A key into the language of America, or, An help to the language of the natives in that part of America called New-England together with briefe observations of the customes, manners and worships, &c. of the aforesaid natives, in peace and warre, in life and death : on all which are added spirituall observations, generall and particular, by the authour ... / by Roger Williams ...

CHAP. XI. Of Travell. (Book 11)

Mayi.	Away.
Mayuo?	Is there away?
Mat mayanúnno.	There is no way.
Peemáyagat.	A little way.
Mishimmayagat.	A great path.
Machipscat.	A stonepath.

Obs. It is admirable to see, what paths their naked hardned feet have made in the wilder∣nesse in most stony and rockie places.

Nnatotemúckaun.	I will aske the way.
Kunnatótemous.	I will inquire of you.
Kunnatotemi?	Doe you aske me?

Tou nishin méyi?	Where lies the way?
Kokotemiinnea méyi	Shew me the way.
Yo ainshick méyi.	There the way lies.
Kukkakótemous.	I will shew you.
Yo cummittamáyon.	There is the way you must goe.
Yo chippachâusin.	There the way divides.
Maúchatea.	A guide.
Máuchase.	Be my guide.

Obs. The wildernesse being so vast, it is a mercy, that for a hire a man shall never want guides, who will carry provisions, and such as hire them over the Rivers and Brookes, and find out often times hunting-houses, or other lodgings at night.

Anoce wenawash.	Hire him.
Kuttánnoonsh.	I will hire you.
Kuttaúnckquitta∣unch.	I will pay you.
Kummuchickónck∣quatous.	I will pay you well.
Tocketaonekquittiin∣nea.	What wil you give me?
Cummáuchanish.	I will conduct you.
Yò aûnta,	Let us goe that way.
Yò cuttâunan.	Goe that way.
Yo mtúnnock.	The right hand.
Yo nmúnnatch.	The left hand.

Cowéchaush.	I will goe with you.
Wétash.	Goe along.
Cowéchaw ewò.	He will goe with you.
Cowechauatimmin.	I will goe with you.
Wechauatittea.	Let us accompany.
Taûbot wétayean.	I thanke you for you company.

Obs. I have heard of many English lost, and have oft been lost my selfe, and my selfe and others have often been found, and succoured by the Indians.

Pitchcowáwwon.	You will lose your way.
Meshnowáwwon.	I lost my way.
Nummauchèmin, Ntanniteimmin.	I will be going.
Mammauchêtuck.	Let us be going.
ânakiteunck.	He is gone.
Memauchêwi anittui.
Memauchegushan∣nick.	They are gone.
Anakug•…•…shánnick.	They are gone.
Tunnockuttome
Tunnockkuttoyeâim	Whither goe you?
Tunnockkuttinshem.
Nnegónshem.	I will goe before.
Cuppompáish.	I will stay for you.
Negónshesh.	Goe before.
Mittummayaûcup.	The way you went before▪

Cummattanish.	I will follew you.
Cuppahimmin.	Stay for me.
Tawhich quaunqua quêan?	Why doe you run so?
Nowecóntum púm∣mishem.	I have a mi•…•…d to travell
Konkenuphshâuta.	Let us goe apace.
Konkenuppe.	Goe apace.
Michéme nquaun∣quaquêmin.	I have run alwayes.
Yo ntoyamâushem.	I goe this pace.

Obs. They are generally quick on foot, •…•…rought up from the breasts to running: their •…•…gs being also from the wombe stretcht and •…•…ound up in a strange way on their Cradle •…•…ackward, as also annointed; yet have they •…•…ome that excell: so that I have knowne many •…•…f them run betweene fourescoure or an hun∣•…•…red miles in a Summers day, and back with∣•…•…n two dayes: they doe also practice running •…•…f Races; and commonly in the Summer, •…•…hey delight to goe without shoes, although •…•…hey have them hanging at their backs: they •…•…re so exquisitely skilled in all the body and •…•…owels of the Countrey (by reason of their •…•…untings) that I have often been guided twen∣•…•…ie, thirtie, sometimes fortie miles through •…•…e woods, a streight course. out of any path.

Yò wuchê.	From hence.
Tounúckquaque yo wuchê	How far from hence?
Yò anúckquaque.	So farre.
Yo anuckquaquêse.	So little a way.
Waunaquêse.	A little way.
Aukeewushaûog.	They goe by land.
Mishoon hómwock.	They goe or come by water.
Naynayoûmewot.	A Horse.
Wunnia, naynayoû∣mewot.	He rides on Horse-back.

Obs. Having no Horses, they covet them above other Cattell, rather preferring ease in riding, then their profit and belly, by milk and butter from Cowes and Goats, and they are loth to come to the English price for any.

Aspumméwi	He is not gone by.
As pumméwock	They are not gone by.
Awanick payanchick	Who come there?
Awanick negonshá∣chick?	Who are these before us?
Yo cuppummesicóm min.	Crosse over into the way there.
Cuppi-machàug.	Thick wood: a Swamp

Obs. These thick Woods and Swamps (like the Boggs to the Irish) are the Refuges for Women and children in Warre, whil'st the

men fight. As the Country is wondrous full of Brookes and Rivers, so doth it also abound with fresh ponds, some of many miles com∣passe.

