Kyrou paideia, or, The institution and life of Cyrus the Great written by that famous philosopher and general, Xenophon of Athens, and from the original Greek made English, the first four books by Francis Digby ..., the four last by John Norris.

XENOPHON'S INSTITUTION AND LIFE OF CYRUS the GREAT. The Fifth Book. (Book 5)

—Quid meliùs desidiosus agam?

AS for Cyrus, after he had call'd to him Araspes the Mede, (who was his Com∣panion from a Child, and to whom he gave his Median Robe at his Departure from Astyages unto Persia) he commanded him to keep for him the Woman and the Tent. Now this Woman was the Wife of Abradatus, the King of the Susans; but her Husband was not in the Field at the taking of the Tents of the Assyrians; but was gone on an Embassy to the King of the Bactrians.

He was sent by the Assyrian to desire his Assistance in the War, upon the account of his being once a Guest to the Bactrian King. Cyrus therefore com∣manded Araspes to secure this woman till such time as he should be ready to take her to himself. Aras∣pes, when he was bid do so, ask'd Cyrus, whether he had ever seen the woman whom he commanded him to keep? No truly, said Cyrus, not I. But I did (said Araspes) when I chose her out for you. And truly upon our first entrance into her Tent we did not know her: For she was sitting on the Ground with her waiting Maids all round about her; and her Habit was for all the world like theirs. But after we had took a View of them all, to see which * 1.1 was most likely to be the Mistress, she presently seem'd to excell all the rest, tho' sitting, veil'd and looking down upon the Ground. When we bid her rise up, all her Female Attendants rose together with her: But then it appear'd how she excell'd them all, first in Stature, then in Strength, Portli∣ness and graceful Movement, tho' with the Disad∣vantage of a mean Dress. And then you might have seen her all in Tears, some trickling down upon her Cloaths, and some down to her very Feet. And when the Eldest among us bad her chear up, telling her, that altho' by report she had a very excellent Husband, yet we did now design her for one who was no whit behind him, neither for Person, Inge∣nuity nor Power; and that Cyrus certainly, (if ever any man) was in our Judgments most worthy of Admiration, whose she should now be. As soon as she * 1.2 heard this, she rent her upper Garment, and sell a∣weeping; and her maids too cried in confort with her: And here the greatest part of her Face came in

view, together with her Neck and Hands. And now Cyrus, I must needs tell you, 'twas my Fancy, and the rest of my Fellow-Spectators, that there was never yet known, nor born of Mortals such ano∣ther woman in all Asia. But by all means, says he, you shall see her too. Ay, but if the be such an one as you set her out, reply'd Cyrus, I have the less mind to it. And why so, says the young man? Because, says he, if now upon the bare Character of her Beauty, and not having over much Leisure, I * 1.3 should suffer my self to be prevail'd upon to go and see her, I am afraid she will much more easily in∣duce me to make her another Visit; and so in a while, neglecting my Affairs, I shall do nothing but sit and stare her in the Face. And do you think then (says the young man with a Smile) that there are such powerful Charms in humane Beauty, as to com∣pell a man against his Will to do any thing which is not best? If 'twere naturally so, all would be compell'd alike. See (says he) how the Fire burns all equally; and the reason is, because it burns na∣turally: But now among Beauties, some we love some we don't; one loves this, and another that: For this depends wholly on the Pleasure of the Will: So that every one loves whom he pleases. A Brother does not fall in love with his Sister; but some body else does: Neither is a Father Inamourd with his Daugh∣ter, but some body else is. For Fear and the Law are sufficient to restrain Love. But if there were a Law made, that they which eat not should not be hungry, and that they which drink not should not be thirity; or that People should not be a-cold in the Winter, nor hot in the Summer: These are things which are beyond the Power of any Law, to make practicable by Men; because Humane Nature is apt

to be overcome by these things; but to love is a thing altogether voluntary: every one loves what is agreeable to his particular humour, just as he does such or such a Mode in his Habit. How then comes it to pass (says Cyrus) if Love be thus voluntary, that a man can't give over loving when he will? Have not I seen some weep merely through that Grief which their Love occasion'd, and serve those whom they loved, tho' before they were smitten, they thought it a miserable thing to be a Slave; and give away a great many things which they could not with any tolerable Convenience be without? Have not I known some wish as earnestly to be rid of their Love as of any other Disease, and yet could never free themselves of it; but were held by a stronger necessity than if they had been fast in Irons? And thence 'tis that they lay out themselves wholly upon those they love in many and fruitless Services; and do not so much as endeavour to disintangle themselves from the Evils which they suffer; but rather make it their Business to foment and keep a∣live the Flame. 'Tis confess'd (reply'd the young man) Men of degenerate and groveling Minds do as you say: And thence'tis, I believe, they are al∣ways as miserable men wishing to die; and yet when there are a thousand ways of departing this Life, they live on still: And such Men as these also are light-finger'd, and given to stealing: But when∣ever they do play the Thief, none so ready, you know, as your self to r•…•…prehend them (which argues you don't think they were under any necessity of Steal∣ing) and therefore you don't pardon, but punish them. In like manner beautiful persons don't force men to fall in love with them, nor to desire what they ought

not, but poor silly men are ungovernable in their Passions; and then they lay the Fault upon Love. But honest and good men, tho' they may desire to have Money, good Horses, and handsom Women, yet they can easily abstain from all these things, so as not to meddle with them in an unlawful way. As for my own part, tho' I have seen this Woman, and take her to be a great Beauty too, yet you see I am still with yon upon the March, and discharge what∣ver belongs to my Office. But perhaps (says Cyrus) you went away too soon for Love to level a Dart at you: For 'tis possible for a man to touch Fire, and yet not presently be burnt, and wood is not immediate∣ly kindled. And yet for all that I neither use to touch Fire when I can help it nor to gaze on Beauty. Neither would I advise you Araspes to let your Eyes dwell long upon a beautiful Face: For Fire indeed burns not unless you touch it; but Beauty kindles a Flame of Love in those that view at a distance. No Cyrus, says he, you may assure your self, tho' I should never leave looking upon her, I shall not be so far inslav'd as to commit any thing unworthy of my self. You say very well, says he, and therefore keep her for me as I command you, and have a care of her: For perhaps she may be of great use for us at a convenient Opportunity. After this Discourse was ended they parted from each other.

But the young man, partly through the Sight of this * 1.4 incomparably fair woman, partly because he had ob∣serv'd her excellent Accomplishments, and partly also, because he waited upon her, and perceiv'd his Service was acceptable to her; and withal, found her not ungrateful (as who in return took care of him by her Servants, that whenever he came in and out, he

should be handsomly accommodated; and if he hap∣pen'd at any time to be indisposed, he should want no Conveniencies) all this I say conspiring together he fell in love with her, which perhaps was no such great wonder: And so much for this.

Let us now return to Cyrus, who being willing that the Medes, and the rest of his Fellow Souldiers should abide with him chearfully and of their own accord, call'd together as many as he thought convenient; and when they were convened, said thus to them,

I am well assured (ye Medes, and all you that are here pre∣sent) that you took not this Expedition along with me, either for want of money, or for any thoughts of doing Service herein to Cyaxares; but purely out of a min'd to oblige and honour me, you would hazard your Lives with me in these Night-Marches, for which reason I cannot without great Injustice deny my self much indebted to you; but yet methinks I am not at present in a capacity to r•…•…te you; which I am not ashamed to confess: B•…•… to tell you, that I will requite you in case you •…•…arry with me, indeed I am asham'd of that: For that would look, I fancy, as if I said it for that very reason to make you more willing to stay with me. Instead therefore of that I say this, That altho' in Compliance to the Command of Cyax∣ares, you should go away from me, yet if I do a∣ny thing prosperously, I will endeavour so to do it, that you your selves shall praise me: For I am not now about to depart; but will be faithful to the Hircanians, to whom I have given my Hand in token of a League of Amity; so that it shall never be said that I have dealt treacherously with them. And as for Gobryas his part, who has gi∣ven

up to us the Fortifications, the Country, and the Forces, I shall make it my Care, that he ne∣ver have occasion to repent him of his Journey to me. Lastly, that which weighs most with me, is, that since the Favour and Good Will of Heaven appears so manifest in our good Success, we ought to fear the Gods the more, and be asham'd to go a∣way, and leave our Blessings behind us. This is my Resolution; but you do what you shall think

good, and tell me what you resolve to do: Thus far Cyrus. Then he that once claim'd Kindred with Cyrus made the first Reply: I believe (says he) you were no less design'd by Nature to be a King than the Leading Bee is in the Hive: For to him the Bees pay a voluntary Homage; and wherever his Abode is, there is the Court whither they all resort: And if he chance to take a Progress any whither, none of them all offer to desert him: Such an in∣credible Love have they naturally for their King.

