Actes and monuments of matters most speciall and memorable, happenyng in the Church. [vol. 1] with an vniuersall history of the same, wherein is set forth at large the whole race and course of the Church, from the primitiue age to these latter tymes of ours, with the bloudy times, horrible troubles, and great persecutions agaynst the true martyrs of Christ, sought and wrought as well by heathen emperours, as nowe lately practised by Romish prelates, especially in this realme of England and Scotland. Newly reuised and recognised, partly also augmented, and now the fourth time agayne published and recommended to the studious reader, by the author (through the helpe of Christ our Lord) Iohn Foxe, which desireth thee good reader to helpe him with thy prayer.

William Rufus.

* 1.1William Rufus the second sonne of William Cōque∣rour beganne his raigue, an. 1088. And raigned 13. yeares, beyng crowned at Westminster by Lanfrancus, who after his coronation released out of prison, by the re∣quest of his father,* 1.2 diuers of the English Lords, which be∣fore had bene in custody. It chaunced that at the death of William Conquerour, Robert Courtsey his eldest sonne was absent in Almany. Who hearing of the death of hys father, and how William his yonger brother had taken v∣pon him the kingdome, was therwith greatly amoued, in so much that he laid his dukedome to pledge vnto his bro∣ther Henry, and with that good, gathered vnto him an ar∣my, and so landed at Hampton, to the intent to haue ex∣pulsed his brother from the kyngdom. But William Ru∣fus hearing thereof, sent to him sayre and gentle wordes, promising him deditiō and subiection as to the more wor∣thy and elder brother, this thing onely requiring, that see∣yng he was now in place and possession, he might enioy it during his life, paying to him yerely iii. thousand markes, with condition, that which of them ouerlyued the other, should enioy the kingdome. The occasion of this variance betwene these brethren, wrought a great dissentiō among the Normaine Lordes and Bishops, both in England & in Normandy. In so much that all the Normain bishops within the realm almost rebelled against the king (takyng part with Duke Robert) except onely Lanfrancus, and Wolstane Bishop of Worcester, aboue mentioned an En∣glish man: who for his vertue and constancie was so wel liked and fauoured of his citizens,* 1.3 that (emboldned wyth his presence & prayer) they stoutly maintained the City of Worcester agaynst the siege of their enemies, & at last van∣quished them wyth vtter ruine. But Duke Robert at length by the aduise of his counsaile (hearing the wordes sent vnto him, and wagging his dead thereat, as one con∣ceiuing some matter of doubt or doublenes) was yet con∣tent to assent to all that was desired, & so returned shortly after into Normandy, leauing the bishops and such other, in the briers, which were in England taking his part a∣gainst the kyng.

This Rufus was so ill liked of the Normaines, that betwene him and his Lords was oft dissention. Wherfore (well nere) all the Normains tooke part agaynst him: so that he was forced of necessitie to drawe to hym the En∣glishe men. Agayne, so couetous he was, and so unmea∣surable in his taskes and takings; in selling benefites, Abbeys, and Bishoprickes, that he was hated of all En∣glish men.

In the third yere of this king, died Lancfrancus Arch∣bishop of Cant.* 1.4 from whose commendation and worthi∣nes as I list not to detract any thing (being so greatly ma∣gnified of Polidorus his countreyman) so neyther doe I see any great cause,* 1.5 why to adde any thing therunto. This I thinke, vnlesse that man had brought with him lesse su∣perstition, and more sincere science into Christes Church, he might haue kept him in his countrey still, & haue con∣futed Berengarius at home. After y^e decease of Lanfranke, the sea of Cant. stoode emptie iiii. yeares.

After the counsaile of Lancfrancus aboue mentioned: wherin was concluded for translating of Bishops seas,* 1.6 from villages into head cities: Remigius bishop of Dor∣chester, who (as ye heard, accompanied Lancfrancus vnto Rome) remooued his Bishops sea from Dorchester vnto Lincolne,* 1.7 where he builded the minster there situate vpon an hill within the sayd citie of Lincoln. The dedication of which church, Robert Archbishop of Yorke did resist, say∣ing that it was builded within the ground of his precinct. But after,* 1.8 it had his Romish dedication by Robert Blo∣cet, next bishop that followed. By the same Remigius also was sounded the cloister or monastery of Stow, &c.

In the iiii.* 1.9 yeare of this king, great tempest fell in son∣dry places of England, specially at Winchcombe, where the steeple was burned with lightning, the Church walle brast through,* 1.10 the head and right leg of the Crucifixe, with the Image of our Lady, on the right side of the Crucifixe throwen downe, and such a stench left in the Church, that none might abide it. At London the force of the weather & tempest ouerturned vi. hundreth houses. In which tem∣pest the roofe of Bowe church was whurled vp in y^e wind, and by the vehemence thereof was pitched downe a great deepenes into the ground.

