Actes and monuments of matters most speciall and memorable, happenyng in the Church. [vol. 2, part 1] with an vniuersall history of the same, wherein is set forth at large the whole race and course of the Church, from the primitiue age to these latter tymes of ours, with the bloudy times, horrible troubles, and great persecutions agaynst the true martyrs of Christ, sought and wrought as well by heathen emperours, as nowe lately practised by Romish prelates, especially in this realme of England and Scotland. Newly reuised and recognised, partly also augmented, and now the fourth time agayne published and recommended to the studious reader, by the author (through the helpe of Christ our Lord) Iohn Foxe, which desireth thee good reader to helpe him with thy prayer.

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Title
Actes and monuments of matters most speciall and memorable, happenyng in the Church. [vol. 2, part 1] with an vniuersall history of the same, wherein is set forth at large the whole race and course of the Church, from the primitiue age to these latter tymes of ours, with the bloudy times, horrible troubles, and great persecutions agaynst the true martyrs of Christ, sought and wrought as well by heathen emperours, as nowe lately practised by Romish prelates, especially in this realme of England and Scotland. Newly reuised and recognised, partly also augmented, and now the fourth time agayne published and recommended to the studious reader, by the author (through the helpe of Christ our Lord) Iohn Foxe, which desireth thee good reader to helpe him with thy prayer.
Author
Foxe, John, 1516-1587.
Publication
[At London :: Imprinted by Iohn Daye, dwellyng ouer Aldersgate beneath S. Martins],
An. 1583. Mens. Octobr.
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Martyrs -- Great Britain -- Early works to 1800.
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http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A67926.0001.001
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"Actes and monuments of matters most speciall and memorable, happenyng in the Church. [vol. 2, part 1] with an vniuersall history of the same, wherein is set forth at large the whole race and course of the Church, from the primitiue age to these latter tymes of ours, with the bloudy times, horrible troubles, and great persecutions agaynst the true martyrs of Christ, sought and wrought as well by heathen emperours, as nowe lately practised by Romish prelates, especially in this realme of England and Scotland. Newly reuised and recognised, partly also augmented, and now the fourth time agayne published and recommended to the studious reader, by the author (through the helpe of Christ our Lord) Iohn Foxe, which desireth thee good reader to helpe him with thy prayer." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A67926.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 17, 2024.

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¶The first examination of Mistres Anne Askew, before the inquisitours. 1545.

TO satisfy your expectation:* 1.1 good people (sayth she) this was my first examination in the yeare of our Lorde. 1545. and in the in the month of March.

First Christoph. Dare examined me at Sadlers Hall,* 1.2 being one of the Quest, and asked if I did not beleeue that the sacrament, hanging ouer the altar, was the very bodye of Christ really. Then I demaunded this question of hym:* 1.3 wherfore S. Stephen was stoned to death, and he sayd, he could not tell. Then I answered, that no more woulde I assoyle his vayne question.

Secondly, he sayd that there was a woman,* 1.4 which did testifie that I shoulde read, howe God was not in Tem∣ples made with handes. Then I shewed him the 7. and 17 chap. of the actes of the Apostles, what Stephen and paule had said therein. Wherupon he asked me how I took those sentences? I answered, I would not throw pearles amōg swine, for Acornes were good enough.* 1.5

Thirstly, he asked me wherefore I sayde that I had ra∣ther to read fiue lines in the Bible, then to heare 5. Masses in the temple? I confessed, that I sayd no lesse: not for the disprayse of either ye epistle or the Gospel, but because ye one

Page 1235

did greatly edify me, and the other nothing at all. As S. Paul doth witnes in the 14. chap. of his first epistle to the Cor. where as he sayth.* 1.6 I the trumpet geueth an vncer∣tayne sound, who will prepare himselfe to the battell?

Fourthly: he sayd vnto my charge that I should say: if an ill priest ministred,* 1.7 it was the deuill and not God.

My answere was, that I neuer spake any such thyng. But this was my saying:* 1.8 that whosoeuer he were that mi¦nistred vnto me, his il cōditiōs could not hurt my faith, but in spirit I receiued neuertheles, ye body & bloud of Christ.

