Actes and monuments of matters most speciall and memorable, happenyng in the Church. [vol. 1] with an vniuersall history of the same, wherein is set forth at large the whole race and course of the Church, from the primitiue age to these latter tymes of ours, with the bloudy times, horrible troubles, and great persecutions agaynst the true martyrs of Christ, sought and wrought as well by heathen emperours, as nowe lately practised by Romish prelates, especially in this realme of England and Scotland. Newly reuised and recognised, partly also augmented, and now the fourth time agayne published and recommended to the studious reader, by the author (through the helpe of Christ our Lord) Iohn Foxe, which desireth thee good reader to helpe him with thy prayer.

¶Mahumetes second, the ix. after Ottomanus.

* 1.1AMurathes left behind him three sonnes, Mahumete borne of the daughter of Despota, Prince of Seruia, being twentie yeares of age, the second sonne called Tur∣cines, the third named Calepinus. This Turcines being an infant, and but eighteene moneths old, was strangled at the commandement of the Turke, by his seruant Mo∣ses, himselfe being there present, and beholding the hor∣rible murther. And when Moses the executour of y^e mur∣ther had desired him not to pollute his handes with the bloud of his brother,* 1.2 he answered, that it was the manner of all the Ottoman Turkes, that all the other breethren being destroied, none should be lefte aliue but one to go∣nerue the Empire. Wherefore Moses was commaunded by the tirant, there presently, and in his sight, to kill the infant. This horrible fact when the mother of the childe vnderstoode, she crieng out, and almost mad for sorrowe, cursed the tirant to his face. But he to mitigate the rage of his mother, at her request being desirous to be reuenged vpon the executour of her sonnes death, deliuered the said Moses bound into her hands, who then in the presence of the tirant, thrust him to the hart with a knife, and opening his side, tooke out his liuer, and threw it to the dogges to be deuoured.

The third sonne called Calepinus, which was but sixe moneths old, the foresaid Amurathes his father commen∣ded to the custody of Halibassa one of his Nobles,* 1.3 who to gratifie and please y^e tirant, betraied the infant, & brought him vnto him, and thereupon he at the tirants comman∣dement was strangled. Some affirme, that in the stead of Calepinus, another child was offered vnto the tirant, and that Calepinus was conueied to Constantinople, and af∣ter the taking of Constantinople, was caried to Uenice, and then to Rome to Pope Calixt, where he was bapti∣sed, and afterward came into Germany to Fridericke the Emperour,* 1.4 and there was honorably enterteined, & kept in Austrich during his life. Where note how the mercifull prouidence of God, whom he list to saue, can fetch out of y^e diuels mouth. And note moreouer touching the foresayde Halibassa the betraier of y^e infant, how he escaped not vn∣reuēged: For Mahumet vnderstanding him to be a man of great substance and richesse, thorough forging of false crimes, with great torments put him to death to haue his richesse: for this tirant was geuen to insatiable auarice. Thus this bloudy Mahumete began his regiment with horrible murther, after y^e example of other cursed tirants his predecessours.

Although this Mahumete, notwithstandyng that hee came of a Christen mother, being the daughter of Despota prince of Seruia, and by her was brought vp and instruc∣ted from his childhood in the precepts of Christian religiō and maners, yet he soone forgetting all, gaue himselfe to Mahumetes religion, and yet so, that he being addicted to neyther Religion, became an Atheist, beleeuing and wor∣shipping no God at all, but onely the Goddesse of good Fortune, irriding and mocking y^e mindes and iudgemēts of men, which beleue that God by his prouidence, gouer∣neth and regardeth the state of humaine things on earth.

