A prospect of the most famous parts of the vvorld Viz. Asia, 3 Affrica, 5 Europe, 7 America. 9 With these kingdomes therein contained. Grecia, 11 Roman Empire, 13 Germanie, 15 Bohemia, 17 France, 19 Belgia, 21 Spaine, 23 Italie, 25 Hungarie, 27 Denmarke, 29 Poland, 31 Persia, 33 Turkish Empire, 35 Kingdome of China, 37 Tartaria, 39 Sommer Ilands, 41 Civill Warres, in England, Wales, and Ireland. You shall find placed in the beginning of the second booke marked with these [3 asterisks in triangle formation] and (5) together with all the provinces, counties, and shires, contained in that large theator of Great Brittaines empire. / Performed by John Speed.

About this Item

Title: A prospect of the most famous parts of the vvorld Viz. Asia, 3 Affrica, 5 Europe, 7 America. 9 With these kingdomes therein contained. Grecia, 11 Roman Empire, 13 Germanie, 15 Bohemia, 17 France, 19 Belgia, 21 Spaine, 23 Italie, 25 Hungarie, 27 Denmarke, 29 Poland, 31 Persia, 33 Turkish Empire, 35 Kingdome of China, 37 Tartaria, 39 Sommer Ilands, 41 Civill Warres, in England, Wales, and Ireland. You shall find placed in the beginning of the second booke marked with these [3 asterisks in triangle formation] and (5) together with all the provinces, counties, and shires, contained in that large theator of Great Brittaines empire. / Performed by John Speed.
Author: Speed, John, 1552?-1629.
Publication: London :: printed by John Legatt, for William Humble. and are to be sold at his shop in Popes-head Pallace,; 1646.
Rights/Permissions: To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.
Subject terms: Geography -- Early works to 1800.; Atlases, English -- Early works to 1800.
Link to this Item: http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A61053.0001.001
Cite this Item: "A prospect of the most famous parts of the vvorld Viz. Asia, 3 Affrica, 5 Europe, 7 America. 9 With these kingdomes therein contained. Grecia, 11 Roman Empire, 13 Germanie, 15 Bohemia, 17 France, 19 Belgia, 21 Spaine, 23 Italie, 25 Hungarie, 27 Denmarke, 29 Poland, 31 Persia, 33 Turkish Empire, 35 Kingdome of China, 37 Tartaria, 39 Sommer Ilands, 41 Civill Warres, in England, Wales, and Ireland. You shall find placed in the beginning of the second booke marked with these [3 asterisks in triangle formation] and (5) together with all the provinces, counties, and shires, contained in that large theator of Great Brittaines empire. / Performed by John Speed." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A61053.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 18, 2024.

Pages

Page 99

THE GENERALL DESCRIPTION, AND SEVERALL DIVISIONS OF THE PRINCIPALITIE OF WALES.

ANtiquitie hath avouched, that the whole Isle of Britaine was divided into three parts. The first and fairest lay contained within the French Seas, the Rivers of Se∣verne, Dee, and Humber, called then Lhoy∣ger, which name it ••••t retaineth in We••sh; in English called England. The second part occupied all the Land North-ward from Humber to the Orkney Sea, called by the Latines, Mare Cale••nium, or Deucalido∣nium, now famously known by the name of Scotland The third part was this, lying betwixt the Irish Seas, the Rivers Severne and Dee, and was called Cambria, which name doth yet continue with them, though we, the English, call it Wales, as the people Welshmen, which is, strange and strangers; for so at this day the dwellers of Tyroll in the higher Germany, whence our Saxons are said to have come, doe name the Ita∣lian (their next neighbour) a Welsh-man, and his language Welsh.

* 1.1(2) This opinion Verstegan doth altogether contradict, rather judging by the ancient Teutonicke tongue, which the Germans spake and wherein the G is pronounced for W that these Saxons called them Gal∣lish from the Gaules, whence their originall proceeded, rather then Wal∣lish from strangers: which he thinketh could not be, considering their habitations so neere unto them; and that the like was in use, he pro∣veth by the words of French, Gardian for Wardian, Cornugalles for Corn∣walles, yea, and Galles for Wales, calling our most famous Edward, Prince of Galles, not Prince of Wales; in so much that the Countie of Lombardy, bordering along upon the Germans, was of them called Gall••a Cis al••ina, and at this day Welsh-land. So likewise do the Netherlanders call the Inhabitants of Hen••li and Artois, Wallen or Wallons, and s••me part of Brabant and Flanders, We••sh-Brabant, and Welsh Flanders, and all because of the language or lineage of the Gaules. Neither doe the meere Natives of Wales know any other name of their Countrey then Cambria of themselves, then Cambri or Cumri, or of their language then Cambraoc. But leaving this opinion free to his affection, we will proceed.

* 1.2(3) Wales therefore being anciently bounded as before, the Saxons did afterwards win by force from the Britaines, all the plain and cham∣pion Countrey over the River Dee; and especially Offa King of Mercia, made their limits straiter, by making a ditch of great breadth and depth, to be a Meare betwixth his Kingdome and Wales. This ditch is in many places to be seene at this day, and beares the name of Clawdh Offa, that is, Offaes Ditch. The Countrey between it and England is commonly called the Marches, and is for the most part inhabited by Welshmen, especially in North-Wales, even to the River Dee. This ad∣mirable trench began at Bassingwerke in Flintshire, between Chester and Ruthlan, and ran along the hils to the South Sea, a little from Bristow, reaching above hundred miles in length.

* 1.3(4) Silvester Giraldus makes the River Wye to be the Meare be∣tween England and Wales, on the South part, called South-Wales: whence he ascribeth the breadth of Wales unto Saint Davids in Mene∣via, to be an hundred miles; and the length from Caerlcon upon Vske in Gwentland, to Holly-head in Anglesey, an hundred miles, he might have said thirtie more.

* 1.4(5) About the yeare of Christ 870. our Alfred raigning in Eng∣land, Rodericus Magnus King of Wales did divide it into three Talaiths, Regions, or Territories, which were called Kingdomes, whose names both British and English, with their severall chiefe seats, follow.

1 Gwyneth, ENG. Northwa. chiefe seats, Abersraw in Mon. or Anglesey.
2 Powys, ENG. Powys Land. chiefe seats, * 1.5 Pengw••rn, removed to Mathraval.
3 Dehenbarth, EN. South-w. chiefe seats, Caermar••yn, removed to Dinevowr.

This Rodericus Magnus gave Venedotia, Gwineth or North-wales, to * 1.6 Anarawd his eldes sonne; to Ca••e••h his second, Demetia, Deheubarth or South-wales; and to Mervin his third sonne, Powys.

* 1.7(6) North-wales had upon the North-side, the Irish Sea, from the River Dee at Bassingwerke to Aberdyvi upon the West and South-west, the River Dyvi, which divideth it from South-wales, and in some places from Powysland And on the South and East, it is divided from Powys, sometimes with high hils, and sometimes with Rivers, till it come a∣gain to the River Dee. It is generally full of high mountaines, craggy Rocks, great woods, and deepe vallies, many straight dangerous places, deepe and swift Rivers.

(7) This Land was of old time divided into foure parts, * 1.8 Mon, * 1.9 Arvon, Meryonyth, and y Beruedhwlan, or the middle Countrey, and each of these were againe divided into severall Cantreves, and they subdivided into their Cymeden or Commo••, wherein we follow that division which was in the time of Llewylyn ap Gruffin, last Prince of Wales, according to a Copy imparted to me by a worshipfull friend * 1.10 and learned Antiquerie, as seeming farre more exact then that of * 1.11 Doctor Powels.

(8) Anglesey the chiefest, is separated from the maine Land with the River,* 1.12 Moenay, wherein at Aberfraw was the Princes Court, now a meane village. In this Iland is a faire Towne called Beau-marish, and a common passage to Ireland at Caer••ybi, in English, Holly head. This Anglesey hath ••antreves and Commots as followeth.

1 Cantrerhi Aberffraw or Aberffro, Cwmwd.
Llivon al. llion.
1
Mall traeth.
2
2 Can. Cemais. Cwmwd.
Talibolton.
3
Twr celyn.
4
3 Can. Rossir. Cwmwd.
Tendaethwy.
5
Moenay.
6

(9) Arvon,* 1.13 the second part of North-wales, is now called Canarvon∣shire, the strongest Countrey within that Principalitie, giving place to none for fertilitie of the ground, or for plentie of wood, cattell fish, and fowle, &c. Here are the Townes of Caernarvon, in old time called Caer-Segont, and Bangor the Bishops See, with divers other ancient Castles, and places of memory. This portion hath on the North, the Sea and Moenai; upon the East and South-east, the River Conwey, which divi∣deth it from Denbigh-shire: and on the South-west is separated from Merioneth, by Rivers, Mountaines and Meares; whose Cantreves and Commots are these.

4 Can. Aber. Cwm.
Llechred achaf.
7
Nant conwy.
8
Llechweddisaf.
9
5 Can. Arvon. Cwm.
Vwch gwyrfai.
10
Is gwyrfai.
11
6 Can. Dinodyn. al Danodic. Cwm.
Ardudwy.
12
Esionydd.
13
7 Can. Llyn. Cwm.
Cymymaen, alias Cwm••inam.
14
Tinllaen.
15
Canologion.
16

(10) Merioneth was the third of Gwyneth,* 1.14 and keepeth the name till this day: is full of hils, and much noted for the resort of peo∣ple that repaire thither to take Herrings. Upon the North it hath Ar∣von and Denbigh-shire; upon the South, Caerdigan shire; and upon the Last, Montgomery-shire, heretofore part of Powys. In this Countie stand∣eth the Towne of Harlech, and a great Lake called Llyn Tegyd. This Countrey is likewise full of Cattle, Fowle, and Fish; and hath in it great store of red Deere and Ro••s, but there is much scarcitie of Corn: whose Cantreves and Commots are as followeth.

8 Can. Merionyd, al Meirton. Cwm.
Talybont.
17
Pennal.
18
Yshm••ner, alias eshomaneyr.
19
9 Can. Arwystly. Cwm.
Vwch coed.
20
Is coed.
21
Gwarthrynion.
22
10 Can. Penllyn. Cwm.
Vwch Meloch.
23
Is Meloch.
24
Micnynt, a Micnaint.
25

(11) Y Bervedhwlad was the fourth part of Gwyneth,* 1.15 and may be called in English, The middle Countrey: is enclosed with hils, on the East, West, and South-parts, and with the Sea North-ward. It is plen∣tifull of Cattle, Fish and Fowle, as also of Corne: and is divided in the middest with the River Clayd▪ to which run a number of other Rivers from the hils. In this part is Dyffryn Clwyd, the fairest Valley within Wales, containing * 1.16 eighteene miles in length, and seven in breadth. In which is the Towne and Castle of Ricthlan, neere unto the Sea; and not farre thence, S. Assaph, an Episcopall Seat, betweene the Rivers Clwyd and Elwy. Herein stands the faire Towne and goodly Castle of Denbigh, situated upon a Rocke, the greatest Market-towne of North wales: and from thence is seene the Towne and Castle of Rutbyn, faire for prospect, and fruitfull for site. This part of North-wales, hath the Sea upon the North; Dee toward the East; Arvon, the River Conwey, and Merionyth upon the West; and the Countrey then called Powys, upon ths South. It hath Cantreves and Cummots, as ensuing

11 Can. Rhysonioc al Rhywyniawc. Cwm.
Vwch aled, al. alech.
26
is aled, al. alech.
27
12 Cant. Ystrat. Cwm.
Hiraethoc.
28
Cynmeircb.
29
13 Can. Rhos. Cwm.
Vwch••ulas.
30
Is dulas.
31
Ycrcuddyn.
32
14 Can. dyffrynn. Clwyd. Cwm.
Oleon, al. Cwmwt colian v••l Colegion.
33
Lian arth, al. Cwmwt ••annerch.
34
Ruthun.
35
Dogscilyn additur Cwm. Ystrat.
36
15 Can Tegaingl. Cwm. Inglefeild in Flint,
Cwnallt, al. Cwmwt cwmseled, or cownsyllt.
37
Prestatum, al. cwmwt prestan.
38
Rhudhlan.
39

And these were the Meares and bounds of the foure parts of Vene∣dotia, Gwineth, or North-wales.

(12) The second Talaith or Kingdome,* 1.17 was Mathraval or Powys. To this belonged the Country of Powys, and the Land betweene Wye and Severne. It had South-wales upon the South and West, with the Ri∣vers Wye and Tywy, and other Meares: upon the North Gwyneth; and

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of Wales

WALES

Page 100

upon the East, the Marches of England, from Chester to Wye, a little a∣bove Hereford.* 1.18 This part was divided into Powis Vadoc, Powis between Wye and Severne, and Powis Wenwynwyn. In Powis Vadoc is the Castle of Helt in Bromefeild, and the Castle of Chirke in Chirkeland; the Castle likewise of Whittington; the Lordship of Oswestry, with others. It had Cantreves and Commots, as followeth.

1 Can. Y. Barwm. Cwm.
Dinmael.
1
Edeirnion.
2
Glyndy••••rdwy.
3
2 Can. Y. Rhiw. Cwm.
Ial.
4
Ystrat alun.
5
Yrhob.
6
3 Can Vwch. nant. Cwm.
Maelor gymraci.
7
Maelor saesonec.
8
Merfford in Flintshire.
9
4 Can. Trefred. Cwm.
Croes vain.
10
Treu Owain.
11
Croes Oswall.
12
5 Can. Rhoyader. Cwm.
Mochnant is rhayadyr.
13
Cynllaith.
14
Nanbeudwy.
15

* 1.19(13) The second part of Powis, or the Territorie belonging to Mathraval, is Powis betweene Wye and Severne, (or Gwy and Hauren) whereof some is at this day in Montgomery-shire, some in Radnor-shire, and some in Brecknock-shire▪ and among sundry other, hath these Townes and Castles following.

Moantgovery: The Castle of Clin: The Towne of Knighton: The Castle of Cymaron: Presteyn: The towne and Castle of Radnor, called in Welsh, Ma••syvet, which is at this day the Shire-towne: The towne of Kinton, and the Castle of Huntingdon. The Cantreves and Commots are in number and name as ensueth.

6 Can. Melienyd. Cwm.
Ceri.
16
Swyd dugr al. seyd y gre.
17
Triallalli al. Rhy. VVallakt.
18
Glyn Ieitbton.
19
7 Can. Elfael. Cwm.
Vwch myn yah.
20
Is mynydb.
21
Llechdyunoc.
22
8 Can. Y. Clawd. Cwm.
Dyffryn Tyvediad al. Teyvediat.
23
Swyddinogion al. dhyuogen.
24
Penwellt.
25
9 Can. Buellt. Cwm.
Swyd y drevlys.
26
Swyd y bham.
27
I••yrron al. isyrwon.
28

* 1.20(14) The third part belonging to Mathraval (chiefe seat of Powys, after the Welsh were driven from Pengwern or Shrewsbury) was Powys Wenwynwyn; a Countrey full of Woods, Hils, and Rivers, having in it among others, the townes of Welsh, Poole, Newtowne, Machinlbaeth: Arustly was anciently in this part, but afterward it came to the Princes of Gwyneth. The Cantreves and Commots thereof ensue.

10 Can. Y. Virnwy. Cwm.
Mochnant vwchrhayadr.
29
Mechamis coed.
30
Llanner hudol.
31
11 Can. ystlys al. ystlic. Cwm.
Deudwr.
32
Gordwrisalh.
33
Gordwr uchau.
34
Ystrat marchell.
35
12 Can. Llyswynau. Cwm.
Caer Einion.
36
Mechain Vwchcoed.
37
13 Can. Cydewen. Cwm.
Cynan.
38
Hauren.
39
14 Can. Cynan. Cwm.
Cyfe••lioc.
40
Mawdhwy.
41

This may suffice, for the description of that which in old time was called Gwyneth and Powys.

* 1.21(15) It now remaineth that we describe the last Kingdome of Wales, called Demetia, Deheubarth, or the Telaith of Dinevowr, which although it was the greatest, yet was it not the best, because it was much molested with Flemings & Normans, and for that also divers parts thereof would not obey their Prince, as in Gwent, and in Morganwc.

* 1.22(16) This was subdivided into six parts, of which Caerdigan was the first, and is a Champion Countrey, without much wood. It hath Me∣rionyth shire on the North: part of Powys upon the East: Carmarden-shire and Pembroke-shire, with the River Tivi, upon the South: and upon the West the Irish Sea.* 1.23 In this part is the towne of Cardigan upon Tivi, not farre from the Sea; as also the towne of Aberystwyth upon the Ri∣ver Istwyth; and Lhanbadarnevawr, which in times past was a great San∣ctuary: there were also many Castles; as of Stra••meyrie, of Walter, of Llanrysted, of Dynerth, and of Aber Roydoll, &c. The Cantreves and Commots of Caerdigan are thus reckoned.

1 Can. Pennedic al. Penwedic. Cwm.
Geneur glyn.
1
Per••ed.
2
Creudyn
3
2 Can. Canawl. Cwm.
Mefenyd.
4
Anhiniawc al. Anhunec.
5
Pennarih.
6
3 Can. Cadell al. Cadall. Cwm.
Mab wynion.
7
Cacrwedros.
8
4 Can. Isirwern al. Syrwen. Cwm.
Gwinionyd.
9
Iscoed.
10

* 1.24(17) The second part was called Dyvett, and is at this day Pen∣broke-shire. It hath upon the North and West, the Irish Sea; upon the East, Carmarden-shire; and upon the South, Severne. There are in it sun∣dry Townes and Havens: among others, these: Penbroke: Tinby: Here••ord West, with the goodly and many branched Haven of Milford, called in VVelsh, Aberdaugledhett: S. Davids, or Meuevia, which is the chiefest See in Wales: Fiscard, called Abcrwayn: and Nowport, named Tresda••th. The Cantreves and Commots thereof are thus accounted.

Dyved.

1 Can. Emlyn. Cwm.
Vmch cuch.
6
Is cuch.
7
Esaellevaethyr, al. Lethet••yr.
8
2 Can. Aberth. Cwm.
Penthyn ar elais.
9
Esgair olyse al. estcrokf.
10
Talacharn.
11
3 Can. Dangleden. Cwm.
Amgoed.
12
Pennant.
13
Ef••lffre.
14
4 Can. Coed. Cwm.
Llanhacheden.
15
Castollgwis.
16
5 Can. Penuro. Cwm.
Co••dir baf.
17
Ma••nor vyrr.
18
Penuro.
19
6 Can. Rhos. Cwm.
Hwlffordh.
20
Castell gwalchmai.
21
y garn.
22
7 Can. Pebidiaw. Cwm.
Mynyw.
23
Pen caer.
24
Pebidioc.
25
8 Can. Camais. Cwm.
Vwch nefer.
26
Is nefer.
27
Trefdraeth.
28
9 Can. Finior. Cwm.
Harsryn.
29
Dersed.
30
••••••geneny.
31

(18) The third par•• was Caermarden-shire,* 1.25 which is a Countrey accounted the strongest part of all South-wales: as that which is full of high mountaines, great woods, and faire rivers, divided into these parts ensuing.

10 Can. Phinioc. Cwm.
Hirsryn.
32
Peruedh.
33
Is cenhen.
34
11 Can. Eginoc. Cwm.
Gwhyr.
35
Cydweli.
36
Carnwyllion.
37
12 Can. Bychan. Cwm.
Mallaen.
38
Caed.
39
Maenor deivi al. Deilo.
40
13 Can. Mawr. Cwm.
Cethinioc.
41
Mab eluyd al. El••yw.
42
Mab V••hdrud.
43

(19) The fourth, called Morganwc, now Glamorgan-shire,* 1.26 hath on the South, the Severne Sea, which divideth it from Devon-shire and Corne-wall: upon the West and North-west. Caermarden-shire: upon the North-east, Brecknock shire; and upon the East, Monmouth-shire: whose Can∣treves and Commots are as followeth.

...Morgannwe.
Rhw••g Neth a Thawy.
44
14 Cronerth. al. Cronarth. Cwm.
Rhwng Neth ac avan.
45
Tir ythwndred.
46
Tir yrbarll.
47
Macnor glyn Ogwr.
48
Meliscen.
49
15 Can. Pen. ythew. Cwm.
Glynn Rhodne.
50
Macnor daly van al. talavan.
51
Macnor Rhuthun.
52
16 Can. Brenhinawl. Cwm.
Cibwrn.
53
Saing henyd.
54
Vwch Cayach.
55
Is Cayach.
56
17 Can. Gwennllws. Cwm.
Yr Haid, al. yr hard ganol.
57
Cenawl.
58
Cithas, al. eitha•• dylg gion.
59
dlygton.
60

(20) The fifth, now called Gwent, and in Monmouth-shire,* 1.27 hath in it the ancient Citie of Caerlheon upon Vsk. There ae also divers Towns and Castles, as Chepstow, Glynstrygul, Ros, Tynterne upon the River Wye, &c. This is a faire and fertile Countrey. It hath on the West, Glamorgan and Brocknock-shires: upon the North, Hereford-shire: upon the East, Glocester-shire: with the River Wye and the River Severne upon the South and South-east: whose division is as followeth.

