Dr. Willis's practice of physick being the whole works of that renowned and famous physician wherein most of the diseases belonging to the body of man are treated of, with excellent methods and receipts for the cure of the same : fitted to the meanest capacity by an index for the explaining of all the hard and unusual words and terms of art derived from the Greek, Latine, or other languages for the benefit of the English reader : with forty copper plates.

SECT. V. (Book 5)

CHAP. I. Of Sweating and Medicins that cause evacuation thereby.

FOr the nourishment of the Bodies of Animals, their food is taken in onely one way, that is through the mouth; but provident Nature hath made many outlets * 1.1 or ways for evacuations, through which the baser parts of the nourishment or any disa∣greeable particles, whether they come from without, or are generated within, are thrown forth. Indeed it was convenient that all the food should enter at the same door; to wit, that it might be sufficiently distinguished and examined; for if there were many, or Back-doors that opened inward, there might poisons easily creep in * 1.2 with the meat. Now, if against the intention of this single avenew, any hostile mat∣ter gets in, or through the failure of good management within, be ingendered there, this cannot •…•…e hid in any retiring room or corner, but that there are in that same place some loop-holes open for the discharging of it. For if any heterogeneous matter lodgeth in the first passages, it is voided by Vomits or Purging; but if it go further and mingle with the bloud or nervous liquor, or stick to the solid parts, it is imme∣diately thrown out by Transpiration, and Sweat, or by Urin. Again, If Nature, as being slothful, or hindered, doth not carry off extraneous things of its own accord, or quickly, or in sufficient quantity by these ways, then Physick supplies us with Remedies * 1.3 very necessary, to supply the defect or faults that are in the manner of evacuation or passages whereby it is, or ought to be performed. As therefore I have treated very largely in the former Chapters concerning Vomiting, Purging, and Pissing, and shewn by what dispositions of the Humours, Spirits, and Bowels, Medicins designed for those ends produce their operations; so now in the next place I must explain to you, how and by what Medicins extraordinary Sweating, if there be at any time oc∣casion for it, is usually provoked. Now for the better explication hereof, I must first declare to you what is the matter and true nature of Sweat, and in what, and how many manners Sweating oftentimes happeneth without Physick, through external ac∣cidents, or the inward commotions of the Humours or Spirits.

In Sweating, quite contrary to what it is in purging, the motion of evacuation tends from the first passages, and as it were the center of the body to the circumference; and * 1.4 in both these cases the Arteries carry more to the places of evacuation than the veins bring back, whilest in the mean time from places that are opposite to them, the veins bring back more than the Arteries carried thither. In a Purge, there is a greater bur∣don imposed upon the splanchnical or bowel Arteries and Veins too, that relate to the habit of the body: but it is quite contrary in Sweating; for in this case whilest the Arteries carry the matter more than usually toward the outside of the body, the mesa∣raick veins carry away a greater quantity from the Bowels made for concoction, than the Arteries brought thither. So likewise in the other evacuation, whilest the splanch∣nical Arteries pour more than ordinary into the bowels, the outward veins bring back more from the habit of the body than the Arteries leave there. Wherefore as both these evacuations are caused several ways, so, not least of all in this manner; to wit, whilest the Arteries that belong either to the Bowels, or to the habit of the body, are put upon more rapid motions than ordinary, a greater load of Humours will be thrust into the Veins that are of the opposite side. How sweating Medicins perform both these intentions I shall tell you by and by. In the mean while concerning Sweating in general, I shall observe, that Sweating, in respect of perspiration, is just like a Lask in respect to the natural and ordinary way of evacuation; that is, it is onely a more swift and a stronger kind of perspiration. For whenever the bloud boyling up more than ordinary, and being as it were put into a flame, doth more copiously emit or send forth its hot particles, those particles conveying along with them certain parts of the Serum cause Sweat.

The matter of Sweat may be called either Elementary or Humoral; and as to the * 1.5 former, that as well as Urin consists of a moderate spirit, salt and sulphur, a great quantity of serum, and a little earth. And that it is so, is easily gathered from the loss * 1.6 of spirits in sweating, the watery substance of this Excrement, the salt taste, unctuous∣ness

and feculency thereof. For whilest the bloud (in order to prolong the life of Animals) is continually kindled in the Lungs; and then breaking forth, as it were, into a flame, is hurried out of the heart through the Arteries into all parts certain subtile particles, that is to say, spirituous and sulphureous ones, as being most apt to fly away, do in great plenty depart out of the liquor thereof, when rarefied and kindled; which particles flowing through the pores of the body, carry along with them many small por∣tions of the Serum, and some also of the other Humours at the same time. Now if these kind of effluvia or emanations are few, they fly away insensibly, and exhaling mode∣rately, vanish into the Air, so as that you can hardly perceive them; but if they are more numerous and break forth in great quantity, they are condensed or thickned into water, whilest they scarce pass through the pores of the skin, just as when vapours sent forth from boyling water, moisten the pot-lid.

2. The Humoral matter of the Sweat is ordinarily scarce any other than the serum * 1.7 of the bloud, to which sometimes, if the evacuation that way be inordinate, there are added some portions of the nutritive and nervous juice, with other humours gathered out of the bowels, glandules and lymphick or watery vessels, yea, and likewise the substance or meltings of the solid parts: but yet whatever it is, it is voided chiefly out of the Arteries, though I do not deny that besides that, there does some of it come out of the nerves too; so also that out of the fibres and solid parts something of an hu∣mour is attenuated by the force of the heat into a vapour, which upon the skin thick∣neth again into a moisture. But notwithstanding it is the bloud onely that by its heat makes any humour evaporate, and from its own bosom sends forth the greatest part of that which sweats out.

To the end that Sweat may break forth in great quantity and easily, these three * 1.8 things are requisite; that is to say, First, That the bloud, when boyling up more than ordinary, should circulate more rapidly than it usually doth: Secondly, That the wa∣tery part of it should abound with many aqueous particles, and those loosened, that is, apt to be separated from the rest of the liquor, and changed into a vapour. Thirdly and lastly, that the pores of the whole body be set wide enough open.

1. The reason of the first condition seems manifest enough; for unless the bloud * 1.9 circulate rapidly, and be carried through the Arteries in so great a quantity, as that what remains above that which the Veins bring back again, cannot be wholly received in the lymphick vessels, or exhaled by insensible perspiration, there will be nothing su∣perfluous, to transpire by sweating; for the liquor of Sweat consists of the superfluous and rejectaneous matter of those passages. But the bloud circulateth more ra∣pidly, in order to the producing of Sweat; in as much as through the more frequent and vehement compressions of the heart, it is driven about with a greater force. Of which effect, though there are several manifest causes, they may all, or at least the chiefest of them, be reduced to the two kinds following.

For the actuating and variously altering the motion of the heart, the efficient cause * 1.10 are the animal Spirits that flow to it from the Brain; but the final cause is the circu∣lation of the bloud: for as upon that account the motion of it was first ordained, so according as the bloud ought to circulate, upon several occasions, sometimes swifter and sometimes slower, fiercely or quietly, or any other way, the beating of the heart also is variously altered. Whenever therefore that is augmented or quickened so, as that it causes sweating, it comes to pass either through necessity or indigence of the bloud, or the instigation of the animal spirits.

1. Whenever the bloud is heated, or kindled more than ordinary, it ought to be * 1.11 carried about more rapidly than is usual, left it should be choaked within the folds of the heart. Now of such a boyling or excessive kindling thereof, there are many cau∣ses and occasions. For the bloud sometimes swells of its own accord, like Wines, by its own sulphur which is too much elevated. Moreover when it is exceedingly tossed or heated, and more than ordinarily kindled by hot things taken in at the mouth, through the ambient heat, a swifter motion of the body, shutting of the pores, or other occasions, it requires to be carried about so rapidly, to the end that it may cause sweating.

2. Sometimes the bloud, though quiet of it self, is put into an Hydrotick effervescence * 1.12 or sweating heat, by the instigation of the animal spirits. For in acute Pains, violent Passions, great stoppages of the natural or vital Functions, in the very agony or pangs of death, and other faintings or disorders of the spirits, where the health of the body is in great danger, the sensitive soul (to keep the vital flame of the bloud from going out) puts the heart into a very rapid motion, whereby whilest the bloud is driven about with greater violence, it also causes for the most part sweating.

The second thing required in order to cause sweating is, that whilest the bloud boyls

up very exceedingly, or is kindled more than usually, and sends forth great quantities of effluvia or streams from it, its liquor should abound with a serous humour, which may be also apt to separate and exhale from the other part of its mass; for otherwise there will break forth onely a dry vapour as from boyling Oil (though in the heat of a Fever, or any other great heat) and not at all any sweat. But they whose bloud * 1.13 being full of Serum, if of a loose and somewhat dissolved constitution, are put into a sweat upon every the least occasion. But if the Serum be defective, or is not easily separated from the bloud, as being too compact, or through the feculency that is in it, very thick; though a burning Fever come upon him, and at the same time the stron∣gest sweating Medicins are administred, the Party shall hardly sweat at all.

Thirdly to procure sweating the right way, it is requisite that when the bloud boyls, and is diluted with an aqueous humour, which is easily feparable from it, the pores of * 1.14 the skin also fhould be wide and open enough; for unless the body be perspirable, it is in vain to attempt sweating. Some mens skins are very thick, and almost impene∣trable, to which if the Winters cold comes, you may sooner draw water out of a pu∣mice stone than out of their hides.

So much for the chief requisites toward the cause of sweating, which as they are sometimes partly deficient, in so much that the sweat comes very hardly or not at all * 1.15 away; so sometimes through the excess of these requisites, as likewise through some other inordinacies in the humours or habit of the body, too frequent and copious sweating doth usually infest some persons, so far that the nutritive juice is no sooner conveyed into the bloud, but immediately all of it sweating forth with the serous li∣quor out at the pores of the skin, is turned to a moisture. The reason of which, if we inquire into, there are these three things chiefly, in some or all of which they seem most chiefly to consist.

1. Therefore a too excessive inclination to sweating arises sometimes because the * 1.16 bloud being vitiated in its temper, and made too weak, cannot assimilate the nutritive juice, which it receives out of the chyle: wherefore, as a Stomach, whose tone is re∣laxed, it is forced to vomit out the humour which is poured into it, as soon as it is full of it. Hence it is that most commonly nocturnal sweatings, which are very trouble∣some, succeed Fevers in the day time; in as much as that in these the mass of bloud (like sower Milk which being heated over the fire is dissolved and precipitated into a wheyishness of its own accord without any thing to turn it put in) is of so loose a con∣stitution, that it is loosened in its mixture upon any light occasion. To which you may add, that the bloud being impoverished is not fully kindled, whereupon the crude juices, by how much the less they are consumed by efflagration, must of necessity break forth by sweat so much the more copiously whilest the bloud is put into a brisk motion.

Secondly, It is not improbable, that an excessive inclination to sweating may de∣pend in some measure upon this cause also; to wit, that either the veins or lymphae∣ducts * 1.17 do not in all places discharge their duty as they ought to do. For if perchance the serous superfluities of the Arterial bloud, are not immediately taken out one way or other, they must of necessity be somewhere gathered together to a great fulness, and consequently, if they are not evacuated by sweat, must needs hinder the circula∣tion of the bloud, and oftentimes cause a Dropsie.

Thirdly, If at any time, for the reasons asoresaid, the inclination to sweating grows strong upon a man, the same also is augmented, and frequent and copious sweats flow * 1.18 forth, if the pores and passages of the skin are wider than they use to be: which dispo∣sition sometimes is natural, and sometimes contracted by accident. I have known some mens bodies so pervious and open that they could not indure so much as the lightest blast of Air; who likewise through any violent motion, or heat of the Sun, Fire, or their Beds, would presently dissolve into a sweat.

From these things (which are necessarily required for the causing of sweat, and * 1.19 make it excessive) thus laid down, it will be easie to collect what is both the true na∣ture of Sweat, and also the immediate cause of it: for both consist in this, that the bloud abounding with Serum, and being somewhat loosened in its constitution, whilest it is more rapidly carried about by the brisker pulsation or beating of the heart, and by that means more is carried forth through the Arteries, than that the bloudy part can be all strait brought back by the veins and the serous part discharged through the reins and lymphaeducts, there is therefore a necessity that whatever Serum remains, im∣pregnated also with other particles, should sweat out through the pores of the skin which are wide enough to admit it.

As to other causes of sweating, to wit, the original, or remote, and the evident on•…•…s; those of the former sort respect either the mass of bloud, or the animal spirits. For * 1.20

these being (as I formerly hinted) obnoxious to convulsive indispositions and other ir∣regularities, do sometimes of their own accord, or occasionally put themselves into ex∣plosive and inordinate motions; whereby the heart also being exceedingly disturbed, drives the bloud about with greater violence, and consequently causes them to melt into sweats. But the antecedent cause of spontaneous sweating lies oftentimes in the mass of bloud: for if at any time heterogeneous and foreign particles, or such as are altogether disagreeable, are gathered together to a fulness within the body of it, then finding it self oppressed, it is presently dissolved, and boyls up, to separate and throw out by way of sweating whatever is troublesom to it, together with the serous liquor. Which kind of Sweat, according as the peccant matter is easie, difficult, or impossible to be voided, is called either Critical (which is also more or less perfect) or sympto∣matical. Of these I have discoursed at large in my Treatise called Puretologia [or A Discourse of Fevers,] so that I have no need to say any more in this place.