After that this Mahumete heard of the victories and conquests of other his predecessours, and had vnderstan∣ding how Baiazetes lay eight yeares about Constanti∣nople, and could not winne it: he dispraising Baiazetes, and disdaining that so long time should be spent aboute the siege thereof,* 1.5 and yet no victory gotten, bent all hys studie and deuice how to subdue the same. But first hauing a priuie hatred against the Citie of Athens, and hauing his hands lately embrued with the bloud of his brethren, this murthering Mahumete first of all taketh his v••age to subuert and destroy the Citie aforesaid, being a famous Schoole of all good learning and discipline. Against the which Citie he did so furiously rage for the hatred of good letters,* 1.6 that he thought he ought not to suffer the founda∣tion thereof to stand, because that Citie was a good nursse and fosterer of good Artes and Sciences: wherefore, he commaunded the Citie to be rased, and vtterly subuer∣ted: and wheresoeuer any monuments or bookes could be found, he caused them to be cast into durty sinkes, and the filthiest places of the Citie, or put to the most vile vses that could be deuised,* 1.7 for extirping and abolishing of all good literature, and if he vnderstood any to lament the case and ruine of that noble place, those he greeuously puni∣shed and put to death.

Thus the famous and auncient Schoole of Athens be∣ing destroied and ouerthrowne, he returned his army & power into Thracia, where in all haste he gathering hys power together both by sea & by lād,* 1.8 with a mighty mul∣titude compassed the Citie of Constantinople about, and began to lay his siege against it, in the yeare of our Lord 1453. and in the 54. day of the said siege it was taken, sac∣ked, and the Emperour Cōstantinus slaine. As touching the cruelty and fearcenes of the Turkes in getting of this City, and what slaughter there was of men, women, and children, what calamitie and misery was there to be sene, for somuch as sufficient relation, with a full description thereof,* 1.9 hath bene made before, pag. 708. it shall be super∣fluous now to repeate the same. This only is not to be o∣mitted touching three principall causes of the ouerthrow of this City: whereof was the first the filthy auarice of those Citizens, which hiding their treasures in the groūd, would not imploy the same to y^e necessary defence of their City. For so I finde it in story expressed, that when the Turke, after the taking of y^e City, had found not so much treasure as he looked for, suspecting with himselfe (as the truth was) the treasures and riches to be hidden vnder the ground, commaunded the earth to be digged vp, and the foundations of the houses to be searched: where when he had found treasures incredible,* 1.10 what (quoth he) how could it be that this place could euer lacke inunition and fortification, which did flow and abound with such great riches as heere is, and plenty of all things? The second cause was the absence of the Nauy of the Uenetiās, which if they had bene ready in time, might haue bene a safegard against the inuasion of the enemies. A third cause also may be gathered vpon occasion incident in stories, either for that the City of Constantinople fifteene yeares before did yeeld to the Bishop of Rome,* 1.11 as is before to be seene, pag. 76. or else because (as in some writers it is euident) that Images were there receaued & mainteined in their Churches, and by the Turkes the same time destroyed.

Ioannes Ramus writing of the destructiō of this Ci∣tie,* 1.12 amongst other matters maketh relation of the Image of the Crucifixe,* 1.13 being there in y^e high temple of Sophia: which Image the Turke tooke, and writing this super∣scription vpon the head of it Hic est Christianorum Deus. 1. This is the God of the Christians, gaue it to his souldi∣ours to be scorned, and commaunding the sayde Image with a trumpet to be carried through all his army, made euery man to spit at it most contumeliously. Wherein thou hast (good Reader) by the way to note,* 1.14 what occasion of selaunder and offence we Christians geue vnto the bar∣barous Infidels by this our vngodly superstition, in ha∣uing Images in our temples, contrary vnto the expresse commandement of God in his word. For if Saint Paule writing to the Corinthians, faith: we knowe Christ now no more after the flesh: how much lesse then is Christ to be knowne of vs in blind stockes and Images set vp in our Temples, seruing for none other purpose, but for the In∣fidels to laugh both vs & our God to scorne,* 1.15 and to pro∣uoke Gods vengeance? which by y^e like example (I feare) may also fall vpon other Cities, where such Images and Idolatrous superstition is mainteined, whereof God graunt Uienna to take heede betime, which hath bene so long, and yet is in such great danger of the Turke, and polluted with so many Images, and plaine Idolatric.

