A key into the language of America, or, An help to the language of the natives in that part of America called New-England together with briefe observations of the customes, manners and worships, &c. of the aforesaid natives, in peace and warre, in life and death : on all which are added spirituall observations, generall and particular, by the authour ... / by Roger Williams ...

CHAP. XVIII. Of the Sea. (Book 18)

VVEchêkum Kitthan.	The Sea.
Paumpágussit.	The Sea-God,

or, that name which they give that Deitie or God∣head which they conceive to be in the Sea.

Obs. Mishoòn an Indian Boat, or Canow made of a Pine or Oake, or Chesnut-tree: I have seene a Native goe into the woods with his hatchet carrying onely a Basket of Corne

with him, & stones to strike fire when he had feld his tree (being a chesnut) he made him a lit∣tle House or shed of the bark of it, he puts fire and followes the burning of it with fire, in the midst in many places: his corne he boyles and hath the Brook by him, and sometimes angles for a little fish: but so hee continues burning and hewing untill he hath within ten or twelve dayes (lying there at his worke a∣lone) finished, and (getting hands,) lanched his Boate; with which afterward hee ven∣tures out to fish in the Ocean.

Mishoonémese.

A little Canow.

Some of them will not well carry above three or foure: but some of them twenty, thirty, forty men.

Wunnauanoûnuck.	A Shall•…•…p.
Wunnauanounuck∣quèse.	A Skiffe.

Obs. Although themselves have neither, yet they give them such names, which in their Language signifieth carrying Vessells.

Kitônuck.	A Ship.
Kitónuckquese.	A little ship.
Mishittouwand.	A great Canow.
Peewà•…•…u.	A little one.
Paugautemissaûnd.	An Oake Canow.

Kowawwaûnd.	A pine Canow.
Wompmissaûnd.	A chesnut Canow.
Ogwhan.	A boat adrift.
Wuskon-tógwhan.	It will goe a drift.
Cuttunnamiinnea.	Help me to launch.
Cuttunnummútta.	Let us launch.
Cuttúnnamoke.	Launch.
Cuttannummous.	I will help you.
Wutkunck.	A paddle or Oare.
Namacóuhe cómi∣shoon.	Lend me your Boate.
Paûtousnenótehunck	Bring hither my paddle.
Comishoónhom?	Goe you by water?
Chémosh-chémeck.	Paddle or row.
Mauminikish & Maumanetepweéas.	Pull up, or row lustily.
Sepākehig.	A Sayle.
Sepagehommaûta.	Let us saile.
Wunnâgehan.	We have a faire wind.

Obs. Their owne reason hath taught them, to pull of a Coat or two and set it up on a small •…•…ole, with which they will saile before a wind ten, or twenty mile, &c.

Wauaúpunish.	Hoyse up.
Wuttáutnish.	Pull to you.
Nókanish.	Take it downe.
Pakétenish.	Let goe or let slie.
Nikkoshkowwaûmen	We shall be drown'd.

Nquawu pshâwmen.	We overset.
Wussaûme peche∣paûsha.	The Sea comes in too fast upon us.
Maumaneeteántass.	Be of good courage.

Obs. It is wonderfull to see how they will venture in those Canoes, and how (being oft overset as I have my •…•…elfe been with them) they will swim a mile, yea two or more safe to Land: I having been necessitated to passe waters diverse times with them, it hath plea∣sed God to make them many times the in∣struments of my preservation: and when sometimes in great danger I have questioned safety, they have said to me: Feare not, if we be overset I will carry you safe to Land.

Paupautuckquash.	Hold water.
Kinnequass.	Steere.
Tiáckomme kinni∣quass.	Steere right.
Kunnosnep.	A Killick, or Anchor.
Chowwophómmin.	To cast over-boord.
Chouwóphash.	Cast over-board.
Touwopskhómmke.	Cast anchor.
Mishitt•…•…shin.	It is a storme.
Awêpesha.	It caulmes.
Awêpu.	A calme.
Nanouwashin.	A great caulme,
Tamóccon.	Floud.

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Nanashowetamóccon	Halfe Floud.
Keesaqúshin.	High water.
Taumacoks.	Vpon the Floud.
Mishittommóckon.	A great Floud.
Maūchetan & skàt.	Ebb.
Mittâeskat.	A low Ebb.
Awánick Paûdhuck?	Who comes there?

Obs. I have knowne thirty or forty of their Canowes fill'd with men, and neere as many more of their enemies in a Sea-fight.

Caupaūshess.▪	Goe ashoare.
Caupaushâuta.	Let us goe ashoare.
Wusséheposh.	Heave out the water.
Asképunish.	Make fast the Boat.
Kspúnsh & Kspune∣moke.	Tie it fast.
Mauminikish.	Tie it hard.
Neene Cuthómwock.	Now they goe off.
Kekuthomwushán∣nick.	They are gone already.

Generall Observations of the Sea.

How unsearchable are the d•…•…th of the Wisedome and Power of God in separating from Europe, Asia and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 such a mightie vast continent as America i•…•… and that for so

many ages? as also, by such a Westerne Oce∣an of about three thousand of English miles breadth in passage over?

More particular:

They see Gods wonders that are call'd Through dreadfull Seas to passe, In tearing winds and roaring seas, And clames as smooth as glasse. I have in Europes ships, oft been In King of terrours hand; When all have cri'd, Now, now we sinck, Yet God brought safe to land. Alone 'mongst Indians in Canoes, Sometime o•…•…re-turn'd, I have been Halfe inch from death, in Ocean deepe, Gods wonders I have seene.