He asked me what I said concerning confession? I an∣swered him my meaning, which was as S. Iames sayth, that eury man ought to knowledge his faultes to other, and the one to pray for the other.

Sixtly, he asked me what I sayd to the kinges booke? And I aunswered him, that I coulde say nothing to it, be∣cause I neuer saw it.

Seuēthly, he asked me if I had the spirit of God in me? I answered,* 1.9 if I had not, I was but a reprobate or cast a∣way. Then he sayd he had sent for a priest to examine me, which was here at hand.

The priest asked me what I sayd to the Sacrament of the aulter,* 1.10 & required much to know therein my meaning. But I desired him againe, to hold me excused concerning that matter. None other answere would I make him, be∣cause I perceiued him to be a papist.

* 1.11Eightly he asked me, if I did not thinke that priuate masses did helpe soules departed? I sayd, it was great ido∣latry to beleue more in thē, then in the death which Christ dyed for vs.

* 1.12Then they had me thence vnto my L. Maior, and he ex¦amined me, as they had before, and I answered him dire∣ctly in all thinges as I aunswered the Quest before. Be∣sides this my L. Maior layd one thing to my charge, whi∣che was neuer spokē of me, but of them: & that was, whe∣ther a mouse eating the host, receiued God or no? This question did I neuer ask, but in deede they asked it of me, whereunto I made them no aunswere but smiled.

Then the Bishops Chauncellor rebuked me and sayd, yt I was much to blame for vttring the scriptures. For S. Paul (he sayd) forode women to speake,* 1.13 or to talke of the word of God. I answered him that I knew Paules mea∣ning as well as he, which is in the 1. Corin. 14. that a wo∣man ought not to speak in the congregation by the way of teaching. And thē I asked him, how many women he had seene go into the Pulpit and preach? He sayd he neuer saw none. Then I sayd, he ought to finde no fault in poore wo∣men, except they had offended the law.

Then the L. Maior commaunded me to warde, I as∣ked him if sureties woulde not serue me, and he made me short answere,* 1.14 that he would take none. Then was I had to the Counter, and there remayned xi. dayes, no frend ad∣mitted to speak with me. But in the mean time there was a priest sent to me, which sayd that he was commaunded of the Bishop to examine me, and to geue me good counsell, which he did not.* 1.15 But first he asked me for what cause I was put in the Counter, and I told him, I could not tell. Then he sayd it was great pity that I should be there wt∣out cause, and concluded that he was very sory for me.

Secondly he sayd, it was told him, that I should deny the Sacrament of the aulter. And I aunswered agayne that, that I haue sayd, I haue sayd.

Thirdly he asked me if I were shriuen, I tolde him, so that I might haue one of these three, that is to say, Doctor Crome, Syr Gillam, or Huntington. I was contented be cause I knew them to be men of wisedome, as for you or a∣ny other I will not disprayse, because I knowe you not. Then he sayd, I would not haue you thinke, but that I, or an other yt shall be brought you, shall be as honest as they, for if we were not, you may be sure the king would not suf¦fer vs to preach. Then I aunswered by the saying of Sa∣lomon. By communing with the wise, I may learne wis∣dome,* 1.16 But by talking with a foole, I shall take scathe. pro.

Fourthly he asked, if the host should fall, and a Beaste did eate it, whether the beast did receiue God or no? I an∣swered,* 1.17 seing you haue taken the paynes to aske ye questiō I desire you also to assoyle it your selfe: for I will not doe it, because I perceiue you come to tempt me. And he said, it was agaynst the order of scholes, yt he which asked the que¦stion, should answere it, I told him, I was but a woman, and knew not the course of scholes.

Fiftly he asked me, if I entended to receiue the Sacra∣ment at Easter, or no? I aunswered, that els I were no Christen woman, and thereat I did reioyce, that the time was so neare at hand,* 1.18 and then he departed thence wyth many fayre wordes.

The xxiij. day of March, my coosin Britaine came into the Counter vnto me, and asked me whether I might bee put to bayle, or no? Thē went he immediately vnto my L. Mayor, desiring of him to be so good vnto me. That I might be bayled. My Lord aunswered him, and sayd that he would be glad to doe the best that in him say. How be it he could not bayle me, without the consent of a spiritual of¦ficer: requiring him to go & speak with the Chauncellor of London. For he sayde, like as he could not committe me to prison without the consent of a spirituall Officer, no more could he bayle me without the consent of the same.

