An essay towards a real character, and a philosophical language by John Wilkins ...

MOTION.

THat Action whereby things do pass from one place to another is styled MOTION, move, remove, stir,, wag, shake, quetch, shog, jog, start, jerk,* 1.1 budge, dislodge, flitting, shuffle, shuttle, rummage, agitation, going, passing, transferr, place, make a stirr.

REST, Quiet, still, unmoved, repose, sedate, settle, stand, stay, stand or ly still, Requiem, ease, Pause, acquiesce, settle, sit, lodge, lull, Sabbath, dead of the night, take rest.

By the word Motion here is meant Local Motion, which doth alwayes ac∣company Corporeal Action, upon which account many of the Species under this Head might, if there were convenient room for them, be reckoned under the former; but their places here may serve sufficiently to express and distin∣guish them. This Local Motion of bodies may be distinguished into

• ...Natural.
  • Of the whole; more
  • General, respecting the Kinds of Animal PROGRESSIVE MOTION. I.
  • Particular, referring to the VARIOUS NOTIONS OF GOING. II.
  • Of the parts; considered
    • More largely; as belonging to ANIMAL ACTION IN COMMON. III
    • As restrained to the Acts of
      • PURGATION. IV.
      • EXERCISE. V.
• VIOLENT MOTION according to the several kinds of it. VI.

I. Kinds of ANIMAL PROGRESSION,* 1.2 may refer either to

• Beasts; more ‖ perfect: or imperfect.
  1.
  • GOING, gressive, a Step, Pace, Gate.
  • HALTING, Cripple, lame, limp, hobble, foundred.
• Birds; in the
  • Air; by the motion of the wings: to which may be annexed that other kind of Motion of the wings whereby Birds use to keep themselves up in the same place with little or no Progression.
    2.
    • FLYING, fluttering, soar, volatile, toure.
    • HOVERING.
  • Water; either ‖ upon it: or into and under it.
    3.
    • FLOTING.
    • DIVING, duck, plunge.
• Fish; either ‖ more generally within the water: or more specially down∣wards into it.
  4.
  • SWIMMING, launch.
  • SINKING.
• Insects; as
  • Grashoppers and Fleas, &c. the more ‖ perfect: or imperfect.
    5.
    • LEAPING, skipping, jump, frisk, spring, caper, curvet, bound.
    • HOPPING.
  • Ants▪ or Worms, &c.
    6.
    • CREEPING, crawl, sprawl, reptile.
    • WRIGLING, insinuate, scrue or wind himself in.

Though each of these Motions do principally belong to such kinds of li∣ving Creatures, yet are they not so to be restrained to them but that they may be truly ascribed to others.

* 1.3II. The several MODES OF GOING; may be distinguished into

• ...The Self-motion or Ition of Animals;
  • On an ordinary Plain or declivity; according to the
    • Lesser: or greater degrees of Velocity.
      1.
      • WALKING, Ambulation, Procession, Perambulation, go, wade, Ford, waddle, Lacquey, Path, foot it, trip along.
      • RUNNING, galloping, Career, Course, Race, start, Goal, outstrip, Foot∣man.
    • Different Motion of the four legs; ‖ when either those of one side move together: or when they move cross and diagonally.
      2.
      • AMBLING, pacing, thorough-paced.
      • TROTTING, prancing.
    • Different Extensions ‖ of the body according to height: or of the legs ac∣cording to wideness.
      3.
      • STALKING, jetting▪ strutt, portly going.
      • STRADLING, stride, a-stride, div••ricate.
    • Different Modes, whether more ‖ regular: or irregular.
      4.
      • STEDDY.
      • ...STAGGERING, reeling, Vacillation, Tottering.
  • On a very smooth Plain.
    5.
    • SLIDING, glide, slipping.
    • STUMBLING, Titubation, blunder, falter, lapse, slip, trip.
  • On a difficult Declivity, ‖ upwards: or downwards.
    6.
    • CLIMBING, clambering, foaling.
    • TUMBLING.
• The being carried by something else; on ‖ the Land: or Water.
  7.
  • RIDING, being horsed or mounted, taking horse, Post-ilion.
  • SAILING, Navigation, Voiage, launch, take water or ship, embark, wast

