A key into the language of America, or, An help to the language of the natives in that part of America called New-England together with briefe observations of the customes, manners and worships, &c. of the aforesaid natives, in peace and warre, in life and death : on all which are added spirituall observations, generall and particular, by the authour ... / by Roger Williams ...

CHAP. XXV. Of buying and selling. (Book 25)

ANaqushaūog, or	Traders.
Anaqushánchick
Anaqushénto.	Let us trade.
Cuttasha?	Have you this or that?
Cowachaūnum?
Nitasha.	I have.
Nowachaūnum.
Nquénowhick.	I want this, &c.
Nowèkineam.	I like this.
Nummachinámmin.	I doe not like.
Máunetash nqué∣nowhick.	I want many things.
Cuttattaúamish.	I will buy this of you.
Nummouanaquish.	I come to buy.
Mouanaqushaúog,	Chapmen.
Mouanaqushanchick.

Obs. Amongst themselves they trade their Corne, skins, Coates, Venison, Fish, &c. and sometimes come ten or twenty in a Compa∣ny to trade amongst the English.

They have some who follow onely making of Bowes, some Arrowes, some Dishes, and

(the Women make all their earthen Vessells) some follow fishing, some hunting: most on the Sea-side make Money, and store up shells in Summer against Winter whereof to make their money.

Nummautanaqúsh.	I have bought.
Cummanohamin?	Have you bought?
Cummanohamoùsh.	I will buy of you.
Nummautanóhamin.	I have bought.
Kunnauntatáuamish.	I come to buy this.
Comaunekunnúo?	Have you any Cloth?
Kop•…•…ócki.	Thick cloth.
Wass•…•…ppi.	Thin.
Súckinuit.	Black or blackish.
M•…•…shquinuit.	Red Cloth.
Wómpinuit.	White Cloath.

Obs. They all generally prize a Mantle of English or Dutch Cloth before their owne wearing of Skins and Furres, because they are warme enough and Lighter.

Wompeqūayi.

Cloth inclining to white,

Which they like not, but desire to have a sad coulour without any whitish haires, suit∣ing with their owne naturall Temper, which inclines to sadnesse.

Etouwawâyi.	Wollie on both sides.
Muckucki.	Bare without Wool.

Chechéke maútsha.	Long lasting.
Qúnnascat.	Of a great breadth.
Tióckquscat.	Of little breadth.
Wùss.	The Eage or list.
Aumpácunnish.	Open it.
Tuttepácunnish.	Fold it up.
Mat Weshegga∣núnno.	There is no Wool on it.
Tanógganish.	Shake it.
Wúskinuit.	New Cloth.
Tanócki, tanócksha.	It is torne or rent.
Eatawûs.	It is Old.
Quttaûnch	Feele it.
Audtà	A paire of small breech∣es or Apron.

Cuppáimish I will pay you, which is a word newly made from the English word pay.

Tahenaúatu?	What price?
Tummòck cummé∣•…•…sh.	I will pay you Beaver.
Tea•…•…guock Cum∣méinsh.	I will give you Money.
Wauwunnégachick.	Very good.

Obs. They have great difference of their Coyne. as the English have: some that will not passe without Allowance, and some again made of a Counterfeit shell, and their very

black counterfeited by a Stone and other Ma∣terialls: yet I never knew any of them much deceived, for their danger of being deceived (in these things of Earth) makes them caute∣lous.

Cosaúmawem.	You aske too much.
Kuttiackqussaûwaw.	You are very hard.
Aquie iackqussaūme.	Be not so hard.
Aquie Wussaúmo∣wash.	Doe not aske so much.
Tashin Commê∣sim?	How much shall I give you?
Kutteaûg Commé∣insh.	I will give you your Mo∣ney.
Nkèke Comméinsh.	I will give you an Otter.
Coanombúqusse Kuttassokakómme.	You have deceived me.

Obs. Who ever deale or trade with them, had need of Wisedome, Patience, and Faith∣fulnesse in dealing: for they frequently say Cuppàmanem, you lye, Cuttassokakómme, you deceive me.

Misquésu Kunúkkeke	Your Otter is reddish.
Yo aúwusse Wunnê∣gin	This is better.
Yo chippaúatu.	This is of another price.
Augausaúatu.	It is Cheap.
Muchickaúatu.	It is deare.

Wuttunnaúatu.	It is worth it.
Wunishaūnto.	Let us agree.
Aquie neesquttónck qussish.	Doe not make adoe.
Wuchè nquittomps∣cat.	About a penny.