18 Can. vch coet gwent. Cw.
Vwchmynydh.
61
yt ••oed.
62
Llefynyd.
63
Tref y grue.
64
19 Can. Iscoed. Cwm.
Bryn Bugas.
65
Vwchcoed.
66
Ytairlief.
67
Ergin.
68
Enas.
69
Cantreu Coch, or Forrest Avena, the Forrest of Deane. 70

(21) The last is Brecknock-shire,* 1.28 for the most part full of mountaines, woods, and rivers. This Countrey is both great and large, being full of faire Plaines and Vallyes for Corne: it hath plentie of thicke VVoods, Forrests, and Parkes. It is full also of cleare and deepe Rivers, of which Severne is the chiefest, although there be other faire Rivers, as Vske and the like.

Brychee vioc.

20 Can. Selyf. Cwm.
Selyf.
71
Trahayarne.
72
21 Can. Canawl. Cwm.
Talgarth.
73
Ystrat yw.
74
Eglwys Iaiil or Brwynllys.
75
22 Can. Mawr. Cwm.
Tir Ranwlff al. Raulph.
76
Lliwel.
77
Cruc Howel 30.
78

(22) Thus farre concerning the ancient Welsh division by Talaiths Cantreves, and Commots: but the present division distributeth them more compendiously into two Countries, and twelve Shires, enacted so by Parliament under King * 1.29 Henry the eight. The Countries are North-wales and South-wales, which have shared, and as it were devou∣red between them, all Powys-land; each of which Countries containes sixe Shires.

North-wales. Angelesey. South-wales. Caerdigan.
North-wales. Caernarvon. South-wales. Pembroke.
North-wales. Merionyth. South-wales. Carmarden.
North-wales. Denbigh. South-wales. Glamorgan.
North-wales. Flint. South-wales. Brecknocke.
North-wales. Montgomery. South-wales. Radnor.

But whereas Monmouth-shire, and Radnor, were anciently parts, the first of South-wales, the other of Powys-land: Monmouth-shire by * 1.30 Act of Parliament also under the same King, was pluckt away wholly from Wales, and laid to England, one of whose Counties and Shires, it was from that time forward, and is at this present reckoned; and Radnor-shire (as it were in lieu thereof) is comprehended in South-wales. Hum∣phrey Hluyd a Welsh Gentleman, in his Epistle and Map of old Wales, maketh mention of a West-wales, which he calleth Demetia and Dyfer, the one the Latine, and the other the British name thereof: but because it is wholly swallowed up by this last division, we will not perplexe the Reader with superfluous and impertinent recitals.

Page 101

PEMBROKE-SHIRE. CHAPTER III.

* 1.31PEMBROKE-SHIRE, the fur∣thest Promontorie of all West-Wales, lieth parted on the North from Cardigan-shire with the Rivers Tyuy and Keach; and on the East is con∣fronted by Caermarden-shire; the South and West shooting farre into the Irish Seas, is with the same altogether washed.

* 1.32(2) The forme thereof is longer then it is broad; for from S. Gouens South-point to Cardigan-bridge in the North, are twenty sixe miles; the Easterne Landenie to Saint Davids point in the West, are twenty, the whole in circumference is ninety-three miles.

* 1.33(3) The ayre is passing temperate, by the report of Giraldus, who confirmeth his reason from the site of Ireland, against which it butteth, and so neer ad∣joyned, that King Rufus thought it possible to make a bridge of his ships over the Sea,* 1.34 whereby he might passe to Ireland on foot.

* 1.35(4) Anciently it was possessed by the Demetia, further branched into Cardigan and Caermarden-shires, as in that County hath beene said, and in the Saxons Conquest and Heptarchie, by the Britaines for∣ced into those parts for refuge, whither Henry the first,* 1.36 and third of the Normans King, sent certaine Flemings (whose Countrey was overwhelmed with the breaking in of the Seas) to inhabit the maritime Tract called Rosse, lying West upon the River Dou∣gledye. These Dutchmen (saith Giraldus) were a strong and stout Nation, inured to warres, and accustomed to seeke gaine by Clothing, Traffique, and Tillage, and ever ready for the Field to fight it out: adding withall that they were most loyall to the English, and most faithfull to the English-men. Whereupon Malmesbury writeth thus: Many a time did King William Rufus assaile the Welsh, but ever in vain: which is to be wondred at, con∣sidering his other fortunate successe. But (saith he) it may be the unevennesse of the ground, and sharpnesse of the aire, that maintained their courage, and impeached his valour:* 1.37 which to redresse, King Henry his brother found means; for those Flemings, who in regard of his mothers kindred by the Fathers side, sorely pestred and endamma∣ged the English, he sent into Wales, both to purge and dis∣burden his own Kingdome, and to quell and keepe backe the courage of his enemies. These then here seated, de∣ceived not his expectation, but so carried them∣selves in his quarrell, that they seldome communi∣cated with their neighbors, so that to this day they speake not the Language, and the Countrey is yet called Little England beyond Wales.

* 1.38(5) The commodities of this Shire are Corne, Cattle, Sea-fish, and Fowle, and in Giraldus his daies of saleable wines, the Havens being so commodious for ships arrivage: such is that at Tenby, and Milford, an Haven of such capacitie, that sixteene Creeks, five Bayes, and thirteene Roads, known all by se∣verall names, are therein contained, where Henry of Richmond, of most happy memory, arrived with sig∣nall hopes of Englands freedom from under the go∣vernment of an usurping Tyrant.

(6) Neer unto this is Pembroke the Shire-towne seated,* 1.39 more ancient in shew then it is in years, and more houses without Inhabitants, then I saw in any one City throughout my Survey. It is walled long∣wise, and them but indifferent for repair, contain∣ing in circuit eight hundred and fourescore pases, having three gates of passage, and at the West end a large Castle, and locked-causey, that leads over the water to the decaied Priorie of Monton. The site of this Towne is in the degree of Longitude, as Mercator doth measure, 14. and 55. minutes, and the elevation from the North-pole in the degree of Latitude 52.

(7) A City as barren is old Saint Davids,* 1.40 neither clad with Woods, nor garnished with Rivers, nor beautified with fields, nor adorned with Meadows, but lieth alwaies open both to winde and stormes. Yet hath it been a Nursery to holy men; for herein lived Calphurnius, a Britaine Priest, whose wife was Concha, sister to Saint Martin, and both of them the parents of Saint Patricke the Apostle of Ireland. Deui a most religious Bishop, made this an Archiepisco∣pall See, removed from Isca Legionum. This the Bi∣taines call Tuy Dwey, the house of Deui; the Saxons, Dauyo Mynden; we Saint Davids; A Citie with few Inhabitants, & no more houses then are inserted in the draught; yet hath it a faire Cathedrall Church, dedicated to S. Andrew and David, in the middest of whose Quier lieth entombed Edmund Earle of Richmond,* 1.41 father to K. Henry the seventh: whose Monument (as the Prebends told me) spared their Church from other defacements, when all went down under the hammers of King Henry the eight. About this is a faire wall, and the Bishops Palace all of free stone, a goodly house I assure you, and of great receit, whose uncovered tops cause the curi∣ous workes in the walles daily to weepe,* 1.42 and them to feare their downfall ere long.

(8) But Monton the Priory, and S. Dogmels, places of devout piety erected in this Countie, found not the like favour, when the commission of their disso∣lutions came down against them, and the axes of destruction cut down the props of their walles.

(9) This Shire hath been strengthned with six∣teen Castles, besides two Block-houses, commanding the mouth of Milford Haven, and is stil traded in five Market-towns, being divided into seven hundreds and in them seated one hundred fourty five Parish-Churches, as in the Table annexed followeth.

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of Pembrokeshire

PENBROKSHYRE described AND THE SITTUATIONS both of PENBROKE and S^t. DAVIDS shewed in due form as they were taken by Iohn Speed

Page 102

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Pembroke-Shire.

HVNDREDS in Pembroke-shire.

1. KIlgarran.
2. Kemes
3. Dewyslave.
4. Dungledy.
5. Rowse.
6. Narberth.
7. Castle-Martyn

Ambleston, Dung.
Amrothe, Nar.
S. Anne chappell, Rows.
S. Ayluew, Dew.

Bayuill, Kem.
Benton castle, Rows.
Bigelly, Nar.
The Bishop and his Clarks, Dew
Bletherstone, Dung.
Blookhouse, Cast.
Blookhouse, Rows.
Boheston, Nar.
Bolton hill, Rows.
Bosherston, Cast.
Boyuill, Kem.
S. Brides, Rows.
S. Brides Island, Rows.
Broad haven, Cast.
Brody, Dew.
Brydell, Kil.
Bulston, Dung.
Burlaxton, Cast.
Burton, Rows.

Caldey Island, Cast.
Camros, Rows.
Cannaston, Nar.
Capell colman, Kil.
Capell Kiluerwir, Kil.
Capell castelhan, Kil.
Capell Michangell, Kem.
Capell Daniells, Cast.
Capell Gorid, Dew.
South Carew, Cast.
Carew, Nar.
Castle-bighe, Kem.
Castle-henry, Kem.
Castle-martin, cast.
Castle-male, Kem.
S. Catherins, Dew.
Clarbeston, Dung.
Cleydei, Kil.
Clethy flu.
Clothy flu.
Coidrath forrest, Nar.
Coidhenles, Nar.
Cosheston, cast.
The Cow and the Calfe, Dew.
Creno, Nar.
Creswell, Nar.
Crosford, cast.
Crunuaier, Nar.
Crynowe, Dung.

Dale, Rows.
Dale rock, Rows.
S. DAVIDS, Dew.
S. Davids head, Dew.
S. Dogmels, Kem.
S. Dogwells, Dew.
Doluath haven, Dew.
Dungledye flu.
Dynas, Kem.
Dynas head, Kem.
Dynnaston, Nar.

Earware, Nar.
S. Edryns, Dew.
Egremond, Nar.
Egloiswithen, Kem.
Eglosserow, Kem.
S. Eluywes, Dew.
Esington, cast.

Ferye house, Cast.
FISHGARD, Kem.
The Fleete, cast.
S. Florens, cast.
The Flit, cast.
Flymston, cast.
Freistrope, Rows.
Fresh-water, cast.
Fresh-water Flu.

Gateholme Island, Rows.
Gelswicke, Rows.
Giltor point, cast.
Goltop rode, Rows.
S. Gowers, cast.
S. Gowers point, cast.
Graftone, Dew.
Gromsfreston, Nar.
Gupton, cast.
Gwyne flu.

Haiscastle, Dew.
Haradstone, alias S. Ismaells, Row.
Harberston, Rows.
Hareston wes••, Rows.
Harismote, Kem.
Hascard, Rows.
Little Haven, Rows.
HAVERFORD WEST, Row
Hentl••nd, cast.
Hockwood. Rows.
Hoge••ton, cast.
The Horse, Dew.
Haberston, Rows.

Iameston, cast.
Iohnson, Rows.
Iordanston, Dew.
Iesfreston, Nar.
S. Ismaells, Rows.
S. Issells, Nar.

S. Katerens rock, cast.
S. Katterns, Dew.
Keach Flu.
Keirkmale, cast.
Keirkmahern, cast.
Keuen bryn, Kil.
Kilguyne, Kem.
Kilgarran, Kil.
Kilpaston, cast.
Kilredin, Kil.
Kiluane, Nar.
Kingsrode, Rows.
Knowlton, Rows.

Lady Chappell, cast.
Lamston, Rows.
Llanbederuerfrey, Nar.
Llandeloy, Dew.
Llandewy, Nar.
Llandisillio, Dung.
Llandilo, Kem.
Llanedryn, Dew.
Llangan, Dung.
Llanglas head, Dew.
Llangolman, Kem.
Llangone, Rows.
Llanhaddon, Dung.
Llanhowell, Dew.
Llanllawharne, Kem.
Llanpeter, Nar.
Llanrythan, Dew.
Llanryan, Dew.
Llanstadwell, Rows.
Llanstynan, Dew.
Llantfray, Cast.
Llantfray court, Cast.
Llantood, Kil.
Llanuair nantygove, Kem.
Llanuallteg, Dung.
Llanuienaghe, Kem.
Llanuihangell penpedo, Kil.
Llanunda, Dew.
Llanuurnach, Kil.
Llanwrenny, Nar.
Llanychaeth, Kem.
Llanychlloydog, Kem.
Llanykeuen, Dung.
Lamphey, Cast.
Lamston, Rows.
Lawhaden, Dung.
Lawreny, Nar.
S. Lawrence, Dew.
S. Leonards Chappell, Dung.
Letterston, Dew.
Leuaston, Cast.
Loueston, Nar.
Ludchurch, Nar.
Ludsop, Cast.
Ludsop point, Cast.
Lynyerew, Cast.
Lly••yuran, Dung.

Maunclochog, Kem.
Manachllogddy, Kem.
Mauerbyre, Cast.
Manernawen, Dew.
S. Margrets Chappell, Rows.
Marlas, Rows.
Martletwy, Nar.
Meherye hill, Nar.
Meherye Castle, Nar.
Melyney, Kem.
Menerdyuy, Kil.
Merian, Cast.
Mewston, Rows.
Milford haven, Rows.
Midland Island, Rows.
Moelgroue, Kem.
Monington, Kem.
Morthry, Dew.
Moruill, Kem.
The More, Kem.
Mouncton, Nar.
Mouncton, Cast.
Mucton Chappell, Nar.
Munkerston rocke, Nar.
Mynwere, Nar.

Nangle, Cast.
Nantgwyne, Kem.
Narberth, Nar.
Narberth forrest, Nar.
Nashe, Cast.
Nesseton, Rows.
Nuerne Flu.
Neuerne, Kem.
Newcastle, Kem.
Newmoate, Dung.
NEWPORT, Kem.
Newton, Rows.
Newton, Cast.
Newton, Nar.
S. Nicholas, Dew.
Nolton, Rows.
S. Nones, Dew.
Northard, Cast.
Northard, Cast.

Orleton, Cast.
Osmaston, Dung.

Paterchurch, Cast.
Penallye, Cast.
PENBROCK. Cast.
Pencelly vych••n, Kem.
Penkenmas point Kem.
Penner west, Cast.
Penner east, Cast.
Penner mouth, Cast.
Penrith, Kil.
Pentuaen, Kem.
Percely hill, Kem.
S. Petrox, Cast.
Pickton castle Dung.
Plumston rock, Rows.
Pontuaine, Kem.
Popton east, Cast.
Popton west, Cast.
Portolais, Dew.
Pouchardston, Kem.
Prendergast, Dung.
The Priory, Rows.
Pulchrochan, Cast.
Pylles, Rows.

Ramsey Island, Dew.
Rate Island, Cast.
Redboxton, Dung.
Red castle, Nar.
Redhart.
Rednalston, Nar.
Rieston, Dew.
Rihye rock, Dew.
Rise castle point, Dung.
Robeston, Nar.
Robeston, Rows.
Roche, Rows.
Roche castle, Rows.
Roche castle hill, Rows.
Roscrochan, Cast.
Rosse Market, Rows.
Rynoston, Dung.
Rywalton, Nar.

Sandy, Rows.
Sandy haven, Rows.
Scaline Island, Rows.
Sheepe Island, Rowse.
Shirlate rock, Dew.
Sister houses, Nar.
Slebeche, Dung.
Spittell, Dung.
Stack rocke, Cast.
Stackpole, Cast.
Stackpoole orde, Cast.
S. Stevens, Dew.
Steynton•• Rows.
Stokeholme Island, Rows.
Strumblehead, Dew.

Telbeny, Rows.
Templeton, Nar.
Trauegare, Dew.
Trelloyne, Cast.
Treuenyth, Dew.
Treuethell, Kem.
Trewgarne, Rows.
Trewent, Cast.
S. Twynelles, Cast.
TYNBY, Nar.
Tyuy Flu.

Vggarston mill, Cast.
Vpton, Nar.

Wallwyn castle, Rows.
Walton, Rows.
Walton, Dung.
Whitchurch, Kem.
Whitechurch, Dew.
Whitsand bay, Dew.
Williamston, Nar.
Wiston, Dung.
Withamston parke, Nar.
Woram, Cast.
Wrennyuair hill, Kil.

Yarbeston, Nar.
Yardlandstone, Rows.

Page 103

CAERMARDEN-SHIRE. CHAPTER IIII.

CAERMARDEN-SHIRE, so cal∣led from the chiefe Town Caer∣marden,* 1.43 lyeth bordered upon the North with Cardiganshire, upon her East, by Breknock and Gla∣morgan-shires; upon the South, with a Bay of the British Seas; and upon the West with Pembroke-shire.

* 1.44(2) The forme of this County is long, and shoot∣eth it selfe from the South-west into the North and by-East, betwixt whose furthest bounds are thirtie-five English miles, and in her broadest part twentie; the whole in circumference about one hundred and two miles.

* 1.45(3) This Shire is not altogether so pestred with hils as her bordering neighbours are: and those that she hath, neither so high nor so thicke, and therefore is better for Corn and Pasturage, yea and in Woods also, so that for victuals this Countrey is very well stored, which the stomacke doth as well digest, the aire being wholesome, temperate, and pleasing.

* 1.46(4) Anciently these parts were possessed by the Dimetre, as P••olemie, Gildas, and Ninius doe name them: though Plinie holds opinion that they were part of the Silures, with whom no doubt they were subdued to the Romanes yoke by Iulius Frontinus, when he struggled with the rocky hils in those Sou∣therne parts.* 1.47 And this Countie is accounted by Writers to be the very strength of South-wales. In the West thereof, at Kilmanlloid (as it should seeme) their Legions kept, where lately an earthen Pot hoarded with store of Romane Coynes,* 1.48 was by the spade digged up, being stamped upon imbased silver, from the time of Commodus unto the first Tribuneship of Gordian the third, which fell in the yeere of Christ two hundred fortie three: and amongst these were the Coines of Helvius Pertinax, Marcus Opellius, Antonius Diadumenianus, Iulius Verus Maximus, the sonne of Maximus, of Caelius Balbinus, of Clodius Pu∣pienus, of Aquilia Severa, the wife of Heliogabalus, and of Sall. Barbia Orbiana, pieces rarely found.

* 1.49(5) The commodities of this Shire chiefly consist in Cattle, Pit-coale, Fowle, and Sea-fish, whereof the Salmon is common among them, and that of such greatnesse and plentie, as no place is better furnished therewith then the Shire-Town Caermarden is.

* 1.50(6) Which Towne by Ptolemie is called Mari∣dunum; by Antonine the Emperour, Muridunum; by the Britaines, Caerfridhin; and by us, Caermarden. It is pleasantly seated upon the South-west side of the River Touy, that runneth thorow the middest of this Shire, and falleth South from hence into the British Sea, where before-times was a convenient Haven for Ships arrivage, but now is sore pestred with sands and shelfes: notwithstanding some small Vessels ascend up the River, even unto the Bridge of this Towne, which is fairely built of free stone. And over the same, upon a hanging Rocke, standeth a very large Castle, from whose stone-wall another intermingled with brick rangeth about the Towne, being in circuit one thousand and foure hundred paces. The Inhabitants of this place doe not a little glory of their Merlin, who (as they say) was therein borne, the sonne of a bad Angel, or of an Incubus spirit, the Britaines great Apollo, whom Geffrey ap Ar∣thur would ranke with the Scoth-saying Seer, or ra∣ther with the true Prophets themselves; being none other then a meere Seducer and phantasticall Wi∣zard:* 1.51 which howsoever Alani de Insulis in his Com∣mentaries hath laboured to unlock those darke and hidden Similies, wherewith his book is pestred and full, yet was it not without cause forbid the read∣ing by the Councell of Tren••, as vaine, and not worthy of countenance or credit.

At the entrance of the Normans, this Towne was brought under their obedience, and for a long time was distressed with the calamities of warre, yet after∣wards was made by the English Princes the Chaun∣cery and Exchequer for all South-wales: and at this day is yeerely governed by a Major, who ever after is an Alderman and Justice of the Peace, two Sheriffes elected out of sixteene Burgesses, all of them in skar∣let, a Sword-bearer, a Town-clerke, and two Sergeants with Maces: from whence the Pole is raised 52. de∣grees 15. minutes in Latitude, and for Longitude is in the degree 15. and 30. minutes from the first point in the West, according to Mercator.

(7) East from this place are the ruines of Carreg-Castle,* 1.52 which stood mounted on a high hill, under the which many vaults and spacious Caves farre into the ground are seene, wherein is thought the people unable to fight, were therein secured in time of their warres. Where also is a Well (take the report from Giraldus, who writeth it) that in this place twice in foure and twentie houres ••bbing, and twice flowing, re∣sembleth the unstable motions of the maine Sea.

(8) This Shire is watered with twenty-eight Ri∣vers and Riverets of name,* 1.53 strengthened with ten Castles, traded in six Market-Towns, divided into six Hundreds, wherein are seated fourescore and seven Parish-Churches, whose names are inserted in the Table following.

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of Carmarthenshire

Anno Domini 1010 CAERMARDEN Both Shyre and Towne described

Page 104

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Caermarden-shire.

HVNDREDS in Caermarden-shire.

1. CAthinok.
2. Cayo.
3. Perueth.
4. Kidwellye.
5. Elluet.
6. Derllys.

Abarmarlas, Cayo.
Abergerlech, Cathinok.
Abergwillye, Elluet.
Aberwenly, Kidwell.
Amond Flu.

