Actes and monuments of matters most speciall and memorable, happenyng in the Church. [vol. 2, part 1] with an vniuersall history of the same, wherein is set forth at large the whole race and course of the Church, from the primitiue age to these latter tymes of ours, with the bloudy times, horrible troubles, and great persecutions agaynst the true martyrs of Christ, sought and wrought as well by heathen emperours, as nowe lately practised by Romish prelates, especially in this realme of England and Scotland. Newly reuised and recognised, partly also augmented, and now the fourth time agayne published and recommended to the studious reader, by the author (through the helpe of Christ our Lord) Iohn Foxe, which desireth thee good reader to helpe him with thy prayer.

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Actes and monuments of matters most speciall and memorable, happenyng in the Church. [vol. 2, part 1] with an vniuersall history of the same, wherein is set forth at large the whole race and course of the Church, from the primitiue age to these latter tymes of ours, with the bloudy times, horrible troubles, and great persecutions agaynst the true martyrs of Christ, sought and wrought as well by heathen emperours, as nowe lately practised by Romish prelates, especially in this realme of England and Scotland. Newly reuised and recognised, partly also augmented, and now the fourth time agayne published and recommended to the studious reader, by the author (through the helpe of Christ our Lord) Iohn Foxe, which desireth thee good reader to helpe him with thy prayer.
Author
Foxe, John, 1516-1587.
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[At London :: Imprinted by Iohn Daye, dwellyng ouer Aldersgate beneath S. Martins],
An. 1583. Mens. Octobr.
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Martyrs -- Great Britain -- Early works to 1800.
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http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A67926.0001.001
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"Actes and monuments of matters most speciall and memorable, happenyng in the Church. [vol. 2, part 1] with an vniuersall history of the same, wherein is set forth at large the whole race and course of the Church, from the primitiue age to these latter tymes of ours, with the bloudy times, horrible troubles, and great persecutions agaynst the true martyrs of Christ, sought and wrought as well by heathen emperours, as nowe lately practised by Romish prelates, especially in this realme of England and Scotland. Newly reuised and recognised, partly also augmented, and now the fourth time agayne published and recommended to the studious reader, by the author (through the helpe of Christ our Lord) Iohn Foxe, which desireth thee good reader to helpe him with thy prayer." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A67926.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 3, 2024.

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¶The vsuall prayer of Martin Luther.

COnfirme (O God) in vs that thou hast wrought, and perfect the worke that thou hast begunne in vs, to thy glory. So be it. Ex histor. Phil. Melancth. Ex Sledano. Ex Parali. Abb. Vrsperge. & ex Casp. Peucero.

MArtin Luther thus being dismissed of the Emperour, according to the promise of his safeconduct made (as you haue heard) departed from Wormes toward his coun∣trey the 26: of Aprill,* 1.1 acompanied with the Emperours Heraulde, and the rest of his company, hauing onely xxi. dayes to him graunted for his returne, and no more. In the which meane space of his returne, hee writeth to the Emperour, and to other nobles of the Empyre repeating briefely to them the whole action and order of things there done, desiring of them, theyr lawfull good will and fauour, which as he hath alwayes stand neede of, so now he moste earnestly craueth, especially in this, that hys cause whiche is not his but the cause of the whole church vniuersall, may be hearde with indifferency and equitye, and may be de∣cised by the rule and authority of holy Scripture: signi∣fying moreouer, that when so euer they shall please to send for him, he shall bee ready at theyr commaundement, at any time or place, vppon theyr promise of safety, to ap∣peare. &c.

During the time of these doinges, the Doctours and Schoolmen of Paris, were not behinde with theyr partes,* 1.2 but to shewe theyr cunning, condemned the bookes of Lu∣ther, extracting out of the same, especially out of hys booke De Captiuitate Babilonica, certayne Articles as touching the Sacramentes, lawes and decrees of the Church equa∣litye of workes, vowes, contrition, absolution, satisfacti∣on, Purgatory, free will, priuiledges of holy Church, coū∣celles, punishment of heretiques, Philosophye, Schole di∣uinity, with other more.* 1.3 Unto whom Philip Melancton maketh aunsweare, and also Luther himselfe, albeit plea∣santly and iestingly.