2. The evident causes of Sweat, that is, such as without any original cause or physi∣cal * 1.21 Indication, cause sweating very often, solitarily and by themselves, being various and of divers kinds; to wit, such things as are taken in at the mouth, things outward∣ly applied, too great a commotion in the mind or body, with many others; I have a mind in this place briefly to observe to you the chiefest of them, together with their di∣stinct manners of working: which when you rightly understand, it will be the more easie to conceive how and with what difference the Medicins that are designed for this purpose cause that purgation by sweat.

1. First therefore Sweat is usually produced by a more violent, laborious, and long * 1.22 motion of the body; as we see daily in Running, Dancing, carrying of Burdens, Draw∣ing, and the like. The reason of which is, because the muscles of the whole body being violently exercised, compress the Vessels that are between them, and conse∣quently put the bloud into a commotion, driving it rapidly to and fro; and seeing that by this means the veins are chiefly straightned, the bloud glides the more easily through their cavities, which are still wider and wider, and is much more swiftly carried to∣ward the heart; and seeing the bloud in that manner being gathered to a great quan∣tity within the right side of the heart, oppresseth, or almost choaks it, both the heart and lungs labour very vigorously with more frequent and stronger endeavours to drive the bloud about more rapidly, that so at last it being more inflamed within the heart; and consequently rarefied and dissolved, or loosened in its constitution, may exhale a great many more particles of heat, that is, of spirit and sulphur; which conveying out along with them the serous parts, that (whilest all the vessels are so swollen) cannot be brought back again, make the Sweat. As in the body, so in the mind also, immo∣derate * 1.23 exercises cause sweating.

2. The ambient heat [or heat that encompasseth them] as of the Sun, Fire, a Bath, an Hot-house, and the like, is apt to provoke sweating; because the hot particles that * 1.24 are conveyed into our bodies from without, and enter under the skin, do not onely open the pores and passages thereof, but also make the bloud to boyl, and bubble as Water doth over a fire; in so much that when the constitution thereof is loosened and rarefied the sweaty vapours fly out in great quantities. Nor is it the external heat alone, but even our own, which being detained about the surface of that body, from whence it exhaled, causeth sweat. For nothing is more usual than for a man when he lies in bed, being covered with a great many cloths, to fall into a sweat. The rea∣son of which is plain enough, in as much as the vapours or breathings which just then come from him, and are restrained or kept in about the surface of his body, have the nature of a dry Bath.

3. The hindering of usual Transpiration doth sometimes cause sweating; and the * 1.25 reason of which is, because the bloud being restrained from its free and usual perspi∣ration, fermenteth more violently, like new Wine put up too close in any vessel; and consequently being the more rarefied, and put into a great commotion through its more rapid circulation, must of necessity be dissolved into Sweat. It was anciently a custom among the Irish when they were sick of any Fever, to wrap themselves up in woolen clothes, moistned with cold Water, by which means great quantity of Sweat came from them, and oftentimes cured the Distemper. I have heard of such an Experiment as this, that hath been tried upon our Country People with good success.

4. Hot Meats inwardly taken, especially such as are seasoned with Salt, Pepper, and * 1.26 Spices, and so also drinking of hot Waters, strong Ale, and generous Wine, in as much as they either impregnate the bloud with active particles, which are like Spurs or Glad∣flies to it, or supply it when it is inflamed with Sulphur and such combustible matter, which is like Oil to a Lamp, they cause a more copious perspiration of the exhala∣ble

matter, and consequently greater exsudations or sweatings out of the superfluous Serum.

So much of the Nature and Causes (as well conjunct as manifest) of Sweat. As to the differences of it, it uses to be distinguished several ways; to wit, that is either spon∣taneous or forced; either partial, or universal; either critical or symptomatical; the * 1.27 reasons of all which are very manifest from what I have already said.

Moreover Sweat is either hot, of which I have treated hitherto; or actually cold, such as is caused by a Panick fear, very sharp pains, in a Lipothymie, or any sudden * 1.28 fainting of the spirits, and in the pangs of death. The cause hereof seems to consist in the whole Souls sinking upon any sudden and extraordinary passion, whereby it contracts its circumference; and consequently, when the spirits are put into a con∣sternation, and the bloud retracted with the heat toward the heart, the outmost par∣ticles that flow out through the skin, being left or forsaken by those that follow, and destitute of heat, are immediately condensed into a cold vapour just as it usually hap∣pens in Distillation. For if you restrain, or put out the fire on a sudden, the hot ex∣halation, that fills the Still, will presently turn to a Water.

From these things thus premised and demonstrated, which are the chiefest requisits to provoke sweating, and the great occasions, or ordinary accidents upon the account * 1.29 of which it is usually excited; it will not be any difficult matter to shew you in what qualities and particles sweating Medicins ought to excel, and after what manner they produce their effects. And first of all, as to their Virtues, Sweating things that are to be taken inward ought to be such as may make the bloud boyl up more than ordinary, and by consequence, evaporate; and likewise such as may in some measure open and dissolve the mass thereof, which is oftentimes too compact and thick; so that the se∣rous part thereof may the more easily separate and run away; and at the same time may dispose it when so separated for evacuation by sweating, rather than by urin or stool. These are two things that are primary Requisites or Indications to Sweating; for the right accomplishing whereof, Diaphoreticks or sweating Medicins of several kinds and operations are commonly used. As to the third Requisit (which I mentio∣ned before) to wit, the opening of the Pores, it is performed almost by outward Ad∣ministrations onely; but after what manner, and how many wa•…•…s it is usually brought about, I shall shew hereafter. In the mean time, to speak of Hidrotick o•…•… sweating Medicins that are to be taken in at the mouth, I must first shew you, after what ge∣neral manner such Medicins work; then with what difference and particular kind of operation; and lastly, by virtue of what qualities, in every kind, to wit, either of the whole mixture, or any one single element, that is to say, a Spirit, Sulphur, or Salt, they exert their powers both in the bowels and in the humours, when they provoke Sweat.

1. Therefore as to the first, concerning sweating Medicins in general, I observe that they consist of such particles, as being benign enough to the Stomach and Guts, * 1.30 do not cause in them any convulsion or motion to stool: and likewise that they can∣not be subdued by them, or astimilated as food may be; but when they come into the stomach, immediately dispose both the animal spirits and the bloud to sweating. For some of them being drowned and dissolved in the stomach, do presently rouze and recreate the animal spirits that abound within the nervous fibres (out of which the inner coat is made) in so much that the substance of the whole sensitive soul being presently erected, and expanded or spread to a larger circumference, makes the heart more vegete and active, and consequently the bloud, which is rarefied and more in∣kindled, more rapidly to circulate, by which means it is put into a Sweat. Moreover, in the mean time the particles of the same Medicin convey themselves also into the bloud that runs through the stomach-vessels (which cover the nervous tunick or coat in great numbers) and force it (by putting it in a ferment and a sudden heat) to make its way through the Veins toward the heart with far greater speed than ordinary: in∣to which when it comes with that violence, immediately the pulse of the heart is aug∣mented, and the whole mass of bloud being rarefied and more inflamed, and at the same time disturbed by the particles of the Medicin that are most intimately mixed with it, it is hurried on through the arteries with far greater speed into all outward parts; where, seeing all its watery part cannot be brought back or received by the veins and other conveyances, it must of necessity come to pass, that a great part of the serous humour be melted into Sweat. But the particles of the sweating Medicin, being admitted, as is aforesaid, into the bloud, do not onely ferment and disturb the li∣quor thereof, but oftentimes also do so loosen and open the misture of it, that the Serum and other dreggy parts of it are the more easily separated and thrown off. But since this happens to fall out after a different manner, not onely according to the various

constitution of the bloud, but the several operations or preparations of the Medicin, it seemeth worth our while in this place briefly to give you the various Indications when you ought to use sweating Physick, and the different ways of prosecuting them, together with the reason of every one of them. But upon this subject you must first take notice, that sweating Medicins are, in the ways of their operations, and the operation it self * 1.31 very nearly allied to a great many Cordials (as they are commonly called) in so much that many of both sorts are of the same or reciprocal use; and therefore seeing they differ chiefly in their greater or lesser efficacy, as often as you have need to pass from one kind to the other, it will be almost onely necessary to augment or diminish the Dose, and to chuse the most convenient times to give it in.

Therefore, as to the various kind and preparation of the matter out of which Hidro∣tick * 1.32 or sweating Medicins are compounded, they are most commonly either the Inte∣gral or Elementary parts of some mixt body: that is, they are either natural bodies, that are given in their whole substance, either simple or extracted; as when the Leaves, Seeds, or Roots of Carduus, Contrayerva, Angelica, or the like, are taken in a Powder, Decoction, Conserve, or Magistery: or else sweating Medicins consist of the particles of this or that Element, which are spirituous, sulphureous, saline, simple, or any other that predominate therein: as if you extract out of Carduus, or any other * 1.33 body, whether Vegetable, Mineral, or Animal, a Salt, or Spirit, or Oil, and reduce it apart by it self, or with other preparations, into the form of a Medicin. I shall briefly touch upon each, or at least, the chiefest sorts of them.

I. Diaphoreticks, whose virtue consists in the Integral particles of the whole con∣crete body, being unequally mingled, seem to excel in one particular Element, (that is, * 1.34 Salt) above all others, and to owe their virtue chiefly to that. But that Salt, upon which the Hydrotick or sweating quality depends, comes in double capacity; for in some bodies it is volatile, sharp, or bitter; and in others Alchalised, or in some mea∣sure fixed. 1. In the first rank are placed many Vegetables, which the Ancients coun∣ted Antidotes, as the Leaves of Scordium, Carduus, Scabious, and Vincetoricum, or Celandine, Marigold, and Camomile Flowers, Lagwort, Zedoary, and Galangal roots, &c. as also the Confections of Mithridate, Treacle, Diascordium, and likewise Decoctions of Guaicum, Box, and such like. Which kind of Medicins, when taken into the Stomach and dissolved, make a Tincture, whose particles (as being more hot than ordinary, and exotick or foreign) rouze up the animal spirits, whereby the heart being more vegetely actuated, drives about the bloud with a more rapid motion. Be∣sides which they get into the bloud that is in the stomach vessels, and ferment it, and * 1.35 by that means, whilest they cause it to be brought back to the heart by the veins in more than ordinary haste, they are also the occasion that it is driven forward so ve∣hemently through the Arteries into the habit of the body, and causeth sweating. 2. The other sort of Diaphoreticks, or sweating Medicins, which consisting of the integral parts of a mixt body, have an alchali Salt predominant in them, are Stones, and the bony or harder and shelly parts of Animals and Vegetables, as Bezoar, Pearl, Eyes and Claws of Crabs, and the like, whose Diaphoretick virtue proceeds most chiefly from an Alchali Salt; in as much as the particles thereof meeting sometimes with an acid Salt, not onely in the bowels, but in the bloud too, and boyling up with it, do thereby cause the mass of bloud to dissolve, and the serous part thereof to separate and melt into Sweat.

II. Hydrotick Medicins, which after a Chymical resolution of them, owe their virtue * 1.36 to Elementary particles, one way or other, being formed out of various subjects, and with different ways of preparation, are chiefly either spirituous, or saline, or both together united among themselves, or with some small number of sulphureous particles. For those that are meerly or for the most part sulphureous, are less ser∣viceable to this purpose; for such being most commonly offensive to the Bowels, do oftentimes cause nauseousness, and very frequently vomiting. Moreover such as, through their great quantity of Sulphur are oily and fat, do not so easily insinuate themselves into the mass of bloud. After what manner, and by what sort of opera∣tion upon the spirits and the bloud, those others cause sweating, I shall enquire more particularly. * 1.37

1. And first to the spirituous sort of them I refer hot Waters, and all kind of liquors that are impregnated with a Vinous spirit; such as are Chymically distilled every where out of the Fruits of Vegetables, or their Juices ripened by fermentation, or dissolved by putrefaction; such as are Spirit of Wine, Cider, Ale, Juniper berries, El∣der, Black Cherries, with many other things, which are commonly called spirits; and they are taken either plain and clear by themselves, or being impregnated with the infusion of other Simples, are again distilled, or given under the form of a Tin∣cture.

These kind of Vinous liquors, being inwardly taken, cause sweating, not onely in that they erect or raise the animal spirits, and put them into a greater expansion (whereby the motion of the heart also is quickened) but likewise for that they put the bloud into a commotion and (just as when Oil is added to a flame) make it more hot and fiery. For the same reason, and upon the score of the same manner of ope∣ration that these are called Diaphoreticks, they use also to be called Cardiacks or Cor∣dials, if they are given in a lesser dose.