After the same rate methinks these Men stand af∣fected * 1.5 towards you, for when you went from us un∣to Persia what Person among the Medes either young or old was absent from accompanying you, till Asty∣ages gave us order to return? And when you came again from Persia to our assistance we saw almost all your friends following you of their own accord. And again when you made an Expedition into these parts, all the Medes voluntarily followed you. And now you have such Influence upon us, that with you we can dare and be bold in the Enemies Coun∣try, but without you we should be affraid to return home. Therefore let others declare for what they will, as for me, and those under my Command, we will all abide with you, and fetching Supplies of

Courage from your sight will indure any thing, and yield to nothing but the Indearments of your Kind∣nesses. After this Tigranes began. I would not have you wonder Cyrus at my silence, for my mind is not prepared for long Debate but to Execute whatever you Command. And then Hyrcanius. If you should go away, now yee Medes, I should say it came to pass through the spite of some ill Genius that malig∣ned your growing happyness, For sure no man that Consults his Reason would turn away from his flying Enemy, or refuse to take his Arms or himself when he Surrenders both. Especially when we have such a Leader, who I verily believe would take more delight in benefitting us, then in Enriching himself. Then said all the Medes, You Cyrus lead us forth, and do you bring us home with you when you see good. Cyrus when he had heard all this, made this Prayer. Grant I beseech thee Almighty Jupiter, that I may outdo them in kindnesses who honour me. After this he gave order that the rest having first placed the Guards, should take care of themselves, but that the Persians should dispose of the Tents, to the Horse such as were convenient for them, to the Foot such as were fit for them. And that they should so order things, that all those who were in the Tents should provide things Necessary and bring them home to the Ranks of the Persians, and furnish them with Horses ready for Service. But that the Per∣sians should have nothing else to do, besides Exerci∣sing their Arms.

And thus they pass'd the Day. On the Morrow, as∣soon as they rose they made an Expedition to Gobryas, Cyrus himself being on Horse-back with the Persian Horse who were now improv'd to the number of about

two thousand. After these followed a company of Men of the same number with Grated Irons and hunting Spears. And so the rest of the Army March'd on in due order. Cyrus also gave Command to every Leader, that they should tell their fresh Souldiers, that whoever of them should be seen behind the Bringers up of the Rear, or before the Front, or out of their Ranks in ei∣ther Wing should be sure to be punish'd. The next day after, about Sun-set they arrive at the place where Gobryas was, and perceive the Fortification to be ve∣ry strong, and that the Walls were furnish'd with all things requisite for their own defence. Besides they observ'd that a great many Oxen and Sheep were brought under the Works. Gobryas upon the news of Cyrus his Arrival sent word to him that he should Ride round about the Castle, and observe where it was most Accessible, and that he should send some trusty Men in unto him, who should informe him of all they saw within. Cyrus therefore willing to see whether the Castle might any where be taken, or whether there was any deceit in Gobryas, rode round about it, and perceiv'd 'twas every way too well fenc'd for Access. And withal those who were sent in unto Gobryas bring Cyrus word, that there seem'd to them to be Provision enough within for an whole Age. Now as Cyrus was perplex'd to think what this should be, Gobryas himself comes forth to him, bringing all that were within out with him, some of which brought Wine and Meal, some drove Oxen, Swine, Sheep and Goats, and what other Provision of Victuals they had they brought it all out, so that Cyrus his whole Army met with a very plentiful Supper. But Gobryas when he had brought out all his Men, bid Cyrus get in with as much safe∣ty

as he could. Cyrus therefore having sent some spies with a Troop of his own before-hand, at length enters himself. And when he was got in, holding the Gates open he call'd to him all his friends and the Captains of his Army. And after * 1.6 they too were got in, Gobryas bringing out his Gol∣den Plate, Lavers, Pots and all kind of Ornaments, and a great deal of old Coin, and last of all his Daughter (who was of a goodly Stature and excee∣ding Fair, but in mourning for the Death of her Brother) spoke after this manner: I deliver up this my Substance to you Cyrus, and I intrust you with this my Daughter, whom you may dispose of as you please. But we both are come humble Suppli∣cants to you, I as before, that you would revenge the Death of my Son, and she now of her Brother. To which Cyrus reply'd, I promised you then to avenge your Cause to the utmost of my power, on condition you did not deceive me, and now since I have found you true, I acknowledge my self bound to make good my promise. And the same I here promise to do for her. And as for your Money I accept it, and here give it all to this your Daugh∣ter, and the Man that shall Marry her. There is yet one gift more which when I have receiv'd from you, I will be gone. Which if you give me, I shall be better pleas'd then with all the Treasures in Babylon. Gobryas wondring with himself what this might be, and conjecturing 'twas his Daughter, ask'd him what it was. To which Cyrus repli'd I believe there are many Men who would not willingly be guilty of any impiety, or any injustice, or any deceit. But because no Body would ever commit Money, Power, Castles or lovely Children to their trust, they be dye∣fore

they are known to be what they are. But you by intrusting me with your Fortifications, your Treasures, your Power and your Daughter, which is worth all, have given me an occasion of shewing to the World, that I am one, that will neither be guilty of any Unkindness towards my Guest, nor any in∣justice for the sake of Mony, nor of any false-hood in not standing to my Covenant. Assure your self therefore that I will never forget this action of yours as long as I have any Justice in me, but will endea∣vour to requite you by doing you all the good I can. Neither would I have you doubt of getting such an Husband for your Daughter as is worthy of her. For I have many and good Friends, whoever of which shall Marry her will have as much Mony as you give, if not more. I would have you know there are some among them who will not respect or admire you one jot the more, for the Money which you bestow. And yet they now Emulate my good Fortune, and pray to all the Gods, that they may have an opportunity, of declaring to the World that they are as faithful to their friends as I, and that they would never yield to their Enemies, while they have Breath. Neither do they prefer all the Wealth of the Syrians and Assyrians and yours to boot, be∣fore Vertue and a good Name. Such Men as these I assure you are here with me. To this Gobryas Smi∣ling, pray Cyrus will you tell me where these Men are to be found, that I may beg one of them of you for a Son-in law. You need not, reply'd the other, inquire this of me, but if you will go along with us, you shall be able to shew every one of them to another.

This said, he took Gobryas by the hand, and went out, with all his Retinue. And when Gobryas

was mighty earnest with him, to Sup with him, he refused, and Supp'd in his Tent, and took Gobryas to Sup with him. Where as he was sitting on his Bed of Straw, tell me Gobryas, says he, do you think you have more Beds then me? No truly, reply'd Go∣bryas, I am sure you have most Beds, and your House is much larger then mine, for all Heaven and Earth are in stead of a House to you. And you have as many Beds as there are resting places upon the Ground. Neither do you make your Blankets of Fleeces of Wooll, but of the Branches of Trees which grow on the Mountains or in the Fields. Gobryas having never Supp'd with them before, and observing the Meanness of the Meat which was set before them, thought their way of Life was much more Liberal then that of his own Nation. For no well * 1.7 Disciplin'd Persian seems any more concern'd at the sight of any Meat or Drink, so as in the least to for∣get what is becoming, then if there were none at all before him. But as good Horsemen, because not disturb'd with riding, can look about, hear and dis∣course as they ride, so these think it fit to appear prudent and moderate at Meals, and look upon it as a Brutish thing to be affected or mov'd at the sight of Meat or Drink. He observ'd also that they ask'd one another such questions, which was more pleasant to propose, then not, and that they used such sharp∣ness of Repertees which was better to use, then not, and that their jesting was without any scurri∣lousness, filthiness or passion. But that which see∣m'd to him most observable was, that when they were in an Expedition, they did not assign any of them the largest Portion, who under-went the same danger, but thought the best Banquet was to

have the stoutest and best Fellow Souldiers.

But as Gobryas rose up, and was ready to go home, says he to Cyrus, I now no longer wonder, that we have more store of Cups, Cloaths and Gold then you, and yet that you are of greater worth then we. For we make it our business to abound with these, and you to be as excellent as you can. Then said Cyrus to him, see Gobryas that you come hither to Mor∣row-Morning with your Horse ready Arm'd, that I may take a Survey of your Forces, and that you may lead us through your Territories, that we may know what belongs to our Friends, and what to our Enemies. This said, they went both of them to their respective places. Assoon as 'twas Day Go∣bryas was come with his Horse, and lead them the Way. But Cyrus as every Commander ought to do * 1.8 was not only intent upon his Journey, but consi∣der'd with himself as he went, whether there was any way to weaken the Enemy, and fortisie his own Party. Whereupon calling to him Hyrcanius and Gobry∣as (for these he took to be most skilful in the things where in he wanted to be inform'd) I believe says he, my Friends, I shall not miscarry in this War, if I use the Advice of such faithful Men as you: For I believe you ought to make it more your Concern than I, that we be not worsted by the Assyrians: As for my own part, if I chance to miscarry in this, I know whither to retreat; but as for you, if you be overcome, all that you have will be taken from you. He is my Enemy not for any particular Pique he has against me; but because he thinks it not expedient for himself that we should flourish; and that's the only reason why he makes War with us: But you he hates, and complains of wrong done to

him by you. To which they both made answer, That they were apprehensive how the Case stood; and that they would make it their great Care how the Issue of the present Affair should be.

