Medicina practica, or, Practical physick shewing the method of curing the most usual diseases happening to humane bodies ... : to which is added, the philosophick works of Hermes Trismegistus, Kalid Persicus, Geber Arabs, Artesius Longævus, Nicholas Flammel, Roger Bachon and George Ripley : all translated out of the best Latin editions into English ... : together with a singular comment upon the first book of Hermes, the most ancient of philosophers : the whole compleated in three books / by William Salmon ...

SALMON'S Practical Physick. The First BOOK. (Book 1)

CHAP. I. Of ACHES of all sorts.

I. For an Ach, proceedings of Cold in any part of the Body.

TAke Oyl Olives, Venice Turpen∣tine, ana two Ounces; Oyl of Amber four Ounces, Vola∣tile Salt of Amber six Drachms; melt, and mix them together for a Balsam, and anoint the place well there with, Morning and Evening; for eight or ten days, more or less, as occa∣sion requires. Salmon.

II. For an Ach in the Joints.

Take Palm Oyl, Turpen∣tine ana one Ounce; Oyl of Wormwood, three Oun∣ces, Volatile Salt Armonicak two Ounces, melt, mix, and make a Balsam; It is excel∣lent, being anointed with all. Salmon.

III. For Aches in the lower parts of the Body.

Take Palm Oyl, Turpen∣tine,

Oyl of Amber, and An∣niseeds, of each one Ounce, mix, melt, and make a Balsam. Salmon.

IV. For an Ach in the Bones.

Take Palm Oyl, Turpen∣tine, ana two Ounces; Oyl of Amber and Juniper Ber∣ries, of each two Ounces and two Drachms: Cam∣phier two Ounces; melt, mix, and make a Balsam. Salmon.

V. An approved Searcloth for all Aches.

Take Burgundy Pitch, one pound; Oyl Olive, six Ounces; Wax, four Ounces; white Frankincense, two Ounces, powdered; melt them in a Pipken, stirring all well together, and Boil to a Consistency; then pour out all into a Bason, or Pan of Water; then anoint your Hands with Butter, and make the Plaster, into Rolls.

VI. An Excellent Ointment for the same.

Take the Gall of an Ox, White-wine Vinegar, Palm Oyl, Aqua Vitae, of each a like quantity; boyl them gently on a Fire, keeping it scum'd, till it grow clammy, and with this bathe well the part, by rubbing it in, be∣fore a Fire, with a warm Hand Morning and Evening, still laying a Linnen Cloth upon it.

VII. For Ach in the Bones, and the Gout.

Take of the best Aqua Vitae, and Oyl of Amber, of each a like quantity, mix them well together; and a∣noint the part well with a warm Hand before the Fire, and bind on it a Linnen Cloth, Morning and Eve∣ning.

VIII. For the Joynt Ach, and the Gout, most Excellent.

Take the Juice of Sage, Aqua Vitae, the Oyl of Bays, Vinegar, Mustard, and of an Oxes Gall, of each a like quantity, put them all together in a large Ox Blad∣der; Tye it fast, and chafe it up and down with your Hand, during one hour and half, then keep it for your Use, and anoint the griev'd

part Morning and Evening.

IX. A Process against all Aches in the Back, Hips, Sides, Knees, or any part of the Body.

Take first Pil. Mirabile one Scruple, to Purge now and then, and take them in Syrup of Roses; after Purg∣ing, procure Sweat thus.

Take Guaiacum, one Ounce and a half, the Root of Enulacampane, one Ounce; boyl them in a Pot∣tle of small Ale, till half be consumed, then drink thereof a quart in a Hot∣house, and Sweat often; Then in the House, bathe all the Body with this O∣leaginous Balsame.

Take Oyl of Amber, Oyl of Turpentine, of Foxes, of Excester, and of Chamo∣mil, of each a like quantity, and mix it well with some Brandy.

And if the Pains and Aches, fall out to be most painful in the Night (as ma∣ny times they do.)

Then at Night let him take this Potion, Syrup of Poppy, three Drachms; Syrup of Betony, one drachm and a half; Waters of Bug∣loss and Sage, of each an Ounce, mix them well to∣gether.

X. This Cured a Man per∣fectly, when he was Lame over all his Body.

Take the Gall of an Hei∣fer, for a Man; and the Gall of a Steer, for a Woman; Brandy, of each a like quan∣tity; then bath it well upon the Wrist, a little before the Fit cometh, and let it lie till the Fit be gone.

XI. Aches from a hot Cause.

Take Spring Water, two quarts; Sal Armoniack, Ni∣tre, of each four Ounces; mix, dissolve, and keep it for Use: Bathe the part with it; then anoint with Oyl of Poppy Seed. Salmon.

XII. Another for the same.

Take Camphire, two Ounces; Spirit of Wine, a pint; mix, and dissolve, there with; bathe the parts Afflicted. Salmon.

XIII. Another for the same.

There is nothing better in the World, than to bathe

the place afflicted, two or three times a day; which our Guttae Vitae, mentioned in one Phalyxa, lib. 1. chap. 9. sest. 1. Salmon.

XIV. For an Ach in the Shoul∣der.

Take Bole Armoniack, Chalk, ana one Ounce; Spanish Oyl, one Ounce; Vinegar six Drachms; Camphir, half an Ounce or better; Saffron, 2 Drachms: Mix, and apply it hot with Tow twice a day. Salmon.

XV. An Ach from a Vehe∣ment hot Cause.

Take Comfry Roots fresh gathered, beat them, till they are soft, or a perfect Cataplasm; then spread up∣on Leather, and apply it: 'Tis an excellent thing. Salmon.

XVI. Another against Aches.

Take Balsam of Amber, and anoint with it twice a day. How this Balsam is made, see in our Phylaxa, lib. 2. now in the Press.

XVII. Another for the same.

Take Oyl of Earth-worms one Ounce; Oyl of Am∣ber, one Ounce; mix them. If this increases the Pain, it proceeds from an hot Cause; Anoint then with this Re∣ceipt, Unguentum Populneum, two Ounces; Oyl of Poppies, six Ounces; in which dissolve Camphire two Ounces; mix them for an Ointment. Salmon.

XVIII. For an Ach by a Fall.

There is nothing better then that you anoint the place hurt with Balsam de Chili twice a day, rubbing it well in, and keeping warm, for that helps to disipate the Congregation of Humours. Salmon.

XIX. For an Old Ach.

I have scarcely found any thing more effectual, than, first, well to anoint, for three or four daies, with Balsam de Chili; and then afterwards to apply Balsamum Amicum plaister-wise, for a month together. See them in my Phylaxa. Salmon.

XX. Anothor for this purpose.

Make a Plaister of Taca∣mahaca, and apply it. Sal∣mon.

XXI. Aches from vehement hot Causes.

Take Oyle of the Yelks of Eggs one Ounce, dissolve in it Camphire two Ounces; and mix all with Oyl of Earth Worms one Ounce, and anoint with it. Salmon.

XXII. To heal and strengthen weak Limbs of Children, and those which cannot stand nor go. Most wonderful and excellent to cure the Rickets.

Take juices of Sage, sweet Marjoram, Rosemary, Time, Chamomil, Hysop, Fever∣few, Lavender, Balm, Mint, Wormwood, Rue, Winter-Savory, and Bays, of each Three Ounces; put it in a double Glass, the which stop well, and paste it all over with Dough, and set it in an Oven with Houshold-Bread; and when it is drawn, break off all the Paste, and if the juice be thick, break the Glass, and put it into a Gally-Pot; and when you use it, take the quantity of Two Spoon∣fulls of it, and put to it as much of the Marrow of an Ox Leg, melt them together, stir them well, and add to it a little Brandy; and Morn∣ing and Evening anoint well before a Fire the Child's Arms, Sides, Thighs, Leggs, Knees, Feet and Joynts, ba∣thing it well in, with a warm Hand. Then give it some Syrnp of Rheubarb (to open the Obstructions of the Liver) and mingle it with Two Ounces of Mint-water, mix it well, and give it the Child fasting. This will mightily strengthen the Limbs, and make the Child to stand and go. Probat.

XXIII. For all Aches or Pains in the Nervous Parts, ari∣sing from a Cold Cause, Contusions, &c.

There is nothing can take away the Preheminence from Balsam de Chili (which may always be had at the Author's House, at the Blue Balcony, by the Ditch-side, near Hol∣bourn Bridge, London;) be∣cause of its amicable and pe∣culiar Faculty in strength∣ning the Nerves, and dissol∣ving or dissipating any inhe∣rent Matter. I could give you (I believe) an Hundred Histories, of Cures of this kind, performed by this Me∣dicine,

I have cured with it an Ach in the Hip, or the Sciatica. Anoint with it twice a day, at least, Viz. Morning and Evening, and apply 〈◊〉〈◊〉 dipt in it, over the part in the mean season. Salmon.

CHAP. II. Of the Apoplexy.

1. TAke of the best Aqua∣vitae, well rectified from Phlegm, one Pint; Oyl of Vitriol one Spoonful, mix them, and let him drink thereof one Spoonful first in the Morning, and another last at Night.

Then let him Sweat in a Stove, twice a Week, and every time thereafter, bathe him with Balsam de Chili. This is Excellent.

II. For the Joint-ach, and Numbness after an Apo∣plexy.

Take Six Spoonfuls of Dragon-water, dissolve in it one drachm of Mithridate; drink the same draught Three Mornings together fasting, and sweat Two Hours after it. This Cures.

III. For an Apoplexy, or other like Fits.

Take a large quantity of Earth-worms, gathered in the Mornings in May (when they Generate:) put them into a Pail of Water for twen∣ty four Hours, that they may perfectly cleanse themselves: This done, take them out, and dry them carefully upon a Marble Tile, before a clear Fire: being thoroughly dryed, keep them in a dry place for use. When you have Occasion to use them, beat them into Powder, in a large Brass or Iron Mortar; and of this Powder, take a Spoonful at a time, Morn∣ing and Evening, in a Glass of Wine, four days before, and four days after, the Full, and Change of the Moon;

it will perfectly Cure. I lately cured one of an Apo∣plexy therewith; and I know several others, cured some Years since. Salmon.

IV. An Errhine against an Apoplexy, in the Fit.

I can propose no better than that of Deckers, which exceeds all others; and it is thus made. Take Turbith Mineral, one Ounce; powder of Liquorice, three ounces; Flowers of Rosemary, one ounce and a half, mix into a most sub∣tile Powder. Of this Powder you may blow up, from six to ten or twelve grains at a time, Viz. from three to five or six, up each Nostril: It brings out of the Fit; and used in the Intervals prevents it: I have proved it in two or three several Persons. Deck ers saith, multumque pituitae viscidae educit; cum successu praescribitur hic Pulvis in Apo plexia, Epilepsia Lethargo, Ca pitisquè affectibus soporosus om∣nibus, nec non quibusdam ca∣pitis affectibus recentibus, & inveteratis vertigine, gravedi∣ne, &c. Exec. med. pag. 20. Salmon.

V. Strong Purging in an Apoplexy.

Authors commend purge∣ing, but it must be with very strong Medicines; as Troches Alhandal, Scammony with Castor, or Pil. Cochie, one ounce, as Rondeletius pre∣scribes: But in my Opinion, nothing is better than my Pil. Mirabiles, taken from a scruple, to half a drachm. See it in my Philaxa Med. Lib. 2. Now in the Press. If Purgatives do nothing, the Patient commonly dies. Salmon.

VI. Strong Emeticks to be given.

Celsus saith, Many things ought, or may well be done in a dangerous Case, which other∣wise should be omitted. There∣fore, it is Lawful to give An∣timoniates in a large dose; as Aqua Benedicta, Vinum Anti∣moniale, Infusion of Regulus, Sal Emeticum Mynsichti, and such like: which evacuate great quantities of Phlegm, and other Humours, not on∣ly from the Stomach and Bowels, but even from the Brain it self. Salmon.

VII. Alterative Remedies for the same.

Nothing is better than our Powers of Rosemary, Amber, and Spir. Antiasthmaticus, given as directed in our Phy∣laxa.

Salmon.

CHAP. III. Of AGVES.

I. A rare Secret to Cure all Agues whatsoever.

TAke Venice Turpentine half an ounce; incor∣porate it with as much Cam∣phire and Mastick beaten in∣to fine Powder, as will make it into a Plaister; then take of it, and spread it on a piece of Sheeps Leather, cut round, and lay it on the Stomach and Navel pretty warm, a day before the Fit cometh, Probat.

II. Against an Ague.

Take Posset-drink, a pint and half, put into it nine heads of Carduus, boyl it 'till half be wasted; to every quarter of a Pint, put in a quarter of a Spoonful of gross Pepper, stir it well, and take half a Pint an Hour before the Fit cometh; and be sure to Sweat him in his Bed up∣on the taking of it.

III. A Plaister against an Ague.

Take a piece of Leather pricked full of Holes, spread it over with Venice-Turpent. and on that spread all over Rue and Frankincense, bea∣ten into Powder, of each a like quantity, then bind it to the Wrist a little before the Fit cometh, and let it lie 'till the Fit be gone.

IV. Against a Tertian Ague.

Take (at the coming of the cold Fit) half a Pint of

expressed Juice of Ger∣mander; for Germander is styled by Physicians, the Scourge of a Fever.

V. Against all burning and pestilential Fevers.

Take of the Herb Fluellin cut small, and infuse it twen∣ty four Hours in White Wine, then Distil it, and drink of this Distilla ion, with three, four, five, or six Drops of Oyl of Vituol in every Draught, when Thirsty. This hath cured Old and Young that took it.

VI. An Excellent Process to Cure all Quotidian, Ter∣tiane, Pestilential and Burn∣ing Fevers and Agues.

Take Aloes three drachms, Myrrh one drachm, Saffron half a drachm, Sugar three drachms; beat them well to∣gether, then infuse them in a pint of White. Wine over Night, and give it two seve∣ral Mornings, half a pint at a time to purge with.

And for ordinary Drink, when-thirsty, use this. Take White-Wine-Vinegar, half a pint; Rose-water, Conduit or Fountain Water, ana, one Pint; seeth them together with a Pound of Sugar.

VII. Sleep to procure, in an Ague.

If he want Sleep, Take Syrup of white Poppy, one ounce; distilled Water of Lettice; Sal Prunella 15. grains: mix them, and take it at Night, for Sleep cools the Body, and prevents mo∣tion, and Motion is one of the principal Causes of heat.

VIII. An Ague, with a sore Mouth to Heal.

If the Mouth be sore, take of red Sage grosly cut, one handful: of French Bar∣ley beaten, Roach Allom, ana one ounce: Boyl all these together in a pint and a half of Spring-water, then dulei∣fie it before it be cold with Honey, and therewith wash the Mouth, and gargle the Throat.

IX. Against a new Ague.

Take one drachm of pine Tobacco in the Leaf, infuse it all Night in half a pint of White-Wine, then strain it,

and drink it, fasting two Hours after it. This will purge Phlegm and Choler throughly.

X. Against a burning Feaver.

Take Water distilled from Wall-nuts, a Week or two before Mid-Summer, and give of that Water one ounce and a half at a time, an Hour before the Fit. It Cures.

XI. An Excellent Julep in all Fevers.

Take Poppy-water, four ounces of Prune-water, Juice of Oranges, Syrup of Gil∣ly-flowers two ounces, a few drops of Spirit of Vitriol; mix them, and let the Pati∣ent drink two or three spoon∣fuls at a time often.

XII. A Specifick against all manner of Agues.

Take Quin-quina, or Je∣suits Bark, two Drachms; beat it into Powder, just a∣bout the time of using it; In∣fuse it in a good Draught of Claret, or other Generous Wine, for the space of two Hours; then give the Patient both Liquor and Powder at once, as they lye in Bed. Some advise to give it as the Fit is coming, others, as the Fit is going off; the latter way is best, if the Sick be very weak. Salmon.

XIII. Another Remedy for the same.

If you give my Catharti∣cum Argenteum to forty, fifty, sixty, or one hundred Drops, according as the Patient is in Age and strength, as I have directed in my Phylaxa Medicinae, Lib. 1. Cap. 3. and continue it for five or six times taking, it will go near to Cure any Ague whatso∣ever; more especially, if af∣ter such universal Purging, you give either my Guttae Vitae, or my Volatile Lauda∣num, in such due Dose as in my said Phylaxa is prescribed, about three Hours before the coming of the Fit, so as the Sick may be in a good Sweat, about the coming of the cold Fit; by this means used five or six times the A∣gue goes off, and comes no more. I scarce ever fail of Curing an Ague by this me∣thod. Salmon.

XIV. Agues Cured by another Medicine.

I have Cured hundreds of Agues exactly by the former method, except only that instead of the Catharticum Argenteum, I have used either my Tabulae Emeticae, or Vo∣miting Lozenges; Or my Vinum Emeticum; and some∣times some other proper E∣meticks and Catharticks al∣ternately: But before either Quin-quina, or Opiates be given, if you would do like an Artist, you ought to pre∣mise Universal Cleansers. Salmon.

XV. A violent burning Fea∣ver, with Vomiting and Bloody Flux.

Where the Disease has been long, the Patient wasted, and brought as it were to Death's door, there is nothing in the World bet∣ter than our Pulvis Antifebri∣ticus, mentioned in Phylaxa Medic. Lib. 1. Cap. 45. You may give it to half a drachm or a drachm, in any conve∣nient Vehicle, an Hour and half before the coming of the Fit. Salmon.

XVI. Agues (chiefly Quartans) Cured by the following Ar∣canum. Rolfinc. Lib. 5. Sect. 6. Cap. 12.

Take Leaf-gold a drachm, dissolve it in Aqua Regis; Glass of Antimony a drachm, dissolve it in Aqua Fortis, Quick-silver six Drachms, dissolve it in Aqua Fortis: mix these Solutions together, and Distil them by an A∣lembick, cohobating twelve times; at last to the Powder left in the bottom put Spirit of Wine, which abstract from it six times; then Cal∣cine it upon a Tile, or in a Hascican Crucible, in a Cir∣culary Fire; so have you one of the best Remedies for an Ague, chiefly a Quar∣tane, yet commonly known. Take of this Powder six Grains, Scammony twelve Grains, mix for a Dose, give it in the Morning the day before the Fit, or in the Morning the same day, if the Fit falls towards Night. Salmon.

XVII. Riverius his Ague Frighter.

Take Flowers of Antimo∣ny,

thrice sublimed with Sal Armoniack, and Dulci∣fied; Perlucid Hyacinth, Glass of Antimony, ana half an Ounce: Aqua Fortis, (made of Nitre and Alum) 4 Ounces; Praecipitate the said Antimony in the said Water: Again, Take Quick∣silver, revived from Cinabar six Ounces; Aqua Fortis, (made of Nitre, Alum, and Vitriol) q. s. in which dis∣solve and praecipitate the Mercury: Take also fine Leaf-Gold one Ounce, dis∣solve it in Aqua Regia. All these three Menstruums, with their Praecipitates, put into a well Luted Retort, and with a gradual Fire di∣stil to dryness, which re∣peat by Cohobation twelve times; then wash the Pow∣der five times with some Cordial Water, and dry it; put to it of the best Spirit of Wine a Quart, and distil it from it, in a well Luted Glass Retort, Cohobating six times; and the remaining Powder put into a strong Crucible, well Luted, which place in a Circulary Fire for three Hours; remove it from the Fire, and being cold, burn off the best Spirit of Wine from it. Dose à Gr. six. ad twenty, with Scammony from twelve Gr. to twenty five, the day be∣fore the Fit, or the same morning, if the Fit salls to∣wards night. Salmon.

XVIII. A most excellent Medi∣cine against all sorts of burn∣ing Feavers.

There is nothing better in the World, that I know of, than my Febrifuge, menti∣oned in my Phylaxa, Lib. 2. now in the Press. You may take about twenty Grains, to thirty, or thirty five Grains, in a Glass of fair Water, sweetned with Su∣gar, or in Wine well sweet∣ned, just at the coming of the Heat, and you may give another Dose about an Hour after; and if the Heat be vehement, you may give a third Dose in like manner; 'twill take off the Feaver as it were by Inchantment: This Course being taken for two, three, or four returns of the Fit, 'twill at length certainly vanish, If the Fe∣ver be Continent, you ought to give it every Day 4 or 5

Doses a Day, as before di∣rected, 'till the Feaver is wholly taken off: 'Tis one of the best of Antifebriticks. I speak experimentally from (I veryly Believe) a Thousand Proofs; the greatest of all which, was made upon my own Person in the West-In∣dia's, when it was supposed there was scarcely an Hour betwixt me and Death. Sal∣mon.

XIX. Agues, chiefly Quartans, cured by our Aurum Vitae Cathartick, in Phylaxa, Lib. 1. Chap. 41. Sect. 1.

Tho' I did always know this Medicine to be a very good Antifebritick, yet my late Experience thereof, since the Writing of that Book, has much more confirmed me in the use of it; I have Cured many Quartans with it of long continuance, when the hopes of Cure were al∣most past, by a declivity in∣to other more dangerous Diseases. Dose is from two Grains to twelve, according to Age and Strength: Let it be given in a Bolus over Night, and a Purge the next Day; or it may be given in the Morning Fasting, in a simple Extract of Aloes. Sal∣mon.

XX. Another Remedy against all sorts of stubborn Agues.

Take of our Royal Pow∣der (in Phylaxa, Lib. 1. Cap. 44. Sect. 1.) from fifteen Grains, to thirty or thirty five, and mix it with the Pap of an Apple, or a stew'd Prune, or with a little Con∣serve of Roses, or a little Syrup; and so let the Sick take it early, the Day before the Fit, or the same Morn∣ing, if the Fit comes towards Night, Drinking warm Pos∣set Drink, or Broth, liberal∣ly after it; it is a good thing, and scarely ever fails, Sal∣mon.

XXI. A Tedious Quartan and Tertian.

I have oftentimes Cured Tedious Quartans and Ter∣tians, by giving half a Pint of the Crude Juice of Ca∣momil, an Hour before the coming of the Fit, and re∣peating the same Dose for four or five Fits. Salmon.

XXII. A good Observation.

If in any Ague whatso∣ever, when any Concoction (though not perfect) appears in the Urine, then give a Purge on the Ague Day, so as it may have done Work∣ing before the Fit comes (viz. four or five Hours be∣fore the coming of the Fit) you will find the Ague will never return any more after the Fit, but will be quite removed, as if done by In∣chantation: It has been of∣ten tryed with answerable Success. In Tertians, do it after the third or fourth Fit: In Quotidians, you may tar∣ry longer: In Quartans, scarcely before the thirtieth Day. And in this case we may fly to Antimonial and Mercurial Medicines, espe∣cially if of long continuance. For as the Matter lies in se∣veral places, so chiefly in the Mesentery, whence, un∣less it be fetcht, the Cure seldom succeeds as it ought to do. If the Disease va∣nish not upon Purging, I always give my Volatile Laudanum before the Fit. Salmon.

XXIII. Another method in Quartans and long continu∣ed Agues.

Take Water half a Pint, Salt of Tartar 2 Drachms, Oyl of Sulphur half a Drach. Sena three Drachms, Jalop in Powder one Drachm. Make an Infusion for two Doses; the next Day Purge also with this. Take Ca∣lomelanos, Scamony in pow∣der, of each alike, mix them. Dose from half a Drachm to one Drachm. Salmon.

CHAP. IV. Of BLEEDING.

I. To stop the Bleeding at the Nose.

TAke Bole Armoniack, stamp it finely to pow∣der; Ashes of an Old Hat, of each alike; mix them,

then blow up some of it with a Quill, into the bleed∣ing Nostril of the Patient, and it stops presently. Sal∣mon.

II. Against Pissing of Blood.

Take Sheeps Milk (high∣ly praised herein above all) Fasting four Ounces, mix with it a Drachm of fine Bole Armoniack in Powder, and one or two Grains of my Volatile Laudanum, dis∣solved, and so give it. Sal∣mon.

III. Against the Bloody-Flux, and Pissing of Blood.

Take Conserve of Roses one Ounce, Crocus Martis one Scruple, Volatile Lau∣danum two Grains, mix them well, then take it on the point of a Knife, in a Morning Fasting, and do so three several Mornings to∣gether. Salmon.

IV. Against spitting of Blood.

Take Mastick and Oli∣banum, in Powder, two Scruples of each, Conserve of red Roses 2 Ounces, Dia∣scordium half an Ounce, Guttae Vitae three Drachms; mix them together, and make an Electuary, then take thereof Morning and Eve∣ning on the point of a Knife, as much as a Nutmeg at a time. Salmon.

V. A good Remedy against Bleeding at Nose.

I commend this Powder of Heurnius. Take Seeds of white Henbane, white Pop∣py, ana one Ounce; Blood∣stone, red Corral, ana two Ounces, Camphire two Scru∣ples, Terra Lemnia two Scruples; mix them. Dose, half a Drachm, or two Scru∣ples Morning and Evening, with Conserve of red Roses. If Opium in fine Powder, (eight Grains) were added, 'twould be so much the bet∣ter. Salmon.

VI. Another against Bleeding of a Wound.

If a Fuss-Ball, tough and soft, be cut into slices, and squeezed hard in a Press, those pieces applyed are suf∣ficently able to stop any Bleeding, especially if any Stegnotick Powder be strew∣ed on. So also the Fungus growing on a Birch Tree,

the Powder of Agarick be∣ing first strewed on the place. Salmon.

VII. Another for the same.

The Powder of Man's Blood is almost an Infallible Remedy, strewed upon the place; or if it be in the Nostrils, blow it up with a Quill, or put up in a Nasale, the Mouth being held full of cold Water. Salmon.

VIII. A most effectual Remedy.

O I commend as one of the greatest Secrets our Aqua Regulata; (see it Phylaxa Med. Lib. 1. Cap. 1. Sect. 1.) being applyed by washing the Part, and then laying Linnen Cloths often doubled over the place; it closes up the extremities of the Ves∣sels, and powerfully stops the Bleeding. Salmon.

IX. Where the Bleeding is ex∣tream and dangerous.

Dissolve Salt of Vitriol in fair Water, and wash the place with it, then apply Cloths doubled wet in the Solution; or this Powder. Take fine Bole, Sanguis Dra∣conis, Powder of Galls, Salt of Vitriol, ana, make each into a Powder, and mix them. Sal∣mon.

X. Another thing for the same purpose.

I have often stopt Bleed∣ing in most parts of the Bo∣dy, by the use and applica∣tion of Aqua Styptica, espe∣cially in Wounds made by a Cut; 'tis not so useful in a Hemorrhage at the Nose, but 'twill do the Feat, if not Impetuous. Salmon.

XI. Another for the same.

A Tent made of the prest Fungus (at Sect. 6. aforego∣ing) and put up the Nostrils to the place that Bleeds, will so admirably stop the Bleed∣ing, that it will seem as if it was done by Witch-craft, or Inchantment. Salmon.

XII. A Remedy from Colcothar.

The Illustrious Prince of Orange was re-called from a Fatal Bleeding only by the use of Colcothar, or burnt Vitriol. He every Day bled a vast quantity of Blood at a Wound which he had re∣ceived in his Jugular Veins, and it could be stopt by no

other Remedy but by a Tent wrapt up in a Di∣gestive, and good store of the Powder of Colcothar, which was thrust into the Wound. By this very means I cured a Youth that had a great Wound and Bleeding in the Calf of his Leg: and I stopt the Bleeding in ano∣ther, which had a Bleeding in his Arm. Salmon.

XIII. A Remedy made of Alum.

After cutting off of Limbs Borellus made little Tents of Alum, and thrust them as far as he could up into the Orifice of the Vessels, espe∣cially the greater; and so finished the Business with the application of many Splenia and Astringent Pow∣ders. And the Bleeding of a Vein in the Arm, which could by no means be stopt, he did it only by applying Alum.

XIV. Galen's Topick against Bleeding.

Take Aloes, Frankincense, Hares Wooll, ana, all very finely powdred, which mix with the white of an Egg, with which fill the Wound, and then bind it up. Salmon.

XV. Bleeding stopt by Spirit of Vitriol.

In Scorbutick Bleeding, Spirit of Vitriol mixt with any convenient aqueous Vebi∣cle, is of admirable use. It has also been found excel∣lent to stop a Hemorrhage in Hysterick Persons, and such as have been troubled with Quartans and Dropsies; and this it does by coagula∣ting a Blood too Fluid, and attenuating it when too thick. Salmon.

XVI. Bleeding at Nose stopt by touching.

I have oftentimes stopt a Bleeding at the Nose by pressing outwardly upon the Jugular Carotide Artery; and this has done when ma∣ny other Remedies have failed. Salmon.

XVII. A Medicine made of Sheeps Blood.

Take Sheeps Blood (Ox Blood is as good, but Man's Blood much better) dryed and powdred an Ounce; Crocus Martis, red Colco∣thar,

of each half a Drachm; mix them. It is a Medicine that exceeds all Credit; ap∣ply it, or strew it upon Wounds. If Powder of a dryed Toad, 2 Drachms, be added, 'tis much better. Sal∣mon.

XVIII. To stop Bleeding caused by Leeches.

Take a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 slit it in two, take away the Skin, and lay it on a place where a Leech hath drawn, that Bleedeth too much, or can∣not be easily stopt, and it will stop the Bleeding.

CHAP. V. Fluxes, Gripings, Wind.

I. Against Wind and Gripings in the Belly.

TAke of the Roots of Kneeholm, Elecam∣pane, Anniseeds and Fennel∣seeds, half an Ounce of each; make them all into Powder, and mix them well together, with half an Ounce of Sugar, and take every Morning of it as much as will lye on a Shilling, in Wine or Posset-Drink.

II. Against the Griping in the Guts.

Take Salt of Worm wood half a Drachm, Androma∣chus Treacle 2 Drachms, Volatile Laudanum 2 Grains; make it into a Bolus, to be taken first in the Morn∣ing, or rather last at Night. Salmon.

III. A vehement Diarrhaea, or Flux stopt.

Riverius saith, A Robust and Cholerick Man was taken in the midst of Summer with a Cholerick Diarrhaea, very violent, with extream Thirst: I (saith he) prescribed him Sal Prunellae in his ordinary drink, as also in Juleps of Lettice and Purslane Water, to be taken

thrice a day; and he recovered in 24 Hours. Almost in Imitation of this, I prescri∣bed, Sal Prunellae half a Drachm at a time, four times a day in Spring-water, well sweetned with double refined Sugar, to one that had a Vomiting, and vehe∣ment Flux; and although the Flux had continued 14 Days, and the Patient had sometimes twenty or thirty Stools a day, yet in the first day (24 Hours) the Flux was stopt, and after the se∣cond Dose the Vomiting; and in about four Days time the Patient was well, his Weakness only excepted. Salmon.

IV. Another Remedy for a Flux.

Take Madera, or Sherry∣wine, half a Pint, Sal Pru∣nellae half a Drachm; mix, dissolve, and give it three or four times a Day. This will do, though in a vehe∣ment burning Feaver. Sal∣mon.

V. A Flux with sharp matter.

Take forty or fifty Drops of our Spiritus Anodynus, two or three times a day in a Glass of Wine, or Burnt Brandy; and it will do the Cure in four or five Days. See how it is made in my Phylaxa Medicinae. Lib. 1. Cap. 13. Sect. 1. Salmon.

VI. A vehement Flux, with Vomiting.

If the Stomach be so weak, that things cannot be easily administred by the Mouth, then you must use Clysters. Take Posset-drink, or Mut∣ton Broth, or Decoction of Sage a Pint, Spirit of Wine four Ounces, Spiritus Ano∣dynus two or three Drachms, or half an Ounce; mix, and let it be exhibited once, twice, or thrice a day, as need requires. Salmon.

VII. Another for the same.

Take Canary four Oun∣ces; of our Gutte Vitae, four ty, fifty, or sixty Drops, as the Sick is in Age and Strength; mix, and give it every Night going to Bed. And if the Flux be vehe∣ment, give also this Clyster. Take Decoction of Rose∣mary or Sage, a Pint, com∣mon Spirit of Wine, four five, or six Ounces: mix

them, and exhibit it warm. Salmon.

VIII. Fluxes Cured with our Volatile Laudanum, in our Phylaxa Medicinae, Lib. I. Cap. 50. Sect. I.

Take our Volatile Lauda∣num every Night going to Bed, beginning first with a Grain or two, and so in∣creasing the Dose gradually to five, six, seven or eight Grains, and in a few Days it will do the Cure: After three or four times taking of this Medicine, 'twill be good to Purge with our Family Pills (such as you have from me, not those of Holliers making, for they are not made as I make them, nor does he know how to pre∣pare the Aloes, and some other particulars of them, as they ought to be prepared.) I advise to Purge, not first (because of weakness) but after four or five Doses of the Laudanum, because by that means the Sick will ga∣ther some Strength to en∣dure the Purging withal; and this Purging is necessary to carry off the offending Matter: And then you are to proceed in the use of the Laudanum to a Cure, which will succeed to your good liking. Salmon.

IX. Fluxes Cured with Vola∣tile Laudanum.

Take Decoction of Rue, Rosemary, or Sage, ten Ounces; common Spirit of Wine four or five Ounces; our Volatile Laudanum ten or twelve Grains: Dis∣solve the Laudanum in the Spirit, and mix it with the Decoction, and exhibit it warm once a day Clyster∣wise; it will cure in about three or four days. Salmon.

X. Griping of the Guts, and vebement Flux.

Take Rhubarb, thin sliced two Ounces, Anniseeds bruised one Ounce and half, Gentian, Cinnamon, ana half an Ounce, common Spirit of Wine a Quart: mix and make a Tincture. Dose from five Spoonfuls to eight, twice or thrice a Day: 'Tis a Medicine without an e∣qual, and the best thing in the World for Gripings in Nureses, Infants and little Children, to whom you

must proportion the Dose. Salmon.

XI. A pleasant Remedy against Fluxes.

Take Catechu, which is choice in fine Powder, three or four Ounces, common Spirit of Wine a Quart; white Sugar Candy in fine Powder three Ounces; mix them; put not in the Sugar-Candy, 'till the Catechu and Spirit has been ten Days in Digestion; then mix and dissolve. Dose from half a Spoon full to two or three, Morning and Night. Sal∣mon.

XII. Fluxes not to be stopt rashly.

Celsus saith, To be Loose for a Day is good for Ones Health, or for more, so there be no Fea∣ver, and it stop within seven Days, for the Body is Purged, and what would have done hurt is beneficially Discharged but continuance is dangerous, for sometimes it causes a Gri∣ping and Feaver, and consumes the Strength. If therefore the Strength be not too much weakned, in order to stop∣ping of a Flux, you ought first to Purge with our Fa∣mily Pills (such as come from my own Hand, not those which Hollier sells) and then to take my Guttoe Vitoe, Spiritus Anodynus, or Volatile Laudanum, (such as come from my Hand) and after eight or ten Doses, to Purge again with the Family Pills: But if the Strength of the Sick be too much weakned, you must not Purge first, but as we directed at Sect. 8. a∣foregoing. Salmon.

XIII. Stubborn Fluxes.

Take Angelus Mineralis, Grains ten or twelve, Pulp of an Apple rosted, as much as a Nutmeg; mix and give it at Night going to Bed, for eight or ten Nights; af∣ter Purge with an Infusion of Rheubarb. See the An∣gelus in my Phylaxa, Lib. I. Cap. 42. Sect. I. It takes a∣way all those Impurities (or Precipitates them) which often Creates stubborn Flux∣es. Salmon.

XIV. An Inveterate Flux, in a Scorbutick Habit.

An Inveterate Diarrhoea, or Flux, in a Scorbutick

Habit, ought not to be stopt with Astringents, nor is it easily Cured with Antiscor∣buticks. Salt of Vitriol is a good thing, for it makes re∣vulsion, and evacuates up∣wards. You may give it from one Drachm, to half an Ounce, in Posset-Drink, in the Morning Fasting. Tincture of Antimony given to sixty, eighty, or one hun∣dred Drops, in Claret-wine is good. So also our Tinctura Martis well prepared, which is preferred before all others. Salmon.

XV. Several other approved Remedies against Fluxes.

Powder of unripe Mul∣berries is an approved thing, and gratifies the Stomach. Powder of Mastick taken in Conserve of Roses, or juice of Quinces, is an excellent thing. Water thickned with Powder of Acorns, by Boyl∣ing, has Cured an Invete∣rate Flux, universalls pre∣mised. Quiddony of Sloes, ripe or un-ripe, is an ap∣proved Remedy. Riverius commends Juices of spotted Arsmart and Housleek, ana, mixt and boyled away to a third part, as a thing that never fails, though the Flux be never so Inveterate. Bees∣wax given in substance is good, but its Oyl, in a pro∣per Vehicle, of admirable use: Or this; Take Wax, boyl it in a Lixivium of Salt of Tartar, then take it out, melt it, and mix it with Chymical Oyl of Nutmegs. Dose twen∣ty Grains to half a Drachm, every Night. Tincture of Oak-bark is a prevalent thing; so also Tinctures of Balaustins, and Pomegranate Peels. Our Pulvis Bezoarti∣cus has cured several, who have been given over by many Physicians, which it did by absorbing the Acid and Virulent Humour. Nor is our Pulvis Antifebriticus, any mean Remedy. Salmon.

XVI. To Cure an extraordi∣nary Flux of the Blood.

Take Mastick in Powder one drachm, 2 hard Yolks of Eggs, temper them with good Rose-Vinegar: Or Juice of Quinces, and give it to the Patient to eat first in the Morning. By this Medicine alone, a Man was Cured of this Distemper,

who had daily 70. Stools a day, when all other means failed.

XVII. Against Gripings and Wind in the Guts.

Take Oyl of Aniseed, half a drachm; mix it with White Sugar, and in a Cup of Wine; drink it fasting it doth the Work.