2. For causing of Sweat there are Salt Preparations of several kinds and different * 1.38 qualities, which are usually prescribed, and that with good succefs; which nevertheless do not (as the particles of the whole mixt body, or those that are meerly spirituous) either disturb the bloud through their heterogeneousness [or being of another kind] * 1.39 or kindle it through their inflamableness [or being easily set on fire] but onely by act∣ing upon the saline particles thereof; which whilest they snatch into their embraces, they sever them from their strict union with others, so that the constitution of the bloud being loosened, and the Pulse augmented, the superfluous serous parts and other dregs, do the more easily separate, and arecarried off by Sweat. To this place you may refer (as I have before shewn concerning Pissing Medicins, and likewise in Cordials, as shall hereafter appear) Salt of almost every kind, but especially volatile, fluid, fixed, and nitrous Salt; out of which either severally, or in composition with each other, Diaphoreticks of the chiefest note are made: which being inwardly taken and meet∣ing * 1.40 with other Salts that abound both in the bowels and in the mass of bloud, and draw∣ing them from the embraces of the other particles, do open and rarifie the bloud, and consequently dispose it for evacuation by sweat. We shall hereafter declare to you the chief sorts of them, with their manner of operation; but in the mean while, see∣ing the same salt Medicins that use to be given for sweating, are also commonly pre∣scribed to provoke Urin, and sometimes for Cordials too, I must shew you with what preparation, and also with what requisits we ought to prosecute this manner of eva∣cuation by sweat apart from those other intentions.

And indeed we observe, that sweating Medicins taken inwardly do seldom or never work of their own accord, as Vomits, and Purges, or Diureticks do; and besides that, * 1.41 a man must always use great caution, and keep ones self warm, to actuate the Medi∣dicin, and to determine that operation. Wherefore, from the time that the sweating Medicin is given, the Patient is to be treated in that manner, to the end that not onely the Pores of his body may be opened, but also very much to quicken the pulsation of the heart. For these ends, let him be kept in a warm Bed, a Bath, or Hot-house, or exercised with a swifter or more laborious motion of his Body than usual; all which, that it may the better succeed toward the provoking of Sweat, we must chuse the most convenient time and subject, as oft as it is in our power; that is to say, when the bloud * 1.42 being in a good temper, or at least, not a very bad one, doth both sufficiently abound with serous humours, and is not too confused or disturbed in its particles, but is incli∣ned to open, and separate, or be dissolved into several parts. For in a cholerick tem∣per, a thin and dry constitution, and in the midst of a burning Fever, when all things are out of order and indigested, Diaphoreticks are oftentimes given in vain, or when they are not proper. Moreover as often as they seem to be useful, you must not give any kind of them indifferently; but according to the several conditions of the bloud, and the different predominancy of sometimes this and sometimes that Element there∣in, and the states or qualifications of the Salts, you must make choice of such and such Medicins. To this purpose we shall in the next place tell you, with what caution, and in what forms they ought to be prescribed.

CHAP. II. The Sorts and Receipts of Diaphoreticks [or Sweating Medicins] with the Reasons of some among them which are Chymical.

SEeing that Sudorifical or sweating Medicins are manifold and of different sorts, and use also to be variously ordered and reduced into Classes or ranks; I there∣fore thought fit in this place first of all to give you an account of, and distinguish the same both in their form or manner of making, and also as to the matter of which they are made. Now the most usual forms in which they are given, are 1. a Powder, 2. Chymical Liquors. 3. A Potion. 4. A Bolus. 5. A Diet. The matter of every * 1.43 one of these is either the integral parts of a whole mixt Body, or they are the elementary parts of some mixed Body resolved and taken in pieces by Chymistry: and those are either more simple (that is to say, either spirituous or saline (which latter are either volatile or fixed, or sower or •…•…trous) or the sudorifical particles, so divided and sepa∣rated by Chymistry, are elementary ones compounded among themselves; to wit, spirituo-saline ones, and salino-sulphureous ones. Whilest we run over each of these forts in order, we will adapt or fit, to every kind of matter, the more select forms of prescriptions.

1. Diaphoreticks whose foundations are the integral parts of a mixt Body, and * 1.44 such wherein a sharp or volatile Salt predominateth, conduce oftentimes to the provo∣cation of sweat upon this account; to wit, that their particles being admitted into the bloud (seeing they are unmingleable and untamable) disturb the mass thereof, divide it very much, and separate it as it were into small parcels; in so much that at last when the constitution of the bloud is very much loosened and put into a boyling heat, the serous superfluities, the dreggy parts and corruptions of the bloud are thrown out along with the particles of the Medicin, which are to be cast forth upon the score of their heterogeneousness [or being of another kind.] Those of this sort are used to be given under the form of a Powder, Bolus, Potion, and Diet, according to the following prescriptions.

Take of the dust of the roots of Contrayerva, Virginy-Creeper and Lagwort, each ʒ j. of * 1.45 Cochineel and Saffron, each ʒ ss. make a Powder. The Dose is ʒ ss. with a convenient * 1.46 vehicle.

Take of the Powder of Vipers ʒ j. and give it in a convenient Liquor.

Take of the Powder of Toads prepared ʒ ss. to ʒ j.

When Diaphoreticks ought to predominate with an alchali Salt alone, or mingled with the former;

Take of Eastern Bezoar ℈ ss. to ʒ ss. and give it in a spoonful of distilled Water, or of any other vehicle.

Take of the Powder of Crabs Glaws compound. ℈ j. to ʒ ss. and give it the same way.

Make your Powder of Bezoar in this manner following:

Take of the Powder of the Roots of Contrayerva, and of Crabs Claws, simple, each ℥ ij. of Pearl, both sorts of Coral, of the whitest Amber, of Crabs Eyes, Harts horn, and Chry∣stal prepared, each ℥ j. of Western Bezoar, and of Terra Lemnia, each ℥ ss. of Ceruss of Antimony ℥ ij. of Cochineel ℥ ss. of Amber grise ʒ j. ss. of Musk ʒ ss. make a small Pow∣der, and form it, with Gelly made of Vipers skins, into little Balls. The Dose is ℈ j. to ʒ j.

Take of this Bezoar Powder ℈ j. of Toads prepared, gr. vj. make a Powder, and give it in a spoonful of Treacle water.

2. Bolusses, the bases or foundations of which are the integral parts of a mi•…•…t Body, reduced into the form of a Confection, Extract, or Conserve. * 1.47

Take of Mithridate ʒ ss. to ʒ j. of Powder of Bezoar ℈ j. to ʒ ss. Syrup of the juice of Ci∣tron a convenient quantity; and make a Bolus. In place of the Mithridate you may put Treacle or Diascordium, or Confectio liberans de Hyazintho. So Bezoar pulveri∣zed, or Powder of the roots of Contrayerva, or of any other things like unto it, may sup∣ply room of the Powder of Bezoar.

Take of the Extract of Treacle ʒ ss. to ʒ j. of the Powder of Bezoar ℈ j. and make a Bolus.

Take of the Extract of Cardu•…•…s ʒ ss. of the Powder of Bezoar ℈ j. of Salt of Wormwood gr. xv. with a convenient quantity of Syrup made of the juice of Citron; and make a Bolus.

3. Potions whose Foundations are the common Decoctions of Vegetables, or Infu∣sions * 1.48 and Tinctures.

Take of the Roots of Lagwort ℥ i. of the Seed there of ʒ ij. of Candied Ringo root ʒ vj. of * 1.49 Carduus seed ʒ ij. and boyl them in Spring water, one pint to half a pint, in the clear straining where of take ʒ ss. or ℈ ij. of Mithridate, warm in bed.

In like manner take the Leaves of Carduus, Marigold or Camomile Flowers, and boyl them in a convenient quantity of Posset drink. Of which give ℥ vj. or viij. warm by it self, or with a Powder, a Confection, or any other Diaphoretick joined to it.

4. Several sorts of Diaphoretical Infusiorts and Tinctures may be prepared by ex∣tracting the Vertues of simple Vegetables, and of Confections with Wine, Vinegar, * 1.50 or destilled Water: which being afterward strained and clarified by setling, are often∣times very successfully given either by themselves or in composition with other liquors. Hither we ought to refer all Waters, Wines, and Venegars of Bezoar, prepared by Infusion, the Receipts where of are very frequently met with among Aurthors. More∣over the Tinctures of Vegetables, that are very efficacious in a small Dose, are made in this manner following.

Take of the roots of Contrayerva lb j. and when you have bruised it and put it into a Ma∣trace, * 1.51 pour to it of spirit of Wine three pints. Let them digest to extract a Tincture, which you must strain, and let it evaporate in a Bath to the consistence or thickness of Honey. Keep the spirit which you first drew off, apart from the rest, and pour it again into the remaining part of it: and then again extract a Tincture: of which the Dose is ʒ ss. to ʒ j. in a convenient vehicle.

5. Diets, the bases or fundations where of are Decoctions of Liquors, designed for * 1.52 the cure of the Pox, and some other chronical Distempers, deeply rooted in the bloud and humours.

For, to the curing of some Diseases very violent and frequent Sweating, that is, a long time together, and every day, is necessarily requisit: not onely to purge out the impurities and corruptions of the Bowels and Humours, but also totally to extin∣guish, or as it were, root out the morbifick tinctures, that are so deeply impressed up∣on them. To this end, it will not be enough to give a Sweating Powder or Bolus some few times, but a mans whole Diet ought to be directed to this end onely: where∣fore all ones drink in such a case ought to be a Diaphoretick Decoction, after a Dose whereof taken in the morning, you must sweat plentifully either in a Bath or Hot∣house. Then, when by this means both the pores of the skin are opened, and Na∣ture also is inclined to an evacuation by Sweat, let the recrements of the bloud and nervous juice evaporate all the day after by transpiration, which must be still conti∣nued by the use of the same drink. By this method not onely the Pox is most safely and for the most part most certainly cured, but likewise other Herculean Distempers are sometimes happily healed.

Take of the shavings of Lignum Sanctum, or Guiacum ℥ iv. of Sarsaparella ℥ vj. of China ℥ ij. of all kinds of Sanders, each ℥ j. of the shavings of Ivory, and of Harts born, each ℥ ss. of Antimony pulverized and tied up ℥ vj. infuse them according to Art, and boyl them in xvj. pints of Spring water till half be boyled away; then strain it, and to the dregs of the Ingredients that remain, pour a like quantity of water, and make an Infu∣sion and a Decoction till a third part be consumed, adding of Raisins lb j. of Licoris ℥ j. and keep the straining for your ordinary drink.

In a cholerick temperament, and when the bloud is sharp and hot, you must omit the Guiacum, increasing the quantity of China and Sarsa.

Diaphoretieks that consist of the integral part of a whole mixt body, and are easily * 1.53 got for the Poor, must be prepared according to the Receipts following.

In malignant Fevers. Take of Conserve of Allelujah ʒ j. and of Mithridate ℈ ij. ss. mingle them, and let the Patient take them, drinking thereupon a draught of Posset drink, with Carduns or Scordium Leaves, or Camomile, or Marigold Flowers boyled in it.

Take of the roots of Virginy Creeper pulverized ʒ ss. to ʒ j. and give it in a convenient vehicle. Or, Take of the roots of Lagwort pulverized ʒ j. after the same manner.

In ordinary cases give the Decoction of Grumwel, roots of Lagwort, or Virginy Creeper, or roots and seeds of Burdock. In the Pox, The Decoction of Sopewort or Shavings of Box wood, and the like, may supply the place of the Decoction which is made of Woods that are of greater value.

2. Sweating Medicins prepared out of the elementary parts of a mixt Body, have for their foundation either a Spirit or a Salt, sometimes simple, and sometimes joined * 1.54 with another Salt or with Sulphur. Spirituous Medicins must be prescribed according to the Receipts following.

1. Spirit of Treacle comphorated ʒ ss. to ʒ j. or ʒ j. ss. may be given in a convenient * 1.55 vehicle.

After the same manner also many other Spirits, distilled out of the juices of Vege∣tables that are ripened by fermentation, and appropriated to some certain Distempers, may be given to provoke Sweat at any time when it is proper: such as are the spirit of black Cherries, of Elder, Ivy, and Juniper, berries, with many others. Spirit of Harts horn, Soot, Bloud, and the like, ought rather to be reckoned among the saline Medicins.

2. Diaphoreticks whose foundations are Spirits, with other elementary particles * 1.56 mixed among them, must be prescribed in this manner;

Take of the simple mixture ʒ j. and give it in a convenient vehicle.

Hither also you may refer such as consist of a Spirit, fixed Salt, and Sulphur uni∣ted: such as are the Tincture of Salt of Tartar and Antimony, of which the Dose is ℈ j. to ℈ ij. in another liquor. Moreover Distilled Waters, in which the spirituous particles are diluted with watery ones, are oftentimes used to be given to provoke sweat with very good success.

