The surgeons mate or Military & domestique surgery Discouering faithfully & plainly ye method and order of ye surgeons chest, ye uses of the instruments, the vertues and operations of ye medicines, with ye exact cures of wounds made by gunshott, and otherwise as namely: wounds, apos fumes, ulcers, fistula's, fractures, dislocations, with ye most easie & safest wayes of amputation or dismembring. The cures of the scuruey, of ye fluxes of ye belly, of ye collicke and iliaca passio, of tenasmus and exitus ani, and of the calenture, with A treatise of ye cure of ye plague. Published for the service of his Ma. tie and of the com:wealth. By John Woodall Mr. in chyrurgerie.

AN ABRIDGMENT OF The vertues of certain Unguents, most usual in the SURGEONS Chest.

Vnguentum Basilicon.

THis unguent doth digest and incarn wounds and ul∣cers; and will also prepare and bring to suppuration an Apostume either hot or cold, being somewhat thick spread on towe or leather and applyed thereto: it also mitigateth the pain and pulsation thereof, and is likewise very fitly mixed either with praecipitate, Unguentum Egyptiacum, or the like medicine, the more easily and better to mundifie and cleanse an ulcer: this unguent is of tem∣perament warm, and it is ascribed to have been devised by Galen: it is also good for burnings and scaldings.

Vnguentum Apostolorum.

THis unguent serveth well to cleanse and scowre ulcers and fistu∣la's, and to make a good ground to healing: it is of temperament hot and dry: it was devised by Avicen; named Apostolorum, for that it consisteth of twelve several ingredients joyned into one body.

Vnguentum Aureum.

THis unguent serveth well to incarn wounds and ulcers, being first well mundified: it is also to be used as a balm to them to heal them, and is a good healer of burnings and scaldings, the fire first taken out. The composition which I do make, is of the practice of Josephus Quer∣••itanus, whose good use I have made trial of.

Vnguentum Egyptiacum.

THis unguent serveth to scowre; it mundifieth all rotten foul ulcers, and is best to be put into the grief scalding hot, for then the usual pain and corrosion it procureth will be quickly past: in like manner it is to be used in any venemous wounds, made either with poysoned shot,

or bitten with mad dogs, or any other venemous creature, or great con∣tused wounds, wherein, for preventing them from fear of a Gangreen, it excelleth. It serveth also well to be used alone, or mixed with any lo∣tion for ulcers of the mouth and throat, especially in the scurvie. This unguent drieth vehemently, and is abstersive: it is of temperament hot and dry, and was devised by Mesues.

Vnguentum album Camphoratum.

THis unguent is very good to cool and heal any hot moist pustles: it cureth excoriations of the skin in any place, but chiefly in the yard betwixt glans and praeputium: it also healeth burnings and scaldings very well, and is good to be applyed to any painfull ulcer; for it asswageth pain, and healeth well. It was invented by Avicen: it is of temperament cold, anodine, mollificative, and attractive, and therefore of very good consequence in the Surgeons Chest.

Vnguentum Diapompholigos.

THis unguent is good to heal painful ulcers in any part of the body, especially of the yard, or betwixt glans and praeputium, as also any fretting or painful ulcers of the leggs, or elsewhere. I have found it good before all other unguents in ulcers of the yard; indeed against virulent, painfull and corrosive ulcers, scarce a better composition is known: in Noli me tangere in the face, I have had good experience of it; and in many other occasions I have found it a very useful unguent: of temperament it is cold and dry. Nicolaus Alexandrinus was the Author of it.

Vnguentum Pectorale.

IT swageth the pains and stitches of the breast and sides, easeth the cough, helpeth expectoration: as also to digest grosse humours, and to attenuate them: it warmeth and comforteth a cold stomack. This composition is set down in the Dispensatory of Augustanus.

Vnguentum Rosatum.

THis is used against inflammations, Ignem sacrum, and all hot pains of the head: it asswageth the pains of the liver, kidnies, and belly, proceeding of heat, and hath vertue to corroborate. It was invented by Mesues.