Bachhannis Island, Kidwell.
Bettus, Kidwell.
Bettus, Elluet.
Brane Flu.
Brechua ygothy, Cathinok.

CAERMARDEN, Elluet.
Caier Flu.
Calicote point, Kidwell.
Cardyth Forest, Derllys.
Castle Carreg, Kidwell.
Carthkenye Flu.
Cledagh Flu.
S. Cleres, Derllys.
Combeny Flu.
Comgwilye, Elluet.
Conwill Elluet, Elluet.
Conwillgaio, Cayo.
Cothy Flu.
Cowen Flu.

Denever Castle, Cayo.
Capell Dewye, Kidwell.
Dulas Flu.
Dulas Flu.
Dalashe Flu.
Druston Castle, Cayo.
Capell Duthgye, Kidwell.
Castle Dyram, Derllys.

Ebernant, Elluet.
Egermont, Derllys.
Eglosuaier aching, Derllys.
Eglosuaier, Derllys.
Eglyskymyn, Derllys.
Capell Euan. Elluet.

Glanranelthe, Elluet.
Glyn, Kidwell.
Golden grove, Kidwell.
Capell Gunllo, Kidwell.
Gwendrath vaure Flu.
Capell Gwenvye▪ Kidwell.
Gwilye Flu.

Hawton, Kidwell.
Heullan amgoed, Derllys.

S. Ismaels, Kidwell.
S. Ismaels point, Kidwell.
Istrad merther, Kidwell.
Istradworell, Elluet.
Istradwalter, Perueth.
Istrodfyne, Perueth.

Keach Flu.
Kennarth, Elluet.
KIDWELLYE, Kidwell.
Kiffike, Derllys.
Kilcombe, Cayo.
Kilmaenlloid, Derllys.
Kilredyn, Elluet.
Kilsant, Derllys.
Kiluargon, Cathinok.
Kilycon, Cayo.

Llanarthney, Kidwell.
Llaubrayne, Perueth.
Llanboydy, Derllys.
Llanbyther, Cathinok.
Llandach, Derllys.
Llandebea, Kidwell.
Llandebye, Kidwell.
Capell Llandedery, Kidwell.
Llandessillio, Derllys.
Llandilo Iskenen, Kidwell.
Llandingate, Perueth.
Llandingat in Cayo, Cayo.
Llandeuaylog, Kidwell.
Llandeuayson, Cayo.
Llandylo in Peruethe, Perueth.
Llandylo abercowen, Derllys.
LLANDILO in Cayo, Cayo.
Llanedye, Kidwell.
Llanegwad in Cathinok, Cathinok.
Llanegwad in Elluet, Elluet.
Llanellye, Kidwell.
LLANELTHYE, Kidwel.
LLANGADOKE, Perueth.
Llangainge, Derllys.
Llangann, Derllys.
Llangather, Cathinok.
Llangathan, Cayo.
Llangeller, Elluet.
Capell Llangellbithon, Kidw.
Llangenarth, Kidw.
Llanghor Flu.
Llanglodwen, Derllys.
Llangomer, Kidw.
Llangynn, Derllys.
Llangynderum, Kidw.
Llangynnok, Derllys.
Llanharne, Derllys.
Llanhedy, Derllys.
Llanllawthog, Elluet.
Capell Llanlloch, Elluet.
Llanllonye, Cathinok.
Capell Llanpymsent, Cayo.
Llanpymsaint, Elluet.
Llansadorn, Perueth.
Llansadornen, Derl.
Llansant, Kidw.
Llansawill, Cayo.
Llanstephan, Derl.
Llantharoke, Kidw.
Capell Llanthithgayne, Kidw.
Llanthonor, Derl.
Llanthowie, Perueth.
Llanthoysant, Perueth.
Llannun, Kidw.
Llanvair arbryn, Perueth.
Llanvaier, Derl.
Llanualteg, Derl.
Llanuenith, Cathinok.
Llanvyhangell Abercowen, Derl.
Llanvyhangell Orarth, Cathinok.
Llanvyhangell Aberbythyth, Kidw.
Llanwenye, Derl.
Llanwrda, Cayo.
Llauwnnyo, Derl.
Llanycrise in Cayo, Cayo.
Llanycrois in Cathinok, Cathin.
Llanyhangell ugwely, Elluet.
LLANYMTHEFRY, Perueth.
Llanyhangell Roscorne, Cathinok.
Lleghdeny, Kidw.
Lloynhowell, Cayo.
Lloughor Flu.

Marlas Flu.
Marros, Derl.
Mathern Flu.
Merthyr, Elluet.
Morlas Flu.
Mothvay, Perueth.
Muthvey Flu.
Mydrym, Derl.

Newcastle Emlyn, Elluet.
Newchurch, Elluet.
Capell Newith, Perueth.
Newton, Cayo.
S. Nicholas, Elluet.

Parkreame, Kidw.
Penbray poynt, Kidw.
Penbeyt, Elluet.
Penbrey, Kidw.
Capell Pencader, Cathinok.
Pencarrek, Cathinok.
Pendyne, Derl.
Penwernolye, Cathinok.
Pescotter Flu.
Prenagrois, Kidw.
Capell Pylin, Perueth.

Sauthey Flu.

Taue Flu.
Talacouth, Elluet.
Talley, Cayo.
Towa Flu.
Towy Flu.
Towy haven, Derl.
Trausnant, Flu.
Treleghe, Elluet.
Trynsaren, Kidw.
Turch Flu.
Turghe Flu.
Tylo, Kidw.
Tyvy Flu.

Whitland, Derl.

Page 105

* 1.54GLAMORGAN-SHIRE, as some thinke, named from Prince Mor∣gan the possessor thereof, or ac∣cording to others, is taken from Morgan an Abbey, founded by William Earle of Gloucester, up∣on the Sea-shoare in the South of this Shire, lyeth bounded up∣on that part altogether with the British Sea; the West by Loghor, is parted from Caermarden-shire; the North butteth upon the Countie of Breknok; and the East by Remney is divided from Monmouth.

* 1.55(2) The forme of this Shire groweth still wider from her West-point, spreading her broadest touch in the East, betwixt which extreames I finde by mea∣sure to be well-neere fortie English miles, and from North to South, not altogether twentie: the whole in circumference, about one hundred and twelve miles.

* 1.56(3) The ayre is temperate, and gives more con∣tent to the minde, then the Soile doth fruit or ease unto Travellers. The hils being high and very many, which from the North notwithstanding are lessened as it were by degrees; and towards the Sea-coasts, the Countrey becommeth somewhat plaine, which part is the best both for plentie of Graine, and popu∣lous of Inhabitants. The rest all mountaine, is re∣plenished with Cattle, which is the best meanes unto wealth that this Shire doth affoord; upon whose Hils you may behold whole Herds of them feeding, and from whose Rocks, most cleere springing wa∣ters thorow the vallies trickling, which sportingly doe passe with a most pleasant sound, and did not a little revive my wearied spirits among those vast mountaines, imployed in their search: whose infan∣cy at first admitted an easie step over; but grown unto strength, more boldly forbad me such passage, and with a more sterne countenance held on their jour∣ney unto the British Seas:* 1.57 and Tave among these is accounted for a chiefe.

* 1.58(4) Upon whose fall, and East-banke, the fairest Towne of all South-Wales is seated, the Britains Caer∣did, the English Caerdiffe, which Fitz-Haimon fortifi∣ed with a Wall and Castle, in the Raigne of King Ru∣fus, when he and his Norman Knights had overcome Rhese the Prince of these parts, and thrust our Iestine from his lawfull possession. This Towne he made his own Seat and Court of Justice, enjoyning his Consorts to give aide to this honour, and to hold their portions in vassallage of him. Strong was the Castle, as by the trust therein reposed may well ap∣peare,* 1.59 where the youngest brother Beauclark kept captive the eldest Curthose,* 1.60 both of them sonnes to the Conquerour, the space of twentie-sixe yeeres. This Castle is large, and in good repaire, whence the Towne-wall went both South and East to the Rivers side, thorow which, foure Gates enter into the foure windes, and contain in compasse nine hun∣dred and twenty pases; and along the River (a sure defence) upon her West side, three hundred more, so that the Towne containeth in circuit twelve hun∣dred and fourescore pases. But as the Tave is a friend to the Towne, in making a Key for arrivage of ship∣ping; so is she a foe to S. Maries Church in the South, with undermining her foundations, and threatning her fall. The Towne is governed by a Major, yeere∣ly elected out of twelve Aldermen, assisted with o∣ther twelve Burgesses, a Town-Clerke, foure Con∣stables, and two Sergeants with Mace: whose site is observed from the North-Starre to lie in the degree of Latitude,* 1.61 51. and 49. scruples; and from the first point in the West, 16. and 52. scruples.

(5) In the same graduation almost is sited the Citie Landaf,* 1.62 wherein is a Castle and Cathedrall Church, dedicated to S. Telean, Bishop of the same, without any other memorable matter worthy the speaking of.

(6) But things of strange note are these, by the report of Giraldus,* 1.63 who affirmeth, that In a Rocke or Cliffe upon the Sea-side, and Iland Barry, lying neere the South-East point of this County,* 1.64 is heard out of a little Chinke (let him take heed what he saith) the noise as it were of Smiths at their worke; one whiles the blowing of Bellowes to increase the heat, then the stroakes of the Hammer, and sound of the Anvile; sometimes the noise of the Grind-stone in grinding of Iron tooles; then the his∣sing sparks of Steele-gads, as they flie from their beating, with the puffing noise of flames in a Furnace. And whe∣ther this is the place whereof Clemens Alexandrinus speaketh,* 1.65 I determine not; where in his writings he hath these words: They that have recorded Histories (saith he) doe say that in the Ile of Britaine, there is a certaine Hole or Cave under the bottome of an hill, and on the top thereof a gaping Chinke, into the which when the wind is gathered, and tossed to and fro in the wombe or concavitie thereof, there is heard above, a sound of Cym∣bals: for the winde being driven backe from his hole, is forced to make a loud sound at her vent.

(7) More Westward from hence, upon the River Ogmore, and neere unto Newton, in a sandy plaine, about an hundred pases from Severne, there spring∣eth a Well,* 1.66 though not of the clearest water, where at the flowing and fulnesse of the Sea, can hardly any water be gotten; but at the ebbe and fall of tyde it walloweth up amaine. The cause may be, as Polybius reports of the like at Cadys;* 1.67 wherein the windie aire, when it is deprived of his wonted issues, forcibly returneth, shutting and stopping up the passages and veines of the Spring, whereby the waters are kept in. But contrariwise, when the surface thereof is voyd and emptie of water, the veines of the Source or Spring are unstopped and set free, which then boyleth up in great abundance.

(8) And upon the same shoare more North and by West,* 1.68 on the top of a hill called Minyd-Margan, is erected a Monument inscribed with a strange Cha∣racter, and as strange a conceit held thereof by the by-dwellers, whose opinions are possessed, that if a∣ny man reade the same, he shall shortly after die.

This Shire, as it is the furthest Coast of South-wales, and lay open to sorraine invasion; so was it fortified with twenty five stronger Castles, whereof times and stormes have devoured the most:* 1.69 such were Barry, Saint Doneits, Denispowes, Morlashe, Meneshe, Loghor, Llāddeny, Llāquian, Oxwich, Oystermouth, Ogmor, Pise, Porkery, Pennarth, Winston, Newcastle, Caerfly, Coche, Pe∣ullyn, Kethligarne, Kenfeage, Tallavan, Treer and Cothy.

Neither was the County so ill seated for sufficien∣cie of life, or barren of graine, but that therein were planted places for divine pietie:* 1.70 such were Neeth, Margan, and Caerdif, besides the Episcopall See of Landaf: which last still remaineth; the other three suppressed among the fall of their like, under King Henry the eight.

This Shire is divided into ten Hundreds,* 1.71 wherein are seated sixe Market-Townes, and one hundred and eighteene Parish-Churches, as in the Card and Table annexed, more at large appeareth.

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of Glamorganshire

GLAMORGAN SHYRE With the sittuations of the cheife towne CARDYFF and ancient LANDAFFE described.

Page 116

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Glamorgan-shire.

HUNDREDS in Glamorgan-shire.

1. SWanzey.
2. Llangevelach.
3. Neath.
4. Newcastle.
5. Llantrissent.
6. Caerfily.
7. Ogmor.
8. Cowbridge.
9. Denispowys.
10. Cardif.

ABERAVON, New.
Aberdare, Llant.
Aberpirgum, Neath.
Aberthawe east, Denis.
Aberthowe west, Cow.
S. Androwes, Denis.
Arthurs Buts hill, Llant.
Saint Athon Cow.
Avon Flu.

Bachhannis Island, Swan.
Backinston, Swan.
Baglane, Neath.
Barry, Denis.
Barry Island, Denis.
Bettus Chappell, New.
Beveerton, Cow.
Bewpeere, Cow.
Bishopston, Swan.
Boulston, Denis.
Capell Brathteare, Caerf.
Bredruckun, Denis.
Parke Brewis, Swan.
Saint Brides the great, Ogmor.
Saint Brides the lesse, Ogmor.
BRIDGEND, New.
Saint Brides upon Hay, Denis.
Brytton ferry, Neath.
Burra Flu.

Cadoxton, Denis.
Cadoxton, Neath.
Caerfilly Castle, Caerf.
Canton, Cardif.
Capell Krenant, Neath.
CARDIFE, Cardif.
Carnllayd, Denis.
Cayreh, Cardif.
Cheryton, swan.
Clase, Llant.
Clementson, Ogmor.
Cledaugh Flu.
Cledaugh Flu.
Coche Castle, Caerf.
Coidfranke Forest, Lla.
Coidemerchan Parke, Deni.
Cog, Denis.
Cogan, Denis.
Coganpill, Denis.
Coston, Denis.
Cowlston, Ogmor.
COWBRIDGE, Cow.
Coytie Castle, Newcast.
Coytchurch, Newcast.
Cunnon Flu.

Denispowis Castle, De.
S. Donetts Welsh. Cow.
Saint Donetts, Ogmor.
Dredruckan, Denis.
Dreergusse, Denis.
Dulishe Flu.
Dunraven, Ogmor.

Eghhelolid, Denis.
Egloisbrywis, Cow.
Egloissilan, Caerf.
Elay Flu.
Elay, Denis.
Ewenny Flu.

Saint Fagans, Denis.
Faldray, Caerf.
Flimston, Cow.
The Friers, Cardif.
Funtgar, Denis.
Funnum, Denis.

Saint Georges, Denis.
Gilston, Cow.
Capell Glodis, Caerf.
Glyncorruge, Neath.
Gwennowe, Denis.

Hawood aport Chappell, New.
Saint Hillary, Cow.
The Holme, swan.

Illston, Swan.
S. Iohns, Swan.
Istradovodock, Llant.
Istradowen, Cow.

Kanfigg Castle, Newcast.
Kelligate, Caerf.
S. Kennets Chappell, Swan.
Kethligarne Castle, Og.
Kevenmable, Cardif.
Kilibebyth, Neath.
Kilvay, Swan.
Knellston, Swan.
Capell Krenant, Neath.

Laleston, Newcast.
Lamadoke, Swan.
Llanbeder ynro, Denis.
Llanbethery, Denis.
Llanblethran, Cow.
Lancarvan, Denis.
Lancod, Denis.
Landaph, Cardif.
Llandilotalibout, Llang.
Llandewy Castle, Swan.
Llandogh, Cow.
Llandough, Denis.
Landow, Ogmor.
Landevodock, Ogmor.
Llandydock, Newcast.
Lanedeme, Cardif.
Langan, Ogmor.
Llangenyth, Swan.
Llangevelach, Llang.
Llanginor, Ogmor.
Llangoned, Newcast.
Llangug, Llang.
Langwick, Llan.
Llangibach, Llang.
Llangyneware, Newc.
Lanhary, Cow.
Lanharan, Cow.
Llanihangell, Covv.
Llanihangle, Denis.
Lanissen, Cardif.
Llanmadok, Svvan.
Lannaes, Covv.
Llannyenwere, Svvan.
Llanquian Castle, Covv.
Llanriden, Llan.
Llanrydien, Svvan.
Lansamlett, Llan.
Lansannor, Covv.
Llantrissent, Llant.
Lantrithed, Denis.
Lantroitt Vairdrey, Llant.
Lantwit, Covv.
Lantwyt, Neath.
Lanvabon, Caerf.
Lanvedowe, Caerf.
Llanverock point, Denis.
Lanwuo, Llant.
Llanyhangell, Denis.
Llanyhylotalibout, Svv.
Llanyltiduandray, Llan.
Llanylted, Neath.
Lanylyd, Covv.
Leckwith, Denis.
Lisuaure, Cardif.
S. Lithams, Denis.
Louchor Castle, Svvan.
Louchor, Svvan.
Lloynigrat, Cardif.
Lyswerney, Covv.
Llystalabout, Cardif.

Marcroes, Ogmor.
S. Mary Church, Covv.
S. Maries hill, Ogmor.
Margaiu, Newcast.
Michalaston, Svvan.
S. Michael, Denis.
Michellston up∣on Avon. Neat.
Michellston in the pit, Deni.
Michelston up∣on Elay, Denis.
Mychellston, Covv.
Meneche Castle, Denis.
Merther Mawre, Org.
Mertherdevan, Denis.
Merthir, Caerf.
Morgan, Newcast.
Morlashe Castle, Caer.
Moulton, Denis.
Mumbles poynt, Svvan.

Nashe little, Covv.
Nashe great, Covv.
Nashe poynt, Covv.
NEATH, Neath.
Neath vauchan Flu.
Neath Abbey, Llang.
Newcastle, Newcast.
Newton Welsh, Covv.
Newton Nottage, New.
S. Nicholas, Denis.
S. Nicholas Town, Svv.
Nolton, Newcast.

Ogmore Flu.
Ogmore Castle, Svvan.
Oystermouth Castle, Svvan.
Oystermouth, Svvan.
Oxwiche, Svvan.
Oxwiche Castle, Svva.
Oxwiche poynt, Svva.

Pendoyloni, Covv.
Pengwerne, Svvan.
Penmaen, Svvan.
Penmarke, Denis.
Pennarth Castle, Svva.
Pennarth poynt, Denis.
Pennarth poynt, Svvan.
Pennarth, Denis.
Pennarth Baye, Denis.
Pennarth, Svvan.
Penrees, Svvan.
Penthery, Llang▪
Pentrich, Llant.
Peterston on the Mount, Ogmor.
Peullyn, Ogmor.
Pile, Nevvcast.
Porteynon, Svvan.
Portkirig, Denis.
Peterston upon Elay, Denis.

Radyre, Llant.
Remgedro glytach, Llang.
Resowlay, Neath.
Reynalston, Svvan.
Rompney Flu.
Rosylly, Svvan.
Roth, Cardif.
Rowse, Denis.
Ruddrye, Caerf.

The Spittle, Cardif.
Sully, Denis.
SWANZEY, Svvan.
Swanzey poche, Svvan.
Syly, Denis.
Sylye Island, Denis.

Tallavant Castle, Covv.
Talygarn, Llant.
Tave Flu.
Thevan, Caerf.
Thule Flu.
Tilcot, Cardif.
Tithegstowne, Nevv.
Towye Flu.
Treer Castle, Covv.

Walterstown, Denis.
Webley, Svvan.
Wenny, Ogmor.
Wenuor, Denis.
West-Gower, Svvan.
Whitford poynt, Svvan.
Whitchurch, Caerf.
Whitchurch, Cardif.
Wicke, Ogmor.
Winston Castle, Denis.
Worleton, Denis.
Wormeshead poynt, Svvan.

Ycheloley, Denis.
Ystradowen, Covv.

Page 107

MONMOVTH-SHIRE. CHAPTER VI.

* 1.72MONMOUTH-SHIRE, from Mon∣mouth Town, and that from Mon∣nowe-water bearing name, is alto∣gether inclosed on the North, and is separated from Hereford-shire with the same River,* 1.73 upon the East both it and Wye divides this Countie from Gloucester-shire. The South-side wholly is washed by the Severne Sea, and some of her West part by Rempney is parted from Glamor∣gan, and the rest lyeth bordered upon by Breknock-shire.

* 1.74(2) The forme thereof is Scallop-wise, both long and broad, shooting her North point to Llantony, and her South to the fall of Rempney, betwixt which two are twenty-foure English miles: and from Chep∣stowe East, to Blanagwent West, are not altogether nineteene: the whole in circuit draweth some what neer to seventy-seven miles.

* 1.75(3) The Ayre is temperate, healthfull and clear, the soyle is hilly,* 1.76 wooddy, and rich, all places fruit∣full, but no place barren. The Hils are grazed upon by Cattle and Sheepe, the Vallies are laden with Corne and Grasse, never ungratefull of the Hus∣bandmans paines, nor makes frustrate his hope of expected increase; whose springs abundantly ri∣sing in this County with many streames, doe fatten the soyle even from side to side.

* 1.77(4) Anciently the Silures inhabited this Shire, whose chiefe Citie by the Emperour Antonine is named Venta Silurum, by the Welsh Caer-went, and was by Tathie the British Saint,* 1.78 made an Academie, and a divine place for worship. So likewise Caer-lion now, once Isca, was, where the second Roman Legi∣on called Augusta lay, as by their Coines, Altars, Tables, and Inscriptions there found, and daily therein digged up, doth evidently appeare.

