Honor rediviuus [sic] or An analysis of honor and armory. by Matt: Carter Esq.

The Analysis of Armory.

I Have, with as much brevity, as so copious a Theam would admit, run through all the distinctions of Honor. In the next place, I shall with as great a contracti∣on, lay down the emblems of those distinctions, and atchievements due to No∣bility, and the reward of virtue, in the metho∣dicall rules of Armory. Bearing of Arms at this time, being the only externall distinction of de∣grees and qualities, amongst all civill Societies and Common-wealths.

From whence we received this custom, is uncertain, if especially, we look to the produ∣cing of it into rule and form: As it is from imitation, Sir John Fern is of opinion, that we did borrow it from the Egyptians; meaning from their Hieroglyphicks.

Others will have, that the first institution of these honorable differences, was amongst the Israelites; but however, it is not much material to this discourse, to be too inquisitive of the

originall in that kind, since succession of time hath converted it into another custom; which may be, for ought I know, in imitation of the Romans: who were accustomed upon triumphs or festivalls, to produce the Statues of their Ancestors, as the pedigree of their Generous race.

Which Statues were not, (as some may ima∣gine) erected from the voluntary phansie of the parties represented, as is the leaving our Pictures behind us when we dye, to our pro∣geny; (so might every phlegmatick, me∣chanick do:) but they were such, as were, for some Heroick act, allowed as a publick reward of virtue, which was customary amongst them.

And truly, although every good Subject ought to be alwayes prepared alike, to offer his body and mind unto the service of the Common-wealth, without hope or expectation of mercenary reward, honor, or glory; yet is honor a necessary perquisite to a Crown and Common-wealth, being in it self a true spur to generosity.

Out of which respect, the Romans joyned the two Temples of Honor, and Virtue, in such a manner, that no man could enter into that of Honor, without, first passing through the other of Virtue.

Sir John Ferns opinion is, that the first that imployed these Ensignes in this nature, was Alexander the Great; so to distinguish those

that had done any memorable Acts, that they might urge an emulation in their fellow Soul∣diers.

It is said of Epaminondas, and Othraydes, that being ready to dye, they wrote their glorious exployts upon their shields themselves; to give 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to others, to follow their 〈◊〉〈◊〉 when they were dead.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 believes, that Charls the Great was the first that put them into this methodicall order; which doubtlesse, could not be, if, as Sir John Fern saith also, that Julius Caesar con∣stituted an office of Feciales.

But I find it in another Author, to be insti∣tuted by Numa, when he made warre upon the Fidenates, a people of Latium.

However, it is a generall opinion amongst our most judicious Heralds, that the bearing of Arms, as a badge of honor amongst us, was not till about the time of Henry the third, although many coats have been 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in some Wri∣ters, of much longer standing; as that of Hugh Lupus, Earl of Chester, in the time of the Conqueror, a Woolfs head errased: of Gilbert de Gaunt, Earl of Kime, long before, Barry of 6. Or & Az. over all a bend Gule. Which are 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of by Sir John Fern: But how authentick his Authority might have been to him, to cause his insertion; or his to others, I know, not; but I shall be bold to insert one, which may chance carry some weight with it, which I shall raise from a Noble Family in the

North; the family of the Hiltons, (whose an∣tiquity, (not only by an ancient pedegree, which I have seen taken out of the Office; but by the Records of the Tower) doth pro∣duce the noblest descent that I know any Fa∣mily in England;) the pedegree is too large, to be inserted in this place, else I would do it; however shall extract some notes from it, that may signifie as much.

The first, that I find recorded of the Fa∣mily, was Sir William Hilton, Knight, who marrying the daughter of Sir John Grisly, Knight, (a Family long since I think extinct) had is∣sue Adam Hilton: Which Adam living in the time of King Athelstan, gave to the Mona∣stery of Hartlepool, a Pix or Crucifix, which was in weight twenty five ounces of Silver, and caused his Armes to be engraven on it; Arg. two barres Azure, which are yet seen upon the Gate of Hilton Castle, in the Bishopr. of Dur. where they lived, with a Moses head for Creast; the Gate and the Chappel, (which is very stately for its structure and bignesse) are the only parts remaining of the ancient building. He gave unto the same Monastery, a Cope & Vest∣ment with the Stole; and the like gift unto the two Monasteries, of Whitby and Gisbrough, with fifty seven ounces of silver to make Cen∣sors. They were five descents before the Con∣quest; and hath now the nine and twentieth descent surviving. In which line were twenty four Knights, eighteen whereof were in a con∣tinued succession.

But I leave this nicety to more criticall judgments to determine the thing, having for authority custom sufficient to make it a law within it self, without the derivation of any originall institution. Former ages ha∣ving esteemed the Laws of Heraldry with as great a veneration as any in the Nation; as indeed it ought still to be, and more especi∣ally in these, and all such times as ours, the Court of Heraldry being not onely the Law-gi∣ver to Honor, but the best record of Families and Inheritances, (though the Gentry of this Land are too dull to know it) since Coat-Ar∣mor hath been hereditary, as it hath ever since the time of Lewis Le-grosse (according to the account of Sir John Fern and Guillim:) As by one instance I shall declare; If a man being an Orphan, and, by such times as ours have been, the Records of what Estate did rightly belong to him, and from his Ancestors, may be burnt, plundered, or otherwise embeselled, and by such spirits, as such times do plentifully af∣ford, have been obtruded from his right, and hath nothing to plead for it, this Office being the just Record of his Pedigree, would pro∣duce an Evidence sufficient, though from many generations his misfortunes have descended: More particularly of the Office in another place.

As for the progresse of Armory, I have pitcht upon the most methodicall course I could, disposing it into severall divisions

and to every division adding its varieties, as in the succeeding Scutcheons will appear; that I have crowded many severals into one Scut∣cheon, is to contract the generall into lesser bulk.

The form of placing the devices of Arms on Escutcheons, is from the antient Shields; and therefore called an Escutcheon from the word Scutum.

They are also called Coats of Arms from the custome of the Antients, embroidering their Devises on the Coats they wore over their Arms.

For the form, or rules, for the shape of Shields, there can be none; for, any form that a Shield may be devised into, may be taken for the shape of an Escutcheon.

And next, for the rules of Blazoning, there are not many, but every thing to be called ac∣cording to their denomination; excepting such as by antiquity have continued other names then our vulgar Language doth now give. And again, observing a method from their severall po∣stures and positions in the Shield, which gives a severall tearm, and must be very carefully re∣garded; for the adding or diminishing the least punctilio, makes the Coat so much ano∣ther thing, that should another man own it, he could not be question'd for it.

And although Sir John Fern gives this defini∣tion of it: Blazonia est recitatio, vel commemora∣tio alicujus virtutis; & quempiam, sub quibus∣dam

〈◊〉〈◊〉 abunde, & vere laudare, aut deco∣rum dicere: Yet our latter times have prescri∣bed a rule of avoiding, in any case of Blazoning, as much as may be, multiplicity of words, especially such as are impertinent: This is also * 1.1 called Martialling a Coat, though that is a word by some esteemed onely to be used when many Coats are disposed or quartered in one Shield.

Iterations of words are also to be avoided; and in Blazoning a Coat, the Field must ever be first exprest, and then the Charge; and in that what possesseth the greatest part, or nearest the center of the Shield, first.

As for the diversity of kinds of Blazon, though by no greater authority than custom of some men, there is three made, By Colours * 1.2 and Metals, pretious Stones, and Planets; the manner of blazoning thereby, making a distin∣ction betwixt private Gentlemen, Persons en∣nobled with dignity, and Royall Families.

Or	Topaz	Sol
Arg.	Pearl	Luna
Sab.	Diamond	Saturn
Gul	Rubie	Mars
Azure	Saphir	Jupiter
Ver	Emrald	Venus
Purpur	〈◊〉〈◊〉	Mercury
Fenne	Jacynth	Dragon's head
Sanguin	Sardonix	Dragon's tail

But this is onely a fantastick humor of our Nation, and for my part I shall avoid it as ri∣diculous, being no where in the world used but here; and not here by any judicious He∣rald. That I insert it, it is to leave it to those humors that will make use of it.

For the order, according to the antient rule I have first begun with Metalls, and Colours, to which I have adjoyned the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the parts of the Escutcheon; distinction of Families, Bor∣dures, and crooked Lines; because from them the honorable Ordinaries receive a various form and nomination.

Then I have set down in one Escutcheon all the Ordinaries, which are afterward in an order, (beginning with one particular) fol∣lowed in their varieties.

Then all dead things in their order, living and verdent, according to their position and posture; also those that are composed of some kind of Celestiall things, as the Sun, Moon, and Stars; all kind of Martiall things, or Me∣chanick; or the most part of what is usually born in our English Armory.