They are are marvailous subtle in their Bargaines to save a penny: And very suspi∣cious that English men labour to deceive •…•…hem: Therefore they will beate all markets •…•…nd try all places, and runne twenty thirty, •…•…ea. forty mile, and more, and lodge in the Woods, to save six pence.

Cummámmenash nitteaūguash?	Will you have my Mo∣ney?
Nonânum.	I cannot.
Noonshem.
•…•…awhitch nonanum êan?	Why can you not?
•…•…achage nkòckie.	I get nothing.
•…•…ashaumskussayi commêsim?	How many spans will you give me?
Neesaumsqussayi.	Two spans.
•…•…hwaumscussayi.	Three spans.
•…•…owompscussayi.	Foure Spans.
•…•…apannetashaums∣cussâyi.	Five spans.
•…•…uttatashaumskus Sayi.	Six spans.

Endatashaumscussâyi.	Seven spans.
Enadacashaumskut∣tonâyi.	Seven spans.
Cowénaweke.	You are a rich man.

Obs. They will often confesse for their own ends that the English are richer and wiser and valianter then themselves; yet it is for their owne ends, and therefore they adde Nanoūo, give me this or that a disease which they are generally infected with: some more ingenu∣ous, scorne it; but I have often seene an Indi∣an with great quanties of money about him beg a Knife of an English man, who happily hath had never a peny of money.

Aketash-tamòke.	Tell my money.
Now annakese.	I have mis-told.
Cosaumakese.	You have told too much.
Cunnoonakese.	You have told too little.
Shoo kekineass.	Lo ke here.
Wunêtu nitteaùg.	My money is very good.
Mamattifluôg kut∣teaùquock.	Your Beads are naught.
Tashin mesh com∣maûg?	How much have yo•…•… given?
Chich•…•…gin.	A Hatchet.
An•…•…skunck.	A Howe.
Maumichémanege.	A Needle.
Cuttatuppaúnamum.	Take a measure.

Tatuppauntúhom∣min.	To weigh with scales.
Tatuppauntúock.	They are aweighing.
Netâtup.	It is all one.
Kaukakineamuck. Peben ochichauquâ∣nick.	A Looking Glasse.

Obs. It may be wondred what they do with Glasses, having no beautie but a swarfish co∣lour, and no dressing but nakednesse; but pride appeares in any colour, and the meanest dresse: and besides generally the women paint their faces with all sorts of colours.

Cummanohamó∣gunna.	They will buy it of you.
Cuppittakúnnemous.	Take your cloth againe.
Cuppittakunnami.	Will you serve me so?
Cosaumpeekúnne∣mun.	You have tore me off too little cloth.
Cummachetannakún namous.	I have torn it off for you.
Tawhitch cuppitta∣kunamiêan?	Why doe you turne it up∣on my hand?
Kutchichêginash, kaukinne pokéshaas.	Your Hatchets will be soone broken.
Teâno wáskishaas.	Soone gapt.
Natouashóck quittea.	A Smith.
Kuttattaú amish aûke	I would buy land of you.

Tou núckquaque?	How much?
Wuchè wuttotânick Plantation.	For a Towne, or,
Niss•…•…kineam.	I have no mind to seeke.
Indiansuck sekineám∣wock.	The Indians are not wil∣ling.
Noonapuock naûgum	They want roome them∣selves.
Cowetompátimmin.	We are friends.
Cummaugakéamish.	I will give you land.
Aquie chenawaûsish.	Be not churlish.

Generall Observation of Trade.

O the infinite wisedome of the most holy wise God, who hath so advanced Europe above America, that there is not a sorry Howe, Hat∣chet, Knife, nor a rag of cloth in all America, but what comes over the dreadfull Atlantick Ocean from Europe: and yet that Europe be not proud, nor America discouraged. What treasures are hid in some parts of America, and in our New English parts, how have foule hands (in smoakie houses) the first handling of those Furres which are after worne upon the hands of Queens and heads of Princes?

More particular:

Oft have I heard these Indians say,Line 1 These English will deceive us. Of all that's ours, our lands and lives. In th' end they will bereave us.

So say they, whatsoever they buy,Line 2 (Though small) which shewes they're shie Of strangers, fearefull to be catcht By fraud, deceipt, or lie.

Indians and English feare deceits,Line 3 Yet willing both to be Deceiv'd and couzen'd of precious soule, Of heaven, Eternitie.