CHAP. XIX. Of the STONE in the Reins.

1. AS this is a Disease with which many are afflicted, so it is of as hard and difficult Cure, for which variety of Medica∣ments are instituted. The cause of which is this: That those things which do some good and cure them to boot, yet do others no good at all, and sometimes make them worse; for which Rea∣son sake, we shall make it it our Business here to exa∣mine variety of Authors, and hear what they all say.

II. It is a Disease like the Colick; but it is distingui∣shed from it, because in the Stone, the pain continues 〈◊〉 in one place; and in the beginning the Urine is clear, but afterwards of a troubled Substance, bringing forth with it at length Gravel, Stones, and such-like; where∣as in the Colick the Pain is different, or in different Parts, afflicting for the most part the Colon; and in the beginning the Urine is of a troubled Substance, af∣terwards more clear.

III. How Gravel (which is the Progenerator of the Stone) is bred, there is va∣rious Opinions: Spigelius, by his Discourse, seems to believe it to be bred in the Veins; for he saith, That he has found the Blood in the Veins full of small Gra∣vel; and if so, it is natural for it to descend with the Substance of the Blood, into the emulgent Arteries, and from thence with the Serum to the Reins and Blad∣der.

IV. But by what Artifice Gravel is generated, is ano∣ther Page  119 Question: II care not greatly if I relate to you a singular Observation which I made whilst I was in the West-Indies. In those Coun∣tries, for clearing of Ground, the People commonly lay all the Wood on heaps, and burn it: I did the like of Wood growing upon a very sandy piece of Land, the Substance of the Earth (un∣der its upper Crust) being a pure white Sand. I had very white and soft Ashes, not inferiour in softness to our finest Wheat-flour, or white Starch, in which not the least appearance of Gra∣vel or Sand could be discer∣ned by any means. Of these Ashes I had occa∣sion to make a Lixivi∣um, sometimes for Expe∣dition sake by boiling. The Lixivum being decanted, and the Ashes cast away, I had the curiosity to view, and by an exact scrutiny, found them to be nothing but pure white Sand, with∣out any of the small and soft particles of Ashes, which before the elixiviating of them, made them feel like pure, fine, and soft Wheat∣flour. This I did, 'tis pos∣sible, an hundred times, and always produced the same Sand: From whence I de∣duced these things: 1. That those Trees, (which in those Countries are mostly of a mighty bigness, chiefly Pine, Oaks, Hickeries, and such∣like, (Herbs, Plants, and the like,) growing upon such sandy ground, have all their Nourishment and Substance from that Sand, whether white, red, yellow, or of what Colour soever. 2. That by the plastick Virtue of the Plant, the Substance of the said Sand is dissolved and fitted for the Norishment of the same Plant. 3. That the said Sand is dissolved in∣to a moist Humor, and it may be resinous or glutinous, or aqucous, consonant to the Nature of the same Vege∣table; the same kind of Sand which produces an Oak, makes also a Pine, Hic∣kery, Ash, or other Plant, growing upon the same: For if they were not gene∣rated or produced of Sand, (the Earth being scarcely any thing else, ten or twen∣ry Page  120 Foot deep, in those Pla∣ces,) Of what other Matter can they be made? 4. That an Analysis being made by burning and elixiviation, the whole Substance of the Plant (in a manner) resumes its prima Materia, or first Matter again, converting its Body into Sand, and not into any other Principle. 5. That the Extremity and Violence of the Fire, has not power to destroy the Idea of the prime Cause; but it still retains the same through all Vicissitudes and Changes, even of the strongest Fire it self.

V. I. made also another Observation, of the same kind of Trees, Herbs, and Plants, growing upon the same kind of Land, from their rotting: Great Pine-Trees, four or five Foot in Diametre, and others, being rotted upon the Ground, although the rotten Wood at first become only light and chaffie, then a Slime and Mud; yet that Slime or Mud, and Rottenness, gra dually converted from that brown, dark, or black Co∣lour, and soft, clammy, mu∣cillaginous and rotten Sub∣stance, into a pure white Sand, no ways unlike to the first Substance, or that of which they were primarily generated; all which things might clearly be discerned in many of them, according to the differing Degrees and Times of Rotting or Putri∣fying, as Nature had been several Years in performing that Work and Operation: Those which were produ∣ced of white Sand, reverted into white Sand again; those of red Sand, into red Sand, &c.

VI. Out of what has been said, it clearly appears, that Things by resolution natu∣rally return into the Matter of which they were first ge∣nerated; so that according to the Food, and the Place or Matter that Food was generated from, being again resolved in Man's Body, is the Production of Juices, Humors, Blood, Flesh, and other Substances of the same. So true and faithful is the Work of GOD in the U∣niverse, that as He cannot Page  121 deny Himself, so neither can the Things He causes to be produced, lose their first Ideas and Potentialities, though they never so often change their Forms and Ap∣pearances, but will after a long race or course of Vicis∣situdes and Alterations, re∣turn to their first Matter again.

VII. And thus the first Cause of the Stone is to be sought into farther, than the Parts in which it is genera∣ted, or the natural Spirits possessing the same; though I do not deny what Rive∣rius says upon the point, but that there may be a petrifactive Spirit, which may be assisting in that Ge∣neration: Both which con∣sidered, may be the Reason that some People may be troubled with this Disease, and some not.

VIII. Gravel subsiding does not nocessarily indicate the Stone, but sometimes the material Cause only thereof, (for multitudes of People that are perpetually free from the Stone, do many times make much Gra∣vel,) yet possibly it may si∣gnifie a Disposition to that Disease: For if Gravel, which used constantly to come away, is afterwards suppressed, and Pain is felt, the Urine being clear and thin, there is great danger that the Gravel may concrete into a Stone; and when it is made again with Pain and Stranguary, it is a sign there is a Stone generated.

IX. Gravel which is bred in the Veins, comes away with the Urine, and is mixt with the Sediment; but what is bred in the Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder, pre∣sently resides, as the Urine is made: Authors say, it proceeds from adustion of the Humors; bred in the Liver and Veins, and sticks to the sides of the Pot, nor does it sink to the bottom, as that which comes from the Reins; it also breaks by rubbing with ones Fingers, and appears of a more saline Substance, whereas the other neither yields to the Fingers, nor can it easily be dissolved. This Gravel of a saline Sub∣stance, Page  122 is dissolved in warm Urine, and appears not whilst it is yet hot, but the Urine being cold, it coagu∣lates and sticks to the sides of the Chamber-pot, or U∣rinal, not much unlike Tar∣tar in a Cask of Wine, or which is dissolved in hot Water; which cooling a∣gain, sticks to the sides of a Vessel; so that the very Na∣ture of this Gravel and Tar∣tar, seem to be much a∣like.