* 1.79By the report of Giraldus, in this Citie was the Court of great Arthur, whither the Romane Embas∣sadours resorted unto him, and as Alexander Elsebi∣ensis writeth, therein was a Schoole of two hundred Philosophers, skilfull in Astronomie and other Arts. Which is the more credible,* 1.80 for that Amphibalus S^t. Albans instructer, was therein born, and Iulius and Aaron, two noble Prot••-Martyrs of great Britaine, in this Citie received the crowne of Martyrdome, where their bodies were also interred. But as all things finde their fatall period, so this Citie for beautie, circuit, and magnificall respect is laid in the ruines of her own decay; neither may any more lament the losse of glory then Monmouths Castle, which captive-like doth yeeld to conquering time. Her down-cast stones from those loftie turrets,* 1.81 do shew what beautie once it bare, standing mounted round in compasse, and within her wals another mount, whereon a towre of great height & strength is built, which was the birth-place of our Conquer∣ing Henry,* 1.82 the great Triumpher over France, but now decayed, and from a Princely Castle, is be∣come no better then a regardlesse Cottage. In this Town a beautifull Church built with three Iles is remaining, and at the East end a most curious built (but now decayed) Church stands, called the Monks Church: In the Monastery whereof, our great An∣tiquary Geffrey, surnamed Manmouth, and Ap Arthur, wrote his History of Great Britaine: whose pains as they were both learned and great, so have they bred great pains among the learned both to defend and to disprove. The Townes situation is pleasant and good, seated betwixt the Rivers Monnowe and Wye: three Gates yet stand, besides that Tower or Lock of the Bridge, and a Trench or tract of Wall run∣ning betwixt them on each side down to the River, containing in circuit about eight hundred paces. The Towne is in good repayre, and well frequen∣ted, governed by a Maior, two Bailiffes, fifteene Common Counsellers, a Towne-Clerke, and two Sergeants for their attendants. It is in Latitude re∣moved from the Equator 52. degrees, and 8. mi∣nutes, and from the West-point of Longitude is set in the degree 17.36. minutes.

Religious Houses erected and suppressed in this Shire,* 1.83 for greatest account have been in Caer-lion, Chepstow, Gold-cliffe, Munmouth and Llantony; which last stood so solitary, and among hils, that the Sunne was not seene to shine there, but onely betwixt the houres of one and three.

This Shire is strengthned with fourteen Castles,* 1.84 traded with sixe Market Towns,* 1.85 divided into sixe Hundreds, wherein are situated one hundred twen∣ty and seven Parish Churches,* 1.86 and is not accounted among the Welsh-shires, being subdued by Henry the second, who passing the Nant Pen-carne, a small Brooke and of no danger,* 1.87 yet held fatall by the Welsh, over-credulous to a Prophecie of Merlin Sil∣vester the Brittish Apollo, who had foreshewed that when a stout and frecled fac'd King (such as Henry was) should passe over that Ford, then the power of the Welsh-men should be brought under; where∣by their stout courage was soone abated, and the whole Countie the sooner in subjection to the Eng∣lish. The Names of the places in this Shire are ex∣pressed in a Table, Alphabetically gathered in the Page ensuing upon the rest of this Map.

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of the county of Mounmouth

THE COUNTYE OF MONMOUTH wih the sittuation of the Shire-towē Described Ann 1610

Page 108

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Monmouth-Shire.

HVNDREDS IN Monmouth-Shire.

1. BErgraveny H.
2. Skenfrith.
3. Vske.
4. Ragland.
5. Caldicot.
6. Wenlooge.

ABERGEVENNEW, Be.
Abernsteth, Berg.
Saint Aruans, Cald.
Avon Flu.

Bassaleg, Wenl.
Basaleck, Wenl.
Bedw••s, Wenl.
Bedwellty, Wenly.
Bettus, Ragl.
Bettus, VVenl.
Bettus Chappell, Berg.
Wealch Bicknor, Sken.
Birthin Flu.
Blanagwent, VVeln.
Blorench Hill, Berg.
Saint Bride, Cald.
Saint Bride, VVenl.
Bryngwyne, Ragl.
Bysheton, Cald.

Caierwent, Cald.
Caldicote, Cald.
Carewent, Cald.
CARLION, Vsk.
The Chappell, Berg.
Chappelhill, Sken.
Chappelhill, Sken.
Charston Rock, Cald.
Chepstow Parke Cald.
CHEPSTOW, Cald.
Christchurch, Cald.
Cledagnvagh Flu.
Clitho, Ragl.
Coeedkernew, VVenl.
Colbroke, Berg.
Connyoy, Berg.
Coumcarvon, Sken.
Coydkirne, VVenl.
Creke, Cald.
Crindye, VVeln.
Crucorne, Berg.

Denny Island, Cald.
Dewston, Cald.
Dyngestowe, Ragl.
Dynham, Cald.
Dyxston, Sken.

Edwith Vawre, Flu.
Edwith Vauchan, Flu.
Eries Wood, Cald.

Fidan Flu.

Goldecliffe, Cald.
Goldecliffe Rock, Cald.
Goldecliffe Point, Cald.
Goyttren, Berg.
Lyn Goyde, Berg.
Gracedue, Ragl.
The Grange, Cald.
Greenefeld, Castle, VVenl.
Grysmond Castle, Sken.
Gwarneaolepa, VVenl.
Gwernesseny, Ragl.

Herdwicke, Berg.
Heuilis, VVenl.
Howicke, Cald.
Hothny Flu.

Saint Ielian, Cald.
Iston, Cald.
Itton, Cald.

Kebby Flu.
Kylgoden, Berg.
Kemis, Cald.
Kemis Commaunder, Berg.
Kenueny Flu.
Kilgorucke, Sken.
Kirten Beacon, VVenl.
Kyllcornell, Berg.

Llanarth, Berg.
Llanbadock, Vske.
Llanbed, Cald.
Llandenny, Ragl.
Llanaferyng, Berg.
Llandeuaige, Cald.
Llandeguith, Vske.
Llandilobatthale, Berg.
Llandogo, Sken.
Llanfoyst, Berg.
Llangattokelenyg, Berg.
Llangattock Vihanauell, Sken.
Llangattock Vibonauell, Sken.
Langattock, Berg.
Llangeby, Vske.
Llangevye, Ragl.
Llangevew, Vske.
Llangewa, Sken.
Llangiby, Vske.
Llangomes, Ragl.
LLANGOVEN, Sken.
Llangston, Cald.
Llanhenoch, Vske.
Llanhithell, Berg.
LLANHYLETHE, VVeln.
Llanllowell, Vske.
Llamnerton, Cald.
Llannoyth, Sken.
Llannyhangell, Berg.
Llannyhangell Veddo, VVeln.
Llannouer, Berg.
Llan-pyll, Sken.
Llansanffred, Berg.
Llanssey, Sken.
Llanth••ruell Chappell, Wenl.
Llanthenyrytherch, Berg.
Llantheywye, Vske.
Llanthen, Berg.
Llanthewy Retherch, Berg.
Llanthewy Steride, Berg.
Llantilio Grossmont. Sken.
Llantony, Berg.
Llantrishen, Vske.
Llanvaier, Cald.
Llanvaghes, Cald.
Llanuaner Chappell Sken.
Llanvapley, Berg.
Llanveghauan, Vske.
Llanveyre, Berg.
Llanvihangell, Cald.
Llanvihangell Tormenith, Sken.
Llanvihangell, Berg.
Llanvihangell, Rag.
Llanvitheryn, Berg.
Llanvreghvaye, Vske.
Llanwaren, Cald.
Llanwenarth, Berg.
Llanyhangell Tonney groyse, VVenl.
Llanyssen, Sken.
Llyn Goyde, Berg.

Maghan, Wenl.
Magor, Cald.
Malpas, VVenl.
Manihilad, Berg.
Marshfield, VVenl.
Marthelly Chappell, Cald.
Matharne, Cald.
S. Mellans, VVenl.
Michaelchurch, Berg.
Michaelston, VVenl.
Monnow Flu.
MONMOVTH, Sken.
Mounton Chappell, Cald.
Saint Michael, Sken.
Saint Moughans, Sken.
Mynithisloyn, Wenl.
Mychiltroy, Sken.

Nashe, Cald.
Newchurch, Cald.
Chappell Newith, Berg.
Bettus Newith Ragl.
Newport Haven, Wenl.
NEWPORT, Wenl.
Norton, Sken.

Olwye Flu.
Ould-castle, Berg.

Panteage, Berg.
Parcassik, Sken.
Parkhill, Cald.
Penalth, Sken.
Penclase, Sken.
Penclawth, Ragl.
Pencarn Flu, Wenl.
Pencoyde, Cald.
Penhow, Cald.
Penhow, Cald.
Penrose, Ragl.
Penrose, Vske.
Penteaies hill, Berg.
Penterry Chappell, Sken.
Saint Pere, Cald.
Pertholey, Berg.
Perthing, Sken.
Peterston, Wenl.
Pontemoile, Berg.
Portesmete, Cald.
Pyl Flu.
Pyl Flu.

Quenoch Chappell, Vske.

Ragland, Ragl.
Redwicke, Cald.
Riseley, Wenl.
Rocherston Castle, Wenl.
Rockfield, Sken.
Rogeat, Cald.
Rompney Flu.
Rempney, Wenl.
Runston, Cald.

Shernewton, Cald.
Skenssreth, Sken.
Skirivawre hill, Berg.
Sroway Flu.
Stanton Chappell, Berg.
Strogle Castle, Cald.
Sudbroke, Cald.

Terestent, Wenl.
Throggy Flu.
Traowey, Ragl.
Tredeager, Wenl.
Tredonock, Vske.
Tregayre, Ragl.
Trelecke, Sken.
Trelecke Graunge, Sken.
Trinitie Chappel, Cald.
Treuenthen, Berg.
Trostrey, Vske.
Trothy Flu.
Troye, Sken.
Trylaye, Berg.
Tyntarne, Sken.
Tynterne Abbey, Sken.
Tumberlow Hill, Wenl.

Vske Flu.
VSKE, Vske.

Warigoch Chappell, Berg.
Warnde, Berg.
Wense Wood, Cald.
Whitt Castle, Berg.
Whitston, Cald.
Wick, Cald.
Wisewood Chase, Sken.
Wolfe Newton, Sken.
Saint Wollos.
Woudye, Cald.
Wnnastowe, Sken.

Page 109

BREKNOCK-SHIRE. CHAPTER VII.

BReknock-shire, in the British Lan∣guage Brechineau,* 1.88 (so called, as the Welch-men relate of a Prince named Brechanius, the Father of an holy off-spring, whose twentie foure daughters were all of them Saints) is a Countie neither very large, nor greatly to be praised or disliked of, whose bounds upon the North is parted from Radnor with the Ri∣vers Clarwen and Wye: the West lyeth butted upon by Cardigan and Caermarden-shires: the South is confirmed by Glamorgan; and the East with Mon∣mouth and Radnor-shires, is wholly bound.

* 1.89(2) The length of this Shire from North to South, betwixt Llanuthel and Istradgunles, are twentie eight English miles; and her breadth from East to West, extended betwixt Pentrisso and Llywell, are twentie; the whole in circumference, about one hundred and two miles.

(3) This Countie is full of hils, and uneven for travell, which on the South part mount in such height,* 1.90 that as Giraldus hath written, They make the ayre much colder, and defend the Countie from the ex∣cessive heat of the Sunne, whereby a certaine naturall wholesomnesse of ayre maketh it most temperate:* 1.91 and on the East side, the Mountaines of Talgar and Ewias doe as it were forefence the same. Among which, there a∣rise and run so many fruitfull springs, that their val∣lies are thereby made most fertile, yeelding in plen∣tie both corne and grasse.

* 1.92(4) The ancient Inhabitants and possessors of this Shire, with the rest in this South Tract were the Silures, much spoken of, and great opposites to the Romans, whose Countries were first made subject by Iulius Frontinus,* 1.93 who besides the valour of the enemy, had to struggle with the Mountaines and Straits, as Ta∣citus tels us; neither any more hard, we may well say, then them of this Shire; whereof one in the South, and three miles from Breknock, is of such height and operation, as is uncredible: and were it not that I have witnesse to affirme what I shall speake, I should blush to let the report thereof passe from my Pen: In my perambulations in these parts, remaining in Breknock to observe the site of that Towne, the Al∣dermen or chiefe Seniors thereof, regarding my paines, with friendly and courteous entertainments at my departure, no lesse then eight of them, that had been Bailiffes of the Towne, came to visit me; where they reported upon their credits and trials, that from the top of that hill, in the Welch called Mounch-denny,* 1.94 or Cadier Arthur, they had oftentimes cast from them, and down the North-East Rocke, their Cloaks, Hats, and Staves, which notwithstan∣ding would never fall, but were with the ayre and winde still returned backe, and blowne up: neither, said they, will any thing descend from that cliffe be∣ing so cast, unlesse it be stone or some metalline sub∣stance: affirming the cause to be the Clouds, which are seene to racke much lower then the top of that Hill.* 1.95 As strange tales are told of the Meere Llynsa∣vathan, two miles by East from Breknock, which at the breaking of her frozen Ice, maketh a fearefull sound like unto thunder.* 1.96 In which place, as is re∣ported, sometimes stood a faire Citie, which was swallowed up in an Earth-quake, and resigned her stone-wals unto this deepe and broad water: whi∣ther unto this day leadeth all the waies in this Shire: which, as learned Cambden conjectureth, might be that Louentrium, which Ptolemy in this Tract pla∣ceth; and the more confirmed by the Rivers name adjoyning, being also called Leuenny, which River also passeth through this Meere without any mix∣ture of her waters, as by the colour thereof is well perceived, which glideth thorow it with the same streame, and no greater then wherewith she first entred in.

(5) The Townes for commerce,* 1.97 are Hay, Bealt, and Breknock, two of them unfortunate of their for∣mer greatnesse, whom warres and sedition have de∣faced and cast down. Hay upon VVye and Dulas, pleasant for situation, in the rebellion of Owen Glen∣dowerdwy, was diswalled, depopulated, and burnt, in whose foundations for new repaires, many Romane Coines have been found; and thereby thought to be a seat of their Legions: and Buelth, now Bealt, though of good frequencie, yet not so great as when Ptolemy observed her position for graduation, who calleth it Buleum Silurum, neither when it with the Countrey was possessed by Aurelius Ambrosius, by whose permission Pascensius the sonne of Vortiger ru∣led all, as Ninius writeth, nor yet of later times, when Leolin the last Prince of the Britaines, was therein betrayed and slaine.

(6) Breknock the Shire-towne,* 1.98 for buildings and beautie retaineth a better regard, whose walles in O∣vall-wise are both strong & of good repaire, having three Gates for entrance, with ten Towres for de∣fence, and is in circuit sixe hundred and fortie paces about, upon whose West part a most sumptuous and stately Castle is seated, the like whereof is not com∣monly seene, whose decayes approching do increase her ruines daily, and in the end is feared will be her fall. This Towne is seated upon the meeting of two Rivers, Houthy and Vske, whose yeerely government is committed to two Bailiffes, fifteene Aldermen, two Chamberlaines, two Constables, a Town-clerk, and two Sergeants their attendants: having the Poles elevation in 52.21. minutes of Latitude, and for Longitude is placed in the 16. and 32. minutes, as the Mathematicians doe measure them.

(7) This Shire is strengthened with nine Castles,* 1.99 divided into six Hundreds, wherein are seated three Market Towns, and sixtie one Parish-Churches.

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of Brecknockshire

BREKNOKE BOTH SHYRE AND TOWNE described Ann. Domini 16••0.

Page 110

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Breknock-shire.

HVNDREDS in BREKNOCK-SHIRE.

1 BEalt Hundred.
2 Merthy Hund.
3 Talgarth Hund.
4 Crickhoel Hund.
5 Penkelli Hund.
6 Dyuynnock Hund.

Aberbrayne, Merth.
Aberkinvick, Penkel.
Aberlleueny, Talgarth.
Aberyskire, Merth.
Capell Afyne, Talgarth.
Altemawre, Talgarth.

Battle Chappell, Merth.
BEALT, Bealt.
Capell Bettus, Dyuyn.
Blacke Mountaine, Dyuyn.
Blaynllynuy Castle, Crick.
Braue Flu.
BREKNOCK, Penkel.
Capell Brengoran, Talgarth.
Bruntllys, Talgarth.

Capell Callwen, Dyuyn.
Camlas Flu.
Cantrest, Penkel.
Clarthy Flu.
Clarwen Flu.
Comartch Flu.
Capell Coyelbryn, Flu.
Craye Flu.
Crickadarn, Talgarth.
Crickholl, Crick.
Crickhoel, Crick.
Capell Cunok, Merth.

Capell Defrunehenthy, Merth.
Delas Flu.
Dyuynnock, Dyuyn.
Dulas Flu.
Dylas Flu.
Castle Dynas, Talgarth.

Garthbrenguy Llanthew, Merth.
Gilston, Penkel.
Glasbury, Talgarth.
Glyn Tawy, Dyuyn.
Groney Flu.
Gwenthur, Talgarth.
Gwetherick Flu.

Haterell Hill, Talgarth.
HAYE, Talgarth.
Henuid Parke, Merth.
Hepsey Flu.
Houthy Flu.

Isker Flu.
Istradgunles, Dyuyn.
Istraduelltey, Dyuyn.

Ketheden, Crick.
Kethitalgarth, Bealt.

Llamcamlach, Penkel.
Llanauanuour, Bealt.
Llanbedde, Crick.
Llanddetty, Penkel.
Llandiualley, Targarth.
Llandiuilog, Merth.
Llandiloruan, Merth.
Llanelli, Crick.
Llaneliw, Talgarth.
Llangamarth, Bealt.
Llanganten, Bealt.
Llangattuck, Crick.
Llangeney, Crick.
Llangonider, Crick.
Llangors, Crick.
Llangouilog, Penkel.
Llangoyd, Talgarth.
Llangroney, Crick.
Llangustye, Penkel.
Llangynyd, Crick.
Llanlleenuell, Bealt.
Llannyllo, Talgarth.
Llansanffred, Penkel.
Llanspethitt, Dyuyn.
Llanthetty, Penkel.
Llanthew Castle, Penkel.
Llanthewi Aberwessyn, Bealt.
Llanthewi Come, Bealt.
Llanuair, Bealt.
Llanuanuecham, Bealt.
Llanuigon, Penkel.
Llanuyhangell Vachian, Merth.
Llanuyhangell Bryn pabian, Bealt.
Llanuorted, Bealt.
Llanurenach, Penkel.
Llanuthull, Bealt.
Llanuillo, Penkel.
Llanwerne, Penkel.
Llanygon, Talgarth.
Llanyhangell Manthran, Merth.
Llanyhangell Cumdye, Crick.
Llanyhanglo, Penkel.
Llanyhangell Aberwessyn, Bealt.
Llanynnis, Bealt.
Llestinan, Bealt.
Lleueny Flu.
Lleueny Flu.
Lliwell, Dyuyn.
Llyswen, Talgarth.

Maesmynys, Bealt.
Towre Maltwalbury, Dyuyn.
Melta Flu.
Metherchynog, Merth.
Mounchdenny Hill, Penkel.

Capell Nanty, Penkel.
Neath Flu.
Newton, Dyuyn.

Olluannock, Dyuyn.

Patrisho, Crick.
Penderyn, Dyuyn.
Penketh Castle, Penkel.
Peterchurch, Crick.
Pipton, Talgarth.
Porthamble, Talgarth.
Portheroyes, Bealt.

Capell Ridbrue, Merth.

Llyn Sanathan, Talgarth.
Capell Senny, Dyuyn.
Skethrog, Penkel.

Talgarth, Talgarth.
Talyllyn, Penkel.
Capell Tauechan, Penkel.
Tauy Flu.
Trallong, Merth.
Trangarth Flu.
Trausnant Flu.
Tre Castle, Dyuyn.
Tretowre, Crick.
Turch Flu.
Tylachthy, Penkel.

Tawe Vachan Flu.
Neath Vachan Flu.
Tawe Vawir Flu.
Vaynor, Penkel.
Vske Flu.
Vske Flu.

Weuery Flu.
Wye Flu.

Capell Ylldytt, Dyuyn.
Yruon Flu.

Page 111

RADNOR-SHIRE CHAPTER. VIII.

RADNOR-SHIRE lyeth borde∣red upon the North,* 1.100 with the Countie Monmouth; upon the East toucheth Shropshire and He∣reford-shire: the Rivers Clar∣wen and VVye divide it from Breknock in the South; and the West part doth shorten point-wise into Cardigan-shire.

* 1.101(2) The forme thereof is in proportion triangle, every side almost containing a like distance: for from West to North are twenty miles; from North to South,* 1.102 twenty two; and from South to West are twenty foure: the whole in circumference extending to fourescore and ten miles.

* 1.103(3) The Ayre thereof is sharpe and cold, (as most of Wales is) for that the snow lieth and lasteth long unmelted under those shadowing high Hils and over∣hanging Rocks.

* 1.104(4) The Soyle is hungry, though not barren, and that in the East and South the best: the other parts are rough and churlish, and hardly bettered by pain∣full labour; so that the riches of the North and West consisteth chiefly in the brood of Cattle.

