Kyrou paideia, or, The institution and life of Cyrus the Great written by that famous philosopher and general, Xenophon of Athens, and from the original Greek made English, the first four books by Francis Digby ..., the four last by John Norris.

Xenophon's Institution, AND Life of CYRUS the Great. BOOK III. (Book 3)

Cyrus was very intent upon these Matters. Now the King of Armenia was greatly startled and astonished when Cyrus's Messenger deliver'd to him his Master's Commands, especially reflecting upon his own Injustice, both in detaining his Tribute, and not assisting him with his Army. But that which he fear'd most of all was, That his late beginning to build and fortifie his Palace Royal, would look as if it were done with a Design to oppose them. Upon all these Accounts, he being in great Per∣plexity of Mind, issued forth Commissions for his Forces to come together, and conveyed into the Mountain Country his younger Son Sabaris, his Wife, and his Son's Wife, and his Daughters, with all their costly Ornaments and rich Furni∣ture, appointing them a Convoy to secure their Passage. He sent out Spies likewise to inform him wh•…•… Cyrus did; and what Armenians he

had with him, he put them in order of Battel; when immediately other Messengers repair'd to him, with Intelligence that Cyrus also himself in Person was hard at hand. Whereupon He, not daring to give him Battel, secretly with∣drew himself: which the Armenians that were with him perceiving, they fled every Man to his respective Home, with an Intent to convey their Moveables farther off.

Now when Cyrus saw the Field full of run∣away Stragglers, driving their Cattel before them, he sent to them to let them know, That he would offer no manner of Hostility to any that stayed; but if he overtook any in their Flight, those he declar'd he would treat as his Enemies. Upon this Message, a multitude of them stayed; nevertheless, many withdrew themselves secretly with the King. Now when they that went before to conduct the Women fell into their Hands that guarded the Mountains, they presently set up a great Cry, and attempt∣ing to save themselves by Plight, were many of them taken. At last his Sons, their Wives, their Daughters, with all the Riches and Treasures they brought with them, were seiz'd on by the Ene∣my. When the King understood what had be∣fall'n them, not knowing which way to turn himself, he fled to the top of a certain Hill; * 1.1 which Cyrus likewise perceiving, with what For∣ces he had ready with them, he closely begirt it round, sending withall to Chrysantas, com∣manding him to quit the Mountain where he was posted, and come to him. When Cyrus had held a Rendezvous of his Army, he dispatch'd a

Herald to the King of Armenia, with these Que∣stions to be propos'd to him:

Tell me, O King of Armenia, whether you will choose rather to stay where you are, and fight with Hunger and Thirst, or take the plain Field, and joyn Battel with us? To this the King of Armenia replied, That his Desire was, not to fight with either. Then Cyrus sent again, and demanded, Why therefore do you sit still there, and not come down? Why, quoth he, because I know not what Course to take. But you ought not, quoth Cyrus, to make any doubt in this matter; for you have free leave to come down, and plead your own Cause. And who, reply'd he, shall be Arbitrator in the Case? Who, answer'd Cyrus, but he whom the great God has em∣power'd, even without hearing your Plea, to

treat you as he list? Here the King of Armenia, having a regard to the Streights and Necessities he lay under, came down. Him Cyrus recei∣ved, with all that belong'd to him, into the midst of his Army, and surrounded them with his Camp, having now muster'd up all his Forces together.

Now it happen'd, that at this time, Tygranes, the King of Armenia's eldest Son (who had often been a Fellow-Hunter with Cyrus) was just re∣turn'd from some Foreign Progress; who hear∣ing what had happened (with such Equipage as he had) went directly to Cyrus. But when he saw his Father, his Mother, his Brother, and Si∣sters, and his own Wife, all made Prisoners of War, he (as justly he might) burst out into Tears. Whom when Cyrus saw, he received

him with no other Complement, but only told him, You come, Sir, very opportunely, to be present at the hearing your Fathers Plea. And immediately he assembled together the Chief Captains of the Medes and Persians, inviting al∣so such of the Armenian Nobility as were present, not excluding even the Women that were there in their Chariots, but permitted them also to hear. And, when he thought convenient, he thus began.

In the first Place, O King of Armenia, I ad∣vise * 1.2 you to be ingenuous, and speak Truth in this Cause, that so you may be free at least from one Imputation, which of all things in the World is the most hateful: for know this assu∣redly, that nothing can be a greater Obstacle to a Man's obtaining Grace and Favour, than to be detected in an Untruth. Besides, your Children, these Ladies, and all the Armenians here present, are throughly acquainted with all your Proceedings; who, if they come to un∣derstand you speak otherwise than what is re∣ally true, will conclude, that you condemn your self to suffer the utmost Calamity if once I come to discover the Truth. Ask me therefore, O Cyrus, quoth he, what you please; for re∣solv'd I am, to declare the Truth, be the Issue what it will. Answer me then, said Cyrus; Did you ever wage War against my Grand-father Astiages, and the rest of the Medes, or no? I did, reply'd he. And when he had conquer'd you, did not you enter into Covenants with him to pay him Tribute, to assist him in his Wars whensoever he summon'd you, and to

have no Forts or Citadels in your Dominions? 'Tis granted, reply'd he. Upon what Account therefore at this time have you not only not paid your Tribute, nor sent your Auxiliary Forces, but have begun to build Garrisons, and sortifie? The desire of Liberty, quoth he, in∣duc'd me to it: for I look upon it as a very honourable thing, both to enjoy my own Li∣berty, and also to leave it as Legacy to my Children. I confess, quoth Cyrus, 'tis com∣mendable * 1.3 and brave in any Man to fight so that he may never fall into Servitude: but if any one be detected in attempting a Revolt, and shaking off his Masters Yoak, who either by the Fortune of War, or by any other Ac∣cident, has been brought into Captivity, I would fain know of you, in the first place, whether you (if you seise him) promote such a one as an honest Deserving Man, or rather pu∣nish him as an Offender? Why, said he, (for you will not allow me to lye) I punish him. Well then, quoth Cyrus, come on, deal frank∣ly with me in all these Particulars. If any one intrusted with Authority and Power, offend, whether do you continue him in the same Sta∣tion, or substitute another in his Place? I put another, said he, in his Place. How if he be very wealthy, do you permit him to be rich still, or reduce him to Poverty? I strip him, quoth he, of all he has. But if you perceive him revolting to the Enemy, how then do you treat him? I put him to Death, quoth he; for why should I dye under the Conviction of Lying

rather than the Confession of Truth? When his

Son Tygranes heard this, he tore his Turbant from his Head, and rent his Cloaths in pieces; and the Women giving a lamentable Shriek, bemangled themselves, as if their Father were already a lost Man, and they themselves undone for ever. Hereupon, Cyrus, commanding Silence, began again:

This then, O King of Armenia, is your Law, this the Rule you walk by: But

what would you advise Us to do in such a Case? Here the Armenian King was silent, as being in Suspense, whether he should counsel Cyrus to put him to Death, or make his present Advice contradict what he had confess'd he himself did already practice. But his Son Tygranes, seeing his Father in this Confusion, address'd himself to Cyrus, and said;

May I, Sir, by your leave, advise you concerning my Father, what I think

best for you to do? And Cyrus having observ'd that when Tygranes was his Companion in Hunt∣ing, he had a subtile Sophister, whom he held in great Admiration, attending upon him, he was very desirous to hear what he had to say; and therefore bid him speak his Mind freely.

