Actes and monuments of matters most speciall and memorable, happenyng in the Church. [vol. 2, part 1] with an vniuersall history of the same, wherein is set forth at large the whole race and course of the Church, from the primitiue age to these latter tymes of ours, with the bloudy times, horrible troubles, and great persecutions agaynst the true martyrs of Christ, sought and wrought as well by heathen emperours, as nowe lately practised by Romish prelates, especially in this realme of England and Scotland. Newly reuised and recognised, partly also augmented, and now the fourth time agayne published and recommended to the studious reader, by the author (through the helpe of Christ our Lord) Iohn Foxe, which desireth thee good reader to helpe him with thy prayer.

¶Articles obiected by Boner against Ioh. Taylor, aliâs Cardmaker, with hys aunswers vnto the same.

FIrst, I Edmund B. of London, obiect against thee Sir Iohn Taylor aliâs Cardmaker,* 1.1 that thou wast and art of the citie and Dioces of London, and so of the iurisdicti∣on of me Edmund B. of London.

Item, that thou in tymes past diddest professe the rule of S. Fraunces, and diddest by vow promise to keepe po∣uertie, chastitie, and obedience, according to the rule of S. Frances.

Item, that thou in tymes past didst receyue all the or∣ders of the church then vsed, to wit, tam maiores, quam mi∣nores.

Item, that thou after thy said entrie into religion and profession and orders aforesaid,* 1.2 didst take to wife a widow and with her hadst carnal copulation, and didst get of her a woman child, breaking therby thy vow and order, & also the ordinance of the church.

Item, that thou hast beleued and taught, and so doest beleue that in the sacrament of the aultar vnder the visible signes there: that is to say,* 1.3 vnder the formes of bread and wyne, there is really and truly the true and very naturall body and bloud of our sauiour Iesus Christ.

Item, that the beliefe of the catholike church is,* 1.4 that in hauing the body and bloud of Christ really and truly con∣teined in the sacrament of the altar, is to haue (by the om∣nipotent power of almighty God) the body and bloud of Christ there inuisibly and really present vnder the said sa∣crament, and not to make thereby a new God, or a newe Christ, or a new body of Christ.

Item, that it may stand wel together, & so is the fayth of the Catholike church: that the body of Christ is visibly and truely ascended into heauen, and there is in the visible forme of his humanitie: and yet the same body in substāce is inuisibly and truely conteyned in the sayde Sacrament of the aulter.

Item, that Christ at his last supper takyng bread into his hands, blessing it, breakyng it, geuyng it to his apo∣stles, and saying: Take, eate, this is my body, did institute a Sacrament there, * 1.5 willyng that his body really and tru∣ly should be conteyned in the sayd sacrament, no substance of bread and wyne there remainyng, but onely the acci∣dents thereof.

¶Aunswers of Cardmaker, to the articles aforesayd.

TO the first article he answereth, and confesseth the same to be true in euery part therof.* 2.1

To the 2. article he aunswereth and confesseth, that he beyng vnder age, did professe the said order and religion, & afterward by the autoritie of K. Henry the 8. he was di∣spensed with for the same religion.

To the 3. he aunswereth, and confesseth the same to bee true in euery part thereof.

To the 4. he aunswereth, and confesseth the first part therof to be true: and to the second part of the same article he answereth and saith, that in mariage he brake no vow, because he was set at liberty to mary, both by the lawes of this realme, and also by the lawes and ordinaunces of the Church of the same.

To the 5. he answereth & confesseth, th th•• hath belee∣ued & taught, as it is conteined in this acti••e, but he doth not now so beleue nor teach.

To the 6. he answereth, that he doth not beleue y^e same to be true in any part therof.

To the 7. he aunswereth, that he doth not beleeue the same to be true in any part thereof.