* 1.105(5) Anciently this County was possessed by the Silures, a warlike people, and great withstanders of the Romans impositions, who had not onely them to fight against, but withall the unaccessible Mountaines, wherewith this Shire is so over-pressed and burde∣ned, that many times I feared to looke downe from the hanging Rockes, whereunder I passed into those deepe and darke dales, seeming to me an entrance in∣to Limbo.* 1.106 Among these (as say our Historians) that hatefull Prince to God and Man, Vortiger, his Coun∣tries scourge, and last Monarch of the British Bloud, by fire from Heaven was consumed with his incestuous Wife, for whom Ninius nameth the Countrey where in his Castle stood, Guartiger-Maur, of whose rubbish the Castle Guthremion was raised, as some are of opi∣nion. Yet they of North-Wales will have his destru∣ction and Castle to stand in their parts neere unto Beth-Kelleck, whereof wee will further speake in the relation of his life. Fatall was this place also to Lle∣wellin the last Prince of the British race, who being betrayed by the men of Buelth, fled into those vast Mountaines of Radnor,* 1.107 where by Adam Francton he was slaine; and his head (crowned with Ivy) set upon the Tower of London.

(6) Places most worthy of note in this Shire, are as ensueth:* 1.108 The first is Radnor, from whom the Countie receiveth her Name, anciently Magi, where the Commander of the Pascensian Regiment lay,* 1.109 and thought to be the Magnos in Atonine the Empe∣rors Survey. This Towne is pleasantly seated under an Hill,* 1.110 whereon standeth mounted, a large and strong Castle, from whose Bulwarke a Trench is drawn along the West of the Towne, whereon a wall of stone was once raised, as by the remaines in many places appeareth. This Trench doth likewise in∣verge her West side so farre as the River, but after is no more seene: whose Graduation is observed to have the Pole elevated for Latitude 52. degrees, and 45. minutes; and for Longitude, from the first point of the West, set by Mercator 17. degrees and one minute.

Prestayn for beauteous building is the best in this Shire,* 1.111 a Towne of Commerce, wonderfully frequen∣ted, and that very lately. Next is Knighton,* 1.112 a Market Towne likewise, under which is seene the Clawdh-Offa, or Offaes Ditch, whose tract for a space I follow∣ed along the edge of the Mountaine, which was a bound set to separate the Welsh from the English, by the Mercian King Offa: and by Egbert the Monarch a Law made, by the instigation of his Wife, that it should bee present death for the Welsh to passe over the same,* 1.113 as Iohn Bever the Monke of Westminster reporteth: and the like under Harald, as Iohn of Sa∣lisbury writeth; wherein it was ordained, that what Welsh-man soever should bee found with any weapon on this side of that Limit, which was Offaes Ditch, should have his right hand cut off by the Kings Offi∣cers.* 1.114 The fourth place for account is Raihadar Gowy, who besides the great fall of Wye with a continuall noise, hath her Markets there kept upon the Sab∣bath, which I there observed, and here note for an of∣fence.

(7) Many Rivers arise and run thorow this Shire, which were it not that the Hils so cluster together, might make the soyle both fertill and fat. Such are Teme, Lug, Ithon, Clowdok, Dulas, Comarton, Somegill, Guithel, Arro, Machaway, Edway, Hawye, Eland, Clar∣wen and Wye, besides other Loughs that stand betwixt the hills.

This Shire is divided into sixe Hundreds, wherein are seated three Forrests, foure Market-Townes, sixe Castles, and fifty two Parish-Churches, as in the Table in the last Page of this Chapter Alphabetically are set and inserted.

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of the county of Radnor

THE COUNTIE OF RADNOR DESCRIBED AND THE SHYRETOWNES SITTUATIONE Anno 16••8.

Page 112

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Radnor-shire.

HVNDREDS in RADNOR-SHIRE.

1 RAyader-Gowy.
2 Knighton.
3 Kevenllice.
4 Radnor.
5 Collowine.
6 Painescastell.

Aberdow, Coll.
Arro Flu.
Augop, Rad.

Banghwid, Paines.
Bettas disserth, Coll.
Bigildi, Knight.
BLETHVACH, Keven.
Blethuach Forrest, Keven.
Brongwine, Paines.
Buttus, Paines.

Cascop, Keven.
Castle Dynbod, Knight.
Clarwen Flu.
Clirow, Paines.
Clowedoke Flu.
Colwin Castle, Coll.
Colva, Rad.
Combehire, Rayad.
Comaron Flu.

Darnall Flu.
Discodde, Rad.
Disserth, Coll.
Dullas Flu.

Ednall, Rad.
Edway Flu.
Eland Flu.

Fuldibrok, Rad.

Garthuagh, Rayad.
Glasbury, Paines.
Glascomb, Coll.
Glastray alias Glawdiscre, Rad.
Glyngwin, Rayad.
Gwythell Flu.

Harton, Rad.
Hawye Flu.
Hiop, Knight.

Ithon Flu.

Kevelles Castle, Keven.
Kregrena, Coll.
Kinerton, Rad.
KNIGHTON, Knight.
Knukles Forrest. Knight.
Knukles, Knight.

Llanamro, Knight.
Llanbaderney gareg, Coll.
Llanbaderne, Keven.
Lanbadarne vynith, Knight.
Llanbeder, Paines.
Llanbester, Knight.
Llandegley, Keven.
Llandewy, Knight.
Llandewy vach, Paines.
Llandilo, Paines.
Landrindod, Keven.
Llanelweth, Coll.
Llangiallo, Keven.
Llanihangell, Keven.
Llanihangell yerholegan, Rayad.
Llanihangell Arro, Paines.
Llanihangell Kevenllice, Keven.
Llanihangell Nantmelan, Rad.
Llansanffred, Coll.
Llansanffred in Comotoieth, Rayad.
Llanstephan, Paines.
Llanuereth, Coll.
Llanyere, Rayad.
Llowes, Paines.
Lug, Flu.
Llynhoghlen, Paines.

Machway, Keven.
Michaels Church, Paines.
Monaghree, Keven.

Nantmell, Rayad.
Newcastle, Rad.
Newchurch, Paines.
Norton, Rad.

Painescastle, Paines.
Pilim, Keven.
PRESTEIGNE, Rad.

Radnor old, Rad.
RADNOR new, Rad.
Radnor Forrest, Rad.
RAYADER-gowy, Rayad.
Rulen, Coll.

S. Harmon, alias Phistharmon, Rayad.
Standish, Rad.
Samegill Flu.

Teme Flu.

Whitten, Keven.
Whitehall, Knight.
Weston hall, Keven.
Wye Flu.

Ython Flu.

Page 113

CARDIGANS-SHIRE. CHAPTER. IX.

CARDIGAN-SHIRE, (in the Welsh called Sire Aber-Tivi) is parted on the North from Meri∣oneth-shire with the River Doui;* 1.115 by the Plinillimon hils from Montgomery-shire in part of her East;* 1.116 and the rest from Breknock-shire, with the water Towy; and with Tyvy altogether on the South from Caermarden-shire: the West is wholly washed with the Irish Sea.

* 1.117(2) The forme thereof is horne-like, bowing com∣passe, long and narrow, and growing wider still to∣wards the North: so that from Cardigan, the Shire-Towne and uttermost point in the South, unto the River Doui,* 1.118 her farthest North bounder, are thirtie two miles: and from the head of Clarwen in the East, to Aberysthwyth on her West, the broadest part in the Shire, are onely fifteene: the whole in circumference is one hundred and three miles.

* 1.119(3) The Aire is open and somewhat piercing; the soile is hilly, and (Wales-like) uneven: yet more plaine and champion toward the Sea, then in the East or North of the Land. For besides that great and high hill called Plinillimon, a continuall range of lesser doth shoote along, yeelding in their vallies both goodly rich Pastures,* 1.120 and very large Pooles, which being assisted with Springs from the Rocks, doe branch themselves, as veines in the body, and make fruitfull their passages unto the Sea. In Tyvy one of these,* 1.121 as Giraldus hath written, the Beaver hath been found, a creature living both by land and water, whose stones the Physitians hold in great price. His fore-feet are like unto a dog, but the hinder whole skinned, as is the goose: the dog-like serve him on shore for tto runne; and the goose-like as Oares give him swift motion in swimming: his taile broad and gristly, he useth as a sterne, wherewith on the sudden he can divert his swift floating course. But this crea∣ture in these parts a long time hath not beene seene, whose roome we may well say the Salmon hath pos∣sest,* 1.122 who still coveting into fresh water Rivers, at their down-right fals useth this policie: He bend∣eth himselfe backward, and taketh his taile in his mouth, and with all his strength unloosing his circle on the sudden (as a lath let goe) mounteth up be∣fore the fall of the streame; where upon such water∣fals are called the Salmons Leape:* 1.123 and in these Ri∣vers many such Salmons are caught.

* 1.124(4) The commodities of this Shire chiefly con∣sist in Cattle, Sea-folwe, and Fish; Corne sufficient, but of Woods some scarcitie: and at the head of Ist∣wydh are certain veines of Lead, a merchandize of no meane regard or wealth.

* 1.125(5) The ancient people that possessed this Pro∣vince, were the Dimetae, by Ptolomie branched tho∣row the Tracts of Caermarden, Penbroke, and this Shire; who in their struglings against the Romanes, did not a little relie upon Caractacus their most war-like King, (from whose name, though unlikely, some will have the Shire called Cardigan) yet lastly felt the fortune of subjection with the rest,* 1.126 when Iulius Fron∣tinus warred with these Mountaines. Scarce had the Normans setled their Kingdome in Britaine, but that they assailed this County, as well to enjoy so faire a Possession, as to secure those Seas from any invasion against them:* 1.127 so that Rufus first wrested from the Welsh-men the maritime Coasts,* 1.128 and Henry the first gave the whole County to Gilbert de Clare.

(6) This Gilbert fortified Cardigan,* 1.129 the Shire-Towne, with a Wall and strong Castle, whose aged lineaments doe to this day shew the industrie both of Nature and Art: for the Towne is seated upon a steepe banke, her South-side guarded with the deep River Tyvy, and passable no way but by a bridge un∣der the Castle.* 1.130 The walles take the advantage of the rising Rockes, and circulate the Towne even round about.* 1.131 The Castle is higher built upon a Rock, both spacious and faire, had not stormes impaired her beauty, and time left her carkasse a very Anatomie. The walles range as thou seest, and are indifferent for repaire, having three wayes for entrance, and containe in compasse sixe hundred and fourescore pases:* 1.132 whose Position for Latitude is set in the de∣gree 52.33. minutes from the North-pole, and for Longitude from the first West-point by Mercator, in the degree 15. and 10. minutes.

(7) This Shire, as it is little in circuit, so accor∣dingly is besprinkled with Towne-ships,* 1.133 whereof foure onely have the trade of Markets: neither finde I other remembrance of religious foundations, but at Cardigan,* 1.134 Istradfleet, and at Llan-Badern-Vaur, where sometimes was seated an Episcopall See, which (as Hoveden writeth) was decayed many yeers since,* 1.135 when the people had wickedly slaine their Pastour. And yet Llan-Deui-breui,* 1.136 built, and so called in memory of the most famous David Bishop of Menevia, was in great esteeme, where in a frequent Synod there hol∣den, he refuted the Pelagian Heresie,* 1.137 sprung up againe in Britaine, both by the authoritie of holy Scripture, and also by miracle, as is reported, while the earth whereon he stood and preached, rose up unto a cer∣taine height under his feet.

(8) The Shires division,* 1.138 for businesses belonging either to the Crowne or Common-wealth, is into five Hundreds, wherein are seated foure Market-Towns, and sixty-foure Parish-Cburches for Gods divine and daily service, whose names are further inserted in the Table following.

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of Cardiganshire

CARDIGAN SHYRE DESCRIBED with the due forme of the Shiretown as it was surveyed by I.S. Anno 16••0

Page 114

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Cardigan-shire.

HVNDREDS in Cardigan-shire.

1. LLanbadarn.
2. LLanylar.
3. Pennarth.
4. Moythen.
5. Tredroir.

Aberporth, Tred.
ABERYSTWYTH, Llanb.
Arthe Flu.
Ayron Flu.

Bangor, Tred.
Bettus Bledrus, Moyth.
Bettus Jevan, Tred.
Bettus, Moyth.
Bidder Flu.
Blayneporth, Tred.
Blayne pennall, Pen.
Brennyng Flu.
Brongwyn, Tred.

CARDIGAN, Tred.
Cardigan Island, Tred.
Capell Christ, Moyth.
Clarthye Flu.
Clarwen Flu.
Cletter Flu.
Combeystoyche, Llanb.

Dettor Flu.
Douye Flu.
Dyhewyll, Moyth.
Dyhewidd Isekerdyne, Tred.

Eynon Flu.

The Forest, Moyth.

Capell Garthely, Moyth.
Gogirthan, Llanb.
Llyn Gonon, Llany.
Gunros, Llany.

Heullandynye, Tred.
Heueneroe, Llany.

Iscard, Moyth.
Istradfler, Llany.
Istradfler, Llany.
Istradmyrick, Llany.
Istwyth Flu.

Kellan, Moyth.
Kelekenyn, Llany.
Capell Kenan, Tred.
Kery Flu.
Kilie ayron, Llany.
Capell Kiluellon, Llanb.
Kilwyn, Tred.
Kinuer Flu.

Llanarche, Moyth.
Llanauon, Llany.
Llanauon, Llany.
Llanbadarn vawr, Llanb.
Llanbaddarn, Llany.
Llanbadarne, Llany.
Llanbadarne Odyne, Pen.
Llanbadarne Treuegloys, Llany.
LLANBEDER, Moyth.
Llandeuroigge, Tred.
Llandissilio, Moyth.
Llandissill Isekerdyne, Tred.
Llandissill uchkerdyne, Moyth.
Llandogwy, Tred.
Llanfra Capell, Tred.
Capell Llanbridge, Tred.
Llangoydmore, Tred.
Llangranoge, Moyth.
Llangynllo, Llanb.
Llangybye, Moyth.
Llangythye, Moyth.
Llanrannok, Tred.
Llangytho, Tred.
Llangunelyn, Llanb.
Llanllohayrne, Moyth.
Llanllair, Moyth.
Llansanfrayde, Llany.
Llanthewy aberarthe, Llany.
Llanthewy breuye, Pen.
Llantisilued Capell, Moyth.
Llanthynoll, Llany.
Llanuair treueligen, Tred.
Llanuaieralloyne, Tred.
Llanuayrgledoge, Moyth.
Llanuichangell, Llany.
Llanunen, Tred.
Llanunnes, Llany.
Llanwenoge, Moyth.
Llanylar, Llany.
Llanyna, Moyth.
Llanychayaron, Moyth.
Llanyhangle castle qualtor, Llanb.
Llanyhangle Yerothen, Llany.
Llanyhangle Rostea, Llany.
Llanyhangle Lledrod, Llany.
Llanynay, Moyth.
Llanygrothen, Llany.
Llanychayarne, Llany.
Llarumsted, Llany.
Llegenydd, Moyth.
Llyn Legnant, Llany.
Lery Flu.
Leuenant Flu.
Lyky, Moyth.

Massalak Flu.
Mathern Flu.
Mirik Flu.
Mounte, Tred.

Nantegnulle, Pen.

Oscoid Mortimer, Tred.

Penbryne, Tred.
Penkemmas point, Tred.
Penneralt, Tred.
Pennobadath point, Tred.
Pescotter Flu.
Plinellimon hill, Llanb.
Preuethe, Llanb.

Rescob forrest, Pen.
Rossefayre, Llany.
Rydall Flu.

Salek Flu.
Silien, Moyth.
Spittie ustroith, Llany.
Spittye kinwen, Llanb.

Talaserne, Moyth.
Tothea Flu.
Towye Flu.
Tredroir, Tred.
TREGARON, Pen.
Tremayne, Tred.
Treuilon, Llany.
Treuygoid, Tred.
Llyn Tyuy, Llany.
Tyuy Flu.

Vchclawdd, Pen.
Verwicke, Tred.
Llyn Verwyn, Pen.
Vmnrabowa, Llanb.

Weray Flu.
Wye head, Llanb.

Page 115

MOUNTGOMERY-SHIRE. CHAPTER. X.

* 1.139MOUNTGOMERY-SHIRE, in the British speech called Siretre∣faldwin, and that of the principall Towne Mountgomery, lieth boun∣ded upon the North with Den∣bigh-Shire, upon the East with Shrop-Shire, on the South with Radnor and Cardigan-Shires, and on the West with Merioneth-Shire.

* 1.140(2) In forme it som what resembleth a Peare or Pine-apple, as it were growing out of the West, and rising thence with many high Hilles and plentifull Springs, which water and make fruitfull the Soyle every where: whose searching rilles with a longing desire hast ever forward to finde an increase, and to augment their growth into a bigger body, whereof the Severne is the chiefe, and the second River in the Land: whose head rising from the spired Mountaine Plymll••mon, runneth not farre without the receits of other riverets into her streame, and with many wind∣ings doth sport her selfe thorow all the East part of this Shire.

* 1.141(3) That this River tooke her name from Abren, the beautifull base daughter of Locrinus, begotten out of wedlocke upon Est••ldis the daughter of Hum∣ber the Scythian King, that invaded this Land, and both of them drowned in this River by Guendolena, King Locrinus surviving widow: let Ieffrey relate, and Poets enlarge, whereof one among them in good ac∣count, thus writeth;

—In flumen praecipitatur Abren, Nomen Abren fluvio de Virgine, nomen eidens Nomine corrupto, deinde Sabrina datur.

Into this streame faire Abren head-long cast, Gave name of Abren to those waters wast, Corruptly call'd Sabrina now at last.

(4) This River maketh the East part of this Shire for fruitfulnesse to bee compared with most of the Land, and to exceed any other Shire in Wales: the West side is more hilly and lesse inhabited, yet surely those Mountaines breed innumerable Cattle, especi∣ally of horses, whose portraiture for making and in∣comparable swiftnesse, Giraldus Cambrensis Arch∣deacon of Breknocke doth greatly commend.

(5) The ancient Inhabitants that were seated in Guineth and Pow••ysland,* 1.142 whereof this Shire was a part, were to the Romans knowne by the name of ORDO∣VICES, a puissant and courageous Nation, whose hearts and hilles held them the longest free from the yoke of subjection, either of the Romans or English: for unto the dayes of Domitian, they kept plea with the Romans, and were not brought to the will of the English before the raigne of King Edward the first. Those ORDOVICES inhabited the Counties of Mountgomery, Merioneth, Caernarvan, Denbigh, and Flint, which are of us called now North-Wales, a peo∣ple generous and of affable conditions, goodly for feature, faire of complexion, courageous of minde, courteous to strangers, and that which is most com∣mendable, most true and loyall to the English Crowne.

* 1.143Townes for Trades and commerce in this County are sixe: the chiefest thereof and Shire-Towne is Mountgomery, very wholesome for ayre, and pleasant for situation, upon an easie ascent of an hill, and upon another farre higher mounted, stands a faire and well-repaired Castle, from the East Rocke whereof the Towne hath been walled, as by some part yet stand∣ing, and the tract and trench of the rest even unto the North-side of the said Castle, may evidently be seen: whose Graduation for Latitude is placed in the de∣gree 53. and for Longitude 17. the lines cutting each other in the site of this Towne.

* 1.144This Towne hath lately received the honour and Title of an Earledome, whereof Philip Herbert the se∣cond sonne of Henry Earle of Pembroke, was created the first, in Anno 1605.* 1.145 And the Shire divided into seven Hundreds, wherein are seated sixe Market-Townes, and forty seven Parish-Churches: the names whereof are inserted in the Table annexed.

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of Montgomeryshire

MONTGOMERY SHIRE

Page 116

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all The Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Mountgomery Shire.

HVNDREDS in Mountgomery-shire.

1 MEchavi.
2 Kare Eynion.
3 Ystrad Marchel.
4 Kidriorn.
5 Kery.
6 Ykrostly.
7 Kyfy. Log.

Aberhafais, Kidriorn.
Agaiere, Ystrad.
Angle Flu.

Bacho Flu.
Llyn, Barre Ykrost.
Becham Flu.
Llyn Begelyn, Kyfy.
Beryw, Kydriorn.
Berechlaid, Ykrost.
Bettus, Kidriorn.
Biga Flu.
Brethen hill, Ystrad.
Brughan Flu.
Buttington, Ystrad.

Caerfuse Castle, Ykrost.
Carlion Hill, Ystrad.
Carno Flu.
Churchstoke, Ystrad.
Cregynog H••ll, Kidriorn.
Castle Engerrimon, Kare.

Dolevoren Castle, Kidriorn.
Dornoll Flu.
Dorowen, Kyfy.
Dul••s Flu. D••las Flu Dulas Flu. 3.
Dungum Flu.

Chappell Fordyn, Ystrad.

Garth-beibio, Kare.
Llyn Glastyn, Kyfy.
Gnedall Flu.
Gogh Castle, Ystrad.

Haus Flu.
Heldray, Ystrad.
Hirnant, Mech.
Hyssinton, Ystrad.

Karno, Ykrost.
Kegidfa, Ystrad.
Kemes, Kyfy.
Kerig Flu.
Kery, Kery.