Then said Cyrus, I would fain know of you whether * 1.9 the Assyrian takes you to be the only Enemy he has, or whether you know of any other that is hostily affect∣ed towards him? Yes, replied Hyrcanius, the Cadu∣sians are great Enemies to him, a very populous and warlike Nation; and also our Neighbours the Saci∣ans, who have suffer'd many Affronts from the Assy∣rian: For he endeavoured to subject them to him∣self as well as us. Do you think then (says he) these two will readily combine with us to invade the Assyrian? Yes, say they, with all their Hearts, if they could but associate with us. Why, what hinders? Says he, these very Assyrians, through whose Countrey you are now passing. When Cyrus heard this, said he to Gobryas, and have not I heard you complain of the intolerable Pride and Insolence of this young Man who now enjoys the Kingdom? Yes, says Gobryas, I have had enough Experience of it. And did he behave himself so towards you only, or towards others also? Yes, says Gobryas, towards a great many: And as for those which he has maim'd and abus'd, 'tis in vain to go about to reckon them. Particularly one above the rest, who was the Son of a man of much greater Quality than my self, and his own Companion too, whom, as they were drinking together, he took and gelded; and that because, as some report, his Miss commen∣ded him for an handsom Man, and magnified the Happiness of her that should have him for her Hus∣band; but, as he says, because he had attempted the

Honour of his Concubine. So he is now made an Eunuch, and upon the Decease of his Father, has the Government in his own Hands. Do you think then says Cyrus, that this man also would be well plea∣sed to see us, if he thought he should have our As∣sistance? Yes to be sure, says Gobryas; but 'tis a thing of great Difficulty to come to the Sight of him. How so? says Cyrus. Because whosoever will joyn Forces with him, must necessarily pass along by Ba∣bylon. And what Difficulty is there in that? says Cyrus. Because, says he, I know greater Forces have been sent out thence than yours by far; and you must know, that the reason why the Assyrians do not bring forth as many Arms and Horses as they were wont to do formerly, is because your Forces seem'd very inconsiderable to those that saw them, and because they are so represented by Common Fame: And therefore in my Opinion 'tis best Pru∣dence to march on warily. You say well, replied Cyrus, in advising us to march as safely as we can; But upon Consideration, I cannot think of a safer * 1.10 Course, than to march on directly towards Babylon, since there lies the main Strength of the Enemy: For that they are very numerous you your self acknow∣ledge; and if they once take Courage too, they must needs be very formidable to us. Now if they should not see us, and think that we conceal our selves for fear of them, they will certainly shake off that Fear which was once upon them, and heighten their Courage in proportion to the time that we keep out of Sight: whereas, if we now march on directly against them, we shall find many of them be∣wailing their Slain, many binding up the Wounds which they received from us; and all of them bear∣ing

in mind the boldness of this our Army, and the Flight and Misfortune of their own. And you must know Gobryas, that 'tis natural for most Men when they are flush'd up with Confidence, to be very ven•…•…u∣rous and daring; But when they are once seiz'd with Fear, the more they are in multitude, the greater is their Dread and Astonishment: For their Terrour is augmented from the number of ill Reports, and false Alarms, from the variety of sad Accidents, and from the multitude of dispirited and drooping Fa∣ces. Neither is it an easie matter to take off such a great Terrour with an Harangue, or to inspirit them with new Courage by the best managed Conduct: For the more they are exhorted to take Courage, the greater they suspect the Danger. This likewise is to be taken into Consideration, that if in War the greatest Number be sure to be victorious, you have reason to fear our Success; and indeed the Danger lies on our Side. But if now, as ever here∣tofore, the Event of the War be to be measur'd from the Valour and Courage of the Souldiers, you have more reason to take Heart and hope well: For by the help of the Gods, you will find there are more true Fighters among us than among them. And to encourage you the more, consider this also, that our Enemies are fewer in number now than they were before they were overcome by us; and that they are now fewer than when they ran away. Whereas on the contrary we are greater now than at first when we overcame; and more confirm'd in Courage by our good Fortune, and more numerous by the Ad∣dition we receiv'd from you: For I would not have you any longer undervalue your own men, now they are ingrafted into one Body: For they

that go along with Conquerours partake of their Courage. And you would do well to consider that 'tis possible for the Enemy to see us even as we are now, but we have no way to appear more formidable to them, then by marching directly against them. This then is my Resolution, and therefore lead on to∣wards Babylon.

Whereupon they did accordingly, and on the fourth Day they touch'd upon the Borders of Go∣brias his Country. Cyrus upon his Entrance into the Enemy's Confines, commanded as many of his Horse and Foot as he thought Sufficient to stand with him, in a ready Posture of Arms, and the rest of his Horse he suffer'd to sally out, commanding them to kill all that were Arm'd, and to bring the •…•…est with the Cattle that they took to him. He com∣manded also the Persians to sally out, many of whom return'd back having tumbl'd off from their Horses, and many with much Plunder with them. Upon the sight of which he call'd together the Commanders of the Mede's and Hyrcanians, and the Persian Peers, and thus bespoke them.

Gobryas (my Friends) has entertain'd us with abundance of good things, and therefore if after we have first set apart a con∣venient Portion for the Gods, and the rest of the Army, we give the remainder to him, I think we should do well, that so it may appear that we en∣deavour

to out-do our Benefactours in kindness. Assoon as this was heard they all applauded and consented to the Motion. But one more forward then the rest, say'd, let us do so Cyrus by all means, for I fancy this Gobryas took us for a company of Poor Fellows, because we did not come laden with Ornaments made of old Coyn, nor Drink out of

Golden Vessels. But now if we do this, we may let him see, that men may be Liberal without Mo∣ney. Go therefore and set aside what is due to the Gods and Sufficient for the Army, and give the rest to Gobryas. which was done accordingly.

After this Cyrus March'd on toward Babylon, ha∣ving dispos'd his Army in the very same order as when they ingage. But perceiving the Assyrian declin'd to come forth, Cyrus commanded Gobryas to ride up and down and declare to them, that he * 1.11 would Fight with their King himself, if he would come forth and Fight for his Country. But if he would not appear in his Country's defence, they must of necessity yield to their Conquerours. Go∣bryas therefore went on towards them as far as he might with safety, and told them the words of Cy∣rus. whereupon the Assyrians sent out one to him with this answer, thus says thy Master Gobryas, It does not at all repent me that I kill'd thy Son, but that I did not kill thee too. But if you have a mind to Fight, come here again thirty days hence. But now we are not at leisure, because we are yet in Preparation for War. I wish, says Gobryas, thou would'st always repent, because then I should be thy Tormentor from the first minute of thy Repen∣tance. After this Gobryas return'd the Answer of the Assyrian, to Cyrus, who thereupon drew off his Army, and calling Gobryas to him, tell me, says he, did not you say that he who was gelt by the Assyri∣an would joyn himself with us? Yes, says he, I am well assured of it. For he and I had not long ago a great deal of free discourse together. Why then, says Cyrus, when you have a convenient time go you to him, and at first comply with him in every

thing, and do as he would have you. But if aftex you have convers'd with him a pretty while you find him inclinable to Associate with us, your next business must be to contrive how his siding with us may be conceal'd. For this you must know is a Maxim, That no one can do his Friend a greater kindness in War, then by being thought his Ene∣my, nor a greater diskindness to his Enemy then by seeming his Friend. I know, says Gobryas, that this Gadatas, would willingly even buy an oppox∣tunity of mischiefing this Assyrian King. But his ability must be consider'd as well as his will. Tell me therefore, says Cyrus, whether you think that the keeper of the Garrison will admit this gelt man with his Forces into this Castle, which stands behi∣ther this Country, and which you say was built to secure it against the Assaults of the Hyrcanians and Sacians? Yes without doubt, says Gobryas, since as he is now he may come to him unsuspected. Why then, says Cyrus, he will be as little suspected if I * 1.12 make an Invasion upon his Coast, as if I had a mind to take it, and he seem to defend it to the utmost of his power, and I take something that is his, and he take some other of my Men, or else those Embas∣sadours of mine whom I sent to them, who you say are ill affected toward the Assyrian. And let those that are taken pretend they are going to the Army, to fetch Ladders wherewith to scale the walls of the Ca∣stle. Whereupon, let the Eunuch pretend hat he will go thither and discover the business. Well, says Gobryas, if matters be thus carried, I don't question but the Governour of the Castle will receive him, and Intreat him to stay with him till you draw off. But do you think (says Cyrus) if he once get into

the Castle he will be able to deliver it up into our Power. 'Tis very probable (says Gobryas) conside∣ring what he may do by managing things within, and you by your violent Siege without. Go then, says Cyrus, and give the Eunuch his lesson, and when you have done, return hither again; but don't warrant him a closer League of Amity than you have with us your self.