XVIII. A Clyster against Pains, and Gripings in the Bowels; Dysenteria.

Take Cows Milk, one Pint; common Spirit of Wine, four ounces; Gum-Tragacanth, one drachm; the Yolks of three Eggs; Oyl of Roses, two Ounces; make it Blood warm, to the dissolving of the Gum, and so put it up. Salmon.

CHAP. VI. Shortness of Breath.

I. Against shortness of Breath.

TAke of Saffron in Pow∣der one Scruple, of Musk in Powder one Grain, give them in Wine; after take Spiritus Antiasthmaticus in Wine.

II. For the same.

Take Juniper Berries two Ounces, boyl them well in two Quarts of Water, and drink of the Decoction first and last, and at other times. This helps all Diseases of the Chest, and will make you breath freely. Salmon.

III. Against shortness of Breath, with a Cough.

Take the Roots of Vale∣rian and boyl them with Liquorice, Raisins stoned, and Anniseeds, and drink of the Decoction often; this is singular good against the said Diseases; for it openeth the Passages, and causeth the Phlegm to be spit out easily.

IV. Shortness of Breath.

Physicians commonly say, That the strongest Purges are most proper in this Di∣sease, if the Matter be high∣ly peccant and inveterate: Paulus advises even to Purge with Coloquintida: Some de∣spise Aganick, tho' a Pleg∣magoge, because of its weakness. Elaterium is a good Purge, not only in a Dropsey, but also in an Asthma and Orthopnaea, for that they are caused by gross Matter; it may be given of it self (in a proper Vehiele) to five, or six Grains; in Composi∣tion you may give it thus. Take Scammony ten Grains, Gambogiae five Grains, Ela∣terium half a Grain; all be∣ing in fine Powder, mix them for a Dose, if the Sick be strong. Galen also ap∣proves of the most violent things. Take Mustard-seed one Ounce, common Salt half an Ounce, Elaterium fifteen Grains; grind them together, and make Troches. (Galen saith eight Troches; so that in each Troche you will have almost two Grains of Elateri∣um.) Or you may give it in Powder, with a little Ho∣ney, or the Pap of an Apple: But that the Cure may he safe, Emollients Clysters may be given afore-hand, and half a Pint of Aqua Mul∣sa after. These Purges may be given every fourth or fifth Day. Salmon.

V. Shortness of Breath cured by Vomiting.

Experience shews, That when a great quantity of impacted Matter lies in the Lappets of the Lungs, espe∣cially if there be a Sickness at Stomach also, that then I say, Vomits are of great use, and sometimes the Pa∣roxysm is taken off with this Remedy alone. Salt of Vi∣triol may be given, from half a Drachm, to a Drachm: Aqua Benedicta, from three to four Drachms, or one Ounce to an Ounce and a half, if to very strong Per∣sons: My Catharticum Ar∣genteum, given from one to two Drachms, is one of the best of Remedies. Salmon.

VI. Shortness of Breathing Cu∣red by reiterated Clysters.

Take Mutton-Broth eight

Ounces; Tincture of Colo∣cynthis half an Ounce; In∣fusion of Croous Metallo∣rum; Elixir Proprietatis, of each an Ounce; mix, and give it warm: In this case Clysters ought to be given in small quantity, lest the Guts too much distended, should press upon the Dia∣phragma, and make the Pa∣roxism more vehement and dangerous; and they ought also often to be repeated. Salmon.

VII. For a vehement shortness of Breath.

I have often given with great Success, my Syrupus Nephriticus (see it in my Phy∣laxa, Lib. I. Cap. 34. Sect. I.) for that causes the Matter contained in the Cavity of the Breast to be avoided with the Urine through the Blad∣der, the Urine for the most part being much, thick, and troubled, by which the pec∣cant Humours are carried not only from the Breast, and places of Respiration, but also from the head Veins and other parts: I have done wonders in this case by the assiduous use of Spirit of Sul∣phur per Camp. given in pectoral Drinks. Salmon.

VIII. A Pectoral Drink.

Take Raisins of the Sun stoned, Figs slit, ana, Li∣quorice bruised two Ounces, Elecampane Roots bruised, one Ounce, Spring water a Gallon; Boyl all to two Quarts, and strain it for use Dose half a Pint three or four times a Day. Salmon.

IX. Of the use of Opiates.

If Rest has been long wanting, and there be with∣al a vehement Flux of Rhoum and Cough, though the stop∣ping of the Catarrh cannot be without sensible danger, yet you must immediately give an Opiate, such as my Laudanum Volatile cum Aloe; for otherwise the Obstructi∣on will so increase with the Catarrh, that before you are aware the Breath will be stopt, which there is no great fear of by giving the Opiates; for that all Opiates stop the Flux by no other way than by thickning the Matter, whereby it cannot so easily flow to the part; the Humour then being thus

thickned through the whole Man, and not flowing to the Bronchia of the Lungs as formerly, it at length finds a vent by other ways, and that for the most part by Sweat, Urine, or Stool, ei∣ther of which ways you must endeavour to promote, ac∣cording as you see the disposi∣tion of the Body is inclina∣ble. Salmon.

X. An Inveterate Asthma.

I Cured an Inveterate Asthma, that had been of fifteen or sixteen Years standing, by giving my Pi∣luloe Mirabiles twice, and then my Family Pills, as they are now prepared by me, (not as Hollier pretends to make them) once; letting a Day or two be between each; and so reiterating this Course two or three times, as you see occasion. Salmon.

XI. Shortness of Breath in a Woman with Child.

Truly, because I saw the peril of her Life was not small, by reason of her be∣ing with Child. I could not pursue the usual methods of Cure, I took the following course. I gave her my Vola∣tile Laudanum, at Night going to Bed, and the Spiri∣tus Antiasthmaticus in all her Drink; and by this course in about a Months time she was freed perfectly from her Disease. Salmon.

CHAP. VII. Diseases of the Breast.

I. A Pultess for a Sore Breast.

Take new Milk and grate white Bread into it, then take Mallows and red Rose Leaves, I handful of each, then chop them small, and boyl them together till it be thick, then put in Ho∣ney and Turpentine, of each two ounces: white Lead six ounces; mix them, spread it on a Cloth and apply it.

II. For an Ague in the Breast.

Take good Aqua-vitae and Linseed Oyl, and warm them together on a Chafing-Dish of Coles, dip therein two Cloths made fit for the Breasts, and lay them there∣on as hot as may be suffered Morning and Evening.

III. To heal an Inflammation, or Ague, in the Breast.

Take the Whites of two Eggs, and Housleek two handfuls; let the Whites be first well beaten, then pound them with the Housleek, and three handfuls of Barley Meal, and apply it very hot.

IV. To heal Ulcers in the Breast, tho inveterate.

Take Oyl of Sulphur and touch them with it; then apply this following Oynt∣ment. Take Yelks of two or three new laid Eggs, Tur∣pentine, Butter, Honey of Roses, Barley-Flower, ana half an Ounce; Grind them all in a leaden Mortar, and dress them therewith till they be whole.

V. Against Pain and Swil∣ling of the Breasts.

If it proceeds from Gold taken, or from a Blow, Bath the Place very well Morning and Evening, with Powers of Amber, for three, or four, or five Days, and the Pain and Swelling will go away. Sal∣mon.

VI. For a Sore Breast.

If the Sore be recent, it may be Cured with our Bal∣samum Vulnerarium two Oun∣ces, Mercurius Dulcis, Levi∣gated, half an Ounce; mix them well, and apply it. Sal∣mon,

VII. For an Inveterate Ulcer in the Breast.

Take our Balsamum Ami. cum, two Ounces, Angelus Mineralis, half an Ounce; mix, and apply it, dressing the Sore Morning and Eve∣ning; It will Cure it in a Short time. Salmon.

VIII. For a Painful Swelling in the Breast.

Take our Balsam of Amber, and Anoint therewith Mor∣ning and Evening, and keep

the part warm. If it proceeds from Cold, or a Blow, it Cures. Salmon.

IX. For hard Tumors of the Brest.

Take Gum Ammoniacum, strained and made up into a Plaister, it cures them to a Miracle; much more if it be made up with Juice of Hemlock. Or you may use Emplastrum de Ammoniaco, cum Cicuta; it is a Remedy that hardly ever fails. Sal∣mon.

X. A Cancerated Breast not broken.

I Cured two Cancerated Brests with the following. Take Diapalma six Ounces, Oyl an Ounce; of our Her∣cules 3 Ounces; mix them over a gentle heat; spread it upon soft Leather or Cloth, and apply it. The Cancers (that which was oldest) was not above six Months standing. The as∣siduous use of this Medicine eased the Pain, in five or six Days time, and in the space of four Months time, or thereabouts, prefectly dis∣solved the Tumour. Salmon.

XI. Soreness of the Nipples cured.

Take Bees-wax 1 Ounce, Fresh Butter two Ounces, Venice Turpentine half an Ounce; mix, melt, and a∣noint with it; it will be so much the better, if you add to it two Drachms of Oyl of Wax. Salmon.

XII. A Tumour of the Breast broken.

Let the Patient Purge e∣very day, or every other day, with Elixir Proprietatis, according to their Strength, and outwardly, let it be drest with this. Take of our Balsamum Amicum four Ounces, Pulvis ad Ul∣cera two Ounces; mix and apply it, and let it be drest at first twice a Day, after∣wards once a day. Salmon.

XIII. For that which the Vul∣gar call an Ague in the Brest, viz. an Inflammation.

First Purge with our Fa∣mily Powder, then apply a Cataplasm of baked Turnips for twenty four Hours; af∣ter bathe it with our Powers

of Amber, and in four or five Days it will be well. Sal∣mon.

XIV. Another for an Inflam∣mation of the Breasts.

Universals being first pre∣mised, as Purging with the Family Powder, &c. Apply outwardly our Balsamum Amicum; or if you please anoint with Balsamum de Chili, Morning and Evening. Salmon.

CHAP. VIII. Of Abortion or Misearriage.

I. Abortion more dangerous then a Timely Birth.

IT is not only more dange∣rous, but more painful, by reason of the violent divul∣sion of the Immature Foetus; whence it is that many Dye, and such as escape, it is not without dangerous Sym∣ptomes, vehement Pains, Fe∣vers, &c. It is not unlike to unripe Fruit, which is diffi∣cully pulled off the Tree; whereas was it full ripe, it would drop of its own ac∣cord, whether it was ripe or no, which is the true cause of a mature or timely Birth. The danger is the more if the Foetus be in the sixth, seventh, or eighth Month, and the Woman be of a weakly Constitution; for that healthy Women never miscarry without eminent Danger.

II. Bleeding by the Womb, not always a sign of Abortion.

This is evident, for that some Women have their Terms all the time of their going with Child; and I have known some that have had them from the third Month to the last, after they had been stopt 3 Months, without danger; and there∣fore Midwifes ought to be very discreet in making Judgment: For though a Woman with Child may void much Blood by the

Womb, yet it may be no Miscarriage, but either be a natural Flux, as it is to some Women, or only fore∣shew a Danger, which ought by proper Means to be pre∣vented. Therefore Mid∣wifes ought diligently to examine the Matter exclu∣ded, whether it be Blood or Flesh, or Seed or Faetus, which by washing it in Wa∣ter will easily be discerned; and Judgment may be made accordingly, whether there be an Abortion or no.

III. A History of a Woman that Miscarried.

A Woman gon with Child fourteen Weeks Mis∣carried: First much Blood came away, then the Mem∣branes and Faetus: Two days after the Woman fell into a high Feaver; due means was used, and sufficient Cleansers; but the Placenta, or After-burthen stuck so fast, that it could by no means be removed; all the while she voided a filthy Cadave∣rous stinking Matter, and sometimes pieces of Flesh: on the tenth Day she died.

IV. A Spirit to prevent A∣bortion.

Take Spirit of Wine one Gallon Balaustians, Pome∣granates Peels, Oak-bark, of each four Ounces, Opium two Ounces; mix, dissolve the Opium, digest all toge∣ther, for six or seven days; then add to it a Gallon or five Quarts of fair Water; Distil in an Alembick, and draw off five Quarts of Li∣quor, which Dulcifie with white Sugar, and keep for use. Dose four or five Spoon∣fulls, two or three times a day. Salmon.

V. Another for the same, much stronger.

Take of the former di∣stilled Spirit a Gallon, Ca∣techu, Cortex Peruvianus, both in Powder, of each a Pound; mix, digest, shak∣ing it twice a day, for ten or twelve days, then keep it for use. Dose from one Spoonfull to two or more, Morning and Evening; it will scarely ever fail. Sal∣mon.

VI. A Powder for the same.

Take Antimony Diapho∣retick, Pearl, red Corral in fine Powder, Levigated Powder of Crabs Eyes, ana two Scruples, Balaustians in Powder, Nutmegs, ana five Grains; mix for a Dose to be given Morning and Eve∣ning. Salmon.

VII. Another Powder for the same.

Take Blood stone, Ma∣stick, Olibanum, ana fifteen Grains; make all into a fine Powder, for one Dose to be given Morning and Eve∣ning in a Glass of Tent. Sal∣mon.

VIII. An Emplaster for the same purpose.

Take Blood-stone in fine Powder half an Ounce, Ma∣stick, Frankincense, Oliba∣num, of each an Ounce, Su∣mach, Balaustians in Pow∣der, ana two Drachms, Gal∣banum two Ounces, Pine Rosin Venice Turpentine, enough to make a Cerecloth, which apply to her Belly, and continue the use of it 'till the seventh Month, or time of Birth. Let it be laid on the Belly, and on the Loyns on each side, the Back∣bone being left bare; and every ten or twelve Days it may be changed.

IX. A most excellent mixture for the same.

Take of our Guttae Vitae one Ounce, (see it in our Phylaxa, Lib. 1. Cap. 9.) and our Tinctura ad Catarrhos, four Ounces; mix them: Dose one Spoonfull every Night going to Bed, in a Glass of Ale: Tho' there be evident signs of Abortion, yet this will prevent it; I have proved it above a hun∣dred times with success. Sal∣mon.

X. A Plaster from Riverius.

If the Child be not seve∣red from the Cotyledous, ap∣ply this. Take Olibanum in Powder two Ounces, the Whites of five Eggs; stir them toge∣ther over the Fire, always keeping stirring that they may not run to a Lump; adding also a little Turpentine, that they may not stick too much. Lay it upon Tow, and ap∣ply it to the Navel as hot as

it can be endured, twice a day, Morning and Eve∣ning, for three or four days; in the mean Season also let her wear an Eagle-stone, or a Stone found in the Heart or Womb of a Hind, under her Arm-pits.

XI. A Cataplasm to comfort the Womb.

Take Crumbs of Hous∣hold Bread two Pound, Ca∣momil Flowers a handfull; Mastick, Olibanum, of each half an Ounce in Powder; Nutmegs, Cloves in Pow∣der of each an Ounce, Rose-Vinegar two Ounces, Tent or Malmsey-wine a suffici∣ent quantity: Boyl all over a gentle Fire, to the con∣sistence of a Pultice; put it into a Bag or folded Cloth, and apply it hot to the bot∣tom of the Belly.

XII. A Cataplasm to prevent Abortion.

Take of our Balsamum Amicum two Ounces, of our New London Treacle one Ounce; mix them, and with Powder of Rue make it of a consistency; apply it warm to the Belly. Salmon.

XIII. Prevention of Abortion.

A Woman who had mis∣carried four or five times, and dispaired of ever having a live Child, I Cured by the following Remedy. Take Rheubarb four Ounces, slice it thin; Anniseeds, Cara∣ways bruised, of each two Drachms; put all into a large thin Rag, with a stone in it, and so tie it up, which put in a Gallon of Ale in a Stone or Glass Bottle: after it has stood three or four days drink of it: This she drank of all the time of her going with Child, and she went her whole time out chearfully and well: I have prescribed the same to seve∣ral other Women with the same Success. Salmon.

XIV. An Observation worth noting.

Consider whether there be a real Miscarriage or no, viz. whether the Faetus be actually excluded, or only fears of it; If it be actually done, you must abstain from Astringents, and things pre∣venting Abortion, and then use Forcers, Loosners, and

Forcers, lest any of the Membranes, or after-Birth, or any part of it, or other foetid and putrid Matter should be left behind, by which the Woman would certainly Perish. But if the Child be not Dead, nor ex∣pelled, but only a Danger, and the foetus retreats, then you ought to use restingents, and things above directed, that Abortion may be pre∣vented, and the Child pre∣served. Salmon.

XV. A Medicine after Miscar∣riage.

If part of the After-birth should remain, and a conti∣nual Flux of Blood for some Months should accompany it, the most Excellent Sylvius has restored the sick by three ounces of the following De∣coction, taken twice or thrice a day. Take Bistort-root, three Ounces, Marjoram, Pennyroyal, ana, a handful; Water, White-wine, of each a sufficient quantity: Strain, and Sweet∣ten with Syrup of Mugwort a Tenth part: Cinnamon-water a Twentieth part. By Virtue of this, a piece of the Af∣ter-birth, as big as ones Fist was voided, and the Flux of Blood stopped and cured.

CHAP. IX. Want of Appetite.

I. IF want of Appetite pro∣ceeds from a cold Cause, or cold Flegm affli∣cting the Ventricle or Sto∣mach, 'twill be necessary to give a proper Vomit, and then such things as may heat and corroborate it.

II. A Vomit evacuating Flegm, and cold and watery Humours. Take our Pulvis Argenteum 10. grains, mix it with the Pulp of a rosted Apple, and give it in the Morning fasting; drinking warm Broth or Posset-drink after it. The third day re∣peat the same Dose.

III. Then to warm, com∣fort, and restore the Sto∣mach,

Take our Tinctura Stomachica, from half a Spoonful to a Spoonful in a draught of Ale or Wine, Morning, Noon, and Night, a quarter of an Hour or more before eating; it does Wonders, and restores the Appetite, tho lost for many Months: I have proved it many Hundreds of times for these Twenty five or Twen∣ty six Years together. Sal∣mon.

IV. Salt Meats are also good, because they iritate and pro∣voke the languid Faculties of the Stomach; Salts also have an inciding and attenuating Virtue: and next to these such things as have a volatile heat and sharpness, as Mu∣stard seed, Onions, Garlick, Leeks, Shellots, &c.

V. When Flegm disaffects the Ventricle, that is, tough, thick, and viscous, whereby the Appetite seems to be al∣most destroyed, it will be necessary that you use Me∣dicines of another Nature, viz. such as are acid, sharp, and cutting, for that these things not only separate the offending Matter from the Tunicles of the Stomach; but also prevent Putrefaction, and the Generation of the like for the future.

VI. For this purpose Spirit of Vitriol is most commended by some, and 'tis doubtless a good Medicine, but ought to be cautiously used to dry Bodies, lest it induces a Con∣sumption.

VII. But in fuller and moi∣ster Bodies it is not only safe, but very profitable, more especially, if the Anorexia, or want of Appetite, pro∣ceeds from Choler, Yellow or Green, abounding in the Stomach.

VIII. In this case I commend my Spiritus Aperiens, and Syrupus Diasulphuriis (see them in my Phylaxa Med. Lib. I. Cap. 14. Sect. I. and Lib. 2. Cap. 36. Sect. I. given the first to 30. 40. 50. or 60. or more Drops in a Glass of Ale: the other in all the drink the Sick drinks, to a Spoonful, more or less, as they can Affect it, and to take it assidiously for ten, Fifteen, or Tweny, days to∣gether: they are Medecines that seldom fail of their effects, and are beyond my Commendation. Salmon.

IX. I always adjust the Me∣dicaments for cure accor∣ding to the Causes: where there is an exceeding Cold∣ness of the Stomach, my Tinctura Absinthij is beyond compare, so also Elixir pro∣prietatis sine Acido: To these things, add our Aqua Bezo∣artica, and Tinctura Corallorum Composita, given in Wine.

X. If the want of Appetite is restored by taking Acids, it is a Sign that the Acid Hu∣mour in the Stomach is Lan∣guid, debile and weak; but if not, or it rather is hurt by it, it is a sign that it is too Rampant and Vigorous and therefore Alcalies as Tincture of Tartar, Volatile Sal Armo∣niack, or our Spirit. Anti∣asthmaticus ought to be given, and other like Volatile Salts: Bezoar Mineral in our Syrup. Volatilis is of good use in this case. Salmon.

XI. The loss of Appetite, which arises from decay of Strength, or old Age, is seldom or never cured, unless it proceed from a Cold cause, in which case Volatile Sulphurs, and Spirituous Things are proper, but things that dry too much must be cauti∣ously given: The Stomach may be Anointed with Oyl of Mace: or you may use this: Take Balsam of Am∣ber one Ounce: common Oyl, I dram: mix them.

XII. If there be neither Sickness, nor weakness, nor old Age present, and yet the Person complains that he never comes to his Food with a Stomach, or eats with an Appetite; the only way to restore such an one, is to let him fast till he is a hungry, for long want of Victualsand emptiness insuch always breeds an Appetite.

XIII. In Women, especially such as have Gross Bodies, want of Appetite is cured (if not with Child) by pro∣per Emeticks and Cathar∣ticks. For the first of these I commend our Cartharticum Argenteum, given to a dram, in a Glass of Ale: For the lat∣ter, either our Family Pills, or our Family Powder, both of which may be taken 2, or 3, or 4 times, with due intervals. Salmon.

XIV. If it happens in a Wo∣man with Child, all or most of the Preceeding Courses must be avoided, and other

Courses taken. The juices of Oranges and Lemons with white Sugar may be daily taken for some time: so also Canary made acid with juice of Limons: and if heat also abounds; a Decoction of Tamerinds sweetned, alone, or mixt: A Syrup or Infusion of Rheubarb, is of good use.

XV. Want of Appetite in Consumptive People is of dan∣gerous Consequence: some commend as the best thing Elixir Proprietatis given in wine: it may be good for a little Season, but long it must not be taken, left it also in∣duce the Consumption. The best thing which I have found by my large experi∣ence is Our Tinctura Stoma∣chica given to a spoonsul, 2. or 3. times a day in a large draught of new Milk: And altho the ingredients thereof heat Violently, yet by reason they are of thin Substance and parts, their heat is quick∣ly discussed, and so do no harm. Salmon.

XVI. If Sickness at Stomach, and want of Appetite pro∣ceed from worms (as some∣times it does) Our Tincturo Absinthij, or Infusion of Worm-wood, in Rhenish Wine, or Canary, is good. Salmon.

XVII. Galens Antidotus The∣spesiana, for want of Appe∣tite. Take Smallage-seed, xij. drams; Myrrh, Anni∣seed, Opium, ana vj. drams; White-Pepper, V. drams; Parsly-seed, Long-pepper, Spicknard, Cassia-Lignea, ana iv. drams; Castor, Saf∣fron, Flowers of Juncus Odoratus, ana iij. drams; Ci∣namon, ij. drams; Honey 1 pound: make an Electuary; dose the quantity of a Ha∣zle-Nut, at Bed-time, in a little Drink.

CHAP. X. Loss of the Use of Limbs.

I. IN many people here in England there is a loss of the use of their Limbs, the most part caused by taking great Colds; and sometimes it is the effect of the Palsie: the like may hap∣pen in the West Indies; but though in those hot Coun∣tries it is possible to proceed from such a Cause, yet it is oftner, and more generally known to proeeed from the Belly-Ach, and that kind of Belly-Ach, which pro∣ceed from dryness and Co∣stiveness of Body.

II. If it proceeds from tak∣ing of Cold, though Sudori∣ficks are commonly used yet they ought rather to be used after a Legitimate pur∣ging and clensing the Body: let the Sick first take our-Pilùlae Mirables from a Scru∣ple to a dram. And repeat the same for 2. or three times with due Intervalls be∣tween each Purging, as of two or three days or more, as they are in Age and strength.

III. After sufficient purging and cleansing the Body, let the Patient sweat well with new London-treacle, for 3. or 4. times or oftner as you see occasion; and be very cautious that the Sick takes no Cold again: and in the time of sweating, Frictions ought to be used to the help∣less Limb, with course Cloths: that as by the Diaphoresis, the nervous juice becomes depu∣rated and clean; so also by the rubbing the natural Spirits may be called back again.

IV. After Sweating the weak Limbs are to be bathed alternatim with Pow∣ers of Amber and Powers of Juniper; and in strong ro∣bust Bodies, and where the Skin is very thick, with Oyl of Amber pure and simple, for some few daies; and

then afterwards with Powers of Amber, &c.

V. If it be caused from a Palsie; there ought to be some gentle Purging, but with such things as more particularly carry off the cold, glutinous, and clamy Humour, which has de∣volved upon the Nerves; among which our Vinum Catharticum is none of the meanest: if it be a strong Man, and in the flower of his years, you may, with cau∣tion, give the former Pilulae Mirabiles; if he complains of a fulness and heaviness in his Stomach, give him One Two, or Three Doses of our Impetus Mineralis, and you shall find a wonder succeed.

VI. But during all this, you must sweat oftentimes, and powerfully by giving our Vinum Catharticum inwardly, and provoking the Sweat with Spirit of Wine, in Hart∣man's Chair, if you have such a one, using Frictions withal, as before directed.

VII. Outwardly let the paralytick Limbs be well a∣nointed, Morning and E∣vening, with this following Oyntment, Take Chymical Oyl of Rosemary and Anni∣seeds, of each an ounce: Vo∣latile Sal Armoniac in fine Powder half an ounce; Palm Oyl half a pound; mix them for use: Rub it well in be∣fore a good Fire.

VIII. Inwardly, let the Sick take every morning this: Take our new London Trea∣cle, Volatile Sal Armoniack, ana Five grains; mix it with pulp of Figgs, and give it: an hour after the taking of it give this: Take our Spi∣ritus Cosmeticus half an ounce, Powers of Rosemary half a drachm, Spiritus Antiastmati∣cus Twenty Drops mix, and give it in a Glass of Sack, or Ale; and give the same at Night, continuing this course for a month together.

IX. But when it proceeds from the dry Belly Ach, as for the most part it does in the West-Indies, this follow∣ing method is necessary to be pursued: First, Give the following Clyster, R. Chicken Broth a pint, Honey or Salt, half an ounce; Tinctura Au∣rea One Ounce, (or instead thereof, boil two ounces of the Pulp of the bitter Gourd in the Broth) then exhibit

the clear Liquor warm, if it comes away without any ap∣parent effect, repeat it a∣gain.

X. Then purge with our Pilulae Mirabiles, two, three, four, or six times, as need requires, with intervals be∣tween each Purge; but for poor People, who cannot go to the charge of these Pills, or if they be not to be had, use this: Take a large quantity of Peach Leaves bruised, viz. about fourty hand∣fuls; Pulp of the bitter Gourd Six ounces; boil all in a gal∣lon of Water to two Quarts, strain and sweeten with Sugar and Honey: Dose from half a pint to a pint, according to Age and Strength: This Purge, at due intervals, is to be repeated three, four, five, or six times, as you see need.

XI. This done the Bowels, and all the pained Parts and lamed Limbs, are to be bathed with Powers of Amber Morning and Evening; or with Oyl of Turpentine two ounces, mixed with Hogs-lard Eight Ounces.

XII. Lastly, In the loss of the use of Limbs, proceed∣ing from what cause soever, this following Drink must be constantly used and no o∣ther, without which a per∣fect Cure cannot be ex∣pected: Take Juniper Berries well bruised, Seeds and all Four Ounces; Fountain Water a Gallon; boil all to Three Quarts or Five Pints: strain out the clear, and put to it of Spirit of Wine Four Ounces; sweeten with White Sugar, and drink it as your ordi∣nary Drink. This Dyet will seldom or never fail the desired end, which is to restore the Sick to the per∣fect use of their Limbs, and without which it can scarce∣ly be done. Salmon.

CHAP. XI. Of the Cholick or Belly-ach.

I. To Cure the Belly-ach in a Child. Take the best Brandy a Quart, Cinna∣mon, Cortex Winteranus, ana half an Ounce, Anni∣feeds an Ounce and half, Rheubarb very thin sliced, or grosly bruised, two Oun∣ces; mix, and in a gentle heat of a Bath make a Tin∣cture. Dose from two Spoon∣fulls to eight, alone by it self, or sweetned with Su∣gar; but to Children give it sweetned with Sugar, and mixed with a little Ale: It is a thing not to be 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and which I have proved almost a thousand times. Salmon.

II. Where a continuing and long lasting Belly-ach, has been with a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Flux, I have Cured 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by the following Diet Drink. Take strong Ale a Gallon, choice Bran∣dy a Pint, Rheubarb thin sliced four Ounces, Anni∣seeds bruised I Ounce: Tie them up in a loose thin Rag, with a Stone in it, and put them into the Ale and Bran∣dy, and let the Sick con∣tinually drink of it: I have used it in several Cures of Patients, and never found it fail. Salmon.

III. For the Cholick, ac∣companied with a Quartane Ague. Take Butter of An∣timony rectified from Regu∣lus of Mars, 'till it is clear. You may give of this from two drops to five, in our Aqua Bezoartica. Salmon.

IV. For a Pocky Cholick, or the Belly-ach in Pocky Habit of Body. This is difficult to be remedied, and many times not without much trouble, and sometimes dan∣ger to the Sick; this follow∣ing is of wonderful use. Take

Crude Antimony, Sal Armo∣niack, of each as much as you please; reduce them into an Impalpable Powder, then su∣blime; so will you have red Flowers: Take of these Flowers à Gr. iij. ad vj. Of white Proe∣cipitate well edulcorated à Gr. iij. ad 8. Mix them, and with Balsam de Peru, a sufficient quantity, make a Mass for one Dose of Pills. 'Tis a wonder∣ful Medicine, and not e∣nough to be praised: But if the Patient be Young or Weak, you must proportion∣ably lessen the Dose. You may give it in the Morning Fasting, and let the Sick be∣ware of taking Cold. Sal∣mon.

V. The Cholick, with a ve∣hement Catarrb and Cough. Where the Griping of the Bowels is with Costiveness of Body, which is for the most part accompanied with a great Cough and Catarrh, there is no better Remedy upon Earth than our Spiri∣tus Anticolicus, of which the Sick may take half a Spoonful every Morning and Evening, in a Glass of Ale or Wine; and if it be vehement, in all the Drink they take. Salmon.

VI. The Cholick, with a vi∣olent Flux of the Belly down∣wards, and a vehement Ca∣tarrb upwards. I have seve∣ral times seen this preter∣natural Flux, though it be not common: Once I re∣member I had a Patient af∣flicted therewith, and in a most deplorable Condition: I Cured him by giving a Spoonful, or Spoonful and half of my Tinctura ad Ca∣tarrhos, Morning and Eve∣ning in a Glass of Ale, and in a Weeks time he was perfectly well. See it in my Phylaxa Med. Lib. 2. Cap. 9. Sect. 1. Salmon.

VII. One Purge saith, Rol∣fincius, given with Judg∣ment in the Cholick does that alone, which ten Clysters will scarcely reach, especially in the Cholick pain from Ob∣struction of the Excrements a∣bove the value. It was ob∣served when a Patient had thirty Clysters given him without any benefit, that a∣nother Physician gave him an Ounce and half of Man∣na,

with two Ounces of Oyl of sweet Almonds, in fat Chicken Broth, and eased the Patient of his pain. We in the West-India's in this case, where the Constipa∣tion is great, give a strong Decoction of the bitter Gourd, or bitter Squash made in Water, which ef∣fectually does the Cure at once, if given in the begin∣ning of the Disease: Pulp of Colocynthis here will do the same. In the West-India's (where Peach-Trees are plentlful) the Disease is Cu∣red by taking three or four times Syrup of Peaches; or by taking a very strong De∣coction made of the bruised Leaves of the Peach-Tree. Salmon.

VIII. Sometimes when Cly∣sters are given, they come not a∣way, but almost suffocate, by reason of their ascension be ing stopt by much Wind; in this case if one, two, or more Clysters do not come away, you must either put up a very sharp Supository, or recall them with a small Clyster made of a strong Tincture or Decoction of Pulp of Colloquintida.

IX. Where the Cholick pro∣ceeds from a kind of Glassy Phlegm, weak Clysters may not be given, made of Oyl, Hiera, and the like; these, though in a gentle Cholick, may do some good, yet in a violent one, can do no∣thing, rather mischief: In this case nothing less than a strong Clyster made with our Tinctura Aurea (see Phy∣laxa, Lib. 2. Cap. 5.) will do any good. After the Clyster has been taken, and is come away, let the Pa∣tient be three or four times Purged with our Pilula Mi∣rabiles (see Phylaxa, Lib. 2. Cap. 59.) and he will be so perfectly Cured, that the Disease will no more recur from that numerick Cause. Salmon.

X. In a vehement Cholick, with Obstruction of the Courses, I gave the following things. 1. I Purged the Sick well with my Pilulae Mirabiles thrice. 2. I gave the follow∣ing Powder. Take Livers and Galls of Eeles, dry them

and make them into Powder. Dose from one Drachm to two in white Wine. Salmon.

XI. A Venereal Cholick. There is no better Medicine upon Earth, then to give e∣very day for a Week toge∣ther (if it has been of long continuance) our Vinum Herculeanum, a Sack Glass full at a time, three or four times a day. The way of making it see in Phylaxa Med. Lib. 1. Cap. 47. Sect. 15. It is much beyond all the the Spicy and Aromatick Things in the World. Salmon.

XII. A Clyster against the Cholick. Take Decoction of Juniper Berries a Pint, Spiritus Aureus one Ounce, Aqua Benedicta four Oun∣ces, Oyl of Olive two Oun∣ces; mix them; this works in a small time; but which is admirable, even before it works the pain ceases. Sal∣mon.

XIII. Another Clyster for the same. Take Decoction of Dates, made in Mutton-Broth a Pint, Vinum Eme∣ticum five Ounces, mix for a Clyster; it gives ease al∣most in an Instant, and brings away the morbifick Cause or Matter after a wonderful manner. Salmon.

XIV. Rondeletius saith that Castoreum and Euphorbium are of good use, if the pain be constant and stir not from its place; yea, he e∣stimates them not only as a present, but as the ultimate Remedy: If you take six, eight, or ten Grains of Ca∣stor in Wine, and drink a little after it, it will quickly Cure: And five or six Gr. of Emphorbium may be In∣fused, and taken (the clear Infusion) in the same quan∣tity and manner.

XV. If the pain be in the upper part of the Belly, above the Navel, Clysters seldom do any good; for they ne∣ver reach the Morbifick or offending Matter; yet sometimes, even in these cases, when the pain is very violent, and the Humours crude, Clysters may be gi∣ven, but they ought to be made of strong Attractives,

such as the afore-mention∣ed.

XVI. This Clyster has done much good. Take fat Broth a Pint; Aloes dissolved two Drachms, Turpentine one Ounce and a half, or two Ounces: Truly it is a Me∣dicament not to be despised, I remember once above (all the rest of the times I used it) I recovered a young La∣dy even from the Jaws of Death with it: The Sick had been three daies and three Nights tortured with incessant Pain: Clysters of most kinds had been given by an Apothecary, by the Prescript of a Physitian: moreover, there had been given previous to those, Aromatick Bolus's, bitter De∣coctions, and lastly Opiates, but all in vain; nor could the Opiates do any good, for that they constipated the Bowels much more, which were before costive, and so rendered the disease, to all appearance, uncurable, so void of true Medical Sense or Knowledge, were those Men of great names, which had been before concern'd with her: In short, they neither gave her any Ease, nor made her go to Stool; so that what with the An∣guish and Pain, she was given over and lay for dead. In this state and Condition, a Gentlewo∣man then present, moved that I might be sent for, which was accordingly done, when I came thither, I viewed my Patient, no appearance of Life could be discerned, so that I had but small encouragement to act; however, being entreated by her grieved Parents, I was perswaded, even for their satisfaction. The A∣pothecary was sent for, and gave me an account of all that was done; I could not forbear blaming the Physitians, for acting so preposterously, against the rules of Art, as to prescribe Opiates in a Cholick, with a strong constipation of the Bowels: The Apothecary could no waies take their part, but was of my Opi∣nion. But the business was now, what was most fit to be done; nothing could be given by the Mouth, for her Teeth seemed to be

set; I immediately bethought of the former Clyster, which was presently given, and in half an hour came away, with many hardned Excre∣ments, after which, the Sick was discerned to breath: I caused the same Clyster to be administred again, and all the Region of the Ab∣domen, to be bathed very well with Powrs of Amber, and a Flannel moistned with the same, to be laid hot over the afflicted Parts. The Clyster stayed Two Hours with the Sick, and then came away with more hardned Excrements; after which she opened her Eyes, and seemed to move her self; and in about six hours time speak. The first Clyster was given about Ten in the Morning, the second before Eleven: About Eight at Night I prescribed this, Take Mutton Broth three quar∣ters of a pint, Aqua Benedicta three Ounces, Venice Turpen∣tine two Ounces, Oyl one Ounce, mix and make a Clyster. She confessed she had great Ease before this was exhibited; but after she had received this last, she confess'd she was in perfect Ease; it came away from her, in about an hour and quarters time: After which, I first gently purged her with a Dose of my Family Pills; then with two Doses of my Pilulae Mi∣rabiles (but withal giving her respite to recover Strength) after which she constantly took my Spiritus Anticolicus, in all her Drink, and be∣came perfectly well. Sal∣mon.

XVII. A Cholick proceeding from Gravel, obstructed in the Reins; It was plainly per∣ceived to be an Obstruction of the Reins, because the Sick could not make Water. I prescribed the last of the afore-going Clysters, which was repeated three times, once every day; and the Patient, by this means alone, was perfectly cured: And this might possibly be per∣formed by the Balsamick and Diuretick Particles of the Turpentine, being received into the Lacteal Veins, whereby it was mixed with the Lacteal Juice, and so entred into the mass of Blood, and was circulated

with it; whereby, altering its Crasis, it opened the Ob∣structions of the Passages, and so provoked Urine; for alwaies after the Clysters, the Sick made a very large quantity of Urine. This thing I have many times experienced. Sal∣mon.