X. And this possibly may in a great measure proceed from the same Cause, viz. from drinking Wine, especial∣ly new Wine, not sufficiently enough freed from its Tar∣tar, the which is evident in all those Countries which abound with, and drink much Wine, in which the Stone and Gout, from those tartarous Concretions, are ve∣ry familiar and common.

XI. Now why Wine should (by much drinking of it) cause those Diseases, is apparent from its tartarous or petrefactive quality; and why Wine should breed or have such plenty of Tartar, is also as clear from the Principle before-named, at Sect. 6. deduced from the two foregoing Observations at Sect. 4, & 5. for that Vines generally delight and grow in sandy Ground, and upon the sandy sides of Hills, and in many places upon meer Rocks themselves, out of whose sole Substance, not only the Body of the Wine, but also its Leaves and Fruit, are wholly made, and by the plastick Virtue of the Plant formed; so that it is no wonder, for a Liquor formed out of the Substance of a Rock, or out of Stones and Gravel, being resolved, to revert into its first Prin∣ciples again, and where it can reside, or dwell, and have a home, to breed that Matter of which it is gene∣rated. And this your great Claret-Drinkers, sufficiently afflicted with Gout, or Stone, and sometimes with both, can, by sad Experience, tell; for that Red, or Claret Wine abounds with Tartar, much more than other Wine does, as the very Vessels contai∣ning it sufficiently witness.

Page  123 XII. You ought to avoid purging in the height of the Paroxysm, or till the pain is somewhat asswaged; for even a strong Cathartick, being given whilst the Pain is violent, will many times not purge at all; because the Parts only mindful of the Pain, feel not the Ca∣thartick force at all; or at leastwise they so contract themselves, as not anywise to assist the Medicine.

XIII. In remedies for the Stone we are to consider, 1. What Things give ease and relief in the Paroxysm. 2. What Things open the Passages, so as to make way for the Water. 3. What Things cleanse the Parts of Sand and Gravel. 4. What Things naturally or by ac∣cident dissolve sandy and stony Concretions. 5. What kinds of Purges are most ne∣cessary in this case.

XIV: The first of these is done by Opiates, and Things a-kin to them; but their Matter and Composition, and way and manner of Exhibition, remains to be enquired into. They are given in Liquids, or in a more solid Body: As also either by the Mouth, or by the Fundament, or by the Urinary passage.

XV. The Matter of which they are made, is Opium, or Things of like Nature with it, as Purslane, Lettise, Night∣shade, Stramonium, &c. As for Preparations made of Opium, there are scarcely any better than what we have invented; such as are, 1. Our Guttae Vitae, which may be given from twenty Drops to one hundred; and in ex∣tremity to two hundred, or a full spoonful. 2. Our Spi∣ritus Anodynus in like Dose and manner. 3. Our Anti∣dotus from one Scruple to two Drams, or more. 4. Our Theriaca Londinensis from half a Scruple to two Scru∣ples; and in extremity of Torture to one Dram. 5. Our Volatile Laudanum from two Grains to six or eight, or to ten or twelve, or more, if gradually given, and inex∣tremity. I remember once Page  124 I knew a Gentlewoman, which had lain about twen∣ty days in extream Torture, and continually crying out for Death, making in all that time little or no Water: She sent for a Dram of Crude Opium, resolving upon a fa∣tal ease: She had it, and took it unknown to any a∣bout her; She fell into a Sleep for about twenty four Hours, then waked in ease, and freely and plentifully made Water; nor was she ever after troubled with any more Paroxysms. Though this succeeded well, yet such bold attempts are not practicable; I here only re∣corded this matter of Fact, for the Gentlemen of our Art to contemplate the rea∣son of the thing, and to consider how far a man may warrantably goe in extremity, or where the case seems desperate.

XVI. We have also other preparations of Opium, which we have found extraordina∣ry effecting, as 1. Our Tin∣ctura Opii Sulphurata. 2. Our Elixir Opiatum. 3. And our Eaudanum Volatile cum Aloe. The first of these we often∣times give to those who na∣turally disaffect Opium, and all other kind of Opiates; for by reason of the Acid, the Opiatick is so corrected, that it never disaffects the Stomach, nor alters its Tone, as the other prepa∣rations of it do. The Opi∣ated Elixir is a Stomatick, and of good use where Vo∣miting is present: And where there is a constipati∣on of the Bowels, my Lau∣danum Volatile, with Aloes, is of singular use; and the effects are more than ordi∣nary, for that the Aloes, though joyned with the Opi∣ates, yet seem not to lose any part of their Cathartick force, and in some Consti∣tutions the Medicine works more, than if the Aloes were given alone.

XVII. A Tincture drawn out of the Seeds of Stramo∣nium, or out of the Leaves carefully dried, gives pre∣sent ease: So the inspissate Juice of the Leaves, given from ten Grains to one Scruple, made up into the form of a Pill or Bolus. Page  125 Crato commends the Juice of Purslane, being inspissated and made into Pills, and given to the quantity of a Dram, he says it does won∣ders. Syrup of the Juice of Lettice is also of good use, being given to three or four Spoonfuls; it may be thus made. Take Juice of Let∣tice two Pound, white Sugar as much; mix, boyl, clarifie, and make a Syrup; the Syrup being made and cold, add thereto Spirit of Wine a Quart. It is a thing not to be de∣spised.