I, for my part, quoth Tygranes, advise, That * 1.4 if you approve of either what my Father in∣tended, or what he has already acted, you would therein exactly imitate him; but if you

look upon him as a Delinquent, not to follow him. I must not therefore, quoth Cyrus, imi∣tate an Offender, if I intend to do what is Just. True, said he, therefore according to this Rule of yours, I ought to punish your Father, if it be a Principle of Justice to punish him that deals unjustly. But whether do you think it

better, O Cyrus, quoth he, to advantage or pre∣judice your self by exacting Punishment? Not the latter, said he, for so I should punish my self. Yea, and be assur'd, reply'd Tygranes, that if you should destroy any of your own Subjects, when the Preservation of them might be most for your Service, you would be the greatest Sufferer your self. But how, quoth Cyrus, can they be look'd upon as Men of Value and Worth, who are taken in the very Act of Injustice? If at length, quoth he, they become more wise and sober. For 'tis my Opinion, Cyrus, that unless Prudence sit at the Helm, all other Virtues will miscarry. For what signifies a strong, robust Man? What Service can a Horseman perform, if he want Conduct and Discretion? What is a wealthy Citizen, or a powerful Magistrate, with∣out this? But with an Allay of Prudence, every Friend proves for our Advantage, and every Servant promotes our Good. This is that you say then, quoth Cyrus, that your Father is this Day return'd from his Folly, and of an inconside∣rate Man become wise. I do so, quoth he. Then you look upon Wisdom and Prudence, as you do upon Sorrow, to be an Affection of the Mind, and not an acquir'd Habit. But granting it necessary that a Man must first be understand∣ing that will be discreet; yet it does not follow that an unwise Man shall all on a sudden become Wise. Why, good Cyrus, quoth he, did you never yet observe one Man in a foolish Rashness undertake to fight with another greater and more powerful than himself, who notwithstand∣ing when he has been vanquish'd by him, pre∣sently

renounces his former Folly, and will no more act so unadvisedly against him? Or have you not seen one City bid Defiance to, and op∣pose another, which nevertheless, when it has been once reduc'd, chooses rather to obey than to resist the conquering City. But upon what Dis∣aster of your Father's, quoth he, do you ground this strong Presumption of yours, that he is be∣come sober and well-advis'd? Upon this, quoth he, because he is now conscious to himself, that having too eagerly affected Liberty, he has brought himself into such a Servitude as he ne∣ver before knew; and because he finds himself utterly unable to effect any thing of that which by secret and clandestine means he supposed he might bring to pass, or else by open Violence ob∣tain. Besides, he knows very well that where∣in you design'd to circumvent him, you did it with as much ease as one may impose upon Per∣sons that are blind, or deaf, or arrant Ideots. Then he is sufficiently satisfied, that what you intended should be carried covertly, was mana∣ged with such Secresie, that in those very Places which he look'd upon as most secure for his Re∣cess, you had coop'd him up and imprison'd him before he was aware. Then for Expedition and Dispatch, you have so far out-done him there, that you have been able to bring a mighty Ar∣my out of a remote Country before he could mu∣ster up his Forces that were round about him. But think you, quoth Cyrus, that to be thus baffled and defeated is sufficient to bring a Man to a sober Understanding, and make him ac∣knowledge others to be better than himself?

Undoubtedly, reply'd Tygranes, and that much more than if he were overcome in Battel. For oftentimes he that has been over-power'd by main force, thinks when he has duely exercis'd his Body, he shall be able to renew the Combate again; and Cities that have been forc'd to a Surrender, have, upon calling others to their Aid, thought themselves in a Condition to take up the Quarrel afresh. But whensoever any People look upon others to be better and mighti∣er than themselves, to them they will common∣ly pay Obedience freely and without Constraint. It seems then, reply'd Cyrus, you are of Opini∣on, That insolent Persons have no regard for those that are of a more sober Deportment than themselves; nor Thieves and Robbers of those that are not so; nor Lyars of those that speak Truth; nor unjust Oppressors of those that do Ju∣stice. And are you ignorant, quoth he, that at this Juncture your Father has dealt perfidiously, nor has he perform'd Covenants with us, tho he knows we have not transgress'd one Tittle of the Articles agreed upon betwixt Astyages and Him? Nor do I affirm, quoth Tygranes, that the bare knowing of their Betters makes Men seriously consider, unless they also suffer by them, as my Father now does. But your Father, reply'd Cyrus, as yet has been no Sufferer at all: 'tis true indeed, I know, he is afraid he shall suffer the utmost Extremity. Think you then, an∣swer'd Tygranes, that any thing can more sub∣due and un-man one than an over-ruling Fear? Know you not, that they that are smitter with the Edge of the Sword (which is look'd upon to

be one of the severest kinds of Sufferings, will nevertheless rencounter and fight the very same Enemies again? but those that Men are hear∣tily afraid of, they are not able (yea tho they treat them friendly) so much as to look them in the face. Do you say then, quoth Cyrus, that the fear of Suffering is to Men a greater Punishment * 1.5 than the Suffering it self? I do so, reply'd he, and you know that therein I speak nothing but the Truth. For you are not ignorant, that such as are afraid they shall be banish'd their Native Country, and they likewise, who being to en∣counter the Enemy, fearfully dread an Over∣throw, live of all Men most wretchedly. They also that at Sea are in fear of a Shipwrack, Sla∣very, and Bondage, can neither eat, nor drink, nor sleep for very dread; whereas they that are already Exiles, already vanquish'd, Slaves alrea∣dy, can many times enjoy themselves, eat, drink, and sleep, better than those that are in a happier Estate: besides, these Instances will plainly evince how grievous and insupportable Fear is. For some there are, who, fearing lest they should miserably end their days in Captivi∣ty, do, either by throwing themselves headlong from some Precipice, or by Strangling, or by laying violent Hands on themselves, antedate their Death for very Fear. So that of all the most dreadful things in the World, nothing doth so much astonish Mens Minds as Fear. Now for my Fa∣ther, quoth he, what Distraction of Mind think you doth he labour under, not only lest he him∣self should be carried into Bondage, but for Me

also, his Wife, and all the rest of his Children? I can easily believe, reply'd Cyrus, that your Father does lye under those Perplexities you speak of: but I know also, 'tis natural for the same Person to be haughty and insolent in Prospe∣rity, and yet presently, upon the. Approach of Affliction, to be as it were thunder-struck and ama∣zed, and yet let him but be re-instated in his former Condition, he shall again be as arrogant as ever, and create you the same Disturbances as before. I confess, O Cyrus, quoth he, 'tis too true; our past Miscarriages are a sufficient Ground for you to distrust us: but it is in your Power to fortifie the Strong Holds, to put Garri∣sons into the Castles, and to receive of us what other Pledges and Hostages you please; nor shall any of these things make us in the least mur∣mur or repine, as remembring that we our selves are the Authors of our own Sufferings. But if you shall depute any Persons to the Government who have not been Delinquents, and yet you your self seem diffident and distrustful of them, beware, lest whilst you oblige and advance them, they look upon you to be none of their Friend. On the other side, if you, to avoid their Ha∣tred, forbear to lay Yokes upon their Necks, whereby to awe and restrain them, take heed that hereafter you don't find it more difficult to curb and reclaim them, than now to reduce us. For my part, quoth Cyrus then, I protest I think I shall very unwillingly intrust my Concerns in their Hands whose mere Necessities, I know, oblige them to accept my Service. But those that I perceive willing to do their Duty out of

pure Affection for, and Love to me. Such, I think, even in their Miscarriages, I should soon∣ner bear with, than those that hate me, yet are very diligent in performing a kind of Com∣pulsive Service. To this Tygranes reply'd, Whom can you lay such Obligations upon to Love and Serve you, as you may now upon Us? Upon those I believe, quoth Cyrus, who ne∣ver yet acted in an hostile Manner against me, provided I conferr the same Favours upon them which now you would perswade me to bestow upon you. But can you then, think you, O Cyrus, quoth he, at this time find out a Per∣son upon whom you may lay so many Óbliga∣tions as you may upon my Father? For should you only spare the Lives of any of those that never yet injur'd you, you can't imagine how expressive the Returns of his Gratitude will be. Then should you spare his Wife and Children, Who do you think will love and serve you more than he that believes he does deservedly suffer all this at your Hands? And can you suppose any Persons so much concern'd for the loss of the Kingdom of Armenia, as We? Most manifest, therefore it is, that He, who by the loss of his Kingdom, must needs be the greatest Sufferer, would, if he should receive the same of your free Grace, be your most obedient Friend and Servant. Besides, if upon your departure hence you desire to leave all things in a sedate and quiet Posture, consider with your self, whether it will more conduce to the Peace and Tranqui∣lity of the State, to continue the old establish'd, or to introduce a new Government? Then if you

are desirous to lead out a puissant Army into the Field, who do you suppose can make a better choice for you, than he who has often try'd and experienc'd their Worth? And should you stand in need of a Pecuniary Susidie, who can you imagine more proper to levy the same, than He that both knows and commands the Revenue of the Kingdom? Beware therefore, most Noble Cyrus, left by ruining Us, you bring upon your self a greater Mischief than my Fa∣ther

posibly could do. So spake Tygranes.