In the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Arms, there is by all ob∣served a different value; as first, that the Me∣talls are allowed a precedency to Colours; so also is there by some understood to be more of worth in one Colour then another: Yet, for * 1.3 my part, I am of opinion, that it is so little, as not 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the taking notice of; onely for other mens opinions sake, I will touch at it.

First, of the Metals; Every judgment will be ready without any argument to give Gold the preheminence.

[illustration]

As for the colours; I think they are thus to be esteemed in point of priority, Sables, Gules, Azure, Verd, Purpure; and some do in∣troduce Tenne, but it being a bastard colour, is exempted, especially amongst English Ar∣mory, onely reserved for abatement of honor, except in one or two examples of things.

Thus I have placed the colours, though con∣trary to the rules of some, as Guillim placeth yellow in the third place, & green in the fourth.

Sir John Fern allows Gules the third ho∣nor, and placeth Sable in the fifth.

Mr. Guillim bringeth in also another colour, called Murrey or Sanguin, but I never saw it used in an English Coat; onely this and Tenne are appropriated to the abatements of honor, therefore to be set apart from the rest, I think, properly.

The next in order is Furrs, which may be of one colour alone, or more than one, which Furrs are supposed to have been the doublings of Mantles.

[illustration]

The first of these may seem to go all under

the name of Ermins, but they are distinguish∣ed by various names, according to their co∣lours; as if as the first it be white powdred with black, it is Ermin; if black with white Ermines; if yellow with black as the Erminoys: if as the fourth black with yellow Pean: if white with black, and one red hair, Erminites. By which it is understood, how precise a man ought to be in the Blazon, or tricking a Coat, when so small a difference, as the colour of one hair, shall make a Coat another thing.

The next is called Vayre or Verry, this be∣ing of Argent and Azure, is termed Vaire onely; but if any other colours, then must it be blazoned Verry of such colours; as for exam∣ple, Ermin and Gules by the name of Gres∣sey of Darbyshire.

The next is Potent Counter-potent, by some Varry-Copy.

The colours whereof must be Blazoned.

The last is but of two Counters, if called Countercomponed; but if more, then checky.

If any of which be in a Bordure, you must say, A Border purflew of such a furre; blazon∣ing the furre and the colours.

Now by the way, Mr. Guillim doth hint one rule in Blazon concerning the Field (which is the surface of the Shield) which ought to be well observed for propriety of speaking; which is not to say, He beareth a field Or, or Arg. &c. but the field is Or, or Arg. &c. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 else he beareth Or, or Arg. Gules, or the like, &c.

These Furres are often born in Bordures also, which are in the next place to be treated of.

And here in one Escutcheon have I placed the Bordures; and in the severall quarters the differences of brethren.

[illustration]

Of Bordures, if it be plain, you must say, A Bordure Gules, or the like.

If it be charged with Beasts, then it is bla∣zoned, A Bordure Enurney of such Beasts; if of Birds, Enaluran of such Birds; if of Flowers, Verdoy; if of dead things, Entoyre, as of Be∣zanti, Mullets, or the like.

The plain or simple Bordures have also their varieties, according to all their crooked lines. Which I shall shew shortly after.

For the charged Bordures, here is exempli∣fied nine distinct.

In the first is a Bordure counter-compound∣ed Or and Gules; the second, a Bordure Pur∣flew of Vayre, the third, quarterly composed of Ermin and Checky, Or, and Azure; the fourth, Gobbonated, Or, and Sables; the fifth, Sables Entoyre of eight Bezants; the sixth, Or, a Bordure Gules, charged with three Bendlets Sables; the seventh, Azure, Enaleuron of eight Martlets Or; the eighth, quarterly, the first Gules Enurney of three Lyoncels passant guardant, Or, the second Azure Verdoy of as many Flowerdelis: the third as the second, the fourth as the first: which, with a Field Argent, was the Coat-Armor of Henry Courtney Earl of Devonshire, Marquesse of Exon. This may be blazoned short, by England and France. The ninth is a Bordure Gules, Diapred, En∣toyre, Enurney, Enaleuron, and Verdoy.

This kind of Bordure may be of any two or other set number of these also.

Now to the intent that Coat-Armor might descend to the Posterity with safety, and free from dissention of strife, Distinctions were invented, which I have here set down, to the number Nine.

By which differences the Bearer is under∣stood of what degree or line of Consanguinity

he is; if he be of the second, third, or fourth House, and what brother of that House, by charging his Coat with the difference apper∣taining; and if a younger brother of a younger House, then by charging the difference of the House with difference of Line, of Fraternity: There being so much care taken for the pre∣serving the honor of the entire Coats, that the eldest son of the first House during the life of his father (so of the rest) cannot bear it with∣out his distinction, and, for this reason, hath * 1.4 the Nephew of the first (the father being dead) been always preferred before the Uncle of the second, &c. and taketh place before him.

By the way also, we are to take notice, that if all the brethren die without issue, and leave sisters behind, as they are co-inheritors of the Lands and Estare, so shall they be of the Coat-Armor also, without any distinction at all, to either of them; because by them the name of the House cannot be preserved, they being all reckoned but as one Heir.

Again, if they be not heirs, they are not ad∣mitted to the bearing of the Coat-Armor; for, saith Sir John Fern, Arma non transeunt ad agnatos & affines. Yet their husbands are ad∣mitted to adjoyn the Arms of their wives fa∣milies in the sinister side of their Escutcheons, with their own; but if they have none of their own, then not at all.

Now there is none of those signs, but are

sometimes born in Arms, as Charges of the Coat; but when they are distinctions, it is ea∣sily known by their singularity, either of place, position, or diminutive proportion.

There is a care to be observed concerning the parts of the Escutcheon, as to the prehemi∣nence of location for all charges, which are here marked thus,

[illustration]

• A, The Dexter chief.
• B, The precise mid∣dle chief.
• C, The Sinister chief.
• D, The Honor point.
• E, The Fesse point.
• F, TheNombril point.
• G, The Dexter Base.
• H, The precise mid∣dle Base.
• I, The Sinister Base.

There are severall crooked lines to be ob∣served also, wherewith all the Ordinaries are many times made different and various, which are these:

[illustration]

• 1, Invecked.
• 2, Ingrayled.
• 3, Wavy.
• 4, Nebule.
• 5, Embat∣taild or Crenelle
• 6, Indented
• 7, Dancette

Of these lines, the two first differ onely in this, that the points of the ingrailed line are turned into the field, and the other contrary into the ordinary, that those lines do make. The two last are both one secundùm quale, onely differing secundùm quantum; the one being onely wider and deeper then the other.

And when any of these Ordinaries are drawn withthese lines, the Blazoner is to say, A Bend, Chief, Pale, or what it is; Invecked, Ingrayled, Wavy, or the like: But if plain, then onely to name the Ordinary with its colours, according to the following examples.

[illustration]

1, A Crosse. 2, A Chief, 3, A Pale. 4, A Bend. 5, a Fesse. 6, An Inescutcheon. 7, A Cheveron. 8, A Saltyr. 9, A Barre.

The last of which Ordinaries may easily be mistaken for the same, or at least a diminutive of the fifth; but it is not: and they are distin∣guished by the space they possesse in the field, and also by this difference, the Barre hath li∣berty all over the field with its diminutions; the Fesse onely one proper place.

These Ordinaries according to Leigh do possesse these proportions of the field.

Crosse,	containeth	uncharged the fifth part, but charged the third;
the Chief,	the third part,
the Pale,	the third part,
the Bend,	the fifth uncharged, but charged the third;
the Fesse,	the third part,
the Innescut.	the fifth part,
the Chever,	the fifth part,
the Saltyr,	the fifth uncharged, but charged the third;
the Barre,	the fifth part.

Of these Ordinaries, some have their dimi∣nutives, as the Barre a Closset, a Barralet; the Bend both Dexter and Sinister, the Dexter hath a Bendlet, Garter, single and double Cottises, and a Ribbon; the Sinister Bend, a Scarp, and a 〈◊〉〈◊〉; a Cheveron hath its Chevero∣nels.

And here now I shall desire to be excused for digressing from the method of other men, especially Mr. Guillim; and first to take no∣tice of some other forms near relating to the Ordinaries for their shape and proportion, on which are oftentimes rewards and addi∣tions of Honor placed in Coats; as also the abatements of Honor for misdemeanor, and dishonorable actions, that afterwards I may not have any thing to interrupt a

methodicall proceeding in the rest.

The first of which are those, on which most commonly additions are given, which are these.

[illustration]

The first is a Bordure, spoken of before.

The second, a Quarter.

The third, a Canton.

The fourth, a Gyron.

The fifth, a Pile.

The sixth, two Flasques.

The seventh, two Flanches.

The eighth, two Voyders; which, saith Leigh, is the way of bearing a reward given to a Woman.