King William (as ye heard an exceding piller or raue∣ner rather of Church goods) after he had geuen the Bisho∣prike of Lincolne to his Chauncellor Robert Bleuet (a∣boue minded) began to cauil, auouching the sea of Lincoln to belong to the sea of Yorke, till the Bishop of Lincolne had pleased him with a great summe of money of v. thou∣sand markes, &c.

And as nothing could come in those dayes without mo∣ny from the king, so Herbert Lolinga paying to the kyng a peece of money, was made bishop of Thetford, as he had payd a little before to be Abbot of Ramesey. who likewise the same time, remouing his sea from Thetford to the Ci∣tie of Norwich, there erected the Cathedrall Church with the cloister in the said citie of Norwith, where he furnished the Monkes with sufficient liuing and rentes of his owne charges, besides the Bishops landes. Afterward repen∣tyng of his open and manifest simonie,* 1.11 he went to Rome: where he resigned vnto the Popes hands his bishoprike: but so, that incontinēt he receiued it againe. This Herbert was the sonne of an Abbot called Robert, for whō he pur∣chased of the king to be bishop of Winchester, wherof run∣neth these verses.

Filius est praeful, pater Abba, Simon vter{que} Quid non speremus si nummos possideamus: Omnia nummus habet quod vultfacit, addit & aufert Res nimis iniusta, nummus fit praeful & Abba, &c.

Ye heard a little before of the death of Pope Hildebrād, after the tyme of which Hildebrand, the Germain Empe∣rors began to loose their authoritie and right in the Popes electiō, and in geuing of benefices. For next after this Hil∣debrand,* 1.12 came Pope Victor by the setting vp of Matilda, and the Duke of Normandy, with the faction and retinue of Hildebrand,* 1.13 who likewise shewed himselfe stout against y^e emperor. But God gaue the shrewd Low short hornes: For Victor beyng poysoned (as some say in his chalice) late but one yeare and a halfe. Notwithstanding the same imitation and example of Hildebrand continued still in thē that followed after. And like as the kings of Israel folow∣ed most part the steps of Ieroboam, till the tyme of theyr desolation: so for the greatest sort all Popes followed the steps and proceedings, of this Hildebrand their spirituall Ieroboam, in maintaining fals worship, and chiefly in vp∣holding the dignitie of the sea, against all rightfull autho∣ritie,* 1.14 and the lawful kingdom of Sion. In the time of this Victor, began the order of the Monkes of Charterhouse, through the meanes of one Hugo bishop of Gracionople, and of Bruno bishop of Colen.

Next to Victor sate Urbanus the ii. by whom the acts of Hildebrand were confirmed, & also new decrees enacted against Henricus the Emperour. In this time were two Popes at Rome, Urbanus and Clemens iii. whome the Emperor set vp.* 1.15 Under Pope Urbane came in the white Monkes of Cistercian order, by one Stephen Harding a monke of Shireborne (an Englishman) by whom this or∣der had his beginning in the wildernes of Cistery,* 1.16 within the prouince of Burgoyne, as witnesseth Cestrensis. Other write that this Harding was the ij. Abbot of that place, & that it was first founded by the meanes of one Robert Ab∣bot of Molisine in Cistercium,* 1.17 a Forest in Burgundy, an. 1098. (perswaded perchance by Harding) and afterward in the yere of our Lord, 1135. it was brought into England by a certaine man called Espek, which builded an Abbey of the same order called Merinale. In this order y^e monks did liue by the labour of their hands. They paid no tithes, nor offrings: they weare no furre nor lyning: they weare red shoes, their coules white, and coate blacke, all shorne saue a little circle: they eate no flesh but only in their iour∣ney. Of this order was Bernardus, &c.

* 1.18This Urbanus held diuers Councels: one at Rome, where he excommunicated all such lay persons as gaue in∣uestiture of any Ecclesiasticall benefice. Also all such of the Clergy as abiected themselues to be vnderlings or ser∣uants to lay persons for Ecclesiasticall benefices, &c.

An other Councell he held at Cleremount in France. Where among other things the bishop made an Oration to the Lords,* 1.19 being there present concerning the voiage & recouering of the holy land from the Turkes and Sara∣zens. The cause of which voiage first sprang by one Peter a monke or Hermite, who being in Ierusalem, & seing the great misery of the Christians vnder the Paganes, made therof declaration to Pope Urbane, & was therin a great sollicitor to all christian Princes. By reason whereof, after the foresaid Oration of pope Urbane 30000. men (takyng on them the signe of the crosse for their cognisaunce) made preparation for that voiage,* 1.20 whose Captains were God∣frey Duke of Loraine with his two brethren, Eustace, and Baldwine, the bishop of Pody, Bohemund duke of Puell and his nephew Tancredus, Raymund Erle of S. Egi∣dius, Robert Erle of Flaunders, and Hugh le Graund, brother of Phillip the French king. To whome also was ioyned Robert Courthoyle duke of Normandy, with di∣uers other noble men, with the foresayd Peter the Dere∣mite, who was the chiefe causer of that voiage.