XVIII. But if the Tor∣ture be tolerable, 'twill be much better to give such things as have an apperitive Virtue and Power, which may gently open or purge, or evacuate; because by emptying, the parts will be∣come more Lax, and so the easier submit to the o∣pening Medicine: This I commend as a thing fami∣liar for both Intentions. Take Juice or Decoction of Speed∣well eight Ounces, choice Man∣na two Ounces; mix for a Dose. It opens and purges gent∣ly. Asses Milk is likewise commended for People troubled with the Stone, for that it exceeds all sorts of Milk in serosity and subtilty: If the Sick be Costive, let it be sweetned with Manna, for Manna has a peculiar property, both of opening the Urinary Passages, and giving ease, whereby the Matter offending is the more fit to be carried off. Au∣thors have commended Ca∣mels Milk, and not without a shew of Reason, as being good against the Dropsie, because they Feed upon Spurge, Widdow-wail, Ra∣nunculus, and such like strong, fiery, and cathartick Herbs, whereby their Milk acquires a Purgative Faculty, and the Serum becomes detersive. But some Authors will have all Milk to breed the Stone, because it is caseous; but this is Error; For why should the solid Substance of Milk breed the Stone more than other solid Sub∣stances Except there be a real petrifactive property in it, which none ever yet could prove: And truly in this I think Galen was whol∣ly in the wrong: I am Page  126 clearly of the contrary O∣pinion; for the curdy part of Milk is only Nutritive, and the greatest part of it dis∣solves in the Stomach into a chylous Juice, (God Al∣mighty Himself seeing it the best and most innocent Nourishment, even for In∣fanes as soon as they are Born; And who dares to doubt His Wisdom?) whilst the oily and serous parts of it cool, moisten, open, cleanse, and make slippery the Passages.

XIX. Now things are said to open, rather in re∣spect to their emollient, at∣tenuating, and discussive Qua∣lities, than to their Diuretick, because there are many things-which powerfully o∣pen Obstructions, that pro∣voke not Urine at all; a∣mongst which are most bit∣ter Herbs and Plants, which open by a Specifick Virtue, as Centory, Wormwood, Hops, Gentian, Carduus, Camo∣mil: and Carminatives, which do it by a discussive proper∣ty, such are Angelica, Sou∣thernwood, Parsly, Smal∣lage, Anniseed, Cuminseed, all the sorts of Pepper, Cloves, Nutmegs, Fennelseeds, Cara∣ways, Carotseeds, &c. And Emollients which do it by their softning and making slippery; such are Oil Olive, Mallows, Marshmallows, Lillies, Spinage, boiled O∣nions, Garlick, Leeks, &c. But the true, great, and chief of all Openers is Iron, and the aperitive Prepara∣tions thereof, which do that in a Day, which none of the others will do in a Month; for which purpose I commend my Tinctura Martis, as one of the most famous things in the World; to which may be added Tinctura ad Chlorosin, an ap∣proved thing for opening the most obdurate Obstru∣ctions.

XX. The Matter being prepared, the next thing is to cleanse the Vessels and Passages of slime, filth, mat∣ter, sand, or gravel, which does, or may obstruct the Passages of the Urine; and this is properly done with Diu∣reticks; of which kind of Medicaments Authors ad∣mirably abound: We shall Page  127 not here tell you all that has been said upon that Sub∣ject, but rather give you an Abstract of the choicest and most approved Experiments of that kind. Take of our Tinctura Stomachica two Dra. Juice of Garlick one Dram, White or Rhenish-wine, six Ounces; mix for a Draught: I have often proved it with good success: Or this. Take Juice of Onions two Ounces, Juice of Hydropiper half an Ounce, White or Rhenish∣wine eight Ounces; mix for a Draught. I gave this to one in extremity, a Woman, that had not made Water in eight or nine Days, it made her make Water, and gave her ease in less than an hour. Take Onions four Ounces, bruise them, Anniseeds, Cara∣ways, ana two Drams, bruised. Infuse them all Night in White∣wine; then squeeze forth the Wine, and let the Sick drink it; it is a singular Experi∣ment.

XXI. Sennertus commends Lignum Nephriticum, and Lapis Nephriticus; and so does Experience too: Take Raspings of Lignum Nephriti∣cum two Ounces, Spring water two Pound; infuse 'till the Water is blewish, for twenty four, or forty eight Hours; then decant for three Doses. Or thus: Take Raspings of the Wood two Ounces, Spring∣water, White-wine, ana one Pound; digest for forty eight Hours, then decant or strain out the clear for use, for three Doses. Or thus: Take Raspings of Lignum Nephriti∣cum two Ounces, Winter-Cherries bruised one Ounce, White- or Rhenish wine two Pound; mix, digest forty eight Hours, and strain out for use.

XXII. Or you may draw forth the Tincture with our Spiritus Universalis, after this manner: Take Raspings of Lignum Nephriticum two Oun∣ces, Spiritus Universalis one Pound; digest twenty four Hours, so will a substantial Tincture he drawn; decant and filtre; to the filtred Liquor put Alchool of Spirit of Wine one Pound; digest twenty four Hours more, so will the Sulphur of the Wood be drawn into the Wine, which you may decant, leaving the Spiritus Univer∣salis at the bottom, with which Page  128 you may perform the like again. Dose one Dram to two, in any convenient Ve∣hicle, as Waters of Onions, Parsley, or Hydropiper, Mead, White- or Rhenish∣wine, or the like. The La∣pis Nephriticus is seldom given inwardly; if you do it, give the levigated Pouder from one Scruple to half a Dram, or two Scruples, in Syrup, or other fit Liquor. But the usual way of using the Stone is to wear it as a Jewel, being tied to the Wrist or Arm, or hung a∣bout the Neck or Hip. I once knew a Lady which experimented the truth of this; as long as the Stone was tied to the brawn of her Arm she had ease, and voided much Gravel con∣tinually upon making Wa∣ter; but as soon as the Stone was removed, the Gravel stopt, and the pains retur∣ned; and that she might be sure this was the effect of the Stone, she oftentimes laid it by for experiment sake, and the stoppage and pains in some few Hours would return upon the ta∣king it off; and again, upon the putting it on, she would have as sensible ease, and free∣dom of passage as before.

XXIII. Trallianus, Lib. 3. Cap. 39. saith, The Herb Peony (in Pouder) drunk with honied Wine, is an ex∣cellent thing against obstru∣ction of Urine, caused by a Stone so hard as not to be broken: But the Tincture drawn from the Herb, with our Spiritus Universalis, as a∣bove directed, and then with Spirit of Wine, being drunk with the said honied Wine, is much more effe∣ctual: After the same man∣ner you may make a Tin∣cture of Golden-Rod, which will be no less effectual; for that the Crude Herb had been proved in this case, in innumerable Persons, (as Carolus Piso saith) with hap∣py success.

