The ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the county of Warwick Esq, fellow of the Royal Society in three books : wherein all the birds hitherto known, being reduced into a method sutable to their natures, are accurately described : the descriptions illustrated by most elegant figures, nearly resembling the live birds, engraven in LXXVII copper plates : translated into English, and enlarged with many additions throughout the whole work : to which are added, Three considerable discourses, I. of the art of fowling, with a description of several nets in two large copper plates, II. of the ordering of singing birds, III. of falconry / by John Ray ...

CHAP. III. Of the Pie-kind.

§. I. The Magpie or Pianet. Pica varia caudata.

IT weighs eight or nine ounces. Its length from the tip of the Bill to the Claws * 1.1 is twelve inches and an half, to the end of the Tail eighteen. The Bill about an inch and half long, black, thick, and strong, the upper Chap being somewhat crooked and sharp-pointed; the Tongue cloven at the end, and blackish, like to that * 1.2 of a Jay. The sides of the fissure of the Palate rough with hair-like excrescencies. The Nosthrils round, and beset with reflected bristly hairs. Excepting the whiteness * 1.3 of the Breast and Wings, and the length of the Tail, this Bird is very like the Jack∣daw. * 1.4 The Irides of the Eyes are of a pale Hazel colour. In the nictating membranes is seen a yellow spot.

The Head, Neck, Throat, Back, Rump, and lower Belly are of a black colour; * 1.5 the lower part of the Back near the Rump is more dilute, and inclining to cinereous. The Breast and sides are white, as also the first joynt of the Wing. The Wings are smaller than the bigness of the body would seem to require. The Tail and prime feathers of the Wings glister with very beautiful colours (but obscure) of green, purple and blue mingled, only in the exteriour Vanes. The number of beam feathers * 1.6 is twenty; of which the outmost is shorter by half than the second; the second also shorter than the third, and that than the fourth, but not by an equal defect; the fourth and fifth are the longest of all. The eleven foremost about their middle part, on the inside of the shaft are white, the white part from the extreme feather gra∣dually decreasing, till in the tenth it be contracted into a great spot only.

The Tail is made up of twelve feathers, of which the two middlemost are the * 1.7 longest, being by measure eight and an half or nine inches; the next to them above an

inch shorter, and of the rest the exteriour than the interiour in like proportion. The greatest and longest, that is the middle feathers of the Tail, have their bottoms green, their middles blue, and their tops purple.

The Feet and Claws are black: The lowest bone of the outmost fore-Toe is joyned * 1.8 to that of the middle.

The length of the Guts was twenty four inches, of the blind Guts half an inch. It * 1.9 hath a Gall-bladder, and a long Spleen: The Stomach not very fleshy, and having its Echinus.

There are sometimes found of this kind all over white, but rarely. In the King's * 1.10 Aviary in St. James's Park we saw brown or reddish ones.

This Bird is easily taught to speak, and that very plainly. We our selves have known many, which had learned to imitate mans voice, and speak articulately with * 1.11 that exactness, that they would pronounce whole Sentences together so like to hu∣mane Speech, that had you not seen the Birds you would have sworn it had been man that spoke.

They build their Nests in Trees with that Art and cunning as is admirable, fencing them round on the outside both above and below with sharp thorns, leaving only one * 1.12 hole, and that a very narrow one, for themselves to pass in and out. He that desires an exact description of the Nest let him consult Aldrovandus: With us in England they are so common every where, that we thought it not needful to insist longer on the describing of them. It lays five or six, and sometimes seven Eggs at once, seldom * 1.13 more; greater and paler than Crows Eggs, and very thick spotted with black.

Its Food is the same with that of the Jackdaw. Its sets upon, kills, and devours Sparrows, and other small birds: Yea, we have sometimes seen a Magpie strike at a Blackbird.

§. II. The Brasilian Pie of Aldrovandus, lib. 12. cap. 19. The Toucan of Marggrav. and others, The Xochitenacatl of the Mexicans, Nieremb.