Vnguentum Tripharmacon, or Nutritum.

THis serveth well to cure an Erysipilas, excoriation or bladderings of the skin; such also as are termed the Shingles: it is also good for to take the fire out of burnings and scaldings; and for any moist hu∣mour flowing to any ulcers in any part of the body, being spread upon cap-paper thin, and laid over the whole distempered part: also against any

sleight scabbinesse or itching humour, whence soever it is: it ••••••an espe∣cial good defensative against any scalding or vicious humour, flowing to any ulcer. Of temperament this unguent is cold and dry: it is subject to divide it self, namely, the Oyl, Litharge, and Vinegar asunder; which if it be wrought together again will be as good as at the first: and if it be over dry, add vinegar and oyl thereto, and it will be as good as ever.

Unguentum Populeum.

THis serveth well to asswage the pains of the Sourvy; by anointing the parts grieved there with. I may justly say, upon the experience of divers skilful Surgeons, and my own also, that as well in hot as in cold countries, it hath been found so exceeding comfortable and behove∣ful, that scarce any composition of an Unguent in the Surgeons Chest may compare with it: which some may think is a very absurd affirma∣tion in reason, but that experience will have it so. It is good also to an∣noint the Temples, to provoke rest in hot fevers; as also the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. It is likewise good to be applyed for swa∣ging of pain in any part of the body, and being applyed cold upon a Plegent where you have laid any corrosive, it easeth the dolour of the caustick medicine. Of temperament it is cold and moist; it was devi∣sed by Nicolaus.

Mel Saponis.

MEl Saponis is honey and sope mixed ana, partes aequales, and is a me∣dicine appointed to be first applyed (upon a burning or scalding) to take the fire out. It is a linament of ancient use amongst our countrey Surgeons, and good: but I find it not mentioned in ancient Writers; in want whereof use Tripharmacon, or an infusion of Vinegar and Litharge: namely, ℞ Litharge of gold in powder ℥ 4. wine Vinegar lib i. mix them well, and boil them very gently a little on the fire, and the Vinegar will become sweet as sugar, and very anodine: foment the grief therewith, and you shall find present ease to the party. Or take Populeum and un∣guentum album mixed, and apply it on soft cap-paper, first being well rubbed with your hand to make it so: or take Diacalcithios or Minium plaster, and mix it with Linseed-oyl, or oyl of Elders, till it be a gentle unguent, and so apply it: or Tripharmacon alone will do well: also Ho∣ney alone is a good medicine.

Unguentum contra ignem.

THis composition used that purpose, you shall find in Johann••s Weckerus his Dispensatory, pag. 1174. I have found it very good against burnings and scaldings, as also against burnings with Gunpowder. Where I write the compositions of my medicines in general, that also shall be expressed. In want of this composition, the Vng. album, either alone, or mixed with Tripharmacon, will do very well; which if it be too hard or dry, you may mix oyl of Roses or Linseed with it: and for want of this, you may take Diacalcithios or Minium mixed or relented with

any of the said oyles, or any other fitting oyl, as oyl olive simple: also unguentum Basilicon is very good in burnings and scaldings.

Unguentum contra scorbutum.

THe composition of this Unguent is recited in the cure of the Scur∣vy. I have had the practice thereof, and found it very good to at∣tenuate grosse tumors of the Scurvy, to asswge the pains of them, and by the use thereof to dissolve such tumors. I use this Unguent in cold causes, and in want thereof, ung: Martiatum, or Oleum Laurini, or Dial∣thea: but in hot griefs and very painful I use Populeum.

Unguentum Dialthea compositum.

THis Unguent Nicolas an ancient writer seemeth to be the Author of. It is profitable against pains of the breast proceeding of a cold cause, and against the Pleurisie: it warmeth, mollifieth, and comforteth all the parts of the body, which are evil disposed through cold infirmities: it is also good against stiffnesse and pains of the joynts in the Scurvy.