So vpon that, he went to the Chaūcellor, requiring of him as he did before of my Lord Maior. He answered him the that matter was so haynous,* 1.19 that he durst not of him selfe do it, without my Lord of London were made priuy thereunto. But he sayd he would speake vnto my Lord in it, & badde him repayre vnto him the nexte morow, and he should wel know my Lords pleasure: And vpon the mor∣row after, he came thither, and spake both with the Chaū∣cellor, & with the Bishop of Londō. The Bishop declared vnto him, that he was very well contented that I should come forth to a communication, & appoynted me to appere before him the next day after, at 3, of the clock at afternoone. Moreouer, he sayd vnto him, that he would, there shold be at the examination such learned men as I was affectioned to, that they might see, & also make report that I was hād∣led with no rigor. He answered him that he knew no man that I had more affection to, then to other. Then sayd the Byshop: yes as I vnderstand, she is affectioned to Doct. Crome, Syr Guillam, Whitehead, & Huntingtō that they might heare the matter:* 1.20 for she did know thē to be learned & of a godly iudgemēt. Also he required my coin Britayn, that he should earnestly perswade me to vtter euē the very bottome of my hart: and he sware by his fidelitye, that no man should take any aduantage of my words: neyther yet would he lay ought to my charge for any thing yt I should there speake: but if I sayde any maner of thing amisse, he with other more would be glad to reforme me therin, with most godly counsell.

On the morow after, the Bishop of Londō sent for me, at one of the clocke, his houre being appoynted at three, & as I came before him,* 1.21 he said he was very sory of my trou∣ble, & desired to know my opiniō in such matters as were layd against me. He required me also in any wise boldly to vtter the secrets of my hart, bidding me not to feare in any poynt, for whatsoeuer I did say in his house, no mā should hurt me for it. I answered: forsomuch as your lordship ap∣poynted three of the clocke, & my frendes shall not come til that houre, I desire you to pardō me of geuing answere til they come. Thē sayd he, that he thought it meet to send for those 4. men which were afore named & appointed. Thē I desired him not to put them to the payne, for it should not need, because the two gentlemen which were my frendes were able enough to testify that I should say. Anone after he went into his gallary with M. Spilman, & willed him in any wise that he shoulde exhorte me to vtter all that I thought.* 1.22 In the meane while he cōmaunded his Archdea∣con to cōmon with me, who sayd vnto me: Mistres wher∣fore are you accused & thus troubled here before ye Bishop? To whom I answered agayne and sayd: Syr, aske I pray you my accusers, for I know not as yet. Thē tooke he my booke out of my hand, and sayd: such bookes as this, haue brought you to the trouble you are in. Beware (sayth he) beware, for he that made this booke and was the author therof, was an hereticke I warrant you, & burnt in smith∣field. Then I asked him, if he were certayne and sure, that it was true that he had spoken. And he sayd he knew well the booke was of I. Frithes making. Then I asked him if he were not ashamed for to iudge of the booke before he saw it within, or yet knew the truth therof. I said also,* 1.23 that such vnaduised and hasty iudgement is a token apparant of a very slender wit. Then I opened the booke & shewed it him. He said he thought it had bene an other, for he could finde no fault therein. Then I desired him no more to bee so vnaduisedly rash & swift in iudgement, till he throughly knew the truth, and so he departed from me.

Immediately after came my cosin Britaine in with dy∣uers other, as M. Hall of Grayes Inne, & such other like. Then my Lord of London perswaded my cosine Britaine as he had done oft before, which was that I shoulde vtter ye bottom of my hart in any wise.* 1.24 My Lord said after yt vn∣to me, that he would I should credite the counsayle of such as were my frendes and wel willers in this behalf, which was, that I should vtter all thinges that burdened my cō∣science: for he ensured me that I shoulde not neede to stand in doubt to say any thing. For like as he promised them (he said) he promised me & would performe it: which was that neither he nor any man for him, should take me at aduaun∣tage of any word I should speake: and therefore he had me say my minde without feare. I aunswered him that I had

Page 1236

nought to say: for my conscience (I thanked God) was burdened with nothing.

