The surgeons mate or Military & domestique surgery Discouering faithfully & plainly ye method and order of ye surgeons chest, ye uses of the instruments, the vertues and operations of ye medicines, with ye exact cures of wounds made by gunshott, and otherwise as namely: wounds, apos fumes, ulcers, fistula's, fractures, dislocations, with ye most easie & safest wayes of amputation or dismembring. The cures of the scuruey, of ye fluxes of ye belly, of ye collicke and iliaca passio, of tenasmus and exitus ani, and of the calenture, with A treatise of ye cure of ye plague. Published for the service of his Ma. tie and of the com:wealth. By John Woodall Mr. in chyrurgerie.

THE Tearms of Art, Recited formerly in Verse, are here again repeated Alphabetically, and more plainly interpr••ted.

ALbation is the abstraction of dust, moths, gret, adhe∣ring to a thing with an Hares foot, feather, spather, knife, or the like.

Ablution is exaltation, cleansing unclean things by often infusion, reducing them to purity.

Alcolis••us is an operation by calcination, ribella∣tion, and other means, which reduceth a matter into Alcool, the finest powder that is.

Amalgamation is the putting together, solution, or calcination of fami∣liar metals, by Argentum vivum, &c.

Ar••matization is an artificial manner of preparation, whereby medica∣ments are made more suaveolent and odoriferous for the oblectation and strength of the palate, and vital faculty.

Attrition is a certain manner of preparation, like grinding on a conve∣nient stone with some humidity, whereby Lapis Judaicus, Collyria, and the like are prepared.

Buccellatio is dividing into gobbets, or by peece-meals.

Calcination is solution of bodies into Calx or Alcool, by desiccation of the native humidity, by reverberate ignition, by Amalgamation, by Aqua fort is, the spirit of salt vitriol, Sulphur, or the like.

Calfaction is a certain manner of preparing simple and compound me∣dicaments, not by boyling or burning, but by the moderate heat of the Sun, fire, ••imus equinus, vel ejus vicarius.

Cementation is gradation by cementing.

Cementum is a mineral matter like lute, and penetrating, wherewith me∣tals spred over are reverberated to cement.

Ceratio is the mollification of an hard thing, untill it be like waxe at the fire.

Cinefaction is ignition converting Vegetables and Animals by a very vehement heat into Cineres.

Circulation is the exaltation of pure liquor, as spirit of Wine by

circular solution, and coagulation in a Pelican, a moderate heat forcing it.

Clarification is the expurgation of sordid grosse matter from liquid me∣dicaments.

Coad••nation (sometimes termed by the name of a more excellent spe∣cies, Coagulation) is a perfect and skilful working, whereby disagreeing things are united,

Coagmentation like to glutination, is by liquate things, to which dissol∣ving powders are cast, and afterwards are made concrete by laying them in a cold place, or by evaporating their humidity.

Coagulation is the coaction of things agreeing in nature from a thin and a fluid consistence into a solid masse, by the privation ••f moisture.

Coction is the alteration or commutation of a thing to be boyled.

Cohobation is frequent abstraction of liquor oftentimes a••••used upon a dead head or dry feces by distillation.

Colation is the transmission of that which is humid thorow a strainer, that the liquor may be had separated from the dryer substance.

Colliquation, or Colliquefaction, is the conjunction of many fusils or li∣quables to make one compound by eliquation on the fire.

Coloration is, whereby the perfect colour of gold, silver, Philosophers Lead, &c. obscured by any sulphurious vapour, is renovated and illu∣strated by maceration, frequent ablution, in sharp liquor, as Salt, Argal, spirit of wine, wine vineger, or by an acute paste laid on the said me∣tals.

Combustion is ignition, converting bodies by burning them into Calx.

Comminution is the reducing of any matter into such fine powder by dilution, filteration, exiccation, contusion, calcination, cribration, or any other means, that no roughnesse or corpulency be felt, as Alcool.

Complexion is the nature of a part hot, cold, moy••t, or dry.

Composition is the codunation of divers things.