XXIV. Zacutus Lusitanus, Praxis Lib. 2. Observ. 58. saith, A Man sixty Years old of a cold Constitution, was cured of the Stone by Purgations, made of Tur∣pentine which he took divers ways, and a daily use of a Page  129 Decoction of Lignum Nephri∣ticum; by which he voided red Gravel, and a Stone, and was well for two Years together. His Disease af∣terwards coming upon him again, Clysters, Ointments, Fomentations, Plasters; Phle∣botomy, Baths, were all used in vain, his Urine be∣ing retained eighteen Days, he began to be afflicted with the Falling-Sickness by Fits and the Sick was given over as desperate; at length he took Oyl of sweet Almonds, with drops of Natural Bal∣sam; (I suppose he means Balsam of Peru;) it made him void a clammy Humor by Stool, and small Gravel by Urine; and continuing the use of the said Remedy, he voided with Bloody U∣rine, a Stone of the bigness of a Date-stone, of a purple colour, long, round, rough, and very hard, and now making Water very freely, he took a greater quantity of the Oyl of sweet Almonds viz. to three Ounces, and the Balsam to the quantity of half an Ounce, and in the space of ten days he voided sixty five Stones, hard, and of the bigness and shape of Vetches. And with this Remedy alone he was pre∣served for the future; for he used every Morning to take half an Ounce of the Oyl, with six drops of the said Balsam, by which he voided gravelly Urine, and lived many Years: By this Balsam, Avenzoar saith he cured a Scrivener, who was at Death's door with the Stone: If you cannot get the true Balsam, Zacutus ad∣vises to use instead thereof Stacte, which is the precious droppings of Myrrh, and comes out of the East-Indies. also from Peru; which, saith he, works rare effects. In the same Observation he saith, That he had many times driven out great Stones that were firmly fixed in the cavities of the Kidnies, by the Water distilled out of Green Tobacco, which he gave the Patient to drink.

XXV. Platerus, in Lib. 2. of his Observations, tells us, He cured one of the Stone with this Julep: Take Pel∣litory-water one Ounce, Fennel water, Bean-flower-water, Ju∣lep Page  130 of Roses, ana half an Ounce; mix them; giving the Patient to drink after a de∣coction of Pease, Bean-shales, Parsly Roots, and Restharrow-Roots. Another he cured by giving 1. A Clyster. 2. A Narcotick. 3. Pellitory and Turpentine-water, ana half an Ounce, by which the Stone got into the Bladder, and then into the Yard, and there stopt; he sate in a Bath, and a little after pis∣sed it forth: And by the taking of this following Pou∣der, twice a Week, a Spoon∣ful at a time, a Patient of his voided many Stones, and the continued use of it pre∣vented the pain. Take Li∣quorice in Pouder half an Ounce, dried Peach-kernels one Ounce, Anise and Fennel-seeds, ana two Ounces, Winter-Cherries one Dram, Gromwel∣seeds half a Dram, Crabs-Eyes two Drams, Sugar-Can∣dy one Ounce and a half; make a fine Pouder: He drank af∣ter it a decoction of Pease, Parsley, and Bean-shales, with Butter, and a little Salt. And in Lib. 3. of his said Observations, he com∣mends this: Take Turpen∣tine two Ounces, Honey one Ounce, Yolk of one Egg; grind them in a Mortar together, 'till they are white; then add White Wine, Pellitory-water, Bean-flower-water, ana one Ounce and a half, Syrup of Limons, or Juice of Citrons one Ounce; mix them: Dose one Ounce and a half. The Sick took also these Pills: Take Cyprus Turpentine half an ounce, Sugar-candy two Drams; with Syrup of Limons make Pills: Dose one Dram at a time, drinking after, a decoction of red Pease; but while his pain was great he gave him an Opiate, and sometimes a cleansing Cly∣ster of Whey, Yolks of Eggs, Turpentine and Honey. Pla∣terus gave this to a Patient thrice, which had his Urine stopt: Take Turpentine five Drams, Yolks of Eggs two, Honey one Ounce, Wine four Ounces: By the use whereof he avoided so many Rags, that he wrote to him, That a torn Shirt came out of his Blad∣der: Thus was he cured, and lived many Years after sound: and with the same kind of Potion he cured a French Minister, who voided Page  131 the Stone with the first Dose.

XXVI. I cured a Man after he had been twelve Years troubled with the Stone and Gravel, with this mixture: Take Venice or Strasburgh Turpentine four Ounces; Oyl of sweet Almonds six Ounces, Honey two Drams; melt and mix them well toge∣ther; it opened the Passages, made him presently piss free∣ly, and brought away a great quantity of Sand and small Stones: He took it Morning and Evening, half an Ounce, or better at a time, for three Months, drinking after it Arsmart∣water, and was perfectly cured, so that for many Years after he had not the least Pain or Symptom. A∣nother I cured with this: Take Strasburgh Turpentine eight Ounces, Yolks of four Eggs; grind them together in a Mortar, 'till they are white; then add Oyl of sweet Almonds four Ounces; and mix them well by grinding: Dose, an Ounce Morning and Eve∣ning, drinking a Glass of Mead after. This he con∣tinued for eight or ten Weeks, it continually brought away Sand and large Gravel, and he was perfectly cured. Salmon.

XXVII. Bartholinus tells us, That he found no ease by any Diuretick, except Bean-shale-water, which brought away Gravel; so that, saith he, more may be attributed to it, in bringing away the Stone, than to Millepedes: And, saith he, Egg-shells are given with singular success, (after the Chickens are Hatched) ei∣ther to break, or expel the Stone, this Lithontriptick be∣ing reckoned among Secrets of this kind. For this pur∣pose Ludovicus Mercatus commends the Flower and Seed of Star-Thistle, as a thing highly in request, for purging and cleansing the Reins and Bladder; daily experience (saith he) still confirming it; giving two Ounces of the distilled Wa∣ter in the Morning Fasting; but an Essence of the whole Plant (as we have taught in Chap. 5. Sect. 35, and 37, a∣foregoing) is much better.

Page  132 XXVIII. Augenius, in his Medicinal Epistles, Lib. 12. Ep. 1, and 2, saith, He has cured near six hundred of the Stone by this following Syrup, giving three Ounces at a time, with six Ounces of the decoction of Eringo, for fifteen days together, five hours before Dinner, Universals being premised. Take Saxifrage, Knee-holly, Eringo, Lovage, Restharrow, Anise, Fennel, Parsly, Grass, ana half an Ounce, Horse-Radish Roots two Ounces, Leaves of Betony, Burnet, Marsh-Mallows, Nettles, Pen∣ny-royal, Rocket, Calamint, Knot-grass, Pellitory of the Wall, ana M. qu. Winter-Cherries twenty, Sebestens fif∣teen, Seeds of Basil, Burdock, Parsly, Seseli, Millet, ana three Ounces, Bark of the Bay-Tree Root, Liquorice, ana three Drams, Water five Quarts; boyl 'till three Quarts only remain; strain, and with Honey two Pound, Sugar four Pound; make a Syrup, and aromatize it with Cinnamon one Ounce, Nutmegs half an Ounce. Probably it may do good, there is no Argu∣ment against Experience, yet it looks like a hotch∣potch of all together.