Then brought he forth this vnsauery similitude: that if a man had a wound, no wise Surgeon would minister helpe vnto it before he had seene it vncouered.* 1.25 In like case saith he, can I geue you no good counsaile, vnles I know wherwith your conscience is burdened. I answered, that my conscience was cleare in all things: & for to lay a plai∣ster vnto the whole skin, it might appeare much folly.

Then you driue me (saith he) to lay to your charge your own report,* 1.26 which is this: you did say, he that doth receue the Sacrament by the hands of an ill priest, or a sinner, re∣ceiueth the deuil and not God. To that I aunswered, that I neuer spake such words. But as I said afore, both to the Quest and to my Lord Mayor, so say I now agayne, that the wickednes of the priest should not hurt me, but in spi∣rit and fayth, I receiued no lesse then the body and bloude of Christ. Then sayd the Byshop vnto me, what saying is this in spirite? I will not take you at the aduauntage. Then I answered: my Lord without fayth and spirite, I cannot receiue him worthily.

* 1.27Then he sayd vnto me, that I should say that the Sa∣crament remayning in the pixe, was but bread. I answe∣red that I neuer said so, but in deede the Quest asked me such a question, whereunto I would not answer (I sayd) till such tyme as they had assoled me this questiō of mine, wherfore Stephen was stoned to death? They sayd they knew not. Then sayd I againe, no more would I tell thē, what it was.

Then said my Lord vnto me, that I had alledged a cer∣tain text of the scripture.* 1.28 I answered that I alledged none other but S. Paules owne saieng to the Athenians in the xviij. chap. in the Apostles acts, that God dwelleth not in Temples made with hands. Then asked he me what my fayth and beliefe was in that matter? I aunswered him, I beleue as the Scripture doth teach me.

Then inquired he of me, what if the Scripture doe say that it is the body of Christ? I beleue sayd I, as the scri∣pture doth teach me.* 1.29 Then asked he agayne, what if the scrip∣ture do say that it is not the body of Christ? My aunswer was still, I beleue as the scripture informeth me. And v∣pon this argument he taried a great while, to haue driuen me to make him an aunswere to his mynde. Howbeit I would not: but concluded this with him, that I beleeue therin and in all other things as Christ and his holy apo∣stles did leaue them.

Then he asked me why I had so few wordes? And I answered,* 1.30 God hath geuen me the gift of knowledge, but not of vtterance. And Salomon saith: That a woman of few wordes is a gift of God. Prou. xix.

Fiftly, my Lord laid vnto my charge, that I should saye that the Masse was superstitious,* 1.31 wicked, & no better then idolatry. I aunswered him no: I said not so. Howbeit I say the quest did aske me whether priuate masse did relieue soules departed or no? Unto whom then I answered: O Lord what idolatry is this, that we should rather beleeue in priuate masses, then in the healthsome death of the dere sonne of God? Then said my Lord againe: what an aun∣swer is that? though it be but meane (sayd I) yet it is good enough for the question.

Then I told my Lord that there was a priest, which did heare what I said there before my L. Mayor & them. With that the Chancellor answered, which was the same Priest. So she spake it in very deede (sayth he) before my L. Mai∣or and me.

Then were there certaine Priests, as D. Standish and other, which tempted me much to know my mind. And I answered them alwayes thus: that I sayd to my Lorde of London, I haue said. Then D. Standish desired my Lord to bid me say my mynd concernyng the same text of Saint Paules learning,* 1.32 that I being a woman, should interpret the Scriptures, specially, where so many wise learned men were.

Then my L. of London sayd he was informed, that one should aske of me if I would receiue the sacrament at Ea∣ster, and I made a mocke of it. Then I desired that myne accuser might come foorth,* 1.33 which my L. would not. But he said agayne vnto me, I sent one to geue you good coun∣sell, and at the first worde you called him Papist. That I denied not, for I perceiued he was no lesse: yet made I hym none answer vnto it.