Now when Cyrus had heard this Speech, He was exceedingly pleas'd, believing he had ef∣fected all that which he had promis'd Cyaxares to perform: for he remembred he had said, he doubted not but to bring the King of Armenia into more strict Engagements of Friendship than before. Wherefore, turning to the King of Ar∣menia Himself, he said;

What Army, O King, will you furnish me with? What Subsidy will you raise toward the carrying on of this War, provided I accept the Conditions you have pro∣pos'd? To him the King of Armenia reply'd, I cannot, O Cyrus, in Honesty or Justice, promise you less, than to give you an Account of all the Forces of my Kingdom, that you, knowing what they are, may take out of them what number you please, leaving a Guard sufficient for the Defence of the Country. Likewise, 'tis but reaso∣nable I should discover to you all my Trea∣sure, that you, taking an Account of the same, may make Use of, and leave what you think fit. Come then, quoth Cyrus, let me know how considerable your Strength is, and how

rich your Treasury. As for my Forces, reply'd the King of Armenia, I have about eight thou∣sand Horse, and forty thousand Foot. Then for my Treasure, reckoning what Sums my Fa∣ther left me, it amounts to above three thou∣sand Talents of Silver. To this Cyrus immedi∣ately subjoyn'd, because the Caldeans, your Neighbours, make War against you, you shall only assist me with half your Army, and because you have neglected to pay Cyaxares the Tri∣bute due to him, instead of fifty Talents, you shall send him double the Sum. To me likewise you shall lend an hundred Talents, which, by the Assistance of Heaven, I engage either to repay, if I am able, or else to do you some Ser∣vice, which may more than answer it. But in case I do not pay it, I may possibly be look't upon as not Solvent, but can't reasonably fall under the Imputation of being unjust. For Heaven's sake, said the King of Armenia, I be∣seech you Cyrus, don't speak this, if you intend I should confide in you; But assure your self this, that whatever you leave behind you, is as much your own as what you carry with you. Well, granting this, quoth Cyrus; but now what Sum would you be willing to give for the Re∣demption of your Wife? Even all that I am worth, said He. What for the Redemption of your Children? Even all that I can possibly raise. According to your reckoning, quoth Cyrus, this is double the Value of what you possess. Now Tygranes, tell me, quoth he, what Ransom you would willingly pay for the Restitution of your

Wife? (by the by Tygranes had been lately

married, and was a passionate Admirer of his new Spouse)

I would, said he, O Cyrus, even at the expence of my own Life gladly purchase her Freedom. Take Her to you then, quoth Cyrus, for I don't at all look upon Her as a Cap∣tive, * 1.6 in regard you your self never deserted Us. You also, O King of Armenia, take to you your Wife and your Children without Ransom, that they may be satisfied their departure from us is Free. At this time you shall sup with us, and Supper once ended, you are at Liberty to de∣part to what Quarter you please. Here then they tarried, and after Supper, whilst they were yet in the Tent; Tell, quoth Cyrus to Tygra∣nes, what's become of that Person who did use to hunt with us? For I remember you had a great Esteem and Veneration for him. Why, reply'd he, Has not this Father of mine put him to Death think you? What, said he, were the Crimes he charg'd him withall? His Accu∣sation was that he corrupted me. And I assure you, Cyrus, he was so Vertuous and Good a Man, that when he came to die, he sent for Me, and said, O Tygranes, don't you, by any means, murmur, or repine at your Father, because he will put me to Death, for this is not an Act of * 1.7 Malice but of Ignorance: And I look upon all manner of Crimes to be purely Involuntary which proceed from Ignorance. Alas, good man, quoth Cyrus. To him the Armenian King re∣ply'd, Men that find Strangers very Familiar and conversant with their Wives, don't there∣fore persecute them ever to Death, because their Conversation makes them more knowing and

gentile, but therefore do they treat them as Enemies, because they are jealous they steal away that Love and Affection which is due to themselves. In like manner, the Reason why I entertain'd such a jealousie of that Man, was, because I thought he made my Son revere and value Him more than he did my self. To whom Cyrus reply'd, in good Truth, O King of Armenia, I look upon this Action only as a common Humane Infirmity; and therefore you, Tygranes, ought to acquiesce in your Fathers

Proceedings against this Man.

Thus they discoursed at this time; when ha∣ving, as was proper after such a Reconciliation, with friendly Embraces saluted each other, they, together with their Wives, mounted their Chari∣ots, and joyfully departed. So soon as they came home, some began to commend Cyrus's Wisdom, some his Courage and Patience, some his Clemency, and some his Beauty and graceful Meen. Then Tygranes ask'd his Lady, Tell me, Madam, quoth he, did not you think Cyrus a ve∣ry goodly Person? I assure you, said she, I did not so much as look upon him. Where then, quoth Tygranes, did you fix your Eyes? Even on him that protested he would purchase my Freedom with the loss of his own Life. This done, they all betook themselves to their Rest.

The Day following, the King of Armenia sent Presents of Hospitality to Cyrus and the whole Army; and gave it in Charge to such of his Sub∣jects as were to go to the War, that they should be in readiness the third Day. To Cyrus like∣wise he sent double the Sum of Money he had

demanded. But Cyrus, deducting what he had requir'd, return'd the remainder; desiring with∣all, to know whether of those two would put themselves at the Head of their Army, the Son, or the King Himself? To which they both re∣turn'd Answer, the Father thus; He whom you your self shall please to command: the Son to this Effect; Assuredly Cyrus, quoth he, I will not fail to follow you, tho it be to serve you as your Slave or Vassal. To him Cyrus smilingly reply'd, And upon what Terms would you be content to have your Wife hear that you are become Lug∣gage-Carrier to the Camp? She shall not need to hear of it, quoth he, for I will bring Her with me, that she may be an Eye-witness to all my Actions. But 'tis already high time, quoth Cyrus, that you prepare for your March. I make no doubt of it, quoth Tygranes, but that we our selves shall be in a readiness with whatever else my Father has appointed for your service. This done, the Souldiers, after an hospitable Recepti∣on, betook themselves to their Repose.

The next day Cyrus took with him Tygranes, and the best of the Median Horse, with as many of his Friends as he thought convenient, and coasting about the Countrey, considered where He might erect a Fortress. Then coming to the top of a Mountain, He inquir'd of Tygranes which were the Hills from whence the Chaldaeans made their Descents to spoil and pillage them? Which when Tygranes had pointed out to him, he farther ask'd him; whether they had at that time deserted them or no? No, believe me, quoth he, but they have alwayes their Spies

there, who signifie to the rest whatever they dis∣cover. And what, said he, do they upon any Discovery made? They hasten, quoth he, to the defence of these Frontier Mountains, with all the speed and power they can. When Cyrus had heard this, he look'd about him, and beheld a great part of the Countrey of Armenia lye waste and desolate by reason of the War. Then they return'd to the Army, and having supp'd toge∣ther, betook themselves to their Rest.

The Morrow after, Tygranes himself was in all readiness, well appointed, being inforc'd with four thousand Horse, ten thousand Archers, and as many Targetiers. But whilst this Army was levying, Cyrus having first made an auspicious Sacrifice, called together the Captains both of the Persians and the Medes, and in a full Assem∣bly spake to them to this effect;

These Moun∣tains, my Friends, which we see before Us, are the Boundaries of the Chaldaeans, which if we * 1.8 make our selves Masters of, and thereon build a Cittadel or our own, both Nations, as well Armenians as Chaldaeans, must of necessity be aw'd by Us. Our Sacrifices promise good suc∣cess, and to effect this, nothing can so much further and advance humane Resolution as Ce∣lerity and Dispatch. For if we can reach the top of these Hills before the Enemies Forces can come together, we shall either be Masters of them without any manner of Resistance, or else ingage with an Enemy that is very inconsidera∣ble and weak. So that no Labour can be more easie, no Undertaking less dangerous, provided, what we have resolv'd upon, we quickly, out of

hand, put in Execution. To your Arms there∣fore. And you Medes, march on your left; you Armemans, half of you on our right Hand, the other half lead the Van, and conduct us in our way. You Horsemen, bring up the Rear, animate us, and force us forward; and be sure

you suffer no one to be Lazy or Remiss.