Concretion is divaporation of humidity in fluid things, by gentle deco∣ction on fire,

Confriction is a certain light Attrition, by which pulverable things, with the rubbing of the fingers, or a more solid body, are quickly levigated, as Cerussa Amylum, &c.

Confusion is properly a mixture of such liquid things as are fluid, and of one and the same nature (as of divers waters by themselves, and so of oyles:) liquid things (as wax, rosin, pitch, &c.) may likewise be confu∣sed, but by Eliquation.

Congelation is often performed by a precedent decoction of things to a certain height or just consistence, which after set into a Cellar or cold place, do congeal into a transparent substance, not unlike ice, as is seen in the making of Copperas, Salt▪peter, or the like.

Conglutination is the ••errumination or compaction of metals, jewels, glasses, &c. by gummes, glue, whites of egges, and the like, the nature of the conglutinated remaining,

Contusion is the beating of grosse bodies into smaller or very subtile parts.

Corrosion is calcination, reducing things coagulated, by the corroding spirits of salt, sulphur, wine-vineger distilled, Aqua fortis, &c. into Calx.

Cribration is the preparation of medicaments by a sive or scarce.

Deliquation is the preparation of things by melting on the fire.

Deliquium is the liquation of a concrete (as salt, powder calcined, &c. set in an humid an frigid place (external humidity, resolving the siccity) that it flow, having a watery form, as is apparant in the preparation of salt of Tartar.

Descension is when the essential juyce dissolved from the matter to be distilled, is subducted and doth descend.

Despumation is when spume or froth floating on the top, is taken away with a spoon, feather, or by colation.

Distillation is, whereby an essence is extracted in the form of liquor, and being coagulated, is carried by the stillicidium translated out of the vessel of the matter, into the excipulium sublocated.

Difflation is, wheu through heat, spirits arising, are with a kind of folles blown into the adverse camera, and there are found congulated.

Digestion is simple maturation, whereby things uncocted in artificial di∣gestory heat (as food by a natural heat in the stomack) is digested.

Dissolution is a preparation of medicaments simple, and compounded by some convenient humidity to a certain consistence.

Distraction is a certain divulsion or disunition of divers things before united and agreeing together (no respect of one existing or comprehended in an other had) every one remaining in its own nature.

Divaporation is exhalation by fire of vapour, remaining in liquid sub∣stances, till all aquofity be consumed, or in more dry but fumed by tor∣refaction.

Dulcification is the correction of mineral medicaments by ablutions, and the like.

Duration is either when things mollified at the fire are set in a cold place to harden: or by boyling to an high consistence or admixtion of dry powder with them, do waxe hard.

Elaboration is a manual operation, whereby we extract from a substance the most excellent matter, the ignoble parts removed.

Election is of simples according to time and season wherein they are ga∣thered, and according to the region wherein they grow, that so the best may be had, and their vigour appear in use according to expectation.

Elevation is▪ subtiliation, when spiritual parts from the corporal, sub∣tile from the grosse, the not fixt from the fixed, like smoke by the force of fire are elevated, and adhering to the cold concaves of the Alembeck, do thicken and convert into water.

Elixation i•• coction in humid•• by a moderate heat.

Elution is the preparation of common Bole, Tal••um, Crocus Martis, Ter∣ra Lemnia, &c. by pulverization, calcination, lotion, &c.

Evaporation, See Divaporation.

Exaltation is an operation, whereby a medicament changed in his af∣fections by gentle dissolution, is produced to an higher •• dignity of sub∣staance and vertue, and a greater degree of purity.

Exhalation is, when the spirit of any matter solid, or in powder (being put into a platter, or any other convenient vessel set on coales) is elevated through heat, and vanisheth into the air.

Expression is extraction by a presse, wherein herbes, amygdales, &c. compressed, pour forth their substances (as juyces and oyl, into a liquid form.

Extinction is the suffocation of a matter fiery and hot into some humi∣dity.

Extraction is a segregation of an essence from a corporeous concretion, by digestion in Balneo, his feces left in fundo, as Rhabarbarum in spirit of Wine infused, manifesteth.