The ninth is Ernoin, an Inescutcheon Gules, named also a Scutcheon of Pretence.

On any of these may an addition of Ho∣nor be placed, according to the pleasure of the Prince, or the fancy of the Herald, that is left to the designing. Which reward remains to the posterity of the Atchiever, and none of the descendants of his family, but his own line may bear it. In which manner I have seen the Arms of a Kingdom given to a pri∣vate Subject, nay, and sometimes to a Stranger, as in the example of Sir Henry St. George Nor∣roy King of Arms, who upon an Embassie into Sweden, was honored by the King of the Swethes with the addition of the Arms of Swethen in a Canton.

The Marquesse of Exeter gave the Arms of England in a Bordure, as in the Escutcheon of Bordures is seen in the eighth quarter, being gi∣ven him by Henry the eighth.

Now the Laws of honor having by a con∣tinued succession of time maintained and re∣fined these rules of Nobility, for the encou∣ragement of brave and generous spirits: So, foreseeing the pronenesse of all men, being ap∣ter to fall and decline from the vertues and bravenesse of their Ancestors, and to bury the honor of the deceased Purchasers in the dust, than to improve the Talent of Renown Time hath entrusted them with; as a correction to such dunghill-spirits, there is provided a me∣thod of degrading them from, or giving di∣minutions

of disgrace to the Arms of such: As the example of the succeeding Escutcheon de∣monstrates.

[illustration]

The first, according to Mr. Guillim's rules, is a Delph Tenne, due to him that revoketh a Challenge.

The second is an Inescutcheon reversed San∣guin, for deflowring a Maid or Widow.

The third is a point Dexter, for too much boasting his Martiall acts.

The fourth, a point in point, Sanguin, due to a Coward.

The fifth, a point Champion Tenne, to him that killeth his prisoner.

The sixth, two Gussets Sanguine for Adul∣tery.

The seventh, a gore sinister Tenne, for him that flies from his Colours.

The eighth, a point plain Sanguine, for tel∣ling lies to a Soveraign or Generall.

The ninth, the whole Coat of Arms rever∣sed, and proper onely to a Traitor.

But there is another stricter punishment also for Treason, as Sir John Fern, Sir William Se∣gar, and the Civil Laws relate, which is, that though he have many sons then living, his Arms are for ever taken away, unlesse by some extraordinary service his successors do regain the honour of them, and wipe away the stain; for, Eorum memoria destrui debet, says the Law.

And in the same manner are those other stains of abatement so rivetted to their Shield; when once by the Soveraign authority placed there, that neither the immediate possessors, nor succeeding owners, with their greatest force, or the all-corroding teeth of time are able to tear it away; but by vertuous demea∣nor to ingratiate the same hand, that put it on, to wipe it off.

Pitty it is those Rules have not been exact∣ly observed in our latter Ages; such a severity would doubtlesse be a means to affrighten ma∣ny, that are enclined to these abominable enor∣mities, to apply themselves ingenuously to a gentle obedience, and plausible demeanor:

For, if not for Loyalty, Honor, or the Punish∣ment of other Laws; yet, rather then leave so great a proclamation of their 〈◊〉〈◊〉, to be both a plague upon their fames, and a lepro∣sie on their posterity, they would cautiously flye from such senslesse carelessenesse.

Now having thus laid down the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 as well as the additions of Honor, I am brought by my Method to the main body of this gene∣rall work of Armory, which is the variety of bearing the Ordinaries, and after the accidents more common; as of Birds, Beasts, Fishes, Plants, Mechanicall things, &c.

And for the first (as in my estimation very reasonably) the most honorable, I begin with the Crosse, and its various kinds of bearings, being more numerous by much than any of the other Ordinaries. This hath its position in the greatest and most eminent parts of the Shield; and therefore it is much to me, that Mr Guil∣lim, and others, should place it last of all the Ordinaries.

The Crosse, if uncharged, possesseth the fifth part of the Field; but, if charged, the third. The varieties I have placed in two Shields, as first in this.

[illustration]

In the first quarter is Azure, a plain Crosse Or, the Coat of the Sheltons of Norfolk.

The second is Gules, a Crosse crossed upon three Grees Or, by the name of Jones in Den∣byshire.

The third, Or, a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 pattec Sables, fimbri∣ated Gules.

The fourth Arg. a Crosse Wavy voided Sa∣ble, by the name of Duckenfield in Devon∣shire.

The fifth, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, a Crosse Moline pierced Lozenge, Or, which was the Coat-Armour of Molaneux of 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

This piercing a Crosse, is alwayes known from a charge on it, by the colour of it; for if it be the same with the Field, then it is supposed the appearance of the field through it; and is sometimes square, sometimes round, and sometimes Lozenge-ways; but if it be not the colour of the Field, then it is a Charge, and receives another Blazon, as hereafter will ap∣pear.

The sixth example is Azure, a Crosse pa∣tonce Or, which Leigh saith, was the Arms of King Edgbert: this differeth but little from the Crosse Flory, Flurry, or Fleury; as by the next you see.

The seventh is Arg. a Crosse Flurry Gules.

The eighth Gules, a Crosse Avelane Or.

The ninth Azure, a Crosse potten fitched Or, the Coat Armour of Ethelbert, King of the West-Saxons, as saith Guillim.

The second Escut cheon represents, as ma∣ny as I have exprest in the first, and those as strange.

[illustration]

The first is a Crosse formy flory.

The second is a Crosse bottony.

The third a Crosse couped Or, charged with a pellet in the fesse point or center.

And by these next examples is seen, that the Crosse is many times divided into more then two parts, and sometimes all over the Field, as in this fourth, which is Or, a Crosse triparted flurry Gules.

The fifth Azure, a Crosse double-parted Arg.

The sixth is quarterly, Gules and Vert, four Pheons Arg. in Crosse, their points meeting in

fesse. By which example may be seen, that ma∣ny times, severall things are born formed into this, or any other Ordinary.

The seventh is Azure, a Crosse resarcelled Or. Which, saith Sir John Fern, is as it were sewed together again, after a voiding.

The eighth is Gules, a Crosse crossed Or: pierced all over the Field, which is the Arms of the Earl of Tholouz.

The last is Argent, a Crosse voided Couped Sables, by the name of Woodnoth.

Sometimes one Crosse is charged with ano∣ther, which differeth from a Crosse Fimbriated, thus: The sise of the Frimbria, is much narrower then that appearance of the Crosse, that is surmounted of another, (as Mr. Guillim saith;) but Sir John Fern saith, it is not a Crosse fimbriated, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 when the uppermost is also charged.

The next of these Ordinaries to be exem∣plified, is the Chief, which is variously born 〈◊〉〈◊〉 thus.

[illustration]

The first Gule, a chief Argent by the name of Worksley.

The second Tenne, a chief Shapernette Ermine.

The third Vert, a chief crenelle Argent, char∣ged with a file Azure.

The fourth Gules, a chief Argent, surmoun∣ted of another, Or: which, saith Sir John Fern, is a double addition of Honor.

The fifth Gules, or a chief Azure, filleted in the nether part Argent: Now, sometimes this Ordinary is Honoured with an augmentation,

which, very rarely, are any of the rest; as in the next example.

The sixth is Or, two barres Azure, a chief quarterly Azure and Gules, on the first two Flowerdelys Or, on the second, one Lyon Passant guardant of the last; the third as the second, the fourth as the first, which is the Coat Armour of the Earls of Rutland.

And this is also sometimes charged with other Ordinaries, as in this seventh example, which is Barry of six per pale; in a chief paly of six per fesse, all counter-changed, Or & Azure, between two Cantons gyronny of the first and second; an Inescutcheon Argent joyning to the chief.

The eighth is Sables, a bend, and chief Or.

The last is Gules, two barres and a chief in∣dented Or; by which is seen that this Ordi∣nary is sometimes also formed of the crooked lines; as all the rest are.

The pale doth not only vary its form, as the rest with crooked lines, but hath its diminutives too; as in this example.

[illustration]

The first is Gules a pale Or; the Coat Ar∣mour of the Lord Hinkley.

The second Azure a pallet Argent, which possesseth the half part of a pale.

The third is Or, an endorse Gules, which is the fourth part of a pale.

The fourth is Argent, three pallets Wavy 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

The fifth Azure a pale radiant rayone Or.

The sixth Argent, three pallet Gules, in a chief Azure, a barrulet dancettee Or.

The seventh is Argent, on a pale Sable, three crosse pattees Or, within a bordure engrayled

of the second, by the name of Crowch.

The eighth paly of six Argent & Azure, fret∣ted with a barrulet in fesse Gules a chief and base of the same.

The ninth Argent on a pallet Sable a fesse Gules, and two barrulets of the second, quar∣terly pierced of the first.

The bend is an Ordinary drawn of two lines from the dexter to the sinister base; and some∣times from the sinister chief to the dexter base; and have both their diminutions, and are varied as the rest, as oft as the variety of crooked lines can do it.

