A prospect of the most famous parts of the vvorld Viz. Asia, 3 Affrica, 5 Europe, 7 America. 9 With these kingdomes therein contained. Grecia, 11 Roman Empire, 13 Germanie, 15 Bohemia, 17 France, 19 Belgia, 21 Spaine, 23 Italie, 25 Hungarie, 27 Denmarke, 29 Poland, 31 Persia, 33 Turkish Empire, 35 Kingdome of China, 37 Tartaria, 39 Sommer Ilands, 41 Civill Warres, in England, Wales, and Ireland. You shall find placed in the beginning of the second booke marked with these [3 asterisks in triangle formation] and (5) together with all the provinces, counties, and shires, contained in that large theator of Great Brittaines empire. / Performed by John Speed.

THE TYPE OF THE FAMOVS KING∣DOM OF SCOTLAND, VVITH A GENE∣RALL DESCRIPTION OF SVNDRY THINGS REMARKEABLE THEREIN. CHAPTER I.

SCOTLAND, the second King∣dome of Great Britaine, and the North part of the Iland, hath on the East the Germane Ocean, on the North, the Orkneyes, and Deu∣calidon Sea, the West affronted with Ireland, and the South hath the River Tweed, the Cheviot Hils, and the adjacent Tract, reaching to the Sulway Sands, whereby it is separated from England.

(2) This Kingdome is faire and spacious, and from these South-borders spreadeth it selfe wide into the East and West, till againe it contracts it selfe narrower unto the Northerne Promontories: furnished with all things befit∣ting a famous Kingdome; both for Aire and Soyle, Rivers, Woods, Mountaines, Fish, Fowle, and Cattle, and Corne so plenteous, that it supplyeth therewith other Countreys in their want. The people thereof are of good feature, ••••••ong of body, and of couragious minde, and in warres so ventu∣rous, that scarce any service of note hath been performed, but that they were with the first and last in the field. Their Nobilitie and Gentry are very studious of learning, and all civill knowledge; for which end they not onely frequent the three Vniversities of their own Kingdom (S. Andrews, Glasco, and Edenborough, the Nurseries of Pietie, and Mansi∣ons of the sacred Muses) but also much addict themselves to travell into forein Countries.

(3) The Counties contained in this Kingdome are ma∣ny, and every where bestrewed with Cities, Townes, and Borrowes, as is that of England: and, as England, I en∣tended to describe it, had I not been happily prevented by a learned Gentleman of that Nation,* 1.1 who hath most exact∣ly begun, and gone through the greatest difficulties there∣of; to build upon whose foundations, I hold it injurious: and am so farre from any ambition to prevent his noble purposes, that I heartily wish all happy furtherances there∣to, with a longing desire to see, by his industrious labours, another Scene added to the perfecting of the Theater of Britains Glory.

(4) Yet, in the meane while, lest I should seeme too defective in my intendments, let me without offence (in this third, though short Book) give onely a generall view of that Kingdome, upon observations from others; which to accomplish by mine own survey (if others should hap to fayle, and my crazy aged body will give leave) is my chiefe desire; knowing the Iland furnished with many worthy remembrances appertaining both unto them and us, whom GOD now hath set under one Crowne: and the rather, for that their more Southerne people are from the same Originall with us the English, being both alike the Saxon branches: as also, that the Picts anciently inhabiting part of that Kingdome, were the inborne Britains, and such as thither sled to avoyd the Romane servitude: whose names began first to be distinguished under Dioclesian the Empe∣rour,* 1.2 when they were termed Picti, for painting their bo∣dies, like the Britains, as saith Flavius Vegetius: which is more strengthened,* 1.3 for that the Northerne Britains con∣verted by Saint Columb, are called Britaine Picts.

(5) But the Highland-men (the naturall Scot indeed) are supposed to descend from the Scythians, who with the Getes infesting Ireland, left both their Issue there, and their manners, apparent in the Wild Irish even to this day: And from Scythae (as is thought) the name of Scot grew; for so the Netherlanders by Scutten expresse indifferently the Scy∣thian or Scot: so Gildas calleth the Irish Britains, Scythians: so King Elfred in translating the History of Orosius, turneth Scotos into Scyttan: and so saith Walsingham, from one and the same originall Scythae, Scytici, Scotae, Scotici, take their names, as from Getae, Getici, Gothi, Gothici have done.