Upon this Gobryas departed; the Eunuch look'd very pleasingly and chearsully upon him, and imme∣diately consented to the Business. Cyrus having received Information from Gobryas, that they had made sure of the Eunuch, the very next day began the Siege. Gadatas the Eunuch made defence. Cy∣rus took those places which Gadatus order'd him to invade. As for the Messengers which Cyrus sent / some Gadatas let pass, that they might bring a fresh Sup∣ply of Forces, and carry thither some Ladders; but those which he took he put to the Inquisition, in the Presence of a great Number of People; and when they had confess'd upon what Errand they were go∣ing, he presently preparing himself for a Journey, posted away by Night on a pretence of disclosing the Plot. At length his Report being credited, he got into the Castle in the Score of an Assistant; and at first indeed he assisted the Governour of the Ca∣stle in what he could. But assoon as ever Cyrus was come, Gadatas takes the Government of the Ca∣stle into his own Hands, using the help of Cyrus his Captives. Assoon as this was done, Gadatas setting all things in due Order within, comes forth to Cy∣rus, whom, as soon as he had honour'd according to the Ceremony then in use, Much Joy to you Cyrus, says he. I am very joysul, replied the other:

For you by the Favour of Heaven not only bid me rejoyce, but compel me whether I will or no: For I would have you know, that I look upon't as a great Happiness, that I can leave this Country to these my Fellow-Souldiers in a State of Peace: But as for your part Gadatas, tho' the Assyrian has de∣priv'd you of the Faculty of getting Children, yet he has not took from you the Knack of making Friends. Assure your self therefore, that by this single Deed of yours, you have obliged us to be your Friends, who will in requital be so far assist∣ant to you on all Occasions, that you shall find Son and Nephews in us. Thus Cyrus: And then Hyrca∣nius, as soon as ever he had notice what was done, ran to Cyrus, and taking him by the Hand, How much am I indebted to the Gods, says he, Cyrus, my best of Friends, that they have joyn'd me with you! But go your way, says Cyrus, and take the Castle into your own Power, for whose sake you so embrace me, and so manage it, to the best advan∣tage of your self, the rest of my Fellow-souldiers, and especially of this Gadatas, who surrender'd it up to us. Shall we then, says Hyrcanius, when the Cadusians and the Sacians, with my Citizens, are come call him too, that all of us who are concern'd may consult in common how to make the most of this our Castle? which Proposal, Cyrus liked very well. When therefore they were all conven'd who had the charge of the Castle, they agreed that it should be kept in common by those whose interest 'twas to have it quiet, that it might serve them for a Garrison in War, and for a Defence against the Assyrians. When this was so order'd, the Cadusians, Sacians and Hyrcanians, were much more forward

to Lift themselves together. So that from among the Cadusians, there was rais'd an Army of twenty thousand Target men, and about four thousand Horse, and among the Sacians, ten thousand Ar∣chers, and two thousand Horse of the same. The Hyrcanians also augmented the number of their Foot as much as they could, and made their Horse up two thousand. For before the greater part of their Horse was left at home, because the Cadusians and Sacians, were at eumity with the Assyrians.

But during all the time that Cyrus abode there, to order the Affairs of the Castle, many of the Neigh∣bouring Assyrians brought him Horses and Arms, * 1.13 because they now stood in fear of all Borderers. After this, Gadatas came to Cyrus, and told him that he was inform'd by Messengers that came to him, that the Assyrian was mightily concern'd about the deli∣very of the Castle, and that he was in Preparation to make an Incursion upon the Coast of Gadatas. Wherefore if you will dismiss me, Cyrus, I will en∣deavour at least to secure the Works, as for the rest no great matter what becomes of it. If you go now then, repli'd Cyrus, against what time will you be at home? By the third day, says Gadatas, I will Sup within my own Territories. And do you think you shall find the Assyrian there? Yes without doubt, says Gadatas. For the farther off he thinks you to be, he will make the more hast. But how soon do you think (says Cyrus) I can Arrive thither with my Army? You must consider, says Gadatas, your Army is now swell'd to a considerable bigness, and there∣fore you can scarce come to my Habitation in six or seven days. Do you then, says Cyrus, hasten away with all s•…•…eed, and I will march a•…•…r as fastas I can, Whereupon Gadatas •…•…ent.

But Cyrus calling together the chiefs of his fellow-Souldiers * 1.14 who now seem'd to be many and gallant Men, made this Speech to them. Gadatas (my Fel∣low Souldiers) has obliged us all with Kindness of a very high Nature, and that before he had recei∣ved any from us. And now 'tis reported that the Assyrian invades his Territories, intending to re∣venge himself upon him, because he thinks himself very much wrong'd by him. And perhaps he thinks with himself, that if he should take no Revenge up∣on Revolters, and if those that adhere to him should be thus continually slaughter'd by us, in a little time none will be on his Side any longer. I think therefore 'twou'd be a very commendable thing, if we did chearfully lend our assistance to Gadatas, a man that has so well deserv'd at our hands. This I think would be but a just Gratitude to him, and it may be a piece of self-interest: For if Men once observe that we endeavour to out-do them in ill Turns that hurt us, and them in good Turns that oblige us, 'tis probable that we shall have many that will seek our friendship, and that none will much care to be at Enmity with us. But now if we seem to neglect Gadatas, with what Rhetorick shall we prevail with others to do us any Kindness? How shall we be able to justifie our selves? How will any of us be able to look Gadatas in the Face, if we who are so numerous suffer him to overcome us in Kindness; and at such a Pinch of Necessity too as this? Thus Cyrus, to which they all unanimously agreed. Well then, says Cyrus, since all of you like the Proposal, let every one of us leave those with the Horses and the Carriages who are fittest to march with these; and let Gobryas head them, since

he is acquainted with the ways, and useful also for other Services: But let us, taking the choicest both * 1.15 of Horse and Men, and three days Provision, set out immediately: For the less we incumber our selves, we shall Dine, Sup and Sleep the sweeter for these three days following: Now let us march in this Order. In the first place do you Chrysantas lead those that wear Breast-Plates (since the way is smooth and broad) having all the Captains in the Front; and let every Company march one by one after each other: For if we are close knit together in a Body, our March will be the faster and the safer. And for that Reason I would have those that wear Breast-Plates lead before, because they are the heaviest part of the Army. Now if the heaviest part go fore∣most, the lighter must needs follow with more ease: But if the most expedite Part lead by Night, 'tis no wonder if the Army be sever'd: For then the fore∣part leaves the other lagging behind. Next, let Artabazus lead the Persians, who carry Targets and Bows. Next, let Andramias the Mede lead the Medi in Foot; then Embas the Armenian Foot; then Artucas the H•…•…rcanians; then Thambradas the Sacian Foot: And after all these le•…•… Damatas lead the Cadusians. And let all these so lead, that the Captains of the Companies be in the Front, the Target-men on the right Wing, and the Archers on the left Wing of their respective Companies: For if they march in this Order, they will be the rea∣dier for any Service: Then let the Lieger-Boys follow with the Carriages, and let the Captains take care that they pack up all their things before they sleep, and that they are ready in the morning at the set place with their Carriages, and so march in their

Order. After the Carriages let Madatas the Persian lead the Persian Horse, having the Centurions of the Horse in the Front: And let every Centurion lead a single Company by himself, as the Comman∣ders of the Foot do. After these let Rambacas the Mede lead his Horse, and after him do you Tigranes lead yours: And let the other Commanders of the Horse lead those whom they brought with them when they came to us. After these let the Sacians be led. The Cadusians, as they came last of all, so let them bring up the Rear: And these, Alcenna, I commit to your Conduct: And now let every Commander shew his Wisdom by marching silent∣ly: For every thing must be observ'd and done in the night more by the Ear than the Eye. Besides, there is more danger in having any Disturbance hap∣pen by Night than by Day, and more difficulty in allaying it again. You must of necessity therefore be silent, and keep your Order. As for our Night-Watches, as often as we have occasion to move our Station by Night, we must make them as short and as frequent as we can, lest over-watching indis∣pose us for our March. When the hour of march∣ing is come the Signal must be given by a Trumpet. And then let every one make ready what he thinks necessary, and be present in the way that leads to∣wards Babylon. And let every one that goes before encourage him that is behind to follow him.