At that tyme many of the sayd Noble men layed theyr lands & lordships to morgage, for to prouide for the fore∣named voiage: as Godfrey duke of Lorayne, who sold the Dukedome of Boloine to the Bishop of Eburone for a great sumine of money. Also Robert Courthoyse Duke of Normandy layd his Dukedome to pledge to his brother William king of England for x. thousand pounds, &c.

* 1.21Thus the Christians which passed first ouer Bospho∣rus, hauing to their captaine Peter the Heremite (a man perchance more deuout then expert to guide an army) be∣yng trapped of their enemies, were slaine & murthered in great number among the Bulgars, and nere to the towne called Ciuitus.

* 1.22When the nobles and the whole army met together at Constantinople (where Alexius was Emperour) passing ouer by Hellespontus goyng to Ierusalem, they tooke the cities of Nicea, Eraclea, Tarsis, and subdued the country of Cicilia, appointing the possession thereof to certayne of their Captaines.

Antioch was besieged, and in the ix. month of the siege it was yelded to the Christians by one Pyrrhus: about which season were sought many strong battayles to the great slaughter and desolation of the Sarazens,* 1.23 and not without losse of man•• Christian men. The gouernance of this Citie was committed to Boamund Duke of Pucil,* 1.24 whose martiall knighthood was often prooued in tyme of the siege thereof.

And not long after, Corbona, maister of the Persians Chiualry,* 1.25 was vanquished and slayne, with an hundreth thousand Infidels. In which discomfiture were taken 15000. camels.

Ierusalem the 39. day of the siege was conquered by the Christians.* 1.26 Robert Duke of Normandy was elect to be king therof. But he refused, hearing of the death of king William of Eng. wherfore he neuer sped in all his affaires well after the same. Then Godfrey captaine of the christian army was proclaimed the first king of Ierusalem. At the taking of the City was such a murder of men,* 1.27 that bloud was congeled in the streete the thicknes of a foote. Then after Godfrey raigned Baldwine his brother. After hym Baldwine the second nephew. Then Gaufridus duke of Gaunt, and after him Gaufridus his sonne, by whom ma∣ny great battails there were fought against the Sarazens and all the countrey thereabout subdued saue Ascalon, &c. And thus much hetherto touching the voyage to the holy land. Now to our owne land agayne.

About this tyme (as Mathaeus Parisiensis writeth) the kinge of England fauoured not much the sea of Rome, because of their impudent and vnsatiable exactiōs,* 1.28 which they required, neither would he suffer any of his subiectes to go to Rome, alleaging these wordes in the author thus expressed: Quòd Petri non inhaerent vestigijs, praemijs inhian∣tes, non eius potestatem retinent, cuius sanctitatem probantur non imitari: that is, because they follow not the steppes of Peter, hunting for rewardes; neither haue they the power and authoritie of him, whose holinesse they declare them∣selues not to follow, &c.

By the same Urbanus,* 1.29 the seuen Houres whiche we call septem horas Canonicas, were first instituted in the Church.

Item, by this pope was decreed, no bishop to be made but vnder the name and title of some certaine place.* 1.30

Item, that Martins and Houres of the day, should e∣uery day be sayd.

Also euery Saterday, to be sayd the Masse of our La∣dy,* 1.31 and all the Iewes Sabboth to be turned to the seruice of our Lady, as in the Councell of Turon, to the which seruice was appointed the Antheme, Ora pro populo, inter∣ueni pro clero, intercede pro deuoto foemineo sexu.

Item,* 1.32 all such of the clergy as had wyues to be depri∣ued of their order.

Item, to be lawfull for subiectes to breake theyr othe of allegeaunce, with all such as were by the Pope excom∣municate.

Item,* 1.33 not to be lawfull both for husband and wyfe to christen one child both together, with matters many moe.

By the same Pope thus many chapters stand written in the Canon law. Dist. 7. Sanctorum, dist. 31. Eos qui 1. q. 1. Si qui dist. 56 praesbyterorum, 11. q. 3. quibus 15. q. 6. Iuratos, 16. q. 7. congregatio, 19 q. 2. Statuimus, 23. q. 8. Tributum. 30. q. 4. quod autem &c.