XXIX. Crato, in Consiliis, saith, That he prefers Eringo Roots candied, or steeped in White-wine; and Syrup of the Juice of Speedwel before all; though (saith he) I am not Ignorant that the Roots of Brier and Restharrow do much good when the Stone is manifest. And for the pain in the Kidneys caused by the Stone, there is no∣thing (saith he) better than a Decoction of Speedwel, or the Inspissate Juice thereof: But an Essence of the Plant crude, as we have directed in Chap. 5. Sect. 35 and 37, much transcends them both.

XXX. Fresh Oyl of Hasle∣nuts by expression, given to three Ounces at a time every day, for some time, is com∣mended as an excellent thing; and a certain Physi∣cian attests, That by the daily use thereof he has seen several Stones voided. The same probably may be done with expressed Oyl of sweet Almonds, as also with Page  133 the expressed Oyl of Wall-nuts, but more with the expressed Oyl of Orange, Limon, or Ci∣tron Kernels. Outwardly al∣so to anoint with this fol∣lowing Oyl, it is of good use: Take Oyl of Scorpions four Ounces, Oyl of bitter Al∣monds one Ounce, Palm Oyl six Drams, Oyl of Juniper∣berries half an Ounce; mix them, and anoint the region of the Loyns therewith, Morning and Evening.

XXXI. With this follow∣ing Remedy I have done al∣most Miracles in expelling Sand, Gravel and Stones, out of both Reins and Blad∣der: Take Balsamum Co∣paybae (or as we call it Capi∣vi) four Ounces, Yolks of Eggs four, Oyl of sweet Almonds, Honey, ana three Ounces, Oyl of Juniper berries one Dram: Grind all together in a Glass Mortar, 'till they are perfectly mixed, and keep the Mixture for use. Dose, from six Drams to an Ounce, every Night going to Bed, drink∣ing after it three Ounces of the Essence of Speedwel, in a Glass of Rhenish-wine and Su∣gar. Salmon.

XXXII. Beverovicius de Calculo, Cap. 12. saith, That when the ways are loosned (I suppose he means with Oily and Mucilaginous things,) nothing is more effectual to remove the Stone, than one Dram of Sal Prunellae, to be given in Rhenish-wine, warm, by which Medicine alone (saith he) I have often brought away the Stone of the Blad∣der from Children. Crabs-Eyes are of tenuious Parts and Diuretick; they break the Stone, and force it away by Urine, especially the Liquor of them, which prepared after this manner is best: Take Crabs-Eyes finely pou∣dred two Ounces, Acetum Te∣rebinthinatum four Ounces; stop, and digest for a Night in hot Ashes; the next Day decant what is clear, and pour on as much more, repeating this work so often 'till all the Pou∣der is dissolved: These Liquors filterate, and evaporate to dryness, and the Salt will re∣main at bottom, which dissolve in a Cellar into Liquor, per deliquium. Dose gut. ten or twelve, in Horse Radish Page  134 Water, or some such like. This Liquor is much more efficacious than the Crabs-Eyes in substance.

XXXIII. Quercetan his Nephritick-water is of great account; and it is thus made: Take Juice of Horse-Radish, of Limons, ana one Pound and a half, Waters of Betony, Saxifrage, Wild Tansey, Ver∣vain, ana one Pound, Hydro∣mel, Malmsey, ana two Pound, Juniper-berries three Ounces, Seeds of Millet, great Bur∣dock, Nettles, Onions, Anise, Fennel, ana one Ounoe and a half; of the four greater cold Seeds, Marsh-mallows, ana six Drams, burnt Egg-shells, Cinnamon, ana three Drams, Cloves two Drams; digest all four or five days in a gentle Balneo; then strain out, and distill in Ashes. He says this Water does wonders in the Stone, and against suppres∣sion of Urine: Dose from two Drams to an Ounce. He adds a Dram of two sorts of Lithontriptick Spe∣cies to the Composition; but the smalness of the propor∣tion to the former large quantity, signifies but little. I am of Opinion the Juice of Limons alone depurated, without that specious pre∣paration, or given in Malm∣sey-wine, as Guarinonius ad∣vises, may be as good; it is found by experience effe∣ctually to purge and cleanse the Reins, and to give help to many, and that without any harm to the Stomach, especially if sheathed with Honey or Sugar.

XXXIV. Brannerus de Calculo commends the fol∣lowing Syrup as an excel∣lent Remedy, leaving no calculous Matter behind in the Kidnies, if after Pur∣ging, two Spoonfuls of it be taken at a time in the Mor∣ning Fasting: Take Juice of Speedwell one Pound, Juice of Ground Ivy six Ounces, of Purslane three Ounces; mix, and make a Syrup with Ho∣ney one Pound and a half. Both Helmont and Faber com∣mend the Liquor of the Birch-Tree, which we call Birch-wine, as a Remedy that does not only expel the Stone and Gravel, but Page  135 also prevents the Bleeding thereof.

XXXV. Riverius saith, The Ashes of Egg-shells given from half a Dram to one Dram in White-wine, pow∣erfully expels the Stone lod∣ged in the passages of the Urine: So also, the Salt of Bean-Cods and Stalks, of which half a Dram in White-wine operates after a wonderful manner: Also Tartar Vitriolate given in the same Dose. Spirit of Salt is also praised, some drops of it being taken in the Mor∣ning Fasting in Broth, or some other Liquor, as Wine, Decoction of Eringo, &c. He commends this Potion not a little: Take Straw∣berry and Saxifrage-waters, ana two Ounces, White wine six Ounces, Oyl of sweet Al∣monds two Ounces, Spirit of Vitriol one Dram; mix for three Doses, to be given six Hours one after another. Take Sal Prunellae, Crystals of Tartar, Pouder of Ivy∣berries, and Leaves of Cresses, ana partes equales, with some proper Syrup make Pills, of which take one Dram, every Morning Fasting.