XVIII. In some Patients the best Clysters do little good; and by I know not what hidden cause, the Pain, in a day or two, or three, returns again, as bad as ever, or worse: these, by the fol∣lowing suppositories, have not only found present Ease, but the Cure has succeeded, as if it had been done by In∣chantment. Take Honey One Ounce, boiled to a thickness, that it may be wrought with ones Finger; then add in Powder Sal Gem two Scruples, Troches Alhaudal half an Ounce, and with distilled Oyl of Wax, ten drops, make and form a Suppository, which let be put up in the Paroxysm.

XIX. Whether the Cholick comes from Choler or Vitreous Flegm, sharp and emollent Cly∣sters, are of excellent Use: And sometimes Clysters made only of Oyl, on of Oyl three parts, Turpentine one part, have saved the Life of a Patient. For since the Cho∣lick is caused by the Colons being obstructed by plenty of Matters above, Wind in the middle, and a great quantity of hardned Excre∣ments below, whereby the Wind can neither get up nor down, or get out: It is necessary first of all, to open the lower Passages, and to help the dryness of the Bowels, which may be done by Lenitive and Emolient Clysters; and if the matter be tough and viscous by sharp, inciding and attractive ones, such as we have be∣fore described, which must be so long continued, till all the hardned Excre∣ments are taken away: Nor must Oyl be omitted, be∣cause it mollifies and loosens much more than any A∣queous Body, and leaves the Bowels in a better temper. Salmon.

XX. Fienus advises to mix Narcoticks or Opiates with Pur∣gers. And this may be good where the Constipation is not Great; for by this means

the sick has present ease; the tough flegm or matter is afterwards carried off, and the wind descending into the Colon, is discussed. In this case take this: Take Extract of fine Aloes one Scruple, Scam∣mony in fine Powder eight Grains, of our Volatile Lauda∣num, with Aloes, five or six Grains: Mix and make a Dose, to be given at night. Salmon.

XXI. Bartholinus saith, that Clysters of Tobacco-Smoak are excellent, and a present help. There is a Pipe made on pur∣pose for this use; but the Smoak may be blown up the Anus by a common Tobac∣co-pipe, which for the most part effectually brings away the hardest Excrements, dis∣cusses Wind, and even clean∣ses the Intestines of cold glas∣sie Phlegm.

XXII. An Electuary to purge with in a Cholick: Take of Dates, pulp of Raisins of the Sun, of each half an Ounce; Scammony in fine Powder twelve Grains, Bezoar mi∣neral a Scruple: Mix them for one Dose. Salmon.

XXIII. If the Excrements be very muchhardened, Cly∣sters of pure Oil ought first to be given; then such as are more sharp: For the Oil first dissolving the Excre∣ments, they are the more easily brought away by a sharp Clyster, such as this: Take Broth, Oil Olive, of each seven Ounces; Elixir proprieta∣tis sine Acido one Ounce and half; mix them. 'Tis a thing beyond Commendation, if seasonably used.

XXIV. If the Cholick proceeds of billious humours, whereby the Constipation of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 vehement; one of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of simple things, is Syrup of Peach-blossoms three Oun∣ces given at a time: Or this, Take Extract of fine Aloes, Calomelanos in fine Powder, ana one Scruple, Scammony seven Grains; mix and make Pills for one Dose; it sel∣dom fails. Or, Take pulp of Raisins half an Ounce, Calome∣lanos a quarter of an Ounce; mix for a Dose: After which, drink an Infusion of Sena and Rheubarb, sweetned with Manna and Syrup of

Roses. After the Purge has done working, give eight or ten Ounces of Oil of sweet Almonds; and let the sick repose himself. Salmon.

XXV. Rondeletius tells us he has cured several with a Clyster made of Decoction of Hedge-mustard, especial∣ly being made with Wine: You may sweeten it with Honey.

XXVI. Hercules Saxonia saith, I mustingenuously confess, I have cured several in one day with this Medicine: Take Diaphoenicon half an Ounce, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Hiera three Drams; or a Bolus.

XXVII. in some cases, especi∣ally where Convulsions attend a Cholick, it is good to make Revulsions by vomit. Some prescribe a Vomit by Leaves of Asarabacca, and it is a good one: But there is no better Emetick for this pur∣pose, than our Pulvis Eme∣ticus, or our Cartharticum Ar∣genteum. The first may be given from three Grains to six or eight in Broth or Pos∣set drink; the second to a Dram, or a Dram and half, in like manner: They are easie and safe. Salmon.

XXVIII. Insome Constitutions troubled with a Cholick, Wine and strong Liquors are very pernicious, and always gene∣rate the matter causing those pains: In those cases drink∣ing of Water is the only re∣medy, and Fountain-water in which Sal Prunella (a Scruple to half a Pint) is dis∣solved, and well sweetned with Sugar; and this is al∣ways certain in a bilious Cholick, especially if accom∣panied with a Feaver; in which cases, as also in an In∣flamation of the Colon, this Remedy never fails.

XXIX. This is also to be noted, That where there is occasion of using my volatile Laudan. Guttoe Vitoe, new London Treacle, or any other of that kind, that they ought to be used while there is yet strength: For if they be used when the For∣ces are wasted, and the sick consumed, or near death, they will not only do hurt, but also hasten the Patient's death, taking away Life and

Sense together: Nor ought they to be given by any means, if the Pulses be low, languid, and weak: Yet if they be at all used, they ought to be applied external∣ly, or only used in a Clyster, in a proper Vehicle; and the Clyster being given, the sick to lie on the pained side. Salmon.

XXX. They are also most ef∣fectual, if taken after Univer∣sals, as proper and fit Eme∣ticks, or Catharticks, or both, such as we have before de∣scribed: And without these Preparatives, they ought not indeed to be taken. Salmon.

XXXI. Authors say, Clysters should first be given, as of Oils alone, from six Ounces to a Pound, which the sick is to keep all night. If evacuation of Excrements follow not that, then exhibit five Ounces of fat Manna, dissolv'd in Broth, aromatiz'd with Cinnamon or other Spices; for that by its softness, moistness, and subtilty of parts, loosens and penetrates, and by softning expels the Excrements. If this does not, Oil may be given again, from six or seven Ounces to a Pound. When the Excrements are brought away, purge with this: Take Sena an Ounce, Aniseeds bruised a Dram and half, Salt of Tartar one Dram, Juice of Liquorice half a Dram, Spring-water a Pint; make an Infusion over a gentle beat for twelve or sixteen hours, and strain it out for four Doses. This will effectually cleanse the Bowels, and take away all the Excrements, or re∣maining morbifick matter Or instead thereof, you may use our Tinctura Aured, from half an Ounce, to a whole Ounce at a time, till the whole Cause is removed. Salmon.

XXXII. Should the Disease yet return, and the Cholick pains be violent, there is a necessity of having recourse to Opiates: You may give them from 2 to 4 or 6 grains of our Vo∣latile Laudanum; after which give this: Take of our Spiritus Cosmeticus a spoonful, or spoon∣ful and half, choice Canary six spoonfuls to eight; mix them, to be given immediately after; and the whole Region

the Abdomen is to be bathed with our Spiritus Anodinus: And these things are so much the better, if the Constitu∣tion be hot: But if cold, the morbifick matter is made thicker, and the Disease be∣comes yet more stubborn.

XXXIII. When the Bowels or their Tunicles are thus afflicted with a gross, tough, and cold matter, heating things ought to be used, whether they be Ca∣thartick, or Alterative only. In this case you may purge with this: Take of our Tinctu∣ra Aurea from half an Ounce to an ounce, Powers of Anniseeds half an ounce; mix them with a Glass of White-wine or Ale, for a Dose. An Al∣terative Essence of Garlick is an admirable thing; for it exceedingly heats & warms; discusses Wind profoundly, and withal prevents the breeding and increase of the cold flegmatick Humor.

XXXIV. To make the Essen∣tia Allii, or Essence of Garlick, of so great use in this case. Take a large quantity of Garlick, beat it well in a Marble Mortar, and reduce it to an impalpable Pap as much as you can; put it into a long∣neck'd Matrass, or large Bolt-head; which seal up hermetically, or otherwise well close it; set it to digest in Horse-dung, or a Sand∣heat of equal strength for forty days: Then open the Vessel, take out the matter; which will most of it be re∣duced into a slimy Liquor; strain out the thinner part by pressing: Digest again in a little Sand-heat, or rather in B. M. that there may be a residence of the grosser parts: The thinner separate by inclination, which per∣fectly purifie by adding to every quart of the Liquor from half an Ounce to a whole Ounce of its own fixt Salt; or for want of the same, as much Salt of Tartar; di∣gest again for forty days, then separate the pure from the impure, and keep the Essence for use in a Glass close stopt: It will keep a long time, and be as it were incorruptible: Dose from half a spoonful to one or two spoonfuls, or more. The Essences of Plants made af∣ter this manner, will be transparent, either of an Em∣rald

green, or of a red Orien∣tal Granate, according to the quality and quantity of Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury, pre∣dominating in each Plant. Salmon.

XXXV. To make the Essen∣tia Apii, or Essence of Smal∣lage, which is a specifick in this Disease.

Take a great quantity of Smallage when in Flower, beat it well as aforesaid; di∣gest in a long-neck'd Ma∣trass for forty days close stopt, in a Sand-heat; strain out the thin by pressing: Digest again in a very gentle Sand-heat, or B. M. to make a farther separation: Separate the thinner by in∣clination; which perfectly purifie by adding to each pint of Liquor from two Drachms to half an Ounce of its own fixt Salt; or for want of it, as much Salt of Tartar; digest again for for∣ty days then separate the purely clear, and keep it close stopt for use. Dose from a spoonful to two or three spoonfuls, or more, in a Glass of Wine. This is a Medicament not enough to be valued. Salmon.

XXXVI. These Essences thus drawn from the whole Plant, or its parts, are purified and exalted until they arrive to the nature of their first Being, which will eminently pos∣ses all the central Virtues of their mixt; for here Art and Nature, in this Prepa∣ration, have preserved all the seminal Powers with which it was endowed; and these Essences contain in themselves all the efficacy and Virtues of the Plants of which they are made. The addition of the Salt of the Plant, not only adds to its virtue, but it also causes to se∣parate all the heterogeneous and slimy matter which did hinder the exaltation and perfection of the Medicine, and brings it to the highest clarity and purity imagi∣nable. If three or four Oun∣ces of white Sugar be added to every Pint of the Essence, it will not only help to its conservation, but also be more pleasant to the Pati∣ent: And withal, if you put a little Spirit of Wine, or

instead of the Sugar, five or six Ounces of our Syrupus Volatilis, the Preparation will not be the worse for it. Note also, these Essences may be given in Wine, Water, Broth, or Decoction, as the sick best likes. They restore decayed strength, and bring Nature back again into its old path, for the health and preserva∣tion of the Body. Salmon.

XXXVII. The Essence of Peach-leaves.

Take Peach-Leaves (long before the Fruit is ripe) so many as by supposition you may have six Quarts of juice from; beat them well as be∣fore; digest all according to the former method for forty days: Strain out and digest again, separate the thinner part, and with its own Salt, or Salt of Tartar, in the for∣mer proportion; by dige∣stion purifie and perfect the Essence by another forty days space of time. I astly, adding three or four Ounces of white Sugar to every Pint or Quart, keep it close stopt for use. Dose from twospoon∣fuls, to four, six, or eight, according to age & strength: It purges well, and carries off the morbifick cause to a Miracle; but it ought to be taken three, four, or six times, as the exigency of the Disease requires. This is a specifick in a Cholick beyond most other things, and withal very safe. Salmon.

XXXVIII. Among Carmi∣natives, or Discussers of Wind, I commend (from a very long and large Experience) our Powers of Anniseeds, Powers of Ca∣raways of Juniper-berries, Limons, Cloves, Nutmegs, Rosemary, and the like. Out of these the following Com∣positum may be made: Take Powers of Cloves, Nutmegs, ana one Ounce, of Anniseeds, Carraways, ana an Ounce and half; of Juniper, two Ounces; of Limons and Rosemary, ana two Ounces and a half: mix all for the Uses afore-mention∣ed. Dose half a spoonful in a Glass of Ale or Wine. Sal∣mon.

XXXIX. This is also certain from a very great Experience, That as vehement Cholicks are often caused from a cold, tough, viscous Phlegm, stick∣ing

to the Stomach and Guts, and Wind thence a∣rising; so that not only the said Wind may be gradually discussed, by the assiduous use of the said Potestates or Powers, but also by the use thereof, that viscous Phlegm adhering to the Tunicles of the Stomach and Guts, will be by degrees incided, corrected, and removed. Salmon.

XL. But though these Aro∣matick Potestates are admi∣rable in the precited case, and so powerfully resist the Cause; yet it is my Opinion, That nothing exceeds my Spiritus Anticolicus, being profitable to all the intentions of the Cure; for that it not only corrects hoth Phlegm and Choler, and discusses Wind when bred, but also hinders it from breeding. It not on∣ly discusses Wind, or con∣denses it, but prevents its new extention, or rarifica∣tion again. I could produce several Histories of this Cure, performed by this Medica∣ment alone.

XLI. Some, after all other Remedies have failed, have been cured by a Decoction of Guaiacum; and its Bark. And several Histories of Cures performed by it are extant; but the most eminent is that of a Bath-keeper of Vienna, after he had been tortured with a most vehement Cho∣lick for nine months, and used a great number of things to no purpose, his Disease still increased upon him, and by drinking of Spaw-waters was still exas∣perated. He was married to a young Wife, and she was also afflicted with the same Disease, and dead of it: He feared the same fate, and began to be convulsed in his whole Body; so that his Physicians began to fear, that the Disease was or would be translated to the Genus nervosum, or nervous Stock, and so cause a Palsie. Having stopt his Convulsions by other Medicines, he gave him Guaiacum Wine, accor∣ding to the Advice of Ama∣tus Lusitanus, Cent cur. 32. to cause him to sweat, which he did for five days, and was perfectly cured: Germ. Eph. An. 3. P. 487. This Cholick the Physician judg'd

from phlegmatick Hu∣mours, the Seminaries of Wind, which being dissol∣ved by that diaphoretick Wine, were spent by Sweat. Some Laxatives were also given between whiles.

XLII. In a Cholick proceeding from a hot cause, hot things, whether for inward or outward use, must be avoided, lest an Inflammation be caused: In this case purging Waters, clari∣fied Whey with Sena, and Syrup of Violets, drank plen∣tifully, are given with good success: and outwardly to the Bowels, Willis advises to Fomentations of a Solution of Nitre, or Sal-Armoniack, as in pains of the Gout; and sometimes, as Septalius re∣ports, of simple cold Water.

XLIII. If the Cholick be caused by hard Excrements, hindring the passage of the rest of them, and of Wind, Emollients must first be u∣sed, and afterwards sharp things to irritate the faculty. Sennertus.

XLIV. I had a Patient that for Four Months had been troubled with an almost In∣vincible Colick; at length he desired my help; I only gave him my Spiritus Anti∣colicus, two Drachms at a time, in a Glass of Wine, and made him sweat upon it; and by the using of a∣bout two or three Ounces thereof, he was Cured.

XLV. A Man, about sixty Years of Age, mightily com∣plained to me of a grinding pain in his Groin, which always seized him just at Night, and this had con∣tinued with him for three or four Months; the Con∣stitution of the Bowels all this while being as it should be, for, he was neither Costive nor Loose; from whence I conceived it to be rather a Flatulency in the Muscles of the Abdomen, than in the Colen, and so it proved; for I caused him Morning, Noon, and Night, to bathe the Part afflicted with Powers of Amber; and this alone in about a Weeks time (without taking any thing inwardly) cured him.

XLVI. I have several times

cured an Inveterate Colick, with loss of the use of Limbs, by giving Turpethum Mine∣rale, so as to raise a Flux, which has sometimes lasted twenty Days, or more; for by this means the peccant Matter lodged, and as it were, rooted in the Ner∣vous System, which could not be removed by other Medicines, is taken away: For the Mercurial Particles, by diffusing themselves every way, dissolve, divide and dissipate the morbifick Mat∣ter, into almost insensible small Particles, and at length wholly expell them. And this I experienced in a mi∣serable Lame Patient, whom I Cured by this means, even while this present Book was in Writing.

LXVI. I am of opinion, that Catharticks, mixt with Opiates, are of good use: I have used this following, with a wonderful success: Take Extract of fine Aloes, Extract of Colocynthis, of each twelve Grains; Laudanum Volatile Nostrum, five or six Grains: mix them for a Dose. It is true, the Purge works not presently, by reason the Opiate is mixt with it, and therefore I give it over Night, but it commonly works by the next day∣noon: yet this is very ob∣servable, That the Patient does not feel himself as if he had taken a Purge, but lies very quietly and pleasantly all Night, the Physick not disturbing him, griping him, nor making him sick; and when it does work, it is with a great deal of pleasantness, without any pain at all; and by this silent way (as it were) of carrying off the Humour, the Paroxysm is many times presently at an end.

XLVII. If the Pain, as I said before, be not in the Bowels, but in the Muscles of the Abdomen (from what cause soever, it does not so much matter) it is some∣times cured by a Vesicatory applied upon the part, or a little below the Navel; and this is often done with very great success: But you must by no means lay it upon the Navel; lest Convulsions or Swooning follow, by reason

of the commerce of the um∣bilical Vessels and the Heart. For a man certainly dies, if the Skin be flea'd off the Navel, though 'tis possible he might live, if he was flea'd in any place besides; which is a note, worthy observing.

XLVIII. Authors say, That Mercury- Water, inwardly taken, radically cures the Cholick: I have not had the experience of it, but this I know; That being my self seized with a vehement Cholick, I drank about a quarter of a Pint of Wine, digested a Month upon my Hercules, and it cured me momentarily, or upon the spot: And some years since that time, I have several times been troubled with that Disease, and in like manner applying my self to that same Remedy, I have always found the same suc∣cess, to my very great satis∣faction: but the Philosophi∣cal Reason of this thing, is not very easie to be pene∣trated into.

XLIX. Alexander Benedictus commends this: Take Nitre two Ounces; dissolve it in a sufficient quantity of Water, with which mix as much Oyl, and exhibit it by Clyster, of a due bear. This, they say, wonderfully draws out the thick Matter, and dry com∣pact Excrements. It may be a good thing for all that I know, but I have had no experience of it. This is probable, That if it pro∣ceeds from a hot Distemper of the Viscera, or Intestines, this Medicine may do good; but if from a Cold, it must be infallibly naught.

L. Speedwell, is com∣mended by Crato, as a Spe∣cifick in the Cholick. 1. By drinking the Decoction thereof made with Wine, with half a Drachm of Myrrhe. 2. By exhibiting, Clyster-wise, a Decoction thereof in Chicken-broth. He also says, That when no other Remedies would do, he cut Root of Master∣wort, put it into a Glass of Wine, and gave it to drink every Day before Supper, which made the pain ceaso.

LI. This following Cly∣ster has cured many. Take Malmsey, or Muskadel, or for want of them Malaga, or Ca∣nary six Ounces; Oyl of Nuts four Ounces; Powers of Juni∣per, and of Rue, of each an Ounce and a half; mix, and exhibit it hot. Inwardly, you may give by the Mouth our Tinctura Anticolica, from half an Ounce to one Ounce in Wine: Or this Powder: Take Powder of the Testicles of a Horse, or of Castoreum one Drachm, Anniseeds in Powder one Scruple: mix, and give it in Wine or Broth: Or, half a Dram of the Powder of the Spunge which grows upon the wild Bryar.

LII. A Cholick proceed∣ing purely from taking Cold I cured, by anointing, the whole Region of the Abdo∣men, with Balsam of Amber.

LIII. This following mix∣ture being first given in a proper Vehicle, by the Mouth, Secondly, well ba∣thed three, four, or five times upon the whole Regi∣on of the Abdomen. Thirdly, Given Clyster-wise in a lit∣tle Broth, I have often-times found to cure the Cholick miraculously. Take Powers of Caraways, of Limons, of Nutmegs, of Cloves, of Vir∣tues, of each a like quantity; mix them; to be used after the manner aforesaid. Salmon.

CHAP. XII. Of an Hysterick Cholick.

I. IN describing this Di∣sease, and prescribing a method of Precepts for the Cure thereof, I cannot follow any Author, nor have I met with any thing yet extant, which has yet given me any satisfaction: The florid Discourses of some upon this Subject, seem to me rather an excursive sound of Words and Noise, than

any thing of substantial Reasons; and truly in some sort, are rather Deviations from the Truth, than either Illustrations of the nature of the Disease, or sound Do∣cuments in order to its cure.

II. The very name of the Distemper imports the Na∣ture and Quality thereof; it being a Pain excited from a distemper or disturbance of the Womb, or some parts adjacent to it; in all my Observations of Diseases of that part, there has seem'd something to indicate a con∣sent of the Nerves of the Mesentery, if not some Di∣sease actually residing there∣in; and that which induces me so much the more to this Opinion, is a vehement Cholick excited (as 'tis thought) from that which is vulgarly called a distemper of the Womb.

III. But if I should descend to the exact discussion of Hysterick Diseases, I am apt to think that in many of those cases, where the Womb is so much blamed, it is not concerned at all, but is rather from Convulsions, or distemper of the Mesente∣ry; for that I have known several Men (though not so commonly as among Wo∣men, because not so subject to such Passions) in an ex∣tream manner afficted with such as are commonly ac∣counted Hysterick Fits.

IV. If a Cholick be excited in Persons not subject to Hy∣sterick Fits (and such we shall call them, as oft as we have occasion to make use of their name, because of the vulgar acceptation) it cannot be an Hysterick Cholick, but that of the simple kind, of which we have largely treated in the former Chapter, and there∣fore shall say nothing here.

V. But if in Persons sub∣ject to Hysterick Distem∣pers, upon the exciting of the Hysterick Fit, a Cho∣lick be induced, this is that which we intend here, and whose Symptoms, Causes, Prognosticks, and Indicati∣ons of Cure, we design in this Chapter.

VI. It is easily known by the difference afore-menti∣oned from an ordinary Cholick, yet there is a far∣ther cause, than what simp∣ly causes Hysterick Fits, viz. a sharp, phlegmatick, or clammy Matter, lodged in the nervous foldings of the Mesentery and Bowels: more∣over, the Sick for the most part complains of a vehe∣ment pain at Stomach, for some-time before hand, with a weight and heavi∣ness; and many times there is a Costiveness of Body preceding it; and if the Patient is plethorick, or full of Blood, there is sometimes a bleeding at Nose; or in heavy, melancholly, and unpleasant Bodies, a Flux of the Haemorrhoids; if these precede not, the Patient complains of Vertigo, or a pain in the Head, a dull pain or heaviness in one of the sides, either right or left, and a dimness of Sight, with an unwillingness to stir, and move up and down, to which add, for the most part, a sadness and deje∣ctedness of Mind, and some∣times Foolishness.

VII. The Nature of this Di∣stemper is such, that it makes the Bowels sore, and all the Region of the Abdomen is as if it were beaten with Sticks; and if it continues long, so that the Sick cannot get Re∣medy, it so enervates the whole Body, that it not on∣ly takes away the Strength in general, but in many (as in a certain Gentlewoman, not long since my Patient,) it takes away the use of the Limbs also; in some the Arms, in some the Legs, in others the Arm and Leg on one side, and in othersome all the Limbs together; so that the Patients are made wholly incapable of helping themselves. Now this dif∣ference proceeds from the strength of the Disease, and the matter causing it, and the and Plicatures, or Ramifica∣tions of Nerves, hurt by the same; and in some Persons, the extremity of the Cause is so vehement, that it causes foolishness and alienation of Mind, with a strong Me∣lancholly.

VIII. The nere Cause appea∣red to belodg'd in the Muscles of the Bowels and Mesentery, where sharp Salt, join'd with an acid Phlegm, being dissol∣ved, and put into a fermen∣tation upon the hysterick Pa∣roxism, causes this vehement pain: For by reason of the Collision of the neurotick Spirits justling one another in their passages, and the a∣cid. Sals pricking the most sensible Fibres of the Nerves with their vitriolick Parti∣cles, causing a vehement an∣guish; and the distention of the Nerves and musculous Passages, where the said a∣cid Juices are lodged, this al∣most invincible Cholick is exeited, which, Proteus-like, is so various in its appearan∣ces, that we cannot here in few words describe it.

IX. The remote cause is to be known from the conside∣ration of the six Non natu∣rals, and other Accidents of Nature intervening, the which we shall here pass o∣ver, and leave to the more exquisite Consideration of philosophick Minds.

X. As to the Progno sticks, this we have to say, That if the Disease has been of long continuance, and in ancient People, it will be of difficult cure; the older and the longer the Disease has been, so much the more difficult. If the Limbs have lost their use, 'tis very sel∣dom that the Sick recovers. If a Palsie be induced the Sick is incurable; so if any contraction of the Nerves, with loss of the use of any Limb: The same also if the Patient is become foolish, or there be a very great alie∣nation of Mind, more espe∣cially if it be not recent, but of long continuance. But if there be no loss of the use of Limbs, or it only returns by long intervals; if it be recent, & the Patient young, strong, vigorous, and lively; If they can eat freely, and sleep well, there is all the possible signs of recovery; and so much the better and easier if in a Woman not with Child, or in a Body not scorbutick.

XI. The Indicationes Cu∣rativae are these: Obstru∣ctions must be opened, hy∣sterick Vapours or Fumes must be quieted, the acid Salts and Juices must be al∣tred, the peccant or offen∣ding Mater must be evacu∣ated or removed: And last∣ly, the parts weakned must be corroborated and streng∣thened, and the scorbutick Taint (if any be) destroyed.

XII. In respect to opening of Obstrucrtions, we must consider whether the Con∣stitution be hot or cold; for accordingly different Medi∣cines must be used. Those things which open Obstru∣ctions in hot Bodies, create them in cold, & e contrario. If therefore, by the exube∣rant symptoms, you perceive the Constitution to be hot, these following things are fit to be used, viz. Spirits of Sulphur and Nitre, Spiritus Aperiens, & Antiasthmati∣cus Spirttus Anticolicus Sal nitri, Tartari nitratum, & Nitri Vitriolatum, Sal Armo∣niacum Volatile, Syrupus Ne∣phriticus, being given in a convenient Vehicle, and in a proper Dose; all which you may see in my Phylaxa Medicinae.

XIII. But if it be in a cold habit of Body, then you will find these following things good: Take Juice of Smal∣lage two Pound, Sugar as much, make it into a Syrup by boiling, which strain through Hippo∣crates his Sleeve; Dose three spoonfuls every morning fa∣sting, and at night going to bed. Or this: Take Juices of Fennel, Germander, Agri∣mony, Brooklime, Watercresses, ana four Ounces, Sugar twenty Pound; make it into a Syrup, which clarifie with Whites of Eggs: Give it in the same manner and Dose with the former: Or these Juices may be mixt with new Ale, bot∣led up with a little white Su∣gar, and a Clove slit put into each Bottle, and so drank. In this case also Tin∣ctura Martis given in clarified Juice of Plantin, mixt with an equal quantity of Conary, is of good use. Also Potestates Carui, Juniperi, Lithontriptici, & Pulegii, may be daily given in all their drink.

XIV. To quiet the irregu∣lar and turbulent motion of the Spirit, and hysterick fumes, these following things are fit to be done: First, the Stomach, and whole Region of the Abdomen, are to be ba∣thed with Powers of Amber, or Pennyroyal, or both, and a hot Flannel dipt in the same, laid over them. Secondly, the Nostrils are to be often touched with Postestates Cor∣nu Cervi; and the Sick should keep a Bottle always about them to swell to, or at least a Bottle of Volatile Sal Armoniack, mixt with some few drops of Oil of Pennyroyal, or Savin. More∣over, our Tinctura Hysterica should be at convenient times given in a little Wine or Ale. Or this: Take Tinctura Hy∣sterica one Ounce, Guttae Vitae half au Ounce; mix them; of which sixty drops may be given at a time, every night going to bed; and, if ex∣tremity require it, every morning fasting. But if the Sick be troubled with a co∣stiveness of Body, this fol∣lowing is of more excellent use: Take of our Extract of Aloes one Scruple, Castor in Powder half a Scruple, of our Volatile Laudanum three or four Grains; mix them, for one Dose, to be given every night going to bed. These things thus used, will not fail you expectations.

XV. The third intention of Cure, is, to sweeten the a∣cid Salts and Juices of the Bo∣dy; for which purpose there is certainly nothing more powerful and admirable, than our Spiritus Universalis, (which see in our Phyl. Medic. Lib. 2. cap. 22.) given twice a day, or as often as the Sick drinks in all their Ale or Beer: Or instead of this, Volatile Sal Armoniack, add six or eight Grains, in all their Liquor aforesaid. Some possibly may prescribe Pre∣parations of Pearl, Coral, Amber, Crabs Eyes, &c. but these things (though after a very long using may do some good, yet) being fixt Al∣calies, do not so immediate∣ly enter into the Mass of Blood, and are therefore to be laid aside, where the o∣ther things can be had, for∣asmuch as this Disease pos∣sesses

the whole Mass of Blood and Humours, and the wholy habit of the body.

XVI. But more effectually to answer both the first In∣dication of Cure at Sect. 12. and 13. aforegoing, and this third present, this following Composition is most excel∣lent: Take Venice or Strasburgh Turpentine two Ounces, Angelis Mineralis, Bezoarticum Mine∣rale, ana enough to make the Turpentine up into Pills: Dose one Dram, or a Dram and half; and in some cases two Drams. It is a most effectu∣al Medicament for the Pur∣poses intended, and not e∣nough to be valued; and so much the more especial∣ly, if it be given in a scor∣butick habit of Body, and where the Sick has lost the use of their Limbs.

XVII. The fourth Indicati∣on is to evacuate the mor∣bisick Cause, or peccant Hu∣mour, which you may most compleatly accomplish with my Pilulae Mirabiles, for they (given from one Scruple to half a Dram) wounderfully carry off the offending mat∣ter, and draw it away even from the most remote parts of the Body: Or in∣stead of them, you may use my Family Pills (those which are made according to my last designation, by which they are much improved in their Virtues and Goodness, which can be only had of me, and such as have them from my hand, not from Hollier, or his Accomplices, for that he knows neither the Names, Number, or Na∣ture, Preparation, or Pro∣portion, of any thing con∣tained in them, as they are now prepared by me: So that I modestly affirm, one Box of this Preparation is really worth three Boxes, for all that I know ten, of any of those made and sold without my order or con∣sent.) These Family-Pills may be given, three, four, five, or six in number, accor∣ding to Age and Strength. If the Patient cannot take Pills, they may purge with Vinum Catharticum, (see it in my Phylaxa Medic. Lib. 2. cap. 44.) one of the most ex∣cellent things in the World,

XVIII. The fifth and last Indication is Vital, or to strengthen and restore the hurt and weakned parts, which is done both by Inter∣nals and Externals: For In∣ternals I propose chiefly our Tincture of Kermes, to be ex∣hibited in a Glass of Wine, or other convenient Vehi∣cle half a spoonful at a time morning and night. To this purpose serves our Tinctura Antimonii, tinctura Corallorum, (which are no mean things) given in the same manner; as also our Potestates Virtu∣tum, given to twenty, or thir∣ty, or forty drops in Ale. Outwardly you may bathe the Stomach, Abdomen, and Back, with the same; and now and then to comfort the Bowels, give this Cly∣ster: Take Venice Turpentine one Ounce, Yelk of one Egg; grind them well together in a Mortar till they are well mixt; then add to them Chicken-Broth, choice Canary, of each half a Pint, of our Aqua Bezoartica an Ounce; mix, and exhibit warm. Salmon.

CHAP. XIII. Of an APOSTEME.

I. AN Abscess or Apo∣steme, is an Aggre∣gation of Matter in a mus∣culous or fleshy part, with an intention to break out; the Precursor of which, is always Pain and inflamation: And it is for the most part known by tumour or swel∣ling of the part, with great heat and continual pain.

II. If therefore pain seize any part of the Body, and there be a suspicion that Matter is gathered there; if the Sick sweats, or there be a natural Diaphoresis, especi∣ally about the Face, and the pain yet continue, you may certainly conclude, that Mat∣ter is gathered together in the part, though the Colour thereof be not changed; and

therefore in its due season it must be opened, that the congregated Matter may be let out.

III. I remember once I was sent for to a little Boy, about ten years of Age, who at play had hurt his Leg: The Child complained ve∣hemently, and almost always cried out, yet no great ap∣earance of an Aposteme: There was no outward dis∣coloring, or inflammation, or scarcely any appearance of a Tumor; but at length a small general swelling over the whole Leg, and the ve∣hement pricking pain was only in one particular part thereof: I applied Matura∣tives or Ripeners, which made the general Tumor more apparent; but the pain equally continued, and the Colour of the Skin was the same as formerly, or as that of the other Leg, without any protuberance, or place pointing out, where it ought to be open'd. When I thought it was time to open it, I did it with an Incision-knife, up∣on the very place of the pain, which was about three Inches, or more, below the Knee, on the outside of the Leg; after opening of it, the Child had immediately ease; and I took out of the Aposteme, of well-digested Matter, about three quarters of a Pint, at several times: And then I cured it after the general method of healing Apostemes. Salmon.

IV. 'Tis true, Guido ad∣vises to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 till Nature causes an Aposteme to break, because he thinks that which is made by Nature, is better than that which is done By Art 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by Experience know otherwise, and, with Avicenna; 〈◊〉〈◊〉 fully of Opi∣nion, That an Apostome which is brought to ripeness, ought immediately to be opened, for that many evils flow from Matter kept too long in the Abscess, and sometimes 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 seize upon 〈◊〉〈◊〉 noble Parts, in∣fecting the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and Mus∣cles, and sometimes 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Bone, to the very great if not irreparable dan∣ger of the Sick.

V. And for this Reason it is, That Buboes (in the Plague, or a Pestilential Fever) when they appear, we ha∣sten their ripening with so much vehemency, and some∣times are forced to open them before they are per∣fectly ripe, lest the poiso∣nous Matter should revert inwardly, and its malign Fumes, strike to the Heart, and smite the vital Spirits.

VI. But again on the con∣trary, too much haste ought not to be made to open an Aposteme, before it be throughly ripe, (except in malign Diseases, as aforesaid, and where the hazard of Life, for that Cause is very great, or a Mortification is beginning,) lest a mortifica∣tion of the part (from the Crudity of the Humour, not yet turn'd into Pus) should ensue, or a violent Fever, with sometimes Convulsions; for that such an untimely Operation, does indeed much more excite the pain than the Tumor it self, and causes a new conflux of Humors.

VII. But beside the for∣mer Reasons, for a hasty ope∣ning of the Abscess, these following also conclude it: I. Where the heat of the part is languid or weak, and the Sick wants sleep. 2. Where it is evident, there is is a very great plenty of Mat∣ter, which Nature cannot dispose of. 3. When the Matter is seated deep, thick, and wide at bottom. 4. When it is adjacent to a principal Member, which may be in danger of being hurt or affe∣cted by the malign Fumes thereof. 5. If it be on or near the Joints, lest the cor∣roding Humor, thus detai∣ned, should seize upon, or eat the Ligaments. 6. If it be in a glandulous part, be∣cause they are more subject to putrefaction, and the cut∣ting of them hurts but little. 7. Lastly, If it be upon Bones, Nerves, or Tendons, as in Whitoles and Fellons, which happen to the Nails and Fin∣gers ends, where for want of seasonable opening, the Bone is many times putrified and corrupted, to the losing sometimes of a Joint, some∣times

of two. So Hippocra∣tes advises, concerning an Abscess upon the Perinaeum: When (saith he) any such little Tumour shall begin, cut it forthwith, while it is yet unripe, lest the suppuration should reach to the Intesti∣num Rectum, or Arst Gut.

VIII. When therefore an In∣flammation with pain is pre∣sent, and that it appears, the Tumor will apostemate, it is necessary to apply Suppu∣ratives, to bring it to a com∣plete maturation or ripeness: Such as this: Take Yolks of Eggs, Honey, Oil Olive, ana two Ounces, Pulp of Figs, Rai∣sons, ana three Ounces; Mi∣thridate four Ounces, Pouder of Aron-Roots, enough to bring it to the consistency of a Pultise, which renew twice a day: Or this, which is stronger: Take Basilicon minus, Ox Gall, Black Sope, soft Hens dung, ana two Ounces; Onions, Gar∣lick, Leeks, ana an Ounce and half; Mithridate, Gum-Elemi, ana an Ounce; Saffron half an Ounce; Pouder of the Roots of Aron and Briony, of the Leaves of Dittany and Rue, ana enough to make it into the consistency of a Pultise. It will bring it to maturation in a short time.

IX. But if you would have the Maturative much stron∣ger, as in those cases where Life is in imminent danger, as in the Plague, and other malign, poisonous, and pu∣trifactive Distempers, you must add to the Compositi∣on, Salt of Tartar, Nitre, Quicklime, Pouders of Genti∣an roots, Ranunculus, Pyre∣thrum, Hellebore, and Mustard∣seed, with other things of like kind, which you must apply, and renew it every twelve hours.

X. The Abscess being now brought to ripeness, or a ne∣cessity of opening 〈◊〉〈◊〉; the next thing to be considered, is, the best way of doing that operation. It is done either by a potential Cau∣tery, or an Actual, or the Knife.