Take of the Roots of Lagwort, and Valerian, each ℥ ij. of Zedoary, Contrayerva, or Drakes Root, and Virginy Creeper, each ℥ j. ss. of the Flowers of Lagwort or Butterbur iv. * 1.57 handfuls, of Saffron ʒ ij. to which when shreded and bruised pour iv. pints of Sherry Wine; distil them according to Art, and mingle all the liquor. The Dose is ℥ ij. ss. to ℥ iij. Or, Take of the roots of Angelica, and Masterwort, each ℥ iv. of Zedoary, Eli∣campane, Swallow wort, Gentian, and the lesser Galingal, each ℥ j. of the tops of Car∣du•…•…s, Rue, and Angelica, each iij. handfuls, of the middle Bark of an Ashtree ℥ vj. when you have shreded and bruised them, put to them of Mithridate, and Treacle of An∣dromachus, each ℥ ij. mingle them, and pour to it of generous Wine vj. pints, of distilled Vinegar ij. pints, distil them according to Art. The Dose is ℥ iij.

The Doses of the aforesaid Waters may be actuated by the addition of Chymical liquors or salts. Such Medicins as these that are impregnated with a vinous spirit are proper chiefly and almost onely for old men, and likewise for such as are of a cold temper, and those that are subject to a Palsie or Dropsie; but in an hot constitution, and when the Bowels burn, or the Bloud is in a feverish commotion, they usually do more hurt than good, in as much as they inflame the former, and put the latter into an excessive effervescence.

Diaphoreticks whose basis is saline, as they are of several sorts, to wit, (according as the salt is volatile, fixed, sower, or nitrous, so they are) of a different use and ope∣ration; which is the reason that in some cases one sort, and in other cases another sort is more proper; as I observed before concerning Diureticks, or Pissing Me∣dicins. * 1.58

1. Fixed and volatile Salt are most proper for those, whose Bloud abounds very * 1.59 much with a serous humour. So also, when the juice that moistens the bowels and the nerves, grows sharp, (as it is usual in those that have the Dropsie, or an ill ha∣bit of body, and such as are liable to convulsions) those kind of Medicins are more successfully used to provoke sweating; but, when they meet with the acid-saline par∣ticles of the humours, and are united thereunto, they loosen the constitution of the Bloud, and likewise through the heterogeneousness (or different ingredients) of the mixture, disturb the mass thereof, and therefore to the end that the serous parts of it may be the more easily separated, and driven outward through the pores of the skin, those Medicins are prescribed in the form of a Powder, a Bolus, and a Liquor.

Take of the Flower of Sal-Armoniack ℈ss. of Chrystal Mineral gr. xv. of Bezoar Powder ℈j. mingle them, and give it in a spoonful of Aqua Sudorifica or Sweating water. * 1.60

Take of Salt of Tartar ℈j. of Ceruss of Antimony gr. xxv. and make a Powder, to be given * 1.61 the same way.

Take of Bezoar Powder Mineral ℈j. to ʒss. of Gascoign Powder ℈j. make a Powder, and give it in the fame manner.

Take of Ceruss of Antimony ℈j. to ʒss. of the Flower of Sal Armoniack ℈ss. and make a Powder.

2. These Medicins may be given in the form of a Bolus, by mingling the aforesaid Doses with Treacle, Mithridate, or Diascordium, or with the Extract of Carduus, Gentian, or the like.

Take of Bezoar Powder Mineral ℈j. of Flower of Sal Armoniack gr. vj. and of Mithridate ʒss. make a Bolus. * 1.62

Take of Salt of Harts born gr. viij. of Bezoar Powder gr. xv. of Extract of Treacle ℈j. make a Bolus or iij. Pills.

2. If it be more convenient to take them in the form of a Liquor.

Take of Spirit of Hartshorn or Soot, or Sal Armoniack from xv. to xx. drops, of Aqua Sudo∣rifica [or Sweating water] ℥j. to ℥iij. make a potion, and let the Patient take it with * 1.63 caution, keeping within doors.

Take of the Flower of Sal Armoniack ℈ss. of Salt of Tartar gr. xv. of Aqua Sudorifica ℥iij. mingle them and make a draught.

4. Diaphoreticks that have a nitrous Salt for their basis or foundation, are used with success in almost the same cases, as the former, which are composed of fixed and vo∣latile * 1.64 Salt; in as much as they destroy the predominancy of the acid Salt, and so dis∣pose the mixture of the Bloud, that whilest it boyls up, the Serum and dregs thereof may be the more easily separated and carried off.

Take of Chrystal Mineral ʒiij. of Salt of Hartshorn, or Soot, or Vipers ʒj. mingle them. The Dose is from ℈j. to ʒss. in a convenient vehicle.

Take of Sal Prunellae ʒij. of Bezoar Mineral Powder or of Ceruss of Antimony ʒj. make a Powder. The Dose is ℈ij. to ʒj.

5. Diaphoreticks whose basis is an acid Salt, are of greatest efficacy against the predominancy of fixed Salt and Sulphur: that is to say, When the mass of bloud is too * 1.65 thick and tenacious by reason of the saline-fixed particles which are united with the

sulphureous and earthy ones, so that it will not easily allow the serous parts of it to be carried off by Sweat (as it usually happens in continued Fevers and the Scurvy) an acid Salt, in the Medicin which is given, meeting with a fixed Salt in the body, and forcing it into its embraces, destroys the hurtful unions thereof, and consequently loosens the boyling bloud, and disposeth it for sweating.

Take of Spirit of Tartar from ʒss. to ʒj. of Aqua Sudorifica ℥iij. of the Flower of Sal Ar∣moniack * 1.66 ℈ss. mingle them.

Take of the Simple Mixture ʒss. to ℈ij. and give it in a spoonful of Treacle or Bezoar water.

Take of Bezoar Vinegar from ℥ss. to ℥j. of Carduus water ℥ij. of Plague water ʒvj. min∣gle them and make a draught.

Take of Spirit of Guiacum ʒj. of Aqua Sudorifica ℥ iij. mingle them and make a Potion.

5. Some things that are meerly or for the most part sulphureous are commonly reckoned among Sweating Medicins; as some natural Balsams, and others that are * 1.67 made, as also Chymical Oils, and especially those of Guiacum, Box, Camphire, Harts-horn and Soot; so likewise the rosinous Extracts of ponderous Woods, with many other things, which though by themselves they are of little efficacy toward provoking of Sweat, yet when they are joined with other saline ingredients, I am of opinion that they are not altogether useless; in as much as in a cold and phlegmatick constitution, sulphureo-saline things rarifie the bloud when it is too waterish, and dispose it to a freer evaporation, as much as spirituous things do.

Take of Balm of Gilead from vj. to xij. drops, of water of Baum, or of Ground Ivy ℥ iij. of Aqua Sudorifica ℥ss. and let the Patient take it every morning for several days to∣gether, to sweat. It is proper for those that are Pthisical, or have Ulcers in their Reins.

Upon the same account, but in a larger Dose, you may give Balsam of Peru, and likewise Tincture of Balsam of Tolu, as also stillatitious Balsams compounded.

Take of Rosin of Guiacum pulverized ʒ ij. of chymical Oil of the same ℈ j. of Bezoar Mi∣neral * 1.68 and of Gum of Guiacum each ʒ j. ss. of Balsam of Peru, a convenient quantity: make a mass for Pills. The Dose is from ʒss. to ℈ij. drinking thereupon a Dose of Aqua Sudorifica, or Decoction of the Woods.

The Chymical preparations of some Diaphoreticks, with the reasons why they are so made.

Bezoar Mineral.

Take of Butter of Antimony rectified ℥ iij. pour to it drop by drop of the Spirit of Nitre, or * 1.69 Aqua Stygia an equal quantity; draw it off in the beat of Sand, and pour it thereunto again, adding of the same menstruum fresh 〈◊〉〈◊〉 j. and draw it off again, repeating it three or four times. When you have taken the matter out and pulverized it, calcine it for an hour in a crucible; then sweeten it by washing, and burning Spirit of Wine upon it for three or four times. The Dose is from ℈j. to ʒj.

In the preparation hereof it is worth our observation, that whilest these exceeding sharp liquors are put together, immediately the Salts meeting with each other, are * 1.70 strictly united; in the mean time the sulphureous particles which abound in it, being totally excluded and freed, fly away, and taking some saline particles along with them, cause a very offensive heat and smoak, as if something were actually a burning: then when these are driven away, the saline ones that are left behind, are more closely uni∣ted with some earthy ones of the Antimony, and at last having undergone the fire, that the Emetick or vomiting Sulphur may totally exhale; and the corrosive sharpness of the Salts be rebated, they make an excellent Diaphoretick; in as much as the diffe∣rent Salts in this Medicin, meet with the Salts in our Bodies, to which whilest they are united, the union of the bloud and humours is dissolved, so that the way whereby for

the serous recrement to pass out is wide enough; in the very same manner, as when Spirit of Nitre poured upon Butter of Antimony, or Aqua Fortis upon the filings of Iron, causeth a great ebullition or bubbling with heat and black fume; the reason of which is, because the sulphureous particles (whilest the Salts unite) fly away in great quantity as from a kindled fire. And that actual flame is not caused in this case, the reason is, because a great many salt particles arise with the sulphureous ones, by which the sul∣phureous ones are every where separated from each other, lest coming together they might take fire and flame.

Bezoar Mineral is said to be made after a more compendious way, in this manner:

You must precipitate Butter of Antimony infused in Spring water, into a white Powder, called Mercurius Vitae: which being dried, you must put by little and little into Salt of Nitre, melted in a crucible, and let them flow together for a quarter of an hour. After that, when the Nitre is dissolved by frequent pouring Spring water upon it, a white and fixed chalk will remain. Which nevertheless, though it be used for a Dia∣phoretick, differs very much from the Bezoar Mineral, because in it the Salts of the menstruums, upon which the virtue of the Medicin very much depends, are almost quite washed away: Besides that comes nearer to the nature of Ceruss of Antimony, or rather seems to be the same thing with it.

2. Diaphoretick Antimony.

Calcine your Antimony twice or thrice, with an equal quantity of Nitre, then melting it in * 1.71 a crucible, either let it run for some time, or throwing in a coal, let it make a noise till such time as the Sulphur being quite spent, a calx remains, consisting in a manner onely of Salt and Earth, and impregnated with fiery particles: which, when it is sweetened (as the way is) with frequent washing, becomes a meer Caput mortuum, or insipid Earth.

And although it be stiled by the name of a Diaphoretick, yet I know not to which * 1.72 of its particles that virtue can be attributed; and I have often in vain expected such an effect from this Medicin. It is indeed often used with good success to stop fluxes of the Serum or the Bloud; because this Earth being bereft of its proper Salts, imbibes other strange sorts of acid Salts, which it by chance meets with in our bodies; the like operation to which Crocus Martis seems to have (being prepared by a reverberating fire) and from the like cause, as I have elsewhere hinted to you.

Ceruss of Antimony, prepared out of the purer part thereof, that is to say, Regulus * 1.73 calcined with Nitre, is onely the purer or more clarified calx of it. In the prepara∣tion whereof you add Tartar, because the Regulus hath but very little Sulphur (with∣out which Nitre will not burn) in it; wherefore, for the better performance of the calcination, it is necessary to make an addition of Tartar, which abounds with sulphu∣reous particles.

3. Flower of Sal Armoniack.

Take of Sal Armoniack pulverized lb j. of filings of Iron ℥ xij. which having pounded * 1.74 and mingled, distil them in a Retort with a large neck, increasing the fire of the Rever∣berator by degrees: an yellowish liquor, which is the Spirit of Salt, will drop out into the Receiver, and the Flower will be sublimed partly into the sides thereof, and partly into the neck of the Retort, which being gathered together, may be kept in a Glass for your use. The Dose is from gr. v. to xv.

This operation is performed by mingling Sal Armoniack with washed Colcothar, * 1.75 as also with the Calx or Salt of Tartar. The reason of which mixture is this; first, to keep the Sal Armoniack from fusion or running. Secondly, That when the Par∣ticles of the more fixed Salt adhere or stick to the Iron, Colcothar, or Calx of Tar∣tar, the volatile parts of them being free from restraint, may easily ascend. And thirdly that the Flower, whilest it ascends, may carry along with it something of ano∣ther body, to wit, of Mars, Venus, or Salt of Tartar, and be impregnated with the virtue of it. When the sublimation is performed with Iron or Calx of Tartar, there are Tinctures drawn out of each Caput mortuum, (with Spirit of Wine) which are of no small use.

4. Spirit of Sal Armoniack.

Take of Tartar calcined with Nitre, and of Sal Armoniack, each lb iij. and when you * 1.76 have pulverized them severally, mingle them and put them into a large Cucurbit,, pour∣ing to them of Spring water vj. or viij. Pints, and distil them in an Oven of Sand. The Spirit will arise with the gentlest beat, pure, and very penctrating, without any burning: which if you rectifie it in a deep Cucurbit, a most pure volatile Salt will ascend into the Alembick.