It was not long after this, but Charles the new Em∣perour,* 1.4 to purchase fauor with the Pope (because hee was not yet confirmed in his Empyre) prouideth and directeth out a solemne writ of outlawry agaynst Luther, & all them that take his part, commaunding the said Luther, where so euer he might be gotten, to be apprehended, and his bookes burned. By which decree proclaymed agaynst Luther, the Emperour procured no small thanke with the Pope: in so much that the Pope ceasing to take part with the French king, ioyned himselfe whollye to the Emperour. In the meane time Duke Fridericke, to geue some place for the time to the Emperors Proclamation,* 1.5 conueyed Luther a litle out of sight secretly, by the helpe of certain noble men, whom he well know to be faythfull and trusty vnto him in that behalfe. There Luther being close and out of compa∣ny, wrote diuers Epistles, and certayne bookes also vnto his frendes among which he dedicated one to his compa∣nye of Augustine Fryers, entituled, De abroganda Missa, Which Friers the same time being encouraged by him,* 1.6 be∣ganne first to lay downe theyr priuate Masses. Duke Fri∣dericke fearing least that would breede some great styrre or tumult, caused the censure and iudgementes of the whole

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Uniuersity of Wittenberge, to be asked in the matter, com∣mitting the doing thereof to foure, Iustus, Ionas, Philip Me∣lancthō. Nic. Ambsdorssius, Ioh. Dulcius.

The mindes of the whole Uniuersity being searched it was shewed to the Duke, that he shoulde doe well and Godly,* 1.7 by the whole aduise of the learned there, to com∣maund the vse of Masse to be abrogate through his domi∣nion: and though it could not be done without tumult, yet that was no let, why the course of true doctrine should be stayed,* 1.8 for the multitude, which commonly ouercommeth the better part. Neyther ought such disturbaunce to be im∣puted to the doctrine taught, but to the aduersaryes, which willingly and wickedly kicke agaynst the trueth: wherof Christ also geueth vs forewarning before. For feare of such tumults therefore we ought not to surcease frō that which we know is to be done, but constantly must go forward in defence of Gods truth, how so euer the world doth esteeme vs, or rage against it. Thus shewed they their iudgemēt to Duke Fridericke.

* 1.9It happened moreouer about the same yeare and time, that king Henry also pretending an occasion to impugne the booke De Captiuitate Babylonica, wrote agaynst Luther. In which booke:

1. He reproueth Luthers opinion about the Popes par∣dons.

2. He defendeth the supremacy of the Byshop of Rome.

3. He laboreth to refell all his doctrine of the Sacramēts of the Church.

This booke, albeit it carryed the kinges name in the title,* 1.10 yet it was an other that ministred the motion, an o∣ther that framed the stile. But who so euer had the labor of this booke, the king had the thanke, and also the rewarde. For consequently vpon the same, the bishop of Rome gaue to the sayd king Henry for the style agaynst Luther,* 1.11 ye style and title of Defender of the Christen fayth, and to his succes∣sors for euer.

Shortly after this, within the compasse of the same yere, Pope Leo after he had warred agaynst the Frenche men, and had gotten from them, through the Emperors ayd, the Citties of Parma, Placentia, and Millen. &c. he sitting at supper, & reioycing at three great giftes that God had be∣stowed vpō him. 1. That he being banished out of his coū∣try, was restored to Florence agayn with glory. 2. That he had deserued to be called Apostolique.* 1.12 3. That he had driuē the Frenchmen out of Italy: after he had spokē these wor∣des, he was stroken with a sodayne feuer, and dyed short∣ly after, being of the age of 47. yeares: albeit some suspect that he dyed of poyson. Successour to whom was Pope A∣drian the vi. scholemayster sometime to Charles the Em∣perour:* 1.13 who liued not much aboue one yeare and a halfe, in his Papacy. During whose small time, these three espe∣ciall thinges were incident: A great pestilence in Rome, wherein aboue an hundreth thousande people were consu∣med.* 1.14 The losse of Rhodes by the Turke. And thyrdly the capitall warre, which the sayd Pope Adrian, with the em∣perour, and the Uenetians, and the king of Englande, dyd hold agaynst Fraunces the French king.

This pope Adrian was a Germane borne, brought vp at Louane,* 1.15 and as in learning he exceded the common sort of Popes: so in moderatiō of life and maners he semed not all together so intēperate as some other Popes haue bene, and yet like a right Pope, nothing degenerating from hys Sea,* 1.16 he was a mortall enemy against Martin Luther and his partakers. In his time, shortly after the Councell of Wormes was broken vppe, an other meeting or assemble was appoynted by the Emperor at Norenberge of ye prin∣ces, nobles and states of Germany. an. 1522.