After this they went to their Tents, and as they were going they discoursed among themselves what a vast memory Cyrus had, in that if he had any con∣cern * 1.16 with any man he would speak to him by name. But this Cyrus did on set purpose, as think∣ing

it a great shame, that a Mechanic Artificer should know the name of all his Tools, and that a Physician should know the names of all the parts of the Body and of the Medicaments which he uses, and that a General should be so foolish as not to know the names of his under-Officers which he must make use of as Instruments, whether he be minded to take any thing or keep any thing, to en∣courage his Souldiers or to terrify them. Besides, if the * 1.17 should have a mind to bestow any Honour upon any one, he thought it very expedient that he should call him by his name. And again, he was of opini∣on that those who thought themselves particularly known to the Prince would the more desire to be seen when they did any brave exploit, and abstain from what was unworthy of them with the greater abhorrence. He thought it also very unseemly that a General when he would have any thing done, should command in the same manner as some Masters of Families do at home, Go some body and fetch me some Water, and some body go cleave the wood: For should he command after this manner, he thought all would stand looking one upon another, and no body would do the thing commanded. And that tho' they were all equally in fault yet no body would blush for shame, or be concern'd for himself in particular, because he had a great many to bear him company in his guilt. For these reasons when∣ever he commanded any thing to be done, he spoke to them all by name.

This was the judgment of Cyrus, as to this. Now his Souldiers when they had Supp'd and pla∣ced the Guards and pack'd up what was necessary betook themselves to their rest. At Midnight the

Trumpet alarum'd them up for the march. Cyrus giving order to Chrysantas that he should stay on the way, at the head of the Army, set forth with a small Guard attending him. In a short time after Chrysantas was come leading those that wore Breast∣plates, Cyrus gave him some to be his guides on the way and bad him march leasurely on till the re∣turn of the Messenger. For they were not all yet upon the way. He himself standing still in one place, bad every one as they came along go in his order, and if any lagg'd behind he sent one to him to hasten him forward. Assoon as all were upon the Way, he sent a company of Horse to Chrysantas to tell him of it, and that he should therefore march the faster. He himself riding on toward the Front, silently ob∣serv'd their Orders, and whomsoever he observ'd to march orderly and quietly he rode up to them and ask'd who they were. And when he knew he com∣mended them. But if he took notice of any that made disturbance he examin'd the matter and used his endeavour to Compose the disorder.

There is yet one more Instance of his Industry * 1.18 by night to be mention'd, which is, that he sent a few nimble Foot-men before the body of the Ar∣my, who might still be in sight of Chrysantas and be seen by him, that if any thing considerable came within their notice they might inform Chrysantas of it. And there was one among them who Com∣manded and managed them. Who if any thing occurr'd worth Communication he imparted it, if not, he would not trouble them with needless alarms. And after this manner they march'd that night. On the Morrow Cyrus left some of the Ca∣dusian Horse with their Foot in r•…•…d they march'd

last of all, lest they should be quite destitute of the aid of the Horse. The rest he order'd to march in the Front, directly opposite to the Enemy, that in case any Opposition should be made, he might be in a ready posture to encounter it, but if any fled, he might persue with all Expedition. And he had al∣ways those ready by him, who were fit for a Per∣suit if need were, and those who were fit to bide with him. For he would never suffer all his ranks to be dispers'd by a Persuit at once. Thus did Cyrus lead his Army. Neither did he keep constantly to one place, but rode up and down and bestowed his Care and Labour where ever there was need of it. In this posture march'd Cyrus his Army.

But a certain man belonging to the Troop of Ga∣datas, of considerable quality, hearing that his Ma∣ster had revolted from the Assyrian, thought he should be able to beg all that Gadatas had of the Assyrian, in case he should miscarry. Whereupon he dispatches a trusty messenger of his own to the Assyrian, telling him that if he saw the Assyrian for∣ces * 1.19 in the Coast of Gadatas, he should tell the Assyrian that if he would ly in Ambush he might easily take Gadatas and those that were with him. More∣over he had him a quaint him with the number of forces which Gadatas had under his conduct, and that Cyrus did not accompany him. He gave him also directions how to find Access. And to make the business the more plaosible he gave order to his Dome∣sticks that they should deliver up the Castle which he had in the Country of Gadatas to the Assyrian with every thing in it. Telling them withal that he him∣self would come to them when Gadatas was kill'd, if he could, if not, however he would henceforth side with the Assyrian. Now when the person em∣ployed

in this business was come with all the expe∣dition he could to the Assyrian, and had given an account of his errand, the Assyrian immediately upon the reception of this News, sieses the Castle, and lays a great number of Horse and of Chariots in Ambush all the Villages round about. Gadatas be∣ing but a little way off from these Villages, sent out some to spy the Country. The Assyrian percei∣ving it Order'd two or three Chariots with a few Horse-men to fly from them as if they were afraid, and their number but very small. Assoon as the spies took notice of this, they not only Persued them∣selves, but gave a sign to Gadatas to do the like. He gull'd with this Pretence follows on with all the eagerness imaginable. The Assyrians when they thought they had Gadatas sure rise immediately from their Ambush. Upon this Gadatas his Men fled, and the other partly Persu'd. In the Persuit he that laid this Ambush for Gadatas, wounded him in the Shoulder, but not mortally. As soon as he had don't he rode off and joyn'd himself with the rest of the Persuers. Where assoon as ever he was known, riding on briskly with the Assyrians he assisted the King in the Persuit. And here those who had but slow Horses were taken by them who were better mounted. The Horse of Gadatas were now in a great strait, being almost quite run off their leggs, when by good Fortune they saw Cyrus coming with his Army. This you must needs think was as wel∣come a sight to them, as the Haven to weather-bea∣ten Sea-men. Cyrus was at first startled at the stran∣geness of the accident, but assoon as he understood the business, as long as the Enemy attacked them, he led on his Army against them. But assoon as the

Enemy finding which way the wind stood began to retreat, Cyrus sent out a company fit for the purpose to persue them, and he himself follow'd on with some others as far as he thought convenient. Here they * 1.20 took some of their Chariots, and killed a great many of their Men, and among the rest him that woun∣ded Gadatas. But the Assyrian foot who were lay∣ing siege to the Castle of Gadatas partly secured themselves within the Works, partly betook them∣selves to a certain great City of the Assyrian King, whither he himself also with his Chariots and Horses had fled.

After these Transactions Cyrus retreats into the Country of Gadatas, and committing the care of the Prisoners to those who were deputed for that Office, he marches directly on toward Gadatas, to see how he did of his wound. As he was in his march Gadatas meets him with his wound bound up, whom assoon as Cyrus saw, I was coming, says he smiling, to see how you did do. And I, reply'd * 1.21 Gadatas, on the other side, was coming to see you, that I might once more behold that face where such a great Soul lodges. For though you stand in need of me in nothing that I know, nor have obliged your self by promise, nor been at all ingaged to me by any kindness (unless this must go for one that I seem'd to do a small piece of service to your friends) yet you have afforded me your assistance with all readiness and alacrity. I protest to you Cyrus, were I in the condition that I was born in, and had Chil∣dren of my own, I question whether one of my own Sons would have been so kindly affected towards me. For I know how •…•…is with other Children, and particularly that this very Assyrian King has been an

occasion of more trouble to his own Father then he can be now to you. Then said Cyrus, Gadatas you spend all your Admiration upon me and pass by a greater wonder unobserv'd. And what's tha•…•… says Gadatas. That so many Persians, so many Medes, Hyrcanians, Armenians, Sacians and Cadusians came to your aid. Then said Gadatas, may Heaven showr down plenty of blessings upon all these and on him that gain'd me their good will. But that we may bestow a handsome Collation on these which you so commend, take these Presents such as they are which I here make you. With that he brought forth good store of good things, that those who were so disposed might do sacrifice, and that the whole Army might have a splendid entertainment, according to the greatness of their Exploits, and the happy success of the day.

But now Cadusius who brought up the Arrear be∣ing * 1.22 minded to do something notable himself in re∣gard he was no partner in the Persuit, made an Ex∣cursion into the Country near Babylon never ac∣quainting Cyrus with his Design. And when his Horse was all in disorder, the Assyrian King came unexpectedly upon him from the Citty where he took refuge with his Army rang'd into good Or∣der. And perceiving the Cadusians to be alone, he set upon them, and kill'd their Leader with many others. He took also a great many of their Horses, and the Prey which they then had accidentally with them. The Assyrians having Persued the Cadusians as far as they thought they might with safety, re∣treated. The Cadusians which escaped came home to their Tents about the Evening. Cyrus when he had an account of the adventure came forth to meet

the Cadusians, and whomsoever he saw wounded * 1.23 he took and sent him to Gadatas, that he might be cured. The rest he put together in the same Tents, where he took special care that they might have what was necessary. This sad accident Cyrus took so much to heart, that when the rest were at Sup∣per, he with the attendants and Physicians, left no man neglected with their good will, but either he himself would stand and look on, or if he could not do so, he would send those who should attend upon them. After this they betook themselves to their rest.