IT is of a middle size between a Pie and a Blackbird. Thevetus reports, that the * 1.14 Bill is thicker and longer than almost the whole body besides. The Bill is near two Palms long, and one broad, being measured from the beginning of the lower Chap to the end of the upper. The lower Chap where it is thickest, viz. near the Eyes, is twice as little as the upper, and near the end, where it is crooked, thrice. It is of a very thin substance like Parchment, but bony, shining, very light, hollow, and inwardly capable of a great deal of Air: For which reason I think, contrary to the manner of other Birds, its wants Nosthrils: The Bill being so thin that the Air * 1.15 can easily penetrate it. And if Nature had made any aperture in it, it would have rendred it obnoxious to fracture. Hence also perchance it is, that she hath furnished it with certain teeth, so disposed that the Bill cannot be shut exactly close, but easily admits the ingress of the Air. The Bill, I say, is serrate, and as it were composed of certain little scales, which may easily by the fingers be plucked off, [or asunder.] The colour of the Bill is yellowish, more in the lower than the upper part [inwardly it is of a pleasant red] toward the end (saith Nierembergius) of a Scarlet colour. The Head in proportion to the body is great and thick, as is sutable and requisite to sustain * 1.16 a Bill of that length and bigness; black; yet the Crown, whole Back, and Wings shew something of whiteness. The Eyes are great, placed in the middle of the Head: * 1.17 The Pupil very black, encompassed with a white circle, and that again with a yellow. The Neck, Back, and Wings are black. The Breast shines with a most bright and * 1.18 lovely Gold or Saffron colour, with a certain redness near the beginning; the Belly and Thighs with a most beautiful Vermilion. The Tail again is black, but in the end of a notable red.

It is made so tame, as to sit and hatch its Young in Houses. Thevetus reports, that this bird feeds upon Pepper, which it most greedily devours, gorging it self there∣with, * 1.19 so that it voids it again crude and unconcocted; and that the Natives make use especially of that Pepper, preferring it before that which is fresh gathered from the * 1.20 Plant, because they persuade themselves that the strength and heat of the Pepper is qualified and allayed by the Bird, so that afterwards it is less noxious. All this out of Aldrovandus. Faber suspects the story of the Pepper, because his American friends, whom he consulted about this Bird, made no mention of any such thing. I suspect

that the Toes in this Bird are disposed after the manner of the Woodpeckers, viz. two forwards, and two backwards. For such is the conformation of the Feet of the Aracari of Marggrave, a bird near of kin, and very like to this. And Thevetus in his figure expresses only two foretoes.

Since the writing of this, hapning to read in John Faber his Expositions of some Pictures of New-Spain Animals of Recchas, I found there mentioned a bird of this sort seen and described by Carlo Antonio dal Pozzo at Fontain-bleau in France, with its Toes so disposed as I imagined, viz. two forwards two backwards, as in Wood∣peckers, to the genus whereof the Toucan, as Faber in this place proves, doth un∣doubtedly belong. For it not only hath a like situation of Toes, but also in like man∣ner hews holes in trees to build its Nest in, as Frier Peter Alvaysa, and other Indians and Spaniards, who had long lived in America, told Faber for a certain truth; and Ovie∣dus, in the forty third Chapter of his Summary of the History of the West Indies published in Italian, writes; adding, that he thinks there is no bird secures her young ones better from the Monkeys, which are very noisom to the Young of most Birds. For when she perceives the approach of those Enemies, she so settles her self in her Nest as to put her Bill out at the hole, and gives the Monkeys such a welcom there∣with, that they presently pack away, and glad they scape so. From this quality of boring trees this Bird is by the Spaniards called Carpintero, and by the Brasilians Taca∣taca, in imitation I suppose of the sound it makes.

Because the Bird exactly described by Dal Pozzo, seems to be specifically different from that of Aldrovandus, I shall here add his description.

It was (saith he) a little bigger than the common Magpie. [Lerius maketh it of the bigness of a Dove; Oviedo, not bigger, or but little bigger than a Quail.] Its Bill, which is very broad, had its upper part [or Chap] whereit grew to the Head, tinctu∣red with green, a line of green being also thence produced to the point; but its lower Chap at its setting on to the Head a blue colour. All the rest of the Bill was of a dark red, like Serpentine wood, with many intercurrent black spots and lines. N. B. Its Bill was empty and hollow, and upon that account very light [Oviedo makes it very heavy, and to weigh more than the whole body besides, which is cer∣tainly a mistake] so that it had little strength in it, neither could the bird peck or strike smartly with it. Its inside was of a Saffron-colour, but blue toward the tip.