[illustration]

The first is Argent, a bend engrayled Sables,

by the Lord Fitzwater, Earl of Sussex.

The second is Argent, a bendlet Gules, which possesseth half the bend, and according to the rule of some, should begin its upper line in the precise corner of the dexter chief, whereas the bend begins above it, as much as below it.

The third is Or, a garter Gules, which ought to contain but the third part of the bend, and derive its lines as the bend doth.

The fourth is Gules, a Cost, or cottis Or; which containeth the fourth part of a bend.

The fifth is Or, a ribbon Gules; this contain∣eth but the eighth part of a bend, and is couped at the ends.

The sixth is Argent, a bend sinister Vert, this bend meeting in the same field with the dex∣ter bend, seems to make a Saltyre; but they do not: and care must be taken in the blazon of it, to begin first with that which lies next the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and then to say, The one surmounted of 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 other.

The divisions of this, are first a Scrape, as in the seventh, which is Argent a Scarpe Azure.

The eighth is Or, a battune Gules, which is most commonly couped at each end as the Rib∣bon is, which is commonly the stain of a 〈◊〉〈◊〉, when he is admitted the bearing the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Armour of his Father's line: but it is not to 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 then in mettle, but by Bastards of 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 last, (which for its variety, I have in∣serted as rare) is Azure a bend double dan∣cette

Argent, by the name of Lorks.

If there be more then one of these Ordina∣ries in a Coat, they are to be blazoned thus; if two bendlets, if more, bendy of so many as it is; and sometimes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a bend with its dimi∣nutives meet in one field, as in this of Sir Ed∣mund Boyers of Camberwel in Surrey, which is Or, a bend vayre between two Cottizes Gules.

[illustration]

And sometimes these Cottizes are born without any bend between them, as in the ex∣ample empald of John Marsham of Hornsplace in the County of Kent Esquire, which is Or,

a Lyon passant in bend Gules betwixt two bendlets Azure.

And this manner of empaling, is a way that a man joyns his Wife's coat with his; and I wish these Coats might so come together.

Now I proceed to the Fesse, according to my promised method. And first in its place and genuine nature, as in the first quarter here, which is Verry of Or, and Vert, a fesse Gules by the name of Duffield.

[illustration]

The fecond is Or, a fesse dancette Sables, the proper Coat of Sir Thomas Vavasor.

The third Argent, a Fesse and Canton Gules, by the name of Woodvile.

The fourth Or, a fesse between two Cheve∣rons Sables, by the name of Lisle.

The fifth, by the name of Blyton, is Gules, a fesse Sable & Argent indented, par fesse point in point, between three Owls head errased of the third.

The sixth is Vert, on a fesse Argent, a barre Sable charged with four Cheverons between three Spades of the second.

The seventh Sable a fesse Wavy Argent, be∣tween two Stars of the second, given to that honorable Person Sir Francis Duke, by Queen Elizabeth, for his service at Sea.

The eighth is Sables, a fesse 〈◊〉〈◊〉 at each end Or, which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 I have very rarely seen.

The ninth Or, a fesse Nebule betwixt three trefoyls slipt Gules.

Thus you see a variety of bearing this Ordi∣nary: yet it shews not any diminutives, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 changeth its place in the field; which two on∣ly properties belong to the barre, and it only so differs from this in specie.

As for the Escutcheon born as an Ordinary, I find very little variety, only sometimes it is called an Inescutcheon, which is when thus born, which is Ermin an Inescutcheon Gules, by the name of Hulgrave.

[illustration]

And sometimes an Escutcheon, as when more then one is in the field, as thus in the se∣cond which is Argent, three Escutcheons Sable, by Sir John Loudham of Suffolk.

Sometimes these are charged only with augmentations of honor, and sometimes the field is charged with other Ordinaries promi∣scuously with these as in the third, which is Or, a barruler between two barres gemels, Gules, three Escutcheons vayre, by the name of Gamolle.

And sometimes these Escutcheons are char∣ged

also as in the last, which is Or, three Escut∣cheons barry of six vayre and Gules.

The Cheveron containeth the fifth part of the field, and is not so confined to one place, but may be born in another, and also more then one in a field, but if above two, they are called Cheveronels: Guillim.

[illustration]

The first example is 〈◊〉〈◊〉, a Cheveron Gules, belonging to the Lord's Staffords.

The second is Or, a Cheveron in chief Azure.

There are divers other accidents, incident

to this Ordinary, as transposition, coupings, voidings, and reversing, besides it hath its di∣minutives, for example, the third is Ermin, a Cheveron cooped Sable, by the name of Jones.

The fourth is Azure, a Cheveron engrayled, voided Or, by the name of Dudley.

The fifth Argent, a Cheveronel Vert: of which there can be but three in a field.

The sixth is Vert, a couple close Argent, which containeth the fourth part of a Cheve∣ron, and is not born but by payres, except a Cheveron be between.

The seventh is Sables, a Cheveron Rompe Or, betwixt three Mullets by the name of Sault.

The eighth is Azure, three Cheveronels bra∣sed in the base of the Escutcheon, and a chief Or, by the name of Fitz-hugh.

The ninth is Gules, three Cheveronels re∣versed Or.

The Saltyre, is an Ordinary formed of a fourfold line, two from the dexter chief, ex∣tending towards the sinister base, and two towards the dexter base from the sinister chief, meeting in fesse by couples in acute angles; in the nature of that which we usually call, a Saint Andrews Crosse.

[illustration]

The first is Argent, a Saltyre Gules, by the ancient and Noble Family of the Gerrards of Lancashire.

The second is Azure, a Saltyre quarterly quarter'd Or, & Argent, the Arms of the Epis∣copall Sea of Bath and Wells.

The third is Gules, a Saltyre Or, surmounted of another Vert, by the name of Andrews.

The fourth is Sables, a Saltyre Argent, in the fesse point an Inescutcheon Or, char∣ged with a Crosse Gules; and this, though we should allow colour upon colour, and metall upon metall, to be false Herauldry, yet is good:

the last being the charge of a distinct Scutcheon, it being of pretence, and of another family.

The last of these Ordinaries is the Barre, which though it is allowed the Honor of a par∣ticular Ordinary, yet in my opinion, is but a diminutive of the Fesse, however differs only in this, that it hath the liberty of the field, and taketh place any where which the Fesse cannot: this also hath its diminutives, being subdivided into a closette and barrulet.

[illustration]

First of the barre, as in the first quarter of this Scutcheon, Azure three barres Wavy 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by the name of 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

The second Argent, three Barres and a Can∣ton Gules, by the name of Fuller.

The third Gules, two Barres and a Chief in∣dented, O, by the name of Hare.

The fourth is Or, a closset Sanguine; this is the one 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the barre.

The fifth is Sables, a Barrulet Argent; this containeth the one fourth part of the Barre.

The sixth beareth Gules on a Cheveron Arg. three Barres gemmels Sables; these are called Gemmells when they are placed in couples at a near distance, and more than two in the field in even number.

The seventh is Ermin, three Barres couped Gules, charged with six Escollups shells, or three in the first, two in the second, and one in the last; by the name of Sabridge Court.

The eighth is barry of ten Or, and Azure in a Canton Gules, a Chaplet Argent, by the name of Holms of 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

The ninth is Barry of six on a Chief, between two 〈◊〉〈◊〉 party per bend, dexter and sini∣ster two pallets, Or and Azure, over all an In∣escutcheon Arg. which was the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Mortimer Earl of March.

Thus have I run through all the Ordinaries, with their varieties of Barring in their due or∣der, according to their usuall terms of proper Blazonry.

In the next I shall shew some other forms of Charges, framed of such like lines in the Escut∣cheons; and then proceed to shew 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all the partings & counterchanges.

[illustration]

First then, as in this shield there is Or, an Orle Azure, by the name of Bartram Lord of Bothall.

The second is Or, an Orle of three pieces 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

The third Argent, an Orle engrayled on the inner side Gules.

The fourth is Or, a double Tressure Flory, 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

The fifth is Sables a Fret Or: by the Lord Mautravers, now quartered by the Earl of Arundel.

The sixth Vert, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Or, this with the

distinction of a second Brother in a third House, is the Coat-Armor of Sir George Whitmore, late Lord Mayor of London.

In the three last are a 〈◊〉〈◊〉, a Lozenge, and a Mascle.

The Pile is an honorable bearing, though not to be reckoned among the Ordinaries, as some would have it: this hath divers ways of bearing, and is free to any place of the field; but its property is to issue from the middle chief, and extend with an acute angle almost to the middle base, and then is termed plainly a Pile: but if otherwise, you are to distinguish, as this 〈◊〉〈◊〉 quarterings will demonstrate.