(6) Their Manners were alike, saith Diodurus Siculus, and Strabo, and their garments not much differing, as by Sidonius Apollinaris may be gathered, where he seemeth ra∣ther to describe the moderne Wild Irish, then the antike Gete. Notwithstanding this Nations Originall by some hath been derived from Scota, the supposed Daughter of the Aegyptian King Pharaoh, that nourished Moses, after∣wards married unto Gaithelus, the sonne of Cecrops, (Foun∣der of Athens) who first seating in Spaine, passed thence into Ireland, and lastly into Scotland, where his wife Scota gave Name to the Nation; if we beleeve that they hit the marke, who shoot at the Moone.

(7) But that the Scythians came into Spain, (besides the Promontory bearing their Name Scythicum) Silius Italicus, a Spaniard born, doth shew, who bringeth the Concavi, a Nation therein seated, from the Massagetae, which were the Scythians; and the Sarmatae, whom all confesse to have been Scythians, were the builders (as he saith) of the Citie Susan∣na in Spain. And how from Spain they possessed themselves of Ireland, (at the time when the Kingdome of Iudah flou∣rished) Ni••ius the Disciple of Elvodugus doth tell, and their own Histories of Nemethus and Delas, besides Cisne∣rus and others, doe shew; who were first knowne by the name of Scots, as is gathered out of Porphyry (alledged by S. Ierome) in the Raigne of Aurelianus the Emperour. Gildas calleth them the Irish Spoilers: Giraldus, A Scotish Nation, d••scended from Ireland: which in regard of them by Eginhardus is termed The Ile of Scots: by Beda, The Ile inh••∣bited by the Scots; and by other Historians, Scotland the great; as their seat in Britaine was called Scotland the lesse.

(8) These,* 1.4 when the Romane Empire was farre in the wane, burst into Britaine under Reuda their Captaine, who entring amitie with the Picts, possessed the North part of the Iland, and assisted them against the Britaines, then rea∣dy to fall, when the Romanes were gone. But these after∣ward entertaining dissensions amongst themselves, put the hazard of their estates on the tryall and chance of one dayes battell, fought betwixt them in the yeere of Salvation, 740. wherein the Picts not onely lost their lives, but soone after even their very name also, and Fortune crowning the Scots with victory, advanced their Kingdome unto such fame and strength, that the same hath long continued without any absolute Conquest or surprise, against the assaults of whatsoever enemies.

(9) Scotlands South part in Galloway, washed with the water of Solway Bay, toucheth the degree 56. of Latitude, and thence inbosoming many Loughes and In-lets upon the East and West, extendeth it selfe unto the degree 60. and 30. minutes; whose Longitude is likewise laid betwixt the degree 13. and 19. and the same growne very narrow, being so neere the North-Pole, as lying directly under the hinder∣most Stars of the Greater Beare.

(10) The whole Kingdome is divided into two parts by the great River Tay; the South whereof is the more po∣pulous, and more beautified in manners, riches, and civiliti•••• the North more rude, retaining the customes of the Wild-Irish, the ancient Scot, in whose severall Territories these Counties ensuing are contained.

	South.		North.
Teifidale.	Galloway.	Stirling.	Loqunbreo.	Buquhan.
Merch.	Carricke.	Fife.	Braidalbin.	Murrey.
Laudien.	Kyle.	Strathern.	Perth.	Rosse.
Liddesdale.	Cunningham.	Menteith.	Athol.	Sutherland
Eskedale.	Arran.	Argile.	Aug••is.	Cathanes.
Annandale	Cluidesdale.	Cantire.	Merns.	Strath∣navern.
Niddesdale	Lennox.	Lorne.	Mar.

(11) And these againe are subdivided into Sherif∣domes, Stewardships, and Bailiwicks, for the most part in∣heritory

[illustration] map of Scotland

THE KINGDOME OF SCOTLAND

unto honourable Families. The Ecclesiasticall Go∣vernment is also subject unto two Metropolitan Arch-bi∣shops, which are of S. Andrews, (the Primate of Scotland) and of Glasco; whose jurisdictions are as followeth:

S^t. Andrews.

• ...Dunkeld.
• ...Aberdon.
• ...Murray.
• ...Dunblan.
• ...Brechin.
• ...Rosse.
• ...Cathanes.
• ...Orkeney.

Glasco.

• ...Galleway.
• ...Argile.
• ...Iles.