But assoon as it was day he ordered a Proclama∣tion to be made that of the rest the Commanders only, but that all the Cadusians should convene to∣gether, to whom he made this Oration. The Ac∣cident * 1.24 which has befallen us fellow-Souldiers is but what Humane Nature is Subject to. For that men should be guilty of an errour is no such strange mat∣ter. However this accident has taught us one good lesson, That a party which is not able to cope with the Enemy must never venture to stray from the Bo∣dy of the Army. I do not say but that a man may go out whither he has occasion with a less Compa∣ny then Cadusius ventured out with, but then I would have him Communicate his resolution to one that his able to help him. And even then 'tis pos∣sible he may be disappointed, but withall 'tis also possible that he may cheat the Enemy with a re∣serve behind, and divert them from Persuing his Emissaries. Besides he may find some work or o∣ther to keep the Enemy employ'd and so secure his friends. And thus a Party may make an Excursion and yet not be absent, but still depend upon the

strength of the Army. But he that makes private sallys out and tells no body whither he goes, 'tis all one as if he made an Expedition alone. But for this execution we will be reveng'd upon our Enemies ere long, God willing. Assoon as ever you have dined therefore I will lead you to the place which was the scene of this Tragedy, where we will bury our dead, and withal, shew our Enemies that there are others more able than themselves now in that Place, where they think they have won the day, nei∣ther shall they be able to endure the sight of the Place, where they killed our Fellow-Souldiers. But if they refuse to come out against us we will burn up their Villages, and lay wast their Country, that in∣stead of pleasing themselves with a Scene of our mise∣•…•…ies, they shall be troubled with a Survey of their own Calamities. Let the rest therefore go to Din∣ner. But do you, ye Cadusians, as your manner is, chuse one forthwith that may preside over you, and joyn with Heaven and us in taking care of you in whatever your needs shall require. Assoon as you have chosen him and taken your Dinner, send him to me. And so they did. * 1.25

But Cyrus when he had led out his Army, and allotted him his station who was chosen by the Ca∣dusians, he commanded him to lead his Company near him, because, says he, I would fain make these men take heart again if possible. Thus they mar∣ch'd, and when they came thither, they buried the Cadufians, and laid wast the Country; which when they had done, taking Provision along with them from the Enemies Portion they return'd into the Country of Gadatas. But when Cyrus consider'd with himself that those who revol•…•…ed over to him

being near Babylon would be hardly used unless he himself was ever ready at hand, he acquainted the Assyrian not only by those whom he dismissd of the advers party, but also by an Embassadour sent on purpose, that he was ready to spare the Husbandmen, and would do them no harm if he would per∣mit those Husbandmen, who revolted to him to follow their Employments quietly. Adding more∣over, that altho' 'twas in his power to prohibit them, yet he could prohibit but a few (since those who revolted to him had but a small parcel of Ground) whereas the Cultivation of a great deal of the others Ground lay at his Mercy. Moreover, says he, when the Harvest is to be gathered in, if there is War betwixt us the strongest by my consent shall gather all, but in case we enter into a League of amity you shall do it. Lastly if any of mine take up Arms against you, or any of yours against me, we will both jointly be revenged upon them to the utmost. With this message the Embassadour was sent. The Assyrians when they heard the Propo∣sals, endeavour'd by all means to perswade their King to give way to all these things, and to leave as little of hostility among them as might be. The Assyrian whether out of a desire to comply with his Nation, or an absolute liking of the thing, consented to the Proposals. Whereupon 'twas agreed betwixt them that they should be at peace with the Husband∣men, but at War with the Souldiers. Thus did Cy∣rus, concerning the Husbandmen. He bad his Men feed their Horses if they would within their own precincts, but to Plunder the Enemies Country what they could, that so the warfare might be the more pleasant to his fellow-Souldiers. For there

were the same hazards to be undergon whether they took any Plunder or no. But to have their Provisi∣ons suppli'd from the Enemies Country, would take off mightily from the uneasiness of the War.

Now when Cyrus was just ready for the march, Gadatas was come, and with many other gifts and great Varie•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Houshold-stuff, he brought with him a great many Horses, which he had taken from their riders, whom he would now no longer trust because of their Treacheries. When he was come near, I bring you these things Cyrus, says he, which I would have you use at this time, if you have oc∣casion for any of them. And I would have you think that whatever I have besides is all yours. For I neither have, nor ever shall have any Natural Heir, to whom I may leave my House. But of necessity both my kindred and my name will expire with my self. And this, Cyrus, I have suffer'd (as Heaven is my witness that sees and hears all things) though I have neither said nor done any unjust or base thing. And as he was speaking he lamented his Misfortune with tears, and was not able to say any more.

Cyrus hearing this was mov'd with Compassion towards the Man, and said to him, well I accept your Horses, for I think 'twill be a kindness to you to bestow them on men who are better affected to∣ward you, then those who had them before. And * 1.26 I will now immediately augment the Persian Horse (a thing which I have a good while purposed to do) to the number of ten thousand. As for the rest of the Houshold-stuff and Money take it away with you and keep it, till you see me in a capacity of re∣quiting you. For if you should go away leaving

more with me then you have receiv'd from me, I can't tell how I shall avoid being asham'd. To which Gadatas reply'd, I can easily believe you in this, for I perceive what disposition you are off. But I would have you consider whether I am able to keep those things. For as long as the Assyrian and we were at peace, methought my Pa •…•…ony seem'd a very good and convenient thing. Since it being nearly situated to the great City Babylon, all the Commodiousness that a great City could afford we had the benefit of. And for the trouble and disturbance of it, we were far enough out of its reach. But now we are at Enmity assoon as ever you withdraw, they will immediately vent their spite against our House and our whole Family. So that in my opinion we shall be in a most miserable case, when we see our Enemies so nigh and so much more potent then our selves. But perhaps you'll say, why did not I think of this sooner before I had re∣volted? Why to tell you the truth, Cyrus, my mind was so overcome with a passionate resentment for the wrongs I receiv'd that I did not consider what was safest, but was always revolving this with my self, When shall I be revenged of this wretch hated by God and Man, who continually bears a spleen against not only those that do him any injury, but are any way better then himself? Since therefore he is an ill Man himself, he will I believe use such Fel∣low-Souldiers as are worse then himself. But if any one among them seem to excell him, you need not trouble your self, Cyrus, to fight against that Eminent Man, but leave the Execution of him to the contri∣vance of the Assyrian. But however weak his Asso∣ciates are, I am afraid he will be never the less able enough to afflict me.

When Cyrus heard this, he thought it worthy of Consideration. Then, says he, But what do you say Gadatas, have not you fortifi'd your Castle with a strong Garrison, which may afford you security when ever you betake your self to it? Are not you imbody'd with us, so that if the Gods side with us as they have done hitherto, he has more reason to dread you, then you him. Come then and march along with me, and take with you whatsoever you have that you delight in. For you will be of great use to me, and I for my part will endeavour what I can to be so to you. Which when Gadatas heard, he sigh'd and said, And can I make ready my things before you go? For I would fain carry my Mother with me. You may, reply'd Cyrus, for I will stay till you say you are ready. So Gadatas went away, and he and Cyrus together placed Garrisons in those Castles which he had fortifi'd, and got together as much Houshold-stuff as would sufficiently furnish a large House. Moreover he carried most of his Men along with him, both those which were faithful whom he delighted in, and those whom he distrust∣ed. Some of which he made carry their Wives with them, others their Sisters, thinking by these bonds to hold them the faster to himself. Cyrus ha∣ving * 1.27 now every thing in readiness departed with Gadatas and his company. Who serv'd as a guide to him in the Ways, and shew'd him where Wa∣ter and other Provisions were to be had, that so he might quarter always in the best places.

But assoon as he came in sight of the City Baby∣lon, and perceived that the Way which he was in did lead home to the Walls of the City, he call'd Gobryas and Gadatas to him, and ask'd them whi∣ther

there was any other Way, that they might not ap∣proach so nigh the Walls. Yes, reply'd Gobryas, there are a great many Ways, but I thougt you had a mind to lead up as home to the City as you could, that they might see what a numerous and brave Army you have. For when your Company was less, you came up to the very Wall, where they saw how few we were. But now altho' the Assyrian be in readiness, (as you know he, say'd he, was making Preparation for an engagement) yet I know when he sees your Forces he will again think himself unprepar'd.