In summa,* 1.16 to make the story short, such was the cruelty of these Turkes in winning the Citie, that when Mahu∣mete had geuen licence to the souldiours three dayes to∣gether, to spoile, to kill and to do whatsoeuer they listed,

there was no corner in all Constantinople, which did not either flow with Christian bloud, or else was polluted w^t abhominable abusing of maids, wiues & matrones, with∣out al reuerēce of nature. Of the which Citizēs, some they murthered, some they rosted vpon spits, of some they fley∣ed off their skin, hanging thē vp to consume with famine, of othersome they put salt into their woūds, the more ter∣ribly to torment them, insomuch, that one of them conten∣ded with another who could deuise most strange kinds of new torments and punishments,* 1.17 exercising such crueltie vpon them, that the place where the Citie was before, see∣med now to be no citie, but a slaughter house or shambles of Christian mens bodies. Amōg the dead bodies, the bo∣dy also of Constantine the Emperour was found: whose head being brought to Mahun 〈◊〉〈◊〉, he commaunded to be caried vpon a speare through the whole City for a publike spectacle & decision to all the Turkish army. And because he would diminish the number of the captiues, which see∣med to him to be very great, he neuer rose from his table, but he put euery day some of the nobles to death, no lesse to fill his cruell minde with bloud,* 1.18 then his body was fil∣led with wine: which he vsed so long to do as any of the nobles of that Citie was left aliue: And of the other sorte also, as the stories do credibly report, there passed no day, in the which he did not orderly slay more then three hun∣dreth persons, the residue he gaue to his rascal souldiours to kill, and to do with them what they would. Where is to be noted, that as Constantinus the sonne of Helena, was the first Emperour of Constantinople, so Constantinus the sonne also of Helena, was the last Emperour thereof.

* 1.19Not farre from the said Citie of Constantinople, there was another little City called Pera, & once called Galla∣tia, situated by the Sea side: who hearing of the miserable destruction of Constantinople, and seing the City flaming with fire, sent certain of their chiesmē with speed to Ma∣humete, declaring vnto him that they neither had sent any helpe to the City of Constantinople, neither yet wrought any detrimēt to any of his army: wherefore they desired & praied him, that as they would gladly yeeld vnto him, so he would be fauourable vnto thē and spare them, & not to punish the giltles with the gilty. Mahumete, although he was not ignoraunt that for feare, rather then of any good will, they submitted themselues, and that they would ra∣ther resist him if they had ben able, yet he receiued for that time, the submission of the messengers: but sending wyth them his Embassadour into the Citie, he commanded al∣so his army to follow withall, and to enter with him into the City, which, although it was greatly suspected & m••s∣liked of y^e Citizens,* 1.20 yet they durst no otherwise do, but suf∣fer them to enter: which beeing done, the Embassadour gaue a signe to y^e souldiours, euery man to do whatsoeuer he was bidden, of whom, some ranne to the walles, some to the temples and Churches, some to y^• streetes & houses of the City, plucking all things downe to y^e grounde, sac∣king and raūging with no lesse fury and abhominable fil∣thines, then they had done at Cōstantinople before, sauing only that they absteined frō murther:* 1.21 but the same day let∣ters came from Mahumete to the Embassadour, that he should spare none, but destroy and murther all that euer were in the Citie: which message, because it seemed to the Embassadour to be too cruell, forsomuch as they had yeel∣ded thēselues, he staied his hand a little vntill night came. In the meane time drunken Mahumete comming some∣thing to himselfe (whome drunkennes had before ouer∣come) sent his second letters to reuoke the first. Where a∣gaine is to be noted the mercifull prouidence of God towardes his people in their deserued plagues, by staieng the handes, and brideling the fury many times of their enemies, when otherwise the case seemeth to be past all remedy.

Mahumete thus beeing in himselfe not a little aduan∣ced and eleuated by the winning of Cōstantinople,* 1.22 where he had now made the Imperiall seat of the Turkish domi∣nion, the third yeare next folowing, to aduēture more ma∣steries, he set out to y^• siege of Belgradum, a City of Hun∣gary, lieng neare to the bankes of Danubius, thinking to haue the like successe there, as he had in the winning of Constantinople, albeit through the Lords disposing, it sel out much otherwise. Within the Citie of Belgradum the same time of the siege thereof, was Ioannes Huniades the valiant Captaine, of whom in diuers places mentiō hath bene made before, who with a sufficient strength of piked souldiours, albeit in number nothing equal to the Turks army, valiātly defended the City with great courage, and no lesse successe. In the which siege great diligēce was be∣stowed, and many of the Turkes slaine. Amōg whom al∣so Mahumere himselfe, being stroken with a pellet vnder the left arme, was faine to be caried out of y^e field for halfe dead, and the rest so put to flight, that of the Turkes the same time were destroyed to the number, or not much vn∣der the number of 40. thousād,* 1.23 besides the losse of all their ordinaunce, which the Turkes in hast of their flight, were forced to leaue behinde them.