XI. Celsus, lib. 7. cap. 2. saith, If the malady be deep, it is to be considered whether that place be nervous, or no:

If it be without Nerves, the Actual Cautery, as a red-hot Iron is to be chosen; (because it strengthens the parts it touches;) but if Nerves be near, the Actual Cautery, or Fire, is not proper, for that it is certainly (according to Hippocrates) an Enemy to the Nerves: In this case, you ought to use the Incision-knife, or Lancet.

XII. It remains then to be determined in other cases, whether the potential Caute∣ry, or the Knife is best; or if each at some times are best, which that best is. We will consider, from Barbet, the Conveniencies and Incon∣vonience of each: First, As to the potential Cautery, it has these Convenieneies in it: 1. That it does not af∣fright a faint-hearted Pati∣en. 2. Nor does it cause very much pain, especially if you use the famed Caute∣ry or these times, viz, Dutch Soap mixed with Quick-lime, which eats deep enough to the Flesh, and much more gentle than the Holoserick Cautery of Paraeus: Yet these Inconveniences are apt to attend it: I. It corrodes sometimes much deeper and farther about than is needful, by reason of its spreading, notwithstanding the defen sative. 2. It is some hours; before it perfectly does the operation; which, if the Hu∣mor be maligant, will not permit of it. 3. The Eschar does not presently fall off, so that if you would have the Matter brought forth pre∣sently, you must use the In∣cision-knife or Lancet, for all that; nor is it possible to avoid these Inconveniencies.

XIII. Secondly, As to the Knife, it has these incon∣veniencies; 1. That most Patients are afraid of it. 2. That it is supposed to cause much pain; but the fear is prevented by not speaking of it; and the pain is of no great moment, be∣ing more in name, than in power: yet it has these Conveniences withal. 1. By the Knife, or Lancet, you may make the Apertion as long, and as deep, as you please, or the Aposteme requires. 2. You very quick∣ly come at the Matter,

whereby it is evacuated, and the Patient eased. 3. The remaining Matter, not yet digested, will be more easi∣ly maturated, by external applications, assisted with Internals. 4. There will not be a long continued gleet∣ing (which often attends Tumours, or Apostems up∣on the Glandules) being opened with Cathereticks. For Apostems behind the Ears, in the Neck, Arm∣pits, and Groins, arise from hardned Glandules, fill'd with preter-natural Hu∣mours: These Glands are covered with a proper Coat, which being hurt, a gleeting necessarily follows; for the Tunicles being broken or opened, the Glandule can neither preserve it self, nor its Humour, but a gleeting will continue so long, 'till the hole in the Tunicle is cured, or the whole Kernel is vanished and consumed.

XIV. The Aposteme be∣ing opened, you must not let all the Matter (if it be much) out at once; for there would be a too great∣spending of the Spirits at one time: But for the asswa∣ging of the pain, you must let out only some part of it; and afterwards make the evacuation by degrees; be∣cause that the remaining concocted Pus helps to ri∣pen that which is yet unripe, if any be; as also to keep the natural heat of the part, to cut, deterge, soften, and dissolve all the Reliques of the Aposteme, beyond the power of any Topick Medi∣cine whatsoever.

XV. When all the Mat∣ter is evacuated at once, it often causes a fainting or swooning, from the excee∣ding great loss of Spirits; the remaining undigested Mat∣ter oftentimes grows so hard and scirrhous, that the Af∣fect becomes incurable, to which Resolvents or Emol∣lients are applied in vain; the first consuming what is thin, leaving the remainder hard like a Stone; the latter, wanting strength and an at∣tenuating force, to divide the Matter into its smallest Particles: Nor can this be done by any thing but the Pus it self, which is both con∣tiguous

and continuous, with the remaining undigested Humor, being the nearest efficient, and of the same Species, and therefore only and alone able to cut, atte∣nuate, and prepare the re∣maining Matter.

XVI. Therefore, as soon as the Skin grows soft with the Matter in it, the Apo∣steme is to be opened, and, if the Patient be not fearful, with the Lancet or Knife, that such other proper Re∣medy as Nature requires may be applied, lest the pu∣rulent Matter should corrupt other parts or Vessels with∣in; and the Incision or A∣pertive ought to be so large, as the nature of the part, and magnitude of the Aposteme require: Which if it be skil∣fully done, afflicts both less and a shorter time than a Cautery; and immediately also brings the desired help, without any prejudice to ei∣ther side, the Skin being on∣ly cut in a right line; where∣as a Caustick will ('spight of all prevention) extend it self both lengthways & breadth∣ways; whence many times arises cruel pains, and great inflammation, both in the parts immediate, and those adjacent to the Caustick, and so leave a large Eschar; which is not only long in falling off, but the part laid bare, is slowly and with dif∣ficulty restored.

XVII. Moreover, Tumors which keep the native Co∣lour of the Flesh and Skin, and but slowly maturate, sel∣dom grow copped or rise much; (as in our Example of an Aposteme in the Leg, at Sect. 3. aforegoing;) and therefore you must not wait for a head before you open it.

XVIII. If you open an A∣posteme near some internal Cavity, as the Breast, or Abdomen, you must whol∣ly reject Injections made with a Syringe, left some part of it should enter into the Cavity, where it might not only cause grievous Symptoms, but also prove the death of the Sick.

XIX. Apostems in the E∣munctories, Throat, and

behind the Ears, ought to be opened rather too soon, than to stay for a full ma∣turation; not only because ill Symptoms many times succeed, but Life it self is lost: Of which Fabricius Hildanus gives you some ex∣amples, which are worth noting.

XX. A certain Woman in this City had an Aposteme on her left side, near the Reins of her Back, so that when ripe, it covered partly the Side, partly the Back, and partly the Hip, being as large as an ordinary Four∣penny-loaf. This had been twelve or fourteen Weeks a gathering; several Physici∣ans and Chyrurgions were entertained, and many things were done without any profit to the Patient; nor indeed could they all tell what the Disease was. At length the Aposteme ap∣parently manifested it self; they were then consulted about opening of it, but none of them was willing to do it, they all fearing her immediate death. At length I was sent for, to view it; it was a great and wonderful Tumor, and not without apparent ha∣zard and danger; yet it was my Opinion it should be opened, (for as the Proverb is, While there is Life, there may be hope;) the Patient consented to it, and I did it: There was near two Quarts of digested Matter gathered together; (for the timerousness of the Physi∣cians and Chyrurgions had kept it too long from being opened) this Matter I eva∣cuated by degrees; I took out almost a Pint at the first, (giving the Sick immedi∣ately a Dram, or two, of my Aqua Bezoartica, to support her Spirits,) and in about five or six Days time, the whole substance of the Pus was evacuated. And finding that it had made no inroads into the cavity of the Abdomen, I soon clean∣sed the Ulcer, and in less than six Weeks time left the Patient perfectly well.

XXI. Hence it is to be observed, That though an Aposteme may sometimes

happen to be in a dangerous place, and withal, through either the neglect, timerous∣ness, or unskilfulness of the Artist, the Apertion has been too long deferr'd, whereby apparent danger is imminent; yet the learn∣ed Physician should pru∣dently put on so much Courage, as to leave nothing unattempted towards the saving of the Sick, so long as there is Life, and the case only doubtful.

XXII. Some Authors say, That Abscesses, or Apo∣stemes may be discussed af∣ter they are suppurated; two Exmaples of which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 brings, Observat. 473, & 474. Where one Pomeret cured a suppurated Apo∣steme in his Daughter, a∣bout eight years of Age. The Aposteme was (saith he) on the out-side of her nether law, on the right∣side of her Face, and sup∣purated. He, (from the Authority of Guido, who saith, That suppurated Apo∣stemes, are sometimes eured by discussion, and from the Experiment of Paraens, who also averrs, that he had cu∣red a suppurated Aposteme, with crude Mercury, mix'd with Diapalma Emplaster, which discussed the same,) he, I say, in imitation of them, mixed a Dram of Mer∣cury, with an Ounco of Dia∣palma, and applied it to the said suppurated Tumor, and within four days he affirms it was perfectly discussed. He also saith, that he did the same thing again on the same Daughter, who having an Oedematous or Flegmatick Tumor suppurated upon the Region of her Lions, as big as the palm of one's Hand, it was discust within a few days by the same Plai∣ster. But in order to the performance of this, it is re∣quired, 1. That the suppu∣rated Matter be small in quantity. 2. That it be thin and serous. 3. That it be near the Skin, and not in any deep part. 4. That it be in a soft-fleshed, strong and youthful Body. 5. That it also be in the Summer sea∣son of the year.

XXIII. These are great Authorities, and so much as

they may do upon their own score, may force a kind of belief: But a Mind exercised with Reason, and desirous of Truth, can hardly enter∣tain them, besides the hazard and danger that may follow after such an Operation; for where think you must that mass of Putrefaction go, if it be discust? The whole substance of it cannot pass through the pores of the Skin; if any thing, only the thin and watery part can pass: The thick putrified Matter, if it dissolves, must revert either into the Blood or solid Substance of the Flesh, or both; which can∣not but corrupt the Body, and fill it full of ill Humors springing from such a cor∣rupt Seed of Diseases, whence Tettars, Ringworms, Mor∣phew Scruf, Leprosie, King's Evil, Scurvy, Pains, Aches, Lameness, even an Army of attendent Diseases will pos∣sibly succeed. So that if the thing may be possible, I scarce think it prudent to attempt such a Work. Nor does it yet appear by all that these Men have said, that any such thing has been done, for the Tumors not being opened, their Judg∣ments might deceive them; and they may take that for granted, which never was: A very admirable Example of this kind I could instance, of a pretty large Aposteme (as it was thought) by seve∣ral Physicians and Chyrur∣gions, my self being present there also: The Man had been in much pain, but now was pretty easie: The Chy∣rurgeons were for opening of it, as judging it to be sup∣purated; but the Patient's being easie would not per∣mit it; he only kept it cove∣red with a Diapalma Plaster, and in a Months time, the Tumor was discust, and the Sick well. Now I am of Opinion, that here was no suppurated Aposteme. How∣ever, from the aforesaid Ob∣servations of those learned Men, this may be noted: 1. That a Mercurial Em∣plaster applied to several sorts of Tumors, may be ex∣ceeding useful, more espe∣cially if they be not suppu∣rated. 2. That it is possible the wisest Artist may be de∣ceived by appearances in

Diseases of this kind, where the insides of Things are not seen into, though many times they may judge right. Salmon.

XXIV. Moreover, The declension of the Fibres are heedfully to be observed in opening an Aposteme, that you may not cut cross them: For, as Rolfincius observed, an ignorant Barber opening an Aposteme on the fore∣head, did it cross-ways: 'Tis true, the Ulcer was cured; but the Patient was ever af∣ter deprived of the benefit of his Eyes, except when he pasted up his Eyebrows with Plasters.

XXV. If pain seize any part of the Body, and you fear that Matter is gathered there; if the Sick sweats, and the pain continue, 'tis po∣sitively to be concluded; and though the colour of the part be not changed, yet it must be opened to let out the Matter; which if it be but little, it may well e∣nough, and without any prejudice, run all out at once, which is ready to run with∣out pressing; and pressing indeed is to be avoided, (because it many times does hurt,) unless the Pus or Matter be lodg'd in some re∣mote place from the Orifice.

XXVI. In opening of an Aposteme upon the But∣tocks, you must be careful not to cut the great Nerve which lies under, or lay it bare, lest it be hurt by cold; for thereby it will leave the Thigh for ever after be∣numbed.

XXVII. Sylvius saith, that a∣mong all things which move or promote the excretion of Matter, antimonial Medi∣cines are most to be com∣mended: For (saith he) I have often observed, that they have a Virtue to cor∣rect all Evils brought on the Body by Matter, and to hinder the production of new: Because Antimony is not less serviceable to the purification of Man's Body, than it is to that of Gold, if it be rightfully prepa∣red and administred. An∣timonium Diaphoreticum, more especially Bezoar Minerale)

stop the continual generati∣on of Matter from corrupt Blood; and any other alte∣rative Medicine made of Antimony, especially the Balsam, made according to Art out of its Flowers. Bal∣samum Sulphuris Anisatum, is also good for the same.

XXVIII. And to this pur∣pose I commend my Ange∣lus Mineralis, or my Piluloe Anglicoe; if given according to the Directions in my Phy∣laxa Medicinoe, Lib. 1. cap. 42, & 53. For they not only stop the Flux of Matter to to the part, hinder the ge∣neration of new, but also dispose the whole habit of the Body, and all Humors thereof to a healing tem∣per.

XXIX. If there be an in∣ward Aposteme, Nature commonly breaks it; yet things proper for the same ought to be given; for which purpose some com∣mend Anisated Balsam of Sul∣phur: When it is broken and become an Ulcer, it is clear∣ly and fully cured by taking for some time or continu∣ance Antimonium Diaphore∣ticum, or Bezoar Minerale, or some other more effectual refined Medicine made of Antimony, whose Elixir, Magistery Essence, or Pow∣ers, will perform things won∣derful, although they seem incredible to most, not on∣ly in curing this Disease, which is dangerous and hard to be cured, but also other like Distempers which may at any time seize the Vi∣scera.

XXX. Some Men com∣mend the Juice of Water-Cresses, as also the Juice of Garden Cresses, strained, and drank, for the speedy breaking of inward Apo∣stemes in the Body. This is good: Take Mustard∣seed, grind it well with Wa∣ter; then with a sufficient quantity of Water, wash out the Virtue from it, which Water sweeten with Ho∣ney, and drink it.

XXXI. To ripen also an external Tumor, you may apply a Cataplasm made of Water cresses, and Garden∣cresses beaten up with Hogs

Lard: A Cataplasm also of Goose-dung fresh and hot, or of Pidgeons or Hens dung will do the same. Or this: Take Cresses cut and brui∣sed well, Goose dung, Hens dung, Pidgeons dung, ana one handful; Goose-grease eight Ounces; with Pouder of Aron-Roots, make a Cataplasm. See my Synopsis Medic. Lib. 3. cap. 24. sect. 30.

CHAP. XIV. Of the THRVSH.

I. 'T Is certain, That every Thrush has its rise from a morbifick Acid; and that is the true Reason they are so frequent in Children; and in Children, rather than in those of riper Age; and this is first caused either from ill Milk in the Nurse, spoiling the Stomach of the Child, or from a natural Weakness of the part, and sharpness of Humors there; which curdling the Milk, breeds or encreases the acid Humor so much, 'till it comes to that acidity, as to cor∣rode the Skin; so that the Mouth and parts adjacent, seem as if it was a part scal∣ded, and in some, as if it was scalded, and the Skin rubb'd off.

II. The first thing therefore to be considered in the Cure, is to absorb the acid Humor, and that with all the speed that may be: For the soreness of the Mouth, though it be bad enough, yet is not that which indicates the greatest danger; inasmuch as the acid Humor may be carried down into the Bowels, and do the same thing there, at least cause gripings, sharp prickings of the Bowels, and sometimes a vehement Flux, if not a bloody Flux; which does not always go alone, but are many times atten∣ded

with dire Symptoms, as Convulsions, Fevers, and the like.

III. It is also to be noted, That where this acid Matter or Spirit extravagantly pre∣vails in little ones, by reason of the softness and ductileness of the parts, the said acid penetra∣ting, and through a thousand Intricacies acscending up to the Brain, being volatilized by the infant-heat and subtilty of the Spirits, it strikes upon the Ventricles of the Brain, and seizing as it were upon the Substance of the Brain, contaminating all the ani∣mal Spirits with its acidity, it forthwith causes an Epi∣lepsie: And this is the true ground of this Disease, which so often and so much af∣flicts Children, which might easily be preyented in the beginning, were but care timely taken to depress the acid, and sweeten the juve∣nile Juices.

IV. The next thing is, to expel the Excrements or Mat∣ter contaminated with the acid: We must not only correct or absorb the acid Humor, but the Matter affected therewith must be expelled; for otherwise it will lie both in the Bowels and Vessels, and there corrupt or grow sowre again; and indeed it easily resumes its former state.

V. The acid is corrected with Alcalies, and such indeed are best, which may best, and with most ease and the least danger, be given to Children: Such are impalpable Pouders of Crabs Eyes, Pearls, Corral, Salt of Tartar, Lapis Haema∣titis, Antimonium Diapho∣reticum, Bezoar Minerale, Cin∣nabar of Antimony; which last being levigated into sub∣til Powder, is a most abso∣lute thing. Out of these things you may make the following Prescriptions, or the like.

VI. Take impalpable Pou∣der of Crabs Eyes, from one Scruple to half an Ounce; Sy∣rup of Poppies two Drams; mix for a Dose. Or this: Take Bezoarticum Minerale one Scruple; Syrup of Poppies or of Planiane, enough to ma∣lax it for one Dose. Or this: Take Antimenium 〈◊〉〈◊〉

ten Grains, Cinnabar of Antimony one Scruple: All be∣ing in fine Pounder, let them be given in a little Milk. Or this: Take Bezoar Mine∣rale, Cinnabar of Antimony in impalpable Pounder, ana fifteen Grains; mix for a Dose. And some of these things are to be taken Morning and Night for four or five days. These Doses are for elder Persons; but if for Chil∣dren, you must diminish the Dose accordingly, Ex. Gr. Take Bezoar Minerale four Grains, Cinnabar of Antimony eight Grains; mix for a Dose. Or this: Take Salt of Tartar eight Grains, Cinnabar of An∣timony six Grains; mix them.

VII. To carry off the morbi∣fick Matter, the vulgar Physi∣cians commonly purge Chil∣dren with Syrup of Ci∣chory with Rheubarb; and it may do indifferent well: But Purges which cool the Body are here to be chosen. Take Manna half an Ounce, Extract of Cassia one Dram; mix for a Dose: Or the Man∣na may be made into a Sy∣rup with Water, and the Cassia dissolved therein: Or two or three Drams of Cassia, with two or three drops of Oil of Anniseeds, may be given dissolved in Milk. Or this: Take Sena from half a Dram to a Dram, Liquorice bruised half a Dram, Anniseeds one Scruple bruised; infuse twelve hours in a gentle heat in two Ounces, or better, of Water; strain out, and sweeten with Manna. Or this: Take Sena, Liquorice bruised half a Dram; Anniseeds, Ca∣raways, ana ten Grains; infuse as before in Water two Ounces for twelve hours; strain and dissolve therein Cas∣sia extracted from half a Dram to a Dram, and give it for a Dose. But if it be to be given to one of riper years, you must double, treble, or quadruple the Dose accor∣ding to Age and Strength.

VIII. Fat and oily Things take off the edge of the acid; but Opiates do it much better: For this purpose you may give from ten to fifteen or twen∣ty drops of my Guttae Vitae, in any thing the Child drinks, at bed-time; I have found it very prevalent. It not on∣ly blunts the points of the

acid, and dulls the edge of the sharp Homor, but gives Nature rest and ease, 'till she can recruit her self again; as also it puts a present stop to the flux of the Humor to the sore or raw parts: Elder Persons may take my Lau∣danum Volatile, from three to six Grains, beginning with the smaller Dose first. They that cannot swallow a Pill, may take ten or twelve Grains of my new London Treacle, in any fit Vehicle. These things thicken the fluid acid, so that it cannot approach with that violence to the di∣seased parts.

IX. But whereas Opiates strangely disagree with some People, my Tinctura ad Ca∣tarrhos answers all the Inten∣tions both of sweetening and stopping the flux of the said Hu∣mour; and it may be given even to Children with a world of safety and securi∣ty, from half a Dram to one or two, in any proper Li∣quor which the Child will take. See it in my Phylaxa Medic. Lib. 2. Cap. 9. Sect. 2. &c.

X. If an Epilepsie or Con∣vulsion be present, or feared, you may give with it, from ten Grains to fifteen or twenty, of Cinnabar of Antimony, or from six Grains to twelve of the native Cinnabar levi∣gated into a very subtil Pou∣der, purging presently after with some of the things be∣fore named.

XI. If the Child be taken with a vomiting withal, it cer∣tainly shews the foulness and dissaffection of the Stomach; and then you must cleanse it with the most innocent Gilla Theophrasti, or the Salt of Vitriol, given to fifteen or twenty Grains; which has this Property in it, not only to cleanse the Ventricle of the sharp and acid Humor causing the Thrush, but also even to heal the places al∣ready raw. And in those of ripe years, it is a most ad∣mirable thing, if given from two Scruples to a Dram, in Broth, or some such-like.

XII. Sylvius de le Boe saith, be prefers a metallick or mineral Sulphur fixt above all; in comparison of which, no∣thing

(saith he) that I have hitherto tried, does so kind∣ly, certainly, speedily, and safely restrain those vicious effervescencies: But what those Sulphurs are, or how (in his sense) to be prepa∣red, he has no-where told us. I am well satisfied, that the Sulphur of Antimony, if well made, is a most ad∣mirable thing: But then it must be given to Men, and not to Infants. Truly, I cannot tell whether it may safely be given to Children in any Dose whatsoever, or no, especially as it is now made. There is a Sulphur of Antimony that I know, which may be so prepared, as it may be given to little ones without danger, but that is no where to be sold that I can tell of.

XIII. Among the rest of the ordinary Remedies Lac Sulphuris is no mean thing; and it may be given to In∣fants, as well as to elder Per∣sons, with a very great ad∣vantage.

XIV. Topicks must be also used to the mouth, throat, and afflicted parts; among which, elder Persons may use this: Take white Vitriol, Roch A∣lum one Scruple, Plantane or Spring-water four Ounces; mix, dissolve, and sweeten with Sugar, for a Gargarism. But Children, to whom it can∣not so easily be used, must have the juice of baked Tur∣neps to wash withal, or swal∣low down; or the juice of Parsneps baked with Milk. These things are Balsams in their kind; and besides their healing Property, have a fa∣culty of sweetning and ta∣king off the edge of the acid.

XV. Moreover, you may if you please, sweeten these Juices with Honey, or Syrup of Roses; both which still contribute to the healing of the sore and raw mouth: And if the Child has discretion enough, it ought to hold the same in its mouth for some time: And to these things you may add Syrups of Violets, Jujubes, Liquorice, Lettuce, juice of Pur∣slane, &c, for that they all blunt (as it were) the edge of the sharp Humor, and withal contribute to hea∣ling.

XVI. But that which is more observable and remar∣kable, (but only for Persons of ripe years,) is, the use of Spirit of Wine, or pure Brandy; for that only held in the mouth, (and sometimes Gar∣gled with,) for two or three minutes at a time, and that four or five times a day, and then spit out, certainly heals and cures the afflicted parts to a miracle. And though it may smart much at first, it is vehement but for a while, viz. for the first two or three times using of it, afterwards it is easier, and at length the parts are, as it were, pleased and refreshed with the use thereof; and in the end it perfectly heals them: And this it does not do only from its balsamick Property, but also as it is an Alcaly, and absorbs the acid in the Ulcer.

XVII. Sylvius commends the Yolk of an Egg, mixt with a little Rose-water and Sugar; for that it draws to it the acid Humour that hurts the Sto∣mach; and so by degrees 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the parts affected, and promotes the falling of the Thrush; you may use it as the Turnep and Parsnep-Juice: Concerning both which Juices, you are to note this; That they correct the evil Ferment both in Sto∣mach and small Guts, where∣by the acid effervescency is hindred, and the Disease the sooner cured.

XVIII. While the Thrush is ripening, to wit, gradually falling from the afflicted parts, a new Cuticle grows under it, and covers the place; and al∣though this follows of its own accord, by the Benefit of the Medicines now com∣mended, yet it will be pro∣moted by Syrup of Red Roses, Honey of Roses, and the like: Also Powder of fine Bole, Ter∣ra Sigillata, Crabs Eyes, &c. mixt with fair Water and Sugar, or Honey, and held for some time in the mouth, promote the healing.

XIX. This is also obser∣vable, That as in the curing of other Ulcers, Driers are used; so on the contrary much spitting is good here, as if the Patient was in a Flux; for then it is

cured with the more speed and ease. In other Ulcers, things that temper the acid Acrimony, and then dry, are used: In this, you must use such things as may temper the said Acid, but withal moisten.

XX. AEtius commends Galls beaten and boiled in Water; the strained Decoction made in∣to a thick Syrup with Honey; being rubbed upon the place, it is good. Others commend a Decoction of Cinquefoil Roots: You may also, if you please, use the Leaves too. A De∣coction of Savory in Wine, is said to do it in two or three days. If it be malignant, Hercules Saxonia, used Lixi∣vium of Tartar, or Vitriol-Water, by which he con∣quered them. Joel first washes the part well, then lays on this: Take Honey of Roses half an Ounce, Oil of Vitriol one Dram; mix and make a Li∣niment. This, he says, is a present Remedy, whether in old or young.

XXI. Goclenius advises, for a Thrush in children, this: Take Roch Alum, Sugar, ana half an Ounce; boil in Plan∣tane water; add Juice of Mul∣berries a sufficient quantity; mix, and wash the mouth often with it. But Riverius saith, that the best and only Remedy, is Spirit of Vitriol or Sulphur, (if there be no Inflammati∣on,) which in those that are grown, may be used alone: Dip a little Cotton, bound to the end of a stick, in it, and give the Sore a light touch; for so a simple Thrush is cured in a moment.

CHAP. XV. Of a QUINSEY.

I. A Quinsey is an Inflam∣mation of the Muscles of the Jaws and Throat, which being swelled, do stop and contract the passages of Breathing and Swallowing: This Inflammation possesses both Pharynx and Larynx: The Pharynx or Fauces, is the hinder and lower part of the Mouth, which can∣not be seen, unless the Mouth be opened wide, and the Tongue held down, being the beginning of the Mouth of the Gullet, (and by some for that Reason is called the Throat:) Its substance is fleshy, performing its at∣tractive motion by strait Fibres, and its expulsive by such as are Orbicular; it con∣tains two Bones, the Os Hy∣oides, and the Lambdoides: It has also four Cartilages; two somewhat great, long, and round, in the Belly of the Os Hyoides, and two les∣ser, adjacent to the Horns thereof; as also, four pair of Muscles. The Larynx is the head, or upper part of the Wind-pipe, situate in the Neck, and that in the middle thereof, being but one in Number, that there might be but one Voice, of a roundish Figure, that it might be hollow for the Voices sake, which is strait in Youth, whereby the Voice is shrill, but larger in elder Persons, whereby the Voice is bigger, and more gross, and contains seven pair of Muscles, five Grisles: Veins from the In∣ternal Jugular; Arteries from the larger branch of the Ca∣rotides, or sleepy Arteries and Nerves, from the Re∣current Branch of the Par Vagum, which help on the motion of the Muscles; as also Membranes contiguous with, and continued from the Membranes of the Trachea.

II. I thought it absolutely necessary to give a small De∣scription of the Parts, which this Disease possesses; for that their Anatomical Structure being understood, the Di∣sease is made something the more intelligible to the Mind; wherein the danger of it lies, (which is always great) the extremity of the Torment, (almost unex∣pressible,) and some Light is added to the ways and means of Curing, which ought to be as speedy and hasty, as the Disease is dan∣gerous and exquisite.

III. A Quinsey is also said to be two-fold, viz. either True, or Bastard: The True is when the Muscles, and other parts of the Throat and Jaws, are not only in∣flamed and swelled in∣wardly, but the outward parts of the Neck are swel∣led outwardly also, which is always accompanied with a Fever: The Bastard is on∣ly an outward Swelling of the Throat, Tumifying and Inflaming the Muscles there∣of, and parts adjacent there to, but ever without a Fe∣ver.

IV. Almost all Authors say, That it is always caused of Blood; and some, That it is caused of Blood mixt with other Humours; But Experi∣ence has taught us, That it is only a Flux of Humours to the Parts, which filling them with their Passages, puts the Life into peril: And this is eminently ap∣parent in such as are opened, or where they break, the Matter flowing forth, de∣monstrating that it is only the product of conflucting Humours of divers kinds, raised for the most part from Cold taken, which putting the said Humours in∣to a Fermentation and Flux, in a febritick habit of body, send them up to the Throat, and parts thereabouts, espe∣cially if there be also a na∣tural weakness of those parts attending.

V. Physicians, for the most part, begin this Cure with Blood-letting; and if ever Blood-letting be reasonable and necessary to be done, it ought

to be done here; because, (though by that operation you cannot empty the Mat∣ter congregated, yet) by drawing a pretty quantity of Blood away you will in some measure empty the said parts of the sanguinous Hu∣mour appendent thereto, and probably take away the imminent danger and peril of Life, which in this Disease is so usual. By this means a revulsion being made, the afflux of Humours to the part affected, is in some measure stopt.

VI. For as in other Inflam∣mations, Blood is let, not in respect of that Matter which has already caused an Aposteme in the part, but for preservati∣on's sake, in respect to the Matter yet flowing, and in∣creasing the Inflammation: And so here they prescribe Phlebotomy in the beginning, lest the Inflammation, con∣tinually increasing (before other Remedies could be seasonably applied) by the continual afflux of Humors, a present Suffocation should emerge.

VII. But if the Tumor be not very great, or while the Sich can yet indifferently swal∣low, it is good to make other Evacuations; and the Sick may now the better bear them, because the great danger in this Disease pro∣ceeds not so much from the weakness of the Body, as the oppression and hurt of a singular part. Now the Question is, Whether this Evacuation ought to be by Vomit, or by Stool, or by both.

VIII. Some are for Vomi∣ting, others are against it; for that, as they say, it draws the Humours still upwards to the Throat. To which we Answer, That a Vomit on∣ly draws the Humors into the Stomach, and does no∣thing more than expel them by the Throat: And if the Humours from most of the adjacent parts congregate in the Stomach, ('tis no mat∣ter whether they be at∣tracted or sent,) 'tis possible the Fauces, and parts adja∣cent to them, may in some manner be emptied by this

kind of revulsion or deriva∣tion, (chuse you whether:) But this is to be considered, that this kind of operation ought to be only in such as easily Vomit, and are not naturally averse to it, and while yet the Passages are so wide, as indifferently to let the Matter pass through. If otherwise, you will cause a Suffocation instead of an E∣vacuation, and kill the Pa∣tient instead of Curing.

IX. Among many others, I remember two special Examples of Cures of a Quinsey, which I did by Vomiting. In the first, it so effectually evacuated the Matter, that the Inflam∣mation abated immediately, and the Tumor disappeared, and wholly went away, without any other operation, or intention of Cure: In the other, by reason of the straining of the parts, and violence of Vomiting, the Tumor (being come to ripeness) broke in the very act of Vomiting, and the Patient had an immediate relief; the remaining part of the Cure being done af∣ter the manner of a common Ulcer.

X. But Evacutions by Stool, may much better and safer be performed; and though many times Purging does not wholly do the Cure, yet it for the most part evites the Peril, which is the prin∣cipal matter in this Cure; for that Nature it self would perform the work alone, if Suffocation did not prevent it.

XI. In this case it may be demanded, that if Purging be necessary, What kinds of Pur∣ges those are which ought to be used in this case: To which I Answer; Such as are strong and violent, that a sufficient derivation may be made downwards: For if you Purge, and it be so weakly as not to derive the Matter, you do nothing: You are to remember that the danger of Life is pre∣sent, and therefore that it is necessary, by violence and force to draw back the peccant Matter.

XII. In order to this, the Extract of Colocynthis (made with Water by long boyling)

is of most note: You may give it from five Grains to twelve or fifteen, in strong Bodies: It Purges admi∣rably, and carries off the morbifick Cause to a won∣der. Or this: Take of the said Extract eight Grains, Ex∣tract of Aloes (made with Water) one Scruple; mix for a Dose, It diverts excellent∣ly, and derives the Blood to the lower parts. Or this; Take of the Extract of Aloes one Scruple, of Colocynthis eight Grains, of Turbethum Minerale four Grains; mix for a Dose. This ought to be given only to strong Bo∣dies, but where it may be given, or does prevail, it does wonders.

XIII. If any should Object, That by reason of the Turbith Mineral, the Humors would flow to the Throat the more, where they already are too much, and so augment the Di∣sease; we answer, No. The briskness of the Catharticks would make its whole Ef∣fects downwards, while that, by its melting Property, it dissolves the near or con∣join'd Cause of the Disease, and so carry all off by stool: But suppose it should be otherwise, it would yet put the Sick out of peril; for if its effects were upwards, so as to cause a Flux, it must needs open the mouths of the salivatick Vessels, and so take away the Disease that way, which is as ratio∣nal as can be proposed.

XIV. I care not greatly if I relate a History of this kind, done by a Mountebank in this City: A young Man having an exquisite Quinsey, sent for this Man; who coming to view him, and looking up∣on his Throat, and not knowing or apprehending what his Disease was; but mistaking in his Judgment, and thinking it to be the Pox, gave him a lusty Dose of Turbith Mineral, in a Dram of Mithridate: This (the Hu∣mours being beforehand in Flux, and filling those parts) in fifteen or sixteen hours time, put him into a severe Flux, and in less than twenty four hours, put him out of the peril of Death; for he spit out the Cause of the Disease, and fluxing twenty two or

twenty 〈◊〉〈◊〉, was per∣fectly cured without any more to do. Had he truly known the Disease, it must have been accounted a very bold and rash attempt, and not, with safety, to be ad∣ventured; but as as it fell out, it proved very fortu∣nate and succesful; for though the Sick had a great deal of trouble and pain, yet he did very well at last. You know what the Proverb is, There is no Carrion will kill a Crow.

XV. Seeing therefore, that a Quinsey is a most acute Disease, & that sometimes it takes away a man in one day, the great remedies are to be used with mighty care and diligence. Riverius advises immediately to let Bloud, and that to twenty, twenty four, or thirty Ounces, but by degrees, on that side most afflicted: Saxonia and Rol∣fincius advises, to have it done under the tongue. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in a desparate Quin∣sie opens the Jugular Veins. In these things, you must exercise your Reason. Some are for bleeding in the Leg or lower parts; others for the Arm, because they say it makes better Revulsion, and causes less weakness.

XVI. In giving inward Re∣medies, you ought to let them be in the form of a Potion, not of a Pill or Bolus, because of the difficulty of swallowing; and if the Sick should be pro∣voked to vomiting, by rea∣son of the force, the strait∣ned Passage, and solid Mat∣ter of the Medicine, it might hazard strangling.

XVII. If you bleed the Pa∣tient, you may purge him the day following, (net waiting for the Coction of Humors, because the Disease admits of no Truoe;) yea, if it be very violent, you ought to purge even the same day. Syden∣ham saith with gentle Me∣dicines; (but it is like a great many more of that Gentle∣man's Mistakes;) I say, it must be with strong, and such as may divert power∣fully downwards; (for this Experience has taught me, and I have saved many Lives by it; whereas had I trifled with gentle Things, my sick Patients had been infallibly

lost.) To these Things you may add emollient and ca∣thartick Clysters, which ve∣ry much derive and pro∣mote the Cure.

XVIII. When the Aposteme is come to ripeness, it would be well that Nature would break it alone; if not, to save Life, it ought to be opened. Barbet tells us of a Quinsey which he cured by opening the Apo∣steme: It was a Woman; her Tonsils were so swelled, that she could not swallow at all, but threw whatever she took out at her Nostrils: He let her Blood, used Ca∣taplasms and Gargarisms; and the fourth day as he was searching the part with a Probe, saw that the Abscess was ripe: he resolved to treat her somewhat roughly; with∣out giving her any warning, he brake it with the same Probe; upon which, when she was cured, she laugh'd, and commended his Indu∣stry.

XIX. If the Aposteme be in no hopes of sudden breaking, to save Life, opening the Throat may be attempted; which is called Laryngotomy: It is sel∣dom put in practise for fear of Disgrace, if the Patient should die soon after the Operation is ended. For if in a dangerous Quinsey where the Lungs are ob∣structed with Humors, or the Pleura is afflicted, or those Parts be any way in∣flamed, in these cases, it is for the most part done in vain, and only gives occati∣on of Reproach.

XX. The Operation is thus performed: Put the Patient into a Chair with his head leaning back, as much as he well can; let a Servant, stand∣ing behind him, take up the Skin on each side of the sorepart of the Neck; then let the Artist cut the Skin lengthways, with the Mus∣cles under it, just against the Aspera Arteria, not far from the pit of the Throat, and with a broad Lancet let him make a Section, in the mid∣dle space, between the third and fourth Cartilaginous Ring, taking diligent care that the Cartilages them∣selves be not hurt: And ha∣ving made a hole, he must

put in a Silver Pipe, not over long, nor to touch the back part of the Wind-Pipe, for then it would cause con∣tinual coughing. By this way the Breath goes and comes to the Lungs, 'till the Inflammation is either dis∣persed, or comes to Suppu∣ration, and a passage for breathing by the mouth be restored, which usually comes to pass in three or four days. Then the Pipe may be taken away, and the Wound cured after the ordinary way, which will quickly be hea∣led.

XXI. When the Aposteme comes to Suppuration, that it either breaks of its own accord, or is opened by In∣strument, you must take care that the Corruption fall not upon the Lungs, nor into the Stomach, for fear of some other Disease; but it must carefully be cast up at the mouth; and then a Garga∣rism of Hydromel, or Wine and Honey of Roses, must be used to cleanse the parts.

XXII. Galen, and his Se∣ctators, use cold and astringent Gargarisms, in all sorts of Quinseys, contrary to the Pre∣cepts of Hippocrates, who prescribes Gargarisms actually hot: The former causes cer∣tain and speedy suffocation, if the congregated Matter be from Phlegm which re∣fuses Repercussives: And Humours extravasated, stic∣king in the Flesh, whilst thick cannot flow; there∣fore they are to be made Fluxile with hot Remedies. If one taken with a Quinsey, do (saith Wallaeus) in the beginning of the Disease, gargle with Spirit of Wine, all Inflammations will cease in about three hours time.