In the 6. yere of this kings raigne, Malcoline king of Scots which foure times before had made great slaugh∣ter of old & yong in the North partes,* 1.34 as is before shewed, braste into Northumberland with all the power he could make, and there by the right iudgement of God was slain with his sonne Edward, and also Margaret his wife, si∣ster to Edgar Adeling aboue mynded, a vertuous and de∣uout Lady, within 3. dayes after.

The same yeare he gaue the Archbishoprike of Caun∣terbury (after that he had detayned the same in hys owne bandes 4.* 1.35 yeares) to Anselmus Abbot of Becke in Nor∣mandie

This Anselme was an Italian in the Citie of Augu∣sta borne, and brought vp in the Abbey of Becke in Nor∣mandy: where, he was so straight a folower of vertue, that (as the story recordeth) he wished rather to bee without sinne in hell,* 1.36 then in heauen with sinne. Which saying and wish of his (if it were his) may seeme to proceede out of a mynde neither speaking orderly according after the phrase and vnderstanding of the scripture, nor yet sufficiently ac∣quainted with the iustification of a christen man. Further, they report him to be so farre from singularitie: that hee should say it was the vice which thrust the angels first out of heauen,* 1.37 and man out of paradise.

Of this Anselme it is moreouer reported, that he was so ilwilling to take the Archbishoprike, that the kyng had

much adoe to thrust it upon him: and was so desirous to haue him take it,* 1.38 that the Citie of Caunterbury (which be∣fore Lanfrancus did holde but at the kings good wyll and pleasure) he gaue now to Anselme wholy, which was a∣bout the yere of our Lord, 1093. But as desirous as y^e king was then to place the sayd Anselme, so much did he repent it afterward, seeking all maner of meane to defeate hym if he might. Such strife and contention rose betweene them two for certayne matters, the ground and occasion where∣of, first was this.

After that Anselmus had bene thus elected to the see of Canterbury, before he was fully consecrate, the king com∣moned with him (assaying by all gentle maner of wordes to entreat him) that such lands & possessions of the church of Cant. as the king had geuen and granted to his friends since the death of Lanfrancus: they might still enioy the same,* 1.39 as their owne lawful possession, through his graunt and permission. But to this, Anselme in no case would a∣gree. Wherupon the king conceiuing great displeasure a∣gainst him, did stop his consecration a great season, till at length in long proces of time,* 1.40 the king enforced by the dai∣ly complaintes and desires of his people and subiects for lacke of an Archbishop to moderate the church, was con∣strained to admit and autorise hym vnto them. Thus An∣selme with much ado,* 1.41 takyng his consecration, and doyng his homage to the king, went to his see of Cant. And not long after, the king sailed ouer to Normandy.

About this time there were two striuing in Rome for the Popedome,* 1.42 as is afore touched. Urbanus & Guiber∣tus. Diuers realmes diuersly consenting, some to the one, some to the other. England taking part with theyr kyng was rather enclined to Guibertus, called Clemens the 3. but Anselmus did fully go with Urbanus, making so hys exception with the king, entring to his bishopricke. After the king was returned againe from Normandy, y^e Arch∣bishop commeth to him and asketh leaue to goe to Rome, to set his palle of Pope Urban: which when he could not at the first obtaine, he maketh his appeale from the king to the Pope. Whereat the king beyng iustly displeased, char∣geth the Archbishop with breach of his feaultie, contrary to his promise made: that is, if he, without his licence, would appeale eyther to Urbane or to any other Pope. Anselme aunswereth agayne, that was to bee referred to some greater councell, where it is to be disputed, whether this be to breake a mans allegeance to a terrene Prince, if he appeale to the vicar of S. Peter. And here much argu∣yng and contending was on both sides.* 1.43 The kings reason proceeded thus: The custome (sayth he) from my fathers time hath bene in England, that no person should appeale to the Pope without the kings licence. He that breaketh the customes of the realme, violateth the power and crowne of the kingdom. He that violateth and taketh away my crowne, is a traitour and enemy a∣gainst me, &c. To this Anselme replieth agayne: The Lord (sayth he) easilie discusseth this question, briefly teachyng what fidelitic and allegeaunce we ought to geue to the vi∣car of S. Peter, where he sayth: thou art Peter, and vpon this rocke will I build my church, &c. And to thee I wyll geue the keyes of the kingdom of heauen, and whatsoeuer thou shalt bynde in earth, it shall be bound in heauen, and whatsoeuer thou loosest in earth, shall be loosed in heauen, &c. Agayne to them all in general, he saith: he that heareth you, heareth me, and who despiseth you, despiseth me. And in an other place, he that toucheth you, toucheth the apple of myne eie. On the other side, what duety we owe to the king, he sheweth also. Geue (sayth he) to the Emperour, what belongeth to the Emperour, and to God, geue that to God belongeth. Wherefore in such things as belong to God, I will yeld and must yeld by good right and duetie, my obedience to the vicar of S. Peter, and in such thinges as belong agayne to terrene dignitie of my prince, in those I will not deny to him my faithfull helpe and counsell, so far as they can extend.