To this said Cyrus, you seem, my Gobryas, to won∣der that then when I came with a much less Army I led quite up to the Walls, and that now when I * 1.28 come provided with more Forces, I scruple to lead by them. But you should not wonder at that. For 'tis not the same thing to lcad up to, and to lead by a place: For all Men use to lead up in such order as is most convenient to Fight in, but all that understand any thing lead off so, as they may withdraw with the greatest safety, not with the greatest speed. Now in passing by the Chariots must needs be extended, and the other Carriages be mightily discomposed, and all these must be surrounded with arm'd Men. So that the carriages be never seen destitute of a Guard by the Enemy. And if we march at this rate the choice and War-like Souldicrs must needs be pla∣ced just by the feeble and infirm part. If therefore the Enemy should body together and assault any of these that pass by from the Works, with what part soever they ingage they will be too hard for those that pass by. Besides, they who march in a long tr•…•…in, cannot receive recruits but at a great distance, whereas those who break forth out of the works, can

pass off and on in a little time to those who stand hard by. But now if we march just within sight, and with our ranks all at large as we do now, they will see how numerous we are, and all our Company will appear dreadful by reason of the Armed Men that are every where interwoven. Now if they come on against us as we march so, we shall see them long enough before-hand to prevent a Surprise. But 'tis most likely they will not venture to assault us at all, since they must make their retreat a great way off from their Walls, unless they think they with all their Forces can worst our whole Army. For a re∣treat is a very dangerous thing. When he had said this, all that were present were satisfi'd with his discourse. So Gobryas led as he commanded him. And when the Army was passing by the City Cyrus so drew off that the Arrear was still the most Forti∣fy'd part.

Thus marching on in a few days he arriv'd at the borders of the Assyrians and Medes, whence he first set out. There he took one of the weakest of the Assyrian Castles by force, the other two partly by the dread of Cyrus and partly by the perswasion of Gadatas surrender'd themselves. After these tran∣sactions he sent a Letter to Cyaxares to desire him to come to the Army. That so they might advise what to do with the Castles which they had taken, and that when he had seen the Army himself he might consult with them about other Affairs, and tell them what he thought best to be done next. And * 1.29 if it be his pleasure to have me come to him, tell him I will do so, and incamp there? with this er∣rand the Messenger was sent away.

Cyrus in the mean time gave order to Gadatas, that he should furnish the Tent of the Assyrian, which the Medes had set apart for Cyaxares, with all the neatness imaginable. And that he should place both the Women in a particular apartment of the Tent, and with them the Musical Women which were chosen out for Cyaxares. Which was done accordingly. But when he that was sent to Cyaxa∣res had don his errand, Cyaxares thought it more expedient that the Army should remain in the Con∣fines where it was. For the Persians, which Cyrus brought with him, were there already, who were a∣bout forty thousand Archers and Target Men. Wherefore perceiving that the Country of the Medes suffer'd great detriment even from these, he was so Far from being willing to admit of a greater multi∣tude that he would fain be rid of them. And when he that brought these Forces from Persia ask'd Cya∣xares according to Cyrus his command whether he had any need of this Army, and he told him no, he led the Army again to Cyrus on the same day where∣in he heard he was arriv'd.

The next day Cyaxares with the Median Horse which remain'd with him began his expedition. Cy∣rus hearing of his coming took with him the Persian Horse who were now very numerous and all the Medes, Armenians, Hyrcanians and those of his o∣ther Fellow-Souldiers who were best accommodated with Horse and Arms, and went out to meet him, and shew'd him the Pomp of his Army. Cyaxares when he saw what a company of brave stout Men were in Cyrus his r•…•…tinue, and what a small despi∣cable Handful of attendants were with himself, he * 1.30 thought this was much to his dishonour, and was

mightily troubled about it. And when Cyrus ligh∣ted from his Horse and came near to salute him ac∣cording to the mode, he lighted also from his Horse, but turn'd away his Face, and refused to kiss him, but wept in open view.

Then Cyrus commanded all the rest to withdraw and be silent, and he himself taking Cyaxares by the hand, led hin a little aside under some Palm Trees, where ordering some Median Blankets to be put un∣der Foot, he sate close by him, and begun thus with him. I conjure you my Unkle by all that is sacred, to tell me on what account you are angry with me? What is it that you see here that so trou∣bles you? To this Cyaxares made this answer. Be∣cause whereas the Ancestours from whom I am de∣scended have been Kings time out of mind, whereas I had a King to my Father, and I my self am also accounted a King, yet I see my self in such a mean Equipage, and you appear here in such Magnifi∣cence with my Servants and other Forces. And this in my opinion is hard to take at the hands of an E∣nemy, but much more grievous to suffer by those from whom I least expected it. In earnest, I think it better to be ten times buried under Ground then to appear so vile and contemptible, and see my self neglected and made the scorn of my Souldiers. For I am not ignorant that not only you are greater then I, but that my own Servants meet me with a stronger Equipage then I have with me, so that they are better able to hurt me then I them.

At the speaking of which words he was again o∣vercome with Tears; So that he brought even Cyrus himself to that pass, that his Eyes stood full of

Water: But when he had a little controul'd his Passion, he address'd himself thus to him: Indeed, my Cyaxares, you are under a great Mistake if you * 1.31 think the Medes are therefore in such a Posture whereby they are enabled to do you any Mischief, because they are with me: I do not much wonder that you are angry, and that you are distrustful: But whether you have just Grounds for it or no I shall enquire: Because I know you will not take it well if you should hear me turn their Advocate: But to deal freely with you, 'tis a great piece of Imprudence for any Governour to be angry with all his Subjects at once: For when many are afraid, many will of necessity turn Enemies: besides, to be angry with all, is the ready way to make all band together into a Conspiracy: And I would have you know, that 'twas for this very reason, that I would not return these men to you again without coming with them my self, because I was afraid lest any thing should happen through your displeasure which might occasion Grief to us all: Therefore you need not fear any Danger from these while I am here present: But whereas you think you have sustain'd much wrong from me, I cannot chuse but be migh∣tily troubled, if while I endeavour to the utmost to oblige and pleasure my Friends, I shall be thought to do quite contrary. But to what purpose is it thus rashly to charge one another? Rather, if it be pos∣sible, let us understand clearly what manner of In∣jury it is that I have done you: And I think this is a very just Proposal among Friends. For if it appear that I have done any ill, I will own my self unjust. But if it shall appear that I am guilty of no∣thing ill, not so much as in thought, will not you

also confess that you have not been injured by me? That truly is but reason, reply'd the other. But in case it appear that I have been the Author of good to you, and that I have been Industrious to heap as many kindnesses upon you, as I could, will you not think I deserve rather to be commended, then bla∣med? And good reason I should, say'd the other. Well then (says Cyrus) let us examine all the par∣ticulars * 1.32 of what I have done, and so we shall know what there is of good in them and what of evil. In the first place then, when you understood that a great Multitude of your Enemies were banded toge∣ther against you, and had made an inrode into your Country, immediately you sent to the Persians in common for assistance and to me in particular, desi∣ring that I would come my self, and that if any of the Persian Forces were willing to assist you, I would head them. And did not I comply with you in this, did not I come, did not I bring with me as nume∣rous and as good an Army as I could? 'Tis true, you did so. Then tell me in the first place, was I Injurious to you in this particular or beneficial? 'Tis plain say'd Cyaxares that you were beneficial. To proceed then, when the Enemy was arrived, and opposition was to be made against them, did you then take notice that I spar'd any labour, or shrunk from any danger? No truly I did not. When a∣gain by the favour of Heaven we got the Victory and the Enemy retreated, and I desired you that we might joyn our Forces in the Persuit, and exe∣cution of them, and that whatever happen'd either good or bad we might share alike in it, can you in any of these tax me with selfishness, or that I was over and above Studious of my own interest? To

this Cyaxares made no reply. Then said Cyrus again, well since you think silence in this point is the best answer, did you take it as an injury that when it seem'd not safe for you to Persue, I would not suffer you to hazard your Person, but desired you to let me have some of your Horse? Did I do you any injury in asking this of you, especially since I had before been an Assistant to you in the fight? this I would fain have made out. To which when Cyaxa∣res made no answer, Cyrus went on. But since you will neither answer to this, tell me Cyaxares, was I injurious to you because when you told me you would not take off the Medes from their Merriment which you saw them ingaged in by employing them in an hazardous Persuit, I would not give way to any resentment, but afterwards renew'd the same request to you, then which nothing less could be granted by you to me, and nothing easier be impo∣sed upon the Medes? For I only ask'd you to give me those who were willing to follow me. And when I had a grant, I did nothing but by perswasion. So that I came to them, won upon them by perswading them, took them and so departed, and all this by your permission. And if I am to be blamed for this, then 'twill be a fault to take any thing that you give me. This was the manner of our setting out. And when we were gon, what was there done by us that is not known to all? Were not the Tents of the Enemy taken? Were not the greater part of those slain who came against you? Did we not take away from those that remain'd alive their Horses and their Arms? And as for the fortunes of those that heretofore invaded your possessions, you see them now in the hands of your friends, part of

which they bring to you, and part by your leave they reserve for themselves. And which is the most glorious thing of all, you see your own Territories inlarged, and those of your Enemy diminish'd. You see their Castles taken, and your own which the Syrians had possess'd themselves of now in your own power again. And now methinks 'tis an in∣significant thing to inquire whether these things be good or bad, but yet however I am willing to hear what your sentiments are.