XXIII. There has been a great noise made in the World about the use of a Swallow's Nest, but the Virtue truly lies in the Dung which is found in the Nest: And because the Dung is full of nitrous Salt, 'tis possible it may have a specifick Virtue against this Disease; and though it is sharp, yet it is withal dis∣cutient, and therefore may be proper where the Disease arises from thick Phlegm. The Tincture of it may be

made with Wine, or Spirit of Wine and Water, and a Gargarism made thereof to be used four, five, or six times a day hot.

XXIV. Scultetus commends this highly in the beginning of any Quinsey whatsoever: Take Plantane Water three Ounces; sharp Wine-Vinegar one Ounce; Sugar two Drams; Saffron in Pouder half a Dram; mix and make a Gargarism, to be often used.

XXV. Platerus commends the Juice of Tree Ivy; swal∣lowed slowly from three Drams, to half an Ounce; for that it both digests and repels. Sennertus saith, that the Decoction of the inner Rind of the Hazle, or of the Barberry-wood, is excellent: So also a Decoction of Al∣der flowers and Leaves, with Jews-Ears, sweetned with Honey of Roses for a Gar∣garism: An Infusion of Mu∣stard-seed in Wine, is also an approved thing.

XXVI. Outwardly Things also ought to be applied to in∣duce the ripening; such as this: Take of our Antidote one Ounce; Hens Dung, Turpentine, Saf∣fron, ana one Dram; mix them, and apply it hot. Or this: Take a roasted or baked Turnep split in balves; moisten it well with Balsam of Am∣ber, and apply them on both sides the Jaws warm. But the old Remedy, you know, is Album Graecum, dried, pou∣dered, and mixed with Ho∣ney; to be applied as a Ca∣taplasm outwardly, and to besmear the parts withal in∣wardly.

XXVII. Some affirm, that the Ashes of an Owl, (burne in an earthen Pot,) being blown into the Throat, are a specifick against a Quinsie, softning it to admiration, and breaking of it. Others commend, as a great Secret, this: Take Ni∣tre half an Ounce; Cream of Tartar one Ounce; white Su∣gar two Ounces; make each into a fine Pouder, and mix them; which put upon the Part, leisurely to dissolve there; or make a Garga∣rism therewith, with this following Water: Take Juice of Housleek one Pound, Sal Ar∣moniack half an Ounce; dis∣solve

and filter through brown Paper.

XXVIII. I commend this following, as a thing I have had great Experience of: Take Wine half a Pint; Tinctura Stomachica a spoonful; mix, and give it for a draught. It dissipates the Inflammation, and by its heat it discusses the Tumor at three or four times using, provided it be used at the beginning: If used afterwards, it does good, either discussing the swelling or hastning the ma∣turation; it is certainly one of the best of Remedies in this kind; but at first, it seems to set on fire the whole Mouth and Throat, after∣wards it is more moderate.

XXIX. Among the number of the rest of the Things which I cannot enough commend, our Spiritus Anticolicus has place: In Extremity, the Parts ought to be smeared or moistened with it (with a Rag) alone; or you may mix a spoonful of it with three, four, five, or six spoon∣fuls of Wine, and gargle with it often warm, viz. five or six times a day.

XXX. When a Quinsey is in beginning, the only thing, and truly the best of Reme∣dies, is, to take about one ounce of our Spiritus Cosme∣ticus, in a Glass of Sack; this given two or three times, is indeed an admi∣rable Remedy; for it not only discusses or dissipates the Tumor, but it brings on a most necessary Dia∣phoresis, by which not only the afflux of new Matter is prevented, but the Disease and all its Relicks perfectly cast off.

CHAP. XVI. Of Deafness.

I. YOu ought to consider whether there be a perfect deafness, or a diffi∣culty of hearing only: If the deafness be perfect, so that the Patient can hear no∣thing, no not the very beat∣ing of Drums, nor the noise of Guns, or Cannon, the Tym∣panum, or Drum of the Ear, may be supposed to be bro∣ken; and therefore the Di∣sease to be incurable: In this case you ought to at∣tempt nothing; for you will reap nothing but Dis∣grace: But if with much ga∣ping, hollowing, or making a noise, the Patient can hear you, there is hopes, and you may hopefully make a trial.

II. If Deafness is either attended, or begun, with Pain, it is either through a sharp Vapour, or Matter, offending the Part: In this case, according to the Rule of Hippocrates, Sect. 4. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 48. you ought to evacuate by vomit: For Diseases (as he saith in another place) are to be discharged by the part next to them; and to be drawn out by that part that has a pas∣sage nearest to them. In Li∣bro de Affectibus, he advises, That if pain arises in the Ears, to wash in much hot water, and apply a fomentation to the Ears, that the Phlegm may be attenuated, and the pain eased; but if it cease not yet, an emetick Potion is then best to be used.

III. There are many kinds of Vomits prescribed by Physicians, as the Vinum Benedictum, Vinum Antimo∣niale, Aqua Benedict a Rulands, and a great many more of that kind, which, without doubt, may be profitably given: But there is no Vo∣mit, which I ever met with∣al, has out done, nay, scarce∣ly

equalled my Caetharticum Argenteum, which may be given from two Scruples to a Dram, in a little Posset∣drink, or Ale; or in place thereof, you may give from four to six Grains, of our Im∣petus Mineralis, in a little Conserve or Syrup, taking a large quantity of warm Broth after it.

IV. Now this is to be un∣derstood when the seat of the Phlegm, and cause of the Pain is above; but if it lies lower, or vomiting does no good, cooling things must be dropt in, and that actually cold, as Juice of Plantane, Fumitory, and the like; and a Potion or Pills must be given that purge downwards: Our Vinum Catharticum is here of excel∣lent use, if you give a Poti∣on; but if the Sick loaths a Potion, and you desire to use Pills, our Pilulae Mirabiles, are admirable, given from twenty Grains to half a Dram: If any thing can be said to exceed them, it is the Pilula Lunaris, given to six Grains; which I have several times given with success, even in this case, See these Medicines in my Phylaxa Med. Lib. 2. Cap. 59, 61, 62.

V. You ought also to con∣sider, whether the Pain and Deafness proceeds from a hot or cold cause, though what proceeds only from those simple Intemperatures, seldom lasts long; yet you ought to have some respect to them, because hot Me∣dicines in a hot Tempera∣ment influence the Body, as cold Medicines in a cold Temperament chill it, and so make the Disease worse.

VI. Though Opiates are accounted ill in a Deafness, yet if the Pain attending be very acute or sharp, there will be a necessity to dis∣pense with the Ill, for the Good that may ensue: And this is an Observation wor∣thy of remarking, That though Opiates are apt (if not to cause deafness, yet) to confirm or continue it, those ill effects seldom last much longer than the ta∣king of the Medicine: I have known some Patients

of mine, who being a little deaf afore-hand, upon libe∣rally taking of Opiates, have had their deafness seemingly very much augmented, yet upon the giving over the use of the same, have had their Hearing return again to satisfaction, and that with the advantage of grea∣ter acuteness; whereby it appears that Opiates do no essential injury to the Or∣gans of Hearing.

VII. If any Matter runs from the Ear, looking like the Matter of an Ulcer, you must be cautious how you use Repellers, lest the Mat∣ter strikes inward, or be driven to the Brain; (there∣by endangering an Apople∣xy,) or part of the Matter be dried and hardened in the cavity of the Ear, whereby not only greater Dangers may ensue, but at least the hazard of an incurable Deaf∣ness: And the same thing is to be understood in a critical Evacuation, or where the Matter is thick and tough, or there be an Aposteme breeding.

VIII. If the Pain and Deafness proceeds from a cold Cause, you may inject Juice of Onions into the Ear, or Goats or Sheeps Urine. Or this: Take Juice of Onions three Ounces, Spirit of Wine one Ounce; mix them, and drop it into the Ear, or inject it with a Syringe. Or this: Take Boys Urine new∣made two Ounces, Spirit of Wine one Ounce, in which six Grains of Camphire is dissol∣ved; mix, and inject it. These are excellent Medi∣cines in a cold Cause, and seldom fail, at least of giving ease.

IX. But if a hot Cause be present, though things absolutely cold may be given, yet hot things must positively be forborn; and things of an equal tempera∣ture are to be administred, such as these following: Take choice Canary four Ounces; Spirit of Wine one Ounce; Nitre in Pouder two Drams; mix, and drop it into the Ear. Or this: Take Juice of Plantane two Ounces; Juice of Purslane one Ounce; Juice

of Lettisce half an Ounce; Spi∣rit of Wine an Ounce and half; mix them. Or this: Take Juice of Cucumbers two Oun∣ces; Spirit of Wine one Ounce; mix them, to be dropt into the Ear.

X. If with the Deafness and Pain, there seems to be an Apostemation, Faventinus his Cataplasm of roasted or baked Onions, are usual to be applied. Or you may ap∣ply this: Take Pulp of roasted Onions, Mithridate, ana an Ounce; Saffron in Powder one Scruple; Spirit of Wine Gut. Thirty; mix, and apply it hot to the Ear. If it proceeds from a cold cause, it will warm and comfort the part, and hasten the Maturation of the Aposteme, if any be: If it proceeds from a hot Cause, it will open the pores of the parts adjacent, and cause a discussion of the Pain, and thin Matter offending. Or you may apply this: Talk Pulp of roasted or baked Onions two Ounces; our 〈◊〉〈◊〉 half an Ounce; Powers of Amber forty drops; mix, and apply it:

XI. In a Deafness, accom∣panied with vehement Pain, so as the Patient can take no rest, it is good to carry off the Matter with proper Medicines. I commonly give in this case some Doses of my Family-Pills: But if the Pain be extream indeed, then two or three Doses of my Pilulae Mirabiles, and ac∣cording as occasion requires, repeat the Dose five or six times, for they insensibly melt and dissolve the Mat∣ter causing the Pain, or make it fluid and movable; and then carry it off by stool: But withal Topicks ought to be applied in the mean season, to dispose the Matter in some measure to a Cure; such as this: Take Mithridate, or our Antidote, one Ounce; Balsam of Sul∣phur half a Dram; mix, and apply it.

XII. If the Ear once runs, you must promote the run∣ning of it, which may be done with Externals, after this manner: Take of our Antidote one Ounce; Balsam de Chili two Drams; Balsa∣mum

Arthriticum one Dram; mix, and apply it. You may also inject this in∣to it, which very much pro∣motes the Hearing: Take Venice Turpentine half an Ounce; Yelk of one Egg; grind them together in a Brass Mor∣tar very well; then add new Canary eight Ounces; Spirit of Wine two Ounces; mix for an injection. In the mean sea∣son let the sick be well pur∣ged with our Vinum Cathar∣ticum, at least five or six times; I have found it to be a Specifick in this case, and does that which an hundred seeming greater Medicines will not touch or come near.

XIII. I remember I had once a Patient, who had a Deafness, accompanied with so vehement Pain, that or∣dinary Remedies, whether inwards, or Topicks would do no good; and all Eva∣cuations by internal means, rather augmented the Pain; I was at length forced to give a Dose of my Volatile Laudanum; the sick began with three Grains, and in∣creased, it gradually 'till it came to seven Grains: This brought upon the Patient a large Diaphoresis, upon which they had some ease in a day or two's time, and in five or six days perfect ease; but the Deafness seemed to be greater: The Ear was wa∣shed with Spirit of Wine twice a day; and in about a Weeks time after the gi∣ving over the Opiate, the Hearing perfectly returned, which had been in a man∣ner lost for seven or eight Months before. After all, I purged the Patient with two or three Doses of Fa∣mily Pills.

XIV. I had a Patient, a Woman about fifty years of Age, who had been very deaf for above a year, and at times very much afflicted with Pains in her Ears: I cured her in about six Weeks time, by continually droping into her Ears, four or five times a day, our Guttae Vitae; and sometimes likewise gi∣ving her about fifty or sixty drops of it inwardly, in a Glass of Wine, at night go∣ing to bed.

XV. If an Inflammation be present, it may be aba∣ted by putting into the Ear Vinegar, mixt or ground with Oil: And though Vi∣negar alone would put the Part (especially nervous Parts) to pain, by its Acri∣mony, yet mixt or ground with Oil, and in a small quantity, it becomes harm∣less, and eases the Pain, al∣laying the heat and fierce∣ness of the bilious Humor.

XVI. An ancient Gentle∣woman, having a noise and ringing in her Ears, and sometimes a little pain, was cured by dropping into them once or twice a day, our Aqua Bezoartica, and stopping them with Cot∣ton dipt in the same; it dis∣sipated the flatulent Mat∣ter offending, and comfor∣ted the weakned Nerves.

XVII. Where Deafness is joined with vehement pain, and no Internals nor Topicks have yet been able to do good, there is a neces∣sity to apply Visicatories; for by this means a great quantity of the acid Humor, causing the Pain, and coa∣gulating the approximate Juices, inducing the Deaf∣ness, will be taken in a great measure away; and that is done many times with one Blister, which forty Purges and Vomits would not so well accomplish; the Suc∣cess of which, (having often tried this means,) I could not but commend to the Consideration of Artists.

XVIII. Whatever Medi∣cines you put into the Ear, be sure they be warm, (un∣less some great occasion re∣quire the contrary,) but not very hot; because the na∣tural temperature of the Ear is cold and dry: And be sure you put no new Medicine in, 'till they are cleansed from the filth of the former: The Sick ought to lie on the contrary side; and the Me∣dicament put in, ought not to exceed four or five drops at a time. The less unctu∣ous the Medicament is, so much the better; for when it is gotten into the Laby∣rinth of the Ear, it comes not easily out again: Things

more subtil and spirituous, are much to be preferred in this case, because they do their Work, and then go a∣way in Vapor.

XIX. Dropping in Things into the Ears may do, but syringing is much better, provided it be done with a fit Instrument, and a skil∣ful Hand: You ought not to syringe violently, but lei∣surely; lest by such a vio∣lence, the Tympanum should be broke, which would cause an incurable Deaf∣ness. Moreover, you ought to be very careful how you apply Topicks, 'till Univer∣sals are premised, though the afflux of the evil Humors be first abated.

XX. The passage of the Ear being very sensible, you must be careful that you use not sharp Things; yet Wallaeus boldly attempted the use of Unguentum 〈◊〉〈◊〉; and he saith, that therewith he cured a sore Ear that ran with purulent Matter for the space of eight years. And Petrus Johannes Faber saith, That Nitre dissolved in strong Vine∣gar, and often dropped into the Ears, quickly cures any ringing or noise in them.

XXI. Galen advises Opium dissolved to be put into the Ear; and Paulus dissolves it in Milk for that purpose: But these may be dangerous. If an Opiate be required, there is nothing better of that kind, than our Guttae Vitae, or Spiritus Anodynus; for by reason of the heat of the Spirit, and other Things joined with the Opium, the Optate can do no hurt; whereas otherwise it might stupifie, and much encrease the Deafness, and may de∣stroy the Instruments of Hearing. However, Opiates of any kind must be given, if the Sick be in danger of death by the Pain; because the saving of the Life of a Patient, is much greater than the Hurt, should it be a total and perpetual Deaf∣ness.

XXII. If 'tis certain there is an Aposteme, Authors say, You may use Juice of Crow∣foot, 'tis much commended;

but 'tis scarcely safe, because 'tis very hot and corrosive. If the Bone that is covered with the thin Membrane, be comes carious after such Suppuration, you must often drop into the Ear Spirit of Wine mixt with Honey of Roses. Marcellus saith, That Cows Milk two Ounces mixt with Honey one Ounce, being dropt into the Ear, and the Ear stopt presently with Wool or Cotton will won∣derfully heal the Ulcer, yea, though it were cance∣rous.

XXIII. Crato's Medicine for a Noise and Tingling of the Ears: Take bitter Al∣monds blanched an Ounce; White Hellebore, Castoreum, ana two Drams; Costus one Dram and half; Rue two Scruples, Euphorbium half a Dram; boil all in a sufficient quantity of Water for an hour, over a gentle Fire; then strain, and drop of it warm into the Ear three or four times a day.

XXIV. Sennertus advises to this: Take Ox-Gall, Goats Gall, Juice of Onions, ana four Ounces; Vinegar Twelve Ounces; mix, and put them over a Chafing-dish of good live Coals, and let the boiling Fume be taken up the Ear, through a Funnel.

XXV. A Deafness which had been of many years con∣tinuance, I cured with the Powers of Anniseedss drop∣ping them into the Ear; but I purg'd the Patient four times with my Pilulae Mirabiles; and drew several Blisters, both behind the Ears, and on other Places adjacent thereto.

XXVI. A poor Man had lost his Hearing, (as some thought by the Pox) falling into an Empericks hand, he cured him by fluxing him with the following Medi∣cine: Take Turbith Mineral eight Grains; Mithridate one Dram; mix for a Dose. It raised an effectual Flux, which continued twenty four Days; after which, the Patient heard as well as ever he did in all his life. Some may wonder at the Success, because that some have

wholly lost their Hea∣ring, or had it mightily de∣praved by this kind of Ope∣ration. But this is not to be wondred at, since that in some Bodies such Sulphurs abound, as are not only able to fix the Mercury, but also to condense or coagulate it, which mixt with the Hu∣mors (as it will be, if much of it be used,) coagulates or thickens all the morbifick Matter contained in the part, whereby the Organs or Passages are more firmly obstructed than before, and a perpetual Deafness suc∣ceeds.

CHAP. XVII. Of BUBOES.

I. A Bubo is a Swelling of the Glandules, whether in the Throat, Arm∣pits, or Groin; and they proceed either (1.) simply from the afflux of Humours caused by Cold, or some o∣ther Matter; (2.) Or are complicate with Poyson and Venom, as in the Plague or Pestilence, and French Di∣sease.

II. If it be a simple Bubo, and indeed let it arise from what Cause soever, whether simple or complicate, (if there be any hope of its breaking) you must wholly desist from Purging and Vomiting, for those Operations destroy the End of the Bubo, since Na∣ture thrustsout the offending Matter by those Emuncto∣ries, and the nature of Vo∣miting and Purging is to draw from the Circumfe∣rence to the Centre, where∣by the Bubo is hindred from rising, and coming to its perfection: In all these Ca∣ses Natures End in thrusting forth the Bubo ought to be promoted, which is best done by a sudorisick means, inwardly given, and strong Attractives and Suppuratives mixed outwardly.

III. In order to this end you may give some few Gr. of our Laudanum Volatile, or our Guttae Vitae; or if for some particular Reasons Opi∣ates are not to be given, the Diaphoresis is to be promoted with Antimonium Diaphoreti∣cum, or Bezoar Minerale; or with some more powerful Medicine, as is Mercurius Sudorificus, or our Angelus Mineralis, or Angelick Pills; or you may compound some∣thing after this manner: Take of our New London Treacle twelve Grains, Bezoar Mineralis sixteen Grains; mix for a Dose. Or this: Take of our Antidote one Scruple, Antimonium Diaphoreticum twenty five Grains; mix for a Dose, giving often one Ounce of our Aqua Be∣zoartica. The Patient is to be covered down warm in his naked Bed, and he ought to Sweat, as long as he can well endure it, or 'till Faintness; after which let him cool gradually, or by degrees. Where Opiates are wholly useless, give this: Take Bezoarticum Minerale one Scruple, Juice of Alkermes enough to mix it into a soft Bolus for a Dose.

IV. In the mean Season Topical Remedies are not to be omitted, such as this, Take Pulp of roasted Onions, Mithridate, Turpentine, soft Soap, soft Hens Dung, of each half an Ounce; Oyl of Amber two Drams, Salt ground fine one Dram; mix for a Cataplasm. Or this: Take Pulp of roasted Garlick, Balsam of Sulphur, Turpentine, Yolks of Eggs, Pidgeons Dung, ana half an Ounce; Oyl of Anniseeds two Drams; mix for a Cataplasm. Or this: Take Pulp of Aron Roots baked, Balsam of Sul∣phur, soft Soap, Pepper in fine Powder, Turpentine, ana half an Ounce; soft Soot six Drams, Oyl of Scorpions two Drams; Oyl of Juniper-berries one Dram; mix for a Cataplasm: These are to be applied, and renewed every twelve hours.

V. The general Rule is, That if the Bubo is not like to be disperst, then to pro∣mote the Suppuration; but if it be Venomous, chiefly Pestilential, you ought to use all your endeavours to

draw it out; for that, if it should revert, and the Poi∣son strike inwards, the Pa∣tient would be almost infal∣libly lost: And in other Bu∣boes, not Venomous, if they be not brought out, it has been observed that after a little time, it happens that a new Bubo rises, either in the same, or some other part.

VI. In a Venereal Bubo, where there is no danger of Death, you ought to observe Natures motions; for if she thrusts forth the Bubo power∣fully, you ought to promote the Suppuration; but if it comes forth weakly, or looks not as if it would break, 'tis possible it may be carried off another way, more ad∣vantageous to the Patient.

VII. Moreover, in the Plague it self, where some∣times Buboes will yield to no Remedies, they must at last be left to Nature, especially if they create the Patient little or no trouble in walk∣ing, nor much pain, nor en∣danger Life. In this case it is not necessary to open those Tumors, for that Nature in some length of time can best digest them, whereas on the contrary, the hazard of an Incurable Ulcer may be run by unseasonable and violent opening of it; but these things ought to be considered with great Judgment and Pru∣dence, as the nature of the thing requires; for 'tis the poor Patient that must pay for all, who, if the Physici∣an mistakes, pays no less than his Life.

VIII. I cannot but con∣fess my dissent from the Learned Sylvius de le Boe, where he saith, That Pesti∣lential Buboes should, if pos∣sible, be discussed, otherwise be brought to Ripening and Suppuration: We say, on the contrary, that if possible they ought to be maturated or broken, and only left to Nature, or be discussed, when there is not Matter enough to promote the Sup∣puration. Maturation is much more safe in a Pesti∣lence than discussion, and indeed in all other cases, it is much better; however, Violence is not to be done,

against the general tenden∣cy of the morbifick Matter.

IX. The Cure (saith he) is to be performed by the same Medicines, wherewith the Swellings of the Con∣globated Glandules are usu∣ally cured, and always with respect to the Pestilential Poison, for which cause sake Treacle, Mithridate, and such like, which are good for it, ought ever to be ad∣ded to other things: To this purpose Distilled Oil of Harts-horn, Ox-horns, Rams∣horns, and Goats-horns, and other things which have a Volatile Oily Salt, may be mixt with common Medi∣cines. It is observed, That Unguentum Martiatum, mixt with Venice Treacle, is ex∣cellent to discuss or disperse, but that Diachylum cum Gum∣mi, promotes Suppuration. And unless the violence of the pain be urgent, you ought not to promote Sca∣rification of the Bubo. As soon as the Bubo is Suppu∣rated, the opening must be hastened, either with a Pen∣knife, or some breaking Me∣dicine; but the Pen-knife, or Incision-knife, is to be preferred.

X. After the Bubo is o∣pened, apply Balsamum Sul∣phuris Terebinthinatum, & Anisatum, with Unguentum Basilicon, or our Balsamum Amicum, and Andromachus Treacle; for by this means the Ulcer will be quickly cleansed, and the more se∣curely and happily healed; more especially if you ap∣ply a little Diapompholigos, or some such like, to hasten the Cicatrice.

XI. The aforesaid Sylvius disallows of Blistering, (tho' he allows of Cupping and Scarrifying,) from which, he saith, he could never ap∣prehend what good could be expected: On the con∣trary the Skilful Barbet, at the first clapt on (upon a Pestilential Bubo) a Vesica∣tory, although the Tumor be of no considerable big∣ness, neglecting Cupping∣glasses which he therefore rejected, because they cause much pain, and increase the Fever, draw out the good Humors as well as the bad,

and alter the whole Blood more: Within seven or eight hours, or so long time as is necessary for the Bli∣ster to rise well, it is cut, and Emplastrum Magneticum Arsenicale is applied, whose Virtue certainly is such in this case, that a more noble Medicine is not known, as will appear to any one that shall use it.

XII. The making of the Arsenical Magnet we have taught in our Pharmacopaeia Londinens. Lib. 4. Cap. 11. Sect. 54. to which I shall refer you. But the Magnet Plaster of Hartman, which was that which Barbet used, is this following: Take Gum Serapinum, Galbanum, Ammoniacum, ana three Oun∣ces; dissolve in Vinegar of Squills q. s. express through a Linnen Cloth, and by boyling, thicken them: Then take Wax, best Turpentine, ana four Oun∣ces, Pouder of the Arsenical Magnet three Ounces, Oyl of Amber two Ounces; mix the Wax and Turpentine with a gentle heat, remove it from the Fire, and stir it well, to bring it to the consistency of an Ointment, to which add the Gums afore prepared, with the Arsenical Pouder, and Oil of Amber, which mix well by much stirring, then make it up into Rolls, and keep it in Bladders anointed with Oil of Scorpions, for use. This dif∣fers nothing in the number of Ingredients from that of Angelus Sala's, save only he adds to the Composition, washed Earth of Vitriol one Ounce: That of Hofman's is thus made. Take Am∣moniacum, Galbanum, Saga∣penum, ana three Ounces, Wax, Turpentine, ana two Ounces and a half, Arsenical Magnet one Ounce and a half, Roots of Aron half an Ounce; dis∣solve in distilled Vinegar, boyl, and make an Emplaster. This latter may be used to Ru∣sticks and strong People, but for the more delicate and tender, the former is the better.

XIII. Barbet saith, That he has experienced these good Qualities in the said magnetick Emplaster, that if it be applied to a hard Skin, it produces not the least Eschar, and in the mean

time draws out the malig∣nant Humours, so egregi∣ously, that a Bubo, as big as a large Wallnut, is some times taken away in four or five Days times: But be∣cause this does not always succeed so quickly, a Vesi∣catory is first to he applied, that the Humors may the sooner be evacuated; and because that in robust Bo∣dies it will produce no Es∣char, a Blister ought there to be used, that not only the Cuticula, but some part of the Skin also may be corro∣ded first. But in Children, Ladies, and thin Skinn'd People, it will make an Es∣char, or raise a Scab of it self, without any Blistering afore-hand: This Scab is the true Seat of the Extra∣cted Poyson, wherefore it is found pretty thick, and the Skin only superficially corroded; which is a thing worthy to be considered, and may possibly be the reason why it is sooner sepa∣rated than any other Scabs raised by Art; for in thirty, or thirty six Hours it has fallen off by the help only of a Spatula, without any precedent Scarification. It may be used without any, or with but a very little pain, if to the Anti-pestilential Plaster you add a little Basi∣licon, or Treacle.

XIV. This Ointment fol∣lowing excellently promotes the falling off of the Eschar. Take Honey, Goose-grease, Turpentine, Gum Elemi, ana one Ounce; Soot six Drams, Yolks of two Eggs, Mithridate four Drams, Oyl of Scorpions enough to make an Ointment. If when the Scab is fallen the Tumor be not enough abated, you may raise a se∣cond, yea, a third, with the said Magnetical Arsenical Emplaster, and then pro∣ceed as before. Lastly, heal up the Ulcer with Emplaster de minio, or some other heal∣ing and drying Plaster; but make not too much haste to heal it, lest the poisonous Humor, not yet wholly e∣vacuated, should cause either a new Disease, or Death.

XV. Buboes arising from a Venereal Cause, have the Pocky virulency affecting the Spermatick Vessels,

whether the Praeparantia, or Deferentia, through which the malignity rises, and in∣sinuates it self partly through the whole Mass of Blood, and partly into the parts ad∣joyning, and so into the Glandules themselves infe∣fecting them. If the Bubo be fiery, and like an Erysipe∣las, there is a Cholerick Cause; if like an Oedema∣tous Tumor, it is conjoyned with Phlegm; if from an acid Acrimony, from Blood, or Blood mixt with Phlegm, joyned with a malign Spi∣rit.

XVI. If there be no hopes of bringing the Tumor to Suppuration, after due Pur∣ging, you may apply Empl. de Ranis cum Mercurio, not∣withstanding all that Barbet says against it, but if there be hopes of Maturation, it will be then Imprudence, for that it will cause the Ve∣nom to revert inwards, to the great danger of the Pa∣tient, as both Reason and Experience teach.

XVII. If the Bubo be feared to be Malignant, from its green Colour, or Black∣ness, or Inflammation, such as come from adust Blood turn'd black, or Melancho∣ly, joyned with malignan∣cy and putrefaction, or vi∣rulent Choler, there will be danger of a Gangrene and Mortification: In this case you must defend the places round about with Re∣percussives and Repellers, but not the Bubo it self.

XVIII. In a Bubo, whe∣ther from Plague or Pox, be∣ware of Bleeding, it is one of the most pernicious things can be done, for it hinders the rising of the Tu∣mor, and in the Plague ha∣stens Death; in the Pox, it disseminates the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and Poyson through the whole Mass of Blood and Humours with a Vengeance. Epiphan. Ferdinandus, Hist. 17. saith, That he knew some who just upon the ap∣pearing of the Bubo, by let∣ting of Blood and Purging, have fallen into a stubborn Pox, if not incurable.

XIX. If they are caused from thick, tough, and cold

Humours, they are ripened with a great deal of difficul∣ty, and require a long time of Cure; for Nature not be∣ing strong enough to drive the Matter quickly outwards, it lies between the Peritonae∣um and the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, whence it perpetually sends Vapours to the Liver, and sometimes causes large Sinus's, and ma∣ny other Symptoms, where by the Mass of Blood is mi∣serably Infected, and so sends its Polutions to the outward parts of the Flesh and Skin.

XX. Hildanus, Cent. 5. Obs. 65, gives a strange re∣lation of a Bubo. A cer∣tain Person (saith he) had a Bubo in his right Groin, who deferred opening of it, 'till the malignant Matter fell upon the fourth and biggest Nerve of all that moves the Hip; upon which there was violent and con∣stant pain in the Hip, at∣tended with Convulsions, a continual Feaver, &c. after which followed a Pining, Leanness, and great Weak∣ness. Many things, both inward and outward, were tryed, but in vain; for the Bubo did scarcely appear outwardly, the Groin only was hard, with very little pain; for the violence of the pain in the Hip had, as it were, drowned it. At length the Bubo was broken, by help of a Caustick, out of which, in six or seven days time, there ran above ten pounds weight of Mat∣ter, after which, with great difficulty, he was cured.

XXI. This following has been applied with Success, to draw out the Poison: Take Diachylon Compositum one Ounce and a half, Mithri∣date, roasted Garlick, roasted Onions, ana two Ounces, Figgs three Ounces, Galbanum and Ammoniacum strained, Le∣ven, Mustard-seed, of each an Ounce, Palm Oil, Oil of Amber, ana half an Ounce; mix, and make a Cataplasm. In a cold Bubo for Suppu∣ration this: Take Linseed∣meal two Pound, old Cheese one Pound, Jelly of Hogs Legs q. s. mix, boil them together, and make a Plaster.

XXII. If there be any hope of Suppuration, 'tis certainly best to induce it with all means that may be, lest more grievous Symptoms and Diseases spring up; 'tis positively against the Prin∣ciples of Art to dissolve it, for Nature has disposed the Matter from the Blood and Liver, and whole Body, to those parts to be cast forth, where the malignity and vi∣rulent Matter runs out, which otherwise being de∣tained within by discussion, or Repellers, the Matter re∣verts to the more noble Parts, infects again the whole Mass of Blood and Humours; (so that the lat∣ter end of this Man, is much worse than his beginning;) whence comes falling off of the Hair, Nodes, Tophs, Gums, Nocturnal Pains, Leprosies, Pustules, sore Head, putrid Scabs, Serpigines, Herpes, Cancerous Ulcers, affection of the Periostion, rotten∣ness of the Bones, and an hundred other affrightful Symptoms.

XXIII. Guilielmus Fabri∣cius, Cent. 6. Obs. 68. saith, That he had often found the benefit of a Vesicatory of Cantharides, in a Pesti∣lential Bubo, for it draws the Poison to the out-parts: Take sower Leven one Ounce, Cantharides finely poudred twenty, Mithridate two Scru∣ples; mix and make a Ca∣taplasm; to be applied four Inches round the Tumor. Also, in a malignant Bubo, you may apply Diachylon cum Gummi, mixt with black Soap, whereby most stub∣born Buboes are Suppurated; and if Hens Dung be added, it will be so much the bet∣ter.

CHAP. XVIII. Of the Cachexia

I. THE Cachexia is the very same Disease which Physicians call a Leu∣cophlegmatia, and is the fore∣runner, or rather the begin∣ning of a Dropsie, and called by some a white Dropsie: It is a Lazy Disposition and Habit of Body, with Pursi∣ness, uneasiness of motion, and sometimes shortness of Breath, with difficulty of Breathing, coldness, soft∣ness, and smoothness of the Skin, with other concurrent Symptomes arising from Obstructions of the Liver, or Spleen, with the Mesera∣icks and other Viscera.

II. It can never be said to be incurable, because it is properly but the beginning of another Disease, and seems to be only a cold wa∣tery Juice, shed abroad un∣der the whole Skin and sub∣stance of the Flesh, arising in part from Obstructions, as aforesaid, in part from a Discrasie, or weakness of the substance of the Blood, so declining in its Strength, as not to have ability to carry its Serum along with it to the Emulgent Arteries, to be evacuated in its ordinary course by Urine.

III. It is caused either by too frequent and long giving of Hydragogues, which by vehement drawing away of the watry Humour, so mightily weaken the sub∣stance of the Blood, that it is left so thick, and its gru∣mous parts so compact or congelated, that the follow∣ing generated Serum cannot easily mix with it, to make it of one Substance or Con∣sistency, whereby in its pas∣sage through the Veins and Arteries, lying in a separate state from the other parts of

the Blood, it soaks (as it were) through the Vessels, and makes the habit of the Body cold and watry: Or, from Obstructions, as afore∣said, whereby the Blood be∣comes not only vitiated, but also has time to let its se rous parts pass through the Pores and Plicatures of the Vessels, to the Flesh and ex∣ternal habit of the Body.

IV. That there is no Ple∣thory in a Cachexia is certain; and nothing is more certain than that there is a Cacochy∣mie, and therefore care must be taken not only to open the present Obstructions, but also to depurate the Blood, and alter the habit of its Substance: If it pro∣ceeds from taking too great a quantity of Hydragogues, you must give Strengthners, which are partly Sudorifick, that as well as to make the Blood stronger, they may so open the Pores of the Body, as to cause a trans∣fusion of the superfluous Humidities which infest the Flesh and Skin through them; for which purpose this following mixture is of good use: Take of our An∣tidote, Bezoar Minerale, ana fifteen Grains; mix and make a Bolus, to be given at Night going to Bed, and let the Sick sweat gently upon it. This ought to be given every day, or every other day, for four or five times, in which space I have never known it fail to cure.

V. In the other case, the chief business is to open the appendent Obstructions, and remove the Discrasie of the Blood. Many prescribe Blood-letting in this, but in my Opinion, that must be very pernicious, because it still diminishes the Strength of the Sick, which is alrea∣dy too much weakned, and exhausts the Spirits now wasted and flagging. In this case bitter Herbs by many are prescribed, and the bit∣ter Decoction has been found of good use. Half a Pint of the Juice of Centory given Morning and Evening for a Week together, has cured to a wonder.

VI. But because the squea∣mish Stomachs of several,

cannot be prevailed with to take such bitter and nause∣ous Doses; and because in others the Obstructions are so obdurate, that none of those ordinary, Remedies, nor yet any thing prepared from Vegetables will do any good, we must have re∣course to Things that are more powerful, and of ano∣ther Nature, which shall have power to pierce to the most inward recesses of Na∣ture. Of this kind are mi∣neral Waters; but such espe∣cially as proceed from an Iron Mine, of which the Sick ought to drink liberal∣ly, and for some Weeks, be∣cause those Waters being repleat with a ferrous Vitriol, both powerfully open, and also sweeten, which is one of the chief Intentions of Cure.

VII. Now because many can neither spare time to go to the Wells, or by living remote, cannot well compass to get thither, we shall here prescribe other Remedies, which no Place can fail of affording: Take Filings of Iron, white Tartar in Pouder ana; make them into a Mass with Water, which put into an earthen glased Vessel, or wooden Bowl; put it in a warm place till it is dry: Powder it again, and moisten with Water, and and dry again, repeating this five or six times. This pre∣pared Iron, may be made up in∣to Pills with a little Diacassia: Or, if the Sick cannot take Pills, you may make a Tin∣cture of it with White-Wine, by digesting the White-Wine upon it for five or six Weeks. And although pos∣sibly a Tincture may be made in much lesser time, yet the longer the White-Wine stands upon the Mat∣ter, (were it a year, or more,) the better it is: Take of the Rust aforesaid, eight Ounces; White-Wine two Quarts; digest five or six Weeks, as aforesaid; then decant the Tincture, and upon the Faeces put more Wine, repeating this Work so long, till no more Tincture will arise: Dose from a spoonful, to three or four. This Tin∣cture you may if you please boil into a Syrup with Su∣gar.

VIII. If you be in the Country where Tartar can∣not

be gotten: it may do, if you only take Scales of Iron from the Smith's An∣vil, and put into White-Wine: The Wine alone will in time, being in a warm digestion, extract a most admirable Tincture for the purpose aforesaid; and tru∣ly neither in appearance nor effects will it be much infe∣riour to the former: Take Scales of Iron four Pound; White-Wine a Gallon; mix, digest warm, for two or three Months, or more, shaking the Glass once a day; and keep it for use upon the faeces: Dose from one spoonful to three or four, in the Morning fa∣sting. Now here is to be noted, that the Sick ought to lie in their warm Bed, two or three hours after ta∣king of it; or if up, to walk up and down, or use some stirring Exercise, for two or three hours following.