The reason of this procedure is this: The Sal Armoniack consists of a volatile salt * 1.77 made out of Soot, Piss, and Sea-Salt; all which uniting, whilest they are sublimated, the salinovolatile particles being totally freed from the sulphureous ones, that used to stick to them, are so fixed and setled by the Sea-salt ones, that they cannot fly away. But as soon as ever this Bond is dissolved; that is to say, when this compound Salt, be∣ing dissolved in water, is intimately mixed with the salt of Tartar, the particles of Sea∣salt stick close to the saline-fixed ones of the Tartar; and consequently the volatile ones being dismissed from their embraces, and ready to fly away, do very easily arise; but whereas the spirit distilled from Sal Armoniack hath no offensive smell, as liquors * 1.78 drawn from Soot or Urin have, the reason is, because in that composition the volatile Salt, by the intervening of the Sea-salt, is altogether deprived of any sulphureous parti∣cles; which, when Soot or Piss are distilled by themselves, stick fast to the volatile Salt (as appears very plainly from the ill odour of them both) and likewise because the liquors distilled from those bodies, being first clear and limpid, grow afterward of an yellow colour, and become at last red, and black, and opacous or dark; to wit, in as much as the sulphureous particles being first subdued and hid by the saline ones, get by degrees their liberty, shew themselves and predominate over all the rest.

But in that composition of Sal Armoniack, that the particles of Sea-salt, of Piss and * 1.79 of Soot drive away the sulphureous part and fix the volatile Salt, is very manifest even from this Experiment also, which the famous Zwelferus found out for the fixing of volatile Salt. For Example:

Take of the volatile Salt of Vipers, Piss, or Harts horn, as much as you think good; which when you have put into a Cucurbit with a streight, and saving one little hole, a close orifice, pour into it drop by drop the spirit of Sea-salt to the height of two or three fingers, till all the Salt be dissolved: then filtrate the dissolution, and draw it off in a cucurbit, till it be dry. There will remain in the bottom a Salt of a good smell, some∣what acid, and of a salt taste; the use whereof is very much cried up in several Di∣stempers.

In this case I have tried and found yet farther, that if you would recover your vola∣tile Salt, you must put Salt of Tartar to it, and sublimate it in a Glass; from whence there will arise a most pure volatile Salt. In this manner you may so rectifie Spirit of Soot, of Harts horn and Bloud, that when their sulphur is quite driven away, they may become more grateful and less corruptible Remedies.

The Spirit of Sal Armoniack may also be distilled many other ways, to wit, if you * 1.80 mingle the dissolution of that Salt with a Lie of fixed Salt, or of slacked Lime in an equal proportion; for by this and perhaps some other means, whilest the particles of Sea-salt contract new confederacies, the former associates fly away. So it is also in the distilling of Piss, as is shewn in its proper place.

5. Spirit of Soot, Harts horn, &c.

Take of heavy Soot that comes from burnt wood, and shines with a blackness like Pitch, a * 1.81 convenient quantity, so as to fill an earthen Retort above half full; then having fitted thereunto a large Receiver, begin the distillation with a reverberating fire, increased by degrees to a moderate heat; there will in a short time arise a spirit in a white fume, and then an yellow Oil with a volatile Salt, and lastly a blackish Oil. Gather the Salt by it self and rectifie the rest of the liquor when it is separated from the black Oil by filtration, distilling it in a Balneum Mariae, or bath of sand, twice or thrice: so also when you have rectified the volatile Salt in a deep cucurbit, and purified it, keep it for your use. The Dose is of the Spirit from xij. to xx. drops, and of the Salt from vj. to xij. or xv. gr.

Small pieces or shavings of Harts horn may be distilled either the same way, with mere fire, or in a glass Retort and an Oven of Sand. So also out of a Skull, Bones, and Bloud, you may draw a Spirit, with a volatile Salt and a stinking Oil.

6. Spirits and Rosinous Extracts of Guiacum, Box, and other ponderous Woods.

That these kinds of Woods are duly numbred among such things as provoke Sweat, * 1.82 is plain from this, that sudorifical decoctions are made chiefly of them. The Hydro∣tick [or sweat-causing] virtue of them seems to consist in not onely a saline, but a sulphureous principle; for these Bod•…•… are abundantly filled with such kind of parti∣cles. Wherefore besides the common manner of preparing them, by infusion and boyling, thoir active principles of Salt and Sulphar are severally drawn forth by a chy∣mical resolution, and being reduced into peculiar concretions, that is to say, either a Spirit, an Oil, or a Rosin, make very fine, pleasant, and efficacious Diaphoreticks, or Sweating Medicins.

1. The Spirit and Oil are prepared in this manner.

Take of the sawed dust of Guiacum wood lb ij. and distil it with a reverberating fire, or in an Oven of Sand with a strong heat, there will c•…•…me sorth a sharp, and somewhat acid liquor, and an oil that is yellow and black: separate the latter and rectifie the rest in a cucurbit, you will have a spirit that will be clear and sharp to the smell, as also an yellow and ponderous oil, which will settle in the bottom of the wat•…•…ry Liquor. The Dose of the Spirit is from ʒ ss. to ʒ j. ss. and of the Oil from vj. to xv. drops in a convenient vehicle.

Both Medicins are Diaphoretical, and are used with success in a Dropsie, the Scur∣vey, and the Pox. Without doubt the saline part of this Body, which is partly fluid, * 1.83 and partly volatile, together with the phlegm, makes up the Spirit so called; and the more pure sulphureous part, the yellow Oil, which besides that, through the quan∣tity of salt that sticks to it, is heavy and sinks: Yea some sulphureous particles stick fast to the acid sharp spirit or distilled liquor, in so much that it always stinks, and soon losing its clearness, degenerates to an yellow or a red colour. The black Oil con∣sists of a salt and sulphur that is thick, that is to say, mingled with a quantity of earth. In Guiacum the saline Element is, most part of it, elevated beyond fixedness, into a state of fluidity and volatileness; which is the reason that a Lie made of the ashes thereof, affordeth less Salt. It is quite otherwise in Tartar, whereof onely some of the saline parts are in a fluour, and a state of volatility, but most of them remain fixed.

7. Rosin of Guiacum.

Rosin of Guiacum is prepared after the same manner ar Rosin of Scammony or Jalap, that is to say, the Tincture is extracted with spirit of Wine, and then it is drawn * 1.84 off to the one half; and by pouring water into the cucurbit, the Rosin will descend in great quantity, which being dried and pulverized, may be given from ℈ j. to ʒ ss. with other Sudorificks in a solid Form.

That this Rosin is the sulphureous part of the Guiacum is manifest from this; that after the extraction of it, if you distil the remaining Magma [or dreggy part that is * 1.85 left] in a Retort with the heat of Sand, or Fire onely, you will have a phlegm and an acid liquo•…•…n in the usual proportion. Wherefore from this chymical resolution [or ta∣king to pieces] of this Wood, we may conclude that the chymical Elements (in the same number, and just so qualified, as I have elsewhere asserted) are in mixed Bodies, and that they are not onely seemingly produced by the operation it self, as some men say.

8. Spirit of Tartar.

Take of choice white Tartar that shines, washed and dried (or rather as Zwelfer prescribes dissolved, and once chrystallized) lb iv. distil it in a Retcrt with a large Receiver, in∣creasing * 1.86 the fire gradually, till the fumes are quite gone. You will have a phlegm, a spirit, an yellow and a black Oil; which last you must separate; then put the remaining liquor into a glassen cucurbit, and rectifie it twice or thrice with the heat of Sand, abstracting every time onely a third part. The Dose is, of the Spirit, from ʒss. to ʒj.

and of the Oil ℈ ss to ℈ j. which in a prepared Body provokes Sweat very power∣fully.

The Genesis [or generation] and Analysis [or resolution] of Tartar cannot in this * 1.87 place be with convenience fully discovered to you, because they deserve much consi∣deration; but that I may briefly touch upon the Anatomy of it, this body consists of a great deal of Salt (the most part of whose particles are in a state of fixedness, and some in a state of fluidity and volatileness) much sulphur, a little spirit, with an indif∣ferent quantity of phlegm and earth. In the distillation the volatile salt ascending with the spirit, makes the liquor somewhat sharp and poignant; which is also, by rea∣son of the great quantity of fluid salt and sulphur, in some small measure acid and stinks so abominably, that it scarce gains a good smell by any rectification. As to the contents of this Stagma or distilled liquor, it doth not much differ from the product of Guiacum; unless in this, that the spirit is less acid, and doth not so readily dissolve Corals, and shelly substances: but there is a vast difference between the caput mortuum of this and that, for as much as out of the ashes of Guiacum you can draw, with a Lie, but very little fixed salt, and out of the Calx of Tartar a great deal. The reason of which is manifest from what I have already said.

CHAP. III. Of excessive or depraved Sweating, and the Cure for it.

SEeing our life is in a continual flux, therefore as we ought perpetually to make new additions to our bodies, so we must take away and carry off the old and ef∣fete matter. Wherefore, for the constant removing of all superfluous or incongruous particles, there are many ways of evacuating and purging; in the performing where∣of, notwithstanding Nature oftentimes knows no measure, and either makes a stop on this side, or goes beyond what is most convenient. How those evacuations (that lead from the circumference or outward circuit of the body inwards, and carry things off by a kind of particular Sink or common Shore) are to be moderated, or corrected as often as they offend either in excess or defect, I have shewn you before. The Rule of Method now requires, that I give you also directions how to cure Sweating (which is an evacuation very general and diffusive, tending from the centre toward the circum∣ference) when it is excessive or depraved.

And indeed that such a Distemper as this doth oftentimes happen, is very obvious to common observation. For nothing is more usual, than for some People that are sick of a Consumption or Scurvy, and others that recover at last with much ado, out of lingring Fevers; nay, some that have no other distemper, nor any evident cause for it, to be always subject to daily, and oftentimes very excessive Sweats. Therefore, * 1.88 concerning excessive Sweating, let us first enquire how many ways, and from what causes such an evacuation may arise; and then shew what remedies, and what me∣thods of Administration are most proper in such cases.

As to the first of these, frequent and immoderate Sweating is sometimes the sym∣ptom of some other present disease; for in a Consumption and the Scurvey (as I have already told you) this is familiar: the reason of which is, because when the Bloud, be∣ing either defiled with some impure and infectious matter, or in an ill temper, cannot rightly concoct and assimilate the nutritive juice that is perpetually poured into the * 1.89 mass thereof, it separates the same, which is still degenerous, and often gathered to a fulness with other recrements thereof, and throws it forth by Sweat.

The cure of this Sweating depends altogether upon the removal of that distemper whereof it is the symptom; and in the mean time concerning that, as to what belongs to the regulation of our diet, we may take a very useful and necessary observation from this symptom; that is to say, that when nocturnal and excessive Sweats attend that sort of Distempers, you must use a Diet of very thin Food, to wit, Milk, Water∣gruel, Barly-Broth and the like (whose gentle and soft particles the mass of bloud may bear) and not by any means of Flesh or stronger meats.

2. Excessive Sweating is sometimes the effect of another Distemper that is gone * 1.90 and past, as when it succeeds lingring Fevers: for it very frequently happens, that

burning Fevers end in sweating evacuations (as when an hot Summer ends in a rainy Autumn) so that scarce any one recovers from that tedious distemper without this indisposition left behind it; which yet in some People is moderate and easily to be cured, but in others more grievous and no less troublesom than that disease, of which it was the off-spring. I knew a young man, who after having been sick of a Quar∣tan Ague for ten Moneths, when he grew well again, and began to miss his Fits, melted each day into such excessive sweats, that he was fain to change his shirt and the sheets which were wet quite through (as if they had been dipped in Water) three times every night. By reason of this evacuation, which continued so for several weeks, his flesh was so consumed, and his strength so exhausted, that he was reduced to the thinness of a Skeleton. This person, when he had used several remedies without any great benefit, at last by drinking of Asses Milk night and morning, and using for the rest a Diet of Cows Milk, in a short time recovered.

In such cases as these the bloud perpetually rejecting its contents [or that which is in it] and as it were vomiting it out by the mouths of the Arteries, doth not onely im∣mediately * 1.91 cast forth the chyle that is poured into it out of the Bowels, but likewise sucking back both the nervous juice, and the substance or parenchyma of the solid parts for its own nourishment, it presently nauseates all that, as well as the nutritiv•…•… liquor, and expells them through the pores of the skin.

The chiefest cause of this Distemper seems to consist in an ill temper and weak∣ness * 1.92 of the bloud; in as much as the liquor of it, like sower Milk, is continually apt to dissolve and be precipitated into a serous nature; which is the reason that not onely its own corruptions, but also all other humours that flow into it from other parts, if they cannot be assimilated, are presently separated, and seeing the pores of the skin are very wide, are carried off by sweating, rather than any other way of evacuation. But whereas the bloud is disposed for fluidity or dissolution so much, the reason is many times, from the predominancy of the fluid or acid Salt (at in sower Milk) in the mass of it. But sometimes the nervous juice degenerating into a sharpness, is rather and more in the fault; for thereby the acid dreggy parts of it, being remanded or sent back into the bloud, dissolve the mass of it and precipitate it into a serous humour: and from such a cause I suppose the Diabetes and English sweating (as they called it, because it was peculiar to this Nation) had their originals.