Amongst the things worthy of note of Antiquitie in this Kingdome, most memorable was that Fortification drawn from Abercorne upon the Frith of Edenborough, unto Al∣cluyd, now Dunbritton, opening upon the West Sea, where Iulius Agricola set the limit of the Romane Empire; past which, saith Tacitus, there was not other bounds of Bri∣taine to be sought for: and that here the second Legion Au∣gusta, and the twentieth Legion Victrix, built a part of the Wall, certaine Inscriptions there digged up, and reserved at Dunloyr and Cader, doe witnesse: as also an ancient co∣ped Monument of an high and round compasse, which, as some thinke, was a Temple consecrated unto the god Terminus: others, a Trophey, raised by Carausius, who for∣tified this Wall with seven Castles, as Ninius doth de∣clare.

(12) At this place began the great and darke Wood Caledonia, famous for the wilde white Buls that therein were bred, whose Manes were Lion-like, thicke and cur∣led, of nature fierce and cruell, and so hatefull to mankinde, that they abhorred whatsoever was by them handled or breathed upon: these Woods stretched farre and wide with many turnings, darke shades, and dreadfull dens, and so famous in the Romane Writers, that they often used that name for all Britaine; whose inhabitants were the last in this Iland, that yeelded their necks to the yoake of subjecti∣on, as shall appeare in our following Story.

(13) Ninius a Britaine is recorded to have converted the South-Picts unto the Faith of Christ, in the Raigne of Theodosius the younger, and the Church in Galloway bea∣ring his name doth witnesse it: so likewise in the same age Palladius sent from Pope Coelestine, becam•• an Apostle un∣to the Scots, whose reliques lay enshrined at Fordon in Mer∣nis, as was verily supposed: but that Christianitie had been formerly planted in this uttermost Province, is testified by Tertullian, in saying the Britaines had embraced the faith further then the Romans had power to ••ollow or persecute them, whereupon Peter Monke of Clun in Spaine, conclu∣deth their conversion to be more ancient then the Southern Britaines.

(14) But touching things observable for the present, surely admirable is the report of the plentie of Cattle, Fish, and Fowle there abiding: their Neat but little, yet many in number: Fish so plentifull, that men in some places (for delight) on horse-backe hunt Salmons with Speares: and a certaine Fowle, which some call Soland Geese, spreading so thicke in the Aire, that they even darken the Sunnes light; of whose flesh, feathers, and oyle, the Inhabitants in some parts make great use and gaine; yea, and even of Fishes brought by them, abundant provision for dyet, as also of the sticks (brought to make their nests) plentifull provisi∣on for fewell.

(15) With these, as of wonders, I might speake of the natures of those two famous Loughes, Lomund and Nessa, the latter whereof never freezeth in Winter, though never so extreame, and the waters of the other most raging in the fairest and calmest weather, wherein also floateth an Iland that removeth from place to place, as the winde forceth her spongeous and unfastened body. In Buquhan upon the banks of Ratra is a Well, whose trickling drops turne (in Pyrami∣dy-wise) into hard stone, and another neere Edenborough that floateth with Bitumen. In Dee and Done, besides the admired plentie of Salmons, is found a Shell-fish, called the Horse-muskell, wherein Pearles are engendred, most preci∣ous for Physicke, and some of them so Orient, that they give not place to the choisest.

(16) No lesse strange then any the fore-mentioned wa∣ters, but more lamentable is the remembrance of the great inundation, hapning by the sudden rising of Tay, which bare away the Walles and Towne of Berth, and with it the Cradle and young son of King William into the Sea, where∣in the Royall Infant with many others perished, the King and his Courtiers hardly escaping the danger, with life. The ••uine of this Towne raised another more famous, and more commodiously seated, even Perth, since called Saint Iohns-Towne.

(17) Ilands and Inlets yeelding both beautie and sub∣jection to this Scottish Kingdome, are the Westerne, the Ork∣nayes, and the Shetlands, reckoned to be above three hun∣dred in number; their Inhabitants for the most part using the frugalitie of the ancient Scot.

(18) The Westerne lying scattered in the Deucalido∣nian Sea, were anciently ruled by a king of their owne, whose maintenance was out of their common Coffers, and the Regall authoritie never continued in Lineall succes∣sion, for (to prevent that) their Kings were not permit∣ted to have wives of their owne, but might by their Lawes accompany with other mens: as the like * 1.5 Law was in the other parts of Scotland, that the Virginitie of all new wives,* 1.6 should be the Land-lords prey, till King Mal∣colme enacted, that * 1.7 half a marked should be paid for redemp∣tion. The residence of those fore-mentioned Kings, was chiefly in Ila, Bunals, and Iona, now Columbkill, where (as Donald Munro, who travelled thorow these Ilands report∣eth) are three Tombes, having the severall Inscriptions of the Kings of Scotland, of Ireland, and of Norway.