III. Animal MOTIONS belonging to the various parts,* 1.4 are either

• ...More principal;
  • Of the Heart originally, and from thence of the Bloud in the Arteries: to which may be adjoyned the Motion of the Guts.
    1.
    • PULSE, throb, beat.
    • PERISTALTIC.
  • Of the Lungs, ‖ more general, or the Sound made by some impediment of breathing through the Nose.
    2.
    • RESPIRATION, breathing, fetch wind, draw breath, take breath.
    • SNORTING, snoring.
• Less principal; of the
  • Mouth and Thorax; by the forcible ‖ emission, or attraction of Breath.
    3.
    • BLOWING, puffing, blast.
    • ...SVCTION, supping▪ sip, soop, drawing, emulgent, snuff up.
  • Diaphragm or Stomach; agitated by a convulsive Motion ‖ upwards, or downwards.
    4.
    • SOBBING.
    • HICCOUGH, Yex.
  • Iaws; by a
    • Repeated Motion in the ‖ first, or second preparation of Food.
      5.
      • MASTICATION, chewing, champ, gnawing, browzing, mumble.
      • RUMINATION, chewing the cud.
    • Single Motion; to which may be annexed that Motion of the musculous parts of the body, caused by some flatulent vapours.
      6▪
      • YAWNING, gape, Oscitation, gasp.
      • PANDICULATION, retching, stretching.
  • ...

• ...
  • Tongue, or Throat.
    7.
    • LICKING, lap, slap.
    • SWALLOWING, gulp, ingurgitate, devour, pouch, gobble.

IV. Those kinds of Actions whereby several Animals do cast off such excrementitious parts as are offensive to nature are styled PURGATION, voiding, evacuating, Excrement, fluxing:* 1.5 to which may be opposed the Notion of BINDING, costive, styptic, restringent, astringent.

These Motions may be distinguished by the kinds of parts so amoved; either the more

• Vaporous and windy; from the
  • ...Head.
    1.
    • SNEEZING, neeze, Sternutation.
  • Stomach upwards, or Guts downwards.
    2.
    • BELCHING, parbreak, breaking wind upwards.
    • ...FARTING, breaking wind downwards, Scape.
• Serous and watry; from the
  • Whole habit of the body.
    3.
    • SWEATING, Exudation, diaphoretic, sudorific, all in a water.
    • TRANSPIRATION, breathing, Evaporation, Effluvium, Perspiration.
  • ...Head.
    4.
    • SPITTING, Salivate••ion, Spittle, bespit, spawl, bespawl, slaver, drivel, Flux.
    • BLOWING THE NOSE, mucous, Snivel, Snot.
  • ...Lungs and Chest.
    5.
    • COUGHING.
    • EXCREATION, haking, hemming.
  • ...Greater or lesser Veins.
    6.
    • BLEEDING, opening a Vein, Phlebotomy, let bloud, draw blood, Lancet.
    • SCARIFYING, lance.
  • ...Skin.
    7.
    • BLISTERING, Vesication, caustic.
    • CUPPING.
  • ...Bladder.
    8.
    • URINING, piss, make water, hold ones water, stale, diuretic, Diabetes, Dysury.
• Consistent and gross parts; from the ‖ Stomach upwards, or the Guts downwards.
  • VOMITING, spewing, casting, disgorging, puke, regurgitate, retching.
  • DUNGING, purging by siege, going to stool, scour, Draught, Lask, laxative, Loosness, muting, soluble, solutive, Muck, Ordure, Siege, Stool, Sir-reverence, excrement, easment, ease the belly, Iakes, Privy, House of office..

V. By RECREATION, Diversion, Pastime, Sport, Exercise,* 1.6 are meant those several kinds of Actions which are used for divertisement or Exercise: to which may be annexed the word GAME, Play, Prize, signifying such kind of Exercises, wherein there is an en∣deavour for Mastery. These are either of the