Unto this assemble the sayde Adrian sent his letters in maner of a briefe,* 1.17 with an instruction also vnto his Legate Cheregatus, to informe him how to procceede, and what causes to alledge agaynst Luther, before the Princes there assembled. His letter with the instruction sent, because they are so hypocritically shadowed ouer with a fayre shew and colour of paynted zeale and Religion,* 1.18 and beareth resem∣blaunce of great trueth and care of the Church, able to de∣ceaue the outward eares of them, which are not inwardly in true Religion instructed: I thought therefore to geue to the Reader a sight therof to the intent that by the experiēce of them, he may learne hereafter in cases like, to be prudent & circumspect in not beleuing ouer rashly the smoth talke, or pretensed persuasions of men, especially in Church mat∣ters, vnlesse they carry with them the simplicity of playne truth, goyng not vpon termes, but groūded vpon ye word and reueled wil of God, with particular demonstrations, prouing that by the Scripture, which they pretend to per∣swade. First the letter of this Pope conceiued & directed a∣gaynst Luther, proceedeth in this effect.

*Adrian Pope vi. to the renowmed Princes of Germanye, and to the Piers of the Romayne Empyre, greeting, and Apostolique benediction.

RIght honourable brethren, and deare children,* 2.1 greeting and Apostolique benediction. After that we were first promoted (through Gods diuine prouidence) to the office of the see Apo∣stolick, he which hath so aduanced vs, is our witness, how we both daye and night reuoluing in our mindes, did cogitate nothinge more, then how to satisfye the partes of a good Pastour, in atten∣ding the health and cure of the flock, both vniuersally & singular∣lye committed vnto vs:* 2.2 so that there is no one particular sheepe through the whole vniuersall flock, so infected, so sicke, or so farre gone astray, whome our desire is not to recouer, to seeke out, and to reduce into the Lordes folde agayne. And chiefely, from the first beginning of our pastorall function, our care hath alwayes bene, as well by our messengers, as our dayly letters, howe to re∣clayme the mindes of Christian Princes from the intestine wars and dissensions among themselues, to peace and concorde, or at least, if they woulde needes fight, that they woulde conuert theyr strēgth and armour agaynst the cōmō enemyes of our fayth. And to declare this not onely in worde, but rather in deede, God doth knowe with what charges and expences wee haue burdened our selues, to extend our subsidy and reliefe, to the souldiers of Rhodes for defence of themselues and of the Christian fayth, agaynst the Turkish tyranny, by whom they were besieged.

And now to bend our care from these forreyne matters, and to consider our inwarde troubles at home, we heare, to the great griefe of our hart,* 2.3 that M. Luther a newe rayser vppe of olde and damnable heresyes: first after the fatherly aduertisemētes of the See Apostolique, then after the sentence also of condemnation a∣warded agaynst him, and that by the assent and consent of the best learned, and of sundy Vniuersityes also: and lastly after the Empe∣riall decree of our well beloued sonne Charles, elect Emperour of the Romaynes, and Catholique king of Spayne, beyng diuul∣ged through the whole nation of Germanye, yet hath neyther bene by order restrayned,* 2.4 nor of himselfe hath refrayned from hys madnesse begunne, but daily more and more forgetting and con∣temning all Christian Charity and Godlynesse, ceaseth not to di∣sturbe and replenish the worlde with new bookes, fraught full of errours, heresyes, contumelyes, and sedition (whether vppon hys owne head, or by the healpe of other) and to infect the country of Germany, and other Regions about, with this pestilence,* 2.5 and en∣deuoureth still to corrupt simple soules, and maners of men, with the poyson of his pestiferous tongue: and (which is worst of all) hath for his fautours and supporters, not of the vulgare sort one∣ly, but also diuers personages of the Nobility: in so much that they haue begunne also to inuade the goodes of priestes (whiche per∣happes is the chiefe ground of this styrre begunne) contrarye to theyr obedience which they owe to ecclesiasticall and temporall persons, and nowe also at last haue growen vnto ciuill warre and dissention among themselues, which thing how vnfortunately it falleth out now, at this present season, especially amongest vs Christians, you may soone repute with your selues and consider. For although the Apostle hath tolde vs before,* 2.6 that heresyes must needes be, that they which be tried, may be made ma∣nifest. &c. yet was there neuer time, either so vnconuenient to rayse vp heresyes, or so necessary for the repressing thereof, when any such are raysed, as now. For whereas the Deuill, the perpetu∣all enemy of mankinde, roaring in the shape of a Lyon, by the po∣wer of the Turkes, doth continually inuade the flocke of Christ, how can we then resist the violent inuations of him, oppressing vs without, so long as we nourish at home the same Deuill,* 2.7 vnder the coulour of a wyly Dragon, sowing such heresyes, discordes, and seditions among our selues: And albeit it were in our power easily to vanquish these forreigne aduersaryes, yet were that but labor lost, seruing to no profite, to subdue our enemyes without, and at home with heresyes and schismes to be deuided.