* 1.44Thus haue ye the grounded arguments of this Pre∣late, to stand so stifly agaynst his prince, wherunto perad∣uenture was ioyned also some piece of a stubburne hart. But in this conclusion, none of his fellow bishops durst take his part, but were all against him: namely, William Bishop of Duresine. To whom Anselme thus protesteth, saying: who so euer he were that would presume to proue it any breach of allegeaunce of feaulty to his soueraigne, if he appealed to the vicar of S. Peter, he was ready to aun∣swer at all tymes to the contrary: the bishop of Duresine aunswering againe, that he which would not be ruled by reason, must with force be cōstrained, &c. The king hauing on his part the agreement of the Bishops, thought to de∣priue the Archb. both of his pastorall sea, and to expell him out of the realme. But he could not performe his purpose, for Anselme as he was ready to depart the realme, he sayd: whensoeuer he went, he would take his office and autho∣ritie with him, though he tooke nothing els. Whereupon, that matter was deferred till a longer tyme. In the meane season the king had sent priuily two messengers to Pope Urbane, to intreat him to send his pall to the king for him to geue it where he would, which messengers by this time were returned againe, bringing with them from Rome Gualter bishop of Albane the popes Legate,* 1.45 with the pall to be geuē to Anselme. This Legate first landing at Do∣uer, from thence came priuily (vnknowing to Anselme) to the king, declaring and promising, that if Urbane was re∣ceyued pope in England, whatsoeuer the king required to be obtayned, he by his priuiledge from the Apostolicall sea would ratifie and confirme the same, saue onely that when the king required of the Legate that Anselme might be re∣moued,* 1.46 the Legate therunto would not agree, saying: that was vnpossible to be obtained, that such a man as he, be∣yng lawfully called, should bee expelled without manifest cause. In conclusion so it folowed, that although he could not obtain his request of the Legate, yet y^e Legate wroght so with the king, that Urbane was proclaymed lawfull Pope through all the realme.

Then were sent to Anselmus certain bishops to moue and prooue his mynd, declaring what charges and paynes the kyng had bene at in his behalfe, to procure the pall for hym from Rome, which otherwyse would haue stood him in great expences, and that all this the king hath done for his sake. Wherfore it were good reason and conueniēt, that he (to gratifie the king) should something condescend to his request againe.* 1.47 But with all this, Anselme the stoute Archbishop would not be moued, wherefore the kyng see∣yng none other remedy, was compelled to graunt vnto him y^e full right of his Archbishoprike. And so y^e day apoin¦ted when the palle should be brought to Canterbury (be∣ing caried with all solemnitie in a thing of siluer) the Arch∣bishop with a great concourse of people, came forth bare∣foot,* 1.48 with his priestly vestiments, after a most goodly ma∣ner to meete the same. And so beyng brought in, was layd vppon the aulter, whilest Anselme (spreading ouer hys shoulders his popish vestiments) proceeded vnto his po∣pish masse.

Thus agreement beyng made betwene the kyng and the bishop, so long as it would hold. It happened the yere following, the kyng with his army entred into Wales to subdue such as there rebelled against him. After the victo∣ry gotten, the king returned home agayne with triumph. To whom Anselme thought to haue come,* 1.49 to congratu∣late his prosperous successe. But the king preuented hym by messengers, laying to the bishops charge both the smal number & euil seruice of his souldiours sent to him at hys need. At the hearing hereof, all the hope of Anselme was dasht, who at the same present had thought to haue obtay∣ned & done many great matters with the king touching the state of the Church. But here all turned contrary to his expectation.* 1.50 In so much, that he was charged against the next court of parliament, to make his aunswer. But he a∣uoided that by appealing to Rome. Wherfore he made his sute and friendes to the king for lisence to go to the Pope. Unto the which sute, the king aunswered agayne, that he should not go, neither was there any cause for him so to do for that both he knew him to be of so sound a lyfe, y^t he had done no such offence where of hee needed to craue absolu∣tion at Rome, neither was there any such lacke of science & knowledge, that he neded to borrow any counsel there. In so much (sayth the kyng) that I dare say. Pope Ur∣bane, rather hath to geue place to the wysedome of An∣selme, then Anselme to haue neede of Urbane. Wherefore as he hath no cause to goe, so I charge hym to tary. And if he continue in his stubburnnes still,* 1.51 I wil assuredly season vpon his possessions, and conuert his Archbishoprike vn∣to my cofers: for that he transgresseth and breaketh hys fidelitie and obessaunce, promising before to obserue all the customes of my kyngdome. Neyther is it the fashion in this Realme, that any of my Nobles should goe to Rome without my sending. And therefore, let him sweare vnto me, y^t he shall neyther for any greuance, appeale hereafter to the sea of Rome, or els let him voyde my realme.