[illustration]

The first, Argent, a pile Gules; this belonged to Sir John Candoys in the time of Edward the third.

The second is Or, three piles meeting near in the base of the Escutcheon Azure, by Sir George Brian.

The third is Argent, three piles, one issuing out of the chief between two other transposed Sables, by the name of Huls.

The fourth is Argent, a triple pile flory on the tops, issuing out of the sinister base in bend, Sables, by the name of Wroton.

The fifth is Argent, a pile in bend, issuing out of the dexter chief in pale Sables, Cottised engrayled Argent.

And here in the same Scutcheon, for their nearnesse of form, have I inserted the Gyron with its varieties.

As in the sixth Gules, a Gyron issuing out of the dexter point Or.

The seventh is Argent; two Gyrons Gules. These do always meet in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with their points; and therefore 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is needlesse to name the place, onely naming their number and colour.

The eighth is Gyrony of eight pieces, Or, and Azure, a Canton Ermin by the name of Octon.

The last is Gyrony of twelve Argent and Sables, and so are they always to be blazoned, Gyrony of so many, if they be more then two. These, I must confesse, should properly

have been placed among the counter-changes. But my digression is excusable, since it is so near concerned, as the single Gyron belong∣ing properly to that place; and then that the counter-changes are so near in a concor∣dancy, as the next discourse must bring them in; which is, to describe the partitions and counter-changes, according to the disposition of every Ordinary; and first of the partitions, as in the first next example.

[illustration]

The first in this example is party per Crosse, Arg. and Gules, by Sir Henry Cock of Hertford∣shire;

and here is to be noted, that though the mettle be more honorable, yet if the colour possesse the dexter part, or chiefest part of the Field, that is first to be named.

And, by the way, I must here observe, that some will have this to be blazoned quarterly; but certainly improperly, unlesse the quarters were charged; for why should this Ordinary above all the rest be denyed the priviledge of partition, which all have, but the chief, that in its propriety is formed but of one line?

The second quarter bears party per pale, a bend counter-changed Argent and Gules, by Sir Geofry Chaucer.

The third party per bend, Or, and Vert, by the name of Hawly.

The fourth party per Cheveron, Sables, and Argent, by the name of Aston.

The fifth party per Fesse, Or, and Azure.

The sixth party per Pile, in point Or, and Sables. Now the difference betwixt this and the Pile alone, is, that the lines meet at the ve∣ry base of the Escutcheon, and others short; and sometimes this is changed by a Reverse, as in the next example, which is

The seventh party per pile reversed, Or, Gules, and Sables, which is very rare for the distinction of the field into three colours, as the last is also.

The eighth is party per Saltyre Ermine and Gules.

The ninth is party per pale and base, Gules, Argent, and Sable.

The counter-changes are thus, first, party per pale Or, and Gules, three roundalls counter∣changed.

[illustration]

The second is party per Cheveron unde, three Panthers bends erased, counter-changed Sab. and Or; by the name of Smith of Norfolk.

The third is pally of six, a bend-pally, as many all counter-changed, Argent and Gules; which is a quartering of that honorable Gentle∣man the Lord Strafford.

The fourth is barry of six party per pale in∣dented, Argent and Gules counter-changed.

The fifth is barry pily of eight pieces Gules, and Or, by the name of Holland.

The sixth is paly-bendy, Or and Sables.

The seventh is paly of six Argent, and Gules on a chief as the field as many crescents all counter-changed.

The eighth is barry of six, Argent and Sa∣bles, indented one in the other.

The ninth is barry bendy, Arg. and Sables.

Thus I have run through all the bearings of the Ordinaries, both plain, and in their va∣riety, together with the partitions and coun∣ter-changes; I shall now as concisely lay down all the Ordinary bearings, as well of Natural and Celestial things, as all Sublunaries of Beasts, Birds, Fishes, Vegetables, and Artifici∣als, in the best method I can, according to the Blazon of Leigh, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Guillim, and others, the best I could consult in this study.

Of Celestialls.

As for Celestialls, I shall skip over some of them, as Angells, Cherubims, and the like, because they are obvious enough to every man's judgment, when ever they are met with; as some of these examples are also.

[illustration]

The first of these quarterings shews the ex∣ample of Gules an Increscent Or, by the name of Descus.

The second Azure, the Sun in its full glory, by the name of St. Cleere.

The third is Azure the Moon decrescent proper, where the difference from the first is, from the contrary position of them, which is the same in the Firmament: And by this rule, any man at the first sight may know in what state the Moon is, though he never saw an Al∣manack.

The fourth is Azure, a Moon in her com∣plement proper.

The fifth Or, the Sun eclipsed Sables.

The sixth is Argent, the Moon in her Eclipse Sables.

The seventh Azure, a Ray of the Sun is∣suing out of the dexter corner of the Escut∣cheon bend-wayes proper; by the name of Aldham.

The eighth is Gules a chief Argent, at the lower part thereof, the Rayes of the Sun is∣suing out of a Clowd proper; by the name of Lesone of Northamptonshire.

The ninth is Azure a Comet Or, streaming proper.

And unto these I have added one more Es∣cutcheon of the like bearings, because of the rareness of them.

[illustration]

The first is Azure, Jupiters Thunderbolt in Pale Or, enflamed at both ends proper, shaf∣ted Saltyre-wayes, and winged Fesse-wayes, Argent.

The second Argent, a Rain-bowe proper, is∣suing out of two peteet clowds in fesse Azure.

The third Gules a chief Argent, over all an Escarbuncle of eight staves-pommette and Flo∣rette Or; which, saith Guillim, was the Coat-Armor of the Earls of Anjou, of whom was Geoffry Plantagenet.

The fourth is Or, six fire-brands, enflamed proper.

The fifth Sables, a bend Or between six Fountains proper, by the Lord Sturton.

The sixth Argent, a Cheveron Sables, be∣tween three flames of fire proper.

The seventh is Sables, a Star of eight points Or, between two Flanches Ermin, and a Can∣ton of Ulster; by Sir John Hubbart of Nor∣folk.

The eighth party per bend Crenelle, pointed the one in the other Argent & Azure, four Crescents, by couples enterlaced, counter∣changed.

The ninth Ermin on a chief Sab. three Cre∣scents, arg.

Of Beasts.

NExt of Beafts, as, in my opinion, the most proper to order, as the more noble crea∣tures; though, I confesse, it is contrary to Mr. Guillims Method. And of those, in the first place Lions, as the principall of them; which are diversly born, and from their severall po∣stures receive a severall character of blazoning, which is cautiously to be observed, as well as in other things; and it is not difficult for any indifferent genius, without much dis∣course; which would but make up a tedious

prolixity to little or no purpose; when Ver∣bum sapienti sat est, is a Proverb in every man's mouth.

[illustration]

The first example is of Azure, a Lion Ram∣pant, Argent, being the Coat-Armor of Roger de Montealto, who was a Benefactor to West∣minster-Abbey.

The second is Or, a Lion Sayliant Gules.

The third is Gules a Lion passant Guardant Or, which being the Coat-Armor of the Dukes of Aquitane, was joyned with the Coat of the Kings of England, by the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Henry the

second, being before two Lions, the posture and colours one; then indeed called Leopards, as they are most properly so called, (where they are not of Royall bearing) if they be more then one in a field, and Guardant, as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 would have it: This same single Lion passant guardant, onely the colours contrary, as Or, a Lion passant guardant, Gules, says the Welch petegree, was the Coat-Armor of Rode∣rick the great Prince of Wales, in the year 843. By which account, Coat-Armor hath gained a great Antiquity.

The fourth example is of Lions passant, and not guardant, which is Gules, two barres Er∣min in chief, a Lion passant party per pal Or, & Argent, by the name of Hill of Norfolk.

The fifth is Gules, a Lion Seiant Argent.

The sixth is Or, a Lion Couchant. Gul.

The seventh is Azure, a Lion Dormant, Or.

The eighth is Or, a Lion Rampant regarding Coward, Sables.

The last is Gules, a tri-corporated Lion issu∣ing out of three corners of the field, and meet∣ing under one head in fesse Or; which was the Coat-Armor of Edward Crouchback Earl of Lancaster. Lions are sometimes with the tail elevated over the head, sometimes with the tail forked, and sometimes you shall meet with Demy-Lions, which is half Lions passant and Rampant, and sometimes heads, erased or couped; but if Cabossed, then they are ever 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Leopards heads, as in these examples.

[illustration]

The first Azure on a chief Or, a Demy-Lion Rampant issuant out Gules, languid and armed of the first, by the name of Markham.

The second is Azure, three Demy-Lions pas∣sant guardant, Or, languid, and armed Gules, by the name of Hammon of Acris in Kent.

Now the French are so severe, that they will not allow the tearms of Lion to any, either Whole or Demy, that are guardant; but, I think, without reason.