(19) Among these Westerne Ilands, the Hebrides, Skie, Mula, Ila, and Arran, are the greatest: All of them plenti∣full of Corne, Woods, Salmons, and Herrings, as others of Conies, Deere, Horses, and Sheepe, where in some they are wilde, and in others without any owners; but the people un∣civill, and lacking Religion, they rather live rudely in state of necessitie, then as Lords of these portions which God hath allotted them; and with a sufferable ease, ignorant of ambi∣tion, enjoy those contentments, which some others (though they no great summe) doe more laboriously attaine unto by the Precepts of Philosophy: for, feeding themselves with competencie without any excesse, they returne all the over∣plus unto their Lords, as doe the Inhabitants of Hirta and Rona; but alas, Religion not knowne among them, these penurious vertues are rather the curses of Cham, then the followings of Christ, who forbids us to be too carefull for the morrow.

(20) The Iles of Orkenay upon the North of Scotland, lying in a most raging and tempestuous Sea, are about three and thirtie in number, whereof thirteene are inhabi∣ted, and the other replenished with Cattle: in these are no venemous Serpents, nor other ugly vermine; the aire sharpe and healthfull, and the soyle apt to beare onely Oates and Barley, but not a sticke of wood: among these, Pomonia is the greatest, accounted and called the Maine-land, affor∣ding sixe Minerals of Lead and Tinne, and in her chiefe Towne a Bishops See: wherein are seated twelve Parish-Churches, one of them very Magnificent for so remote a Countrey.

(21) Of all the Romanes, Iulius Agricola first discove∣red the Orkenayes; yea, and subdued them, if we will beleeve Tacitus: but Pomponius Mela, that wrote thirtie yeers be∣fore him, doth mention them, and Invenal in Hadrians time after him, tels us the Romanes had wonne them; and lastly, Claudian nameth Saxons that were slaine in them, and so doth Ninius name Octha and Ebissus, Saxon Commanders, who in their roving Pinnaces wasted the Orkenayes. These Ilands Donald Bune the usurper of the Scottish Crowne, gave to the King of Norway for his assistance, and by the Norwegians were they held the space of an hundred and six∣tie yeers, untill that Alexander the third King of Scotland, with sword and composition got them from Magnus the fourth, King of Norway, which afterward King Haquin confirmed unto King Robert Bruce: but lastly, Christian the first, King of Norway and Denmarke, utterly renounced all his right to those Ilands, when he gave his Daughter in marriage unto King Iames the third, which deed was fur∣ther ratified by the Pope, who openeth the way to the pos∣session of Kingdoms with his own key.

(22) More North, and further then this Chart could well expresse, lye the Isles of Shetland, of some thought to be Thule, and by the Commenter upon Horace, the Fortu∣nate Iland, where as Tzetzes fabuleth, the souls of good men are ferryed into those Elizian fields that ever grow greene, and whence Iulius Caesar could hardly be drawne, as Muretus hath written: but their fictions intended one∣ly that the vert••••••••s souls of the dead passed the uttermost bounds of earthly abode, and attained to an over-pleasing repose, and ever-flourishing happinesse; which whether they borrowed from the description of Paradise, (taken both for a faire Garden and the souls happie rest) I cannot define; but sure they would not have made those fields al∣wayes greene, if they had seene how they lye ever covered with Ice and Snow, being in the 36. degree of Latitude, as Ptolemie hath placed it, where (for the most part) is a continuall Winter: but for proofe that this was the Thule, besides Ptolemies Positure, Saxo Grammaticus betwixt Norway and Scotland hath placed it; and Solinu••, two dayes sayling from the point of Caledonia: and Tacitus saith, that the Romanes kenned Thule afarre off, as they sayled about Britaine by the Orcades: and lastly, Mela maketh it to face Berge a Citie in Norway.

Notes

• * 1.1

  M. Timothy Ponn.
• * 1.2

  Cambde. Brit••in d••script. Pict.
• * 1.3

  English Annals.
• * 1.4

  Beda lib. 1. c. 1.
• * 1.5

  Hect. Boet. lib. cap. 12.
• * 1.6

  That Law was made by King Edwin the 3.
• * 1.7

  Which is yet called the Merchets of wo∣men.