Such excessive sweating as this, doth not proceed onely from the vitiation of the temper and fermentation of the bloud, but sometimes uses to arise from a depraved * 1.93 heat therein. How the bloud, which boyls up in a Fever through excess of Sulphur, breaks out now and then into sweats, I have shewn you before: but this symptom•…•… sometimes happeneth as much through the defect of Sulphur. For if at any time the Bloud being impoverished and made more watery, is less heated, for that reason, when∣ever it is forced into a more rapid motion than ordinary, through external heat or agitation of the body, the serous parts of it must of necessity (if they cannot be con∣sumed with heat, or exhale insensibly) be dissolved into sweat. Sulphur is lacking in the bloud, either because it is consumed, as after lingring Fevers, or because through scarcity of nutriment, there is not a sufficient quantity generated. This latter cause you may observe not onely in many men (who either having wanted provisions, or having used a Lenten Diet, after hard running or walking, fall presently into a sweat) but also very signally in some Beasts, which when they are fed with fresh Grass or Hay, sweat very much, and quickly tire upon any labour.

As to the cure of excessive sweating, which arises from the aforesaid causes and oc∣casions, the means to remedy it will be chiefly these three; to wit, First to remove * 1.94 or amend the ill temperature or weakness of the humours. Secondly, A little to con∣strain or close the pores of the skin which are too wide. And thirdly, To draw the Serum and watery recrements of the bloud toward the Reins.

1. The first is performed by such remedies as destroy the predominancy of the acid * 1.95 Salt in the bloud or nervous juice; and also such as promote the exaltation of the Sul∣phur if perchance it be deficient. To which ends antiscorbutical, chalybeate, and * 1.96 all Medicins that are prepared with volatile, nitrous, and alchalized Salt, are oftentimes useful; of each whereof I will here add some Receipts.

Take of Conserve of the Flowers of Succory and Fumitary, each ℥ ij. of Powder of Ivory, of Harts horn, and of prepared Coral, each ʒ j. of Pearls ʒ ss. of Species Diarrhod. Ab∣bati•…•… ʒ j. of Lignum Aloes, yellow and red Sanders, each ʒ ss. of Sal Prunellae ℈ iv. with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Fumitary: Make a Confection, and let the Patient

take the quantity of a Wallnut at Evening and in the Morning early, drinking there∣upon either of the following Julap or of distilled water ℥ iij.

Take of the Water of Fumitary and plain Wallnuts, each ℥ vj. of Snails and of Worms, * 1.97 each ℥ j. of Sugar ʒ vj. mingle them and make a Julap.

Take of the Tops of Beech, Tamarisk, and Cypress, each iv. handfulls, of Myrtle ij. hand∣fulls, * 1.98 of the Leaves of Watercresses, Brooklime, of Maudlin, of St. Johns wort, Harts Tongue, and Pauls Betony, each iij. handfulls, with the outward rinds of 12. Oranges, which when you have cut in pieces and bruised, pour to them of Mum viij. pints, distil∣ling it in the common Vessels, and mingle the whole liquor, and sweeten it at your plea∣sure. The Dose is ℥ iij. twice a day.

Take of the leaves of Pissabed, Water Cresses, Plantaign, and Brooklime, each iij. handfulls, * 1.99 bruise them, and pour to them of the distilled Water just now prescribed one pint, strain them hard. The Dose is from ℥ iij. to iv. in the morning at 9 of the Clock, and at 5 in the afternoon.

According to this method in a languidness of the strength, and nocturnal sweats af∣ter * 1.100 long Fevers do I use to prescribe; and if these remedies have not a good effect, then I am fain to proceed to Chalybeate or Steel Medicins.

Take of Syrup of Steel ℥ vj. and let the Patient take one spoonful in the morning and at 5 of * 1.101 the Clock in the afternoon with ℥ iij. of the Water before prescribed.

Take of the Powder of Ivory, and of prepared Coral, each ʒ ij. of Crocus of Iron, and of Salt * 1.102 of Steel, each ʒj. ss. make a Powder. The Dose is ʒss. twice a day, with ℥iij. of the same distilled Water.

Take of the Tincture of Salt of Tartar ℥ j. The Dose is from 20 to 30 drops twice a day * 1.103 with the distilled Water.

After the same manner you may give Tinctures drawn out of Coral, and likewise out of Gums and Balsams. Moreover in these cases Spirit of Hatts horn, of Piss or Soot are oftentimes given with success.

The second intention far the curing of excessive sweats, consists in a due constitu∣tion of the pores, and is performed for the most part by exteriour administrations; to * 1.104 which end you must use to anoint the whole body with Oil of Almonds, Palm Oil, Ointment made of Orange Flowers and the like; and wear linnen that is moistned with these things. Sometimes Bathing in cold Water, or in a River, and sometimes change of Air is good. Concerning the use of all which (since they are vulgarly known) I shall not need in this place to prescribe a particular Rule.

But here it seems necessary to say something concerning a certain troublesome Di∣stemper, * 1.105 tending toward excessive Sweating, or at least immoderate Transpiration. I have often observed that some men have had the pores (or instruments of Tran∣spiration) in their bodies so disposed, that they were injured by nothing more, than by the unusual approach of the Air; in so much that though they were well looked, lusty men, had a good appetite, slept well, were strong in their limbs, and seemed every way healthful, yet they could not endure even the least breath of the open air or wind, but they presently felt the greatest disturbance in their spirits, a faintness in all their faculties, and an indisposition in their whole bodies; which kind of disorder, though it be so slightly contracted, they do not either quickly or easily shake off, but recover themselves to their former state onely by length of time; and such as are inclined to this Distemper fear the air more than others do fire or water. Hence some of them dare not venture to go out of doors, whilest others living in a close Chamber, will not suffer either the door or window to be opened, and if perchance a small blast get in through any by-hole, they presently are very sensible of it, and suffer for it. I have known some that upon such an occasion have been kept in their Beds for several Moneths. I remember a Schoolmaster who was an healthy strong man, that for above ten years never went out of his Chamber, nor could be brought to it by any temptation or persuasions: and when after that, the house falling on fire, he was drag∣ged out by force, he was dangerously ill from that time for several Moneths, without any other hurt, or ailment. Others are afraid to walk or stand upon a Court or Pave∣ment

laid with Stone, Earth, or Bricks, as being used to get great injury thereby. Many other such like cases as these happen, which are attended with this infelicity al∣so, that few pity such as are so indisposed, and do not think them to be really sick save onely in their fansie.

That therefore we may a little inquire into the nature of this Distemper; I do not think that these people complain of nothing at all, but without doubt they do * 1.106 feel a kind of pain or indisposition, which is inflicted upon them either by the cold which they take, or the alteration of their way of transpiring: but to know certainly what it is, and wherein the reason of it consists, we must first of all consider, after what ordinary manner the particles of the ambient [or encompassing] air work upon the pores of our bodies, and affect their subjects, to wit, the animal Spirits, which are diffused about the surface of our bodies. For it is manifest that the animal Spirits, as being of an ethereal nature or constitution, are very much refreshed by the congenerous par∣ticles * 1.107 of air or light (so they come proportionably to them) and are moved to a plea∣sant kind of expansion [or breadthening of themselves.] So likewise the bloud, whilst in its circuit it passes through the outward borders of the body, doth there as it doth in the parts about the heart, not onely exhale its fuliginous parts through the mouths of the arteries, but also receives a nitrous matter to keep in the flame thereof, through the cavities of the veins. In order to these benefits of the bloud and animal spirits, the pores of the skin ought to be rightly fashioned, and opened in such manner, as that the particles of air and light, being a little rarified, may strike against the outmost sur∣face of both those substances in a moderate quantity and with a gentle fall. For otherwise, if the approach of the agent to the one or other of those patients, or to both of them together, be disproportionate, immediately disturbances arise in this or that, or in both parts of the soul together. For if the spirits that are outward, are ei∣ther weak, infirm, and soon scattered in themselves, or exposed to the open and sharp air, by reason that the pores are too wide, it often happens that they are put into flights and distractions upon every slight occasion; in so much that the party hath pains, con∣vulsions, or weakness, not onely in several places about the outward parts of his body; but oftentimes taking cold (as they call it) is attended with a faintiness of the whole soul, which is not soon nor easily relieved. And indeed hence it is, that the afore∣said disorders in Transpiration do chiefly arise, in as much as the sensitive Soul, being not either strong enough, or not well guarded, is too much exposed to the injuries of the external air; and consequently upon the brisker appulse thereof, is disturbed either in this or that part, or in its whole substance at once, and forced into disorders which are not easily allayed. Moreover hence also it is, that the flamy part of the soul is usually affected and disturbed by consent no less than in it self, through the disproportionate accession of the Air. For the nervous fibres and branches being con∣tracted into wrinklings and convulsions, do variously bind the bloud vessels, which are tied about by them, so that the bloud is put into inordinate floatings. And besides that, the mass of bloud of it self suffers very much for the faults of depraved Transpi∣ration both in its heat and temperature. In respect of the former, the vital flame, which shines about the surface of the body is usually forced by any hard or sharp blast upon it to twinkle or tremble and divers inequalities, whereby the whole soul is shockt. And then it is well known that the mixture of the bloud is not in more danger from any thing than from a vitiated transpiration: for from hence proceed those dissolutions and precipitations of the Serum in the mass thereof, by which Ca∣tarrhs, Coughs, Asthmatick, Nephritick, and Athritick Fits are caused.

From what I have said it will be easie to shew you the true nature, with the causes and cure of the Distemper, which we now treat of. For when any one contracts a * 1.108 pain or a numness, or a palsie on the sudden in any member, through the approach of cold or the open Air, the reason of it is, because the animal spirits that abound in the membranous fibres, being smitten and put to flight, are driven into distractions; and if, besides that, there happen upon such an occasion a languishment in the whole body, and a weakness in the parts, not onely one party of the spirits, but the whole substance, or the sensitive soul in general, seems to suffer for it. Which being smitten and there∣by contracted and shortned into a lesser compass, sinks within the organs of the body, and suffers the faculties thereof to grow lank or slack. But, more then all this, if any one that is carelesly exposed to the Air, happens in a short time to have a swelling, Inflammation, Tooth-ach, Catarrh, Cough, or Pleurisie, or if a Chilness comes upon him, attended presently with a Feverish heat or burning, it is a sign that the bloud no less than the animal spirits is affected by the disproportionate appulse of the Air, and consequently that the liquor thereof being either disturbed in its motion or heating, is disposed toward feverish ebullitions, or being dissolved in its mixture, is forced to va∣rious

fusions and precipitations of the serous liquor. It would be in this place a vast and a painful work to describe all those distempers, which sometimes owe their ori∣ginal to such a cause. Hence oftentimes comes the Headach, swimming in the brain, Drowziness, Catarrhs, Inflammation in the Eyes, the Quinzy, Blear-eyedness, the Cough, Vomiting, Loosness, and a thousand other Maladies, in so much that the Vul∣gar use to reduce the evident causes of almost all Diseases to these two heads, to wit, Hard drinking over night, and catching cold.

I have hitherto described the formal reason, and conjunct causes of Perspiration; * 1.109 but as to the procatarctical or predisposing cause of it, by reason whereof some are more apt to catch cold than other some, I affirm, that this consists either in the vitia∣tion of the animal spirits, or of the Bloud, or Pores, that is to say, of one or more of them together.

1. The animal spirits are sometimes in fault, because being very weak, they cannot * 1.110 endure any hard or rough thing that is outwardly applied to them, but are immediate∣ly upon the appulse of the open air, put into flights and distractions; as many People after long sickness are afraid to stay in the air, and as soon as they go out of doors, many times fall into relapses. Moreover the Spirits sometimes incline to that disor∣der in Sweating, in as much as being degenerated, and having gained a sharp and rest∣less nature, they are put into disorders upon every approach of the air. Wherefore those who grow hypochondriacal by reason of their spirits being so disposed, are like∣wise obnoxious to the distemper which I have described, and are disturbed with cold upon every slight occasion.

2. The Bloud disposes us to the habit of a depraved Transpiration upon a double * 1.111 account; to wit, both in respect of its temperament, and the mixture of it. As to the latter, the constitution of the bloud is oftentimes so loose and dissolute, that it is al∣tered upon every little occasion (and especially by the appulse of the cold or humid air) into fluxions and precipitations of the Serum; in so much that those who have such bloud, dare not by any means to go abroad, or scarce so much as even to look out at their Windows. But the mass of Bloud being often hot and very vaporous in its temperament, exhales such particles as are excessive sharp and penetrating; by which whilest the Pores of the skin are too much opened and made wider, not onely the spirits, but the vital flame are exposed, more than they ought to be, to the injuries of the open air and the wind.