IX. If the Cachexy be at∣tended with vehement pain, in any particular Part or Limb, bleeding with Lee ches is of admirable use; I remember (once more espe∣cially) I had a cachectick Person in cure, who had so vehement Pain in his Shoul∣der, that he could not lift his Hand to his Head: I set a dozen Leeches to his Shoulder, and he was cured of his Pain at once: This method I have pursued se∣veral times with good suc∣cess. And sometimes where Leeches could not be gotten, I have profitably applied Vesicatories, which have a∣bundantly answered expe∣ctation: Yet this is to be ob∣served, That though they often are, and may freely enough be applied to the Legs, yet it is something dangerous to do it in a Dro∣psie, lest they should bring an afflux of Humors upon the Part, so great, as to cause a Gangrene; which yet a prudent Physician, ha∣ving this Caution, may easily avoid.

X. In a Cachexia in Wo∣men, where there is a great Obstruction of the Terms, you ought not to provoke them, 'till you have opened Obstructions of other Parts cleared the passages, and prepared the Blood and Hu∣mors:

For Nature dischar∣ges not the Blood by the Veins of the Womb, 'till the Crudities be in a great measure consumed, and the Blood has recovered its in∣ward Heat, Life, and Vi∣gor: And Crudities being 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and the Oeco∣nomy of the Body restored, what natural Evacuations were suppressed, will return of their own accord.

XI. I once had a cache∣ctical Patient, who former∣ly had the Pox, but had been well of that Disease some years; but fearing there should be yet some Relicks of it, desired I should pro∣ceed in the Cure, as if it had been the Pox; nor could I prevail with the Man to ad∣mit of any other Cure: At length I fumed him with the following Troches: Take artificial Cinnabar six Drams; Myrrh, Amber, Mastick, Oli∣banum, Cloves, Nutmegs, ana half an Ounce, Mercurius Dulcis two Drams, with Spirit of Wine; make thirty two Troches, for eight Fumi∣gations. I fumed him three or four times, and took a∣way all his swelling, without any sensible fluxing; and he became perfectly well. But one thing which was very remarkable in this Cure, was, That an old Pain of the Spleen, which he had been troubled withal for twenty two or twenty three years, was totally and per∣fectly removed, and much of the Disease went away by Urine.

XII. A confirm'd Cachexy is without danger, and may be cured in short time by Sudorificks only; the Cause principally proceeding from a Debility of the Blood and noble Parts, charged either with too great Acidities, or an aqueous Matter, which is sent into the Habit of the Body: For this purpose, a Tincture of the opening Crocus Martis, or the Crocus Martis it self is profitably given; and Grulingius saith, for this purpose it excels all other Remedies, because it strengthens so powerfully: For internal Sudorificks, (which may also absorb the Acid) we commend Bezoar

Mineral, from six to sixteen Gr. our Angelus Mineralis from six to twelve Grains; Pilulae Angelicae from one to two Scruples; or a Decoction of Guaiacum, after the usual manner, the Patient being in a Stove or Bed.

XIII. Barbet saith, that the watery Matter is first gathered in the Face and Limbs; and if the tumid Parts be prest with your Finger, that they are not so full as in a true Dropsie; and that the cause of it is from the lymphatick Ves∣sels being compressed, bro∣ken, or some other way obstructed, whereby the na∣tural Motion of the Lym∣pha is himdred, and so thrust into the fleshy and skinny Parts. But all this we can∣not concede unto; nor do we believe that ever the Ru∣pture of the lymphatick Vessels were, or can be the Cause thereof, but this pos∣sibly may be sometimes a Cause, the two great thin∣ness of the Lympha, and the weakness or laxness of the Vessels containing it, whereby it has an emission through their Pores, and Plicatures into the fleshy Substance of the Body.

XIV. If the Sick be of a cholerick habit of Body, if they sweat, (in a Stove, Chair, or Bagnio,) it ought to be with a gentle heat: If they be melancholly, the heat must be greater; but if phlegma∣tick, the heat must be most intense, that the Humors may be melted, and the preternatural Gelly dissol∣ved; without which, it can never pass away by sweat: And this is of use chiefly in Virgins, where the Disease proceeds from Grief, drin∣king cold Water, eating un∣ripe Fruit, or other hetro∣gene Things: But in hot Constitutions, and such as have been used to eat and drink hot Things, (whereby the Liver is made exceeding hot and dry, and much Choler abounds in the first and second Region, viz. in the Veins of the Liver, Spleen, and Mesentery, and in the greater Veins and Arteries,) Baths are much more proper than Stoves, and such-like, because they

moisten; whereas a dry sweat irritates the Atribi∣lious Humor.

XV. Being come out of the Bath, you may anoint the Belly, Feet, Legs, and other swoln Parts, with the following Unguent: Take tops of Elder, Dwarf-Elder, Doves-foot, musked Cranes∣bill, Mustard, Rocket, Camo∣mil, ana two Ounces; Palm∣oil one Pound; boil well, strain out by pressing; then add di∣stilled Oils of Amber, Anni∣seeds, and Juniper, ana three Drams; mix them, to anoint withal, and inwardly give a Dram or two, or more, of our Aqua Bezoartica, or good Cinamon-Water.

XVI. Catharticks are ad∣judged by most to be of evil consequence, being gi∣ven to cachectick Persons, be∣cause they hurt the Liver, and weaken the Ferment of the Viscera: This is true, it they be often or long given, as we noted at Sect. 3. above, for they destroy the Pati∣ent, the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and weakned Parts being extreamly hurt, and more weakened there∣by; but Lenitives may be given and repeated with Strengthners between; and sometimes stronger Purges, provided there be pretty long intervals between, and many times Corroboraters of the Bowels be given in the interim, to support and restore their tone.

XVII. Quercetanus com∣mends this Pouder: Take fine Filings of Iron one Dram; Feculi Ari one Dram; Es∣sence of Coral, Pearl, Pouder of Amebrgrise, ana half a Ounce; Amber prepared, Cinamon, ana four Scruples; Sugar q. s. mix, and make a Pouder. It is a good Thing for pale and depraved Colours, Ca∣chexies in Men, Women, and Maids, whether young or old, the Body being pre∣pared and purged for some time before hand. Schroder commends his Chalybeated Salt for the same purpose. See it in my Seplasium, Lib. 1. Cap. 16. Sect. 13, 14, 15. & Lib. 2. Cap. 14. Sect. 4, 5.

XVIII. Or this: Take Filings of Iron, sprinkle them with Waters of Wormwood,

Ash, or Scurvy-Grass, where∣in their Salts have been dissol∣ved, leave them so long till all is converted to Rust or Cro∣cus; of which take six Ounces; burnt Harts-horn prepared, Ma∣gisteries of Coral and Pearl, ana one Dram and half; Ci∣namon, Crystals of Tartar, ana one Dram; Sugar a sufficient quantity; mix, and make a Pouder: Dose one Dram.

XIX. Sennertus commends this Wine: Take Filings of Iron three Ounces and half; White Wine two Quarts; in∣fuse them together in a Bolt∣bead a Month in a warm place; shaking it three or four times a day: Dose five or six Ounces at a time, in the Mor∣ning fasting, and lying two or three hours in Bed after it; or otherwise walking and stirring two hours after it. As often as you pour out one Glass, you must put in another, till half the Rust or Crocus seems spent; then you are to cease, and put in no more. Our Tinctura ad Chlorosin is also of experien∣ced Use.

XX. If the Patient finds any pain in the Abdomen or Belly, you ought to bathe the Part with Powers of Am∣ber twice a day: Or with this: Take Palm-Oil four Ounces; Oil of Anniseeds half an Ounce; mix, and anoint with it. Or this: Take Palm-Oil four Ounces; Oil of sweet Fennel∣seed, of Oranges, ana two Drams; mix, and anoint with, as before.

CHAP. XIX. Of the STONE in the Reins.

1. AS this is a Disease with which many are afflicted, so it is of as hard and difficult Cure, for which variety of Medica∣ments are instituted. The cause of which is this: That those things which do some good and cure them to boot, yet do others no good at all, and sometimes make them worse; for which Rea∣son sake, we shall make it it our Business here to exa∣mine variety of Authors, and hear what they all say.

II. It is a Disease like the Colick; but it is distingui∣shed from it, because in the Stone, the pain continues 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in one place; and in the beginning the Urine is clear, but afterwards of a troubled Substance, bringing forth with it at length Gravel, Stones, and such-like; where∣as in the Colick the Pain is different, or in different Parts, afflicting for the most part the Colon; and in the beginning the Urine is of a troubled Substance, af∣terwards more clear.

III. How Gravel (which is the Progenerator of the Stone) is bred, there is va∣rious Opinions: Spigelius, by his Discourse, seems to believe it to be bred in the Veins; for he saith, That he has found the Blood in the Veins full of small Gra∣vel; and if so, it is natural for it to descend with the Substance of the Blood, into the emulgent Arteries, and from thence with the Serum to the Reins and Blad∣der.

IV. But by what Artifice Gravel is generated, is ano∣ther

Question: II care not greatly if I relate to you a singular Observation which I made whilst I was in the West-Indies. In those Coun∣tries, for clearing of Ground, the People commonly lay all the Wood on heaps, and burn it: I did the like of Wood growing upon a very sandy piece of Land, the Substance of the Earth (un∣der its upper Crust) being a pure white Sand. I had very white and soft Ashes, not inferiour in softness to our finest Wheat-flour, or white Starch, in which not the least appearance of Gra∣vel or Sand could be discer∣ned by any means. Of these Ashes I had occa∣sion to make a Lixivi∣um, sometimes for Expe∣dition sake by boiling. The Lixivum being decanted, and the Ashes cast away, I had the curiosity to view, and by an exact scrutiny, found them to be nothing but pure white Sand, with∣out any of the small and soft particles of Ashes, which before the elixiviating of them, made them feel like pure, fine, and soft Wheat∣flour. This I did, 'tis pos∣sible, an hundred times, and always produced the same Sand: From whence I de∣duced these things: 1. That those Trees, (which in those Countries are mostly of a mighty bigness, chiefly Pine, Oaks, Hickeries, and such∣like, (Herbs, Plants, and the like,) growing upon such sandy ground, have all their Nourishment and Substance from that Sand, whether white, red, yellow, or of what Colour soever. 2. That by the plastick Virtue of the Plant, the Substance of the said Sand is dissolved and fitted for the Norishment of the same Plant. 3. That the said Sand is dissolved in∣to a moist Humor, and it may be resinous or glutinous, or aqucous, consonant to the Nature of the same Vege∣table; the same kind of Sand which produces an Oak, makes also a Pine, Hic∣kery, Ash, or other Plant, growing upon the same: For if they were not gene∣rated or produced of Sand, (the Earth being scarcely any thing else, ten or twen∣ry

Foot deep, in those Pla∣ces,) Of what other Matter can they be made? 4. That an Analysis being made by burning and elixiviation, the whole Substance of the Plant (in a manner) resumes its prima Materia, or first Matter again, converting its Body into Sand, and not into any other Principle. 5. That the Extremity and Violence of the Fire, has not power to destroy the Idea of the prime Cause; but it still retains the same through all Vicissitudes and Changes, even of the strongest Fire it self.

V. I. made also another Observation, of the same kind of Trees, Herbs, and Plants, growing upon the same kind of Land, from their rotting: Great Pine-Trees, four or five Foot in Diametre, and others, being rotted upon the Ground, although the rotten Wood at first become only light and chaffie, then a Slime and Mud; yet that Slime or Mud, and Rottenness, gra dually converted from that brown, dark, or black Co∣lour, and soft, clammy, mu∣cillaginous and rotten Sub∣stance, into a pure white Sand, no ways unlike to the first Substance, or that of which they were primarily generated; all which things might clearly be discerned in many of them, according to the differing Degrees and Times of Rotting or Putri∣fying, as Nature had been several Years in performing that Work and Operation: Those which were produ∣ced of white Sand, reverted into white Sand again; those of red Sand, into red Sand, &c.

VI. Out of what has been said, it clearly appears, that Things by resolution natu∣rally return into the Matter of which they were first ge∣nerated; so that according to the Food, and the Place or Matter that Food was generated from, being again resolved in Man's Body, is the Production of Juices, Humors, Blood, Flesh, and other Substances of the same. So true and faithful is the Work of GOD in the U∣niverse, that as He cannot

deny Himself, so neither can the Things He causes to be produced, lose their first Ideas and Potentialities, though they never so often change their Forms and Ap∣pearances, but will after a long race or course of Vicis∣situdes and Alterations, re∣turn to their first Matter again.

VII. And thus the first Cause of the Stone is to be sought into farther, than the Parts in which it is genera∣ted, or the natural Spirits possessing the same; though I do not deny what Rive∣rius says upon the point, but that there may be a petrifactive Spirit, which may be assisting in that Ge∣neration: Both which con∣sidered, may be the Reason that some People may be troubled with this Disease, and some not.

VIII. Gravel subsiding does not nocessarily indicate the Stone, but sometimes the material Cause only thereof, (for multitudes of People that are perpetually free from the Stone, do many times make much Gra∣vel,) yet possibly it may si∣gnifie a Disposition to that Disease: For if Gravel, which used constantly to come away, is afterwards suppressed, and Pain is felt, the Urine being clear and thin, there is great danger that the Gravel may concrete into a Stone; and when it is made again with Pain and Stranguary, it is a sign there is a Stone generated.

IX. Gravel which is bred in the Veins, comes away with the Urine, and is mixt with the Sediment; but what is bred in the Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder, pre∣sently resides, as the Urine is made: Authors say, it proceeds from adustion of the Humors; bred in the Liver and Veins, and sticks to the sides of the Pot, nor does it sink to the bottom, as that which comes from the Reins; it also breaks by rubbing with ones Fingers, and appears of a more saline Substance, whereas the other neither yields to the Fingers, nor can it easily be dissolved. This Gravel of a saline Sub∣stance,

is dissolved in warm Urine, and appears not whilst it is yet hot, but the Urine being cold, it coagu∣lates and sticks to the sides of the Chamber-pot, or U∣rinal, not much unlike Tar∣tar in a Cask of Wine, or which is dissolved in hot Water; which cooling a∣gain, sticks to the sides of a Vessel; so that the very Na∣ture of this Gravel and Tar∣tar, seem to be much a∣like.

X. And this possibly may in a great measure proceed from the same Cause, viz. from drinking Wine, especial∣ly new Wine, not sufficiently enough freed from its Tar∣tar, the which is evident in all those Countries which abound with, and drink much Wine, in which the Stone and Gout, from those tartarous Concretions, are ve∣ry familiar and common.

XI. Now why Wine should (by much drinking of it) cause those Diseases, is apparent from its tartarous or petrefactive quality; and why Wine should breed or have such plenty of Tartar, is also as clear from the Principle before-named, at Sect. 6. deduced from the two foregoing Observations at Sect. 4, & 5. for that Vines generally delight and grow in sandy Ground, and upon the sandy sides of Hills, and in many places upon meer Rocks themselves, out of whose sole Substance, not only the Body of the Wine, but also its Leaves and Fruit, are wholly made, and by the plastick Virtue of the Plant formed; so that it is no wonder, for a Liquor formed out of the Substance of a Rock, or out of Stones and Gravel, being resolved, to revert into its first Prin∣ciples again, and where it can reside, or dwell, and have a home, to breed that Matter of which it is gene∣rated. And this your great Claret-Drinkers, sufficiently afflicted with Gout, or Stone, and sometimes with both, can, by sad Experience, tell; for that Red, or Claret Wine abounds with Tartar, much more than other Wine does, as the very Vessels contai∣ning it sufficiently witness.

XII. You ought to avoid purging in the height of the Paroxysm, or till the pain is somewhat asswaged; for even a strong Cathartick, being given whilst the Pain is violent, will many times not purge at all; because the Parts only mindful of the Pain, feel not the Ca∣thartick force at all; or at leastwise they so contract themselves, as not anywise to assist the Medicine.

XIII. In remedies for the Stone we are to consider, 1. What Things give ease and relief in the Paroxysm. 2. What Things open the Passages, so as to make way for the Water. 3. What Things cleanse the Parts of Sand and Gravel. 4. What Things naturally or by ac∣cident dissolve sandy and stony Concretions. 5. What kinds of Purges are most ne∣cessary in this case.

XIV: The first of these is done by Opiates, and Things a-kin to them; but their Matter and Composition, and way and manner of Exhibition, remains to be enquired into. They are given in Liquids, or in a more solid Body: As also either by the Mouth, or by the Fundament, or by the Urinary passage.

XV. The Matter of which they are made, is Opium, or Things of like Nature with it, as Purslane, Lettise, Night∣shade, Stramonium, &c. As for Preparations made of Opium, there are scarcely any better than what we have invented; such as are, 1. Our Guttae Vitae, which may be given from twenty Drops to one hundred; and in ex∣tremity to two hundred, or a full spoonful. 2. Our Spi∣ritus Anodynus in like Dose and manner. 3. Our Anti∣dotus from one Scruple to two Drams, or more. 4. Our Theriaca Londinensis from half a Scruple to two Scru∣ples; and in extremity of Torture to one Dram. 5. Our Volatile Laudanum from two Grains to six or eight, or to ten or twelve, or more, if gradually given, and inex∣tremity. I remember once

I knew a Gentlewoman, which had lain about twen∣ty days in extream Torture, and continually crying out for Death, making in all that time little or no Water: She sent for a Dram of Crude Opium, resolving upon a fa∣tal ease: She had it, and took it unknown to any a∣bout her; She fell into a Sleep for about twenty four Hours, then waked in ease, and freely and plentifully made Water; nor was she ever after troubled with any more Paroxysms. Though this succeeded well, yet such bold attempts are not practicable; I here only re∣corded this matter of Fact, for the Gentlemen of our Art to contemplate the rea∣son of the thing, and to consider how far a man may warrantably goe in extremity, or where the case seems desperate.

XVI. We have also other preparations of Opium, which we have found extraordina∣ry effecting, as 1. Our Tin∣ctura Opii Sulphurata. 2. Our Elixir Opiatum. 3. And our Eaudanum Volatile cum Aloe. The first of these we often∣times give to those who na∣turally disaffect Opium, and all other kind of Opiates; for by reason of the Acid, the Opiatick is so corrected, that it never disaffects the Stomach, nor alters its Tone, as the other prepa∣rations of it do. The Opi∣ated Elixir is a Stomatick, and of good use where Vo∣miting is present: And where there is a constipati∣on of the Bowels, my Lau∣danum Volatile, with Aloes, is of singular use; and the effects are more than ordi∣nary, for that the Aloes, though joyned with the Opi∣ates, yet seem not to lose any part of their Cathartick force, and in some Consti∣tutions the Medicine works more, than if the Aloes were given alone.

XVII. A Tincture drawn out of the Seeds of Stramo∣nium, or out of the Leaves carefully dried, gives pre∣sent ease: So the inspissate Juice of the Leaves, given from ten Grains to one Scruple, made up into the form of a Pill or Bolus.

Crato commends the Juice of Purslane, being inspissated and made into Pills, and given to the quantity of a Dram, he says it does won∣ders. Syrup of the Juice of Lettice is also of good use, being given to three or four Spoonfuls; it may be thus made. Take Juice of Let∣tice two Pound, white Sugar as much; mix, boyl, clarifie, and make a Syrup; the Syrup being made and cold, add thereto Spirit of Wine a Quart. It is a thing not to be de∣spised.

XVIII. But if the Tor∣ture be tolerable, 'twill be much better to give such things as have an apperitive Virtue and Power, which may gently open or purge, or evacuate; because by emptying, the parts will be∣come more Lax, and so the easier submit to the o∣pening Medicine: This I commend as a thing fami∣liar for both Intentions. Take Juice or Decoction of Speed∣well eight Ounces, choice Man∣na two Ounces; mix for a Dose. It opens and purges gent∣ly. Asses Milk is likewise commended for People troubled with the Stone, for that it exceeds all sorts of Milk in serosity and subtilty: If the Sick be Costive, let it be sweetned with Manna, for Manna has a peculiar property, both of opening the Urinary Passages, and giving ease, whereby the Matter offending is the more fit to be carried off. Au∣thors have commended Ca∣mels Milk, and not without a shew of Reason, as being good against the Dropsie, because they Feed upon Spurge, Widdow-wail, Ra∣nunculus, and such like strong, fiery, and cathartick Herbs, whereby their Milk acquires a Purgative Faculty, and the Serum becomes detersive. But some Authors will have all Milk to breed the Stone, because it is caseous; but this is Error; For why should the solid Substance of Milk breed the Stone more than other solid Sub∣stances Except there be a real petrifactive property in it, which none ever yet could prove: And truly in this I think Galen was whol∣ly in the wrong: I am

clearly of the contrary O∣pinion; for the curdy part of Milk is only Nutritive, and the greatest part of it dis∣solves in the Stomach into a chylous Juice, (God Al∣mighty Himself seeing it the best and most innocent Nourishment, even for In∣fanes as soon as they are Born; And who dares to doubt His Wisdom?) whilst the oily and serous parts of it cool, moisten, open, cleanse, and make slippery the Passages.

XIX. Now things are said to open, rather in re∣spect to their emollient, at∣tenuating, and discussive Qua∣lities, than to their Diuretick, because there are many things-which powerfully o∣pen Obstructions, that pro∣voke not Urine at all; a∣mongst which are most bit∣ter Herbs and Plants, which open by a Specifick Virtue, as Centory, Wormwood, Hops, Gentian, Carduus, Camo∣mil: and Carminatives, which do it by a discussive proper∣ty, such are Angelica, Sou∣thernwood, Parsly, Smal∣lage, Anniseed, Cuminseed, all the sorts of Pepper, Cloves, Nutmegs, Fennelseeds, Cara∣ways, Carotseeds, &c. And Emollients which do it by their softning and making slippery; such are Oil Olive, Mallows, Marshmallows, Lillies, Spinage, boiled O∣nions, Garlick, Leeks, &c. But the true, great, and chief of all Openers is Iron, and the aperitive Prepara∣tions thereof, which do that in a Day, which none of the others will do in a Month; for which purpose I commend my Tinctura Martis, as one of the most famous things in the World; to which may be added Tinctura ad Chlorosin, an ap∣proved thing for opening the most obdurate Obstru∣ctions.

XX. The Matter being prepared, the next thing is to cleanse the Vessels and Passages of slime, filth, mat∣ter, sand, or gravel, which does, or may obstruct the Passages of the Urine; and this is properly done with Diu∣reticks; of which kind of Medicaments Authors ad∣mirably abound: We shall

not here tell you all that has been said upon that Sub∣ject, but rather give you an Abstract of the choicest and most approved Experiments of that kind. Take of our Tinctura Stomachica two Dra. Juice of Garlick one Dram, White or Rhenish-wine, six Ounces; mix for a Draught: I have often proved it with good success: Or this. Take Juice of Onions two Ounces, Juice of Hydropiper half an Ounce, White or Rhenish∣wine eight Ounces; mix for a Draught. I gave this to one in extremity, a Woman, that had not made Water in eight or nine Days, it made her make Water, and gave her ease in less than an hour. Take Onions four Ounces, bruise them, Anniseeds, Cara∣ways, ana two Drams, bruised. Infuse them all Night in White∣wine; then squeeze forth the Wine, and let the Sick drink it; it is a singular Experi∣ment.

XXI. Sennertus commends Lignum Nephriticum, and Lapis Nephriticus; and so does Experience too: Take Raspings of Lignum Nephriti∣cum two Ounces, Spring water two Pound; infuse 'till the Water is blewish, for twenty four, or forty eight Hours; then decant for three Doses. Or thus: Take Raspings of the Wood two Ounces, Spring∣water, White-wine, ana one Pound; digest for forty eight Hours, then decant or strain out the clear for use, for three Doses. Or thus: Take Raspings of Lignum Nephriti∣cum two Ounces, Winter-Cherries bruised one Ounce, White- or Rhenish wine two Pound; mix, digest forty eight Hours, and strain out for use.

XXII. Or you may draw forth the Tincture with our Spiritus Universalis, after this manner: Take Raspings of Lignum Nephriticum two Oun∣ces, Spiritus Universalis one Pound; digest twenty four Hours, so will a substantial Tincture he drawn; decant and filtre; to the filtred Liquor put Alchool of Spirit of Wine one Pound; digest twenty four Hours more, so will the Sulphur of the Wood be drawn into the Wine, which you may decant, leaving the Spiritus Univer∣salis at the bottom, with which

you may perform the like again. Dose one Dram to two, in any convenient Ve∣hicle, as Waters of Onions, Parsley, or Hydropiper, Mead, White- or Rhenish∣wine, or the like. The La∣pis Nephriticus is seldom given inwardly; if you do it, give the levigated Pouder from one Scruple to half a Dram, or two Scruples, in Syrup, or other fit Liquor. But the usual way of using the Stone is to wear it as a Jewel, being tied to the Wrist or Arm, or hung a∣bout the Neck or Hip. I once knew a Lady which experimented the truth of this; as long as the Stone was tied to the brawn of her Arm she had ease, and voided much Gravel con∣tinually upon making Wa∣ter; but as soon as the Stone was removed, the Gravel stopt, and the pains retur∣ned; and that she might be sure this was the effect of the Stone, she oftentimes laid it by for experiment sake, and the stoppage and pains in some few Hours would return upon the ta∣king it off; and again, upon the putting it on, she would have as sensible ease, and free∣dom of passage as before.

XXIII. Trallianus, Lib. 3. Cap. 39. saith, The Herb Peony (in Pouder) drunk with honied Wine, is an ex∣cellent thing against obstru∣ction of Urine, caused by a Stone so hard as not to be broken: But the Tincture drawn from the Herb, with our Spiritus Universalis, as a∣bove directed, and then with Spirit of Wine, being drunk with the said honied Wine, is much more effe∣ctual: After the same man∣ner you may make a Tin∣cture of Golden-Rod, which will be no less effectual; for that the Crude Herb had been proved in this case, in innumerable Persons, (as Carolus Piso saith) with hap∣py success.

XXIV. Zacutus Lusitanus, Praxis Lib. 2. Observ. 58. saith, A Man sixty Years old of a cold Constitution, was cured of the Stone by Purgations, made of Tur∣pentine which he took divers ways, and a daily use of a

Decoction of Lignum Nephri∣ticum; by which he voided red Gravel, and a Stone, and was well for two Years together. His Disease af∣terwards coming upon him again, Clysters, Ointments, Fomentations, Plasters; Phle∣botomy, Baths, were all used in vain, his Urine be∣ing retained eighteen Days, he began to be afflicted with the Falling-Sickness by Fits and the Sick was given over as desperate; at length he took Oyl of sweet Almonds, with drops of Natural Bal∣sam; (I suppose he means Balsam of Peru;) it made him void a clammy Humor by Stool, and small Gravel by Urine; and continuing the use of the said Remedy, he voided with Bloody U∣rine, a Stone of the bigness of a Date-stone, of a purple colour, long, round, rough, and very hard, and now making Water very freely, he took a greater quantity of the Oyl of sweet Almonds viz. to three Ounces, and the Balsam to the quantity of half an Ounce, and in the space of ten days he voided sixty five Stones, hard, and of the bigness and shape of Vetches. And with this Remedy alone he was pre∣served for the future; for he used every Morning to take half an Ounce of the Oyl, with six drops of the said Balsam, by which he voided gravelly Urine, and lived many Years: By this Balsam, Avenzoar saith he cured a Scrivener, who was at Death's door with the Stone: If you cannot get the true Balsam, Zacutus ad∣vises to use instead thereof Stacte, which is the precious droppings of Myrrh, and comes out of the East-Indies. also from Peru; which, saith he, works rare effects. In the same Observation he saith, That he had many times driven out great Stones that were firmly fixed in the cavities of the Kidnies, by the Water distilled out of Green Tobacco, which he gave the Patient to drink.

XXV. Platerus, in Lib. 2. of his Observations, tells us, He cured one of the Stone with this Julep: Take Pel∣litory-water one Ounce, Fennel water, Bean-flower-water, Ju∣lep

of Roses, ana half an Ounce; mix them; giving the Patient to drink after a de∣coction of Pease, Bean-shales, Parsly Roots, and Restharrow-Roots. Another he cured by giving 1. A Clyster. 2. A Narcotick. 3. Pellitory and Turpentine-water, ana half an Ounce, by which the Stone got into the Bladder, and then into the Yard, and there stopt; he sate in a Bath, and a little after pis∣sed it forth: And by the taking of this following Pou∣der, twice a Week, a Spoon∣ful at a time, a Patient of his voided many Stones, and the continued use of it pre∣vented the pain. Take Li∣quorice in Pouder half an Ounce, dried Peach-kernels one Ounce, Anise and Fennel-seeds, ana two Ounces, Winter-Cherries one Dram, Gromwel∣seeds half a Dram, Crabs-Eyes two Drams, Sugar-Can∣dy one Ounce and a half; make a fine Pouder: He drank af∣ter it a decoction of Pease, Parsley, and Bean-shales, with Butter, and a little Salt. And in Lib. 3. of his said Observations, he com∣mends this: Take Turpen∣tine two Ounces, Honey one Ounce, Yolk of one Egg; grind them in a Mortar together, 'till they are white; then add White Wine, Pellitory-water, Bean-flower-water, ana one Ounce and a half, Syrup of Limons, or Juice of Citrons one Ounce; mix them: Dose one Ounce and a half. The Sick took also these Pills: Take Cyprus Turpentine half an ounce, Sugar-candy two Drams; with Syrup of Limons make Pills: Dose one Dram at a time, drinking after, a decoction of red Pease; but while his pain was great he gave him an Opiate, and sometimes a cleansing Cly∣ster of Whey, Yolks of Eggs, Turpentine and Honey. Pla∣terus gave this to a Patient thrice, which had his Urine stopt: Take Turpentine five Drams, Yolks of Eggs two, Honey one Ounce, Wine four Ounces: By the use whereof he avoided so many Rags, that he wrote to him, That a torn Shirt came out of his Blad∣der: Thus was he cured, and lived many Years after sound: and with the same kind of Potion he cured a French Minister, who voided

the Stone with the first Dose.

XXVI. I cured a Man after he had been twelve Years troubled with the Stone and Gravel, with this mixture: Take Venice or Strasburgh Turpentine four Ounces; Oyl of sweet Almonds six Ounces, Honey two Drams; melt and mix them well toge∣ther; it opened the Passages, made him presently piss free∣ly, and brought away a great quantity of Sand and small Stones: He took it Morning and Evening, half an Ounce, or better at a time, for three Months, drinking after it Arsmart∣water, and was perfectly cured, so that for many Years after he had not the least Pain or Symptom. A∣nother I cured with this: Take Strasburgh Turpentine eight Ounces, Yolks of four Eggs; grind them together in a Mortar, 'till they are white; then add Oyl of sweet Almonds four Ounces; and mix them well by grinding: Dose, an Ounce Morning and Eve∣ning, drinking a Glass of Mead after. This he con∣tinued for eight or ten Weeks, it continually brought away Sand and large Gravel, and he was perfectly cured. Salmon.

XXVII. Bartholinus tells us, That he found no ease by any Diuretick, except Bean-shale-water, which brought away Gravel; so that, saith he, more may be attributed to it, in bringing away the Stone, than to Millepedes: And, saith he, Egg-shells are given with singular success, (after the Chickens are Hatched) ei∣ther to break, or expel the Stone, this Lithontriptick be∣ing reckoned among Secrets of this kind. For this pur∣pose Ludovicus Mercatus commends the Flower and Seed of Star-Thistle, as a thing highly in request, for purging and cleansing the Reins and Bladder; daily experience (saith he) still confirming it; giving two Ounces of the distilled Wa∣ter in the Morning Fasting; but an Essence of the whole Plant (as we have taught in Chap. 5. Sect. 35, and 37, a∣foregoing) is much better.

XXVIII. Augenius, in his Medicinal Epistles, Lib. 12. Ep. 1, and 2, saith, He has cured near six hundred of the Stone by this following Syrup, giving three Ounces at a time, with six Ounces of the decoction of Eringo, for fifteen days together, five hours before Dinner, Universals being premised. Take Saxifrage, Knee-holly, Eringo, Lovage, Restharrow, Anise, Fennel, Parsly, Grass, ana half an Ounce, Horse-Radish Roots two Ounces, Leaves of Betony, Burnet, Marsh-Mallows, Nettles, Pen∣ny-royal, Rocket, Calamint, Knot-grass, Pellitory of the Wall, ana M. qu. Winter-Cherries twenty, Sebestens fif∣teen, Seeds of Basil, Burdock, Parsly, Seseli, Millet, ana three Ounces, Bark of the Bay-Tree Root, Liquorice, ana three Drams, Water five Quarts; boyl 'till three Quarts only remain; strain, and with Honey two Pound, Sugar four Pound; make a Syrup, and aromatize it with Cinnamon one Ounce, Nutmegs half an Ounce. Probably it may do good, there is no Argu∣ment against Experience, yet it looks like a hotch∣potch of all together.

XXIX. Crato, in Consiliis, saith, That he prefers Eringo Roots candied, or steeped in White-wine; and Syrup of the Juice of Speedwel before all; though (saith he) I am not Ignorant that the Roots of Brier and Restharrow do much good when the Stone is manifest. And for the pain in the Kidneys caused by the Stone, there is no∣thing (saith he) better than a Decoction of Speedwel, or the Inspissate Juice thereof: But an Essence of the Plant crude, as we have directed in Chap. 5. Sect. 35 and 37, much transcends them both.

XXX. Fresh Oyl of Hasle∣nuts by expression, given to three Ounces at a time every day, for some time, is com∣mended as an excellent thing; and a certain Physi∣cian attests, That by the daily use thereof he has seen several Stones voided. The same probably may be done with expressed Oyl of sweet Almonds, as also with

the expressed Oyl of Wall-nuts, but more with the expressed Oyl of Orange, Limon, or Ci∣tron Kernels. Outwardly al∣so to anoint with this fol∣lowing Oyl, it is of good use: Take Oyl of Scorpions four Ounces, Oyl of bitter Al∣monds one Ounce, Palm Oyl six Drams, Oyl of Juniper∣berries half an Ounce; mix them, and anoint the region of the Loyns therewith, Morning and Evening.

XXXI. With this follow∣ing Remedy I have done al∣most Miracles in expelling Sand, Gravel and Stones, out of both Reins and Blad∣der: Take Balsamum Co∣paybae (or as we call it Capi∣vi) four Ounces, Yolks of Eggs four, Oyl of sweet Almonds, Honey, ana three Ounces, Oyl of Juniper berries one Dram: Grind all together in a Glass Mortar, 'till they are perfectly mixed, and keep the Mixture for use. Dose, from six Drams to an Ounce, every Night going to Bed, drink∣ing after it three Ounces of the Essence of Speedwel, in a Glass of Rhenish-wine and Su∣gar. Salmon.

XXXII. Beverovicius de Calculo, Cap. 12. saith, That when the ways are loosned (I suppose he means with Oily and Mucilaginous things,) nothing is more effectual to remove the Stone, than one Dram of Sal Prunellae, to be given in Rhenish-wine, warm, by which Medicine alone (saith he) I have often brought away the Stone of the Blad∣der from Children. Crabs-Eyes are of tenuious Parts and Diuretick; they break the Stone, and force it away by Urine, especially the Liquor of them, which prepared after this manner is best: Take Crabs-Eyes finely pou∣dred two Ounces, Acetum Te∣rebinthinatum four Ounces; stop, and digest for a Night in hot Ashes; the next Day decant what is clear, and pour on as much more, repeating this work so often 'till all the Pou∣der is dissolved: These Liquors filterate, and evaporate to dryness, and the Salt will re∣main at bottom, which dissolve in a Cellar into Liquor, per deliquium. Dose gut. ten or twelve, in Horse Radish

Water, or some such like. This Liquor is much more efficacious than the Crabs-Eyes in substance.

XXXIII. Quercetan his Nephritick-water is of great account; and it is thus made: Take Juice of Horse-Radish, of Limons, ana one Pound and a half, Waters of Betony, Saxifrage, Wild Tansey, Ver∣vain, ana one Pound, Hydro∣mel, Malmsey, ana two Pound, Juniper-berries three Ounces, Seeds of Millet, great Bur∣dock, Nettles, Onions, Anise, Fennel, ana one Ounoe and a half; of the four greater cold Seeds, Marsh-mallows, ana six Drams, burnt Egg-shells, Cinnamon, ana three Drams, Cloves two Drams; digest all four or five days in a gentle Balneo; then strain out, and distill in Ashes. He says this Water does wonders in the Stone, and against suppres∣sion of Urine: Dose from two Drams to an Ounce. He adds a Dram of two sorts of Lithontriptick Spe∣cies to the Composition; but the smalness of the propor∣tion to the former large quantity, signifies but little. I am of Opinion the Juice of Limons alone depurated, without that specious pre∣paration, or given in Malm∣sey-wine, as Guarinonius ad∣vises, may be as good; it is found by experience effe∣ctually to purge and cleanse the Reins, and to give help to many, and that without any harm to the Stomach, especially if sheathed with Honey or Sugar.

XXXIV. Brannerus de Calculo commends the fol∣lowing Syrup as an excel∣lent Remedy, leaving no calculous Matter behind in the Kidnies, if after Pur∣ging, two Spoonfuls of it be taken at a time in the Mor∣ning Fasting: Take Juice of Speedwell one Pound, Juice of Ground Ivy six Ounces, of Purslane three Ounces; mix, and make a Syrup with Ho∣ney one Pound and a half. Both Helmont and Faber com∣mend the Liquor of the Birch-Tree, which we call Birch-wine, as a Remedy that does not only expel the Stone and Gravel, but

also prevents the Bleeding thereof.