• ...Mind; depending upon
  • Chance onely; according to ‖ the more general name: or that particular kind which is most frequent by marked Cubes.
    1.
    • LOT, Sortition, Cuts, Ballot, cast or draw Lots.
    • DICE, a Dy, cock-all, rifle.
  • ...Chance and Skill.
    2.
    • CHARTS.
    • TABLES.
  • ...Skill onely.
    3.
    • CHESS.
    • DRAUGHTS.
• Body; in respect of
  • ...The whole; requiring
    • ...Strength and Skill.
      4.
      • BOWLING.
      • BALLING, Tennis, Foot ball, Stool-ball, Sto-Ball. Pel-mel.
    • ...Agility and Skill.
      5.
      • DANCING, Masking, Revels, a Ball, Morice, Mumming.
      • VAULTING.
    • ...Strength Agility and Skill.
      6.
      • WRESTLING, grapling, strugling, striving, handy gripes, strike up ones heels.
      • FENCING, Gladiator, Tilting, Tournament, justling, play at weapon or foils.
  • ...The Eye, or the Ear.
    7.
    • SIGHTS, Shews, Theatre, Amphitheatre, Pageants, Spectacle.
    • MUSIC, Serenade, strein, aer, tune, prelude, Waits, Crowd, Fiddle-er, Minstrel, play on an Instrument.

VI. The general kinds of VIOLENT MOTION, may be distributed according to the effects upon the thing moved,* 1.7 into such as denote

• Translation into a new place; comprehending
  • Motion together; when the Mover sustains the thing moved: to which may be annexed by way of affinity that other Action, by which one thing sustains, or hinders the falling of another.
    1.
    • CARRYING, bring, convey, bear, serve, import, waft, weare about one, portable, portage, porter, baggage, vehicle, fare, beer, packhorse.
    • BEARING, supporting, sustain, hold up, prop, shore up, stay up, up∣hold, carry, stand under, shoulder up, bolster up.
  • Amotion, when the Mover and Moved do at the beginning cease to be contiguous: or Admotion, when the thing moved doth end in a contiguity of something else.
    2.
    • CASTING, throwing, fling, hurl, project, inject, eject, ding, pelt, toss, coit, sling.
    • CATCHING, apprehend, lay hold, snatch, lay hands on, grapple, graspe, scamble.
• Often returns into the same place; according to ‖ greater or less degrees.
  3.
  • SWINGING, Vibration, waving, brandish, agitate, exagitate, to and fro, flourish, rock, sway, dangling, pendulous, wield.
  • SHAKING, Quassation, Concussion, jogging, agitate, dandle, wag, swag, sway, jolt, totter, flutter, shatter, waving.
• Some impression from the Mover; according to the more
  • General name: or that which is from an obtuse hard body.
    4.
    • STRIKING, Percussion, smite, bang, beat, bast, buffet, cuff, dash, hit, swinge, thump, thwack, Blow, Stripe, slap, flap, rap, tap, kick, wince, spurn, bob, box, fillip, whirret, yerke, pummel, punch, rebuff, repercus∣sion, collision, gnash, skittish, interfere, let fly at,
    • KNOCKING, beating, Blow, butt, Mallet, battering, jobbing, Ramm.
  • Particular kind; by the end of a thing, more ‖ obtuse, or acute.
    5
    • POUNDING, braying, Contusion, stamp.
    • PECKING, Mattock, Pick-ax.
• Dissolution of Vnion in the same body; according to
  • The Stiffness, or Limberness of the body wherein it is made.
    6.
    • BREAKING, Fracture, Rupture, burst, Crack, Crash, Squash, Dash, Flaw, Shatter, shiver, crumble.
    • TEARING▪ torn, dilacerate, rend, rent, ragged, tattered, flittered, jagged, pull in pieces.
  • The Figure of the body by which it is made; either ‖ an edge, or a point.
    7.
    • CUTTING, Incision gash, slash, hack, hew, chop, rip, chip, snip, slice, section, segment, carve, dissect, whittle, barb, pare, top, lop, curtail, dock, sharpe, keen, Hatchet, Pole-ax.
    • PRICKING, stabbing, Goad, pungent, runn in thrust in, goar.

Notes

• * 1.1

  §. III.
• * 1.2

  I. ANI∣MAL PRO∣GRES∣SION.
• * 1.3

  II. MODES OF GO∣ING.
• * 1.4

  III. MO∣TIONS OF THE PARTS.
• * 1.5

  IV. PUR∣GATION.
• * 1.6

  V. RE∣CREATI∣ON.
• * 1.7

  VI. VIOLENT MOTION.