Hieronymus Zieglerus writyng of the siege of this Belgradum,* 1.24 addeth moreouer, that whē Mahumete was at the siege therof, seyng the towne to be so small & w••ake of it selfe, that it could not be won with all his great mul∣titude, he staryng and faryng like a mad man, commaun∣ded all his brasen peeces to be layd, to battare downe the walles and Towers of the Towne: So that the Christi∣ans within the walles were vehemently distressed, for the siege continued both night and day without intermission. Amōg y^e rest of the Christians which defended the towne.* 1.25 Hieronymus Zieglerus maketh mentiō of a certaine Bo∣hemian, much worthy of his condigne cōmendation: Who beyng vpon the walles, and seyng a Turke with a bāner or ensigne of the Turkes to be gottē vp, by the sight wher of the whole Towne was in daunger to be cōquered and taken, runneth vnto the Turke, and claspyng him about the middle, speakyng to Iohn Capistranus standyng by low, asking him, whether it were any daunger of damna∣tion to him, if he of his voluntary mynde, did cast himselfe with that dogge (so he termed him) downe headlong from the wall, to be slayne with him: what should become of his soule, and whether he might be saued or not. To whō when the other had aunswered that hee should be saued without doubt, hee estsoones tombleth him selfe with the Turke, downe of the wall, where by his death he saued the same tyme, the lyfe of all the Citie: Mahumete beyng so wounded and in dispayre of wynnyng the Citie, was caryed (as ye heard) out of the field. Who at length com∣myng agayne to himselfe,* 1.26 partly for feare and partly for shame, was ready to kill himselfe. And thus was y^e towne of Belgradum at that tyme rescued through Gods proui∣dence, by the meanes of Ioannes Hunianes and this good Bohemian.

This siege of Belgradū begā in the yeare of the Lord. 1456. and endured.* 1.27 46. dayes. At the which siege were nū∣bred of the Turkes. 200. thousand. Of whom more then 40. thousand (as is aforesayd) were slayne: where the vic∣tory fell to the Christians through the prosperous successe geuen of God to Ioannes Huniades, & Capistranus. Which Huniades not long after the sayd victory,* 1.28 through the im∣portune labour and trauaile in defendyng the sayd towne, was taken with a sore sickenesse and thereof departed, to whose valiaunt prowes and singular courage, stories doe geue great land and commendation.

Mahumetes the Turke after this done in Europe,* 1.29 re∣turned into Asia to warre, with Vsumcassanes a Persian, one of the Turkes stocke with whō he had three battailes. The first was about the Riuer Euphrates, where the Turke lost 10. thousand men, and was put to the worse. In the second field likewise he was discomsited. The third battaile was at Arsēga, where through the terrible noyse of the brasen peeces, the Persian horses disturbed the cāpe, and so was Vsumcassanues ouercome.* 1.30

From thence the Turke reduced agayne his power a∣gainst the Christians, and first subdued vnto him Synope and all Paphlagonia: Also the kingdome of Trapezunce, which he besiegyng both by land and water, wanne from the Christians, and sent Dauid the kyng of the same with his two sonnes and Calus his vncle, vnto Constantino∣ple, where they were miserably and cruelly put to death, & all the stocke of the Conneni, which were of the kynges stocke, by the Turke were destroyed. Whiche was about the yeare of our Lord. 1459. at which tyme this mischie∣uous Mahumete was first saluted Emperour.

Not long after, he got from the Grecians Corinthus and Mitylene, not without great slaughter of Christen men: in somuch that the whole Citie of Mitylene was vt∣terly to the grounde almost destroyed. The Isles also of Lemnus & Lesbos he wanne from the Venetians: In the which Ilād of Lesbos is the Citie of Mitylene aforesayd.