XXXV. Riverius saith, The Ashes of Egg-shells given from half a Dram to one Dram in White-wine, pow∣erfully expels the Stone lod∣ged in the passages of the Urine: So also, the Salt of Bean-Cods and Stalks, of which half a Dram in White-wine operates after a wonderful manner: Also Tartar Vitriolate given in the same Dose. Spirit of Salt is also praised, some drops of it being taken in the Mor∣ning Fasting in Broth, or some other Liquor, as Wine, Decoction of Eringo, &c. He commends this Potion not a little: Take Straw∣berry and Saxifrage-waters, ana two Ounces, White wine six Ounces, Oyl of sweet Al∣monds two Ounces, Spirit of Vitriol one Dram; mix for three Doses, to be given six Hours one after another. Take Sal Prunellae, Crystals of Tartar, Pouder of Ivy∣berries, and Leaves of Cresses, ana partes equales, with some proper Syrup make Pills, of which take one Dram, every Morning Fasting.

XXXVI. AEtius, Sextus Platonicus, and Guarinonius, do all of them commend a Hare baked in an Oven, 'till it is dry, then poudred; (but Poterius saith the Ashes of a Hare) given from one to two Drams in Wine, is pro∣fitable to expel the Stone, some say to dissolve it; as also to prevent its breeding for the future; made into Pills with Turpentine, it is indeed of good use. The Pouder of Deers-blood given to one Dram, is commended to expel the Stone, as Hofe∣rus affirms. Motherwort, and the Roots of Vervain in Pou∣der, or the Essence of those Plants prepared as we have taught in Chap. 5. Sect. 35, and 37. and drank with White-wine, or Mead, a little warmed, are incredi∣ble Remedies in removing all things that hinder the passage of the Urine, as Hofman and Marquardus say.

XXXVII. For Medicines given Clyster-wise, Fonta∣nus commends the Decoction of Millet, given to half a Pint; but, without doubt,

it may be much more effe∣ctual if half an Ounce of Tur∣pentine be added to it, being first ground with the Yolk of an Egg, to open its bo∣dy.

XXXVIII. Zecchius in his Consultations commends, yea, says nothing is better to bring away the Stone in the Kidnies than warm Wa∣ter, or Veal, or Mutton, or Chicken-broth; five or six Ounces being drunk pretty warm Morning and Eve∣ning before Eating. And the great heat of the Reins will be taken away (which is the essicient cause of the pains of the Stone returning) if boyled Water, to the quantity of seven or eight Ounces, be drank before Meals twice a day, for no∣thing renders the Kidnies so free from Recrements, and so temperate: and their fiery heat is at length extinguished with the warm Water, so that they can never after breed the Stone: If to what our Author here says, you add to each Draught half a Dram of Salt of Tartar, or pure Nitre, it will, in my Opinion, be much more effectual, because those Salts do in some measure direct the Water to the parts afficted: If also it be sweetned with Ho∣ney, the Medicament will be still the better, for that it will less disaffect the Stomach, which in some People it will be apt to do. Salmon.

XXXIX. Saxonia in pre∣scribing some familiar Purge for such as are troubled with the Stone, mightily discom∣mends the use of Cassia, whe∣ther for Prevention or Re∣vulsion: Petrus Pigray, Lib. 7. Cap. 4. says, That Cassia agrees very ill with those that are troubled with the Stone: Others say that Cas∣sia has increased the Disease, and that the heat of Urine always followed the taking of it. Fabritius Hildanus tells us That two Ounces of Cas∣sia being given one in a continual Fever, it raised such a Flux of Urine, that for three days together he made his Urine so hot every time, that he thought a red hot Wire had been drawn through his Yard.

XL: To all this we an∣swer, 1: That very famous Physicians, no ways infe∣rior to the former, have constantly used Cassia with very good success: Platerus scarcely gave any thing in the Stone without it, and often gave it mixt with Manna: And the learned Deckers, in his Annotations upon Barbet, gave it to a Man of sixty years of Age with good success: I have oftentimes given it both a∣lone, and mixt it with Tur∣pentine, with a singular Ad∣vantage, never with the ill Effects above-named. 2. If we enquire into the Nature of the Medicine, we find it to be cooling, and without any sharpness of Parts, so that I can never think that any Medicine can give that which its self has not. 3. We ought to consider the Na∣ture of those Bodies on whom Cassia had so ill an Effect (as they say) in the Stone; and then probably we may perceive that those supposed Effects, rather a∣rose from the prevalency of the morbifick Matter, than the Medicine, and that had any other Medicament been given at that time, adapted to the Distemper with the highest scrutiny, and Inge∣nuity of the most learned in our Profession, 'tis possible the same Effects might have ensued; so that in Prudence we ought to ascribe the afore-enumerated Disadvan∣tages to the Habit of the Body, and prevalency of some acid Humor aboun∣ding at that time, rather than to the Cassia, or the innocent use of any Medi∣cine whatsoever. Salmon.

XLI. Crato prefers the simple Decoction of Speedwel with Sugar, before all the more famous and great Me∣dicines inwardly given for the Stone: The use (saith he) of a Clyster made only of a Decoction of Speedwel with Sugar, will do more good than any Medicine taken by the mouth; you may put into the Decoction some fat of a Loin of Mut∣ton or Veal, of a Rabbet or Capon, that so it may be more smooth and slippery, or for want of these you

may take some fresh Butter. The Sick often find more relief in the Cholick or Stone, from a simple Cly∣ster of Milk and Sugar, boi∣led either with Speedwel or Cammomil-flowers, than from Clysters more richly and largely compounded of hot Things, because they by discussing Pain, encrease Wind, whereby the Pain is augmented, which is only to be appeased with Ano∣dines.

XLII. The Decoction of Pease made with Daucus Seed, Parsley-Seed, or sweet Fennel-Seed, is a Medicine not to be despised, and ma∣ny, by taking it alone, have had a perfect Cure: But as Diureticks in the Cure of this Disease are necessary to get the Gravel and Stone out of the Reins: So for prevention; and in time of Health, we must abstain from the too much use of them, lest while they pro∣voke Urine, by a constant use of them, they make o∣pen the ways and passages to the Kidneys, whereby all the crude Humors, and Re∣crements of the Blood may tend thither, and make Mat∣ter to breed the Gravel and Stone: This is the fear of some Artists, though caus∣lesly enough where neither the Meat nor Drink recei∣ved, tends by resolution to such a generation, nor a pe∣trifactive Spirit lodges in the Parts. However, Dieu∣reticks, for that they quickly run to the Reins, and carry along with them the Food crude and unconcocted, thereby loading the Parts already afflicted, though they are not the Cause of the Matter of the Stone, yet they are to be given with the more caution, lest by their violence, heaping up Matter, they the more streighten those Parts which are already too much streightned by the Body of the petrifactive Matter there lodged already. And there∣fore it is Prudence to give them a long time after Meat, or upon an empty Stomach; and if it may be done, after the Body is purged or cleansed.

XLIII. Paracelsus com∣mends Spirit of Salt, and Spirit of Juniper; as also Spirit and Tincture of Nitre, Salt, and Antimony. Willis commends several Diure∣ticks whose Basis is a vola∣tile Salt; and several like∣wise whose Basis is an alca∣lisate Salt; some also whose Basis is an acid Salt. Sylvius says the Stone must either be dissolved, or expelled un∣dissolved. For dissolving, he proposes Spirit of Nitre, giving ten or twelve Drops of it in Decoction of Grass-Root. All Stones (says he) that I have yet found, are dissolved in acid Spirit of Nitre; whence I conceive, that none can conclude that the coagulation of Stones can proceed from an acid, but, on the contrary, from something opposite to it. The virtue of generating Stones (says he) lies in au∣stere Things, upon which account they give Glutinosi∣ty and toughness to Fluids; to which if (fixt) earthy and volatile saline Parts be join∣ed, something not unlike the Stone (he should have said by help of a petrifactive Gass or Spirit) is generated. Now this coagulated Au∣stere, is infringed by the sharp Acid of the Spirit of Nitre. And therefore when the Rudiments and begin∣nings of a Stone are laying, we must, besides volatile oily Salts, use Things that dissolve the Stone, amongst which, we deservedly ascrbe the first place to Spirit of Nitre, seeing in it Stones are so easily and so mani∣festly dissolved; and it may be given in Beer, Ale, Wine-Broth, &c. to make them a little sharp, and so to be used for some considerable time.

XLIV. To this of Syl∣vius, the learned Deckers makes something of answer: The Spirit of Nitre (saith he) being put upon the Stone poudered, and set upon a little Fire dissolves it: First it turns it into a tough, and then into a watery Matter; but the Mischef is, the Con∣sequence in outward and inward means is not the same; or at least the Spirit of Nitre does not answer

Expectation. And Fr. Hof-man says, you should rather give Things which confist of an abstersive Virtue, from a volatile Alcalie and Acid, that by their gentle sharp∣ness, do incide and cleanse the filth of the urinary Pas∣sages, as also by their sweet fragrancy affecting of the Reins, do hinder the faecu∣lency of the Ferment, and so prevent all occasion of the Stone.

XLV. Diureticks are of two kinds; the one Aperi∣tive, the other Incisive: Ape∣ritive draw the Matter to the Kidnies; and therefore if these be affected, are ve∣ry suspicious, because we draw the Matter to the part affected: But Incisives carry not the Matter to the Kid∣nies, but only by Inciding, Subtilize; and so the Mat∣ter being made subtil, passes the Reins. Hence it is (and I ever use it with success) that if in the begin∣ning I give Spirit of Vitriol to break the Stone, or cut the gross Humor, I quickly see a happy Issue. And the Spirit of Vitriol, though it be Diuretick, yet it only incides; upon which Subti∣lilation, while the Matter passes out, the Urine appears more copious, and is truly a Diuretick by accident; not that it carries ought to the Reins, but because the Mat∣ter, when it has no hinde∣rance, finds an easie passage. And that is attempted in vain, after the third or fourth day, which may be done the first; without which, the Pain is prolonged three or four Days, to the great damage of the Patient; for then we must stay for uni∣versal Evacuation, which in this case is not necessary in the beginning, but may ve∣ry well be done, when the Pain is over. Panarolus, Pent. Cap. 3. Obs. 41.

XLVI. Riverius advises, That in the use of Medi∣cines that break and expel the Stone, they ought not to be used once or twice only, but oftner, 'till the obstruoted Passages be open∣ed. And while they are given, the Reins and Bladder ought to be helped with Baths, Fomentations, Unctions &c.

that they may operate the better. Liquors also that are of thin Parts, such as White and Rhenish-Wines must be given now and then, with internal Emol∣lients, and Laxatives, and Things slippery, to make the Passages easie and open, and qualifie the Acrimony of other Medicines.

XLVII. To a nephritick Per∣son vomiting Blood, Maebius durst not prescribe Things to force the Stone, lest when the Vessels are unstopt, they should open wider, and by farther vomiting of Blood, Life should be endangered: He gave therefore 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Hartshorn, for several days, in fresh Broth, and fomen∣ted the Part with Camomil∣flowers, &c. so his vomiting ceased, and the Stone fell into the Bladder, and after∣stuck in the neck of his Bladder. Then he gave his Anodyn-salt in Decoction of Mallows, fomented his Privities with mucilaginous Things, and anointed the Part with Oil of white Line-Tree; within six hours he voided a Stone as big as a Bean, and was restored to perfect Health.

XLVIII. Spirit of Turpen∣tine is a good Thing against the Stone; but before it be used, Lenitive Purgers should precede, at least, before it be continually and daily used. It is a great Medi∣cine, and has a dispersing Power penetrating deep, purifying the Bowels, and healing them, dissolving coagulated or hardned Tar∣tar, and expelling it by Urine: Yet in the use of Tur∣pentine it self in substance, purging before-hand is not needful, because it has in it self a cathartick Virtue, especially if mixt with Rheubarb in Pouder, as Crato, in Scholtzius Cons. 152. advises. It helps by its temperate heat, whereby it befriends the Parts destin'd to Concoction; for which Reason it is good for those that are troubled with the Stone. You may see in A∣matus Lusitanus, Cent. 1. Ob∣ser. 63. the History of a Monk, who every Morning, for several Months, swallow∣ed a piece of Turpenttne as

big as a Nut, and so was cured both of Stone and Gout, when all other Me∣dicines would do no good.

XLIX. When the Stone is voided, though all danger is over, yet you ought for two or three days following to use Abstersives and Clean∣sers, and Healers, that the Reins may be perfectly cleansed and healed; for which purpose, nothing can be better than a Bolus of Turpentine, made after this manner: Take Turpentine one Dram and half; Rheubarb, Nutmegs, Liquorice, all in Pouder, ana half a Dram; mix and make a Bolus: After which, an Emulsion of sweet Almonds in Barley-water or Broth, or Decoction of Pease, may be profitably drank.

L. How great a Medi∣cine Turpentine is, is not easie to be declared, it being a volatile Alcaly, mixt with a small quantity of a volatile Acid, but the Alcaly very much over-powering. It purifies and sweetens the whole mass of Blood and Humors, after a most won∣derful and admirable man∣ner, and after such a way as 'tis possible no other Me∣dicine (except of the Fami∣ly of Turpentine, as all na∣tural Balsams are) upon Earth can do besides: For it momentarily enters into the whose Mass of Blood, purifies it, sweetens it, and dissolves all its Coagulums, entring into its Substance with its whole and entire Body; where, by its reso∣lutive Power, it does that which neither Spirit of Wine can do by its subtilty, nor Spirit of Nitre, Vitriol, or Sulphur can do by their Acidity, nor other volatile Salts can do by their pene∣trability; being indeed and intruth, one of the most ab∣solute Antissorbuticks, Anti∣phthisictiks, Antispasmadicks, Antiarthriticks, Antepilepticks, and Antinephriticks, yet to this day discovered to the World.

LI. So that if a Physician knows rightly how to pre∣pare and use that alone Me∣dicine, he knows a Thing which will do more than a

whole Apothecary's shop beside it: It is a Medica∣ment which is a natural piece of Chymistry, be∣ing only a dissolution of sand, rocks, or gravelly Bo∣dies, by the mighty Power of the plastick Spirit of the Plant, (which destroys the antecedent petrifactive Spi∣rit of the Matter of which it was made, viz. Sand, Gravel, Stones, Rocks, &c.) and by a living Alembeck, to wit, the Body of the Tree, and all its Limbs, is digested, raised, exalted, and subtilized, purified and made volatile; and lastly, impre∣gnated with a mighty Spi∣rit, in direct antipathy and opposition, and vastly supe∣riour to the petrifactive Spi∣rit, as being not only able to do, but also undo that, which the said petrifactive Power can never do, or ac∣complish again.

LII. Nature has done so much already, towards the perfection of this Medicine, that little remains to be done by Art; yet something it wants, to be fitted effectu∣ally for so universal an use, as it is design'd for; and without which, it will not perfectly answer the desired End; of which we may in some other place discourse more at large: This we could not (even for Piety sake) avoid the speaking of here, considering that some thousands of times (in about twenty six, or twenty seven years Practise) we have made use of it with admi∣rable success.

LIII. If in the Stone in the Reins, the Sick pisses much Blood, and often, the case is hazardous, because two opposite Intentions oc∣cur; and it is a difficult thing to find a Remedy in Art, to perform opposite Intentions or Operations, viz. to open and stop, dissolve and bind, break and consolidate, at one and the same time: In this case, you must set aside all other Remedies, and have recourse to vitriolick Bath∣waters, or Waters running from Iron Mines, for that their Virtue is most excel∣lent, there being no safer or better Remedy to be thought of; for such Waters

expel violently and effica∣ciously, and are therefore Lithontriptick; and yet (as being impregnated with Vitriol) they eminently stanch Blood, strengthen all the Viscera, and cool the Li∣ver, Spleen, and Reins.

LIV. But because every one has not the liberty or conveniency of going to the Wells at Tunbridge, or other Springs coming off of Iron or vitriolick Mines, we shall here shew a Way of making those Waters artificially, to perform the same Intention, which is thus done: 1. Take fair Spring-water six Quarts; Salt, Vitriol, or Cry∣stals of Mars one Dram; mix, dissolve and filter through brown Paper, so have you a Water in Virtue and Effects, like that which runs off from the natu∣ral Iron-Mines. 2. Or thus: Take Spring-water a Gallon, Sal Armoniack one Dram; Scales of Iron one Ounce; mix, and di∣gest for some days in a gentle Sand-heat, 'till the Water be∣gins to colour; then filter and keep it for use. 3. Or thus: Take Spring-water a Gallon; Spirit of Wine four Ounces; Spirit of Vitriol two Drams, or better; mix them for use. These artificial Waters may be taken from a Pint to two Quarts, or more; but by degrees, and a little warm, or made into Posset-drink, using moderate exercise, and fasting, 'till the Water is out of the Body: They purge by Urine, cleanse the Reins and Bladder, open Obstructions of the Urine, take away sharpness of the Humors, cure inward Ulcers, strengthen the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Mesentery and Womb, are prevalent against the Dropsie, Cache∣xy, Green-sickness, and Scur∣vy, and cure the pissing of Blood.

LV. Experience has for a long time taught us, that strong Diureticks must be used with much caution, for that they many times en∣crease the Pain, force the Stone into narrow Passages, excoriate the urinary Ves∣sels, and many times cause pissing of Blood, which cause often times Faintings, Swoonings, Convulsions, E∣pilepsies, and the like. In

this case Lenient, or Emolli∣ent Clysters are of singular use; for by their discussive property, they melt or dis∣solve the Humors, clear the urinary Passages, making way for Urine and Gravel. A certain Physician had ex∣perience of this in his own Person, who being in ex∣tream Torment, had ease by taking three Emollient Clysters in one day, the Gravel being loosned, and the thick viscous Matter joyned with it, being brought away with the Urine for se∣veral days together, that thence-forth he never fell again into any such pain.

LVI. Emollient Clysters may be made of Mallows, Althaea-Roots, Millet, and the like; but Faenugreek∣seed is inferiour to none of them. If also with the Cly∣ster Turpentine half an Ounce, opened with the Yolk of an Egg, be added, it will be so much the prevalent and efficaci∣ous. Fontanus accounted the Millet seed given to one Pound, or less, is an excellent thing, and kept it as a se∣cret. Dolaeus gives a Milk Clyster, or one of Milk and Turpentine, with the Yolk of an Egg; but he advises against Salt being put in, be∣cause it is apt to make them stay long.

LVII. Doloeus (out of Wedelius) prescribes this fol∣lowing Opiate: Take Sper∣ma Coeti, Crabs Eyes, ana one Dram, Cinnabar of Antimony one Scruple, Volatile Salt of Amber four Grains, Lauda∣num Opiatum half a Grain, (but I think one Grain, or two, to be better) Troches of Alka∣kengi, with Opium half a Scruple; mix, and make a Pouder for four Doses. In the Fit (saith he) when the pain is violent, an Emulsion, or some Opiate will be good.

LVIII. Out of the Fit (saith the same excellent Man) we must endeavour to extirpate the Coagulator, and withal, we must always have regard to the Stomach, therefore Stomatick Medi∣cines will be good: some say there is nothing better, either for the cure or pre∣vention of the Stone than this following Antinephri∣tick:

Take Seeds of Anise, Par∣sly, Dill, Leaves of Saxifrage, ana half an Ounce, Juice of a Pike, Crabs-Eyes, Seeds of Hipps, or wild Briar, ana one Ounce; mix, and make a Pouder. Dose one Dram at a time. The following Pills are also of good use: Take Venice Turpentine dried a lit∣tle at the Fire two Drams, Spanish Juice of Liquorice, Pouder of the same, ana half a Dram; mix, and make Pills as big as Pease, which roul in Pouden of Millepedes. Dose one Dram and a half at a time Morning and Eve∣ning.

LIX. Some Physicians commend a Vomit, for pre∣vention to expel the tarta∣rous Matter before it be de∣rived either to the Reins or Bladder; some give it in the Fit, because Nature seems to shew the way by their reaching to Vomit. This I found true by Experience, in a certain Lady, a Patient of mine, who had lain Bed∣rid fifteen or sixteen Weeks of this Disease; and though many things were admini∣stred, nothing did good 'till I gave her a Vomit, which was Salt of Vitriol one Dram, which gave her six Vomits; and this I repeated for five days together, it made a great revulsion, and had so wonderful an effect, that in fourteen or twenty Days she was restored to her per∣fect Health; and though through the extremity of the pain she had Convulsion Fits, and many returns of them in a day; (so that she was given over for dead,) yet after the first Emetick Dose those Fits ceased, and her Pains wonderfully dimi∣nished; the force of the E∣metick being over, I then administred Antinephriticks and Stomaticks, such as Pow∣ers of Juniper, Salt of Amber, Ens Veneris, my Tinctura Stomachica, Syrup of Li∣mons, with some other things of like nature. And without doubt Vomits con∣duce much to the Cure, if there be a real Stone, or o∣ther obstructing Matter, for by straining much, it helps the expulsion of the Stone or Gravel, as sometimes it does to the delivery of a Woman in Travel, by the

violent commotion of the whole Body, and compres∣sion of the Muscles of the Belly. This method I have often taken with success, and sometimes I have ex∣hibited (especially if the Sick was strong) Vinum Be∣nedictum, or my Catharti∣cum Argenteum, with good success; but I chose to give Emeticks to such as were apt and easie to Vomit, and not otherwise. Salmon.

LX. Barbet saith he has done more by Alteratives, and Narcotick Medicines, than by any others; Cly∣sters he also saith are very proper. And because in his Praxis, Lib. 3. Cap. 8. Sect. 8 he has given us an ample Catal gue of Antinephriticks, I care not greatly if I trans∣fer them hither. Roots of Rest-harrow, Eringo, Grass, Liquorice, Orrice, Parsly, (Smallage,) Drop-wort, Marsh-mallows, (Onions, Garlick, Leeks.) Leaves of Mallows, Maiden-hair, Ger∣mander, (Arsmart, Pellito∣ry, Camomil,) Ground Ivy, Lovage, Cresses, Saxifrage, Savin, Golden-Rod, Schae∣nanth, Garlick, Cloves. Flowers of Elder, Hops. Seeds of Poppy, Gromwel, the four great cold Seeds, Anise, Fennel, Carrots, (Daucus) Carraways, Barley, broad Cummin. Fruits, as Winter-Cherries, Straw-berries, Figgs, (Juniper-berries, Bay∣berries, Ivy-berries.) Woods, as Hasle-wood, Nephritick∣wood, Guaiacum, Sassafras, Cassia Lignea, Cinnamon, Pine-chips. Balsams, as Turpentine, (viz. the Lari∣cea, Venice, Cypress and Chio, Balsams of Gilead, Peru, Tolu, and Chili, Capi∣vi;) Balsam of Sulphur, simple and compound, with Oyl of Anniseeds, or Juni∣per-berries, Whey, Tooth of a Boar, Earth-worms, Tartar, and all its com∣pounded Medicines. Salts, as of Tartar, Bean-stalks, Broom, Pot-ashes, Ash of Egg-shells, of Amber, Nitre, Sal-armoniack. Baths. Crabs-Eyes. Waters distilled out of the above-said Herbs and Roots, (Mineral Waters from Iron Mines, Mineral Waters artificially made.) Spirits of Wine, of Salt, of Sulphur, Vitriol, (Nitre,)

and of Tartar, both Acid, and sweetned with Spirit of Wine, and of Ammonia∣cum. Nephritick Tincture of Mynsicht. Syrups of Al∣thaea, of white and wild Poppies, Diacodium, Bi∣zantinus. Diuretick Oxymel of Quercetan. Oils of sweet Almonds, Anniseeds, Am∣ber, and Turpentine, (of Carraways, Dill, Fennel, Juniper-berries.) Nephritick Antidote of Quercetan. Mon∣tagnana's Electuary. Jaw∣bone of a Pike. Oyster∣shells calcined. To which we add also, our Guttae Vi∣tae, Tinctura Martis, Spiritus Universalis, Antiscorbuticus, Anticolicus, Anodynus, Ape∣riens, Cosmeticus, Potestates Baccarum Juniperi, Carvi, Crinum Humanorum, Lithon∣tripticae, Pulegii, Rosmarini, Succini, Terebinthinae, Anisi Virtutum, Elixir de Sulphure, Proprietatis cum Acido, Opi∣atum, Ciroulatum minus. Sy∣rupus Chalybeatus, Diasulphu∣us, Nephriticus. Sal 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Vitriolatunm Antidotus iostra, Theriaca Londinensis 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Laudanum Volatile no∣trum. Pilulae Lunares, Mi∣abiles nostrae, Nephriticae. Lau danum Volatile cum Aloe. Manna, Honey, Mead and Metheglin, Rhenish-wine. All these latter Compounds you may see in our Phylaxa Medicinae, Lib. 1. and 2. Sal∣mon.

LXI. In a hot Cause and Constitution, Barbet gives this: Take Roots of Al theae one Ounce, Liquorice two Drams, Mallow-Leaves, M. ij. Melon-seeds half an Ounce; boyl them in Barley∣water; in a Quart of the Co∣lature dissolve Syrup of Corn Poppies two Ounces, raw Crabs-Eyes bruised one Dram; mix them: Dose two Ounces three or four times a Day Or thus: Take Rose-water, Strawberry and Purslane-water, ana one Ounce, Prophylactick-water, Cinnamon water, ana half an Ounce, raw Crabs Eyes bruised one Scruple, Laudanum Opia∣tum two Grains, Fernelius his Syrupus de Altheae one Ounce; mix them, and let it be given by Spoonfuls.

LXII. In a cold Cause and Constitution, Take Roots of Rest harrow, white Saxifrage, ana one Ounce; Li∣quorice

half an Ounce, Goats blood six Drams, Crabs-Eyes bruised, Nutmegs, Cinnamon, ana one Ounce, Saffron three Drams, Cloves two Drams, Strasburgh Turpentine one Pound, Spirit of Malmsey∣wine five pound: the Ingredi∣ents being cut and bruised, di∣gest fourteen days, then distil in B. M. Dose one Ouuce Fa∣sting, and twice or thrice a day besides. Barbet also saith, That Cochinele, being taken in fine Pouder in Rhenish-wine to one Scruple, is a pleasant and sweet Medicine, and of great efficacy.

LXIII. Deckers advises the following Pouder: Take Mustard-seed, Tartar Vitrio∣late, ana one Dram and a half, Crabs-Eyes, Salt of Bean∣stalks, of Broom, of Rest-har∣row, of Pidgeons Dung, ana one Dram; mix, and make a Pouder. Dose from one Scru∣ple to half a Dram in Par∣sly-water. The Tincture of the Nephritick Stone is also very good, but it is no where described; but Moebius has this preparation; Take Pouder of the Nephritick Stone, put upon it rectified Spirit of Salt, digest, and there will be a green Tincture: Dose from six Drops to twelve or twen∣ty, in Wine or proper Wa∣ter. Seeds of Violets are ve∣ry convenient, because they purge and expel the Stone, especially if they be used in an Emulsion, and is called by Schroder the Nephrocathar∣tick Emulsion; it is much commended both by Crato and Hartman, and is a good thing against suppression of Urine.

LXIV. Spiritus Acetosae Mineralis: Take Tartar Vi∣triolate one Ounce, Julep of Roses one Pound, Cinnamon∣water four Ounces; mix them. Dose two Ounces; 'tis an excellent thing: Or, Take Tartar Vitriolate one Ounce, Radish-water one Pound, Juice of Limons two Ounces, Syrup of Corn-Poppies and de Altheae, ana one Ounce, Crabs-Eyes two Drams; mix them. Dose two Ounces. Also, Spirit of Juniper-berries, affused upon Rob of Elder and Juniper, and digested, becomes of a plea∣sant red Colour, and in Taste like Malmsey-wine, and is truly a Medicine of great

efficacy. So also a Nephri∣tick Liquor made of Nitre and Sal Gem, calcin'd and dis∣solved per deliquium, is a Nephritick of singular use.

LXV. The Urinary Lau∣danum of Michael: Take Spa∣nish Juice of Liquorice dissol∣ved in Winter-cherry-water one Ounce and a half, Camphire one Dram, Saffron four Scruples, Winter-cherries half an Ounce, Gum Tragacanth, Mastick, ana one Dram and a half, Laudanum Opiatum two Drams; mix them. It is much commended for a peculiar Quality of provoking U∣rine, opening Obstructions, and expelling the same. Michael his Nephritick Li∣quor: Take Lynx-stone, Jews-stone, Nephritick-stone, Sponge, Crystal, Crabs-Eyes, ana q. v. dissolve them in rectified Spirit of Salt, fil∣tre the Solutions, and distil to dryness; so have you at bottom a coagulated Nephritick Li∣quor.

LXVI. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his Li∣thontriptick Pouder: Take Crabs-Eyes prepared, Goats∣blood prepared, ana one Dram and a half, Jews-stone, Ne∣phritick-stone, ana one Dram, Pikes-Eyes, Millet-seed, ana two Scruples, Crystals of Tar∣tar half a Dram, Salt of Tartar one Scruple; mix, and make a Pouder. Dose, from half a Dram to one Dram, in any appropriate Water.

LXVII. Forrestus his Decoction, which some say exceeds all other things: Take Red Tares three Ounces, Barley hull'd two Drams, Seeds of Marsh Mallows, Mallows, ana three Drams; of the four greater cold Seeds, ana one Dram, fat Figgs nine, Se∣bestens seven, Liquorice scra∣ped six Drams, fair Water one Pound and a half; boil 'till half be consumed, then strain for an Apozem. These Pills also are esteemed. Take Pouder of Millepedes, Crabs-Eyes, Jews-stone, ana one Dram, Turpentine two Drams; mix, and make Pills. Dose from half a Dram to one Dram every Morning Fa∣sting. Deckers his Apozem is yet better. Take Spring∣water three Pound, red Vetches, hull'd Barley, ana two Drams, Liquorice bruised, Juniper∣berries

bruised, ana one Ounce, Seeds of Daucus, Violets, white Poppies, Nettles, Mal∣lows, ana half an Ounce, fat Figgs nine, Sebestens seven; boil to a Quart; strain, and dissolve therein Syrups of Corn Poppies, of the five opening Roots, of Diacnicu, ana one Ounce and a half, Spirit of Sal Armoniack one Dram; mix them. Dose six Oun∣ces, twice or thrice a Day, dropping into it at taking, 2 or three Drops of the Juni∣perated Balsam of Sulphur.

LXVIII. The same Dec∣kers commends this Mix∣ture: Take Parsly-water two Ounces, Fennel, and Trea∣cle-water, ana one Ounce, Spirit of Vinegar half an Ounce, Crabs-Eyes one Dram, Oyl of Juniper-berries six Drops, Spirit of Nitre one Scruple, Laudanum Opiatum two Grains, Syrup of the five Roots (or rather Syrup of Corn Poppies,) one Ounce; mix them. If the same be great, this Emulsion may be given. Take Hull'd Barley (boil'd 'till it cracks) two Ounces, sweet Almonds blancht, Violet-seeds ana half an Ounce, white Poppy-seeds one Ounce; with a sufficient quantity of Barley-water make an Emulsion; to twenty four Ounces of which add Diaco∣dium, Syrup of Corn Poppies, ana one Ounce; mix them. He also commends to all the Spirit of Sal Armoniack, given in Rhenish-wine, or some Diuretick Spirit or Wa∣ter, as a Specifick Medicine, not only to prevent, but to cure the Stone, (if brittle, or easie to be broken,) Uni∣versals being given before∣hand.

LXIX. Junken, Medicus Pars 2. Sect. 1. Cap. 18. prescribes this: Take Straw∣berries fresh gathered a Gallon, Winter-cherries half a Pound, Horse-Radish Roots scraped two Pound, Daucus-seeds half a Pound, Juice of Birch, or Birch-wine twenty four Pound; mix, and distil in B. M. Dose frome one Ounce to three with Syrup de Althaea half an Ounce, sweet Spirit of Nitre ten or twelve Drops. Or thus: Take ripe Straw∣berries four Pound, (Winter∣cherries two Pound,) Malaga∣wine two Pound, Juniper-water,

of Parsly-roots, ana two Pound, Ground-Ivy, white Saxifrage-roots, ana one Ounce, Peach-kernels two Ounces; digest in a Vessel close stopt for a Month, then di∣stil, Dose from a Spoonful to four in the Morning Fa∣sting; it is said both to pre∣serve from, and cure the Stone. Again; Take Crabs-Eyes, Sperma Coeti, ana half a Scruple, Volatile Salt of Amber six Grains; mix for a Dose, and to be often re∣peated. Or thus: Take Wild - Bryar- Seeds half an Ounce, Crabs Eyes, pure Ni∣tre, ana one Ounce; mix them. Dose one Dram. Or thus: Take Crabs Eyes one Scruple, Volatile Salt of Amber six Grains, Laudanum Opiatum one Grain, or two; mix them for a Dose. Again; Take Malaga-Wine one Quart, O∣pium in pouder, Salt of Tartar, ana two Ounces; mix, di∣gest a Week, or longer, filter, and keep it for use. Dose one Spoonful. This has been used with good success. Take Cypress Turpentine one Ounce, Balsam of Peru one Dram, Pouder of Florentine, Orrice-Roots, Crabs Eyes, ana two Drams, Extract of Li∣quorice one Dram, Volatile Salt of Amber half a Dram; mix, and make Pills. Dose from half a Dram to a Scru∣ple.

LXX. Syrup made of Juice of Pellitory of the Wall, with Honey, is a Specifick in this Disease, it opens all the Passages, provokes Urine, and that without any strain∣ing of the parts or pain, and expels Sand, Gravel, or o∣ther Matter which obstructs the Passages: Take of this Syrup four spoonfuls, White, or Rhenish-wine, a quarter of a Pint; mix for a Dose, to be given Morning and Eve∣ning.

LXXI. Where the Di∣sease is extream, and the Sick has not made Water for many days, this following Liquor may be given. Take Rhenish-wine, Malaga-wine, ana one Pound and a half, Onions and Garlick bruised, ana twenty, Horse-radish-roots bruised four Ounces, Juniper∣berries bruised two Ounces,

Salt of Potashes half an Ounce; mix, digest four or five days, then decant the clear. Dose three or four Spoonfuls se∣veral times a day.

CHAP. XX. Of the STONE in the BLADDER.

I. BEfore we come abso∣lutely to the mat∣ter in hand, it is necessary to discuss the Point, VVhe∣ther the Stone in the Blad∣der can be broken by Me∣dicines, or not? That it may be broken many Phy∣sicians do affirm, and bring in proof thereof their Ex∣periences: The reason they render for it is, That Medi∣cines may do it, acting by their tenuity, acidity, aspe∣rity, and their diuretick force: Or, that there is a dissolving Salt, as well as a coagulating One, which Vir∣tues are not to be denied to Herbs, Plants, Metals, Stones, and minerals. AEtius, Lib. 2. tells us how Philagarius cured the Stone in the Blad∣der, with Goats-blood and a Hedge-Sparrow mixt together. Laurembergius cured one of a great Stone by the use of Millepedes. A Jesuite at Rome cured a Printer's Son of the Stone with Millepedes rightly prepared. Turrianus in Ia∣tro, Lib. 4. Pag. 262: saith, He broke a Stone, which was design'd to be cut, by giving a little Pouder of Crystial to drink, or the dis∣soluble substance thereof, viz Calcin'd in a Potter's For∣nace at least nine times, and quenched in Nettle-water, to be reduced to a Calx, then put into a Cellar to melt per deliquium. Rhasis, Lib. 9. saith, He cured a Stone in the Bladder of long standing with his Pills. Horatius Au∣genius, and his Father, with some others, cured several

with the same Medicine. Johannes Prevotius saith, the Stone in the Bladder is bro∣ken by a Plaster of white Onions boiled, and applied to the bottom of the Belly. Hippocrates, Galen, Avicenna, Dioscorides, and others are of the same Opinion. And the Author of this Work knew one who was appoin∣ted to be cut of the Stone, by taking Diureticks, was perfectly cured, of which Horse Raddish was chief, was perfectly cured; so that for more than twenty five years since, he has not been trou∣bled with it. And it is pos∣sible that a thousand more of these Examples may be urged.

II. To all these Things we answer, 1. That all these Examples, and thousands more of the like, can be no Rule to conclude the thing; because all the same Things have been used with all care and circumspection to o∣thers, where the success has not been answerable. 2. That it is probable that the Stones dissolv'd by the afore∣said Medicaments, and such other like, might be only sandy, gritty Concretions, friable, and easily broken; whereas we say, had the Stone been great, and hard like a Flint, the Event would not have succeeded. 3. We can bring also the Opinion & Experience of many great Physicians to the contrary: Hartman is of Opinion the Stone in the Bladder, if it be confirmed, and already come to some magnitude, is scarcely cured by any o∣ther way than by cutting. Barbet saith a crumbling Stone is seldom, a hard Stone can never be wasted away, or cured by Medi∣cines. Guarinonius saith, that scarce ever any one saw the Stone broken by Medicines. I could name multitudes of others of this Opinion; but these may suffice. And truly daily Experience, to our Grief, and the wretched∣ness of miserable Patients, are as demonstrable and ir∣refutable Arguments of the Impossibility of Cure by Medicines without cutting: Though Wincleras, in Misc. curios. An. 76. Obser. 102. saith, he broke the Stone in the

Bladder of a Boy 12 old, and brought it away peace-meal by this Medicine: Take pur∣ple Violet=Seed half an Ounce; Waters of Strawberries, Rest∣barrow, Winter=Cherries, ana q. s. make an Emulsion, to which add Goats Blood two pound; Hog=Lice prepared one Dram; Species Lithontriptice half a Dram; Spirit of Tur∣pentine one Scruple; mix them: Dose two spoonfulfs often given, which made it come away in pieces: Probably this might be such a soft crumbling Stone as Barbet speaks of. I have made trial two or three several times, and the Experiment succee∣ded not; possibly the Stones might be of a flinty Sub∣stance, and therefore the Experiment not to be despi∣sed. The last I tried it up∣on without success, was cut of the Stone; which being extracted, weighed three Ounces, and some odd Grains, and was of a hard and marble=like substance.