Against these wordes of the king, Anselme thinkyng not best to reply agayne by any Message, but by worde of mouth, comming himselfe personally to the kyng, placeth himselfe (after his order) on the right hand of the Prince, where he made his reply vnto the message sent to hym by the kyng.* 1.52 Where as ye say, I ought not to goe to Rome either for lacke of any trespasse, or for aboundance of coun∣saile and knowledge in me (albeit I graunt to neither of them as true) yet what the truth is therein, I referre it to

the iudgement of God. And whereas ye say that I promi∣sed to kepe and obserue your customes: that I graunt, but with a condition: so farre to keepe them, and such of them to obserue, as were consonant to the lawes of God, & ru∣led with right and equitie. Moreouer, whereas ye charge me with breach of my fidelity and allegeance, for that con∣trary to your customes I appeale to the Sea Apostolicke (my reuerence and dutie to your soueraigntie reserued) if an other would say it,* 1.53 that is vntrue. For the fidelitie and obeisaunce that I owe to thee (O King) I haue it of the faith and fidelitie of God, whose Vicare S. Peter is: to whose seat I do appeale. Farther, whereas ye require me to sweare, that I shal for no cause hereafter at any time ap∣peale to Rome: I pronoūce openly that a christian Prince requireth such an othe of his Archbishop vniustly. For if I should forsweare S. Peter, I should denye Christ. And when I shall at any time deny Christ, then shall I be con∣tent and ready to stand to my satisfaction of my transgres∣sion to you, for asking license to goe to Rome. And perad∣uenture when I am gone, the goodes of the Churche shall not so serue your temporal desires and commodities as ye wene for. At these wordes of the Bishop, the king and his nobles were not a little incensed: defending againe, that in obseruing the kinges customes, there was neither con∣dition nor any clause put in, either of God or right. No was, sayde Anselme? If so be that in your customes was neither mention made of God nor of right, whereof was there mention then? For God forbid that any Christian shoulde be bound to any customes, which goe contrary to God and to right: Thus on both sides passed much alter∣cation betwene thē. At length, the king after many threat∣ning wordes, tolde him he should cary nothing out of the realme with him. Well sayde the Bishop, if I may neyther haue my horse, nor garmentes with me, then will I walke on foote.* 1.54 And so addressed him toward his iourney (all the other bishops forsaking him) wherof none would take his part: but if he came to them for their counsaile, they sayd he was wise inough, and needed not their counsaile, as who for his prudence knewe best what was to be done, as also for his holines was willing and able to prosecute the same that he did know. As for them, they neither durst nor wold stand against the king their Lord: whose fauour they could not lacke, for the peril that might happen both to thēselues and to their kinrede. But for him because he was both a stranger, and void of such wordly corruption in him: they willed him to goe forwarde as he had begon, their secrete consent he shoulde haue, but their open voice they woulde not geue him.* 1.55 Thus Anselmus remaining at Douer 15. daies tarying for winde: at last sped him towarde his pas∣sage. But his packing being secretly knowen in the court: the kings officer (William Warlwast) preuented hys pur∣pose:* 1.56 searching by the kings commaundement al his trus∣ses, coffers, satchels, sleeues, purse, napkin and bosome for letters, and for mony, and so let him passe. Who sailing in∣to Fraunce, first rested a while at Lions, from thence came to Rome to complaine to Pope Urbane, according to the tenor and forme of a certaine Epistle of his, wherin among many other thinges in the same Epistle conteined: these wordes he wryteth to Pope Paschalis, the third yere after his banishment, after the death of Urbane, and a little be∣fore the death of the king.

To the Lord and reuerend father Paschalis, high bishop: Anselme seruant of the Churche of Cant. offereth due sub∣iection from his heart, and prayers, if they can stand in any stede. Ex Epist. 36. Paulò post initium.