XXXVI. AEtius, Sextus Platonicus, and Guarinonius, do all of them commend a Hare baked in an Oven, 'till it is dry, then poudred; (but Poterius saith the Ashes of a Hare) given from one to two Drams in Wine, is pro∣fitable to expel the Stone, some say to dissolve it; as also to prevent its breeding for the future; made into Pills with Turpentine, it is indeed of good use. The Pouder of Deers-blood given to one Dram, is commended to expel the Stone, as Hofe∣rus affirms. Motherwort, and the Roots of Vervain in Pou∣der, or the Essence of those Plants prepared as we have taught in Chap. 5. Sect. 35, and 37. and drank with White-wine, or Mead, a little warmed, are incredi∣ble Remedies in removing all things that hinder the passage of the Urine, as Hofman and Marquardus say.

XXXVII. For Medicines given Clyster-wise, Fonta∣nus commends the Decoction of Millet, given to half a Pint; but, without doubt, Page  136 it may be much more effe∣ctual if half an Ounce of Tur∣pentine be added to it, being first ground with the Yolk of an Egg, to open its bo∣dy.

XXXVIII. Zecchius in his Consultations commends, yea, says nothing is better to bring away the Stone in the Kidnies than warm Wa∣ter, or Veal, or Mutton, or Chicken-broth; five or six Ounces being drunk pretty warm Morning and Eve∣ning before Eating. And the great heat of the Reins will be taken away (which is the essicient cause of the pains of the Stone returning) if boyled Water, to the quantity of seven or eight Ounces, be drank before Meals twice a day, for no∣thing renders the Kidnies so free from Recrements, and so temperate: and their fiery heat is at length extinguished with the warm Water, so that they can never after breed the Stone: If to what our Author here says, you add to each Draught half a Dram of Salt of Tartar, or pure Nitre, it will, in my Opinion, be much more effectual, because those Salts do in some measure direct the Water to the parts afficted: If also it be sweetned with Ho∣ney, the Medicament will be still the better, for that it will less disaffect the Stomach, which in some People it will be apt to do. Salmon.

XXXIX. Saxonia in pre∣scribing some familiar Purge for such as are troubled with the Stone, mightily discom∣mends the use of Cassia, whe∣ther for Prevention or Re∣vulsion: Petrus Pigray, Lib. 7. Cap. 4. says, That Cassia agrees very ill with those that are troubled with the Stone: Others say that Cas∣sia has increased the Disease, and that the heat of Urine always followed the taking of it. Fabritius Hildanus tells us That two Ounces of Cas∣sia being given one in a continual Fever, it raised such a Flux of Urine, that for three days together he made his Urine so hot every time, that he thought a red hot Wire had been drawn through his Yard.

Page  137 XL: To all this we an∣swer, 1: That very famous Physicians, no ways infe∣rior to the former, have constantly used Cassia with very good success: Platerus scarcely gave any thing in the Stone without it, and often gave it mixt with Manna: And the learned Deckers, in his Annotations upon Barbet, gave it to a Man of sixty years of Age with good success: I have oftentimes given it both a∣lone, and mixt it with Tur∣pentine, with a singular Ad∣vantage, never with the ill Effects above-named. 2. If we enquire into the Nature of the Medicine, we find it to be cooling, and without any sharpness of Parts, so that I can never think that any Medicine can give that which its self has not. 3. We ought to consider the Na∣ture of those Bodies on whom Cassia had so ill an Effect (as they say) in the Stone; and then probably we may perceive that those supposed Effects, rather a∣rose from the prevalency of the morbifick Matter, than the Medicine, and that had any other Medicament been given at that time, adapted to the Distemper with the highest scrutiny, and Inge∣nuity of the most learned in our Profession, 'tis possible the same Effects might have ensued; so that in Prudence we ought to ascribe the afore-enumerated Disadvan∣tages to the Habit of the Body, and prevalency of some acid Humor aboun∣ding at that time, rather than to the Cassia, or the innocent use of any Medi∣cine whatsoever. Salmon.

XLI. Crato prefers the simple Decoction of Speedwel with Sugar, before all the more famous and great Me∣dicines inwardly given for the Stone: The use (saith he) of a Clyster made only of a Decoction of Speedwel with Sugar, will do more good than any Medicine taken by the mouth; you may put into the Decoction some fat of a Loin of Mut∣ton or Veal, of a Rabbet or Capon, that so it may be more smooth and slippery, or for want of these you Page  138 may take some fresh Butter. The Sick often find more relief in the Cholick or Stone, from a simple Cly∣ster of Milk and Sugar, boi∣led either with Speedwel or Cammomil-flowers, than from Clysters more richly and largely compounded of hot Things, because they by discussing Pain, encrease Wind, whereby the Pain is augmented, which is only to be appeased with Ano∣dines.

XLII. The Decoction of Pease made with Daucus Seed, Parsley-Seed, or sweet Fennel-Seed, is a Medicine not to be despised, and ma∣ny, by taking it alone, have had a perfect Cure: But as Diureticks in the Cure of this Disease are necessary to get the Gravel and Stone out of the Reins: So for prevention; and in time of Health, we must abstain from the too much use of them, lest while they pro∣voke Urine, by a constant use of them, they make o∣pen the ways and passages to the Kidneys, whereby all the crude Humors, and Re∣crements of the Blood may tend thither, and make Mat∣ter to breed the Gravel and Stone: This is the fear of some Artists, though caus∣lesly enough where neither the Meat nor Drink recei∣ved, tends by resolution to such a generation, nor a pe∣trifactive Spirit lodges in the Parts. However, Dieu∣reticks, for that they quickly run to the Reins, and carry along with them the Food crude and unconcocted, thereby loading the Parts already afflicted, though they are not the Cause of the Matter of the Stone, yet they are to be given with the more caution, lest by their violence, heaping up Matter, they the more streighten those Parts which are already too much streightned by the Body of the petrifactive Matter there lodged already. And there∣fore it is Prudence to give them a long time after Meat, or upon an empty Stomach; and if it may be done, after the Body is purged or cleansed.