Fermentation is the exaltation of a massie substance, by the admission of Fermentum, which doth penetrate it wholly (his vertue distributed by a spirit) and inverteth it into his own nature.

Ferrumination is the joyning together of a fracture in one and the same Metal, or of divers Metals, by a Mineral flux.

Filteration called percolation, by Filtrum a Chymical colum is subdu∣ction of thin aquosity in humid things, the thick and oyly substances re∣sisting.

Fission, see Section.

Fictation is the assuefaction of volatil and spiritual bodies to fire by cal∣cination, gentle and continual decoction, frequent sublimation, solution, and coagulation often iterated, or by addition of a matter fixed, that so they may endure fire and not flie away.

Fraction is the breaking of some matter with ones hand, or with an in∣strument.

Frixion is the preparation of some medicaments, with oyl, butter, wine, vineger, &c. in a convenient vessel, for the correcting of bad qualities in them.

Fulmination derived of fulmen a Latin word, signifying fire breaking out of the clouds, causing a sudden light great and bright, is a metallicall gradation, with excoction to an absolute perfection in Cinerition, whose purity is declared by an effulgent splendor.

Fumigation is calcination of metals, by the sharp corroding vapour of Mercury, Philosophers Lead, &c. boyling in a crucible, the metals cut into plates, and either laid over the Orificium of the crucible, or hanged over the fume.

Fusion is liquation by heat violent or moderate, for the separation of the pure from the impure.

Gradation is an exaltation of Metals in the degree of affections, where by waight, colour, and constancy they are brought to an excellent measure, but the substance unaltered: so Gold is rubified, fixed, and purified.

Granulation proper to Metals, by infusion on fire, and effusion into water is their comminution into granula, or very small drops like Grana Paradisi.

Humectation, see Irrigation.

Ignition is calcination, the fire reducing violent bodies into Calx.

Illiquation is the commistion of terrene bodies with Metalline (as of

Lapis cadmia with cuprum) but so as each retains his own substance.

Imbibition, a Philosophical operation is ablution, when liquor ad∣joyned to a body is elevated, and not finding vent, doth fall back upon the same, and often washeth it with Humectations, so long as it being coagulated, can no more ascend, but remaineth wholly fixt.

Imbution, see Infusion and maceration.

Inceration is the mixture of humidity with that which is dry, by a gen∣tle and not hasty combibition to the consistence of mollified wax.

Incineration, see Cinefaction.

Incorporation is a sudden addition of so much humidity to exiccate mat∣ters as is required in the true consistence of a mixt body, past, or a masse.

Infusion is the preparation of medicaments, cut or bruised in some hu∣midity convenient for the purpose, a lesser or longer time, whether it be an hour, one day or many, a week or a moneth, &c.

Inhumation is the setting of two pots (the head of the uppermost being very well covered and luted, with his bottome boared full of little pin∣holes, and sure fastened to that which is underneath in the ground, and burying them with earth to a certain depth, having a circular fire made for distillatory transudation per descensum.

Insolation is the preparation of simple or compound things by the heat of Sun in the Summer, or a gentle fire in the Winter, or in Balneo, or in fimo equino.

Irrigation not much unlike immersion, is an aspersion of humidity up∣on things that are to be dissolved, that so they may the more easily de∣liquate.

Levigation is the reduction of any hard and ponderous matter by com∣minution, and diligent contusion into fine powder, like Alcool.

Limation proper to Metals (as Steel, Iron, Brasse, Lead, &c.) is a pre∣paration with a file, whereby they yeeld dust for divers uses.

Liquation is when as that which shall be made into one body, is dissol∣ved, that it can flow abroad like waves.

Liquefaction is the dissolution of a Mineral body, by the force of a very gentle fire.

Lotion is a preparation of medicaments by water, or some other liquor to remove some evil and hurtful thing, and to procure some good and profitable quality in them.

Lutation, right worthy the name of Sapientia, is a medicine thin or thick according to the heat and continuance of the fire, which stoppeth most exactly the orificium of the vessel, that no vapour passe out.