Then he rebuked me, and sayd that I should reporte, that there were bent against me threescore priests at Lin∣colne.* 1.34 In deed (quoth I) I sayd so. For my friendes tolde me, if I did come to Lincolne, the priests would assault me and put me to great trouble, as therof they had made their boast: and when I heard it, I went thither in deede, not being afraid, because I knew my matter to be good. More ouer, I remained there ix. dayes to see what would be said vnto me. And as I was in the Minster reading vpon the Bible, they resorted vnto me by ij. and by ij. by v. and by vj. minding to haue spoken vnto me, yet went they theyr wayes agayne without wordes speaking.

Then my L. asked, if there were not one that did speak vnto me. I told him yes, that there was one of them at the last, which did speake to me in deed. And my L. then asked me what he sayd? And I told him his words were of smal effect, so that I did dot now remember them: Then sayde my L. there are many that read and know the scripture, & yet follow it not, nor liue therafter. I said againe,* 1.35 my L. I would wish that all men knew my conuersation & liuyng in all points, for I am sure of my selfe this houre yt there are none able to proue any dishonesty by me. If you know any that can do it, I pray you bring them forth.

Then my L. went away, and said he would entitle some what of my meaning, and so he wrote a great circumstāce. But what it was, I haue not all in memory, for he would not suffer me to haue the copy therof. Onely do I remem∣ber this small portion of it.

Be it knowen (saith he) of all men,* 1.36 that I Anne Askew do confesse this to be my faith and beliefe, notwithstāding my reportes made afore to the contrary. I beleue that they which are houseled at the hands of a Priest, whether hys conuersation be good or not, do receiue the body and bloud of Christ in substance really. Also I do beleeue, that after the consecration, whether it be receiued or reserued, it is no lesse then the very body and bloud of Christ in substance. Finally I do beleeue in this and in all other Sacraments of holy Church, in all pointes according to the old Catho∣like faith of the same. In witnes wherof I the sayde Anne haue subscribed my name.

There was somewhat more in it, which because I had not the copy, I cannot now remember. Then he read it to me and asked me if I did agree to it. And I sayd againe, I beleue so much therof, as the holy scripture doth agree vn∣to: wherefore I desire you, that ye will adde that therun∣to. Then he answered,* 1.37 that I should not teach hym what he should write. With that, he went foorth into his great chamber, and read the same Bil before the audience, which enueigled and willed me to set to my hād, saieng also, that I had fauour shewed me. Then sayd the B. I might thāke other, and not my selfe, of the fauour that I found at hys hand: for he considered (he sayd) that I had good frendes, and also that I was come of a worshipfull stocke.

Then answered one Christopher, a seruant to M. Den∣nie: Rather ought you (my L.) to haue done it in such case for Gods sake then for mans. Then my L. sate down, and tooke me the writing to set therto my hand, and I writ af∣ter this maner: I Anne Askew do beleue all maner things conteined in the faith of the catholike church.

And for as much as mention here is made of the writyng of Boner,* 1.38 which this godly woman sayd before she had not in me∣mory, therefore I thought in this place to inferre the same, both with the whole circumstance of Boner, and with the title there∣unto prefixed by the Register, and also with her owne subscrip∣tion: to the intent the Reader seyng the same subscription, ney∣ther to agree with the tyme of the title aboue prefixed, nor with the subscription after the writing annexed, might the better vn∣derstand thereby what credite is to be geuen hereafter to suche Byshops, and to such Registers. The tenour of Boners writyng proceedeth thus.

The true copy of the confession and beliefe of Anne As∣kew, otherwise called Anne Kime, made before the B. of London, the xx. day of March, in the yere of our lord God after the computation of the Church of England, 1545. and subscribed with her owne hand, in the presence of the ayd B. and other, whose names hereafter are recited, set foorth and published at this present, to the entent the world may see what credence is now to be geuen vnto the same woman, who in so short a tyme hath most damnably alte∣red and changed her opinion and beliefe,* 1.39 & therfore right∣fully in open court arrained and condemned, Ex Regist.

