The history of philosophy, in eight parts by Thomas Stanley.

CAAP. IV.

End of the Retreat.

THe Greeks, assoon as their fleet was ready,* 1.1 set sail for Harmond, the Port of Stnope, when Chirisophus met them with some Galleyes from Anaxibius, who promised them pay as soon as they should come into Greece. The Army desirous of a Generall, intreated Xenophon (with extraordinary testimony of affection) to accept that command: Xen••phon refused, either disswaded by inauspicious sacrifice, or unwilling to displease the Lacedaemonians, in putting by Chir sophus, who was there∣upon chosen, but soon after deposed, for refusing to ex∣tort a great summe from Heraclea, a Greek City, their friends: Xenophon also denying to be employed therein the Army thereupon became divided; they chose ten Captains out of themselves, with Chirisophus remained two thousand one hundred, with Xenophon two thousand foot and forty horse; Chirisophus went by land to meet Cleander Governour of Bizan∣ti••m, at the mouth of the River Calphas▪ leaving such shipping as he had to Xenophon who landing in the confines of Thrace, and of the Heraclean Country, marched quietly through the midst of the land: the Mutineers landing at Calphas, surprised and spoyled the country thereabout; the Thracians rising up against them, cut off two Regiments, and besieged the hill where the rest encamped, Xenophon on the way being inform∣ed of the desperate condition of these Greeks, went directly to the place, setting on fire as he went all that was combusti∣ble; the enemy fearing to be set upon in the night, stole away, as did the Greeks also, whom Xenophon overtaking in the way to the Port of Calphas, they embraced him with great joy, and ariving at the Haven, made a decree, that it should be death for any man to propound to divide the Army, and that they should depart the Country in their first order. The former Commanders being restored in the room of Chi∣risophus who died, they substituted Neon, who going forth with two thousand men to pillage the Country, was discomfitted by Pharnabazus Lievtenant to the King of Persia, and lost five hundred men; rest rescued by Xenophon, the Army by his encouragement marched through a large Forest defeating Pharnabazus, who opposed their passage there. Cleander came over to them, and having expressed much kindnesse to Xeno∣phon, and contracted hospitality with him, departed. The Ar∣my marched through Bythinia to Chrysopolis in the territories of Chalcedon.* 1.2 Thence Anaxibius the Lacedemonian▪ Admirall transported them to Byzantium, where hee had promised they

should as soon as they arrived receive pay, without which hee sent them out of the City, whereat the souldiers incensed, returned and entred the City by force, intending to spoil it: but Xenophon thrusting himself amongst the croud, disswaded them, and appeased the tumult, as it particularly attested by* 1.3 Chio an eye-witnesse. By this means they were brought to depart the City quietly, which as soon as they had done, Xenophon de∣sirous to go home, took leave of the Army, and returned to By∣zantium with Cleander. Anaxibius being put out of the Admiral∣ship, and thereupon slighted by Pharnabazus (at whose instiga∣tion he had treated the Greeks so hardly) desired Xenophon to return to the Army to lead them to Perinthus, whence they should be transported into Asia; The Army received him with much joy: when they came to Perinthus, Aristarchus the Gover∣nour would not suffer them to be transported: Seuth••s King of Thrace had invited them to aid him against Medocus, usurper of his Kingdom, with large offers of money to every souldier, of his daughter to Xenophon: to him therefore not knowing where to winter they went. At supper every one (according to the custom) drunk to the King, and made him a present: Xeno∣phon, who sate next him, rising up, and taking the cup, told him,

he gave him himself & all his Companions to be his faithful friends, and ready servants in the recovery of his Kingdom:

Herin their assistance did much advantage Seuthes: the Army wanting pay, Xenophon reproved Heraclides for not taking order about it; who threupon endeavoured to work him out of favour with Seuthes, to whom he brought the rest of the Com∣manders, counselling them to say, that if need were, they could lead the Army upon service as well as Xenophon; but they joint∣ly protested unto Seuthes, they would not serve at all without him: So he sent for Xenophon also, and being agreed to proceed, they march'd towards the Country of the Melinophagi as far as Salmydesson: which places having reduced, they returend to the plaines of Selybria: thither came Chaminus a Lacedemonian, Polinicus sent from Thymbro▪ who told them that the Lacedemo∣nians had designed war against T••ssaphernes, the charge thereof was committed to Thymbro, who desir'd this Army of Greeks to assist them, promising them good pay. Seuthes willingly yielded the Army into their hands; they sent Xenophon to demand their areares, which not without much importunity hee obtained. Thence they failed to Lampsacus, where Euclides a soothsayer of Xenophons acquaintance asked him, how much Gold he had brought? Xenophon protested hee had not had enough to carry him home, but that he sold his horse and other things which he had about him. The next day they marched to Ophryn••um, whither came Bito and Euclides to pay the Army; they being Xenophons friends, restored (refusing the price of redempti∣on)

his horse which he much loved, and had pawned at Lamp∣sa••us. Then marching forward by A••ra••yttium, and Kertonium; not Far from A••arna to the plain of C••ious, they reached Per∣gamus a Citty of Lydia. Here Hellas wife of Gongylus an Eretrian; mother of Gorgion, and Gongylus entertained Xenophon: By her information Xenophon surprised Asidates a rich Persian, with his wife and children, and all his goods: Returning to Pergamus, the Lacedaemonians, Captains ans Souldiers, by agreement gave him also an extraordinary share of horses, oxen, and other things; then came Thymbro, and taking the Army, joyn'd it to the rest of the Grecian forces, wherewith he made war against Tissapher••••s.

Of the Kings Provinces, through which they passed, the Go∣vernours were these; A••tim••s of Lydia, Artacam••s of Phrygia, Mi∣••••ridates of Lacaonia, and Cappodocia; of Cilicia;* 1.4 Syennesis: of Phaenicia and Arabia, Dernes; of Syria and Assyria, Belesis: of Baby∣lonia, Roparas: of Media, Arbacas, of the Phasiani and Hesperitae, Te••ibazus, the Carduchi, Chalybes, Chaldaeans, Macrones, Colch••, Mo∣synaechi, Coeti, and Tibareni are free Nations; Paphlagonia gover∣ned by Coryla; the Bithynians by Pharnabazus, the Europaean Thracians by Senthes; The totall number of the Ascent and De∣scent is two hundred & fifteen encampings, one thousand one hundred & fifty parasangs, thirty four thousand two hundred fifty five furlongs; the time of the Ascent and Descent one year and three months.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Xenoph. lib. 6.
• * 1.2

  Xenoph. lib. 7.
• * 1.3

  In ••pis••ola ad 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.4

  Which per∣haps was a common name to the Kings of that Country, as Ptolomy to those of Aepypt▪ see Thales chap.