When Cyrus had thus said, disposing his Ar∣my into 1 1.9 deep Files, He march'd on in the Head of them. But when the Chaldeans perceiv'd that they made a resolute Ascent, they presently gave notice to their Fellows, who, upon mutual Alarms and Out-cries each to other, ran toge∣ther. Hereupon Cyrus, incouraging his Souldiers, said,

'Tis high time, O ye Persians, for Us to make haste. For if we can prevent our Enemies, and gain these Hills before them, all the Pow∣er

they can bring will little avail them. Now the Caldeans are armed each of them with a * 1.10 light Target, and two Javelins, and are reputed the most War-like People of all that Country. They serve also, if Occasion require, as stipendia∣ry Souldiers, because, tho they are a very Marti∣al Nation, yet are they very poor. For the Re∣gion they inhabit is Mountainous, and rich Soil they have little or none. Now when Cyrus his Souldiers had well nigh master'd the Ascent of the Hills, •…•…ygranes, who march'd near him, said: Know you not, O Cyrus, that we our selves must immediately ingage the Enemy? For, as for the Armenians, they will by no means sustain the Assault. Cyrus told him, he knew that very well, and presently gave command to the Persians, that they should prepare themselves for Battel;

telling them, that they must fall upon, and pur∣sue the Enemy, as soon as the Armenians, by turn∣ing their Backs upon them, had brought them somewhat nearer. So the Armenians, advanc'd in the Front; who approaching near the Enemy, as many of the Caldeans as were present, making, as their Custom is, a great Shout, fell furiously upon them, so that the Armenians being unable to abide the Onset, gave back, as they are us'd to do. But when the Caldeans, pressing forward in pursuit of them, saw others with Swords in their Hands marching up directly against them; some pushing on, and attacking them, were presently slain upon the Spot, others fled, and others were made Prisoners of War. So that in a short time they became Masters of those Hills. Which when they had gain'd, taking from thence a view of the Caldeans Country, they saw them quit and abandon all the Neighbouring Habitations. Now as soon as the Army was come together, Cyrus commanded the Souldiers to dine. Which done, and he understanding that the Place where the Chaldaean Spies were posted, was very defen∣sible, and well water'd, immediately began to erect a strong Fort there, commanding Tygranes to send to his Father, willing him to repair thither, and bring with him all the Masons and Carpen∣ters he had. Whilst this Messenger was dis∣patch'd to the King of Armenia, Cyrus, with those about him, went on with his Fortifications. In this interim were brought unto him Prisoners, some bound, and others wounded, whom when * 1.11 Cyrus saw. He presently commanded those that were in Bonds to be loosed, and sending for

Chirurgions, charg'd them to take care that such as were wounded might be healed. This done, he told the Caldeans, that he came thither not out of any Ambition he had to conquer them, nor needed he make War upon them; but very de∣sirous he was to establish a Peace betwixt the Ar∣menians and Caldeans. Now before we had made our selves Masters of these Mountains, I know you were not in the least desirous of Peace: For your own Possessions were in safety; but the Armenians you pillag'd and plundred at your Pleasure. But now you see evidently what Circumstances you are in. You that are here Prisoners, I dismiss you, and give you leave to return home, and consult the rest of the Calde∣ans, whether they will wage War again, or en∣ter into an Allyance with Us. If you choose War, return not hither unarm'd, if you are wise: but if you think you have need of Peace, leave your Arms behind you. For if you are desi∣rous to live in Amity with us, I will take care that all shall, be well with you. When the Caldeans heard this, after they had been very liberal in praising of, and very Free in expres∣sing their thanks to Cyrus, they departed.

Now when the King of Armenia heard that Cyrus had sent for him, and understanding what Design he was upon; bringing with him Souldi∣ers, and what else he thought necessary, he hastned to Cyrus with all possible Diligence. Whom when he saw, he began to this Effect;

Many and Great, O Cyrus, are the Designs * 1.12 which we Mortals attempt, and yet how short∣sighted are we as to the Event and Success there∣of!

For I my self even now aiming at Liberty, was plung'd into a greater Servitude then ever I had known before: yet when we were made Prisoners of War, and look'd for nothing but inevitable Death, we find our selves now in a much safer Estate than formetly we had at any time enjoy'd. For now I see those very People that perpetually annoy'd us, reduc'd to such Circumstances as I ever wisn'd them. And know, O Cyrus, that to have forc'd the Caldeans to quit these Mountains, I would gladly have gi∣ven a far greater Sum than you have yet re∣ceived of me: So that that Service you ingag'd to do us, upon our furnishing you with so much Money, you have already abundantly perform'd. We freely therefore acknowledge, that we lye under new Obligations of Gratitude to you, which if we are not very ill Persons, we may be asham'd not to perform; to whom, what Requital soever we make, it can bear no pro∣portion to the Services done us by so great a

Benefactour. So spake the King of Armenia.

Now the Caldean Deputies coming to Cyrus to intreat him to be at Peace with them, he ask'd them,

For what other Reason do you Calde∣ans at this time sue for Peace, but only because you think you shall live more securely so, than in War? For no other, said the Caldeans. But what, reply'd Cyrus, if more Advantages should accrue to you by a Peace? That, said they, would make our Joy so much the greater. Well said he, what is it think you that makes you poor, but only that you are destress'd for want of a fruitful Soil? True, said they. Would

you then, quoth Cyrus, be willing to pay as much Tribute as other Armenians do, provi∣ded you might manure and till as much Ar∣menian ground as you pleas'd? Gladly, reply'd the Chaldeans, if we could be assur'd we should not be injur'd hereafter. And could you, said he, O King, be content, that so much Ground of yours as now lyes waste should be made Tillage, provided you receiv'd a proportiona∣ble Tribute? Yes, said the King of Armenia, I would purchase this Advantage almost at any Rate; for it would bring a very considerable Addition to my Revenue. And you, Chaldeans, said he, since you are posses'd of fair and fer∣tile Hills, will you give the Armenians leave to use the same for Pasture, provided they give you a valuable Consideration? Most readily, answer'd the Chaldeans; for that will bring Us in great Profits, without any Labour or Toyl of ours. But would you, O King of Armenia, make use of the Chaldees Pasturage, if for a small Advantage accruing to them, you your self might reap much greater Profits? With all my Heart, reply'd he, provided I might quiet∣ly enjoy the same. Well, said He, and may you not enjoy this Pasture-ground without Dan∣ger or Disturbance, if you have the Advan∣tage of the Hill-Tops? Yes, said he. But we are very well assur'd, said the Caldeans, if they be Masters of these Mountains, we shall be so far from enjoying their Land quietly, that we shall not be able in safety to manure our Own. But what, said he, now, if these Mountains should contribute to your safety? That would make

very well for Us, said they. True, said the King of Armenia, but I protest, it would make little for our Advantage if they should be again possess'd of the Mountains, especially being immur'd and fortify'd as now they are. Thus then, quoth Cyrus, will I deal with you, These Mountains shall be given up to neither of you, but I my self will be there Commander in Chief: and if either of you wrong the other, I will

espouse the Cause of the injur'd Party.

Now when both sides had heard this his Re∣solution, they prais'd it extremely, concluding it was that only means whereby to establish a firm Peace. Hereupon they gave and receiv'd Hosta∣ges interchangeably; and came to these Terms of Agreement. That both Parties should use a * 1.13 common Freedom each with other. That they should promote mutual Marriages. That they should use Tillage and Pasturage indifferently. And in Fine, That they should mutually assist each other with their joynt Forces, if either Nation were at any time invaded. Thus were matters at this time transfacted. And the Articles of this Treaty now concluded on, remain in full force, even at this Day, betwixt the King of Armenia and the Cal∣deans. As soon as these Conditions of Peace were ratified and consummate, both Parties rea∣dily assisted, and joyntly contributed Necessa∣ries for the carrying on and finishing the Fort, which they look'd upon as a Common Bulwark and Defence to both Nations.