It had a very flat thin Tongue, not much unlike those long feathers on the Neck of a Dunghil-Cock: This it moved up and down, and stretcht out to the length of the Bill. It was of a true flesh-colour, and which you would wonder at, fringed, as it were, on each side with very small filaments, which made it shew like a true feather. [This Oviedus also confirms.]

Its feathers on the Neck down to the middle of the Breast were whitish, termi∣nating in a sooty colour; on the Head and Back blackish. Round the Eyes was a space bare of feathers, but curled with hair, of a Violet-colour, as is seen also in Par∣rots. The rest of the body was covered with feathers of a Weasel-colour [mustelini coloris.] It had no Tail, [having been, I suppose, plucked off] but one ready to come; the beginning whereof consisted of feathers of a dark white, particoloured with black, weasel, and Vermilion colour. It also frequently flirted up that rudiment of a Tail, as Wrens and Wagtails are wont to do.

Each foot was divided into two Toes standing forward, and two backward; above of a Violet-colour, underneath of an ash or grey.

It often hopped and leapt up and down, and cried with a voice not unlike the chat∣tering of a Magpie.

It fed upon almost all the same things that Parrots do, but was most greedy of Grapes, which being pluckt off one by one, and tossed to it, it would most dextrous∣ly catch in the Air before they fell to the ground. The flesh of the whole body was of a deep Violet colour.

Faber doth not undeservedly enquire how, seeing the Bill is so light and thin, the Bird can pierce trees with it? Which difficulty he thus satisfies; that though it be thin and light, yet is it of a bony substance, and therefore it is not to be wondred at that, dextrously used by the living Animal, it should therewith by many repeated strokes pierce a tree, having perchance the instinct to chuse a rotten one, as we see drops of rain wear holes in Flints, nay, the very feet of Pismires walking often over them, as Pliny observes, make impressions on them. * 1.21 Lerius writes, that this Bird is of the colour of a Raven except the Breast, which is of a Saffron-co∣lour, compassed beneath with a line of Vermilion; the skin of which part pluckt

off the Indians dry, and use for an ornament of their Cheeks, gluing it on with Wax.

This same Bird is described by * 1.22 John de Laet, out of a Portugues Author, and out of the same by * 1.23 Marggrave. It is of the bigness (saith he) of a Pie or Dove, hath a Crop under the Breast three or four inches broad, of a Saffron-colour, and com∣passed about the borders with Vermilion feathers. The Breast is yellow, the rest of the body black. One would wonder how so little a bird could carry so great a Bill, but it is exceeding light, and very tender.

We have seen in several Cabinets the Bill of this Bird, and our selves have also one of them.

§. III. The Jay. Pica glandaria.

IT weighed seven ounces. Its length from the point of the Bill to the end of the * 1.24 Tail was fourteen inches; to the end of the Feet but twelve and an half: The distance between the extremities of the Wings spread twenty one and an half. The Bill black, strong, from the tip to the Angles of the mouth about or near an inch and * 1.25 half long: The Tongue black, thin, pellucid, and cloven at the tip: The Irides of * 1.26 the Eyes white. The feathers of the Head and Body in this bird are taller, slenderer, and stand more staring or erect than ordinary. Near the lower Chap of the Bill are two black spots, on each side one: The Chin and lower part of the Belly whitish: Else the Breast and Belly are of a colour mixt of cinereous and red. The Rump above is white: The Back red, with a certain mixture of blue: The feathers on the crown of the Head variegated with black and white.