The third is Or, out of the midst of a Fesse, Sable, a Demy-Lion Rampant Nais∣sant

Gules languid and armed, Azure.

Where it is proper to take notice, that if it be armed or languid by any other colour than the body, unlesse Gules, it is a blemish to it; but Gules, signifying blood, addes to it. So it is an abatement if it be without tongue, teeth, or claws.

The fourth is Verry, Argent & Azure, on a pale Gules, three Leopards heads Or, by the name of Ockould.

The fifth is Azure, three Leopards heads cooped Or. This Coat is in the Walk under Lincolns Inne Chappel, and I think is very rare.

The sixth is Azure a Cheveron, betwixt three Lions he ids erased Ermin, crowned Or; the Coat-Armor of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 worthy Benefactor of Pauls, Sir Paul Pindar.

The seventh is Sables, three Lions tails era∣sed Argent, by the name of Cork.

The eighth is Gules, a Cheveron betwixt three Lions paws erected and erased within a bordure Argent, in a chief of the second, an Eagle displayed Sables, by the name of Brown.

The ninth is Sables, two Lions paws, one issuing out of the Dexter, the other out of the Sinister point of the Escutcheon in Cheveron, Arg. armed Gules, by the name of Frampton.

There is one rule more that hath been by some, both antient and modern Heralds, ob∣served, concerning the blazoning of Lions; which is, That if above one Lion be in a field,

they must be termed Lyoncels, that is, young-Lyons; because the spirit of a Lyon is full of Majesty, and admits no co-partnership in one Territory. But they make two exceptions to this generall rule, that is, When any Ordinary parts them; and, When it is the Coat of a Mo∣narch; to which last I must concede, from his argument which is propter Regiae Maejestatis dignitatem. But for the former, it cannot al∣wayes hold according to their own argument, without an absurd contradiction. As for ex∣ample; Mr. Guillim blazons a Coat thus, A fesse Wavy betwixt three Lyons passant, where∣of three is but one barred from the other. But I must be forc't to beg pardon, and to accuse him again, and by it lay down one exception more; in the Coat of Wickombe he blazons thus, Two Lyoncels rampant com∣bant. When as in ordinary reason, accord∣ing to his own argument too, being in a fight∣ing posture, they deserve the name of Lyons. As I should be bold to blazon my own Coat, being the same, only the colours contrarily disposed, as Azure, two Lyons Combatant Or, languid and armed Gules.

I confesse, where I find them indorsed, as in that which he believes to have been the Arms of Achilles at the siege of Troy, I think it much reason to blazon them Lyon∣cels.

For other examples of beasts, I shall only adde one more, which is,

First Argent, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a Mount proper a Stagge lodged Gules, by the name of Hart-hill.

[illustration]

The second Arg. a Stagge tripping armed and unguled Or, by the name of Holms.

The third is Vert a Stagge stripping proper Or, by the name of Gilsland.

The fourth is Argent, an Unicorn seiant Sab. armed and unguled Or, by the name of Har∣ling.

The fifth Azure, a Stagge at gaze Gules.

The sixth is Vert, a fesse between three Bucks, in full course Or, by the name of Ro∣bertson.

The seventh is Argent a Lyons head erased Gules, by the name of Gowis: this is the most honorable bearing of the heads or limbs, be∣cause it is said to be torn off from the body.

The eight is Gules, three Unicorns heads couped, Argent.

The last is Gules, a Cheveron betwixt three Bulls heads Cabossed Argent, armed Or; by the name of Baynham.

Of Birds.

THe second sort of the most Noble sensi∣tives are Foules of the Ayr: all which I shall comprise in a very short example. On∣ly, by the way, this note is to be observed; that as I have disposed them all into an order; so are they in degrees of excellency in Armory. And again when any quick things are born, it is most commendable when born in the most generous and noble action, or the most proper to its nature.

[illustration]

Of these the first is Sables a Swan with her wings expansed Arg. membred Or, within a bordure engrayled of the same, by the name of Moore.

The second is Ermin an Eagle displayed, Gules, armed Or.

The third is Sables, a Goshawke, Arg. perch∣ing upon a stock fixed in the base point of the shield, of the second, armed Jessed, and belled Or.

The fourth is Gules, a Pelican in her nest with wings displayed feeding her young Or, vul∣ned

proper, by the name of Carn of Wenny in Glamor ganshlre.

The fifth is arg. three Peacoks in their pride proper, by the name of Pawne.

The sixth is arg. a Heron volant in fesse, azure, membred, Or, between three Escoliops shels, Sables.

The seventh is Gules, three Cocks argent, Armed, Crested, and Jellopped Or. This was the Coat Armor of that reverend Dr. Cocks, Bishop of Ely, in Queen Maries, and Queen Elizabeths times.

The eighth is Gules, two wings inverted and conjoyned Or.

The last is Or, on a bend Sables, three Estridge feathers, passing through as many escrowls of the first.

Many other Birds, as well as Beasts, are used in the infinite variety of Coat Armour, but by the observance of these examples they will be all understood.

Of Fishes.

MR. Leigh observes this general rule in blazoning of Fishes, That all Fishes that are born feeding should be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in blazon Vorant, or devouring: because they swallow without chewing; and that what they devour should be named,

These are, as Beasts, born in divers postures; as Nayant, which is swimming upright, em∣bowed, extended, endorsed, trianguled, and fretted, &c. As in this following demonstra∣tion.

[illustration]

The first is Argent three Eeles Nayant in pale Sables, by the name of Ellis.

The second is Sables, three Salmons hauri∣ant Argent, by the name of Salmon.

The third is Azure, a Dolphin Nayant, em∣bowed, Argent, by the name of Fitz-James.

The fourth Argent, two Barbels Hauriant,

respecting each other by the name of 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

The fifth Gules, two Pikes hauria ntendor∣sed, Or.

The sixth three Trouts fretted in triangle Arg. by the name of Troutback.

The seventh is Arg. two Lobsters clawes in Saltyre, the dexter surmounted of the sinister Gules, by the name Tregarthick.

The eighth is Arg. a Cheveron engrayled, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, betwixt thre Crevices, Gules.

The ninth is Sables, a fesse engrayled betwixt three Welkes, Or, by the name of shelly.

Thus are all manner of Shell-fishes as well as others. And some times, Reptibles, and Insects, all manner of Flyes and Grashoppers; But their blazon is obvious enough to every mans judgement, that can distinguish one from another when he sees them, therefore it would be but an unnecessary intrusion in this place.

Vegetables.

I Shall not need here, I hope, to run over all parts of Philosophy, and Diviniry, and to tell what Trees are, and their Natures; For as they are not discourses pertinent to this place; so Mr Guillim, as well as my self might have 〈◊〉〈◊〉 every ingenious man as know∣ing as himself in it; or at least 〈◊〉〈◊〉: And

to none other do I submit my endeavours. I shall only trouble the Reader with their various bearing, in the examples of some few, which will direct to all others,

[illustration]

And herein the first is Argent, on a mount in base a Pine-tree fructed proper, by the name of Pine.

The second is Gules, the trunck of a tree in pale eradicated and cooped, Sprouting out two branches Arg. by the name of Stockden of Lei∣cestershire.

The third is Arg. three sterved branches slip∣ped Sables, by the name of Black-stock.

The fourth is Arg. a Cheveron Gules, be∣tween three garbs of the second, by the Lord Sheffield Earle of Mougrave.

The fifth is Sables, three Lillies slipped Arg. the Coat-Armor of Winchester Colledge.

The sixt is Arg. a Cheveron Sables, between three Columbines proper; by the name of Hall of Coventry.

The seventh is Arg. a fesse Nebule between three trefoyls slipt Gules, by the name of Thorpe of Glocestershire.

The eight Arg. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Holly leaves pendant proper, by the name of Inwine.

The ninth, a fesse Arg. three Apples trans∣posed in base Or, by the name of Harwine of Devon.

Of Monsters:

ANd here before I proceed to dead and artificial things, I think it proper to take observation of some Monsters in nature, which are often born in Arms.

[illustration]

And the first of these is Arg. a Griffen ram∣pant with wings displayed Sables, by the name of Morgan.

The second is Arg. a Wiverne, his wings displayed, and tayl nowed Gules, by the name of Drake.

The third is Sables, a Cockatrice displayed Arg. membred and Jolloped Gules, by the name of Buggine.

The fourth is Arg. a Rearmouse displayed Sables, by the name of Backster.

The fifth is Arg. on a bend Gules, three mens

heads horned Or, by the name of Wittall, or Witwell in Yorkeshire.

The sixth is Azure, a Harpy displayed, cri∣ned, crowned and armed, Or.

The seventh is Arg. a Mermayd Gules, cri∣ned Or, holding a Mirror in the right hand, and in the cleft a Comb, by the name of Ellis.