To the 8. he answereth and doth beleeue, videlicet, that it is true: that is to say,* 2.2 that Christ takyng breade at hys last supper into hys handes, blessyng it, breakyng it, ge∣uyng it to his disciples, and saying: Take, eate, this is my bo∣dy, did institute a sacrament there. And to the other part of this article, videlicet, (willyng that his bodye really and truely should be conteyned in the sayd sacrament, no sub∣stance of bread and wyne there remayning, but onely the accidents thereof) he answereth, that he doth not beleeue the same to be true.

By me Iohn Cardmaker.

M. Cardmaker calling to mynd afterwards the redy cauillings of the papists, and thinking himself not to haue fully and according to his true meaning answered the lat∣ter part of the last eight article, did the next day after the foresaid answers, exhibite vnto the Bish. in a schedule this here after followyng.

Where in my answer to your articles I deny the pre∣sence of Christ in the Sacrament, I meane not his sacra∣mentall presence, for that I confesse, but my deniall is of his carnall presence in the same. But yet further, because this word is oftentymes taken of the holy fathers,* 2.3 not on∣ly for the bread and wyne, but also for the whole admini∣stration and receiuyng of the same, accordyng to Christes institution: so I say, that Christ is present spiritually too, and in all them which worthily receiueth the Sacrament:* 2.4 so that my deniall is still of the reall, carnall, and corporall presence in the sacrament, and not of the sacramentall nor spirituall presence.

This haue I thought good to adde to my former aun∣swer, because no man should misunderstand it.

By me Iohn Cardmaker.

Next to these articles of M. Cardmaker, I thought best to inferre the articles and answers likewise of Iohn Warne his martyr fellow, in maner as followeth.

¶Articles ministred agaynst Iohn VVarne Vpholster, of the parish of S. Iohn in Walbrooke, with his an∣swers to the same.

* 3.1FIrst, that thou Iohn Warne, beyng of the age of xxix. yeres, & of the parish of S. Iohn of Walbrooke in Lon∣don, hast beleeued, and doest beleeue firmely and stedfast∣ly, that in the Sacrament commonly called the Sacramēt of the aultar, there is not the very true and naturall body of our Sauiour Christ in substaunce, vnder the formes of bread and wyne.

Item, that thou hast beleued, and doest beleue, that af∣ter the words of consecration spoken by the priest,* 3.2 there is not (as the church of England doth beleue and teach) the body of Christ: but that there doth only remayne the sub∣stance of material bread, as it is before the consecration, or speaking of the wordes of consecration: and that the sayd bread is in no wyse altered or changed.

Item, that thou hast sayd and doest beleeue, that if the Catholike church do beleue and teach,* 3.3 that there is in the masse (now vsed in England and in other places of Chri∣stendome) a sacrifice wherein there is a sacrament contei∣nyng the body and bloud of Christ really and truly: then that beliefe and fayth of the church is naught, and agaynst Gods truth and the scripture.

Item, that thou hast said, that where about a twelue moneths agone & more,* 3.4 a great rough water Spaniell of thyne, was shorne in the hed, & had a crowne like a Priest made in the same, thou diddest laugh at it & like it, though thou didst it not thy selfe, nor knowest who did it.

Item, that thou, neither this Lent last past, nor at any tyme since the Queenes Maiesties raigne, hast come into the church, or heard masse, or bene confessed, or receiued the sacrament of the aultar: and hast said, that thou art not so∣ry that thou hast so done, but thou art glad, because thou hast not therewith defiled thy conscience, which otherwise thou shouldest so haue done.

Upon all which articles Iohn Warne being examined by the said Boner, in presence of diuers witnesses, the 23. of May, ann. 1555. did confesse and beleue the same, & sub∣scribe hereunto his name with his owne hand.

By me Iohn Warne.

Also it was obiected against the said Iohn Warne, by the B. aforesayd, as followeth.