The Sails of the Wings are in number twenty: Of which the first is shorter by half * 1.27 than the second: The fourth the longest, being by measure six inches and a quarter. As for their colours, the first or outmost is black, the bottom or lower part being white, which is proper to it alone: The six next-following have their exteriour Vanes of an ash-colour; the three next likewise, but more obscure and mingled with blue, being also marked toward their bottoms with transverse black and white strokes. The five succeeding have their exteriour Vanes half white, half black, viz. the lower half white, the upper black, but so that each extremity of the white is terminated with blue. The sixteenth in place of the white of the four precedent hath trans∣verse blue, black, and white spots: The seventeenth is black, having one or two blue spots: The eighteenth is black, with some little red: The nineteenth red, with the tip black. The undersides of all the feathers of the Wing are of a dark or dusky colour. The covert-feathers of the fifteen exteriour Sails are very beautiful, being variegated or chequered with black, white, and lovely shining blue lines: The rest of the covert-feathers being black.

The Tail is six inches and a quarter long, consisting of twelve feathers, wholly * 1.28 black, except toward their roots: Under the Rump there is something of blue ming∣led with cinereous.

The Feet and Toes are of a ferrugineous, dusky colour. The middle Toe is the * 1.29 longest, the outmost is equal to the back-toe. The lower internodium of the outmost Toe is joyned to the middlemost. The back Claw is greatest.

The Eggs are cinereous, with darker spots scarce appearing. The Guts twenty * 1.30 four inches long; the blind Guts but half an inch. It hath a Gall, and a long Spleen: The Stomach or Gizzard not very fleshy, and having its Echinus: Wherein we found * 1.31 Acorns, &c. Yet it feeds not only on Acorns, (whence it got the name of Pica glan∣daria) * 1.32 but also upon Cherries (of which it is very greedy) Goose-berries, Rasps, and other fruit.

It differs from that described by Aldrovandus, in that it hath no transverse spots in * 1.33 the Tail.

The Female differs little or nothing from the Male either in bigness or colour, so that it is very difficult to know them asunder.

It learns to imitate mans voice, and speak articulately as well as a Jackdaw. * 1.34

§. IV. The Roller, Garrulus Argentoratensis.

THe bird we described was a Cock, and weighed six ounces. Its length from * 1.35 the tip of the Bill to the Claws eleven inches and an half, to the end of the Tail thirteen and an half: The breadth or distance between the tips of the Wings spread twenty six inches.

The Bill was black, sharp, something hooked, otherwise like to that of a Jay, from * 1.36 the point to the Angles of the mouth 1 ⅝ inches long. The Irides of the Eyes were of a pale hazel-colour. Near the Eyes, toward the hinder part of the Head, were * 1.37 two bunches, as it were Warts, void of feathers. The Tongue black as in Jays, jagged or torn, but not cloven: The roof of the mouth green, and having a double cleft or fissure. The bottom of the Palate is rugged or rough with little bunches. At the Base of the Tongue there is only a little forked excrescency on each side. The circumfe∣rence of the Eyes is bare or void of feathers. * 1.38

The Rump and lesser rows of covert feathers of the Wings are of a lovely blue or ultramarine colour (as the Painters call it.) The middle of the Back between the shoulders red: The Head of a sordid green, mingled with blue; of which colour is also the Throat, with white lines in the middle of each feather. The Breast and Belly are of a pale blue, like those of a Pigeon.

The number of Sails in each Wing is twenty, of which the first, second, and third * 1.39 are equal, and from the tenth all the rest. Almost all of them have their lower half blue, and the upper black. The foremost are black almost down to the bottom, only in their exteriour Webs they have a mixture of blue. The covert feathers of the Wings are of a pale blue, of which colour also, but paler are those that invest the underside of the Wing.

The Tail consists of twelve feathers, of which the ten intermediate are equal, each * 1.40 being four inches three quarters long: The two extreme longer than the rest by three quarters of an inch. The two middlemost are of a dark ash-colour, the next to them have their tips of a bluish white, which colour gradually increases in the rest, till in the outmost it takes up half the feather. Below the white the interiour webs of the feathers are black, and the exteriour blue: The tips of the outmost feathers are black. The tail-feathers and sails of the Wings where ever they are blackish above, are blue underneath. The outmost feather of the * 1.41 Ala notha is black, the rest blue.