The eight is Gules, a bend engrayled Arg. between three Leopards heads Jessant Flower∣de-luce, of the second, by the name of Dennys.

The ninth is Gules, three Leopards heads vorant, as many Flower-de-luce Or, which, saith Guillim, belongs to the See of Hereford.

Of the parts of Mans Body.

THere are sometimes whole figures of mans body, born in Coat Armor, as for ex∣ample, the arms of Sevil in Spain, which is Or, a King enthronized on his Seat Royal Azure, Crowned and Sceptred, and invested of the first the doublings of his Robe Ermine.

The Arms proper to the Episcopal See of Salisbury, is Az. the Virgin Mary with her Son in her right arm, and a Scepter in her left hand, all Or.

But the like of these are very seldom seen, only the leggs, armes, hands, and other de∣sected members are often met with, as in

these following examples I have demonstra∣ted.

[illustration]

The first is Gules a Saracen's head erased Arg. environed about the Temples with a wreath of the second and Sables, by Mergith of Wales.

The second is Arg. a Fesse Gules, betwixt three Hearts vulned, distilling drops of blood, on the sinister side proper.

The third is Gules, a Heart betwixt two wings displayed Or.

The fourth is Gules, three dexter arms con∣joyned at the shoulders and flexed in triangle,

Or, with the fist clinched Arg. by the name of Tremain of Devonshire.

The fifth Arg. a mans leg erased at the thigh, Sables, by the name of Prime.

The sixth is barry of six, Or & Sab. over all a pale Gules, charged with a Womans Dug, distilling drops of milk proper, by the name of Dodge.

The seventh is Arg. a Cheveron Sab. between three Blackmores heads couped at the shoul∣ders proper, by the name of Ives.

The eighth is Arg. a Cheveron Gules, betwixt three Periwigs Sab.

The ninth is Barry nebule of six pieces, Az. & Arg. as one chief of the second, three eyes, Gul. by Delahay.

If those drops are charged distinctly in any field, as sometimes they are, and sometimes the field all over, you are to blazon them dif∣ferently according to the colour, as, if San∣guine, then Gutte de Sang. which is, drops of blood. If Arg. then Gutte de l' aue, drops of water.

Or, Gutte de Or, drops of Gold.

Az. Gutte de Lermes, drops of Tears. * 1.5

Vert, Gutte de Vert, drops of Oyl-Olive.

Of Artificiall things.

HAving thus cursorily run through these examples, yet I hope sufficiently enough, for the satisfaction of an Ingenuous Reader; I now come to the artificiall varieties, of bearing in Coat-Armour. Which since they are as numerous almost as the conceits of inge∣nuity: I must be excused from inserting the in∣finite examples of them, yet I shall propose some, and let the eye of the observing Student make up the defects of the rest, as it may well do.

[illustration]

The first is Arg. a Cheveron Gules, betwixt three Ducall Caps, Azure doubled indented Ermin.

The second is Arg. a Mantle of estate, Gules, and doubled Ermin, ouched or garnished with strings tassals of the same.

The third, the Arms of the Archbishop of Canterbury, which is Azure, a staffe in pale Sol, and thereupon a crosse Patree Arg. surmounted of a Pall of the last, charged with four other crosse pattees fetched Sables, edged and fringed as the second.

The fourth is Arg. on a bend Vert, betwixt six crosse crosselets fitched Gules, three Crosier staffs, by the name of Peare.

The fifth is Arg. three Chaplets Vert, by the name of Richardson of Shropshire.

The sixth Azure, a Maunch, Or, by the name of Conyers.

The seventh is Gules, three Garters buck∣led and nowed Arg. by the name of Sydemer.

The eighth is Gules, six Annulets, three, two, and one, Or, this is quartered by the Earls of Cumberland.

The ninth is Gules, three tassals Or, by the name of Wooler.

Of Military things.

IN the next, are those that represent exam∣ples of Military things born in Armour, both of Land and Sea.

[illustration]

As first Arg. a Tower triple towered, Sab. chained transverse the port Or, by the name of Oldcastle.

The second Or, a Castle 〈◊〉〈◊〉 towred Gules,

the port displayed of the field leaved, Arg.

And here is to be noted, that it is never blazoned a Castle, but when it extendeth it self crosse the whole field, and sometimes you shall find a single Tower not turretted, as the first, in the Coat of Sir Richard Mans∣field.

The third is Gules, three single arches Arg. their capitals and pedestals by the name of Arches.

The fourth Or, a bridge of three arches in fesse Gules, masoned Sables, the 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 proper, on it a fane Arg. by the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Trowbridge of Trowbridge.

The fifth Sables, a Cheveron between three tents Arg. by the name of Tenton.

The sixth Arg. a sweep Azure, charged with a stone, or by the name of Magnal.

The seventh Or, a pillar Sables, enwrapped with an Adder Arg. by the name of 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

The eighth is Arg. three battering 〈◊〉〈◊〉 bar∣wayes proper, headed, Az. armed and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Or, by Robert 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Earl of Lyndsey.

The ninth Azure, three murthering chain∣shots Or, this is quartered by the Earl of Cum∣berland.

There are many other things born; as tilt∣spears, sometimes with penoncels, and some∣times without; Drums, Fifes, Trumpets, Can∣nons, Bows, Arrows, and the like: but their blazon is easie to every eye, that knows any thing of Armory.

Of Maritine things.

OF things belonging to the Sea, I have these examples.

The first Gules, three pieces of Masts cooped with their tops Arg. by the name of Cromer.

[illustration]

The second Gules, three Sayls Arg. by the name of Cavill.

The third Azure, a Rudder of a ship Arg.

The fourth Gules, an Anchor in pale Arg. the cros-piece Or, by the name of Goodred.

The fifth Or, a Lighter-〈◊〉〈◊〉 in fesse Gul.

The sixth Gules, the hull of a Ship, having only a main Mast, and a top, without tackling Or. This, saith Guillim, is the Coat-Armor of the Duke of Alasco in Polonia.

The seventh is Arg. a ship with three masts a sayl furld and hoysted to the main top shroud∣ed Sables, by the name of Mercers.

The eigth his Azure, a Galley passing under sayl, Or.

The ninth is Arg. a Cheveron Gules, be∣tween three Murriours Azure, by the Lord Brudenell.

Of Mechanical things.

THe last example, that I shall insert, is of other more ordinary Mechanical things.

[illustration]

The first is Arg. a Cheveron between three Palmers scrips Sables, the tassels and buckles Or, by Sir Henry Palmer of Kent.

The second is Gules, a Cheveron between three Irish Broges, Or.

The third is Sables, three Pickaxes Argent, by the name of Pigot.

The fourth is Arg. a fesse between three pheans Sables, by the name of Rowdon of York∣shire.

The sixth is Sables, three bels Arg. by the name of Porter.

The sixth is Azure, three Howboys between as many crosse crosselets Or, by the name of Bourden.

The seventh is Or, on a bend Az. three Ka∣therine Wheels Arg. by the name of Rudhall.

The eighth Az. three levels with their plu∣mets, Or, by the name of 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

The ninth is Arg. three bezants, on a chief 〈◊〉〈◊〉, by the name of 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

And here we are to take notice, that if these roundals are charged in counter-changes as be∣fore, then they are only called Roundals: but if any other 〈◊〉〈◊〉, as in this example, they are of a various blazon according to their colors, as thus.

If they are	Or,	then they are called	Bezants,
Argent,	Plates,
Sables,	Pellets,
Gules,	Vorteuxes,
Ligh-tblew,	Hurts.
Vert,	Pomeyes,
Purpure,	Golps,
Teune,	Oranges,
Sanguine,	Gules.

And thus much I think sufficient to be said of the examples of Charges in Coat-Armor. In the next place, I am to shew the differences of Helms, which distingnish in some part the ho∣nor of the bearer in his degree. The Crowns and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, differing more particularly the highest

degrees of Nobility, I shall also exemplifie in the conclusion of this discourse; and I hope shall raise, in some measure, a relation to the old proverb, Finis coronat opus.

Of Helmets.

THe differences of Helms is always exprest, when the Crest is given: and by this diffe∣rence a Gentleman is known in his degree by his hatchment, as much as these following ex∣amples 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

These Helmets are sometimes called cask and timbers; by the French, Helenum; by the Ro∣mans, Cassidem; by the Greeks, Galeam, a Co∣vering for the head in time of war; and our man∣ner of bearing crests on them is from their an∣cient fancy of adorning their Helmets with some kind of monstrous Device: as the Head or mouth of a Lyon, the paws or horns of cer∣tain beasts; to appear more terrible. And that which we call Mantle, is not, as some doe ridiculously suppose, the Vestment which they usually had to wear over their atms in War; or, as some would have it, to secure their shield from weather; but from this originall, that Princes and chief Commanders used to adorn their Helmets (according to their qualities) with rich buckles, studs, and circlets of gold, garnished with rich and costly stones, and on

the top or crests of them, wreaths of corded * 1.6 〈◊〉〈◊〉; being the Liveries of their Ladies and Mistrisses, as also some curled 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of hair, and those Cordons (like waving scarfs) dangled down behinde them on the Cruppers of their Horses, the ends being fairly tasselled and en∣riched, many times with Pearls and precious Stones: and thus especially they rid upon dayes of Triumph.