Not farre frō this Ile of Lesbos and Mitylene, there is a countrey in Asia toward the sea side borderyng next to Europe,* 1.31 called Mysia, or of some called Moesia, wherein stode the Citie of Troye. This countrey Mahumete coue∣ting to wynne rather by policie & falshode, then by doubt∣full daunger of warre, secretly sent for the Prince therof to come to speake with him for certaine causes (as he preten∣ded) which should concerne the profite and commoditie of thē both. Which when the king of Mysia, either for shame would not, or for feare durst not denye, he came to him as to conferre vpon necessary affaires in commō to them ap∣pertaining. Mahumete when he had brought that to passe

which he would, he caused the king to be apprehended, and cruelly to be slaine, or rather torne in peeces: and so inuading the land of Misia, exercised the like tyrannie vpō all his kindred and affinitie.

This Misia by fraude being taken and lost, Mahu∣mere flieth againe toward Europe, where he assailed the Iland Euboia, otherwise called Nigroponte, making a bridge of a marueilous frame ouer the sea Euripus, to conuey ouer his army out of Grecia, and there laide his siege to the Citie Chalcis,* 1.32 which at length in thirty dayes he ouercame, not without a great slaughter of his army: who in y^c siege thereof is said to haue lost 40. thousand of y^e Turkes. But y^e slaughter of the Christians was greater: for when the City was won,* 1.33 the tirant commanded most cruelly, none to be spared within the whole citie, but to be put to the sword, whosoeuer was aboue the age of twenty yeares. This cruelty was shewed of y^e barbarous Tirant for anger and fury, because such a number of his Turkes were slaine at the siege therof,* 1.34 being reckned (as is said) to 40. thousand. In the fierce siege of this Citie, it is memo∣rable that is in stories recorded, how that the women of that Citie,* 1.35 seeing the men to begin to faint, and the Citie to lie in present danger, tooke the matter themselues in hand, and plaieng the men, went to the walles, and there defended the Citie with no lesse trouble to the enemie, then the men had before done, and so for a space continued, so long as any mans strength and diligence could do anie good. A great cause of the losse of this Citie and Iland, is imputed to the cowardly timidity of the Venetians nauy: who being there present, and hauing prosperous winde, yet durst not, or would not aduenture vpon the Turkes bridge, which if they had done, the Iland of Euboia and Chalcis, had not so soone bin ouermatched of the Turks.

Thus all the East partes of Grecia being subdued to y^e Turkish tiraunt, with all Achaia, Attica, Acarnania, & Euboia,* 1.36 shortly after folowed also Peloponesus, brought in like subiection to the Turke. Within this Peloponesus were these prouinces conteined, Achaia, Messenia, Laco∣nia, Argolica, and Archadia, &c. The Venetiās in this Pe∣loponesus had great possessions, and had made vp the wall againe toward the Sea side, neare to the streites of Corinth before mentioned, where for the more speede of the worke, they had 30. thousand workemen to the buil∣ding thereof, which when it came to the knowledge of the Turke, he brast into the countrey of Peloponesus wyth an army of 80. thousand, and first wasting the regions of the Coroneans, and Methoneans, and making a greate slaughter of the Venetians, in short time he brought the whole dominiō of Peloponesus vnder his yoke & tribute.

Long it is and more lamentable to recite all the victo∣ries of this Mahumete gotten against the Christiās both by land & sea: who after he had ouercome the Ile Lesbos aboue mentioned, and had cruelly slaine Nicolaus Cata∣lusius the Prince thereof, turning his army towarde the sea of Pontus Euxinus,* 1.37 got the countrey of Capha from the Genuans. Before was declared how truce was taken betweene Georgius Scanderbeius, and the Turke for ten yeares: which truce being expired, Mahumete leaueth no time vnspēt, no diligence vnsought, but maketh all his power to Epyrus & Albania, which he after long fatiga∣tion of siege, at length ouercame and subdued. In y^• which tract also he wanne from the Venetians, Scodra, Lysson and Dinastrum. Notwithstanding, when Scanderbeius the valiant Captaine had done against the Turke what in mans strength did lie, yet being ouermatched with po∣wer and multitude, seeing no possibilitie to make his par∣tie good,* 1.38 was forced to depart his countrey as an exile, and went to Italy, & there being sent for by y^• Popes letters, openly declared not to be possible otherwise to resist y^e fu∣rious rage of the barbarous Turkes by the strength of a∣ny one king or prince, vnlesse all Europe, with one cōsent shuld ioine their power & force together. And thus Geor∣gius Scanderbeius, a man of puissant courage, being dri∣uen out of his countrey, continued his age in exile. Whose courage & vehemency is reported to haue bin such, that in fighting against y^• barbarous enemie, for very egernes of spirit,* 1.39 his bloud was seene to burst out of his lippes. It is testified also of him, that being prouoked, he neither denied to fight, and in his fighting, neuer turned his backe, ney∣ther yet was euer wounded, but onely once with a lyght shaft in his foote, neither euer set against the Turke wyth moe then 6000. horsemen,* 1.40 and 3000. footemen: who is said with his owne hand to haue slaine aboue 2000. Turkes, whome with such violence he did strike, that many of thē he did cleane asunder from the head to the middle.