Thirdly, An ill constitution of the Pores, proceeding either from sickness or other∣wise, * 1.112 or which is natural and inbred, inclines very much to this habit of depraved sweating. For if those passages are too wide, and almost always gaping, the bloud and spirits are not sufficiently guarded in the whole or certain parts, against the ap∣pulse of the external air. Such a wideness of the Pores is in some men inbred and na∣tural, as in those that have a soft and loose skin; their skin is commonly thin and very porous. It also is usually contracted by several sorts of accidents: as, after a sweating Diet continued for a long time, and likewise after frequent sweats, that use to break forth about the declinations of Fevers, the Pores of the skin being a long time extended and widened, gape a good while after, and continue more open almost always.

This Malady, though it do not threaten death, yet because it renders a mans life * 1.113 very uneasie, or altogether useless, it very well deserves a Cure; in order whereunto three things are most chiefly to be taken care of; to wit, first, that the weakness or dejections, or depauperations of the spirits and the bloud be remedied. Secondly, The ill temper of them both (if any such thing there is) be removed. Thirdly, That you cause a due conformation of the Pores.

1. The main matter in this affair, is to look after the first intention, as far as that * 1.114 concerns the corroboration of the animal spirits, or the enlarging of the whole sensi∣tive soul: for unless you can persuade the Patients to take courage so far as to attempt going out of doors, exercising their utmost strength, and accustoming their nature to aspire unto things that are more difficult every day than other, all Medicins are in vain; upon which account they will want good Diet and cheerful company, as much as Physick; that the quantity of animal spirits may be daily renewed and augmented, and more than that, receive new strength from repeated and greater attempts: to wihch ends generous Wines, and delicate Victuals, in moderate quantity, are very con∣ducive. And again, They must lay aside all study and care (whereby the soul is de∣pressed) and spend their time in sport and recreations, or moderate exercises. By such a kind of life as this, rightly mannaged, as the animal spirits are very much re∣freshed, so the decays and impoverishments of the Bloud, are restored.

For the same ends also the following Medicins may be given with good suc∣cess.

Take of Succinum Ammoniacum, a convenient quantity, and let the Patient take from xv. to xx. drops, at night and early in the morning, in a spoonful of the following di∣stilled * 1.115 Water, drinking upon it ix. spoonfuls of the same.

Take of the Leaves of Sage, Rosemary, Time, Savory, Marjoram, and Coastmarry, each iv. handfuls, of the Roots of Angelica and Masterwort, each ℥ vj. of Zedoary, the lesser * 1.116 Galingal, Sweet Cane and Orice, each ℥ j. ss. of Cubebs ℥ j. ss. of Nutmegs, Cloves, and Cinnamon, each ℥ j. the outward rind of xij. Oranges and vj. Limons, cut them, bruise them, and pour to them of White Wine and Canary, each iv. pints. Distil them in the common Instruments: mingle all the liquor and sweeten it with Sugar of Pearl. In the distilling of it hang in the top of the Limbeck a little bag of ℈ j. of Amber grise, and ℈ss. of Musk.

Take of the Tincture of Antimony or Balsam of Tolu ℥ j. and let the Patient take from xv. * 1.117 to xx. drops in the morning at nine of the Clock, and five in the afternoon, in a spoonful of the Water prescribed, drinking thereu•…•…on ℥ iij. of the fame, or rather in the morning let him drink upon it a draught of Tea, or Coffee, or Chocolate made with the Decoction of Sage.

A little before Dinner let him take a draught of Sherry.

When you have used these Medicins for some time, and have a mind to leave them off, take these that follow in their stead.

In the room of the Spirit take a Dose of the following Electuary every night and morning, with the destilled Water, or Viper Wine.

Take of the rind of Citron wet preserved ℥ j. ss. of Myrabolans preserved ℥ j. of Natmeg * 1.118 and preserved Ginger, each ℥ ss. of the Confection of Jacinth and Alchermes, each ʒ iij. of Pearl prepared, and of red Coral prepared, each ʒ j. ss. with Syrap of the juice of Cher∣mes: and make an Electuary.

For your ordinary Drink take Physick Ale, prepared in manner following; that is to say, into a Vessel of iv. Gallons put the following Bag: * 1.119

Take an old Cock half boyled and cut into small pieces, and of the Leaves of Sage and Harts tongue dried, each ij. handfuls, Dates shredded in number vj. of the shavings of Sassafras ℥ ij. shred them and bruise them, and then mix them, and make a Bag, to be put in after the Ale hath done working.

2. The second intention, that undertakes to mend the ill temper or depraved nature of the spirits and the bloud, is performed by the same remedies, which are proper in the * 1.120 hypochondriacal and melancholy Distemper; wherefore from the Cure of those Diseases, which I have formerly set forth, the Forms of their Prescriptions may be made use of in this place.

3. As to the third Intention, which instructs us in the due Method of using Cloths, Air, Fire, and Food, far the regulation of the Pores, it doth not much concern a Physician. * 1.121 For the Parties affected, measuring themselves and their strength accor∣ding to their own imagination, put on such Cloths, keep themselves close up in their Chambers, lie in Bed, and sit by the Fire, even as long or as much as they please, never hearking to the advise either of Friends or Doctors. Whatever other People tell them concerning those things, they for the most part reject in confidence of their own ex∣perience, and the good or hurt which they have found. The onely counsel that they most commonly use to take, and is most helpful, is this, that they ought to change the Air and the Soil where they live, which oftentimes alters their minds also. For let them be never so imprisoned in their Houses or close Chambers, yet when they go into foreign Countries, where they breath in hotter and more serene Air, it is hardly credible how soon they recover. So much of depraved or perverted Transpi∣ration; the Theory of which Distemper, I therefore delivered the more fully, because it is left untouched by others: Now let us return thither, from whence we digressed, and treat of excessive Sweating.

There remains still another sort of this Distemper, called immoderate Sweating, which is, not as the former, an effect or symptom af any present or past Disease; but is at the very first beginning either a Disease by it self, or the Parent of some morbid Distemper. To the former of which belongs chiefly that pestilent Sweating, which * 1.122 was heretofore amongst our Countrymen, and therefore through the whole World called by the name of The English Sweat; into the caufe of which we will by and by inquire. But to say nothing here of the bloud, black, or blue foetid, or sweet Sweat, (of which good Authors make mention, and of some whereof we have now and then made observation) I have often taken notice, that some People have fallen into an habit of sweating, without any manifest cause; and then that the evacuation being daily augmented, hath increased many times to great excess; in so much, that the moisture (of the whole Body seemed to be poured forth into Sweat. And indeed it is no won∣der that this Distemper, when it is once begun, should daily augment; for those that sweat much or often, are very thirsty, and consequently drink to excess, and so the more they drink the more they sweat: by which means these two do mutually take the turns of the Cause and the Effect, and by a long series produce one another. There lives yet in this Kingdom a noble Lady, famous for her extraordinary, or rather * 1.123 stupendous sweating these many years last past, who every night doth not onely wet, or rather deluge her Linen and all the cloths about the Bed, but likewise puts a Basin under her thighs, into which several ounces, nay according to the vulgar relation, se∣veral pounds of meer Sweat drop from her; and in the mean time she is forced by her continual urgent thirst, to drink more than ordinary, whereby as her strength is re∣stored, so her sweating is prolonged. I had the story of this strange indisposition, not onely from other persons of good credit, but from the Ladies own mouth, though I never was consulted in order to the recovery of her health. But she took several remedies from several Physicians, tried many methods concerning Diet, and the re∣gulation of the Six Non-naturals, drank Waters of almost every kind, and tried the Air of foreign Countries, especially of France; but notwithstanding all this, the Noble Lady is still troubled with this extraordinary dropping. Now seeing I have yet known nothing of what happened about the beginning, progress, and alteration of this Distem∣per, or what was observable concerning those things that gave her ease or pain, and that I had the honour only once to see, and talk with her no more than just en passant, it * 1.124 will not be easie for me to give you the reason of this case: but however I may be allowed to guess, that in this, as in other instances of Nature, the Serum of the Bloud being apt to separate too easily, left the ordinary paslages of evacuation through the reins, lymphaeducts, and other ways, and having first occasionally begun to go this way through the pores of the skin, and afterward facilitated its motion by a kind of habit, affected, and constantly observed the same; to which perhaps we may add, that the predominancy of the fluid Salt in the bloud and nervous juice, causeth a con∣tinual fusion of the Bloud, and a plentiful separation of the Serum. To cure this Distem∣per, now since it is confirmed by a long habit, and that the oeconomy of Nature also is quite inverted by it, I cannot tell whether any Medicins or Method of Physick would do any good upon her. For my part, I did not think fit to propose any to her, when I had formerly the opportunity to speak with her. If that great Remedy for a vitiated Transpiration, to wit, Change of Air, be repeated, I would have her go no more to France, but Denmark or Swedeland.

It would be pertinent in this place to treat a little concerning the English Sweat, * 1.125 which was formerly so rife, not onely among our Countrymen at home, but also a∣broad, and that in a very fatal degree. But yet seeing this Distemper hath not been known within an Age last past, and we cannot know the nature of it but by the Writings of others, I must not contrive any Hypothesis concerning the nature and causes thereof, but onely after the Story, which I take of it out of Authors, lay before you my own Conjectures.

The English Sweat began in the year 1485 about the beginning of the Month August, * 1.126 and continued to the end of October; and though Sennertus saith that this Malady was from that time 40 years familiar and continually in this Country, yet our Countrymen, both Physicians and Historians, who lived either at that time or near it, observed that it had perfect and great intervals: and when it returned only four times in the space of 66 years, to wit, in the year 1506. 1517. 1528. 1551. it raged scarce ever above 6 months, and sometimes was gone in 3 months time, and that there was always a very wet season be∣fore it came. But every year that it was rife, it destroyed a vast number of men in all places, in so much that when and whereever it reigned, a third part of the People were missing in a short time. So great was the malignity thereof, that as soon as it invaded any City, it would every day seize upon five or six hundred persons, and of

those that were sick at first, scarce the hundredth man escaped. I thought good here to insert that compendious and methodical description of this Disease which Senner∣tus hath given us, and which is also consonant to that of our own Authors. Those that were seized with this Distemper, were presently weakened without any Bubo, * 1.127 Carbuncles, Breaking out, or Languidness, and fainted in their Spirits with extreme feebleness in their limbs, restlessness, heart-burning, head-ach, frequent, quick, and unequal pulses, with very great palpitation of the heart; but they flowed with per∣petual and copious Sweating, which was not ended before the Distemper was over, which happened within 24 hours. For those that did not provoke Sweat, nor use Cordials, and those that endured heat more impatiently and caught cold, they all died suddenly within 24 hours. But afterward when the nature of this Distemper was known, and that it did People good to provoke Sweat and use Cordials to fortifie themselves, fewer died of it. [Sen. of Fevers b. 4. ch. 15.] Concerning the Cure of it Poly∣dore Virgil writes somewhat more accurately. After many Experiments and Obser∣vations * 1.128 made by the sick, from things that were helpful and hurtful, it came to pass at last, that they found out a present remedy for each person, which was this. If any man were taken with Sweating in the day time, that he should forthwith go to bed in his cloths; if in the night and in bed, then that he should lie still, and not stir out of the place for four and twenty hours together; and that in the mean time he should so load himself with cloths, as not to provoke the Sweat very strongly, but let it drop gently from him of its own accord; that he should eat nothing, if he could endure to abstain so long; nor drink more of his usual warmed liquor, than was moderately enough to quench his thirst. But all the while that he was about this Cure, he should take care not to put so much as his hand or his foot out of the Bed to cool or refresh them, which to do is mortal. Others say, that all that space of a night and a day, the Party was totally to abstain from sleeping. This Distemper, be∣cause it usually ended, after so short a time, in life or death, was called by many Phy∣sicians, Febris Ephemera, or a Fever of a days continuance. Those that recovered of this pestilent sweating, after they had continued for a time well, fell many of them into it a second, and some of them also a third time.

From these appearances, that we may presume to give you the reason of this dire * 1.129 Distemper, in the first place we may guess, that the formal reason, and likewise the conjunct cause of that pestilent sweating consisted in this, that the Bloud being infe∣cted by meeting with some malignant or venomous matter, and consequently there∣upon dissolved in its temperament, and melted into Serum, was immediately put into a sweat, (as being the universal, and also the most copious way of evacuation) in or∣der to expel that virulent mixture; by which evacuation, if perchance it happened that all the venomous particles were straight carried off, the Distemper ended in a short time with health, but otherwise very often with death.

But here I must in order make inquiry, whether that malignant matter was first generated in the Bloud, or whether it flowed into it from other parts? If you say the former, you must suppose that the mass of Bloud, as in the Plague, had contracted a putrefactive quality by the malignant constitution of the season and the Air; which afterward, either of its own accord, in as much as it was raised to a fulness, or by con∣tagion, did, as it had been set on fire, break forth into a dangerous, and oftentimes corruptive swelling. But that which makes me not believe it to be so in this malig∣nant * 1.130 Sweating, is this above all other things, that no signs appeared either before, or after, or in the fit of the Blouds being corruptive or much vitiated. For besides that this Fever is not very high, nor attended with Spots, Breakings out, Buboes, and other signs of the Blouds being venomed or in a great heat, it also is over in a night and a day; which scarce ever uses to happen in Distempers that are deeply rooted within the mass of Bloud.