But in Germany and many other places where the laws of Honour and Armory are severely ob∣setved, a mean Gentleman or new Atchiever is * 1.7 not permitted to bear Helm, Mantle, or Crest, but by special favour.

[illustration]

The first differs from the 2. in that it is a side

standing helmet with the Beaver close, which is for all Esquires and Gentlemen.

The second, is the common fashion of Knights, which is a helmet standing direct forward with the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 open without guards.

The third, is a side-helmet open-faced guarde∣visure, which is proper for all persons of the Nobility, beneath a Duke and above a Knight.

The fourth is the Helmet of Persons exe∣cuting Soveraign Authority, which is a Helmet which is full forward open-faced, guarde-vi∣sure: which belongeth also to Princes and Dukes.

In this manner are all Degrees obviously differenced to every mans judgement in all hatchments. And, if they be above the degree of a Knight, that these do not distinguish to par∣ticulars; then they are also understood by their 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and Crowns.

Of Crowns and Coronets.

[illustration]

The first whereof is the Crown of the Em∣pire of Germany, which is but little different from that of England in the second, which is Emperial too.

The third is that Coronet of the Prince which is the same with the Kings, only the arches, mound, and crosse, wanting.

The fourth is the Crownet of an Archduke,

which is the same with a Duke, the Arch only added.

The fifth is a Crownet floral, only proper to a Duke.

The sixth is the Crownet of a Marquesse, which differs thus, It is of leaves and points, the leaves or flowers above the points.

The seventh is proper to an Earl, which hath points and flowers; but the points are above the flowers.

The eighth is due to a Viscount, which is a Circulet or Coronet pearled, and neither flow∣ers nor points.

The last is the form of that Crown, which is found to be in fashion in the time of William the Conqueror. Which I have inserted to shew the difference betwixt the Crown Imperial of England then, and now.

As to the antiquity of these Crowns or Diadems, as notes of Regality: I finde not any where a just authority to assure me of their Origination: but, that there were Crowns, long before Tragedies were in use, is to me very evident; though Sir William Segar is of opinion, the use of them came from thence. * 1.8 Yet, that the use of them in these parts of the World, might come from the giving of Crowns in Triumph, and Lawrels or Wreaths for Vertue, is very probable, which was a thing very frequent, and of very great anti∣quity among the Romans; and hath conti∣nued,

and been exercised in the Empire since the translation to Germany, and that with much Ceremony, as in the example of Joannes Cru∣sius, his receiving the Laurel as Stratsburgh an. 1616. See Mr. Selden his Titles of Honor, where it is at large, fol. 402.

Which custom hath since been in these parts, and indeed long before that time were Crowns given to Poets here; as, witnesse the example in St. Mary Overies Church, where one John Gower a Poet in Richard the seconds time hath a Statue crowned with Ivie mixed with Roses; but since it is more commonly used of Laurel. Though the Crown of Laurel or Bayes was first appropriated to him that triumphed for victory in the field. At which time, distincti∣ons of Crowns were observed according to the variety of merit. As Corona Muralis, this was due to him that was first seen upon the Wall of the Enemy. Corona Castrensis, for him that made a breach in the Castle of the Enemy; the first a Crown embattail'd, or made with battailment being of Gold, the other of Tow∣ers; And then they had Corona Navalis, gar∣nished with Fore-castles for service at Sea, made of Gold too.

Then Corona Ovalis of Myrtle; for victory, gotten with little hazard: Corona Obsidialis, which was made of grass for him that had preser∣ved an Army besiged. Corona Civica, for him that saved a Citizen from the Enemy, made of Oaken

boughs: Corona Olivaris of Olive leavs, for vi∣ctory in the Olympick games: And Corona Po∣pulea, for young men that were found industri∣ous and studious in the exercises of vertues. But I find that amongst these rewards of ho∣nor, the Crown made of Ivy, called Corona Hederalis was only appropriated to the Poets; and here we see the great encouragement given to Vertue, which was an age doubtlesse, when it was much exercised in all its species. When vertuous moderation received an estimation in the minds of young Nobility, before 〈◊〉〈◊〉 voluptuousnesse. And Honor more aimed at by steps of Vertue, than the engros∣sing parsimoniousnesse, or expending profuse∣nesse of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and unsatisfying uncertainty of riches; 〈◊〉〈◊〉 doubtlesse a most Noble Age. And why should any man make himself so 〈◊〉〈◊〉 concern'd in the true honor of his creation, as to set himself so little before the irrational 〈◊〉〈◊〉, as the Examples of ou idle and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Age do too often demonstrate, whilest all men naturally are ambitious of honor? And why should not any man blush to be seen reaching at it (that is only the recompence of vertue) till by some virtuous testimony he hath declared his desert? Certain I am, no generous and noble spirit ever breathed in any age, that did not present some opportunities of exercising virtue in one degree or other; and the reward in some measure is ever a con∣comitant

to Heroick and Ingenious merit. Or should it, in some case, fail the truly generous soul, though it misse its reward, yet it thinks it honor to have deserved Honor, and satisfies it self with that encouragement.

Thus I have given a succinct account of all manner of Bearings. Some will here ex∣pect, that I should now lay down rules to dis∣cover the worth of the Atchiever, by the na∣ture of the Atchivement; as Guillim, and others have 〈◊〉〈◊〉. It may be conjectured, how far a Coat-Armor is more or lesse honorable, by 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 of worth in the thing born; but 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 farther, from thence to a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the quality of the merit, for which that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was a reward, is altogether uncer∣tain. Therefore; for conclusion, I shal instance one Escutcheon of Examples more, which I think (though not difficult to blazon) not easily reducible to any such judgement, yet the Families well known of noble and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Descent.

The first is Sab. a Crosse engrailed Or, in the dexter Cant on a mullet Arg. an Inescut∣cheon of Ulstre, the addition of a Knight Baro∣net, being the Coat-Armor of Sir, Tho. Peyton of Knolton in East-Kent, Knight and 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

The second is Ermin on a chief Azure, three Lyoncels Rampant Or. The atchivement of Sir Anthony Aucher of Little-bourn in East-Kent.

The third is barry of twelve Or, and Sable, by Sir James and Sir Thomas Thynne of Long leak in Wiltshire.

The fourth is Arg. on a Cheveron Sab. three Escollop-shels Or, between three peelets, char∣ged with as many Martlets of the first; all with∣in a border Vert, by Anthony Hammon of St. Albons in East-Kent Esq.

[illustration]

The fifth is Arg. on a bend Az. three 〈◊〉〈◊〉 heads cabossed Or. On an Escutcheon of pre∣tence, Arg. a Cheveron Sab. betwixt three Ra∣vens, by Thomas Stanley of Cumberlow in Hert∣fordshire Esq the paternal coat his right by de∣scent, (with the distinstion of the third house)

of the Earls of Derby, the Escutcheon of pre∣tence as by match with the daughter and heir of Sir James Enyon of Flower in Northampton∣shire.

Where observe, that although a man marry the daughter and heir of a Coat-Armor, yet he hath not the power of quartering it, but on∣ly to empale it, or bear it thus in an 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of pretence; the liberty of quartering, being in the heir, who enjoyes both their Coats by right of blood. Observe also, that if any thing be thus hid by an addition either Can∣ton or Escutcheon of pretence, it is notwith∣standing to be nominated, That no detriment be to the Coat.

The sixth is Gules, three barbed arrows Arg. headed Or, by Edward Hales of Tunstal in Kent, Esq

The seventh is Arg. a Cheveron between three Milrines, Sab. by Roger James, of Rigale in Surrey, Esquire.

The eighth within a bordure bezanty Sab. Arg. an Imperial Eagle, by the Family of the Killigrews, in Cornwall.

The ninth Arg. a fesse Ermines between six Mullets, Sab. by Steven Penckhurst of Bux∣sted in Sussex, Esquire.

And now I hope I have not passed by any one thing that can be called pertinent to this discourse without some touch: perhaps, satis∣factory enough to any indifferent contemplati∣on.

The End of Armory.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Rules in Blazon.
• * 1.2

  Sir John Fern makes 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.3

  Colours.
• * 1.4

  Segar, Fern, Guillim.
• * 1.5

  Guillim.
• * 1.6

  Favin p. 1. ca. 3. fol. 24
• * 1.7

  Ib. p. 25.
• * 1.8

  Hon. Mil. & Civ. p. 213.