III. Moreover, when it is to be considered, that the distance of Place is far, and the ways by which the Me∣dicines pass many: and that if they be strong, they carry large quantities of Matter from the whole Body to the Bladder, and do more hurt by their acrimony and te∣nuity, in scowring off the Lenter, Mucus, or slimy Mat∣ter, which usually sticks to the Stone, and serves it for a Bed; whereby the Stone is made sharper and harder, and thereby raises more in∣tense pains than before: But if they be weak, they lose their Virtue before they come at the urinary Passages and Bladder, whereby they do little or no good at all. I say, all these things being conside∣red, they still confirm me in my Opinion, That if a Stone be large, and of a flin∣ty or Marble-like hardness, or substance, there is no Cure for the same by Medicines, but by the Hand only of the Operator.

IV. Sometimes also we are deceived, and think there is a Stone, when indeed there is none; as is recorded concerning a Noble-Man, who after he had been tor∣mented

with pain and diffi∣culty in making Water, the Physicians and Chyrurgions doubted whether there was a Stone, or no; having used Medicines to no purpose, he was cut for the Stone, as is usual, and was eased of his pain; yet they found no Stone, but a fungous Flesh in the neck of the Bladder, which by degrees was con∣sumed by convenient Me∣dicines. A like Example to this, I can relate of a Patient of mine, viz. Mr. S — not long since one of the Shreiffs of the City of London; who having been for some Months troubled with Pain and Obstruction of Urine, with most other symptoms of the Stone, it was belie∣ved not only by my self, but by some others, to be the Stone: He also for a long time pissed Blood, and made bloody Urine, which some∣times I helpt him of, though it often returned again. He was a strong, lusty, and well-look'd Man, and for all that could be seen, might have lived many years. Be∣ing at his Country-House, at T —, he was afresh taken ill, (as himself, and we all thought, with the Stone:) He immediately came home for London, and sent for me as soon as ever I came into his Company, I saw Death in his face; he took me by the hand, held me, engaged my Company for that day, or 'till night; and withal (as one sensible his End was near) told me, he knew he had not long to be here, and therefore pray'd me to stay with him as long as he li∣ved: I could not deny the Request of so worthy and good a Man; however, af∣ter four or five hours stay with him, he dismist me; and prayed me. I would come to him the next day, and sit with him; which I did five or six hours: He pray'd me I would not leave him, for that it was the last trouble he should put me to; yet being late, dismist me again of his own accord, en∣gaging my Company again. Going to see him the next day, he was insensible, and knew me not, lying, as we supposed by his great groa∣ning in dreadful pain, and under the Agony of Death;

by the force of which Paro∣xysm, he surrendred his vi∣tal Breath. He was imme∣diately opened by — An excellent Chy∣rurgion of this City, nothing was found amiss in his whole Body, save the Lungs on his lest side grew to his Ribs; all the Viscera were sound and firm; nor was there any Stone in either Reins or Bladder: At last opening the Bladder, we found a Fungus or Polypus of Flesh, growing to the bottom of the Blad∣der, and hanging down to the Neck, being as near as I could guess about six In∣ches long, and an Inch and half Diameter, which gave a total suppression of Urine at time of Death: It was this Polypus or Fungus which bled, and almost continually made him make bloody U∣rine, by which at length he was something emaciated; and withal, it had begun, or was in part mortified, where∣upon Death ensued. I re∣late this to shew how easie it is for the best and wisest Men (for there was several skilful; learned, and worthy Persons, in Consultation a∣bout this Gentleman,) to be deceived; and how easie it is for us (notwithstanding all our Knowledge, Skill, and Experience) to err and be mistaken; and when we think we do for the better, even then, to do for the worse? Though I must con∣clude concerning this Per∣son, That if we had truly known what his malady had been, it had been absolute∣ly impossible for the most skilful Artist, or wisest Phy∣sician. to have cured him, or saved his Life.

V. Some are against the using of Lapis Spongiae Lyn∣cis, calcin'd Egg-shells, and such-like, because 'tis thought they may hurt the interme∣diate Parts: But this is not so; for as Sennertus urges, their Efficacy does much de∣pend upon their saline Spi∣rits which get into the Stone, and dissolve it into Atoms, just as Metals and Minerals are dissolved in Aqua-fortis; and Coral, Pearl, and the like, in Vine∣gar: For which Reason, the use of such Medicines are not to be neglected,

VI. Universals having been premised, we must come to the use of Diureticks, what∣soever some Physicians have said to the contrary; and such Things are to be used which may be able to cleanse and open the Reins, but to extend their force to the Bladder also, that so (if the Stone is too big to be avoi∣ded of its own accord the natural way) it may be di∣rected to the neck of the Bladder, and so be either forced out, or taken out by the help of Instruments, and the Hand of a skilful Artist. 'Tis true, that some Physi∣ans (as Avicenna for one) forbid the use of Diureticks, by reason they take away the skinny Coat from off the Stone, thereby causing more vehement pain; yet if we respect the Cure, viz. of expelling a Stone which is but small, (and possibly may come forth of its own ac∣cord, by the help of Diu∣reticks, through the na∣tural passage,) Diure∣ticks must be used, and those which are of the strongest kind also; not only to pre∣vent its future growth, but in order to the expelling of it through the neck of the Bladder and Urethra.

VII. Horatius Augenius commends this; as an excel∣lent thing for this purpose, even to break the Stone: Take Millepedes prepared one ounce; common Spirit of Wine four Ounces; Red Chick-Pease-Broth five Pound; mix them for eight Doses: One or two of which, as you see need requires, may be taken in a day. But the Potestates, or Powers, made of them, as we have taught in the ma∣king the Cantharides (in Lib. 1. Cap. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Sect. 1. of our Phylaxa Medicinae) will be much more effectual to the same purpose; and may be given from ten, to twenty or thirty Drops, in a Glass of Ale, Mead, or Wine. You may also give the Potestates Lithontripticae, in the place quoted for the same intenti∣on, and in the same Dose and manner; they are a Me∣dicine not enough to be va∣lued for this Disease: For these Powers being of thin, pricking, and volatile Parts,

they open Obstructions, and resolve all tartarous Matter, which breeds the Stone and Gravel, but also dissolves a soft and porus Stone if bred, and then brings it a∣way.

VIII. Goats Blood is said to be a Specifick against the Stone, being taken in sub∣stance, dried, and in pouder, from half a Dram to a whole Dram, in White or Rhenish-Wine, or in our Syrupus Nephriticus. There is something more than or∣dinary in it, as to this mat∣ter, being generated of a food taken from stony, rocky Mountains, and Herbs proper against this Disease: Besides, it absorbs the acid Juice, and encounters the petrefactive Agent in its Root: But it will be much more powerful if you prepare it with our Spiritus Universalis, which will in eight or twelve hours time resolve it, and extract its Essence; this you may give to half a Dram: But if by reason of the unpleasant∣ness thereof the Sick cannot take it, affuse upon this Essence the best rectified Spirit of Wine, so much as may over-top it about four Inohes; and this will extract all the Tincture of Blood, leaving the Spirit behind, which may serve a∣gain for the like occasion. Or thus: Take rectified Spirit of Nitre eight Ounces; put it into a large, well-glazed Ear∣then vessel, or into a large Glass Vesica; put into it Gradatim, Goats Blood dried eight Ounces; so will it dissolve; digest twenty four hours, and you will have a glorious red Essence: Put to it twenty four Ounces of the best rectified Spi∣rit of Wine, by degrees; mix well, digest a Week, then filter, and keep it for Use close stopt. It is a volatile Acid, joined with a volatile Alcalie, and such are the Spirit of Wine, and Essence of the Blood; Dose from ten, to twenty, or thirty, or forty Drops, in any convenient Liquor. It opens all man∣ner of Obstructions in any part of the Body, provokes Urine powerfully, and is an admirable good thing against the Disury and Ischury, viz. where the Water comes scal∣ding, and by drops, or where it is totally supprest.

IX. I have found much good in this following, for bringing away Sand, Gravel, or any mucous Matter ob∣structing the Urine: Take Strasburg Turpentine two Oun∣ces; Oleum Petroleum one Ounce; Oleum Anisii, Bacca∣rum Juniperi, ana half an Ounce; Millepedes prepared, Earth-worms prepared, pure Salt of Tartar, volatile Sal-Ar∣moniack ana three Drams; mix them: Dose from six Drops to twelve, or more; in a Glass of Ale, Wine, or Mead. Sometimes I prepared it thus: Take Strasburg Tur∣pentine two Ounces; Oleum Petroleum one Ounce; Oil of Limons, Caraways, sweet Fen nel-seed, ana half an Ounce; Crabs Eyes, Goats Blood pre∣pared, volatile Sal-Armoniack, volatile Salt of Amber, ana three Drams; strong Tincture of Thebian Opium, made with the best rectified Spirit of Wine, an ounce and half; mix them; Dose from ten Drops, to twenty, thirty, or more, according to age and strength in any proper Ve∣hicle.

X. This is a thing I have often experienced with good success: Take of our Spiritus Universalis two Pound; brui sed Onions, eight Ounces; Parsley bruised four Ounces; digest twenty four hours, strain out by pressing, then pass it through a Filter; Dose from half a spoonful, to a spoon∣ful, or more, in a Glass of Ale, Mead, Wine, or Par∣sley, or Arsmart-water. Or thus: Take common Spirit of Wine a Quart; bruised Oni∣ons, Aniseeds, Parsley roots, ana six Ounces; mix, digest three days; strain, filter, and keep it for Use: Dose three or four spoonsuls in any fit Ve∣hicle.

XI. Laurenbergius, Riveri∣us, and others, mightily commend this, as a thing almost infallible: Take pure Salt of Tartar one Ounce; Parsley-water a Quart; mix, dissolve, and filter it two or three times through brown Pa∣per, that it may become clear; then put into it the fresh out∣ward Rind of Orange peels, so much as to colour it of a Citron∣colour, (viz. about two Ounces;)

after three days, decant the clear, and keep it for Use: The Dose is a spoonfull, or more, in half a Pint of White or Rhenish-Wine, or Wine in which Mustard∣seed, or Horse-Radish-root has been infused.

XII. This is commended by some for to expel the Stone in the Bladder: Take Millepedes prepared, Bedugar, or Sponge of the Briar bush, seeds of purple Violets, ana one Ounce; Species Lithontripticae two Drams; mix them, make a Pouder; Dose two Drams, in ten Ounces of a Diure∣tick Decoction, mixt with two Drams of Spirit of Ju∣niper. It was given at five in the Morning for some time; and a little after, a great quantity of reddish Urine came away, with flakes like Scales of Fishes, which was the Coat or Crust loosned from a larger Stone; and by the continual use thereof, the Sick was freed from his Disease.

XIII. This has been ap∣proved of: Take a Hare with young, calcine it to Ashes; these Ashes mix with an equal quan∣tity of Sugar: Dose two Drams in any convenient Vehicle, as Syrupus Nephriti∣cus, mixt with a Glass of White or Rhenish-Wine: But Arnoldus de Villa nova took a Hare, and fill'd the Bolly with the skin, Saxafrage, Mil∣let, Lapis Lyncis, Lapis Ju∣daicus, Lapis Spongiae, Cink∣foil, and golden Rod, and then calcin'd it; of which he gave a spoonful in a Glass of Wine every day; it broke (says he) and forced away the Stone in the Reins and Bladder.

XIV. I have often given this following Medicine with incredible success: Take Strasburg Turpentine two Oun∣ces; Hercules noster half an Ounce; Bezoar Minerale, Crabs Eyes, Millepedes prepared, ana q. s. mix, and make Pills: Dose two Drams twice a day, drinking after it the following mixture: Take Rbenish-Wine eight Ounces; Syrupus Nephriticus an Ounce; Potestates Litbontripticae fifteen Drops, mix for a Draught. This I have also proved with good Success: Take Balsam

of Peru half a Dram; Oils of Nard and Mastich, ana ten Drops; Oil of Juniper six Drops; Lapis Judaicus prepa∣red, Crabs Eyes fifteen Grains: mix, and give it in White or Rhenish-Wine, or a Decoction of Millet.

XV. If by these, or some of the Medicines mentioned in the former Chapter, the Sick receives no benefit, you must come to manual ope∣ration; how that is to be performed, whether by the Apparatus minor or major, we have taught in our Synopsis Medicinae, Lib. 3. Cap. 16. Sect. 7. & 8. to which we shall refer you. But there is another way of taking out the Stone, which is thus: The Artist puts his Finger up the Anus, and moves the Stone to the fore-part of the Belly, and then by a hole cut in the Mus∣culus Rectus, according to the Duct of the Fibres, above the Os Pubis, he takes out the Stone by the help of the Lapi∣dillium, or a pair of Forceps. The Operation being per∣formed this way, a dripping of the Urine need never be feared, and besides, a larger space is allowed to take out the Stone in. However, this Operations is not without its danger, besides the trouble; for if the Lips of the Wound made in the Bladder, be not united to the Muscles of the Abdomen,, an Exulcera∣tion of the Bladder follows; which both makes much pain, and creates an Ulcer more incurable than the Stone it self. Roussetus com∣mends cutting in the Groin, especially for Children; and is approved by Hildanus, in larger Stones, which cannot be brought to the Perinaeum, it being there taken out with less pain and danger of an Hemorrhage. The hea∣ling of the Bladder is not extraordinary, because it has fleshy Fibres; by the help whereof, and the innate heat, the Wound is the more easily cured.

XVI. Some inject by a Catheter into the Bladder, thinking thereby to break the Stone, for that the Me∣dicines are not altered in their passage, nor lose any thing of their Virtue, as those do which are given by

the mouth, but reach the Stone immediately. I have injected Opiates with good success for giving ease. If the Liquors be sharp, they ought to be such, that brea∣king the Stone, they may not hurt the Bladder; as Waters made of the Ashes of Scor∣pions, Parsley-roots, Knee∣holm, Crabs Eyes, Pellitory of the Wall, Pigeons dung, &c. Baverius injects Petro∣leum in which Lapis Lyncis has been boiled and strained forth, embrocating at the same time with a Decoction of Mallows. He says it wonderfully breaks the Stone in the Bladder. Or you may inject with this: Take a small Lixivium of Pot-Ashes one Pound; crude Opium two Drams; mix, di∣gest twenty four hours; then strain out the Liquor for use.

CHAP. XXI. Precipiolum: The Universal Medicine of PARACELSUS.

WHat we have aenig∣matically delivered in our Doron Medicum, Lib. 1. Cap. 27. concerning the uni∣versal Medicine of Paracelsus, by reason of its exceeding usefulness to the World, we shall in this place unfold; and what we before delive∣red in obscure terms, we shall here explicate with all the sincerity imaginable.

I. Take of the best Quicklilber, which sepa∣rate from its Minera: The best is brought from Hun∣garia, and is very fine and pure: In one pound you will not have above two, three, or four Ounces of the Minera at most.

II. This Quicksilber taken from its own Mine∣ra, (being first Poudred) you shall put into a Glass Retort, with a Receiver; then you shall squeeze the Quiklilber through Lea∣ther. If you cannot get this Hungarian Mineral Quicklilber, take Spanish which is the next best, and

squeeze it through Leather several times: If you cannot get Spanish Quicksilver, take the purest and best you can get, whose Goodness you may try, by evapora∣ting a little of it away in a silver-spoon; if it flys away, leaving a yellow or white Spot at bottom, it will serve; but if it leaves a black or green Spot, it is naught for this Work.

III. Take this Quicksil∣ver, (which is for our pur∣pose,) wash it ten or twelve times with Salt or Vine∣gar, and then squeeze it as many times through Lea∣ther, that it may be pure and clear, and be freed from all mixture of foulness: The Hungarian and Spa∣nish, Quicksilver, are pure of themselves, and need not be washed.

IV. First you are to se∣parate the Mercurium Coagulation, from the Mercury Vive, with∣out any Corrosive; and that the said Mercury Vi∣ve shall be alive still, and as clear as a Venice Look∣ing=Glass; which Mer∣cury coagulate, Paracelsus calls Praecipiolum; and saith, that it must be separated dead from its own Mine∣ra, and that the Mercury Vive shall be still alive, after that the Praecipiolum is separated from it; and that the Corpus Mercurii Vivi is the Precipioli Minera; and that the Electum Minerale Immaturum, is the Mercurii vivi Mi∣nera.

V. Paracelsus saith, that when the Argent Vive shall come to its loca desti∣nata, that the Argentum Vivum shall leave its Prae∣cipiolum behind it, in form of a coagulated Mercury; and that the Argent Vive will go away alive, and re∣main a Mercurius Vivus. The loca destinata, where the Mercury Vive shall leave its Semen or Praecipiolum is Gold and Silver. Gold is the best place, by reason of its fixation and purity; and after Gold, is Silver. In this Praecipiolum lieth hidden the whole Art of Chymistry: If a Chymist knows not how to make or separate this Praecipiolum from its Mer∣curius

Vivus, he will fail of the whole Art.

VI. This Praecipiolum is the Matter whereof is made the Philosophers Mercury; that is, when it is reduced into its first Matter, which is into a most clear Water, transparent as Crystal; it is then slippe∣ry, and will eat and drink its own Blood, and multi∣ply it self with it per Infinitum. And this Water will bring all the Metals, as Gold and Silver, into their first Mat∣ter Being thus prepared Philosophically, (without any thing of a Corrosive) it cures Hydropem, Podagram, Morbum Venereum, and many other Diseases.

VII. The Philosophers call this Argent Vive their Wine; and the Praecipiolum, its Tartar; both make the Philosophers Spiritum Vini Philosophicum, which Para∣celsus calls now and then Astrum Mercurii, and Spiri∣tum Mercurii, his Sal Armo∣niacum, his Sal Minerale, his Balneum Mariae, his Horse Dung, his Fire, with an hun∣dred other Names to de∣ceive the Vulgar.

VIII. The process of the Praecipiolum: Take Argent Vive well purified ten parts; of our Gold, or our Silver one part, (not the common Gold or Silver which the Vulgar use, but ours, viz. Gold well refined through Antimony, or Sil∣ver refined with Lead) made into fine Leaves; make an Amalgama of both in a warm Glass-Mor∣tar, mixing them well; then put this Amalgama into a Retort, (as hereafter shall be directed,) and put it on an earthen Capel, or an earthen Pan, with one part clear Sand, and as much sifted Ashes; and co∣ver it with another earthen Pan, and put to it a little Receiver, without luting of it; and then make a fire in your Furnace, and give in∣different heat, distilling the Mercury from our Gold or Silver with an equal fire: Now and then take the Pan from it; and when you see the Mercury is distilled from the Gold or Silver, cover it again, and let the Fire go out: The next morning take the Re∣tort and Receiver, and if any

part hang in the neck of the Retort (as some will,) you shall wipe it off with a Fea∣ther, to the other Mercury, which is in the Receiver. If you will, you may now and then hold a glowing Cole to the neck of the Re∣tort, that the Mercury may run to the other which is in the Retort. When you have separated the Mercury, then scrape your Gold, (which will lie at the bottom of the Retort) with a crooked Iron, and take it out, and put it into a Glass Mortar, pouder it small, and mix or mingle it with, i. e. Amal∣gamate it with your Mer∣cury again, by degrees, or by little and little; and put this Amalgama again into the Retort, so shall you find a pouder, that will not go into the Mercury, do not cast it away, but put it with the Amalgama into the Re∣tort, (or else you will lose your Praecipiolum,) and di∣stil it again as before, now and then taking the Pan from it, to see if the Mer∣cury be almost all gone over; and if it be, let the fire go out, and cover with the earthen Pan again, and let it stand till the next mor∣ning, and then take the Retort and Recipient again, from the Furnace, or out of the Sand, and and wipe your Mercury again with a Feather out of the neck of the Retort to the other Mer∣cury, which is in the Re∣cipient, scraping also again, with your crooked Iron, your Gold out of your Re∣tort. This done,

IX. Put it again into a Glass Mortar, (where ob∣serve, you shall distil so, that the Mercury Vibe may go from the Gold, which remains at the bottom of the Retort, and that no Mercury may remain with your said Gold,) and pou∣der again very fine, and amalgamate again your Mercury with your Gold, and by little and little, as is before-mentioned, you will find that the Gold and Mercury will not so well mix together, as they did at first and second time: Then take it and put it a∣gain into the Retort, distil∣ling as afore (not casting any Pouder away, which

you may think to be faeces, for then you will lose your Praecipiolum:) Take your Glass out of the Furnace, or out of the said Capell, scrape your Gold with your croo∣ked Iron out of your Re∣tort, and you will find that your Gold is much increa∣sed, if you weigh it: The reason is, the Gold is the Magnet which hath attra∣cted the Praecipiolum; or, the Gold is the Cask where∣in the Philosophers Wine hath let fall its Tartar, which Paracelsus calls Praecipiolum.

X. To separate the Prae∣cipiolum from the Gold. Take the Gold which you have scraped out of the Re∣tort, and pouder it very small in your Glass Mortar, with which mingle your Mercury by degrees, or by little and little, (your Mer∣cury will hardly mix with your Gold; the reason is, the Gold is full of the Prae∣cipiolum, and then it is time to separate the Praecipiolum from the Gold and Mer∣cury, which is a Womans work; when her Cloths are foul, she washes them from their foulness: The same way you must cleanse or se∣parate the Praecipiolum from the Gold and Mercury,) as followeth.

XI. When you have the sign that your Mercury will hardly amalgamate, or mix with your Gold; or that the Gold will not en∣ter into the Mercury; then pour on it the fairest Water, (distilled Water is best) three Fingers breadth above the Sol, or Luna, and Mer∣cury, which wash together in the Mortar with a Pestel very well, till the Water is blewish black; then it is a sign that the Gold lets fall its Tartar, or Praecipiolum into the Water. Pour off this Water into a Glass; but be careful that not any of the Mercury goes off with it; (for this Mercury will no more mix with common fair Water, than Oil and Water will mix.) Put more fresh Water upon your Gold and Mercury, and wash it again, 'till the Water is blew again; pour it off as aforesaid: Thus continue washing 'till your Water re∣mains white: Put this last Water to the other Waters

in the Glass, and cover the Glass very close, that not any foulness may fall into the Glass.

XII. The Praecipiolum be∣ing thus washed away, the Mercury will again amal∣gamate with the Gold, as Oil will dissolve Wax. Take the Amalgama, dry it up∣on warm Ashes very softly with a Sponge, or on Pa∣per, and by a little heat, that the Amalgama may be dry, which put again in∣to the Retort, and distil it as aforesaid, (by Sect. 8. & 9.) so long 'till the Gold will hardly Amalgamate with the Mercury; then separate the Praecipiolum, as aforesaid, (by Sect. 10. & 11.)

XIII. Now observe, I gave you a charge, that you should keep your Glass close, wherein you put your blew∣est Water, which will be clear, and a Pouder at bot∣tom, which is some of the Praecipiolum. The clear Wa∣ter pour off (without di∣sturbing it) as soon as you can into another Glass: Now when you see that your Gold will hardly mit with your Mercury, or not without great trouble, pour the same Water which you poured off from the Praeci∣piolum upon your Amalga∣ma, and wash it again, 'till the Water is blewish as a∣foresaid, which pour off, and continue so doing 'till the Water is colourless, (by Sect. 11.)

XIV. Then take the A∣malgama again, and dry it, and repeat the same Work again (by Sect. 12.) 'till you have the sign; which wash again with the aforesaid Wa∣ter, (by Sect. 13.) and you will find that your Praecipi∣olum will 〈◊〉〈◊〉 daily: This distillation and wash∣ing you shall continue, 'till the Mercury is freed from the Mercurium coagula∣tum, or Praecipiolum.

XV. Observe that as the Water grows less, you add to it (as need requires) fresh Water. Now the sign when the Mercury has lost all its Sperm, or its Tartar, or Coagulum, or Praecipiolum, is, That that Mercury will Eternally Amalgamate with the Gold, so that they will always mix well toge∣ther:

And if you should a thousand times Amalga∣mate that Gold and Mer∣cury, and as often distil the one from the other, yet they will still Amalgamate again, or mix. And if you should wash them a thou∣sand times with fresh Wa∣ter, the Water will be clear, and not blewish. As long as any Salt or Praecipiolum is in the Mercury, you cannot distil two, three, or four times the Mercury from the Sol, but it will be dif∣ficult to Amalgamate or mit the one with the other; and when you will have it to mix, you must wash it, and then it will Amalga∣mate well again. But when that the Salt, or Praecipiolum is all separated from the Mercury, it will Amalga∣mate or mit after a thou∣sand distillations, as afore∣said: And if it be wash'd a thousand times, the Water will always be clear.

XVI. To prepare the Prae∣cipiolum to a Medicine. Pour the clear Waters from the Pouder which lies at the bot∣tom in the Glass, that no Water may be left on the Pouder; put the Glass on a little warm Ashes, that the Pouder may dry, which will look blewish Yellow: Put this Pouder into a little Cucurbit Glass, or Bolt∣head, and distil off from it the Water of Eggs, five or six times, or so long 'till the Pouder becomes Red, and distil off from it five or six times Spirit of Wine, so is it fitted for Medicine. Dos∣two, or almost three Grains.

XVII. To make the Water of Eggs. Take a good quan∣tity of Eggs, boyl them very hard, take the Whites and cut them very small, and distil them in an Alembick per Cineres, very softly, 'till you have got all the Water from the Whites; then take the Egg-shells, calcine them, put them into a Retort, put upon them the former (that is their own) Water, and distil per Arenam, with a strong Fire; put this Water upon Ashes again, and di∣stil it again: Thus continue it five or six times; so the Water will be fitted for the Praecipiolum.

XVIII. The Philosophers

Key, which is the Sal Prae cipioli, or Salt of the Mer∣cury coagulate. You may remember that I gave you Instruction, that you should pour off the clear VVater from the Praecipiolum, and you should make dry the Praecipiolum, and bring it in∣to a Medicinal red Pouder: Or, you should bring it in∣to its first Matter, which shall bring all Mettals, principal∣ly its own Body into its first Matter, which cannot be done without the Sal Prae∣cipioli; which is hidden in the VVater you pour off from the Praecipiolum. That same VVater filtre through brown Paper, and set the VVater to evaporate in a round Glass, very softly in Ashes. VVhen the VVater is evaporated away, you will find at the bottom of the Glass a yellow whitish Salt, which is Sal Praecipioli, and the Clavis Philosopho∣rum, wherewith they do un∣lock the Lock of the Prae∣cipiolum, which brings the same into its first Matter. If you know not this Salt, you know nothing of the true Chymistry. This Salt does decrease in the decrease of the Moon, and increase in the full. One Grain will purge very safely all Podagra's, Struma's, vene∣rial and hydropical Humors, with two Grains of the Praecipiolum prepared.

XIX. To bring the Praeci∣piolum into its first Matter, or slippery Water: Take of the Salt p. 1. of the Prae∣cipiolum, p. 2. being dry; first dissolve the Salt in warm Water, and put it upon the Praecipiolum, and evaporate it away very gently in warm Ashes, with a very gentle fire, then is the Praecipiolum with its own Salt; put it into a little Re∣tort, nip up the neck of the Retort very close, put it into Balneum Vaporosum, and let it stand 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Weeks in dige∣stion, or to putrifie, and it will become a slimy Water. Take the Retort, open its neck, and lay the Retort in a Sand-furnace, and cover it with an earthen Pan, fix∣ing to it a Receiver well lu∣ted; give first a slow fire, then a stronger, which con∣tinue till the Spirits be well resolved into water. First

the Spirits will come forth in white Clouds, or in smoak; and at last in red Clouds or smoak; give fire so long till all the Spirits are come over in a clear white water; and when you have this sign, take the Receiver from the Retort, stopping the said Receiver very well with Wax, that no Spirits may fly away; then let the Fire go out.

XX. The Matter which remains in the Retort take out, and put it into a Bolt∣head, and stop it well, and set it in a warm place; then rectifie once the Spirits which are in the Receiver, and keep them carefully: Now observe this, you re∣member, that when the Mercury hath lost its Prae∣cipiolum, that the same Mercury will be as bright as a Venice Looking-glass: Take of this bright Mer∣cury one part; of the Spirit aforesaid two parts; put them into a Bolt head, stop it very close, and let it stand in a little warmth, and the Mercury will mix with the Spirit; then distil all through a Retort in Sand. Take again of the aforesaid Mercury, which is clear as a Venice Looking-Glass, p. i. of the Spirit p. ij. put them into a Bolt-head, and set it in a warm place, and the Mercury will mix with the Spirit and dissolve; then distil again in a Retort in Sand, (ut supra) and it will come over in form of VVater; this continue so long, 'till all the one half part of the might Mer∣cury is brought to a clear thin VVater, which keep very close stopped with VVax. Take the Pouder which I ordered to be kept in a Bolt-head, and place it very deep in a sand Capel, and give a strong Fire for twenty four Hours; then let the Fire go out, and take the Bolt-head forth, and stir the Pouder with a wooden Stick, and put it upon the half part of the clear Mer∣curial Water, closing the Glass with Hermes Seal: shake it, and let it stand in digestion in a warm place for three or four days; then pour off this into another Glass, and pour upon the remainder of the Pouder

the other half of the VVa∣ter, sealing the Glass again, and letting it stand ut supra, for three or four days; then put it to the former VVa∣ter, and Seal up the Glass Hermetically, letting it stand in Balneo Vaporoso eight Days; after distil it through a Retort, and if any thing remain in the Retort (which will be very little) pour upon it the Spirit again, and di∣stil it 'till all is come over. Now is the Salt with its own Spirit, and brought into its first Matter, keep it well stopped.

XXI. This is the VVa∣ter which the Philosophers have given divers Names to, as their Horse-dung, Balneum Mariae, and Calx Viva, and in Sum this is the Philoso∣phers true Fire, without which no true work can be done in Chymistry.

XXII. The Philosopher has brought forth this Sala∣mander, which will never wast in the Fire, the longer the stronger: This Water will increase and multiply per Infinitum; that is to say, if all the Sea were Mercu∣ry, it would turn the same into its first Matter. First you must wash your Mer∣cury with Salt and Vinegar divers times, and at last with Water, to wash away the Salt: Then mix this Mercury with Calx Vive, and Calcin'd Tartar, and (by Sect. 8. aforegoing) distil it in a Retort in a sand Fur∣nace, and fix to it a Recei∣ver, fill'd almost half full of Water, that the Mercury may fall into it and coagu∣late, which dry, and squeeze eight or ten times through Leather; so will your Mer∣cury be well purged and cleansed from all its filth and uncleanness.

XXIII. This is the Mer∣cury which you must use in the multiplying your Spirit, or Astrum Mercurij: Take of this Mercury p. i. of the Astrum Mer∣curij p. ij. put them in∣to a Bolt-head, stop it close, and let it stand in a warm place one Night; so will the Mercury melt in the Spi∣rit, or Astrum Mercurij, and turn into Water; then distil it through a Retort. Thus may you do by re∣peating the Spirit with

fresh Mercury, as long as you please.

XXIV. This Water will dissolve Gold and Silver, and all sorts of Stones, and bring them over with it, through a Retort. Gold and Silver thus dissolved, can never be se∣parated one from another: The reason is, because they and all other Mettals are of the same Nature, and have beginning from the same Water; there is nothing in the World but has its be∣ginning from it.

XXV. Medicina Universa∣lis, the Universal Medicine: Take of your fine Gold in Powder, (viz. the same which did remain when you made the Praecipiolum) one part; of your finest Silver two parts in fine Powder; put each by it self into a Glass; pour upon each the Astrum Mercu∣rij, so much as may over∣top them a Fingers breadth; stop each Glass very close, and let them stand in a warm place for eight days, and the Gold and Silver will be almost all dissolved into Water; pour off this Water, each by it self in∣to a Glass, and put more Water to the Gold and Silver which yet remains; let it stand again eight days in a warm place, and then pour off these Waters to the former Waters; so will the Gold and Silver be dissolved into Water, but there will remain some Foeces.

XXVI. Take of both these Waters a quarter part, and put them together into a Bolt-head, so as three quarters may be empty; seal it Hermetically, digest it in an Athanor in a continu∣al warm heat, 'till it comes to a fixed red Stone or Pouder. Before it be∣comes a red Pouder, there will appear many Colours, as Black, then Green, then Yellow, lastly Red: When it is very Red, and a Pou∣der, take the Bolt head and bury it in a sand Capel very deep, and give Fire by de∣grees, and at last a very strong Fire, and it will melt like Wax: Let it stand one whole Week; (but the lon∣ger the better;) then take it out, and let it cool; af∣ter break up your Glass, and

you will find a fird Stone or Pouder, and Red as Scarlet.

XXVII. Now you may remember that I bid you keep three parts of your Gold and Silver which were dissolved into Wa∣ter; put both these Waters together into a Retort, di∣stil them, and both the Gold and Silver will go over with the Water through the Retort, with which Water you shall mul∣tiply your Medicine. Now take of your Medicine p. i. in fine Pouder, and put it into a little Bolt head, putting upon it, twice as much of your Waters, as of Gold and Silver; Seal it again, and digest it in an Athanor, 'till it comes to a Red Pouder; and then put it again into the Sand Capell, for to give Fixation, and that it may melt as Wax; (as at Sect. 26.) thus may you multiply your Me∣dicine ad Infinitum; and the Pouder will dissolve in any Liquor.

XXVIII. To make the Astrum Horizontale, or Au∣rum Horizontale, viz. the Golden fix'd Praecipitate. Take the most fine Gold, to wit, that which remains over in the working of the Praecipi∣olum, dissolve it in your Astrum Mercurij, as much as you will; distil it through a Retort once or twice, and your Gold will go over a∣long with your VVater, and will never be separated one from another, for they are both of one nature.

XXIX. Now take the Praecipiolum which is made dry, (not that which is made already into a Medicine,) put into a little Glass Cu∣curbit, and put upon it your Golden Astrum Mercu∣rii, and distil from it three or four times very slowly, but at last very strongly; so will your Praecipiolum be a red and fired Stone, (as some call it,) or Pouder.

XXX. The same may be done with Mercury pur∣ged, it will fix the same in∣to a red Pouder. The same work may be done with Silver, and with your Praecipiolum; or with Quicksilver only cleansed. No man can find out all the Secrets which are hid in this

Philosophick Menstruum, the true ALKAHEST of the Immortal Paracelsus.

The KEY of HEL∣MONT and LULLY.

31. TAke Quicksilver pu∣rified fix Ounces, fine Gold purified with An∣timony one Ounce; make an Amalgama; then distil the Mercury from the Gold: mix the same Mercury again with the Gold, and thus continue 'till your Gold will no more Amalgama with your Mercury, but continue separate.

XXXII. Then take the Gold, grind it, and put it in∣to a clean Crucible, and calcine it, 'till it be almost red hot, and then quench it in the best rectified Spirit of Vinegar; when it is extin∣guished, decant the Spirit from the Gold; make the Gold dry, heat it again, and extinguish in the former Vinegar, which work repeat six or seven times.

XXXIII. Then dry your Gold, and Amalgama it a∣gain with the former Mer∣cury, and distil again as at first; and this do so long 'till the Gold will not Amal∣gama with the Mercury; then calcine the Gold again, and extinguish it in the former Spirit of Vinegar, which work repeat as before, six or seven times, and as your Spirit decays or wastes, add to it fresh Spirit of Vinegar-All these Operations you must so long continue, 'till all the Semen, Salt, or Mer∣cury coagulate, is extracted out of the Quicksilver.

XXXIV. Take then fresh Quicksilver, and work in all things as before, by Amalga∣gamating, Distilling, Calci∣ning, and Extinguishing in the said Spirit of Vinegar; and continuing still with other fresh Quicksilver so long, 'till you think you have enough from the Gold.

XXXV. Then take this Spirit of Vinegar, impregna∣ted with the whole Essence of Gold, evaporate it, or distil it very softly off, so will the Essentia Auri lye at the bottom like a yellow Salt, which dissolve in fair Rain-water distilled; filtre and evaporate again softly, then put it into a small Re∣tort

in a Sand-heat, with an indifferent large Receiver; give Fire by degrees, and it will come over in a white Spirit like Smoak, and Red like Saffron: Being resolved into a red Liquor, let the Fire go out, and keep the Essence for use. It is one of the greatest Medicines under the Sun; three or four Drops of it are able to extinguish any Sickness cu∣rable.

The OPENING of SOL and LUNA.

XXXVI. TAke of the Red Lyon twelve parts, pulverize it well, and grind it with one part of the Calx of fine Gold or Sil∣ver: Put all into a small Bolt-head, set it in Sand to the Neck, which Neck must be very well Luted; give the first degree of Fire for a Week; the next Week the second degree; the third Week the third de∣gree; and the fourth Week the fourth and last degree, to a hissing, so that if a drop of Water fall upon the Sand it may hiss.

XXXVII. Then let the Fire go out, and cut the Glass with a Ring; take the Crystalline Matter, (like a Ring near the Neck of the Glass,) pulverize and grind it with its weight of the Calx of fine Sol, or Lu∣na, as aforesaid; pass the afore-mentioned four de∣grees in eight Hours, to a hissing; open the Glass as before, and take the starry Crown, which is the living Gold or Silver.

XXXVIII. This Living Gold or Silver augment by digestion, with a twelfth part of fine Sol or Luna at a time, as often as you please, or till you have a sufficient quantity of the same: Take of this Living Sol or Luna a small quantity, digest it in Ashes till it changes Colours, viz. towards Red or White Earth: Take then this Red or White Earth, Amalgamate it with Living Gold or Sil∣ver, and Calx; digest again in a Glass Hermitically Sea∣led, till it comes to a per∣fect Redness or Whiteness.

LIBRI PRIMI. FINIS