The Feet are short, and like those of a Dove, of a dirty yellow colour: The * 1.42 middle Toe the longest, next to that the outmost fore-toe. The Claw of the mid∣dle Toe in the inner side is edged. The Claws are black; and the Toes divided to the bottom.

The Stomach within was of a Saffron colour, and therein we found a large Grass∣hopper: * 1.43 The Guts thirteen inches and an half long; the blind Guts two and an half.

We found of these Birds not only in Germany, but also in the Isles of Sicily and * 1.44 Malta, to be sold in the Markets, and in the Poulterers shops.

There are many singular and characteristic marks in this bird; as 1. The knobs or wart-like bunches under the eyes. 2. The figure of the Tail, the outmost feather on each side being longer than the rest. 3. The Toes divided down to the bottom. 4. The Tongue having only two forked Appendices.

* Gesners blue Crow; the same I suspect with the precedent.

The blue Crow, whose figure Jo. Kentmannus, sent to Gesner, but the History thereof George Fabricius out of Misnia; is a wild bird, and not easie to be tamed; called by the Misnians, * 1.45 Ein wild Holtzkrae, of others, Galgen-regell, or Halck-regel. It is found beyond the River Elb, in the Luchovian Forest, and in the neighbouring Woods: It haunts and abides in desart and unfrequented places. Some from the colour call it Ein Tentschen Pappagey, that is, The German Parrot. It is transported into Forein Countries for no other commendation but the colour. So far George Fabri∣cius. The Bill (as the Picture shews) is black: The Legs dusky, and for the propor∣tion of the body small. It is here and there all over the body, viz. on the Head,

Wings, Tail, about the Rump, and all the underside of a shining blue colour, in some places more sincere, in some mixt with green. The colour of the Back and upper side of the Neck is dusky: The greater feathers of the Wings black. I am verily per∣swaded, that this bird is no other than the Strasburgh Roller.

§. V. * The Sea-Pie. Pica Marina.

ALdrovandus in the twelfth Book and fifteenth Chapter of his Ornithology doth thus briefly describe this bird. The whole Bird, excepting the Head, Neck, Feet, and also part of the Wings, is of a greenish colour. The Bill is strong, a little longer than a Pies, very sharp. The top of the Head, and down as low as a third part of the Neck, is of a delayed Chesnut colour. The lower part of the Head to the Tem∣ples and Eyes yellow. The Eyes black, with yellow Irides, encompassed again with a black circle. The Feet dusky; the Toes long; the Nails very crooked and black: The rest of the body green, except the second row of Wing-feathers, which are of a dilute Chesnut, having their ends blue.

Whether he himself saw this Bird, or described it from a picture, he tells us not: But in that he affirms, that the Strasburg Roller never lives in maritime places, and so with∣out reason challenges the name of the Sea-pie, which the Bolognese (as Gesner witnes∣seth) attribute to it, he is without doubt deceived: Sith we our selves (as we said before) saw at Messina in Sicily, and in the Isle of Malta several of them.

§. VI. * The Persian Pie. Aldrovandus.

THe bird which Aldrovandus calls by this name, and describes from a Picture, sent him from Venice, hath a strong, thick, short, whitish Bill: Also white Eyes with a black Pupil. The second row of Wing-feathers, the Rump, and foremost fea∣thers in the Tail are yellow. The Feet are bluish with black tabulary scales: The Claws small, but crooked and black: Else it is all over of a dusky colour. Besides these Dr. Charleton in his Onomasticon Zoicon, p. 68. mentions another sort of Pie, viz. * 1.46 The Indian Mock-bird, not much unlike the Jay, but somewhat smaller. We have not as yet had the hap to see this bird: Nor is there any thing written of it by others, that we know of.

§. VII. Caryocatactes, Gesn. and Turn.

IT weighed five ounces three quarters. Its length from the Bill to the end of the Toes was thirteen inches and an half, to the end of the Tail the same. The breadth between the tips of the Wings spread twenty two inches and an half.