Llanbrim Maire, Kyfy.
Llanddosilio, Mech.
Llanddynam, Ykrost.
Llandissil, Kidriorn.
Llandrenio, Ystrad.
Llanfair, Kare.
LLANFILLYN, Mech.
Llanfynhonwen, ystrad.
Llangadfan, Kare.
Llangirrich, ykrost.
Llangunoth, Mech.
Llangynyw, Kare.
Llanllochaiarne, Kidriorn.
Llanllygan, Kidriorn.
Llanfauntfred yn Mecham, Mech.
Llanuthin, Mech.
Llanuaier ynghareynion, kare.
Llanuyhangell ynghery, kare.
Llanwryn, kyfy.
Llanwunog, ykrost.
Llanwydelan, kydriorn
LLANYDLOES, ykrost.
Llany Rewic, kidriorn.
Llanyruill, kare.
Lleding Flu.
Lleighton, ystrad.
Llevenant▪ Flu.
Lloyd Flu.
Lloydyerd, Mech.

MACHENLLETH, Kyf.
Maismaure, ystrad.
Manafon, kidriorn.
Mathavern, kyfy.
Mathravall Hall, kare.
Meifod, Mech.
Middleton Hall, kery.
Moghtree, kery.
MOVNTGOMERY, Ystrad.
Moylnadion, Hill. kyfy.
Mulle Flu.
Penant Mylangell, Mech.

NEWTOWNE, Kidriorn.

Penegos, kyfy.
WELSH POOLE, ystrad.
Penprice, ykrost.
Penstrowed, ykrost.
Plymllymon Hill. kyfy.

Riader Flu.
Rue Flu.

Severns head, kyfy.
Severne Flu.
Severne Flu.

Tagarell Chappell, ykrost.
Tanot Flu.
Taramon Flu.
Towynmyn Flu.
Trefeglos, ykrost.
Chappell Treflistin, ystrad.
Tregynon, kidriorn.
Turgh Flu.

Vurnuey Flu.

Wurway Flu.
Wye Flu.

Llanvihangell Ynghronfa, Mech.

Page 117

MERIONETH-SHIRE. CHAPTER. XI.

MERIONETH-SHIRE, which the Britaines call Scire-Verioneth, and in Latine,* 1.146 Mervinia; is bordered upon the North by Carnarvon and Denbigh-shires, upon the East with Montgomery, upon the South by the River Dowy, is parted from Cardigan-shire, and the West side altogether washed with the Irish-Seas, whose rage with such vehemencie beateth against her Bankes, that it is thought and said, some quantity of the Land hath been swallowed up by those Seas.

* 1.147(2) In forme this Shire somewhat resembleth a Welsh-Harpe, though small is the Musicke that to her Inhabitants she makes, being the roughest, and most unpleasant to see to (as Giraldus their owne Historian writeth) in all Wales.* 1.148 The Ayre for great pleasure, nor Soile for great profit, I cannot greatly commend, unlesse it be for the many and mighty great windes, that for the most part therein do rage, and the spired hilles clustered together so neer and so high, as the same Author affirmeth, that Shepheards upon their tops falling at oddes in the morning, and challenging the field for fight, before they can come together to try out the quarrell, the day will bee spent, and the heat of their fury shut up with their sleepe.

(3) These Mountaines formerly did abound with Wolves, for whose avoydance Edgar the peaceable, did impose (as Malmesbury writeth) a yeerely Tri∣bute of three hundred Wolves,* 1.149 upon Ludwall Prince of that Countrey, whereby in three yeers space they were quite destroyed: and now their faces are cove∣red with fruitfull flocks of Sheepe, besides Neate and other Cattle that therein abundantly doe grase, wherein the onely riches of this Shire doth consist: for by reason of the unevennesse of the soyle and rockes so neere the face of the earth, the Plough can∣not bee drawne, nor the Corne prosper, which some have imputed to the idlenesse of the Inhabitants, wherein they have beene greatly wronged.

* 1.150(4) These people are a part of the Ordovices, of whom we have spoken, who by the advātage of these mountaines held out with the longest against the Ro∣manes, and their necks not brought under the yoke of bondage, before the dayes of King Edward the first; since when they have attempted to cast off their sub∣jection to the English, upon some stirs raised by Owin Glendover,* 1.151 who having been a favorite of King Ri∣chard the second, and discontented by King Henry the fourth, in a quarrell with the Lord Gray of Ruthin, that intruded upon his demaines, quarrelled with the King, and entred into open rebellion and confedera∣cie with all other his rebels, drawing the Welsh-men wholly to his side, in hope to have had Princes resto∣red of their own blood: and he maintained the same with wonderfull pride, policie, and obstinacie for a long time, untill his confederates, followers, and favorites, and his owne courage, credit, and mainte∣nance, were brought so low by that powerfull King, that in the end he perished for very want of food.

(5) Their Townes are not many, neither those that they have of any stately buildings,* 1.152 whereof Bala, Dolge••he, and Harle••h are the Markets. By Bala in the North-East of this County, in the Welsh Lhintegid, in English, Pimble-meare, a great Poole of water doth drowne at least eight-score Acres of ground:* 1.153 whose nature is, as the report doth passe, that the high-land floods though never so great, cannot make her to swell bigger by their receipts; but if the aire be trou∣bled with over-great blasts and tempests of windes, she in as great a rage riseth and passeth her bankes, as if she would encounter that enemy in fight. Into the South whereof the two-headed Dee with a pretie sharpe streame entreth, and thorow the same glideth without any mixture of the same water, as the Inha∣bitants beleeve; more strongly conceited in their opinion, for that the Salmon, usually taken in Dee, is never found in that Poole;* 1.154 and the fish called Guiniad bred in that Meare, never is seene in the River Dee. South thence, neere Dolgelhe, in a lower hill, a great Rampire of stone and compasse is seene, and hath beene some fortification or defence in warre: which whilst we were curious to finde out some instructions thereof, by report this onely we learned, that is was called Caddoryrita Dren, according to the name of her neighbour and farre higher hill.

(6) Upon the West and Sea-shore of this Shire, Harlech a Market and Major Towne standeth, bleake enough and barren,* 1.155 but onely for Fowle and Fish; houses not many, neither curiously built, wherein standeth a little Chappel decayed and without use, in which lieth buried Sir Richard Thimblebye, an En∣glish Knight, who for the delight hee tooke in that game, removed his abode from a farre better soyle. Here also standeth a most strong and beautifull Ca∣stle, mounted upon a hill, and with a double Bul∣warke walled about, commanding the Sea, and pas∣sage of entrance of such as seeke to invade the Coast. And surely a great pitie it is to see so faire a worke fall to decay: the Constable whereof by Patent is ever the Major of this Towne: neere unto which are two great Inlets of Seas, which at low water may be pas∣sed upon the Sands with Guides. Upon whose Shore, as upon all the Sea-coasts in this County, abundance of Herrings are caught, for which cause they are much frequented in the season of the yeere, by many peo∣ple from divers Countries.

(7) This Towne being the chiefest of the Shire. the Pole shall be elevated onely from thence, whose height for Latitude standeth in the degree 53.29. minutes, and for Longitude in the 15.47. minutes, The whole being divided into six Hundreds, where∣in are seated thirtie seven Parish-Churches, whose names in the Table following are to be seene.

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of Merionethshire

MERI¦ONETH+-SHIRE Described 1610

Page 118

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Merioneth-Shire.

HVNDREDS in Merioneth-shire.

1 ARdydury.
2 Penllyn.
3 Ydeirmon.
4 Talybont.
5 Mowthy.
6 Ystymanael.

Aberdowye, Ystymanael.
Alwen Flu.
Alwen Flu.
Angell Flu.
Artro Flu.
Avon vane Flu.

BALA, Penllyn.
Barmouth, Ardydury.
Benrose Wood, Talybont.
Traeth Bychan, Ardydury.
Buttus, ydeirmon.

Cayne Flu.
Cleton Flu.
Clowedok Flu. Mowthy.
Llyn Cotwry, Penllyn.
Cotsegeddol, Ardydury.
Corwen, ydeirmon.
Cunuell Flu.

Dee Flu.
Derye Flu.
Desunney Flu. Talybont.
Desunney Flu. ystymanael.
Dole, ydeirmon.
DOLGELHE, Talybont.
Douye Flu.
Druryd Flu.
Dynas Mothus, Mowthy.

Llyn Eithaye, Ardydury.

Farles Flu.
Festimog, Ardydury.
Funnondo Verduwy, Penllyn.

Glanllintegid, Penllyn.
Gwannas, Mowthy.
Gwyddelwern, ydeirmon.

HARLECH, Ardydury.
Hirgum Flu.

Kelyn Flu.
Kemmer Abbey, Talybont.
Kessilgum Flu.
Kevenreage, ydeirmon.

Llanagbrethe, Talybont.
Llanaelhairn, ydeirmon.
Llanbeder, Ardydury.
Llandderfel Gadern, Penllyn.
Llandanog, Ardydury.
Llandeber Flu.
Llandekwyn.
Llandegryn, Talybont.
Llandryllo, ydeirmon.
Lla••fawr Yn Melyn, Penllyn.
Llanfechraith, Talybont.
Llangor, ydeirmon.
Llanglynnin, Talybont.
Llangower, Penllyn.
Llansansfred, ydeirmon.
Llanenthowin, Ardydury.
Llanthoyway, Ardydury.
Llanwrothen, Ardydury.
Llanvihangell Y Pennant, ystymanael.
Llanyhangell, ydeirmon.
Llanvair, ydeirmon.
Llanunier.
Llanullyn, Penllyn.
Llanyhangell y traythe, Ardyd.
Llanykill, Penllyn.
Llanymorothwy, Mowthy.
Llanywhyllyn, Penllyn.
Llavern Flu.
Llavyltyd, Ardydury.
Llenegryn, Talybont.
Lleyngoryl Flu.
Llue Flu.
Llyn y combe, Ardydury
Llyn Tegid, Penllyn.
Llyn Troweryn, Penllyn.
Llyn Teckoyn, Ardydury.
Llyn Eithaye, Ardydury.

Monach doure Flu.
Mothvaye Flu.
Maynlloyd, Mowthy.
Maynturog, Ardydury.

Nanney, Talybont.

Penal, ystymanael.

Rarannare Hill, Penllyn.
Rhedok, ydeirmon.
Rhedok, ydeirmon.
Rulace, Penllyn.

Sarnabugh Point, Talybont.
Skethye Flu.

Taly Llyn, ystymanael.
Thehery Castle, ystymanael.
Llyn Tegid, Penllyn.
Towin Meryonidd, ystymanael.
Traeth Mawer, Ardydury.
Traeth Bychan, Ardydury.
Trawffynydh, Ardydury.
Troweryn Flu.
Llyn Troweryn, Penllyn.

Velynrydd Flu.

Llyn Ycombe, Ardydury.

Page 119

* 1.156DENBIGH-SHIRE, called in Welsh, Si••e Denbigh, retiring more from the Sea within the Countrey, on this side of the River Conwey shooteth East∣ward in one place as farre as to the River Dee: on the North, first the Sea (for a small space) and then Flint-shire encompasseth it: on the West, Caernarvon and Merioneth-shire; on the East, Che∣shire and S••ropshire; and on the South, Mountgome∣ry-shire.

* 1.157(2) The forme thereof is long, growing wider still towards the North-west, & narrower towards the East. It is in length from East to West, one and thirty miles, and in breadth from North to South, seventeen miles: in the whole circuit and circum∣ference, one hundred and foureteen miles.

* 1.158(3) The ayre is very wholesome and pleasant, yet bleake enough, as exposed to the winds on all sides, and the high hils, wherewith it is in many places environed; long retaining the congealed snow. The tops whereof, in the Summer time, are the harvest mens Almanacks,* 1.159 by the rising of certain vapours thereon in the mornings, and foreshew a faire day ensuing.

* 1.160(4) The Soyle is but barren towards the West part: yet the middle, where it lieth flat in a valley, is most fertile. The East side, when it is once past the valley, findeth Nature to be a very sparing niggard of her favours: but next unto Dee it feeleth a more liberall extent of her blessings. The west part is but here and there inhabited, and mounteth up more then the other with bare and hungry hils: yet the leannesse of the soil (where the hils settle anything flattish) hath been now a good while begun to be overcome by the diligent pains and carefull indu∣strie of the husbandmen;* 1.161 for they paring away the upper coat of the earth into certaine Turfes, with a broad kind of spade, pile them up artificially on heaps, and fire them, so as being turned into ashes, and thrown upon the ground so pared, they fructi∣fie the hungry barrennesse and sterilitie of soile, and make the fields bring forth a kind of Rye or Amell∣corne, in such plenty, as is hardly to be beleeved.

* 1.162(5) The ancient Inhabitants of this Countrey were the Ordovices, who be also named Ordovices, or Ordovicae: a puissant and courageous people, by rea∣son they kept wholly in a mountainous place, and took heart even of the soyle it selfe: for they conti∣nued longest free from the yoke both of Roman, and also of English dominion. They were not subdued by the Romans before the dayes of the Emperor Do∣mitian (for then Iulius Agricola cōquered almost the whole Nation) nor brought under the command of the English,* 1.163 before the Raigne of King Edward the first; but lived a long time in a lawlesse kind of li∣bertie, as bearing themselves bold upon their owne magnanimitie, and the strength of the Countrey.

* 1.164(6) The Mountains of this Countrey yeeld suffi∣ciencie of Neat, Sheep, and Goats. The Vallies in most places are very plenteous of Corn, especially Eastward on this side, betwixt the rivers of Alen and Dee; but the more Westerly part is healthy, and al∣together barren. The heart of the Shire shews it self beneath the hils, in a beautifull and pleasant Vale, reaching seventeen miles in length from South to North, & five miles, or ther-abouts, in breadth, and lieth open onely toward the Sea. It is environed on every side with high hils, amongst which, the high∣est is Moillenlly,* 1.165 on the top whereof is a warlike Fense with Trench and Rampire, and a little Foun∣tain of clear water. From these hils the River Cluyd resorts unto this Vale, and from the very Spring∣head (increased with becks and brooks) doth part it in twain, running through the midst of it; where∣of in ancient time it was named Strat Cluyd: for Ma∣rianus maketh mention of a King of the Strat Cluyd of the Welsh: And at this day it is commonly called Diffryn Cluyd, that is, The Vale of Cluyd.

This thing is worthy observation, as a matter memorable, both for admiration and antiquitie, that in the Parish of Llan-sanan within this Coun∣trey, there is a place compasse cut out of the main Rocke by mans hand, in the side of a stony hill, wherein there be foure and twenty seats to sit in, some lesse, some bigger, where children and young men coming to seek their cattell, use to sit, and to have their sports. And at this day they commonly call it Arthurs round Table.* 1.166

(7) Henry Lacy Earle of Lincolne, obtaining Den∣bigh by the grant of King Edward the first,* 1.167 after the conviction and beheading of David brother of Lle∣wellin for high treason, was the first that fortified it w^th a wal about, not large in circuit, but very strōg, and on the south-side with a fair castle, strengthned with many high towers. But he gave it over, & left the work unfinished, conceiving griefe (as a sorrow∣full father) that his onely sonne came to untimely death, and was drowned in the Well thereof. The same of this Town spreads it selfe farre for repute, as being reckoned the most beautifull place in all North-Wales:* 1.168 & it is of no lesse report, for the castle adjunct unto it is impregnable for fortificatiō. And this strange accident hapning there in the yeer 1575 deserves not to be omitted, being left as a continual remembrance of Gods mercifull providence and preservation at that time: that where by reason of great Earth-quakes,* 1.169 many people were put into great fear, and had much harme done unto them both within and without their houses, in the Cities of York, Worcester, Glocester, Bristow, Herefored, and in other Countries adjacent, yet in the Shire-hall of Denbigh the bel was caused to toll twice, by the sha∣king of the earth, and no hurt or hindrance at all ei∣ther done or received.* 1.170 The governmēt of this town is managed by two Aldermen, & two Bailiffes, who are yeerly elected out of twenty five Burgesses, that are their assistants. It hath one Recorder, one town-Clerk, and two Sergeants at Mace: and by obser∣vation of the Mathematicks,* 1.171 the Pole is elevated in the degree of Latitude 53. & 49. scruples, and from the first West point in Longitude 16. and 45.

(8) This County,* 1.172 with them of Flint and Carnar∣von-shires, are not divided by pricks into their seve∣ral hundreds in their Cards, according to the rest of this work, the want of their particulars in the Par∣liament Rowls so causing it, which for the good of these 3. Shires, I earnestly sought to have supplied from the Nomina Villarum, in their Sheriffes books, & had promise of them that might easily have pro∣cured the same. But whether a fearlesse jealousie possessed their spirits, lest the riches of these Shires, by revealing such particulars, should be further sought into, I cannot say: yet this I have observed in all my Survey, that wher least is to be had, the grea∣test fears are possessed. Take these Shires therefore to be done as I could, and not as I would, that wish both the wealth of them all, and their esteem to be of better regard by those that may do them good.

(9) This Shire then is divided into twelve Hun∣dreds,* 1.173 for the readier ordering of businesses neces∣sary to the State of the Countrey; wherein are placed 3. Market Towns fit for buying and selling,* 1.174 and other negotiations.* 1.175 It hath 5. Castles to defend her selfe,* 1.176 and to offend her enemies, and 57. Pa∣rishes for Gods divine service and worship; as this Table more particularly expresseth.

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of Denbighshire

DENBIGH SHIRE

Page 120

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Denbigh-Shire.

HVNDREDS in Denbigh-shire.

1. BRomfeild.
2. Yale.
3. Chirkland.
4. Issallet.
5. Vchallet.
6. Istulas.
7. Vochdulas.
8. Kynmerche.
9. Ruthin.
10. Llannerche.
11. Collion.
12. Dogvylyn.

Abenbury.
Abergele.
Aled Flu.
Alen Flu.
Alen Bachan Flu.
Almere.
Alwen Flu.

Bachinbid.
Barrog.
Barhavern.
Bers.
Bettus.
Bodederis Landegley.
Breynegloys.
Bystock.

Place Cadogan,
Chirk.
Chirk Castle.
Christioneth Flu.
Clawedok Flu.
Clawedok Flu.
Clocanok.
Cluyd Flu.
Cluyd Flu.
Comon wood.

Dasart.
Castle Denas brayn.
DENBIGH.
Derwen.

Eglos.
Egluyseg.
Elwy Flu.

Foxholes.
Chappell Funhown vaier.

Chappell Garmon.
Gresford.
Gwenurow Flu.
Gwetheryn.
Gyrow Flu.

Hauotawern.
Hendray.
Hespyn Flu.
Heullan.
Holt parke.
Holt Castle.
Holyn.

Iscoid Chappell.

Kenlet Flu.
Keriog Flu.
Chappell Ky.

Llanarmon.
Llanarmon.
Llanarmon Defrine Keriog.
Llanbeder.
Llancadwalater.
Llanddlas.
Llandisilio in Devouret.
Llandurnog.
Llanegwa••t Abbey
Llanelian.
Llanelidan.
Llanganhaual.
Llangedwin.
Llangiruew.
Langollen.
Llangum.
Llangwiuen.
Llanhiclian.
Llankerigedredion
Llanrayder.
Llanrust.
Llansanfrayd in Glyn.
Llansanfraid.
Llansaiman.
Llanshanshare.
Llansyllyn.
Llanthiged.
Llanvaier.
Llanvarog.
Llanverres.
Llanusyd.
Llannunnis.
Llanyader Amoughnant.
Llaruth.
Llavaier.
Lleuenye.
Lleueny Flu.
Lleueny.
Llynaled.

Manyan Flu.
Markwiell.
Maysmynan.
Melendydar Flu.
Moyluinlle hill.
Chappell Moynglathe.

Nanclin.
Neag Flu.
Newhall.

Chappell Pentreuidog.
Pergwerne.
Plasward.

Ru••bon.
RVTHIN.
Ryader Flu.

Snediok parke.

Tauat.
Tiherion.

Vagli.
Veneghtid.

Wheler Flu.
Whitchurch.
WREXHAM.

Place Ycha.
Yspity.

Page 121

* 1.177FLINT-SHIRE, stretching out in length, broad at one end, and narrow at ano∣ther, is not much unlike in fashion to a wedge, a peece of which is cut off by the meeting of Cheshire and Denbigh-shire, South-East in distance some foure miles. It borders East-ward with part of Cheshire, from whence it is garded in length with the River Dee unto the North, which parteth Worral and Flint-shire, till you come to a little Iland called Hell-bree. North∣ward it is bounded with the Virginian Sea: on the West, a little River, called Cluyd, parteth her and Denbigh-shire a∣sunder: and on the South altogether by Shrop-shire.

* 1.178(2) This Countrey is nothing Mountainous, as o∣ther parts of Wales are, but rising gently all along the Ri∣ver of Dee, makes a faire shew and prospect of her selfe to every eye that beholds her, as well upon the River, being in most places there-abouts foure or five miles broad, as upon the other side thereof, being a part of Cheshire.

* 1.179(3) The Ayre is healthfull and temperate, without any foggy clouds or fenny vapours, saving that sometimes there ariseth from the Sea, and the River Dee, certaine thick and smoky-seeming mists, which neverthelesse are not found hurtfull to the Inhabitants, who in this part live long and healthfully.

* 1.180(4) The Clime is somewhat colder there then in Che∣shire, by reason of the Sea, and the River that engirts the better part of her; by which, the Northerne winds being long carried upon the waters, blow the more cold; and that side of the Countrey upward, that lyeth shoaring unto the top, having neither shelter nor defence, receiveth them in their full power, and is naturally a Bulwarke from their violence unto her bordering neighbours, that maketh the snow to lye much longer there, then on the other side of the River.