Page  139 XLIII. Paracelsus com∣mends Spirit of Salt, and Spirit of Juniper; as also Spirit and Tincture of Nitre, Salt, and Antimony. Willis commends several Diure∣ticks whose Basis is a vola∣tile Salt; and several like∣wise whose Basis is an alca∣lisate Salt; some also whose Basis is an acid Salt. Sylvius says the Stone must either be dissolved, or expelled un∣dissolved. For dissolving, he proposes Spirit of Nitre, giving ten or twelve Drops of it in Decoction of Grass-Root. All Stones (says he) that I have yet found, are dissolved in acid Spirit of Nitre; whence I conceive, that none can conclude that the coagulation of Stones can proceed from an acid, but, on the contrary, from something opposite to it. The virtue of generating Stones (says he) lies in au∣stere Things, upon which account they give Glutinosi∣ty and toughness to Fluids; to which if (fixt) earthy and volatile saline Parts be join∣ed, something not unlike the Stone (he should have said by help of a petrifactive Gass or Spirit) is generated. Now this coagulated Au∣stere, is infringed by the sharp Acid of the Spirit of Nitre. And therefore when the Rudiments and begin∣nings of a Stone are laying, we must, besides volatile oily Salts, use Things that dissolve the Stone, amongst which, we deservedly ascrbe the first place to Spirit of Nitre, seeing in it Stones are so easily and so mani∣festly dissolved; and it may be given in Beer, Ale, Wine-Broth, &c. to make them a little sharp, and so to be used for some considerable time.

XLIV. To this of Syl∣vius, the learned Deckers makes something of answer: The Spirit of Nitre (saith he) being put upon the Stone poudered, and set upon a little Fire dissolves it: First it turns it into a tough, and then into a watery Matter; but the Mischef is, the Con∣sequence in outward and inward means is not the same; or at least the Spirit of Nitre does not answer Page  140 Expectation. And Fr. Hof-man says, you should rather give Things which confist of an abstersive Virtue, from a volatile Alcalie and Acid, that by their gentle sharp∣ness, do incide and cleanse the filth of the urinary Pas∣sages, as also by their sweet fragrancy affecting of the Reins, do hinder the faecu∣lency of the Ferment, and so prevent all occasion of the Stone.

XLV. Diureticks are of two kinds; the one Aperi∣tive, the other Incisive: Ape∣ritive draw the Matter to the Kidnies; and therefore if these be affected, are ve∣ry suspicious, because we draw the Matter to the part affected: But Incisives carry not the Matter to the Kid∣nies, but only by Inciding, Subtilize; and so the Mat∣ter being made subtil, passes the Reins. Hence it is (and I ever use it with success) that if in the begin∣ning I give Spirit of Vitriol to break the Stone, or cut the gross Humor, I quickly see a happy Issue. And the Spirit of Vitriol, though it be Diuretick, yet it only incides; upon which Subti∣lilation, while the Matter passes out, the Urine appears more copious, and is truly a Diuretick by accident; not that it carries ought to the Reins, but because the Mat∣ter, when it has no hinde∣rance, finds an easie passage. And that is attempted in vain, after the third or fourth day, which may be done the first; without which, the Pain is prolonged three or four Days, to the great damage of the Patient; for then we must stay for uni∣versal Evacuation, which in this case is not necessary in the beginning, but may ve∣ry well be done, when the Pain is over. Panarolus, Pent. Cap. 3. Obs. 41.

XLVI. Riverius advises, That in the use of Medi∣cines that break and expel the Stone, they ought not to be used once or twice only, but oftner, 'till the obstruoted Passages be open∣ed. And while they are given, the Reins and Bladder ought to be helped with Baths, Fomentations, Unctions &c. Page  141 that they may operate the better. Liquors also that are of thin Parts, such as White and Rhenish-Wines must be given now and then, with internal Emol∣lients, and Laxatives, and Things slippery, to make the Passages easie and open, and qualifie the Acrimony of other Medicines.

XLVII. To a nephritick Per∣son vomiting Blood, Maebius durst not prescribe Things to force the Stone, lest when the Vessels are unstopt, they should open wider, and by farther vomiting of Blood, Life should be endangered: He gave therefore 〈◊〉 Hartshorn, for several days, in fresh Broth, and fomen∣ted the Part with Camomil∣flowers, &c. so his vomiting ceased, and the Stone fell into the Bladder, and after∣stuck in the neck of his Bladder. Then he gave his Anodyn-salt in Decoction of Mallows, fomented his Privities with mucilaginous Things, and anointed the Part with Oil of white Line-Tree; within six hours he voided a Stone as big as a Bean, and was restored to perfect Health.

XLVIII. Spirit of Turpen∣tine is a good Thing against the Stone; but before it be used, Lenitive Purgers should precede, at least, before it be continually and daily used. It is a great Medi∣cine, and has a dispersing Power penetrating deep, purifying the Bowels, and healing them, dissolving coagulated or hardned Tar∣tar, and expelling it by Urine: Yet in the use of Tur∣pentine it self in substance, purging before-hand is not needful, because it has in it self a cathartick Virtue, especially if mixt with Rheubarb in Pouder, as Crato, in Scholtzius Cons. 152. advises. It helps by its temperate heat, whereby it befriends the Parts destin'd to Concoction; for which Reason it is good for those that are troubled with the Stone. You may see in A∣matus Lusitanus, Cent. 1. Ob∣ser. 63. the History of a Monk, who every Morning, for several Months, swallow∣ed a piece of Turpenttne as Page  142 big as a Nut, and so was cured both of Stone and Gout, when all other Me∣dicines would do no good.

XLIX. When the Stone is voided, though all danger is over, yet you ought for two or three days following to use Abstersives and Clean∣sers, and Healers, that the Reins may be perfectly cleansed and healed; for which purpose, nothing can be better than a Bolus of Turpentine, made after this manner: Take Turpentine one Dram and half; Rheubarb, Nutmegs, Liquorice, all in Pouder, ana half a Dram; mix and make a Bolus: After which, an Emulsion of sweet Almonds in Barley-water or Broth, or Decoction of Pease, may be profitably drank.

L. How great a Medi∣cine Turpentine is, is not easie to be declared, it being a volatile Alcaly, mixt with a small quantity of a volatile Acid, but the Alcaly very much over-powering. It purifies and sweetens the whole mass of Blood and Humors, after a most won∣derful and admirable man∣ner, and after such a way as 'tis possible no other Me∣dicine (except of the Fami∣ly of Turpentine, as all na∣tural Balsams are) upon Earth can do besides: For it momentarily enters into the whose Mass of Blood, purifies it, sweetens it, and dissolves all its Coagulums, entring into its Substance with its whole and entire Body; where, by its reso∣lutive Power, it does that which neither Spirit of Wine can do by its subtilty, nor Spirit of Nitre, Vitriol, or Sulphur can do by their Acidity, nor other volatile Salts can do by their pene∣trability; being indeed and intruth, one of the most ab∣solute Antissorbuticks, Anti∣phthisictiks, Antispasmadicks, Antiarthriticks, Antepilepticks, and Antinephriticks, yet to this day discovered to the World.