Dialthea simplex.

THIs hath the properties of the former, but the former is bet∣ter.

Unguentum potabile.

THis unguent is a sure Balsame for wounds of any sort, or in any part of the body, either penetrating or not penetrating; in wounds penetrating either inject it warm, or pour it into the wound. Also upon any occasion, it is to be drunk ʒ i. or ii. at once, or for a dose. It healeth wounds within the body. Also it healeth burnings and scaldings without any scar. And further it cureth the wind-chollick drunk with sack: the dose is to be ℥ i. without ••ear: but I give usually but one dram or ʒ ii.

Vnguentum de Mercurio.

I Have else-where said, and it is too much apparent, that for healing and killing, Mercury hath no fellow; and where I recite Mercury in any of my instructions, you must understand me Quick-silver, for so it is truly stiled by the Learned, and not without good reason. This Unguent, joyne with it what other ingredients you please, yet if Mer∣cury be one, it will shew his valour in despight of the rest, though it have 20. for one odds against it; so puissant is that volatile and excel∣lent spirit of his, which (I may boldly say) could truly never be tamed: and yet many worthy medicines are made thereof, which in their several places I mean to explain as I shall have time, God willing. You may make this Unguent of Dialthea, oleum Laurini. ana lib. ss. Mercurius vivus, or quick-silver ℥ ii. oleum spice or Tereb. If you have them, ana ℥ ss.

and if you see cause in very cold bodies you may add of Euphorbium in powder ʒ ii. This unguent is good to provoke a flux. You may make it of one of these unguents alone for need. But I wish not the Surgeon to car∣ry any of this unguent ready made to the East-Indies; for the Quicksilver (it is to be feared) will fall to the bottome: but if he will needs have it ready made, let him add to the composition, wax, a sufficient quan∣tity; but it must be made as followeth. The wax and unguent must be melted together, which being yet warm, ℞ Terebinthinae clarae ℥ i. being put into the bottome of the woodden bowle, or brasse bason, not a pewter bason; and stirring it so long till all the Quick-silver be clean lost, and turned into a blew salve, no more to be seen; then by little and little mix it with the former, and being almost coagulated (I mean al∣most clean cold, neither liquid through heat, nor altogether cold) work the Terebinthinae with the Mercury altogether strongly till it be cold. You must use it cold, and neither let the Patient himself chafe it in till it be warm, or (which is better) let the Patient stand before the fire and chafe it in. But note, he which anointeth other therewith, if he use it too often, let him put a bladder on his hands; for the often use thereof causeth many evils. This unguent hath as many vertues as vices, and as many vices as vertues: a whole week may be easily spent, with good profit to the Reader, in waiting of Mercury: I heartily wish some learned and worthy man would take in hand truly to anatomize that subject: I am perswaded, yea, and know well, he might thereby save the lives of many an innocent soul, who with great infamy perish through the inordinate use of this unguent; notwithstanding the medicine is good. But I refer the Surgeons Mate, for the use of this unguent, to Mr. Clowes his book of Surgery.

But concerning the ordinary uses thereof, if you anoint the joynts therewith, it killeth the itch; but if you anoint too plentifully it provo∣keth a flux, sometimes upward, sometimes downward. If you anoint the seams of his shirt which is lowsie therewith, it driveth away all the lice: the same it doth to the lice of the eye-browes and secret parts, where∣with many are troubled. Also for the pils it is a very good medicine; I use it in that case, first to purge the Patient, and after to anoint him with Vnguentum album, wherein Quick-silver is mixed; namely, of the un∣guentum ℥ i. of Mercury ʒ i. misce, and anoint therewith daily three times, and keep the place very warm.

Linamentum Arcei.