* 3.5Item, that thou Iohn Warne wast in tyme past here in the city of London, conuented in the Guildhal for here∣sie against the sacrament of the aultar, according to the or∣der of the lawes of this Realme of England in the time of king Henry the 8. and when Alderman Barnes was shi∣rife, & the Thursday after that Anne Askew was burnt in Smithfield,* 3.6 and therupon thou wast sent as a prisoner to Newgate, to whom Edmond B. of London did repayre with his chaplens, to instruct thee in y^e true faith of Christ, touchyng the said Sacrament of the aultar, & to bring thee from thy error, which was, that in the Sacrament of the altar there is not the body of Christ, nor any corporal pre∣ence of Christes body & bloud, vnder the formes of bread & wyne: but that in the sayd sacrament there is onely ma∣teriall bread & wyne, without any substance of Christs bo∣dy and bloud at all, & because thou wouldst not leaue & for sake thy sayd heresie therin, but persist & abide obstinately and wilfully therein, thou wert according to y^e said lawes condemned to death,* 3.7 & to be burnt: and thereupon labour beyng made for thee to the king and other in the Courte, thou hadst a pardon of king Henry the 8. and so thereby didst saue thy lyfe. Neuerthelesse, in thy heart, conscience, and mynd, thou didst both then and also afore, beleeue no otherwyse then at this present thou doest beleeue: that is to say, that in the Sacrament of the aultar there is neyther the very true body or bloud of Christ,* 3.8 nor no other substace but the substaunce of materiall bread and wyne, and to re∣ceiue the sayd materiall bread and wyne, and to breake it, and to distribute it among the people, onely is the true re∣ceiuyng of Christes body, and no otherwise: so that thy fayth and beliefe is, that in the sayd sacrament there is no substance of Christes material body and bloud: but all the thyng that is there, is materiall bread, and the receiuyng thereof as afore: and that the substance of the natural and true body of Christ borne of the Uirgine Mary, is only in heauen, and not in the sacrament of the aultare. In which thine opinion, thou hast euer hitherto since continued, and so doest continue at this present, thou confessing all this to be true, and in witnes therof, subscribing thy name there∣unto as followeth.

By me Iohn Warne.

Iohn Warne beyng examined vpon these foresaid ar∣ticles by the Bish. before certaine witnesses,* 3.9 whose names were Iohn Boswel, Iohn Heywood, Robert Rauens, the xxiij. of May, did aunswere to the same, confessing and graunting the articles and the contentes thereof to bee true, accordyng as they were obiected in euery part, sub∣scribing also the same with hys hand. Such strength and fortitude gods holy spirit wrought in hym, to stand stout∣ly and confidently to the defence of the sincere doctrine of hys sonne.

Whereupon the B. exhorting him with many wordes to leaue his heresies (as he called them) and to returne to the bosom of his mother the holy church, commanded him to appeare agayne the next day, being the xxiiij. of the same moneth.

Who so doyng (and aunswering as he did before) was willed to come thither agayne at after noone, & so hee dyd:* 3.10 where and at what tyme he was earnestly exhorted by the sayd Bish. to recant his opinions. To whom he aunswe∣red, that he would not depart from his receyued professi∣on, vnlesse he were therunto throughly perswaded by the holy scriptures.

Upon which aunswer he was willed to come agayne the next day, beyng the 25. day of the same moneth,* 3.11 at one of the clocke in the after noone. At which day and houre, the B. examined him agayne vpon all his former articles before obiected, to the which he most constantly did sticke, with his further aunswer thereunto added: I am persua∣ded, quoth he, to be in the right opinion, and that I see no cause to repent, for all filthines & Idolatry is in the church of Rome.

The B. then seyng that notwithstandyng all his faire promises & terrible threatnyngs (whereof he vsed store) he could not any thing preuaile:* 3.12 finished this examinati∣on with the definitiue sentence of condemnation pronoun∣ced against the said Iohn Warne, and so charged the Shi∣riffs of London with him, vnder whose custody he remai∣ned in the prison of Newgate, vntil the 30. day of the same month of May.

Upon the which 30. of May, being the day appoynted for their execution, Iohn Cardmaker with the sayd Iohn Warne, were brought by the shiriffes to the place where they should suffer. Who beyng come to the stake, first the Shiriffes called Cardmaker aside, and talked with hym secretly, so long, that in the meane tyme Warne had made hys prayers, was chayned to the stake, and had wood and reede set about hym, so that nothyng wanted, but the fi∣ryng: but styll aboade Cardmaker talkyng with the shi∣riffes.