To this Cyaxares return'd this Answer: Indeed Cyrus, I know not how to charge your actions with any thing ill: But I would have you know, that * 1.33 these good Turns of yours are of such a Nature, that the greater Shew they make, the more troublesome they are to me:For I would rather see your Dominions enlarged by my Forces, than mine by yours: Be∣cause these Actions which make you illustrious, e∣clipse my Light: And so for these Gifts, I had ra∣ther you were at the receiving hand than I; for by thus enriching me you make me the poorer. In truth, if I should see my Subjects moderately in∣jured by you, it would not grieve me so much as it does to see them thus laden with Obligations: But if this seems to you an unreasonable Complaint, make it your own Case, and consider: Suppose any body should make much of those Dogs which you bred up to keep your House, so as to make them more familiar with him than with your self, would you thank him for such a piece of Service? But if this seem an inconsiderable Instance, suppose he should so endear those Servants whom you keep for the defence of your self and your Family, that they would rather be his than yours, would you think

your self obliged to him for this Kindness? But to instance in a thing which all men set the highest Va∣lue upon, and take the greatest Care of: Suppose any one should so far oblige your Wife with Offices of Kindness, that at length she should love him more than your self, would this please you? I think not: Nay, he could not do you a greater Injury. But to come nearer home yet, suppose any one should by civil Applications so far win upon the Affections of those Persians whom you led hither, that they would more willingly follow him than your self, would you think him your Friend? No, I believe not; but rather more your Enemy than if he had kill'd a great many of your men. What if a Friend of yours, when you courteously bid him be his own Carver, and take what he please of your Substance, should go and take all that he could, and so enrich himself, leaving you the least Share, would you think such a Friend altogether faultless? Now, Cyrus, this is the Case betwixt you and me, or at least much of this Nature: For by your own Confession, when I gave you leave to take as many as were wil∣ling to follow you, you took all my Forces, and left me quite alone: And now you bring me those things which you took by the Service of my Army and enlarge my Dominions with my own Forces; I in the mean time appear here like a Woman, no∣thing contributing to your Advantage, but altoge∣ther at the receiving hand, and that even from my own Subjects. You carry the appearance of the man, whilst I am thought unworthy of Government. Are these your Kindnesses, Cyrus? Methinks you should know, that if you had any Esteem for me, you ought to be tender of nothing so much as of lessening my

Authority and Dignity: For what am I the better, if while my Territories are enlarged I my self am contemptible? For I was not advanced to the Me∣dian Crown upon this Account, because I really was more excellent than all the rest; but rather because I was presumed so to be.

Then Cyrus interrupting him; For God's sake, my unkle, if ever I did any thing pleasing to you in my Life, gratifie me in what I shall now request of you; which is, that you would make an end of * 1.34 complaining of me for this time: But when you have seen by Experiment how I stand affected to∣ward you, if it appear that what I have done was all for your Good, return me Love for Love, and think that I have well deserv'd at your hands; but if otherwise, then complain on. Well, I think, says Cyaxares, you do not talk much out of the way: I will do as you say. Shall I then salute you? said Cy∣rus. Yes if you please. And will not you turn away from me as but now? I will not, says he. Where∣upon * 1.35 Cyrus embraced him; which when the Medes, Persians, and the rest saw, (for they were all very much concern'd what would be the Issue of these things) they were mightily affected with Joy.

And now Cyaxares and Cyrus mounting their Hor∣ses, rode on before the Medes following Cyaxares (for so Cyrus beckon'd to them to do) and the Per∣sians Cyrus. When they were come to the Camp, they placed Cyaxares in the Tent which was provi∣ded for him; and those who were assign'd for that Employment, serv'd him with Necessaries. The rest of the Medes, during the leisure time which Cyaxares had before Supper, came to visit him, and partly of their own accord, but chiefly by the Or∣der

of Cyrus, presented him with Gifts of all sorts. * 1.36 One brought him a good Butler, another a good Cook, another a Baker, another a Musiclan, another Cups, another a fine suit of Cloaths. Eve∣ry one for the most part presented him with some∣thing of that which he had taken, In so much that Cyaxares wholly changed his mind, and no longer suspected Cyrus of alienating his Subjects affections from him, or that he was less observ'd by them now then before.

Now when Supper time was come, Cyaxares cal∣led Cyrus to him, and desired him since he had not seen him for a long time, to Sup with him. But Cyrus begg'd him to excuse him in this particular. Don't you see (says he) that all that are here pre∣sent were brought hither by me? Therefore 'twon't be convenient to neglect them and seem to indulge my own pleasure. For when Souldiers once think themselves neglected, the Couragious will be deje∣cted and dispirited, and the Cowardly will grow Insolent and intolerable. But do you since you are come along journy go immediately to Supper, and if you have any particular Friends invite them to your Table and chear your self with their Society, for my part, I will dispose of my self as I said. But to morrow morning all of us that are fit for Consultation will be ready at your Gate that we may advise with you what is best to be done next. And do you let us know your mind in this, whe∣ther you are for carrying on the War yet, or for disbanding the Army.

After this Cyaxares went to Supper. But Cyrus calling together some of his choice Friends who were fittest for Counsel or action as occasion requi∣red

express'd himself thus to them. We have, my friends, by the favour of the Gods obtain'd what we chiefly wish'd for. For where ever we go we are Victorious. We see the Enemy in the Wain, and our selves in the Encrease. Wherefore if those who are already come to us, will continue with us, we shall be able to go through with more underta∣kings, whether we are to use Violence or Perswa∣sion. Therefore 'tis your concern as much as mine * 1.37 to endeavour to prevail with the Major part of our Fellow-Souldiers to tarry with us.

Now as in a fight he that takes most is counted the best man, So he that in debate brings most over to our side, ought to be accounted the most Elo∣quent and Prudent Man. Neither would I have you ambitious of shewing to us what Rhetorick you use with every one of them, but endeavour so to deal with them, that they may shew how you have gain'd upon them by their actions. This there∣fore I commit to your Care. My business shall be to see the Souldiers furnish'd with Provisions, and that a Consultation be had about an Expedition.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The excel∣lent Beauty of Pan∣thea.
• * 1.2

  Her Ver∣tue.
• * 1.3

  Whether Love can compel men against their wills?
• * 1.4

  Araspes in Love with P•…•…∣thea.
• * 1.5

  How Cy∣rus was beloved.
• * 1.6

  Gobrias entertains Cyrus and his Army.
• * 1.7

  The tempe∣rance of the Persians.
• * 1.8

  The Duty of a Good Ge∣neral repre∣sented i•…•… Cyrus.
• * 1.9

  Cyrus ad∣vises about taking to him more assistants.
• * 1.10

  Cyrus de∣liberates a∣bout going to Baby∣lon.
• * 1.11

  Cyrus Challen∣ges the Assyrian.
• * 1.12

  Cyrus's Strata∣gem.
• * 1.13

  The Assy∣rian Forra∣ges the Country of Gadatas.
• * 1.14

  Cyrus pre∣pares to as∣sist Gada∣tas.
• * 1.15

  How Cy∣rus order∣cd his Ar∣my to make them more fit to march.
• * 1.16

  Cyrus's great Me∣mory.
• * 1.17

  Why a General ought to know the names of his Souldi∣ers
• * 1.18

  Cyrus his great Dili∣gence in marching in the Night.
• * 1.19

  One of Ga∣datas his Subjects conspires to betray him.
• * 1.20

  The Tray∣tor is slain
• * 1.21

  Cyrus and Gadatas congratu∣late each other.
• * 1.22

  Cadusius slain.
• * 1.23

  Cyrus his compassi∣on to∣wards the Cadusians.
• * 1.24

  He encou∣rages the Cadusians.
• * 1.25

  Cyrus •…•…∣venges the slaughter of the dusians.
• * 1.26

  Cyrus greatly augments the Persian Horse.
• * 1.27

  Cyrus re∣turns to Babylon.
• * 1.28

  Why Cyrus would not now ap∣proach too near the walls.
• * 1.29

  Cyrus sends for Cyaxares to go one to the Army.
• * 1.30

  Cyaxares envies Cy∣•…•…
• * 1.31

  Cyrus ex∣cuses him∣self.
• * 1.32

  Cyrus reckons up his good Services done for Cyaxares.
• * 1.33

  Cyaxares discovers his envie toward Cyrus.
• * 1.34

  Cyrus in∣terrupts his uncles com∣plaints.
• * 1.35

  They are friends a∣gain.
• * 1.36

  The Medes bring pre∣sents to Cyaxares.
• * 1.37

  Cyrus is for coninu∣ing the Expediti∣on.