When the Evening was come, Cyrus enter∣tain'd at Supper both Parties, being now in per∣fect Amity each with other: And as they sat to∣gether,

one of the Caldeans began to this Effect. These Terms of Agreement can't but be very de∣sirable and pleasing to all the rest of our Coun∣trymen, save only such as live by pickering and robbing, who neither know what belongs to Til∣lage, nor can apply themselves to it, being al∣ways accustom'd to lead their Lives in War. They are constantly upon the hunt for Pillage and Plunder; and many a time have they ta∣ken pay of the King of India, (who is fam'd for a mighty wealthy Monarch) and serv'd Astyages as Mercenary Souldiers. And why will they not, quoth Cyrus, serve me in the same Quality at this time? For I will allow them as fair a sti∣pend as any Man ever did, that pay'd them best. They accepted his Proposals; and assur'd him, that many would be very willing to serve Him.

Matters being thus adjusted; and Cyrus un∣derstanding that the Caldeans sent frequent dis∣patches to the King of India, and withall re∣membring that there had been Spies sent from thence, first into Media, to pry into, and disco∣ver their Designs; and afterwards into their Enemies Country, to inform themselves what Circumstances they were in, he was ambitious that the Indian King should know what he had done. So he spake to them to this Effect.

Tell me, O King of Armenia, and you Caldeans, if * 1.14 I should from hence dispatch a Messenger with Instructions to the Indian King, would you joyn with him any of your Deputies who might both conduct him in his way, and also assist him in procuring from that King a Grant of what I request? For I could wish my Treasure

were yet more augmented, that I might be in a Condition not only to pay my Souldiers liberally, but also to compensate their Services with proportionable Honours and Rewards. On these Considerations I would amass toge∣ther as much Treasure as possibly I could. For tho I know I shall have need of it, yet, because I now look upon you as Friends and Allies, I would as gladly spare yours, as I would willingly receive a supply from the King of India, if he would furnish me with it. The Messenger there∣fore (whom I expect you should conduct in his Journey, and assist in his Embassay) shall upon his Arrival there, make his Address to this purpose. To you, O King of India, has Cyrus sent me, with an Express to acquaint you that he needs a present supply of Money, be∣cause he expects yet another Army from Per∣sia; (for so in truth I do, said he.) Provided therefore you will furnish him with as much as conveniently you can, he declares, that if God crown his Actions with Success, he will endea∣vour so to approve himself to you, that you shall have Reason to confess, you did then really consult your own Interest, when you comply'd with, and gratify'd Him. With these Instructions I shall send away my Envoy; but for your own you may Commission them to act as you think fit. And if he send us a sup∣ply, we shall be able to expend so much the more magnificently: but if he refuse, we shall look upon our selves to lye under no manner of Obligation to Him, but shall be left freely to our own Liberty to take such Measures, as may,

without any regard had of him, conduce most

to our Interest and Advantage. So spake Cyrus, expecting that the Armenian and Caldean Agents should represent him after the same manner, as he desir'd the whole World should both talk and hear of him. This done, and the Feast ended, they thought it convenient to betake themselves to their Rest.

The next Day Cyrus sent away his Envoy with these Instructions; the King of Armenia like∣wise and the Caldeans appointed Persons to at∣tend him, whom they esteem'd best qualified to sollicit for, and also to report of Cyrus things that were worthy him. After this, Cyrus having now finish'd the Fort, he put into it a sufficient Garrison, and furnish'd it with all things neces∣sary then constituting a Mede Governour of the Place, (which he knew would be highly pleasing to Cyaxares) he departed, taking with him not only the Army he brought thither, but also the additional Forces of the Armenians, together with those of the Caldeans, to the number of four thousand, who look'd upon themselves as a People of more Bravery and Courage than any of the rest. Now when he was come into those parts of the Country that were cultivated and well peopled, not one of all the Armenians, either Man or Woman, but quited their Houses, and came forth to meet him; expressing their Joy * 1.15 for this Peace, by bringing and presenting to him whatsoever was of Worth or Value amongst them. Nor was the King of Armenia dissatis∣fied hereat, believing Cyrus would be very well pleas'd, to be thus nobly receiv'd and honour'd

by All. At last, the Queen of Armenia her self, attended with her Daughters, and her younger Son, came forth to meet him; who, amongst other rich Presents, brought with her the Gold, which Cyrus before had refus'd to accept. Which when he perceiv'd, he said,

You shall never make me a Mercenary Benefactor. Wherefore, Madam, take this Money to your self, and don't return it again to the King to be by him hord∣ed up and buried; but rather make use of it to accoutre your Son, and send him forth with an honourable Equipage to the Army. Secure the Remainder to your self, your Husband, and your Children, that so you, enjoying thereof, and adorning your selves therewith, may spend your dayes in more Gayety and Pleasure. And let it suffice that your Bodies

when dead shall be buried in the Earth. This said, he rode forward, the King of Armenia him∣self in Person with all his People attending him, and calling him their good, their gracious Bene∣factor, still following him with these Acclamati∣ons, till they had conducted him beyond the Frontiers of their Country. The Armenian King likewise, having now Peace at home, furnish'd him with a greater Army.

Thus Cyrus departed, having not only richly supply'd himself with present Treasure, but also (by his gracious deportment) assur'd to him∣self a much greater Store, which he could at any time command, as his Occasions requir'd. At present he sat down with his Army, and encamp'd in the Frontiers. The next day he sent his Ar∣my and Money to Cyaxares, (who according to

his Promise was hard at hand,) whilst he, Tygra∣nes, and the Persian Nobility, diverted themselves with Hunting. Afterwards, being come into Media, he distributed amongst his principal Of∣ficers good store of Money, as an Encouragement to them, to honour and reward such of their Souldiers as they themselves set a value upon; concluding that the whole Body of the Army must needs be admirable, if every parti∣cular Officer did so discharge his Trust, that those he commanded should act nothing but what was honourable and brave. Besides, if he himself at any time knew what would advance * 1.16 the Interest and Grandcur of the Army, he would purchase it at any Rate, and generously bestow it amongst the most deserving; as fully per∣suaded, that whatsoever was great or glorious amongst them, still rendred him so much the more Illustrious. Now when he had distributed his Largesses among them, in a full assembly of his Captains, Lieutenants, and other inferiour Of∣ficers, that were in Reputation and Esteem, He spake to this Effect.

Me thinks at this time, my Friends, I dis∣cover * 1.17 a kind of cheerful Rejoycing amongst us, I suppose, because we have obtain'd so libe∣ral a Supply, that now we have wherewithall to reward those that merit well, and may also our selves expect to be honour'd according to our Dignities and Deserts. Let us then especi∣ally recollect by what Steps and Methods we have gain'd our selves such considerable Ad∣vantages: For if you Measure your own Acti∣ons aright, you will find, that Watching and

Labour, and Diligence, and a resolute withstand∣ing the Enemy, has made you what you are. Wherefore your Duty it is to acquit you for the future, like men truly valorous and brave: assuring your selves, that nothing but Obedi∣ence, Resolution, and Perseverance in difficult and dangerous Enterprises, can purchase true

Pleasure, and substantial Good.