The people whiche before had heard that Cardmaker would recant, and beholding this maner of doing,* 3.13 were in a meruailous dumpe and sadnes, thinkyng in deede that Cardmaker should now recant at the burning of Warne. At length Cardmaker departed from the Shiriffes, and came towards the stake, and (in his garments as he was) kneeled downe & made a long prayer in silence to himself: yet the people cōfirmed themselues in their fantasie of his recanting, seyng him in his garments praying secretly, & no semblance of any burning.

His prayers being ended, he rose vp, put of his cloths vnto his shirt, went with bolde courage to the stake,* 3.14 and kissed it sweetly: he toke Warne by the hand, and comfor∣ted him heartily, & so gaue himselfe to be also bound to the stake most gladly. The people seyng this so sodenly done, contrary to their feareful expectation, as mē deliuered out of a great doubt, cried out for ioy (with so great a shout as hath not lightly ben heard a greater) saieng: God be prai∣sed,

[illustration]

❧ The Martyrdome of Iohn Cardmaker, and Iohn Warne, Vpholster. An. 1555. May. 30.

the Lord strengthen thee Cardmaker,* 3.15 the Lord Iesus receiue thy spirite. And this continued while the executio∣ner put fire to them, and they both passed thorough the fire to the blessed rest and peace among Gods holy saints and martyrs, to enioy the crowne of triumph and victory pre∣pared for the elect souldiors and warriours of Christ Ie∣sus in his blessed kingdome. To whome be glory and ma∣iesty for euer, Amen.

Notes

• * 1.1

  May. 24. Articles mini∣stred agaynst Iohn Cardma∣ker, by the B. of London.

  Iohn Cardma∣ker first an ob∣seruant Fryer.
• * 1.2

  Iohn Cardma∣ker maryed.
• * 1.3

  The beliefe of the Popes Ca∣tholicke church.
• * 1.4

  To speake natu∣rally of the na∣turall body of Christ, these two cannot stād together at one tyme, vnles we graunt Christ to haue 2. bodyes.
• * 1.5

  That Christ neuer willed, neyther can the Scriptures beare it.
• * 2.1

  Iohn Cardma∣ker aunswereth to the articl••••.
• * 2.2

  The first parte of this article is true: the second is false.
• * 2.3

  A more full an∣swere to the se∣cond part of the eight article.
• * 2.4

  Sacramentall presence in the Sacrament. Carnal presence in the Sacramēt denyed.
• * 3.1

  Articles agaynst Iohn Warne vp∣holster in Wal∣broke.
• * 3.2

  Agaynst tran∣substantiation.
• * 3.3

  Agaynst the sa∣crifice of the Masse.
• * 3.4

  Heresye for laughing at a Spaniell shorne on the head.
• * 3.5

  A nother ad∣dition of Arti∣cles.
• * 3.6

  Iohn Warne a∣bout the tyme of Anne Askew was condemned to be burned, and had his par∣don.
• * 3.7

  ••••hn Warne ••••rdoned by K. Henry. 8.
• * 3.8

  Iohn 〈◊〉〈◊〉 denye•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 transub••t••ation▪
• * 3.9

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 aunswe•••• Iohn 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 3.10

  The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Session a∣gaynst 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Warne.
• * 3.11

  The thir•• session. May. 25.
• * 3.12

  Iohn Warne ••••nstant a∣gaynst the Bishops persuasio•• Sentence geuen a∣gaynst Iohn Warne. May. 30. Cardmak•••• and Iohn Warne brought 〈◊〉〈◊〉 execution Iohn Warne tyed to th•• stake.
• * 3.13

  The peop•••• afrayd at Cardmak•••• recanting.
• * 3.14

  Iohn Card••maker 〈◊〉〈◊〉 con∣stantly 〈…〉〈…〉 Cardmak•••• and Warn•• 〈…〉〈…〉
• * 3.15

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