Nips-nipsash	Pond: Ponds.
Wèta: wétedg	The Woods on fire.
Wussaumpatámmin	To view or looke about.
Wussaum patámo∣onck.	A Prospect.
Wuttocékémin	To wade.
Tocekétuck	Let us wade.
Tou wuttáuqussin?	How deepe?
Yò ntaúqussin	Thus deep.
Ku•…•…niish.	I will carry you.
Kuckqússuckqun	You are heavy.
Kunnäukon	You are light.
Pasuckquish	Rise.
Anakish: maúchish:	Goe.
Quaquish	Runne.
Nokus káuatees	Meet him.
Nockuskauatitea	Let us meet.
Neenmeshnóckuskaw.	I did meet.

Obs. They are joyfull in meeting of any in travell, and will strike fire either with stones or sticks, to take Tobacco, and dis∣course a little together.

Mesh Kunnockqus kauatimmin?	Did you meet? &c.
Yo Kuttauntapim∣min.	Let us rest here.
Kustackquêtuck.	Let us sit downe.
Yo appituck	Let us sit here.
Nistowanis
Nistowanishkaû men.	I am weary.
Nickqússaqus	I am lame.
Ntouagonnausinnúm min	We are distrest
	undone, or in misery.

Obs. They use this word properly in wan∣dring toward Winter night, in which case I have been many a night with them, and many times also alone, yet alwayes mercifully preserved.

Teâno wonck nippée am	I will be here by and by againe.
Mat Kunnickansh	I will not leave you.
Aquie Kunnickat∣shash.	Doe not leave me.
Tavvhitch nickat shiêan?	Why doe you for∣sake me?
Wuttánho	A staffe.
Yò •…•…sh Wuttánho	Use this staffe.

Obs. Sometimes a man shall meet a lame man or an old man with a Staffe: but gene∣rally a Staffe is a rare sight in the hand of the eldest, their Constitution is so strong, I have upon occasion travelled many a score, yea many a hundreth mile amongst them, without need of stick or staffe for any ap∣pearance of danger amongst them: Yet it is a rule amongst them, that it is not g•…•…od for a man to travell without a Weapon nor a∣lone.

Taquáttin	Frost.
Auke taquátsha	The ground is frozen.
Séip taquattin.	The River is frozen.
Now ánnesin	I have forgotten.
nippitt akúnna mun.	I must goe back.

Obs. I once travalled with neere 200 who had word of neere 700. Enemies in the way, yet generally they all resolved that it was a shame to feare and goe back.

Nippanishkokómmin Npussago. kommin	I have let fall something.
Mattaâsu	A little way
Naûwot.	A great way.
Náwwatick	Farre of at Sea.
Ntaquatchuwaûmen	I goe up hill.

Taguatchòwash	Goe up hill.
Waumsu	Downe hill.
Mauúnshesh	Goe slowly or gently.
Mauanisháuta	Let us goe gently.
Tawhitch cheche qunnuwáyean?	Why doe you rob me?
Aquie chechequn∣núwash.	Doe not rob me.
Chechequnnuwá∣chick.	Robbers.
Chechequnnittin	There is a Robbery committed.
Kemineantúock	They murder each other.

Obs. If any Robbery fall out in Travell, between Person of diverse States, the offend∣ed State sends for Justice, If no Justice bee granted and recompence made, they grant out a kind of Letter of Mart to take satisfa∣ction themselues, yet they are carefull not to exceed in taking from others, beyond the Proportion of their owne losse.

Wúskont àwaùn nkemineiucqun.

I feare some will murther mee.

Obs. I could never heare that Murthers or Robberies are comparably so frequent, as in parts of Europe amongst the English, French, &c.

Cutchachewussim min.	You are almost there.
Kiskecuppeeyāu∣men.	You are a little short.
Cuppeeyāumen	Now you are there.
Muckquétu	Swift.
Cummúmmuck∣quete.	You are swift.
Cussásaqus	You are slow.
Sassaqushâuog	They are slow.
Cuttinneapúmmish∣em	Will you passe by?
Wuttineapum∣mushâuta.	Let us passe by.
Keeatshaûta.	I come for no busines.
Ntinneapreyaû∣men	In vaine or to no purpose.
Acoûwe
Ntackówvvepe∣yaùn.	I have lost my labour.
Cummautússakou.	You have mist him.
Kihtummâyi-wus∣sáuhumwi.	He went just now forth.
Pittúckish.	Goe back.
Pittuckétuck.	Let us goe back.
Pónewhush.	Lay downe your burtlen.

Generall Observations of their Travell.

As the same Sun shines on the Wildernesse that doth on a Garden! so the same faithfull and all sufficient God, can comfort∣feede and safely guide even through a deso∣late howling Wildernesse.

More particular.

God makes a Path, provides a Guide, And feeds in Wildernesse! His glorious Name while breath remaines,Line 1 O that I may confesse.

Lost many a time, I have had no Guide, No House, but hollow Tree!Line 2 In stormy VVinter night no Fire, No Food, no Company:

In him I have found a House, a Bed, A Table, Company:Line 3 No Cup so bitter, but's made sweet, VVhen Go'd shall Sweetning be.