* 1.181(5) The Soile bringeth forth plenty both of Corne and grasse, as also great store of Cattle, but they be little. To supply which defect, they have more by much in their numbers then in other places where they be bigger. Great store of Fish they take in the River of De••,* 1.182 but little from the Sea, by reason they have no Havens or Creekes for boates. No great store of Woods either there or in any other part of Wales are found, it having beene a generall plague unto all the Countrey ever since the head-strong re∣bellions of their Princes and great men against the Kings of England, that (in time) tooke away the principall helpes of their Innovations, by cutting downe their woods, whereof in this Shire there hath heretofore beene great plenty.* 1.183 Fruits are scarce, but Milke, Butter, and Cheese plenty, as also store of Honey, of the which they make a pleasant Wine, in colour like (in taste not much unlike) unto Muskadine, which they call Matheglin. Yea, and in the dayes of Giraldus Cambrensis, neere the place now called Holy-Well, was a rich Mine of Silver, in seeking af∣ter which, men pierced and pryed into the very bowels of the earth.

* 1.184(6) The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the Ordovices, a sturdy people against the Romans, but now most kind and gentle towards the English, and indeed make much of all strangers, except they be crossed, and then they are the contrary.

* 1.185(7) Places of defence are the Castles of Flint, Hawar∣den, vulgarly Harden, Treer, Rudland, Mold, Yowley, and Hope:* 1.186 of which Flnt and Harden are the two principall. The Castle of Flint, famous for the benefit it received from two Kings, and for the refuge and reliefe it gave unto the third. It was founded by Henry the second,* 1.187 finished by Ed∣ward the first,* 1.188 and long after gave harbour and entertainment to that Noble, but unfortunate Prince, Richard the second,* 1.189 comming out of Ireland, being within her walles a free and absolute King, but no sooner without, but taken pri∣soner by Henry Bullinbroke, Duke of Lancaster, losing at that time his liberty, and not long after his life. This stand∣eth in the graduation of Latitude 53 55. minutes, in Lon∣gitude 17.

* 1.190For the Castle of Hawarden, no record remaines of the first Founder, but that it was held a long time by the Ste∣wards of the Earles of Chester: Howbeit, their resistances did not so generally consist in the strength of their Castles and Fortifications, as in their Mountaines and Hills, which in times of danger served as naturall Bulwarkes and Defen∣ces unto them against the force of enemies. As was that which standeth in a certaine strait set about with Woods, neere unto the River Alen, called Coles-hull, that is, Coles-hill,* 1.191 where the English, by reason of their disordered multi∣tude, not ranged close in good array, lost the field, and were defeated, when King Henry the second had made as great preparation as might be to give battell unto the Welsh, and the very Kings Standard was forsaken by Henry of Essex, who was Standard bearer to the King of England in right of inheritance.

(8) This Country hath many shallow Rivers in it, but none of fame and note, but Dee and Cluyde. Howbeit, there is a Spring not farre from Rudland Castle, of great report and antiquity, which is termed Fons Sacer,* 1.192 in English, Ho∣ly-Well, and is also commonly called Saint Winefrids Well; of whom antiquity thus reporteth: That Winefrid a Chri∣stian Virgin, very faire and vertuous, was doated upon by a young lustfull Prince or Lord of the Countrey, who not being able to rule his head-strong affections, having many times in vaine attempted and tryed her chastitie, both by rich gifts and large promises, could not by any meanes ob∣taine his desires; he therefore (in a place of advantage) sud∣denly surprized and ravished her weake (yet resisting) bo∣dy. After the deed done, the cruell Tyrant, to stop her cryes and acclamations, slew her, and cut off her head: out of which place did suddenly arise a Spring that continueth to this day,* 1.193 carrying from the Fountaine such a forcible streame and current, as the like is not found in Christen∣dome. Over the head of the Spring there is built a Chappell of free-stone,* 1.194 with Pillars curiously wrought and ingraved, in the Chancell whereof, and Glasse-window, the picture of the Virgin is drawne; together with the memoriall of her life and death. To this Fountaine Pilgrims are accusto∣med to repaire in their zealous, but blind devotion; and di∣vers others resort to bathe in, holding firmely that the water is of much vertue.

There be many red stones in the bottome of this Well,* 1.195 and much greene mosse growing upon the sides: the super∣stition of the people holding that those red spots in the stones were drops of the Ladies blood, which all the water in the Spring can never wash away; and that the mosse a∣bout the wall was her haire, which though some of it be gi∣ven to every stranger that comes, yet it never wasteth. But howsoever this be carried for truth by the tradition of time, the mosse it selfe smells exceeding sweet.

There is also hard by Kilken (a small village) within this County,* 1.196 a little Well of no great note, that at certain times riseth and falleth, after the manner of Sea-tides.

(9) In the South part of this Country, divided from the rest, is a place (in some written Copies of Antonine, called Bovium) which we now terme Banchor,* 1.197 first a City, and afterwards a Monastery of famous memory, and the first that is read of in the world:* 1.198 wherein (as Beda saith) were a great number of Monkes, and them divided into seven Companies, every one having his severall Ruler assigned. None of these Companies had lesse then three hundred persons devoted to prayer, and to get living by their owne labour, for themselves and the poore: although it hath long since been utterly ruinate, so as now there is scarce seene the face and outward shew of a dead Citie or Monastery. It hath only the names of two Gates remaining,* 1.199 one stand∣ing a mile distant from another, and betwixt which the River Dee now runneth, where are oftentimes found ma∣ny peec••s of Roman Coine, and other tokens of antiquity. But of these shall be more mention made in the following History.

Another like Monastery, but of lesser accompt, stood in the Vale beneath Varis (a little Citie placed by the Romans in the confines of this Shire and Denbigh-shire) and upon the Banke of Elwy and Cluyd:* 1.200 This the Britaines call Llan-Elwy,* 1.201 of the River; the Englishmen, Asaph, of the Founder; and the Historiographers, Asaphensis. It is more famoused for antiquity, then for building or bravery: for about the yeare 560. Kentigern Bishop of Glasco,* 1.202 being sled hither out of Scotland, placed here a Bishops See, and erected a Monastery gathering together 663. in a religious brother∣hood, whereof three hundred that were unlearned,* 1.203 gave themselves to husbandry, and to worke within the Monaste∣ry; the rest to prayer and meditations. When he returned into Scotland,* 1.204 he ordained Asaph, a godly and upright man, to be Governour over this Monastery, of whom it took the name, and is called Saint Asaphs.

Another Monastery of great account was at Basing∣warke in this County,* 1.205 neere unto which began that admi∣rable Ditch drawne thence unto the mouth of Severne by King Offa,* 1.206 the Tract whereof I have expressed thorow this Shire, and will further speake thereof in the following Hi∣story.

(10) This Shire is divided into five Hundreds,* 1.207 fortified with seven Castles, hath only one Market-Town, and twen∣ty eight Parishes, in which there is continuall celebration of divine Service.

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of Flintshire

FLINT-SHIRE

Page 122

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Flint-shire.

HUNDREDS in Flint-shire.

1. MOuld.
2. Mailers.
3. Rudland.
4. Prestrattyn.
5. Coleshill.

Alen.
Alen Flu.
S. Asaph.
Llan Asaphe.

Bangor.
Basingwarke.
Bottesley.
Broughton.
Bruerton.
Burton.

CAIER W••S.
Cluyn Flu.
Combe.
Cornish.

Darland Greene.
Demyrchion.
Nether Droitwiche.
Over Droitwiche.
Dyffyrdwy, or Dee Flu.
Dyssart.

Escoyte Hall.

Fens Hall.
Flint.

Gronant.
Gulgrave.
Gwenusker.

Hanmere.
Harden Castle.
Haulton.
Holiwell.
Horsheath.

Kilken.
Kinnerton.

Maghegreg.
Meliden.
Merford.
Molde.
Moston.

Nannarch.
Chapell Nerquoyes.
Northop.

Clawdh Offa, or Offas ditch.
Old parke.
Orton madok.

Penley Chappell.
Potruthan.
Potuary.
Prestatin.

Relusnoyde.
Rudland Castle.

Sevion Flu.
Skiviog.

Tegidog Flu.
Talarkrey.
Treer Castle.
Trethyn.
Trevealen.

Wheler Flu.
Whitford.
Whitwell Chappell.
Willington.
Worthenbury.

Yowley Castle.
Yowley Hill.

Page 123

CAERNARVON-SHIRE. CHAPTER XIIII.

* 1.208CAernarvon-shire, in Welsh, Sire Ca-er-ar-von, so called because it is just over against Anglesey, (which the Britaines call Mon,) and in cōposition was termed also Snow∣den Forrest, before Wales was laid into Shires; the North-side where∣of and the West butt••th upon the Irish-Sea, the South-side is inclosed with Merioneth, and the East with Denbigh-shires, from which it is severed by the River Conwey.

* 1.209(2) The forme thereof is much like a wedge, long and narrow toward the South, and growing still wider to∣wards the North: so that from Pevenkel-point South-ward, to Or••s-head-point North-ward, are fortie Miles, from the River Conwey East-ward, to the River Llenoy West-ward, Miles twenty: and the whole circumference one hundred and ten Miles.

* 1.210(3) The Ayre is sharpe and piercing, by reason that the Countrey hath not naturall provision to ensconce her self against the extremity of winds and weather: but espe∣cially as may be thought, through the continuance of the Snow on the hills, which also exclude the Sunnes aspect and warmth.

* 1.211(4) The soile cannot be much commended for the fer∣tility, except those parts of the Sea-coasts, which lye on the West toward Ireland: but for the heart of this Shire, it is al∣together mountainous, as if Nature had a purpose here, by rearing up these craggy hills so thicke together, strongly to compact the joynts or this our Iland, aud to frame the In∣land part thereof for a ••it place of refuge to the Britaines, against those times of adversity which afterward did fall upon them; for no Armie though never so strongly, or scarce any Travellers,* 1.212 though never so lightly appointed, can find passage among those so many rough and hard Rockes, so many Vales, and Pooles here and there, cros∣sing all the wayes, as ready obstacles to repell any inroades of forraine assailants. These Mountaines may not unfitly be termed the British Alpes,* 1.213 as being the most vaste of all Britaine, and for their steepnesse and cragginesse not unlike to those of Italy, all of them to wring up into the Ayre, and round encompassing one farre higher then all the rest, pe∣culiarly called Snowdon-Hill,* 1.214 though the other likewise in the same sense, are by the Welsh termed Craig Eriry, as much as Snowy Mountaines, taking their name as doth (by Plinies testimony) Niphates in Armenia, and Imaus in Scy∣thia: For all the yeare long these lye mantelled over with Snow hard crusted together, though otherwise for their height they are open and lyable both to the Sunne to dis∣solve them, and the winds to over-sweep them.

* 1.215(5) The ancient Inhabitants of this Country were the Ordovices, of whom we have sufficiently spoken in the de∣scription of the former Provinces; neither need I insist ei∣ther upon the pleasures or profits that this Country yeeld∣eth, by reason of the great affinity it hath both of Climate and Commodities with Denbigh-shire and Flint-shire be∣fore mentioned: But this beyond the other in some places breeds certaine Shel-fishes,* 1.216 which being conceived by an heavenly dew bring forth Pearles, in ancient times more reckoned of then now they are.

* 1.217(6) Touching places of note, that City is very ancient which the Emperour Antonine calleth Segontium, taking name of a River running by, which at this day is called Se∣ioni:* 1.218 some reliques of the walls whereof doe yet appeare, neere unto a little Church consecrated to the honour of Saint Publicius.* 1.219 This City Ninnius calleth Caer Custenith, which some interpret the City of Constantine. Indeed Mathew Westminster saith (how true I know not) that An∣no 1283.* 1.220 here was found the body of Constantius (Father to great Constantine) which King Edward the first caused to be sumptuously bestowed in the Church of the new Ci∣ty, which he raised out of the ruines of the old, and is now called Caernarvon,* 1.221 which giveth name to this whole Shire. The Towne it selfe yeeldeth a most excellent pro∣spect towards the Sea, and is incompassed (in a manner) round with the walls of the Castle: so as we may say, it is a City within a Castle,* 1.222 which taketh up the whole West-side of it: and great pity it is, that so famous a worke should not be perpetuous, or ever become the ruin of time, which is much feared, for the mercilesse underminings of the Sea, that with her daily and forcible irruptions never ceaseth to wash away the foundations of the key. The people of this Towne are well approved for courtesie,* 1.223 and also Civill Go∣vernment, which is administred by the Constable of the Castle (who is ever Major by Patent) having the assistance of one Alderman, two Bailiffes, two Sergeants at Mace, and one Town-Clerke. The Townesmen doe not a little glory that King Edward the second was borne there,* 1.224 in a Tower of the Castle, called Eagle-Tower, and surnamed of Caer-nar-von, he being the first Prince of Wales of the English line. The site of this Towne according to Mathe∣maticall observation is in the degree of Longitude 15. and 50. scruples from the first West-point, and the Pole elevated in Latitude 53. and 50.

Bangor,* 1.225 the Bishops See, though it be now but a small Towne, yet was it in times past so large, that for the great∣nesse therof it was called Banchor Vaur, that is, Great Ban∣chor; which Hugh Earle of Chester fortified with a Castle: But it hath been long since utterly ruinated and laid levell with the ground, insomuch as there is not any footing to be found, or other monuments left thereof, although they have been sought with all diligent enquiry. This Bishops See hath within the Dioces ninety six Parishes. But the ancient Church which was consecrated unto Daniel, sometime Bi∣shop thereof, was defaced and set on fire by that notorious Rebell Owen Glendowerdwy,* 1.226 who had a purpose also to de∣stroy all the Cities of Wales, for that they stood for the King of England. And though the same Church was since repai∣red about the time of King Henry the seventh, yet hath it scarce recovered the resemblance of her former dignity.

The River Conwey (which limiteth this Shire on the East-side) is in Ptolemy by corruption or ignorance of Tran∣scribers called Toisovius,* 1.227 in stead of Cononius, whence Ca∣nonium (a Town mentioned by Antonine) took name: and albeit both it, and its name be now utterly extinct, yet is there a covert remembrance thereof in the new name of a poore Village, standing among the rubbish thereof, called Caer-hean,* 1.228 (that is) The ancient City: Out of the spoyle whereof K. Edward the first, built a new Towne at the Ri∣vers mouth,* 1.229 termed thereupon Aber-Conwey, (that is) the mouth of Conwey, which being formerly fortified by Hugh of Chester, and strongly situated and fenced both with wals and a faire Castle by the Rivers side, deserves rather the name of a City then a Town, if it were more populous and traffiqued with Inhabitants. Neither must I here forget Newin, though but a small Market-Towne, for that it plea∣sed the English Nobles Anno 1284. to honour it and the memory of King Arthur,* 1.230 with triumphant celebrity, after they had subdued the rebellious Ring-leaders of Wales.

(7) Other matters of memorable note this Countrey affordeth not much, unlesse perhaps this; That just over a∣gainst the River Conwey, where it issueth into the sea, there sometime stood an ancient City named Diganwey, which many yeares ago was consumed by lightning, and so made utterly desolate, as many other monuments have been, of ancient and worthy memory. As likewise that in the Poole Lin-Peris,* 1.231 there is a kind of Fish called there Torcoch, ha∣ving a red belly, no where else seene. For touching these two other miracles famoused by Giraldus and Gervasius, that on those his high Hills there are two Pooles called the Meares, the one of which produceth great store of fish, but all having only one eye, and in the other there is a moveable iland, which as soone as a man treadeth on, it forthwith floateth a great way off, whereby the Welsh are said to have often scaped and deluded their enemies assailing them: these matters are out of my Creed, and yet I think the Rea∣der had rather beleeve them, then to go to see whether it be so or no.

It is traded with five Market-Towns fit for bargaining,* 1.232 buying & selling, fortified with four Castles, and hath sixty eight Parish-churches in it, where the Inhabitants concurre and meet together for the celebration of divine Service.

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of Carnarvonshire

CAERNARVON BOTH SHYRE AND Shire-towne with the ancient Citie BANGOR described. Anno Domini 16••0

Page 124

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers and memorable places mentioned in Caernarvon-Shire.

ABERCONWY
Abereach.
Apennant.

BANGOR.
Bardesey Iland.
Bednell.
Bedskrethlim.
Bedsyllin.
Bethkelert.
Bettus Seyrionython.
Bettus Garmon.
Botunog.
Bodvean.
Bodverin Chappel.
Braychypult point.
Bryncrois.
Brimmoyle.
Brynyryn.

Caier Ierienrode.
Caierhean.
CARNARVAN.
Carngugh Chappel.
Carrog Flu.
Carodinbill-rocke.
Clenoguaure.
Clenunay.
Conwy Flu.
Llyn Coulwyd,

Daren Flu.
Castle Delbadern.
Dinas Orveg.
Dinas Dynlle.
Llyn Dolathelan.
Dolathelan Castle.
Dolbemer.
Dowye Gonulchy.

Earch Flu.
Edarne.
Eglos-rosse.
Saint Elyn.

Funnon Llegoe.

Gastell Flu.
Girch Flu.
Guffin Flu.
Guffin.
Gwely Flu.
Gwelyn Island.
Gwider.

Saint Katherins.
Kenhayerne Chappell.
Kerig Chappell.
Keveamulch.
Kreky the Castle.
Kydeo.

Llanaber.
Llanarmon.
Llanbeblin.
Llanbedro.
Llanbeder.
Llanberis.
Llyn Llanberis.
Llancastyn.
Llandaguinnim.
Llandidno.
Llandidwen.
Llandigaio.
Llandrighla.
Llandurog.
Llangeby.
Llangedol Chap∣pell, or Pentire.
Llangenvill Chappell.
Llanghennyn.
Llangustennyn.
Llanken.
Llanlledhyd.
Llanlleveny,
Llannor.
Llanpenmachno.
Llanrughwen.
Llannyhangle.
Enreage.
Llanihangle.
Maghholet.
Llannunda.
Llanyngan.
Llanstidwy.
Llanthaniolen.
Llanvaier vachan.
Llanvaier Iskaer.
Llanvaie Irise.
Llanvaglan.
Llanvylhayrne.
Lledder Flu.
Lleggy Flu.
Llenony Flu.
Lloinderis.
Glyn Llynan.
Llynan Flu.
Llyndothadern.
Llynhaladoylen.
Llynkeggil.
Llynmumber.
Llyntrevennin.
Llynnydulyn.
Llynyga.

Madryn.
Mapanab.
May Flu.
Mercrosse Island.
Mildeyrne.
Monithnuehill.

Nangunadle.
Naulle.
NEWIN.

Ogwen Chappell.
Ormeshead point.

Penlleache.
Penmen maur.
Penmen bychan.
Pen morvay.
Penry.
Penryn.
Penvenkle point.
Pistill.
Porlerit Flu.
Porthathuferye.
PUL LHELY.

Rhiw.
Ryvill Hill.

Saint Flu.
Sinadon Castle.
Snowdown Hill.
Stidwell Island.

Teduelion.
Thenuio.
Traythe Maur.
Trevelis.
Tycomer point.

Page 125

ANGLESEY. CHAPTER XV.

* 1.233ANGLESEY was in the time of the Romanes called Mona, by the Britains Mon, and Tir-Mon (that is) the Land of Mon, of the ancient English Saxons Mo∣neg: And at last, after the Eng∣lishmen had by their sharp and severall assaults brought it un∣der their rule, and became Lords thereof, it was termed Anglesey, as one would say, The English∣mens Island.

* 1.234(2) For, an Island it is, albeit it be severed from the Continent of Britaine, but with a small and nar∣row straight of the River Menai, and on all other parts beaten upon with the surging and troublous Irish sea, in which it lieth somwhat square-wise, not much different in length and breadth; being where it reacheth out in length,* 1.235 from Beau-marish East-ward to the utmost Promontorie West-ward, which we call Holy-head, twentie miles, and in bredth from Llanbaderik North-ward,* 1.236 to the point of Menai Southward, seventeen miles; the whole circuit or circumference amounting towards se∣ventie miles.

* 1.237(3) The aire is reasonable gratefull and health∣full, and not generally subject to diseases, except∣ing certain Agues at sometimes, which are occasio∣ned by the fogs and mi••ty exhalations, which arise from the Sea, called Mare Virginium, with the which this Isle is encompassed.

* 1.238(4) The commodities that commend (or ra∣ther beautifie) this County, are in corne and cattle, wherewith it not only enricheth it self exceeding∣ly, but sendeth out great provision thereof to o∣thers to supply their defects: and although the ground may seeme dry and stony, or unpleasant and nothing sightly, wherein for the outward quality it resembleth some other parts of Wales, that are not so fruitfull, yet for the inward bounties of nature, it is farre unlike: for above all the coasts of Wales it is most plentifull of Wheat, in so much as by Giraldus Cambrensis report, they are wont to say in Welsh, by way of a Proverbe,* 1.239 Mon Mam Cambry, which is to say, Mon is the mother of Wales; for that when other Countries harvest fails round about, or their pro∣vision is exhaust and drawne dry, this alone, like a provident & full-brested mother, is able to sustain the rest. Whereunto Nature most povidently hath added another benefit serviceable and necessary to the former, in that the Countrey produceth also those kinde of stones which are called Molares, as of all other fittest to make Mill-stones or Grind-stones.* 1.240 In some places also it yeeldeth an earth of Aluminous qualitie, out of which some not long since began to make Alom and Coperose, * 1.241 who (like unflesht souldiers) gave over their enterprise with∣out further hope, because at first they saw it not answer their over-hastie expectations.