Maceration is preparation of things not unlike to Humectation in the man∣ner of working, but in time, for some are infused three, four, or moe moneths, and some a shorter space.

Maturation is exaltation of a substance, rude and crude to that which is mature and perfect.

Mistion is such a composition of bodies, as inceration, incorporation, colliquation, and contusion do declare.

Mollition is the beginning of liquation, yet some things are mollified (as cornu cervi, Corral, Ivory, Ungulae, &c.) which cannot liquate.

Multiplication by projection, is of a body amalgamated from 7. to 10. from 10. to 50. from 50. to 100. &c. according to the force and quantity of the tincture.

Mundisication is the purgation of any matter by few or many operations from that which is sordid and vicious, that onely the most excellent may be admitted to the work in hand.

Nutrition is the permistion of humidity by little and little, for the al∣teration of the quality of the medicament.

Precipitation is when bodies corroded by Aqua fortis, or Aqua Regia, and dissolved into water, Salt Armoniack or Mercury cast upon them, either by the abstraction of the corroding vapour, are reverberated into Calx, they are made perfect medicines.

Probation is the examination of any matter, whereby we discern what is excellent and perfect, and what corrupt.

Projection is an exaltation chiefly in Metals, by a medicine cast upon them, which will suddenly penetrate and transfigurate them, giving them another tincture.

Prolectation is extraction by attenuation of subtil parts, so that by the inclination of their rarified nature, they may be altred from the more grosse parts.

Purgation like to separation, is the clarification of impure liquor, having a thick sedement and spume by decoction.

Putrifaction is the resolution of a mixt body by a natural putritude in calido humido, or fimo equino, &c. whereby it may be made more excel∣lent.

Quartation is the separation of Gold and Silver mixt together, by four unequal parts.

Quinta essentia is an absolute, pure and well-digested medicine drawn from any substance, either animal, vegetable, or mineral.

Rasion is the scraping or paring of a thing, either for expurgation of that which is unprofitable, or for easier pulverization.

Reduction common to many operations doth restore a thing changed to his former estate and condition.

Repurgation is, whereby metals and other substances are purged from super fluities of another nature, adhering to them.

Resolution (the way to most excellent operations of Alchymie, causing both elements and coelestial essences to separate from their elementary composition) of things commixt, is when they part one with another.

Restinction is a gradation, whereby metals or the like, candified by fire, are restinguished in liquor of exaltation, and thereby made more noble, by how much a more excellent tincture and glosse is set upon them.

Reverberation is ignition reducing bodies (the fire quick reverberating and reflecting) into a very subtil Calk.

Section is the cutting of things great into lesser parts, for the present occasion.

Segregation is the solution of that which was whole and perfect into parts divided, which flow not together as colliquables dissolved.

Separation is, whereby parts distracted are separated every one alike ha∣ving his several being in himself.

Siccation is the drying up of excremental humidity in bodies, before the fire, Sun, in the shade, or the like convenient place.

Solution, a principal part of Chymical practice, whereby the incorpo∣ration of things coagulated, is dissolved and attenuated.

Subduction is an abstraction of juyces, oyles, and other liquid matters downward by percolation, filteration, and the like.

Sublimation is when that which is extracted is driven to the sublime part of the vessel, and there subsisteth, or when as between that which is sub∣limed, and the dead head an aëry space doth intercede.

Subtiliation is dissolution, separating the subtil parts from the grosse.

Stratification, or stratum superstratum well known to Chymists, and used in cementation, is strewing of corroding powder, or the like, upon plates of metal by course.

Torrefaction like siccation, but more violent, is an operation drying speedily, parching and scorching that which is to be dryed before, or over the fire.

Transmutation is the mutation of a thing in substance, colour, or qua∣lity.

Transudation is, when in descensory distillation, the essence provoked, sweateth through, and is carried guttatim into the receiver.

Vitrification is Combustion, converting Calk and Cineres into transpa∣rant glasse.

Ustion is a preparation of things for easier pulverization, mutation of colour, faculty, &c. by burning them in a crucible, or in the fire.