The Bill from the tip to the corners of the mouth is almost two inches long, black, strong, and like that of a Pie, save that it is not sharp pointed, but blunt at the end, and the upper Mandible a little prominent. The Tongue is short, scarce reaching be∣yond the Angle of the lower Mandible, cloven with a deeper incision than in any other Bird I have observed. In the lower Chap from the Angle is a wrinkle exactly equal to the fissure or cleft of the Tongue; so that the Tongue seems never to ex∣tend further, the wrinkle filling up the fissure. The bottom of the Palate and sides of the fissure therein are rough. The Irides of the Eyes are of a hazel colour: The Nosthrils round, and covered with whitish, bristly, reflected feathers.

The whole body, as well lower as upper side, is of a dusky red; all over, except the Head, beautified with triangular white spots in the tops of the feathers; these spots on the Breast are greater than elsewhere. The Head is not spotted at all. The upper side of the body partakes more of red. Between the Eyes and Bill it is white. The feathers under the Tail, beyond the vent are milk-white.

The sails in each Wing are about twenty, of a black or dark colour, the Tail-feathers twelve, all of equal length, being by measure four inches three quarters, ex∣cept the outmost on each side, which are a little shorter. And for their colours, the

outmost on each side are three quarters white, and from them the white part is gra∣dually less and less in the succeeding feathers to the middlemost, in which it doth wholly disappear: The rest of the Tail-feathers is of a shining black.

The Feet and Claws are black: The outmost Toe, as in the rest of this kind, is joyned to the middlemost at the bottom.

It hath a Gall; its Guts were eighteen inches long: The blind Guts half an inch: The Testicles small. It feeds on Nuts, &c. It hath a note or voice something like a Magpie.

We found this Bird in the Mountainous part of Austria, near the way leading from Vienna to Venice, not far from a great Village called Schadwyen, where there is a very steep, difficult, and craggy ascent up the neighbouring Mountains whereupon there stand always ready there certain Yokes of Oxen, to draw the Coaches or Waggons of such as travel that way up the craggy Cliffs and Rocks, which Horses could not at all, or with great difficulty climb and struggle through, drawing a Coach after them.

§. VII. * The Bohemian Chatterer. Garrulus Bohemicus, * 1.47 Aldrov. eidem Ampelis.

IT is almost as big as a Blackbird, but bigger than the * 1.48 Hawfinch. Its length from Bill∣point to Tail-end nine inches: Its breadth, viz. the Wings being spread, four Palms. Whence it is manifest, that Gesner is mistaken, in that he writes that for shape, and size of body, and colours it approaches to the common Garrulus. Its Bill is of a deep black, of the bigness of a House-Sparrows. Gesners figure represents it too long, and too crooked. The Nosthrils are encompassed with hairs of the same colour, which make, as it were, a transverse black spot: In which are included the Eyes, that are round, and of a most beautiful colour, to wit, Vermilion; resembling that of the Chalce∣donian Carbuncle, commonly called the Granate: Which perchance gave occasion to some to believe that they shine in the Night. Its Head is after a sort compressed, be∣ing by Gesner represented too round; of a Chesnut or ferrugineous colour, adorned with a crest or tuft, bending backward, after the manner of the crested Lark. The colour of the Crest toward the Bill is a delayed Chesnut, but backward cinereous, inclining to dusky, not unlike to the colour of * 1.49 Umber. The Neck is short, black in the fore and hind part, red on the sides, near the Bill white. The Breast is of a chesnut or ferrugineous colour, but dilute and inclining to rosie. The whole Belly is ash-coloured, except towards the vent, where are some white feathers, whose roots or lower parts, v. g. from the middle to the flesh, are black, and softer than their upper parts. The Back inclines to a chesnut or bay, but toward the Rump it is cinereous or dun. The outer feathers of the Wings are black, the inner ash-coloured, but declining to black. The outer Wing-feathers are marked with spots very pleasant to behold: Some of these feathers, viz. the first, seven in num∣ber, are white, their Appendices being red like to Cinnabar or Vermilion. Gesner was told by a certain person, I know not who, but untruly, that these feathers were horny [I suppose he meant their shafts] Yet are they pretty hard and solid, long, and after a sort Cartilagineous. To these succeed other feathers adorned in like manner with spots, but of a pale yellow, resembling in some measure the figure of the Let∣ter L: Which are so disposed, that in some feathers appear seven, in some six, and in some but five only. Again, the last feathers have white spots, which by how much they are situate nearer the outside, by so much do they become less conspicuous; so that of the last feathers of all sometimes three, sometimes two, and sometimes only one is so spotted. The covert feathers are also tipt with white. Concerning the yel∣low spots it is to be noted, that in the Females they are white, and that over against them are to be found other white spots. I have learned by inspection, that the Tail of the Cock consists of ten feathers only, the Tail of the Hen of twelve; which near their roots are of a dark cinereous or Mouse dun, but above are black. The end of the whole Tail is yellow, but more resplendent in the Male than in the Female. Near the vent are some other feathers of a Chesnut-colour, making as it were ano∣ther Tail, but far less. The colour of the Legs is dusky, inclining to blue. The shape and bigness of the Feet answer to those of a * 1.50 Hawfinch: The colour differs, being black in the Garrulus, flesh or rose-coloured in the Hawfinch, It hath black and crooked Claws.