* 1.242(5) The ancient Inhabitants of this Countrey were the Ordovices, mentioned before in the pre∣cedent Provinces of Denbigh-shire, Flint-shire, and Carnarvon-shire. And this very Island was that anci∣ent, & so much enobled seat of the British Druids, who so amated the army of Romane invaders, as Tacitus reports, & as els-where we have related in the 6^t Book and 7^th chapter of our ensuing History.

(6) This Nation was attempted first by Paulinus Suetonius in the raigne of Nero,* 1.243 but brought under the Romane Empire by Iulius Agricola. When the Empire of the Romanes in Britaine began to decline and goe downe-ward,* 1.244 some out of Ireland entred into this Isle by stealth, and nestled themselves there, as may be gathered by certaine Mounts of earth entrenched about, and yet to be seene, which they call the Irish-mens Cottages: as also by a place named of the Irish-men, yn Hiericy Gwidil, who did there (as is recorded) put the Britains to flight un∣der the leading of Sirigus. The Norwegians also were often infestuous to this Island, but K. Ethel∣reds Fleet, having in the yeere 1000. scoured the Seas round about this Isle, farre exceeded all both Irish and Norwegian depopulations, for they wasted the Countrey in all hostile manner.

(7) After this, two Hughs, both Normans, did greatly afflict this Island. The one being Earle of Chester, and the other of Shrewesbury; at which very time Maginus the Norwegian arriving there, shot Hugh Earle of Shrewesbury thorow with arrow, and departed after he had ransacked the Island. It was afterwards grievously infested by the English∣men, who never gave over from time to time to in∣vade it, untill in the raign of King Edward the first,* 1.245 it was wholly brought under his subjection.

(8) The principall Towne in this Isle is Beau∣marish,* 1.246 which the said King Edward the first built in the East side thereof, and for the faire situation, though in a Moorish place, gave it the name which it now beareth, whereas in times past it was called Bonover, which hee also fortified with a goodly Castle.

(9) The Major is the chiefest Magistrate of the Towne,* 1.247 who is yearely chosen, and hath the assist∣ance and help of two Bayliffes, two Sergeants at Mace, and one Towne-Clerke: by whose carefull diligence the affairs of this Towne are orderly ma∣naged and commanded: whose latitude is 54. and longitude 15.45. minutes.

(10) Not far from hence is Lhaanvais, in times past a faire Religious house of the Friers Minors,* 1.248 which although it be now in a manner razed out of memory, yet antiquity maketh mention that it hath beene of great regard among the Kings of England, who have shewed themselves very boun∣tifull Patrons unto that Covent, both in respect of the sanctimonious life of such as conversed there, as also because there the bodies of very eminent per∣sons (as the daughter of K. Iohn,* 1.249 the son of a King of the Danes, as likewise of many great Lords, Knights and Squires) were interred, that were slaine in the wars against the Welsh, in the times of many illustri∣ous Kings of England.

(11) This Isle is reckoned to have had ancient∣ly many Villages in it, even to the number of three hundred threescore and three; and the same even at this day is very well peopled.

The division of this Isle for disposition of affairs that belong either to the state of the Crowne,* 1.250 or to the condition of the countrey, is into six hundreds: in which are seated two Market-towns, and seven∣tie-foure Parish-Churches for Gods divine honour and worship, as is Alphabetically gathered in the Table following.

Page [unnumbered]

[illustration] map of Anglesey

ANGLESEY Antiently called MONA. Described 1680

Page 126

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Anglesey.

HVNDREDS in Anglesey.

1. TAlibolion.
2. Twrkelyn.
3. Llyfon.
4. Malltraeth.
5. Meney.
6. Tyndaythwy.

Aberfro, Mall.
Abermenai ferye, Meney.
Alow Flu.
Amlwoch, Twrk.

BEWMARIS, Tyn.
Boddon, Mall.
Bodedrin, Llyf.
Bodmon hill, Twrk.
Bodower∣vcha, Meney.
Bodower∣issa, Meney.
Bodwrog, Lly.
Brant Flu.
Brant Flu.

Caergiby, Taly.

Dinas wethon, Taly.
Dulas Flu.

Gronait, Taly.
Gweger Flu.
Gynt Flu.

Hardravie, Meney.
Henregadog, Men.
Hillary point, Twrk.
Holy-head, Taly.

Inys wealt, Llyf.
Inys lygod, Twrk.
Chappell Ithon, Twrk.

Saint Katherins, Tyn.
Kevenye Flu.
Kirghhiog, Llyf.

Llanallgo, Twrk.
Llanarghymeath. T.
Llanbabo, Taly.
Llanbadrig, Taly.
Llanbedor, Tyn.
Llanbeullan, Llyf.
Llanddniol∣vab, Mene.
Llandegvayne, Tyn.
Llandru∣um, Meney.
Llandona, Tyn.
Llandou∣rodok Twrk.
Llandisilio, Tyn.
Llandry∣garn, Llyf.
Llandifry∣dog, Twrk.
Llaneaston, Tyn.
Llanedwen, Meney.
Llaneigred, Twrk.
Llaneleth frenyn, Twrk.
Llanelian, Twrk.
Llanfechel, Taly,
Llhanfinan, Meney.
Llanflewin, Taly.
Llangaffo, Meney.
Llangefin, Meney.
Llangnewin, Meney.
Llangriftioles, Mall.
Llangourday, Tyn.
Llangoyhlog, Mall.
Llangwildog, Llyf.
Llangwyfen, Mall.
Llangyd, walader, Mall.
Llangynwen, Mall.
Llanheneglos, Mall.
Llanllawen vawryn ros golyn, Mene.
Llanllibio, Llyf.
Llanridfel, Meney.
Llanrid∣lad, Taly.
Llauroderis, Twrk.
Llanrwydrys, Taly.
Llansadurne, Tyn.
Llansanfraid, Taly.
Llanthowywer, Me.
Llanthufuam, Tyn.
Llanvachraith, Taly.
Llanvaethly, Taly.
Llanvaier, up wradige, Twr.
Llanvaier, Taly.
Llanvaiet eubroll, Llyf.
Llanvaier Inhenering, sithay, Tyn.
Llanvair ycromwd, Men.
Llanvaiergwin pull gingill, Ty.
Llanvair yng∣howrnyw, Tal.
Llanvailog, Llyf.
Llanvais, Tyn.
Llanverion, Mall.
Lanvigail, Taly.
Llanvihangle ymhemros, Twr.
Llanvihangell, Llyf.
Llanvihangle yskiwiog, Men.
Llanvihangell tre••z bard, Tw.
Llanuwrog, Taly.
Llnwenll∣wife, Twrk.
Llanyddey∣sant, Taly.
Llanyug∣henell, Llyf.
Llanyhangel, Tyn.
Llany trysavit, Llyf.
Llech ryd, Llyf.
Llech-gyn farwy, Llyf.
Llinon Flu.
Lloydearth, Twrk.
Lluidon, Meney.
Llyn Corran, Mall.

Chappell Maier, Mall.
Malltraeth Flu.
Mathhanan Flu.
Menai flu.

NEWBVRGH, M.
Place Newith, Tyn.

Penmynid, Meney.
Pentreath, Tyn.
Pontrid pont, Taly.
Pontourid, Tyn.
Porthamble, Mene.
Porthathu∣ferye, Tyn.
Precead∣duet, Llyf.
Prestholme Island, Tyn.
The Priorye, Tyn.

Redgynt, Meney.
Redigilio, Meney.
Rosbeiro, Twrk.
Rownd Ta∣ble hill, Tyn.

Saint Sirian, Tyn.
The Sound, Tyn.

Chappell Talallayn, Mall.
Talyllin, Twrk.
Tresdraeth, Mall.
Tregavon, Mene.
Trevarthin, Mene.
Trewalchmay, Llyf.
Trysylwin hils, Tw.

Ycoedon, Twrk.
Chappell Yloughroid. Taly.

Notes

* 1.1

Verstegan lib. Rest••s. cap. 5.

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* 1.2

Offa made M••ar between his Kingdome and Wales.

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* 1.3

The breadth and length of Wales.

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* 1.4

Rodericus Mag∣nus divided it into three Re∣gions, Ann. Christ. 870.

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* 1.5

Shrewsbury.

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* 1.6

D. Powel.

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* 1.7

Gwyneth or North-wales.

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* 1.8

Anglesey.

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* 1.9

Caernarvon.

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* 1.10

M. Tate.

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* 1.11

Hist. of Wales. Mon or Angle∣sey the first part of North-wales.

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* 1.12

Beau-marish the chiefe towne of An∣glesey.

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* 1.13

Arvon or Caer∣narvon the second part of North-wales. Caernarvon the Shire-towne of the Countie of Carnarvon.

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* 1.14

Merioneth the third part of North-wales.

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* 1.15

Y Bervedhwlad the fourth part of North-wales.

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* 1.16

D. Pow. Hist. of Wales.

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* 1.17

Mathraval the second King∣dome.

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* 1.18

Powys Vadoc the first part belonging to Mathraval.

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* 1.19

Powys between Wye and Se∣verne, the se∣cond part be∣longing to Mathraval.

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* 1.20

Powys Wen∣wynwyn the third part of Mathraval.

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* 1.21

South-wales the third King∣dome.

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* 1.22

Cardigan the first part of South-wales.

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* 1.23

The towne of Caerdigan.

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* 1.24

Dyvet or Pem∣broke the se∣cond part of South-wales.

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* 1.25

Caermarden-shire the third part of South-wales.

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* 1.26

Glamorgan-shire the fourth part of South-wales.

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* 1.27

Gwent the fifth part of South-wales.

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* 1.28

Brecknock-shire the sixt part of South-wales.

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* 1.29

An. 35. c. 25.

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* 1.30

An. 27. c. 27.

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* 1.31

Pembroke-shire bounds.

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* 1.32

The Forme.

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* 1.33

The Ayre. Giral.

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* 1.34

Cambden.

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* 1.35

The ancient Inhabitants.

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* 1.36

Henry the first planted Ne∣therlanders in this Shire.

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* 1.37

W. Malm. lib. 5.

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* 1.38

The Commo∣dities.

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* 1.39

Pembroke the chiefe Town.

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* 1.40

S. Davids.

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* 1.41

Edmund Earle of Richmond.

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* 1.42
Castles.
- 1. Kilgarren.
- 2. Newport.
- 3. Marberbury.
- 4. Walwin cast.
- 5. Roch cast.
- 6. The Block-house.
- 7. Haverford.
- 8. Benton.
- 9. Carew cast.
- 10. Red castle.
- 11. Narbarth.
- 12. Pickton.
- 13. Rise cast.
- 14. Castle Bigh.
- 15. Castle Male.
- 16. Hayes.
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* 1.43

The name of this Shire.

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* 1.44

The Forme.

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* 1.45

The Aire.

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* 1.46

The ancient Inhabitants of this Shire.

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* 1.47

Tacitus in vita Agricol••.

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* 1.48

Cambden.

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* 1.49

The commo∣dities.

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* 1.50

The chiefe Town.

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* 1.51

Me••lin a phan∣tasti••all Wi∣zard.

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* 1.52

Carreg-Castle.

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* 1.53

The Rivers and Market-Towns.

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* 1.54

How this Shire took his name.

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* 1.55

The Forme of it and measure.

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* 1.56

The Aire.

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* 1.57

Tave the chief River.

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* 1.58

Caerdif the chiefe Towne of all South-Wales.

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* 1.59

Beauclark.

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* 1.60

Curthose.

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* 1.61

The graduati∣on of Ca••dif

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* 1.62

Landaffe.

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* 1.63

Giraldus.

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* 1.64

Things of strange note.

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* 1.65

Clemens Alex. Stromat. ••••. 7.

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* 1.66

A strange Well.

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* 1.67

••olybius.

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* 1.68

Minyd-Ma••••••••.

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* 1.69

The number of Castles in this Shire.

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* 1.70

Religious Houses.

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* 1.71

The division of this Shire.

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* 1.72

The name of Monmouth-shire.

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* 1.73

The borders of Monmouth-shire.

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* 1.74

The Forme.

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* 1.75

The Ayre.

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* 1.76

The Soyle.

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* 1.77

The ancient Inhabitants.

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* 1.78

In the life of Tathie.

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* 1.79

In Itinerar. Cambr.

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* 1.80

Giral.

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* 1.81

Monmouth Towre.

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* 1.82

King Henry the fifth borne in Monmouth.

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* 1.83

Religious houses suppres∣sed.

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* 1.84

Castles.

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* 1.85

Market-towns.

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* 1.86

The Shires division.

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* 1.87

Girald. Cambr.

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* 1.88

The bounds of Breknock-shire.

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* 1.89

The length and breadth.

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* 1.90

Girald. in lib. ••iuer. Camb.

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* 1.91

The nature of the Soile.

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* 1.92

The ancient Inhabitants.

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* 1.93

Tacitus in vita Agricola.

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* 1.94

Arthurs Chaire.

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* 1.95

Llynsauathans Meere.

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* 1.96

Girald. Cambr.

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* 1.97

The Market Townes.

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* 1.98

Breknock.

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* 1.99

The divisions.

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* 1.100

The bounds of Radnor-shire.

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* 1.101

The forme.

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* 1.102

The Circuit.

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* 1.103

The Ayre.

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* 1.104

The Soyle.

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* 1.105

The ancient people. Tacitus in vita Agri∣cola.

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* 1.106

Polychron.

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* 1.107

Anno 1282.

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* 1.108

Radnor.

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* 1.109

In the Book of Notices.

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* 1.110

Cambden.

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* 1.111

Prestayn.

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* 1.112

Knighton.

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* 1.113

In his Polycraton Iohn Salub••••y.

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* 1.114

Raihader Gowy.

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* 1.115

The ancient name.

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* 1.116

Limi••••.

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* 1.117

The Forme.

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* 1.118

Dimensitie.

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* 1.119

Aire.

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* 1.120

Soyle.

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* 1.121

The Beaver in former time found here.

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* 1.122

The Salmon.

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* 1.123

The Salmons Leape.

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* 1.124

The commo∣dities of this Shire.

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* 1.125

The ancient people.

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* 1.126

Iuli. Frontinus.

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* 1.127

King Rufus.

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* 1.128

King Henry the first.

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* 1.129

Cardigan the chiefe Towne.

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* 1.130

The wals of it.

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* 1.131

The Castle.

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* 1.132

The gradua∣tion.

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* 1.133

Market Townes.

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* 1.134

Religious houses.

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* 1.135

Hoveden.

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* 1.136

Llan-Deui-breui.

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* 1.137

The Pelagian heresie refu∣ted.

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* 1.138

The Shires division.

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* 1.139

The bounds of Mountgo∣mery-shire

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* 1.140

The forme.

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* 1.141

Severne.

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* 1.142

The Inhabi∣tants.

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* 1.143

Market-Townes.

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* 1.144

The Earle.

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* 1.145

The Shires division.

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* 1.146

The borders of Merioneth Sbire.

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* 1.147

The forme.

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* 1.148

Giraldus.

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* 1.149

Wil. Mal.

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* 1.150

The Inhabi∣tants.

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* 1.151

Anno D 1282.

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* 1.152

The Townes.

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* 1.153

Pimble-meare.

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* 1.154

Dee.

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* 1.155

Harloch.

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* 1.156

The limits.

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* 1.157

The forme and Dimensitude.

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* 1.158

The Ayre.

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* 1.159

The harvest-mans Alma∣nack.

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* 1.160

The Soyle.

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* 1.161

Good hus∣bandry.

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* 1.162

The ancient Inhabitants.

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* 1.163

King Edward the first.

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* 1.164

The Commo∣dities.

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* 1.165

Moillenlly hill.

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* 1.166

King Arthurs round Table.

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* 1.167

Denbigh the chiefe Towne.

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* 1.168

The fairest of all North-Wales.

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* 1.169

An Earth∣quake.

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* 1.170

The Magistra∣cie of Denbigh.

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* 1.171

Graduation of it.

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* 1.172

This Shire and others not di∣vided in the Map.

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* 1.173

The Shire, division.

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* 1.174

Market-towns.

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* 1.175

Castles.

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* 1.176

Parishes.

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* 1.177

The limits of it.

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* 1.178

The circumfe∣rence.

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* 1.179

The Ayre.

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* 1.180

The climate.

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* 1.181

Soyle.

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* 1.182

Dee River.

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* 1.183

Commodities.

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* 1.184

Inhabitants.

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* 1.185

Castles.

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* 1.186

Fl••nt ••astle the chiefest.

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* 1.187

Henry 2.

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* 1.188

Edward 1.

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* 1.189

Richard 2.

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* 1.190

Hawarden Castle.

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* 1.191

Coles-hill.

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* 1.192

Fons Sacer.

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* 1.193

A Spring ari∣sing miracu∣lously.

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* 1.194

A Chappell built over it.

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* 1.195

The strange o∣pinion held of this Spring.

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* 1.196

Kilken.

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* 1.197

Banchor.

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* 1.198

Bedaes report of Banchor Monastery.

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* 1.199

Port Hogham, and Port Cleis.

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* 1.200

Varis Vale.

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* 1.201

Llan-Elwy, or Asaph.

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* 1.202

Kentigern, Bi∣shop of Glasco.

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* 1.203

His Monastery.

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* 1.204

The Gover∣nour of it.

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* 1.205

Basingwarke.

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* 1.206

Offae•• Ditch.

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* 1.207

The Shires division.

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* 1.208

The divers names of this Shire. The Welsh turn M into V or F. So Caer-merd∣hin, Caer-Fryd∣hin, Luid Breu. of Brit.

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* 1.209

The measure.

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* 1.210

The Ayre.

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* 1.211

The Soyle.

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* 1.212

Very unpasse∣able.

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* 1.213

British Alpes.

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* 1.214

Snowdon Hills.

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* 1.215

The People.

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* 1.216

Pearles.

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* 1.217

Places of note.

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* 1.218

Seioni.

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* 1.219

Ninnius.

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* 1.220

Mat. Westminst.

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* 1.221

Caernarvon.

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* 1.222

Caernarvon in danger of the Sea.

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* 1.223

The Govern∣ment of it.

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* 1.224

King Edward the second borne at Caer∣narvon.

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* 1.225

Ban••hor.

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* 1.226

Owen Glendo∣werdwy.

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* 1.227

Conwey River.

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* 1.228

Caer-hean.

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* 1.229

Aber-Conwey.

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* 1.230

Florilegus.

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* 1.231

The Fish Tor∣coch.

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* 1.232

Market-towns

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* 1.233

The first name.

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* 1.234

The forme.

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* 1.235

Length.

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* 1.236

Bredth,

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* 1.237

Aire.

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* 1.238

Commodities.

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* 1.239

A Welsh Pro∣verbe.

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* 1.240

Grindstones.

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* 1.241

Alome.

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* 1.242

Inhabitants.

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* 1.243

Roman Gover∣nour.

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* 1.244

Jnvaded by the Irish.

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* 1.245

Edward the first.

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* 1.246

Beau-mariso chiefe town.

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* 1.247

The Govern∣ment of Beau-marish.

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* 1.248

Antique Reli∣gious houses.

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* 1.249

Many English Nobilitie there buried.

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* 1.250

The partition of this Shire.

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About this Item

Pages

description Page 99

THE GENERALL DESCRIPTION, AND SEVERALL DIVISIONS OF THE PRINCIPALITIE OF WALES.

description Page [unnumbered]

description Page 100

description Page 101

PEMBROKE-SHIRE. CHAPTER III.

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description Page 102

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Pembroke-Shire.

description Page 103

CAERMARDEN-SHIRE. CHAPTER IIII.

description Page [unnumbered]

description Page 104

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Caermarden-shire.

description Page 105

description Page [unnumbered]

description Page 116

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Glamorgan-shire.

description Page 107

MONMOVTH-SHIRE. CHAPTER VI.

description Page [unnumbered]

description Page 108

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Monmouth-Shire.

description Page 109

BREKNOCK-SHIRE. CHAPTER VII.

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description Page 110

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Breknock-shire.

description Page 111

RADNOR-SHIRE CHAPTER. VIII.

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description Page 112

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Radnor-shire.

description Page 113

CARDIGANS-SHIRE. CHAPTER. IX.

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description Page 114

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Cardigan-shire.

description Page 115

MOUNTGOMERY-SHIRE. CHAPTER. X.

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description Page 116

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all The Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Mountgomery Shire.

description Page 117

MERIONETH-SHIRE. CHAPTER. XI.

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description Page 118

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Merioneth-Shire.

description Page 119

description Page [unnumbered]

description Page 120

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Denbigh-Shire.

description Page 121

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description Page 122

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Flint-shire.

description Page 123

CAERNARVON-SHIRE. CHAPTER XIIII.

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description Page 124

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers and memorable places mentioned in Caernarvon-Shire.

description Page 125

ANGLESEY. CHAPTER XV.

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description Page 126

¶ An Alphabeticall Table of all the Tovvnes, Rivers, and memorable places mentioned in Anglesey.

Notes

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