BE it known to all faythfull people, that as touching the blessed sacrament of the aultar, I do firmely & vndoub∣tedly beleue, that after the wordes of consecration be spo∣ken by the Priest, according to the common vsage of thys Church of England,* 2.1 there is present really the bodye and bloud of our Sauiour Iesu Christ, whether the minister which doth consecrate, be a good man, or a bad man, & that also whensoeuer the sayd Sacrament is receiued, whether the receiuer be a good man or a bad man, he doth receiue it really & corporally. And moreouer, I do beleue, that whe∣ther the said Sacrament then receiued of the Minister, or

Page 1237

els reserued to be put into the pixe, or to be brought to any person that is impotent or sicke, yet there is the very bodie and bloud of our sayd sauiour: so that whether the Mini∣ster or the receiuer be good or bad, yea whether the Sacra∣ment be receiued or reserued, alwayes there is the blessed body of Christ really.

And this thing with all other things touching the Sa∣crament & other sacraments of the Church, and all things els touching the christian beliefe, which are taught and de∣clared in the kings Maiesties booke lately set forth for the erudition of the christiā people, I Anne Askew, otherwise called Anne Kyme, do truely and perfectly beleeue, and so here presently confesse and knowledge. And here I do pro∣mise that henceforth I shall neuer say or doe any thyng a∣gaynst the premisses, or against any of them. In witnesse whereof, I the sayd Anne haue subscribed my name vnto these presents.

Written the xx. day of March, in the yere of our Lord God. 1545. Ex Regist.

* 2.2By me Anne Askew, otherwise called Anne Kyme.

  • ...Edmund Bish. of London.
  • ...Iohn Bish of Bathe.
  • ...Owen Oglethorpe Doct. of Diuinitie.
  • ...* 2.3Rich. Smith Doct. of Diuinitie.
  • ...Ioh. Rudde Bacheler of Diuinitie.
  • ...Wil. Pie Bacheler of Diuinitie.
  • ...Iohn Wymsley Archdeacon of London.
  • ...Iohn Cooke.
  • ...Rob. Iohn.
  • ...Frances Spilman.
  • ...Edward Hall.
  • ...Alexander Bret.
  • ...Edmund Buts.

With diuers other mo beyng then present.

Here mayest thou note gentle Reader in this confessi∣on, both in the B. and his register: a double sleight of false conueiaunce. For although the confession porporteth the words of the bishops writing,* 2.4 whereunto she did set her hand, ye by the title prefixed before, mayest thou see that both she was arraigned & condemned before this was re∣gistred, and also that she is falsly reported to haue put to her hand, which in deed by this her owne booke appeareth not so to be, but after this maner and condition: I Anne Askew doe beleeue all maner thinges conteyned in the fayth of the Catholike Church, and not otherwise. It followeth more in the story.

Then because I did adde vnto it the catholike church he ang into his chamber in a great fury. With that my cosin Britaine followed him, desiring him for Gods sake to bee goo L. vnto me.* 2.5 He answered that I was a woman, and that e was nothing deceiued in me. Then my cosine Bri∣tayne desired him to take me as a woman, and not to set my weake womans wit to his lordships great wisdome.

Then went in vnto him Doct. Westen, and sayd, that the cause why I did write there the catholike church,* 2.6 was that I vnderstoode not the Church written afore. So with much adoe, they perswaded my Lord to come out agayne, and to take my name with ye names of my sureties, which were my cosin Britaine, and Maister Spilman of Graies Inne.

This beyng done, we thought that I should haue bene put to bayle immediatly according to the order of the law. Howbeit, he would not suffer it, but committed me from thence to prison agayne,* 2.7 vntill the next morrow, and then he willed me to appeare in the Guild hall, & so I did. Not∣withstanding, they would not put me to bayle there ney∣ther, but red the B. writing vnto me, as before, and so com∣manded me againe to prison.

Then were my sureties appointed to come before thē on the next morrow in Paules Church: which dyd so in deede. Notwithstandyng they would once agayne haue brokē of with them because they would not be bound also for another woman at their plesure, whom they knew not nor yet what matter was laid vnto her charge.* 2.8 Notwith∣standing at the last, after much ado and reasoning to & fro, they toke a bond of them of recognisance for my forth com∣ming. And thus I was at the last deliuered.

Written by me Anne Askew.

Notes

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