I Cannot but reverence the Author of this precious plain Linament; whose desert is highly to be esteemed of by the Commonwealth: for it is as sufficient a Balm for new wounds, especially in the head, as that a better can scarce be found out by art. It doth all the intentions of heal∣ing a wound in the head meerly of it self, the flux being stayed: For it digesteth, mundifieth, incarneth, and cicatrizeth, it defendeth from accidents, and is very anodine: it may also fitly be applyed to pain∣full ulcers and fistula's upon occasion. The Author or manifester

of this Linament was Franciscus Arceus, as is manifest by a small trea∣tise of his, translated by Mr. John Read a Surgeon: It is of temperament hot and moist.

Vnguentum Aragon.

THis unguent is numbred amongst the four hot unguents. It profi∣teth generally against all cold affects of the outward parts of the body: it much warmeth and comforreth the sinewes: it is good against convulsions and cramps: it is good to anoint the ridg-bone of the back, and the parts near the kidnies against the pains thereof: and also to anoint the stomack and belly upon any cold grief: it is good to anoint the body of them which have the quartane fever, the falling sick∣nesse, the pains of the joynts: and also it is good to be used as a Morbus ointment (according to the common phrase) adding the due quantity of Mercury thereto; which I account to be of Quick-silver ℥ii. to the un∣guent lib. i. But I find it will not retain his vertues above one year, as witnesseth Johannes Jacobus Weckerus: wherefore I forbear this compo∣sition in the Surgeons Chest.

Vnguentum Martiatum.

THis unguent, as it is composed of many ingredients, so it is said to be effectual for many griefs: for (saith the Author) it discusseth cold causes in the head, sinewes, and joynts: it removeth pain from the breast and stomack proceeding from colds: it prevaileth aganst convulsions: it helpeth the resolution of the sinewes, dead palsie, and them that are troubled with the Sciatica or hip-gout, the gout in the hands, feet, and other joynts of the body: it mollifieth hard puscles and tumors in the flesh: it asswageth the hard swellings of the liver and spleen; easeth the pain in the small guts; it cureth the ach in the reins. It hath his name (as Salaritanus saith) of Martianus; or as Ma••lius (which is more probable) saith, of Martiatus, a most skilful Physician, supposed to be the inventer thereof: and it is described in the Dispensatory by Nico∣laus Alexandrinus; who also describeth the vertues thereof, in effect as is here set down.

Axungia Porcina.

IT is called Axungia, of anointing the Axle-tree, to make the wheeles turn easier about, for which cause many use it to this day. It is liquid, flowing like oyl with warmeth: it hath a lenifying and anodine quality, and therefore it is not unprofitably used for mitigation of sharp humours, asswaging of pain, healing of burnings with fire, and very fitly mixed with Cataplasmes appointed for those effects.

Axungia Cervi.

THis Axungia is of a hot nature, doth asswage aches, resolveth and mollifieth hard tumours in any part of the body. And by experience

is found very good, administred in Glisters, to heal the excoriations of the Intestinum rectum; for it is anodine and very sanative. The manner to use it, is somewhat touched in some other my instructions elsewhere.

Mel simplex.

ENglish honey being yellow, the favour and odour pleasant, sharpe, pure, sincere, clear, fast or stiffe, yeelding little spume in decocting, is good and very profitable for those that are costive, also for the stomack if one drink it with water: it helpeth the bladder and reins: it is good for the eyes: mundifieth, openeth, and healeth. As for burnings and scaldings, it cureth them without scar, and is very good to heal ulcers of the ears; and (saith Dioscorides) drunk with water is wholesome for the belly and stomack (it helpeth such as are pained in the kidnies and bladder. It is also good to anoint the eyes with, to clear the dimnesse of sight in them: it hath an abstergent or cleansing force: it openeth the mouthes of veins, whereby it also draweth out fordid matter or qui••∣tur from fetide ulcers. But the best honey of all other, is that which is gathered in Lituania, a Province of Polonia. where the Bees breed onely in high trees, and gather their honey from a certain flower growing on trees, called in Latine Flos Tiliae or Tili, in the Germane tongue Lind••n holt. This honey is white, hard, and very fragant or odoriferous.