* 2.1I See in Englād many euils, whose correction belongeth to me, and which I could neither amend, nor suffer with∣out mine owne fault. The king desireth of me, that vnder the name of right I shuld consent to his pleasures, which were against the lawe and wil of God. For he woulde not haue the Pope receaued nor appealed vnto in Englande, without his commaundement: neither that I should send a letter vnto him, or receaue any from him: or that I shuld obey his decrees. He suffered not a Councell to be kept in his realme, now these 13. yeares since he was king. In all these things, and such like, if I asked any counsaile, all my suffragane Byshops of his realme, denied to geue me any counsaile, but according to the kinges pleasure. After that I sawe these and such other thinges,* 2.2 that are done against the will and lawe of God: I asked license of him to goe to Rome, vnto the sea Apostolicall, that I might there take counsaile for my soule, and the office committed to me. The king sayd, that I offended agaynst hym for the onely asking of license: And propounded to me, that eyther I should make hym amendes for the same as a trespasse (as∣suring hym neuer to aske this license any more to appeale to the pope at anye tyme hereafter) or els that I shoulde quickly depart out of hys land.* 2.3 Wherefore chosen rather to goe out of the land•• then to agree to so wicked a thing: I came to Rome, as ye know, and declared the whole mat∣ter to the Lord Pope. The king by and by (as soone, as I went out of England) inuaded the whole Archbishoprike, and turned it to hys owne vse: taxing the monkes onely with bare moate, drinke, and clothe. The king being war∣ned and desired of the Lord Pope to amend this, he contē∣ned the same: and yet continueth in his purpose still.* 2.4 And now is the third yere since I came thus out of Englande and more. Some men not vnderstanding, demaund why I did not excommunicate the king. But the wiser sort, and such as haue vnderstanding counsayle me, that I doe no: this thing: because it belongeth not to me both to com∣playne, and to punish. To conclude, I was forewarned by my frendes that are vnder the king, that my excommu∣nication (if it should be done) would be laughed to scorne and despised &c.

By these here aboue prefixed, appeareth how Anselme the Archbishop comming to Rome, made hys complaynt to the Pope Urbane of the king: and how the Pope wri∣ting to the king in the behalfe of Anselme: hys letters and commaundementes were despised. And now to our story. In the meane tyme while the popes letters were sent to the king, Anselme was byd to wayte about the Pope to looke for an aunswere backe. Who perceauing (at length) how little the king reputed the popes letters, began to be weary of hys office: desiring the pope that he might be dis∣charged thereof. But the Pope in no case woulde thereto consent, chargying hym vpon hys obedience, that where soeuer he went, he shoulde beare with him the name and honour of the Archbishop of Cant. Whereunto, Anselmus agayne sayd, hys obedience, he neyther durst nor woulde refuse, as who for Gods cause, was ready to suffer, what soeuer should happen (yea though it were death itselfe) as he thought no lesse would follow thereof. But what shold we think (sayth he) is there to be done, where not onely iustice taketh no place, but is vtterly oppressed? and where as my suffraganes not onely doe not helpe (for dread) the righteous cause: but also for fauour do impugne the same. Well (sayth the Pope) as touching these matters, we shal sufficiently prouide for at the next Councell at Baron: where as I will you the same tyme and place to be present.* 2.5

When the tyme of the Councell was come, Anselme a∣mong other was called for. Who first sitting in an vtter side of y^e Byshops, afterward was placed at y^e right foote of the Pope, with these wordes: Includamus hunc in orbe no∣stro tanquam alterius orbis Papam. Wherupon the same place after hym was appoynted to the successours of the sea of Cant. (in euery general Councel by the decree of Urbane) to sit at the right foote of the pope. In this Councell, great sturre and much reasoning there was agaynst the Greci∣ans, concerning the matter and order of proceeding of the holy Ghost.* 2.6 Where is to be noted that the Greeke Church hath of long tyme dissented from the Latine church in ma∣ny and sondry poyntes, to the number of xx. or almost xxi••. Articles,* 2.7 as I haue them collected out of the Register of y^e Church of Hereford. Whereof, lyke as occasion hereafter may serue (God willing) for a further & more ample trac∣tation to be made: so here by the waye partly I meane to touch some. The first is.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Anno. 1088.
• * 1.2

  William Rufus.
• * 1.3

  Wolstane Byshop of Worcester.
• * 1.4

  Anno. •• 1091.
• * 1.5

  The death of Lanfras cus Archb. of Canter••
• * 1.6

  Remigios Byshop of Lincolne.
• * 1.7

  Lincolne minster builded.
• * 1.8

  Stow Ab∣bey buil∣ded.
• * 1.9

  Anno. 1092.
• * 1.10

  Wynche∣combe steeple brent with lightning. Vi. hun∣dreth hou∣ses blowne down with wynde. The roofe of Bowe Church o∣uerthrown. Robert Ble∣uet paydv. thousand markes for hys Bishop∣pricke. Herbert Losinga Byshop of Norwiche. Losinga. 1. adulator.
• * 1.11