Now when Cyrus perceiv'd how vigorous his Souldiers were; their Bodies robust and strong to undergoe the Toils of War; their Souls tru∣ly generous, and daring to despise the Enemy; well skill'd in what belong'd to their particular Armour; and all of them freely dispos'd intire∣ly to obey their Commanders: very desirous he was, upon these Accounts, immediately to exe∣cute some Design or other against the Enemy. For he knew that by lingring and delay, the noblest Projects, even of the bravest Generals, are often baffled and defeated. Besides, he saw Heats and Animosities fomented in the Army, through the Ambition of some, and Jealousie of others; for which reason he thought it the best Policy to bring them without delay into the Enemies Country: having learnt by Experience, that common Dangers, even among Souldiers, hinder their Affections each to other. For in such Case no man envies the glittering Armour of one, or repines at the Ambition of another; but do equally commend and congratulate one anothers Success, believing that they are all joyntly concern'd to procure the Advancement of the common Good. First then, he furnish'd out, and marshal'd his Army after the best and

most sightly manner he could. This done, he assembled together his Collonels, Captains, Lieute∣nants and Ensignes (for these were free-Officers, and not enroll'd in the ordinary Lists of Souldi∣ers; yet when they were to wait, upon the Ge∣neral for his Commands, or to inform him in any particular, the Army was not, therefore left at random, but allthings were plausibly manag'd by inferiour Officers, who commanded some perhaps twelve, some six in a Partie.) Now as soon as these 1 1.18 prime Commanders were met, Cy∣rus took them into his Tent, and not only de∣monstrated to them what Order and Discipline was; but also throughly inform'd them wherein particularly consisted the Strength of their Allies. And when he had rais'd in them an earnest de∣sire of entring presently upon Action, he sent them back to their respective Charges, there to teach every Man in his proper Province, what they had learn'd of him; and endeavour to kindle in them All, a Zeal heartily to espouse and pursue this War, that so the whole Army may march out with all imaginable Cheerfulness, and carly in the Morning appear before Cyaxa∣res his Gates. They immediately departed, and did as he commanded. And the next Morning, by break of Day, came and presented them∣selves before the Palace Royal. Then Cyrus with his Principal Officers entring the Court, address'd himself to Cyaxares in this manner. * 1.19

I know very well, O Cyaxares, quoth he, that the point I shall now speak to, has been long since approv'd of by You, as well as by Me: but You perhaps may be unwilling to

declare your Thoughts, lest possibly, if you should mention the leading forth our Armies, it might be suspected you were weary of the Expence of maintaining them at home, since therefore you are pleas'd to be Silent, I will undertake to manage this Concern in your be∣half as well as my own. We are all then resolv'd upon the point, since we are so compleatly furnish'd, not to suffer your Enemies to invade your Country before we give them Battel, nor will we sit down securely here and wait their coming; but immediately march out into their Territories. For so long as we remain with∣in your Dominions, we cannot (tho sore against our Wills) but spoil and impoverish them: Whereas, were we advanc'd into the Enemies Quarters, we should pillage them with Plea∣sure and Satisfaction. Besides, you now main∣tain us at a vast Charge; whereas did we make our Enemies Country the seat of the War, we would maintain our selves at their Expence. I confess, did greater Dangers threaten us there, then here, we might have some colour to choose the safest Place. But since they will certainly be the same Men, whether we expect their com∣ing and fight them here, to whether we pass their Frontiers, and meet them there: and we our selves shall be equally able to oppose them, whether we stay here to receive them, or march out against them, and give them Battel. Nay, in truth, we shall find our Men much more forward and daring, if we be the Invaders, and don't seem afraid to look the Enemy in the Face. And they likewise will so much the more

dread us, when they understand we don't sit at home like a faint-hearted People for fear of them; but upon the first Notice of their com∣ing against us, we presently march out to meet and fight them; not lingring at home till our own Country be harass'd and destroy'd, but pre∣vent that by first laying theirs waste. Now, I conceive, that to make them more timorous, or our selves more bold, will be to us a matter of very great Consequence; for by this means, I reckon the Danger on our side will be less, and on the Enemies considerably greater. Besides, 'tis a common saying with my Father, and with you also, which every one else likewise takes for granted, that a Man may better judge of the Issue of a Battel, by the Courage and Resolution of the Hearts, than by the bo∣dily Strength of the Combatants. So spake Cyrus; and Cyaxares thus •…•…eply'd.

I would neither have you, O Cyrus, not the rest of the Pers•…•…ns entertain any such Thoughts of me, as if I quarter'd you here grudgingly, and with regret. Nevertheless, I esteem it most ad∣visable, in every respect, that we immediately fall into the Enemies Country. Since then, quoth Cyrus, we are both upon the same point, let us be all in a readiness with Bagg and Baggage; and if the divine Sacrifices quickly favour our

Design, let us as speedily set forward. This said, having given the Souldiers charge to pre∣pare themselves, he sacrific'd first to King Jupiter, * 1.20 then to the rest of the Gods, beseeching them that they would be propitious and favourable to them, that they would vouchsafe to go forth

with their Armies, guide, succour, and assist them, and in all things direct them for their Advan∣tage and Good. He implor'd likewise the Assi∣stance of the Tutelar Demi Gods, Inhabitants and Guardians of Media. When he had fortunately finish'd his Sacrifice, and the whole Army was now assembled on the Frontiers; encourag'd by Auspicious Presages, he invaded the Enemies * 1.21 Land. No sooner had he pass'd the Marches, but he pour'd out Propitiatory Offerings upon the Earth, and by Sacrifice appeas'd the Gods and Demi-Gods, Patrons, and Inhabitants of As∣syria. This done, he sacrific'd yet once more to Jupiter, the Protector of his Nation: nor did he * 1.22 neglect any other God that came in his Way.

All things having thus prosperously succeeded, the Foot presently advanc'd by easie Marches, and encampt; whilst the Horse, making, frequent Inroads into the Country, brought off abundance of Spoil and Booty. Furnish'd thus with store of Provison, they dislodg'd thence, and encamp'd farther, to wait the Enemies coming, still rava∣ging the Country all along as they went. Now when Cyrus had Intelligence that the Enemy was advanc'd within ten Days March, 'Tis high time,

quoth he, Cyaxares, to set forward and meet them; that we neither give occasion to them, nor to our own Souldiers, to think we are afraid to go out against them; but rather let us evidence to them both, that we come with all Cheerfulness

and Resolution to fight them. This Cyaxares approv'd of; and henceforward they mov'd al∣waies in Battalia, making longer or easier Mar∣ches as they thought fit. They supp'd still by

Day-light. They never made any Fires in the Night time within the Camp, but without the Camp they did, that by the Advantage of the Light thereof; they might be able, themselves undiscern'd, to discover whether any one came toward them in the Night. They would often∣times kindle Fires behind the Camp, to amuse the Enemies, so that now and then their Scouts would fall in among our Out-Guards, perswading themselves by the distance of the Fire, that the Camp was a great way off.

Now when both Armies drew near each other, the Assyrians and their Confederates (a thing practis'd even at this Day among those Barbari∣an Kings) fortified themselves with a Trench; which they always do, when ever they lye en∣camp'd, and that with a great deal of ease, by reason of their vast Numbers. For they know very well that a Troop of Horse-men (especi∣ally Barbarians) is very troublesom and unser∣viceable in the Night; their Horses being al∣wayes tyed by the Feet to the Manger: so that upon any sudden surprise, they would find it very difficult to unloose and bridle them, and no less troublesom to saddle and harness them, and at last to mount them, and ride through the Camp, utterly impossible. All this consider'd, they, as well as other Barbarous Nations, use thus to entrench themselves; believing that being so * 1.23 strongly fenc'd and fortifi'd, they can't be oblig'd to fight but when they please. Whilst this was doing, the Armies were advanc'd somewhat near one another, not distant above a 1 1.24 Persian Mile, the Assyrians lying encamp'd, as has been said,

within a strong Entrenchment, but very open and expos'd to view. But Cyrus pitch'd his Tents in as close and secret a Place as he could, raising up Rampires and Mounts of Earth afront his Camp, knowing that all Warlike Preparations, the more surprising they are, the more do they terrifie and amaze the Enemy. So for that Night, after their Sentinels were set, both Ar∣mies betook themselves to their Repose.

The Day following, the King of Assyria, Grae∣sus, and the rest of the Captains, kept their Ar∣my quiet within their Trenches. But Cyrus and Cyaxares stood in Battalia, ready to fight, ex∣pecting when the Enemy would come out. But when they knew for certain that the Enemy would not quit their Trenches, nor come to Bat∣tel that Day, Cyaxares, calling to him Cyrus, and the rest of the chief Captains, spake unto them as follows.