See the description of the Entrails and Bowels in Aldrovandus. This Bird is said to be peculiar to Bohemia. It feeds upon Fruit, especially Grapes, of which it is very greedy. Wherefore it seems to me, not without reason, to be called by that name [Ampelis.] It is a Bird of a very hot temperament, and exceedingly voracious: flies in compa∣nies, and is easily tamed. What else Aldrovandus hath of its disposition and man∣ners, food, flight, use, &c. See in his Ornithology. It is wonderful, and to me scarce credible, what he saith he learned by * 1.51 ocular experience, to wit, that the Tail of the Cock is made up of ten feathers, the Tail of the Hen of twelve.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Its weight and measures. Its Bill,
• * 1.2

  Tongue,
• * 1.3

  Nosthrils.
• * 1.4

  It is like the Jackdaw.
• * 1.5

  The colour of its feathers.
• * 1.6

  The Wing-feathers.
• * 1.7

  The Tail.
• * 1.8

  Its Feet.
• * 1.9

  Entrails.
• * 1.10

  It varies sometimes in colour.
• * 1.11

  They may be taught to speak.
• * 1.12

  Its Nest.
• * 1.13

  Its Eggs.
• * 1.14

  Its bigness. Bill,
• * 1.15

  It want; No∣sthrils.
• * 1.16

  Its Head.
• * 1.17

  Eyes.
• * 1.18

  Colour.
• * 1.19

  Its food Pep∣per.
• * 1.20

  This story Faber discre∣dits because none of his American friends spake a word of it.
• * 1.21

  Chap 10. of his Voyage into Brasil.
• * 1.22

  Americae de∣script. lib. 15. cap. 7.
• * 1.23

  Hist. rerum naetur. Brasiliae, lib. 5. c. 15.
• * 1.24

  Its weight and measures.
• * 1.25

  Bill,
• * 1.26

  Tongue, Eyes, Feathers, Colour.
• * 1.27

  Wing-fea∣thers.
• * 1.28

  Its Tail.
• * 1.29

  Feet and Toes.
• * 1.30

  Eggs, Guts.
• * 1.31

  Gizzard.
• * 1.32

  Its Food.
• * 1.33

  How it differs from Aldro∣vands Jay.
• * 1.34

  It learns to speak.
• * 1.35

  Its weight and measures,
• * 1.36

  Bill, Eyes.
• * 1.37

  Bare Wart∣like bunches. Tongue, Palate.
• * 1.38

  Skin about the Eyes bare. Its Colours.
• * 1.39

  Wing-fea∣thers.
• * 1.40

  Tail.
• * 1.41

  Bastard-Wing.
• * 1.42

  Feet, Toes, and Claws.
• * 1.43

  Gizzard and Guts.
• * 1.44

  Its place,
• * 1.45

  That is, a wild Wood Crow.
• * 1.46

  Mimus sive Picus Garrulus Iudicus.
• * 1.47

  Lib. 12. cap. 17.
• * 1.48

  Coccothran∣stes.
• * 1.49

  A kind of earth called Terra Umbria, used by Pain∣ters.
• * 1.50

  Coccothran∣stles.
• * 1.51

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.