  Norwiche mynster builded by Herbert.
• * 1.12

  Pope victor the 3.
• * 1.13

  Pope victor poysoned in his chalice. A compari∣sō betwene Hildebrand Pope of Rome: and Ieroboam king of Isra∣ell.
• * 1.14

  The order of Charter monkes be∣gan.
• * 1.15

  Pope Vrba∣nus 2.
• * 1.16

  Two Popes in Rome.
• * 1.17

  The order of Cisterci∣an or whyte monkes be∣ganne.
• * 1.18

  Synodus Ro∣mana vel Placentina.
• * 1.19

  Synodus Claroman∣tana.
• * 1.20

  The viage vnto the holy land. The num∣ber that went. The cap∣taynes of thé whiche went to the holy land.
• * 1.21

  Anno. 1096.
• * 1.22

  The actes of the Chri∣stians in their viage to win Hie∣rusalem.
• * 1.23

  Antioch taken of the Christi∣ans.
• * 1.24

  Anno. 1098.
• * 1.25

  The slaughter of the Persian infidels.
• * 1.26

  Hierusalem conquered by the Christians.
• * 1.27

  Ex Henrie. li. 7.
• * 1.28

  The king of Englands iudg∣ment agaynst the Pope. Ex Math. paris.
• * 1.29

  Decrees of pops Vibanus.
• * 1.30

  Ioan Stella.
• * 1.31

  Nauclerus.
• * 1.32

  Dist. 31. Eos qui 15. 9.6 Iuratos.
• * 1.33

  30. q. 8. quod autem.
• * 1.34

  Example of Gods rightfull iudgement in punishing cruel murther.
• * 1.35

  Anselmus made Archbishop of Cant.
• * 1.36

  The saying of Anselme pon∣dered.
• * 1.37

  The vice of sin∣gularitie.
• * 1.38

  Anselme ill willing to take the Archbishop prick. Canterbury first geuen to the Archbishop wholy. Strife and con∣tention be∣tweene the king and Anselmus.
• * 1.39

  Anselme stop∣ped from hys consecration.
• * 1.40

  Anselme conse∣crated.
• * 1.41

  Anselme doth homage to K. William.
• * 1.42

  Vrbanus and Clemens stri∣uing for the pa∣pacie. England fauou∣red Clemens. Anselmus hol∣deth with Vr∣banus. Anselme denied leaue to goe to Rome. Anselme appea∣leth from the K. to the Pope. Anselme char∣ged for a tray∣tour.
• * 1.43

  The kinges ar∣gument agaynst Anselme. The custome of England, from William Con∣querours time not to Appeale to the Pope. Anselmus reply against the king. The reasons of Anselme to proue the popes authority aboue other kings. Anselme here ignorauntly cal∣leth the Pope the vicare of S. Peter, where the Cānon lawe calleth him but the successour of Peter and vicare of Christ.
• * 1.44

  All the Bishops of the Realme stoode of the kinges side a∣gaynst Ansel∣mus. William Byshop of Duresine.
• * 1.45

  Gualter•••• the Popes legate cum∣meth to England.
• * 1.46

  Anselme could not be remoued by the king. The pope taketh this no fault, for a subiect to repugne a∣gaynst hys king.
• * 1.47

  The stoat∣nes of An∣selme stan∣ding agay•• hys king.
• * 1.48

  The mane•• of bringing in Anselme palle into Cant.
• * 1.49

  An other quarrell of the king a∣gainst An∣selme.
• * 1.50

  Anselme a∣gayne ap∣pealeth to Rome. The king •••• aunswere to Anselme for hys ap∣pealing to Rome.
• * 1.51

  The cu∣stome of England, no prelate or noble man to goe to Rome with out the kinges sen∣ding.
• * 1.52

  The answer of Anselme to the king.
• * 1.53

  Note the bye reasons of Anselm.
• * 1.54

  The By∣shops left Anselme a∣lone.
• * 1.55

  Anselme flying out of England.
• * 1.56

  Anselme searched by the kinges officer for letten.
• * 2.1

  A fragment or portion of a letter of Anselme to Pope Pas∣chalts. Et ex legen∣da Ans. aut Edmero. Ex Epistol. An∣selm. 36.
• * 2.2

  The king would not haue the pope recea∣ued, nor ap∣pealed vnto in England.
• * 2.3

  Anselme com∣playneth of the K. & of hys suf∣fragane By∣shops.
• * 2.4

  The king con∣temneth the Popes warning.
• * 2.5

  Concilium Ba∣ronēse. Anselme and hys successours of Cant. placed at the right foot of the pope in generall coun∣cels.
• * 2.6

  De processione spiritus sancti.
• * 2.7

  The difference betweene the greeke Church and the latine.