We remember, before the time of our Papacy, when we were in Spayne, many thinges we heard then of Luther, and of his per∣uerse doctrine. Which rumours and tydinges, although of thē selues they were grieuous to be hearde, yet more gireuous they were for this, because they proceeded out of that countrey, where we our selfe, after the flesh, tooke our first beginning: but yet thys comfort we had, supposing that either for the iniquity, or els for the foolishnesse thereof being so manifest, this doctrine woulde not long holde: reputing thus with our selfe, that such pestife∣rous * 2.8 plantes translated from other countryes into Germanye, would neuer grow vppe to any proofe in that ground, which was euer woont to be a weeder out of all heresyes and infidelity. But now, since this euill tree (whether by Gods iudgement corre∣cting the sinnes of the people, or by the negligence of suche as first should haue resisted such beginninges) hath so enlarged and spread his braunches so farre: you therefore, both Princes, and people of Germanye, must this consider and prouide, leaste you, which at the first springing vp of this euill, might peraduenture

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be excused as no doers therof, now through this your ouermuch sufferaunce, might be found vnexcusable, and seeme to consent to that which you do not resist.

Here we omitte and passe ouer, what enormity, and more the enormity, that is, that such a great, and so deuoute a nation, should by one fryer (who relinquishing the Catholique fayth and Chri∣stian religion, which he before professed playeth the Apostata, & hath lyed to God) be nowe seduced from that way, whiche first * 2.9 Christ our redemer & his blessed apostles haue opened vnto vs, which so many Mar∣tyrs, so many holy Fathers, so many greate learned men, & also your owne foreelders and old auncitours haue alwayes hitherto walked in, as though onely Luther had all wit and cunning, as though he onely nowe first had receiued the holy ghost (as the he∣retick Montanus vsed to boast of himselfe) or as though the Church (frō which Christ our sauiour promised himselfe neuer to de∣part) hath erred hitherto alwayes in darcke shadowes of ignorance and perdition, tyll now it should be illuminate with newe r∣splendent beames of Luther. Al which thin∣ges, there is no doubt, but to such as haue iudgement, will seeme ridiculous, but yet may be pernitious to simple and ignoraunt mindes: and to the other which being we∣ry of all good order, do gape stil for new changes, may breed mat∣ter and occasion of such mischiefes, as partly your selues haue experienced already. And therfore do you not consider (O prin∣ces and people of Germany) that these be but prefaces & pream∣bles to those euils and mischiefes, which Luther with the secte of his Lutherianes, do intend & purpose here after?* 2.10 Do you not see playnly & perceiue with your eyes, that this defending of the verity of the Gospell first begun by the Lu∣therians to be pretended, is now manifest to be but an inuentiō to spoile your goods which they haue long intēded? Or do you thinke that these sonnes of iniquity do tend to any other thing, then vnder the name of liberty, to supplant obedience, and so to o∣pen a generall * 2.11 licence to euery man, to do what him listeth? And suppose you, that they will any thing regard your commaū∣dementes, or esteeme * 2.12 your lawes, whiche so contemptuously vilipend the holy Ca∣nons, and decrees of the fathers, yea and the most holy Councels also (to whose autho∣rite the Emperors lawes haue alwayes ge∣uen roome and place) & not onely vilipēd them, but also with a diabolicall audacitye haue not feared to rent them in pieces, and set them on a light fire? They which refuse to render due obedience to priestes, to by∣shops, yea to the high bishop of al, & which dayly before your owne faces make theyr bootyes of Church goodes, and of thinges consecrated to God: thinke ye that they will refrayne theyr sacrilegious handes frō the spoyle of lay mens goods? yea that they wil not plucke from you whatsoeuer they can rap or reaue?* 2.13 Finally to conclude, how can you hope that they will more spare you, or hold theyr murthering handes from your throates, which haue bene so bold to vexe, to kill, to slay the Lordes annoynted, which are not to be toucbed? Nay thinke you not contrary, but this miserable calamity will at length redound vpon you, your goodes, your houses, wiues, children, dominios, possessions, & these your temples, which you hallow & reuerēce, except you prouide some speedy remedy agaynst the same.