Neither yet was the vnsatiable greedines of thys Turkish helbound with all this satisfied, but still he con∣ceiued greater things in his minde, thynking to conquere the whole world, and so passing forward towards Eu∣rope, subdued all Illiria, slaieng Stephanus the King of Bosna,* 1.41 about the yeare of our Lord 1463. But afterwarde Mathias Coruinus, the sonne of Huniades afore menti∣oned, recouered againe the said kingdome of Bosna, with many other Cities neare vnto Croacia and Dalmatia, and moreouer repulsed Mahumete the Turke in his se∣cond siege of Iaiza, taking his tents and munitions lefte behinde him.

Moreouer, the sayd Mahumete passing vnto Walachia, set vpon Dracula the Prince thereof, by which Dracula, although he had no great power of souldiours, yet he so inclosed & enuironed y^e Turke, that he had almost lost his whole army, of whom a great part notwithstanding was destroied, and many of his ensignes taken. Into Dalma∣tia was sent two Captaines of the Turke, who fighting against the prouinces of y^e Venetians,* 1.42 made great spoyle and waste about y^e regions of Stiria & Carinthia: where also the Venetian power was discomfited, & Hieronimus Nouell their Captaine slaine. At length truce was taken betweene y^e Turke & the Venetians, vpon this conditiō, that Scodra, Tenarus, & Lemnus should be yeelded vn∣to him, and that they shoulde pay to him yearely 8. thou∣sand duckets for the free passage of their Marchants.

After this peace concluded with the Venetians, Ma∣humete himselfe saileth ouer into Asia, sending two of his great captaines abroad to sundry places: of whom, Mesi∣thes was sent against y^e Rhodes w^t a mighty nauie. The other called Acomates Bassa was sent into Italy to take Rome and all the West Empire.* 1.43 Concerning the viage of which two Captaines, this was the euent, that Mesithes after his great trauaile and bloudy siege against y^e Rhodi∣ans, was faine to retire at length with great shame and losse. The other Captaine Acomates (as is said) was sent into Italy, with a nauie of a hundreth Ships, and fifteene thousand men,* 1.44 who by the way in his sailing got Leuca∣dia (which now they call S. Maure) Cephalenia, and Za∣cynthus, and sayling by Fauelona, arriued in Apulia, and so passing along by the sea side, spoiled and wasted diuers parts by the coast, till at length he came to Hidruntum, a City of Calabria in Italy, which after long siege he ouer∣came and subdued, and brought such a terrour into all I∣taly, that the Pope forgetting all other things, yet mind∣full of himselfe, with all haste fled out of Rome. After the Citie of Hydruntum was taken, and the Turkes placed in the same, which was the yeare of our Lord 1481. Ma∣thias Coruinus Huniades son was sent for by the Itali∣ans, to set vpon the said Citie: vnto the rescue whereof, when Acomates was about to make his returne with 25. thousand Turkes, in the meane time newes came y^t Ma∣humete the great Turke was dead, by reason wherof the siege brake vp, and y^• Citie was deliuered to the Italians againe,* 1.45 and so was Italy deliuered at that time out of that present perill and daūger. This Mahumete wanne from the Christians 200. Cities, and twelue kingdomes, and two Empires, which he ioined both together. He died in the yeare abouesayd, anno. 1481.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Mahumetes the 9. turke after Ottomannus.
• * 1.2