I think it advisable, my Friends, that we march in this posture, imbat∣tled as we are, to our Enemies Trenches, and let them know we are very desirous to fight them. For if upon this, they refuse to come forth against us, our Men will attaque them with greater Vigour and Courage; and they seeing us so resolute and daring, will be so much the more disheartned. Thus he deliver'd his Opini∣on. Then Cyrus. For Heavens sake, said he, I beseech you Cyaxares, let us attempt no such thing. For if we should march out now, and shew our selves to the Enemy, as you advise us, they will look upon us with a kind of con∣tempt, not fearing us in the least, because they know themselves so securely fortified against

our Assaults, that nothing can hurt them: then if we draw off again without effecting any thing, they will presently disdain and scorn us, seeing us so much inferiour to them in Number; and the next Day sally out upon us with greater Resolution and Assurance. But as Matters now stand, knowing we are so near, yet not seeing us, believe me, they are not forward to despise us, but wonder what we mean, and I dare assure you we are very much the Subject of their Debates. Whereas, if they come forth on their own accord, it will then behoove us not only to let them see, but feel what we are, falling upon them immediately in that very Place where we would gladly have

fought them before. When Cyrus had thus spoke, not only All the rest, but even Cyaxares himself applauded his Counsel. Then, after ha∣ving sup'd, the Watch being set, and Fires kind∣led before the Camp, they retir'd to their Rest.

The next Morning early, Cyrus, crown'd with a Chaplet, came forth to sacrifice, commanding the rest of the Persian Nobility to appear in the * 1.25 same dress, and attend at the Solemnity. These Ceremonies perform'd, he spake to the Assem∣bly to this Effect. The Gods, my Friends, as the Sooth-sayers declare, and I my self am veri∣ly perswaded, foreshew a Battel at hand, and not only promise us Victory, but by the Sacrifices to assure us of Safety. Now for me to exhort you how to behave your selves in this juncture, I suppose will be needless; for I am abundantly satisfied you know that as well as I, having al∣ready hear'd and study'd, and still hearing and

practising this, no less than my self; so that herein you may justly pretend to instruct others. But if you are yet to seek, if you are yet to be inform'd, hearken to me. These our new-listed Associates, if we have a Zeal to make them like our selves, must be put in mind for what end Cyaxares has maintain'd us, what kind of Ex∣ercises we have been train'd up in, to what pur∣pose we have animated and provok'd them to declare themselves ready to share with us the Danger and Fortune of the War. You must like∣wise remember them that this is the Day which will signalize every Man according to his Merits. For 'tis not to be admir'd at, if they that begin late to learn, stand in need of one to encourage and advise them. But well it is when Men be∣have themselves valiantly, tho quickned thereun∣to and excited by others. Besides, your encou∣raging them will be an evident Proof of your own Worth. For he that can upon such Emergencies as these, infuse Resolution and Va∣lour into others, may very justly believe that he himself is already a most absolute Master of the same. But if he be only a Remembrancer to himself, and his Monitions have no further Influence, he can't reasonably believe but that he is yet half way short of Perfection. Upon this Account it is that I don't direct my Discourse to them, but leave that Charge wholly to you, that they also may endeavour so to acquit them∣selves as to be approv'd by you. For you are near them, and converse with them, every Man in his proper Station. And know this, that so long as you convince them that you are bold

and couragious, so long do you teach them to behave themselves valiantly, not by Precept on∣ly, but Example. This Discourse he clos'd up with his Commands that they should sit down to dinner crown'd as they were, and after they had offered their Drink-Offerings, return to the Army with their Garlands on their Heads.

After they were departed, He immediately sent for the 1 Rere-Officers, and spake to them * 1.26 as follows. Country-men and Friends, you also are of the Peerage of Persia, choice Men reputed, as in other Respects equal to the best, so in regard of your Age wiser than any; For which cause you are intrusted with a Charge no less honou∣rable than theirs who command in the Front of the Battel. For marching as you do, in the Rere, by observing and exciting those that do well, you animate them still with new Courage; and those that are lazy and unactive, by having an Eye upon them, you make them asham'd of their Cowardice. And indeed the Authority of your Age, as well as your Garb, makes Victory, if to any, due to you. If therefore any of the Lea∣ders of the Van-Guard call upon you and en∣courage you to follow them, be sure you obey them; and that this may not seem a lessening of you, do you exhort and quicken them to lead on more briskly against the Enemy. For the present you may depart hence to Dinner, that done, repair all of ye to your Respective Commands, crowned with Chaplets, as the rest of the Officers are. And these were the Instructi∣ons that Cyrus injoyn'd his Captains to ob∣serve.

The Assyrians, after Dinner, boldly quitted their Intrenchment, and with great shews of Re∣solution and Gallantry were drawn up in Batta∣lia. The King himself marshal'd them, and ri∣ding up and down the Army in his Chariot, en∣courag'd * 1.27 them with this Exhortation. Men of Assyria, This is the Day wherein you are to signalize your selves by your Valour. For now you must fight for your Lives, for the Country wherein you were born, the Houses wherein you were bred, your Wives, Children, and all your Possessions. If you come off with Victory, you will remain as before, Lords and Proprie∣tors of all this: But if you are conquer'd, assure your selves, at the same time you give up all in∣to the Enemies Hands. You therefore that would gladly return Victors, bear up bravely against them. For 'tis an unaccountable piece of Folly in them that hope for Conquest, to expose the naked, unarm'd, and defenceless parts of their Bodies to the Enemies pursuit. And no less ab∣surd is it for any one, that would willingly save his Life, therefore to betake himself to flight; as knowing that the Conquerours are they that survive; but for Fugitives and Renegades, they oftner dye than those that stand the heat and brunt of the Battel. But he is a most inexcusa∣ble Sot, that is desirous to heap up Riches, yet is content to be vanquish'd at an easie Rate. For who does not know that the Victors not only secure what is their own, but seize also upon the Wealth and Treasures of the Conquered: whereas they that are overcome, at once enslave themselves, and forfeit all they have. So spake the King of Assyria:

Then Cyaxares sent to Cyrus, to let him know he thought it high time to march out against the Enemy. For, said he, although few of them have yet quitted their Trenches, yet by that time we are advanc'd up to them, they will be very numerous. Let us not therefore lye lin∣gring here, till they are able to over-power us in Number; but fall on and attacque them now whilst we believe we may obtain an easie Victo∣ry over them. To this Cyrus reply'd; Assure your self of this Cyaxares, that unless we ingage with, and defeat the major part of them, they will certainly report, that their Numbers so ter∣rified us, that we durst only encounter them in small Parties; and consequently will not at all look upon themselves to be overcome; So that you will be oblig'd to try the Fortune of another Battel, wherein possibly they may use other and better Policie than now they have done, by sus∣fering themselves so to be 1 1.28 shut up in their Holds, that we may fight them in what Numbers we please. With this Answer the Messengers de∣parted.

Now Crysantas the Persian, and others of the Nobility were newly arriv'd at the Camp, ha∣ving brought in with them some Deserters, whom Cyrus examin'd concerning the Enemies Actions and Designes. They told him, that they were already march'd out of their Trenches arm'd; that their King at the Head of them was setting them in Battalia; and that as they had receiv'd it from those that heard him, he encourag'd them still as they came forth, with many pressing and effective Exhortations.

Then said Crysantas; what if you, O Cyrus, should, whilst you have yet Opportunity, call your Souldiers together, and by some pathetick Oration stir up in them brave and heroick Thoughts? To whom Cyrus reply'd, Trouble not * 1.29 your self, good Crysantas, at these Monitory Dis∣courses of the King Assyria; for be they never so vehement and perswasive, they cannot in one day make Cowards valiant: nor teach Men the perfect use of the Bow, that have not yet been train'd up in Archery: nor are they powerful enough to make those good Darters, or com∣plete Horsemen, who have not by frequent Practice master'd the same: nor teach men to undergoe Hardships, whose Bodies have never been inur'd thereunto. But said Crysantas, 'tis suf∣ficient, O Cyrus, if your Exhortations prevail with them to shew themselves more courageous. Can there then, quoth Cyrus, be such Efficacy in a single Oration, that the bare pronouncing of it, shall not only make the Hearers asham'd of doing any thing that is base and infamous, but also excite in them noble Resolutions, for the Love of Glory, to undergo all manner of Toil, and encounter the most desperate Dangers, fix∣ing them firmly in this Opinion, that to dye bravely in Battel is much more preferable, than to save ones Life by an inglorious Flight. Besides, to imprint in Mens Minds such generous Thoughts as these in lasting and indeleble Cha∣racters, is it not think you necessary that the Law should make such Provision for valiant, worthy Men, that they may live in a state of Freedom and Honour; but Cowards may be