Wherefore we exhort your fraternities, nobilities, & deuoti∣ons of all and singuler in the Lord, and beseech you for Christian charity & religion (for which religion your forefathers oft times haue geuen their bloud, to vpholde and encrease the same) and notwithstanding require you also in vertue of that obedience, which all Christians owe to God & blessed S, Peter,* 2.14 and to his Vicar here in earth, that setting aside all other quarrels and dissenti∣ons among our selues, you conferre your helping handes euery man to quench this publique fire, and endeuour and study the best way ye can, howe to reduce the sayd M. Luther and all other fautours of these tu∣multes and errours, to better conformitye and trade both of lyfe and fayth. And if they which be infected, shal refuse to heare your admonitiōs, yet proued that the other part, which yet remayneth sound, by the same contagion be not corrupted. He to whom all secretes of men are open, doth know how we both for our nature, and also for our pastorall office, whereto we are called, are much more prone to remit, then to reuenge. But when this pestiferous canker can not with supple and gentle medecines be cured, more sharper salues must be proued, and fiery searinges: the putrified members must be cut of from the body, least the sound partes also be infected. So God did cast downe into hell the schismaticall bre∣thren * 2.15 Dathan and Abiron. And him that would not obey the authority of the priest, God commaunded to bee punished with death. So Peter prince of the Apostles, de∣nounced sodeine death to Ananias, and Saphira, which lyed vnto God. So the olde and godly Emperours commaunded * 2.16 Io∣uinianus and Priscillianus, as heretiques, to be beheaded. So S▪ Ierome wisheth Vi∣gilantius as an heretick, to be geuen to the destructiō of the flesh, that the spirit might be saued in the day of the Lord. So also did our predecessours in the Councell of * 2.17 Cō∣stance condemne to death Iohn Hus & his felow Hierome, which now appeareth to reuiue agayne in Luther. The worthy* 2.18 acts and examples of which forefathers, if you in this doinges (seeing otherwise ye can not) shall imitate: wee doe not doubt, but Gods mercifull clemency shall eftsoones releue his Church, which being now sore vexed of infidels, hath her eies chiefely and principally directed vpō you, as being the most puisaunt and most populous nation that wee haue in Chri∣stendome.

Wherefore vpon the blessing of almighty God and of blessed S. Peter, which here we send vnto you, take courage vnto you,* 2.19 as well agaynst the false Dragon, as the strong Lion, that both these: that is, as well the inward heresyes, as the forreigne enemyes by you being ouercome, you may purchase to your honours an im∣mortal victory, both here and in the world to come. This we geue you to vnderstand, that whatsoeuer the Lord hath geuen vs to aid you withall, either in money or authoritye, wee will not fayle to support you herein,* 2.20 yea and to bestowe our life also in this holye quarrell, and for the health of our sheepe to vs committed. Other thinges as touching the matter of Luther, we haue committed to this Cheregatus our Legate, whom wee haue directed purposelye for the same, vnto your assemble, whom we wish you to Credite, as being our trusty Legate.

Datum Rom. apud S. Petrum sub anulo piscatoris die .25. Nouemb. ann. 1522.

pontificatus nostri anno primo.

¶By this letter aboue prefixed, thou hast (gentle rea∣der) to note and vnderstand, what eyther wyly perswasi∣ons, or strength of authoritie could deuise against Luther, here not to haue lacked. If plausible termes or glosyng sentences, or outward facyng and bracyng could haue ser∣ued, where no ground of scripture is brought, this might seeme apparantly a pithie Epistle. But if a man should re∣quire the particulars or ye specialties of this doctrine which he here reprehendeth, to bee examined and tryed by Gods word, there is no substaunce in it, but onely wordes of of∣fice, whiche may seeme well to serue for waste paper. And yet I thought to exhibite the saide letter vnto thee, to the entent, that the more thou seest mans strength with all his policie bent against Luther, the more thou mayst consider the almightie power of God, in defending the cause of this poore man, against so mightie enemies.

Nowe heare further what instructions the sayde Pope Adrian sent to his Legate Cheregatus, how and by what reasons to moue and inflame the princes of Germany to the destruction of Luther, and his cause, and yet was not able to bring it to passe.

Notes

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