  The tyranny of Mahumets in murthering hys brethren.
• * 1.3

  Halibassa a trai∣tour to his mai∣ster.
• * 1.4

  Horrible pari∣cide of the ab∣hominable turke Gods prouidece can fetch out of the deuils mouth whom he list to saue. Note here gods punishment vp∣on the betraer of innocent bloud.
• * 1.5

  Mahumete first setteth vpon Ath••••
• * 1.6

  The fury of Mahumete the turke a∣gaynst the Citie and schoole of Athens.
• * 1.7

  Athens de∣stroyed.
• * 1.8

  The siege & taking of Constanti∣nople.
• * 1.9

  Vid. supra. pag. 708.
• * 1.10

  Ex Ioanne Ramo lib. 2. rerum Tur∣cicarum.
• * 1.11

  Vid. supra. pag. 67.
• * 1.12

  Ex Ramo.
• * 1.13

  An image of the Crucifix in Constan∣tinople.
• * 1.14

  What ossen∣ces be giuen to the infi∣dels, by I∣mages in Christian Churches.
• * 1.15

  Vienna ad∣monished.
• * 1.16

  The cruell murther by the turkes in the citie of Constan∣tinople.
• * 1.17

  A lamenta∣ble destruc∣tion of the Citie of Constanti∣nople.
• * 1.18

  The bloudie cruelty of the turk against the Christi∣an captiues.
• * 1.19

  The citie of Pera yel∣deth it selfe for feare to the turke.
• * 1.20

  The citie of Pera spoy∣led.
• * 1.21

  Dronken Mahumete false of pro∣mise. The merci∣full proui∣dence of God in sa∣uing his people.
• * 1.22

  Constanti∣nople made the imperial seat of the turke. The siege of Belgradum in Hungary. Ioan. Huni∣ades.
• * 1.23

  40000. turkes slain at the siege of Belgradum.
• * 1.24

  Ex Hier. Zie∣glero, in lib. de illustrab. virts Germa c•• 98.
• * 1.25

  The noble act of a Bohemian in defence of his countrey.
• * 1.26

  The towne of Belgradium va∣liauntly defen∣ded from the turke.
• * 1.27

  200. thousand turkes at the siege of Belgra∣dum.
• * 1.28

  The decease of Ioannes Hunia∣des.
• * 1.29

  The turkes war against Vsum∣cassanos.
• * 1.30

  The turke agayn returneth a∣gainst the Chri∣stians.

  Synope, Paph∣lagonia, Trapezuntus gotten of the turkes.

  Dauid Empe∣rour of Trape∣zuntus with hys two sonnes and vncle cruelly killed of the turke.

  Corinthus, Mi∣tylene, Lesbos. Lemnus subdu∣ed of the turke.
• * 1.31

  The falshood •••• the wretched turke agaynst the Prince of Mysia. The crueltie of the turke against the kyng of Mysia.
• * 1.32

  The siege of Chalcis in Eu∣boia.
• * 1.33

  The cruell tyrā∣ny of the turke against the City of Chalcis.
• * 1.34

  Ex Ioanne Ra∣mo de rebus Turcicis.
• * 1.35

  The noble stra∣tageme of wo∣men in defen∣ding that Citie.
• * 1.36

  Peloponesus, Achaia, Messe∣nia, Laconia, Argolica, Ar∣chadia, Christen prouinces in Grecia, subdued of the turke.
• * 1.37

  Capha taken of the turke.
• * 1.38

  The counsayle of Scanderbeius, how to fight a∣gainst the turke.
• * 1.39

  A notable ex∣ample of singu∣lar courage in a Captaine.
• * 1.40

  The commen∣dation of Scan∣derbeius agaynst the turkes.
• * 1.41

  Mathias the sonne of Huniades.
• * 1.42

  Stiria, Ca∣rinthia, ta∣ken of the turke.
• * 1.43

  Rhodes be∣sieged.
• * 1.44

  Lencadia, Cephalenia Zacinthus, Fauelona, taken of the turke. The pope flyeth for feare of the turke. Hydruntum taken.
• * 1.45

  These two Empires were Con∣stantinople and Trape∣zunce.