doom'd to an abject, wretched and uncomfor∣table Life? And further, I hold it very requisite, that Teachersand Governours preside over them, who may by Example as well as Precept so pre∣vail upon them, as to fix in them this Opinion. That Men of Valour and Honour are truly the most happy; but Cowards and Villains the most miserable People in the World. For indeed they that would rather signalize themselves by their own good Discipline, than take Advantage of the Enemies Fear, ought to be thus qualified and * 1.30 instructed. Now when just marching out to Battel (for upon such a surprize many of them forget their old Instructions) if it were possible then by a tumultuary Oration, to make them immediately warlike Men; how easie would it be, both to learn and to teach the greatest and * 1.31 noblest Vertue that Mankind is capable of. I, for my part, could hardly confide in these Mens Resolutions (though they have been train'd up and exercis'd with us) but that I see you ready, in your own Persons, to give them Examples what they ought to be, and also able to inform them wherein they are deficient. And to me, Crysantas, 'tis no less wonderful, that the graceful Delivery of an Oration should make raw un∣disciplin'd Men truly valiant, than that a tune∣ful Melody sweetly sung, should make them com∣pleat Musicians, who are utterly unacquainted with the Art.

Whilst matters were thus debating, Cyaxares sent again to Cyrus, to let him know he did ve∣ry ill to make such delays, and blam'd him for not marching directly against the Enemy. But

Cyrus sent back the Messengers with this Answer: Acquaint Cyaxares, quoth he, that there is not yet a sufficient number of our Enemies come forth of their Camp: and this be sure you tell him in the hearing of the whole Army. Nevertheless seeing it is his Pleasure, I will instantly march. This said, having first made his Supplications to the Gods, he led forth his Army. Now when he began to lead them on a great pace, he himself marching in the Head of them, his Souldiers all follow'd him in Battalia, as having by long Ex∣perience and Practice perfectly learn'd to keep such Order. They march'd on briskly too, be∣cause there was a kind of Emulation amongst them; their Body's were hardned and inur'd to Travel; and all their Leaders were principal Commanders. They advanc'd likewise with a great deal of Cheerfulness, because they were ex∣pert and knowing. For they understood well enough what they had learn't long before, that it was the easiest and safest way to charge the Enemy close, especially if they were Archers, Darters, or Horsemen. Whilst therefore they were yet out of Arrows-shot, Cyrus gave them the signal, Jupiter, our Protector and Leader. Which, when it had pass'd through the Army, and back again to him, he began a solemn Hymn to Castor and Pollux, in which the whole Host very devoutly bare a part with him, singing with a loud Voice. For they that at such a juncture are thus superstitiously given, stand so much the less in fear of Men. This Solemnity being ended, the Nobles march'd on cheerfully together, as being perfectly instructed in the

Art of War; And looking round about one up∣on another, they call'd their Friends and Fol∣lowers by name, encouraging them by the fre∣quent Repetition of these Words, (now beloved Friends, now valiant Fellow Souldiers) to bear up briskly against the Enemy. Which when they in the Rere heard, they likewise animated and exhorted their Leaders to march on boldly. So that the whole Army of Cyrus was full of Ala∣crity, Emulation, Vigour, Resolution, Exhor∣tation, Temperance and Obedience, than which nothing can be a more terrible Sight to an Ene∣my. But of the Assyrian Army, those that came first out of their Intrenchment to begin the Bat∣tel as soon as the Persian Host drew near, mounted their Chariots, and retir'd into the main Body. Their Archers, Darters, and Slingers discharged at the Enemy sooner than they could possibly reach them. Now when the Persians were so far advanc'd that they trod upon the Enemies Ar∣rows, Cyrus said with a loud Voice: Most vali∣ant Captains, let some one amongst you immedi∣ately step forth, and by some notable Exploit ani∣mate and encourage the rest. Which Words passing from them to others, some out of a cou∣rageous Forwardness and Zeal to fight, began to run, and were seconded by all the rest of the Army. Cyrus also himself, forgetting his walking-March, ran now at the Head of them, crying out. Who follows? Who is the most daring? Who first kills his Man? Which the rest hear∣ing, did the same; So that the whole Army re∣sounded with this pathetick Exhortation, Who will follow? Who dares be courageous? Thus

warm'd and excited, the Persians fell on, and charg'd the Enemy fiercely, who not being able to maintain their Ground, turn'd their Backs, and fled to their Rampiers. The Persians pur∣su'd them closely to the very entrance of their * 1.32 Camp, where they slew many of them, throng∣ing hard one upon another. Those that fell into the Trenches, they leap'd down upon them and slew them Horse and Man. Some of their Chariots likewise in their flight were forc'd into the Ditches: Which when the Median Cavalry perceiv'd, they fell furiously upon the Enemies Horse, and made them give way. Hereupon be∣gan a desperate pursuit both of Horse and Men, with a mighty slaughter of both. The Assyrians within the Camp, who were got up to the top of the Rampier, had neither Will nor Power to shoot at those that made such Havock of them; So dread∣ful was the Spectacle, and so astonish'd were they with Fear. Nay presently, when they un∣derstood some of the Persians had by a breach forcibly entred their Intrenchments, they quitted their Posts, and fled. Now when the Wives of the Assyrians and their Confederates saw them flye even in their own Camp, they skrieck'd out, and ran up and down like People distracted, Matrons as well as Virgins rent their Garments, tore their own Flesh, and begg'd of those they met with, not to run away and leave them help∣less; but to protect their Children, their Wives and themselves. At last, the Kings also, with a Reserve of the most trusty Men they had, came to the very entrance of the Camp, and mounting the Rampiers, both fought themselves in Person,

and likewise encourag'd others so •…•…o do, Cyrus understanding what was done, and fearing lest, if they should violently break in upon them, they being inferiour in Number, might suffer by them; He sounded a retreat, commanding them upon their Obedience to draw out of Ar∣row-shot. There one might have seen how ad∣mirably the Nobility had been educated: For they not only readily obey'd themselves, but immediately commanded the rest to do the like. And no sooner were they out of the Enemies reach, but every man rang'd himself in his pro∣per Place, as easily and readily as in any Dance, because they all knew perfectly their own Sta∣tions. * 1.33

The End of the Third Book.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The King of Armenia flies.
• * 1.2

  The K. of Armenia pleads his own Cause.
• * 1.3

  Cyrus deals subtilly with the K. of Armenia.
• * 1.4

  Tygranes pleads his Fathers Cause.
• * 1.5

  Fear is the worst of Punish∣ments.
• * 1.6

  Cyrus dis∣misseth his Prisoners Ransom∣free.
• * 1.7

  An excel∣lent saying of a Dying Man.
• * 1.8

  Cyrus con∣sults how he may be Master of the Calde∣an Moun∣tains.
• 1 1.9

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.10

  The Calde∣ans a War∣like Nati∣on.
• * 1.11

  Cyrus his Goodness to the Cal∣dean Cap∣tives.
• * 1.12

  The King of Armenia to Cyrus.
• * 1.13

  Conditions of Peace between the Arme∣nians and Caldeans.
• * 1.14

  Cyrus con∣sults about sending an Ambassa∣dor to the King of India.
• * 1.15

  The Arme∣nians En∣tertain∣ment of Cyrus at h•…•…s Return.
• * 1.16

  Cyrus's Li∣berality.
• * 1.17

  His Orati∣on to his Captains, &c.
• 1 1.18

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.19

  His Orati∣on con∣cerning in∣vading As∣syrid.
• * 1.20

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.21

  Cyrus in∣vades Assy∣ria.
• * 1.22

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.23

  a Persian Word: it contain'd three Fur∣longs, near four Miles English.
• 1 1.24

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.25

  Cyrus his Oration to the Nobi∣lity of Per∣sia.
• * 1.26

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.27

  The King of Assyria's Oration to his Army.
• 1 1.28

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• * 1.29

  Cyrus his Discourse to Crysan∣tas, &c.
• * 1.30

  Souldiers.
• * 1.31

  Fortitude.
• * 1.32

  Cyrus his Victory over the Persians.
• * 1.33

  His Order∣ly Retreat.