Wherefore I am rather inclined to think that the original cause of this Distemper, * 1.131 being first founded in the nervous liquor, is from thence communicated to the bloud, whilest the tragedy of this malignant sweating is transacted. For I suppose that the aforesaid liquor, which moisteneth all the fibres in the whole Body, and is the vehicle of the animal spirits in all parts, is degenerated, through the unseasonableness of the year, from its due crasis, that is to say, from its spirituo-saline volatile nature, toward a sower, or other more vitiated, and at last, malignant quality; and when it comes to that state of depravation, that either of its own accord, through fulness, or being stirred up by the ferment of the contagion, it begins to swell, or dissolve, being forced out of those irritated parts, and flowing into the mass of Bloud, it presently poisons it throughout, relaxeth the constitution of it, and puts it into a most excessive heat, or boyling, in order to expel and throw that off. Hence plenteous Sweats (because

this is not onely the nighest but the largest way of evacuation) break forth; by which extreme endeavour of Nature, if perchance it so happen that all the poison is reman∣ded out of the bloud into the habit of the Body, and that thence it be quite cast out by an universal and sometime continued Sweat, health in a short time appears, like Sun-shine after Clouds are totally dispersed; but if the venomous particles are not suddenly nor altogether routed by that fermentation and endeavour to separate them, into which the Bloud is put, in order to expel the malignant matter, the mass of Bloud becomes, not onely by being deprived of its Serum, but vitiated, and over∣powered in its Nature, unable any longer to prolong, or keep in the vital flame.

From hence it will be no hard matter to assign what are the causes of its Symptoms, * 1.132 and the reasons of the empirical or quack Cure thereof. For whereas when the Dis∣ease was upon them, or about the first approach of it, before the Fever seemed to be kindled, immediately an unusual languishing, a faintness of the spirits, a great weak∣ness in the limbs, an headach, palpitation of the heart with frequent, quick, and une∣qual pulses, and other indispositions in the nerves did afflict the persons that were sick of it, it was a sign that the nervous parts were affected or put out of order before the bloud, and that from them the malady derived its original.

2. Whereas plentiful Sweat (which was not onely symptomatical, but sometimes also critical) arises about the beginning of this Fever, quite contrary to what it doth in most others, the reason is, because the morbifick liquor which flowes out of the nervous fibres and other parts into the mass of bloud, is thencc immediately thrown back upon its very first arrival, nor is it permitted to stay any considerable time in the bloud, or to be intimately mingled therewith. For when a man is not very well, the nervous liquor scarce ever agrees with the bloud; wherefore if at any time that flows into this, it is presently forced out again, and being, before it is infected with the leyish tincture, sent away through the reins, it causeth a flux of clear Urin; which I have often observed to happen in convulsive Distempers. But if the nervous liquor being degenerated or depraved, flows back continually into the Bloud, it produces sometimes * 1.133 an unbloudy Flux or Dysentery (such as I before described) and sometimes a Diabetes, as I shewed you in the foregoing Discourse. But I have formerly evinced that can∣crous strumous, schirrhous, and other ill tumours do arise by reason of the lesser and more private setlings or stagnations of the same humour. Now in the Distemper, of which we at present treat, that nervous liquor, if it be very malignant and pestilent, it poisons the Bloud at the first touch, and dissolveth it into a Serum which must be im∣mediately carried off by Sweat; for otherwise if it be suffered to stay some hours in the mass of Bloud, to circulate, and be intimately commixt with it, it totally corrupts, and plainly mortifies the same: hence in that method of curing it, found out by fre∣quent experiments, they take such diligent care, that upon the first approach of the Distemper, the Parties that are troubled with it are the same moment (without staying to pluck off their cloths, or to go into bed) covered all over with the Bed-cloths and composed to sweat, continuing thereupon an equal sweat through their whole Body, for 24 hours; in so much that in the mean time they are not suffered to stir hand nor foot, or to take either meat, or sleep; that is, they do nothing at all, to make that pe∣stilent liquor mix either in greater quantity or more intimately with the Bloud, or to hinder the sudden and total exclusion thereof. Now if such sudden, plenteous and equal sweating caused by the instinct of Nature and regulated by Physick, be conti∣nued so long, that all the venom exhales through the pores of the skin, the Patients perfectly recover without breakings out in the skin, a lingring Fever, long weakness, nightly sweats, and other consequences of vitiated Blood. But in as much as the ner∣vous liquor, after its corruptions are so purged forth, is apt again in the same manner to be depraved, and after that, being disturbed through fulness or contagion, to flow back out of the nervous parts into the Bloud, and to envenom that likewise, it there∣fore happened, that some men after they were perfectly well, were seized by the same Distemper a second, yea sometimes a third time. It will not be necessary here to subjoin any forms of Prescriptions in this case, because the whole business of the Cure depends for the most part upon a right ordering of the Patient. Besides it would be very absurd to prescribe a remedy or a method to cure a Disease that is so unusual among us, and which we hope will never return again; or if perchance it doth hereafter come upon us again, it is uncertain, whether we ought to observe the same rules in curing of it.

Notes

• * 1.1

  One way to take in, but many to let things out of the body.
• * 1.2

  The reason of it is intimated.
• * 1.3

  Physick supplies the defect of na∣tural evacua∣tions.
• * 1.4

  How Sweating differs from Purging.
• * 1.5

  The matter of Sweat is either Elementary or Humoral.
• * 1.6

  1. What are the particles of the first.
• * 1.7

  What the second consists of.
• * 1.8

  Three things re∣quired in sweat∣ing.
• * 1.9

  The first, that the bloud circu∣late more swift∣ly than it uses.
• * 1.10

  Which depends partly upon the bloud, and part∣ly upon the ani∣mal spirits.
• * 1.11

  How upon the bloud.
• * 1.12

  And how upon the animal spi∣rits.
• * 1.13

  2. The second condition of Sweating is, that bloud be loose and dis∣solved.
• * 1.14

  3. The third condition is, that the pores be wide enough.
• * 1.15

  The causes of excessive Sweat∣ing are intima∣ted.
• * 1.16

  1. Of whlch the first is, an ill temper of the bloud, or a weakness in it, &c.
• * 1.17

  2. An obstru∣ction of the pas∣sage of the Se∣rum the usual ways.
• * 1.18

  The third is openness of the Pores.
• * 1.19

  The true nature and immediate cause of Sweat.
• * 1.20

  The remote cau∣ses of it.
• * 1.21

  The evident causes of Sweat,
• * 1.22

  1. Commotions in the Body:
• * 1.23

  Or in the Mind.
• * 1.24

  2. The ambient heat, or heat, of the Air, &c.
• * 1.25

  3. Hindering of usual Transpi∣ration.
• * 1.26

  4. Hot things taken inward∣ly.
• * 1.27

  The difference of Sweats.
• * 1.28

  The causes of a cold Sweat.
• * 1.29

  How Sweating Medicins ought to be qualified.
• * 1.30

  The general reason of their operation.
• * 1.31

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…e∣dicins are like Cordia s.
• * 1.32

  The matter of Hydroticks is either the in e∣gral parts of a mixt body;
• * 1.33

  Or Elementary.
• * 1.34

  1. Those of the former sort.
• * 1.35

  How they ope∣rate.
• * 1.36

  2. Hydroticks whose particles are Elementary, of what kind, and how many fold they are.
• * 1.37

  1. Spirituous ones.
• * 1.38

  2. Salt o•…•…s.
• * 1.39

  How they work.
• * 1.40

  The several states of their saline particles.
• * 1.41

  How Sweats ought to be ad∣ministred.
• * 1.42

  Time and Sub∣ject must he cho∣sen most conve∣nient for sweat∣ing.
• * 1.43

  What are the Forms of Dia∣phoretick Me∣dicins.
• * 1.44

  Such as have the integral parts of a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 body for their basis.
• * 1.45

  The Receipts of them.
• * 1.46

  Powders.
• * 1.47

  2. Boluss•…•…s.
• * 1.48

  3. Potions.
• * 1.49

  A D coction.
• * 1.50

  Infusions and Tinctures.
• * 1.51

  Chymical Tin∣ctures.
• * 1.52

  5. Diets.
• * 1.53

  Diaphoreticks that are easily get.
• * 1.54

  Forms of Chy∣mical Diapho∣reticks.
• * 1.55

  1 Such as have spirituous par∣ticles for their foundation.
• * 1.56

  2. Such as have spirituous par∣ticles united with others.
• * 1.57

  Distilled W•…•…∣ters.
• * 1.58

  3. Those whose basis is Salt.
• * 1.59

  1. Such as con∣sist of fixed or volatile Salt.
• * 1.60

  Their Forms or Receipts.
• * 1.61

  Powders.
• * 1.62

  Bol•…•…sis.
• * 1.63

  Liquors.
• * 1.64

  Such whose ba∣sis is nitrous Salt.
• * 1.65

  Those whose ba∣sis is as acid Salt.
• * 1.66

  Potions.
• * 1.67

  Sulphureous Diaphoreticks.
• * 1.68

  Pills.
• * 1.69

  The Prepara∣tion of Bezoar∣ticum Minerale.
• * 1.70

  The reason of it.
• * 1.71

  Antimony Dia∣phoretick.
• * 1.72

  The reason of it.
• * 1.73

  Ceruss of Anti∣mony.
• * 1.74

  Flower of Sal Armoniack.
• * 1.75

  The variation of this method.
• * 1.76

  4. Spirit of Sal Armoniack.
• * 1.77

  The reason of the operation.
• * 1.78

  T•…•… Spirit of Sal Armo•…•…iack hath no Sulpher in it as that of Harts horn, &c. hath.
• * 1.79

  And why.
• * 1.80

  That Spirit is distilled with slacked Lime and Lie of ashes
• * 1.81

  5. Spirit of Soot, Harts horn, &c.
• * 1.82

  6. Spirits of Guiacum, Box, and the like.
• * 1.83

  The reason of if.
• * 1.84

  7. Rosin of Guiacum.
• * 1.85

  The reason of it.
• * 1.86

  8. Spirit of Tartar.
• * 1.87

  The reason of-the Preparation.
• * 1.88

  Excessive swea∣ting is a Di∣stemper too fre∣quent.
• * 1.89

  Sometimes it is the symptom of another disease.
• * 1.90

  2. It is also sometimes the effect of another disease.
• * 1.91

  The reason of it.
• * 1.92

  The cause of ex∣•…•…essive Sweat∣ing. Partly from the ill temper of the •…•…loud.
• * 1.93

  Partly from want of heat in it.
• * 1.94

  The Cure of it; which is per∣formed by doing three things.
• * 1.95

  1. The first In∣dication.
• * 1.96

  To take away the ill temper of the humours.
• * 1.97

  A Julap.
• * 1.98

  A distilled water.
• * 1.99

  An Expression or sque•…•…zing out of a liquor.
• * 1.100

  Chalybeates or Steel Medicins.
• * 1.101

  A Syrup.
• * 1.102

  A Powder.
• * 1.103

  Tinctures.
• * 1.104

  The second In∣tention consists in the altera∣tion of the pores
• * 1.105

  Of that Distem∣per, which is commonly called An aptness to catch cold.
• * 1.106

  The reason is inqui•…•…ed into.
• * 1.107

  How the Bloud and Spirits are affected by the ambient Air.
• * 1.108

  The aforesaid Symptoms pro∣ceed from their being affected.
• * 1.109

  The Original of this Disease con∣sists,
• * 1.110

  Partly in the Spirits;
• * 1.111

  Partly in the Blous.
• * 1.112

  3. An ill con∣stitution of the Pores.
• * 1.113

  Toe Cure of •…•…t.
• * 1.114

  1. The first In∣tention is the corroborating of the spiri•…•…s.
• * 1.115

  A Spirit.
• * 1.116

  A Distilled Water.
• * 1.117

  A Ti•…•…ure.
• * 1.118

  An Electuary.
• * 1.119

  Physick Al•…•….
• * 1.120

  2. The second Intention.
• * 1.121

  3. The third Intention, which is, the al∣teration of the Pores.
• * 1.122

  The third sort of sweating, which is a Dis∣ease of it self.
• * 1.123

  A notable Sto∣ry of it.
• * 1.124

  The reason of it.
• * 1.125

  Of the English Sweat.
• * 1.126

  The Story of it.
• * 1.127

  The Description of it out of Sennertus.
• * 1.128

  The Cure of it is described out of Polydore Virgil.
• * 1.129

  The reason of it inquired into.
• * 1.130

  The primary cause of it.
• * 1.131

  In the nervous liquor.
• * 1.132

  The reasons of the symptoms.
• * 1.133

  An unbloudy Dys••ntery and a Diabetes pro∣ceed from the same cause as this Disease does.