LI. So that if a Physician knows rightly how to pre∣pare and use that alone Me∣dicine, he knows a Thing which will do more than a Page  143 whole Apothecary's shop beside it: It is a Medica∣ment which is a natural piece of Chymistry, be∣ing only a dissolution of sand, rocks, or gravelly Bo∣dies, by the mighty Power of the plastick Spirit of the Plant, (which destroys the antecedent petrifactive Spi∣rit of the Matter of which it was made, viz. Sand, Gravel, Stones, Rocks, &c.) and by a living Alembeck, to wit, the Body of the Tree, and all its Limbs, is digested, raised, exalted, and subtilized, purified and made volatile; and lastly, impre∣gnated with a mighty Spi∣rit, in direct antipathy and opposition, and vastly supe∣riour to the petrifactive Spi∣rit, as being not only able to do, but also undo that, which the said petrifactive Power can never do, or ac∣complish again.

LII. Nature has done so much already, towards the perfection of this Medicine, that little remains to be done by Art; yet something it wants, to be fitted effectu∣ally for so universal an use, as it is design'd for; and without which, it will not perfectly answer the desired End; of which we may in some other place discourse more at large: This we could not (even for Piety sake) avoid the speaking of here, considering that some thousands of times (in about twenty six, or twenty seven years Practise) we have made use of it with admi∣rable success.

LIII. If in the Stone in the Reins, the Sick pisses much Blood, and often, the case is hazardous, because two opposite Intentions oc∣cur; and it is a difficult thing to find a Remedy in Art, to perform opposite Intentions or Operations, viz. to open and stop, dissolve and bind, break and consolidate, at one and the same time: In this case, you must set aside all other Remedies, and have recourse to vitriolick Bath∣waters, or Waters running from Iron Mines, for that their Virtue is most excel∣lent, there being no safer or better Remedy to be thought of; for such Waters Page  144 expel violently and effica∣ciously, and are therefore Lithontriptick; and yet (as being impregnated with Vitriol) they eminently stanch Blood, strengthen all the Viscera, and cool the Li∣ver, Spleen, and Reins.

LIV. But because every one has not the liberty or conveniency of going to the Wells at Tunbridge, or other Springs coming off of Iron or vitriolick Mines, we shall here shew a Way of making those Waters artificially, to perform the same Intention, which is thus done: 1. Take fair Spring-water six Quarts; Salt, Vitriol, or Cry∣stals of Mars one Dram; mix, dissolve and filter through brown Paper, so have you a Water in Virtue and Effects, like that which runs off from the natu∣ral Iron-Mines. 2. Or thus: Take Spring-water a Gallon, Sal Armoniack one Dram; Scales of Iron one Ounce; mix, and di∣gest for some days in a gentle Sand-heat, 'till the Water be∣gins to colour; then filter and keep it for use. 3. Or thus: Take Spring-water a Gallon; Spirit of Wine four Ounces; Spirit of Vitriol two Drams, or better; mix them for use. These artificial Waters may be taken from a Pint to two Quarts, or more; but by degrees, and a little warm, or made into Posset-drink, using moderate exercise, and fasting, 'till the Water is out of the Body: They purge by Urine, cleanse the Reins and Bladder, open Obstructions of the Urine, take away sharpness of the Humors, cure inward Ulcers, strengthen the Stomach, Liver, Spleen, Mesentery and Womb, are prevalent against the Dropsie, Cache∣xy, Green-sickness, and Scur∣vy, and cure the pissing of Blood.

LV. Experience has for a long time taught us, that strong Diureticks must be used with much caution, for that they many times en∣crease the Pain, force the Stone into narrow Passages, excoriate the urinary Ves∣sels, and many times cause pissing of Blood, which cause often times Faintings, Swoonings, Convulsions, E∣pilepsies, and the like. In Page  145 this case Lenient, or Emolli∣ent Clysters are of singular use; for by their discussive property, they melt or dis∣solve the Humors, clear the urinary Passages, making way for Urine and Gravel. A certain Physician had ex∣perience of this in his own Person, who being in ex∣tream Torment, had ease by taking three Emollient Clysters in one day, the Gravel being loosned, and the thick viscous Matter joyned with it, being brought away with the Urine for se∣veral days together, that thence-forth he never fell again into any such pain.

LVI. Emollient Clysters may be made of Mallows, Althaea-Roots, Millet, and the like; but Faenugreek∣seed is inferiour to none of them. If also with the Cly∣ster Turpentine half an Ounce, opened with the Yolk of an Egg, be added, it will be so much the prevalent and efficaci∣ous. Fontanus accounted the Millet seed given to one Pound, or less, is an excellent thing, and kept it as a se∣cret. Dolaeus gives a Milk Clyster, or one of Milk and Turpentine, with the Yolk of an Egg; but he advises against Salt being put in, be∣cause it is apt to make them stay long.

LVII. Doloeus (out of Wedelius) prescribes this fol∣lowing Opiate: Take Sper∣ma Coeti, Crabs Eyes, ana one Dram, Cinnabar of Antimony one Scruple, Volatile Salt of Amber four Grains, Lauda∣num Opiatum half a Grain, (but I think one Grain, or two, to be better) Troches of Alka∣kengi, with Opium half a Scruple; mix, and make a Pouder for four Doses. In the Fit (saith he) when the pain is violent, an Emulsion, or some Opiate will be good.

LVIII. Out of the Fit (saith the same excellent Man) we must endeavour to extirpate the Coagulator, and withal, we must always have regard to the Stomach, therefore Stomatick Medi∣cines will be good: some say there is nothing better, either for the cure or pre∣vention of the Stone than this following Antinephri∣tick: Page  146 Take Seeds of Anise, Par∣sly, Dill, Leaves of Saxifrage, ana half an Ounce, Juice of a Pike, Crabs-Eyes, Seeds of Hipps, or wild Briar, ana one Ounce; mix, and make a Pouder. Dose one Dram at a time. The following Pills are also of good use: Take Venice Turpentine dried a lit∣tle at the Fire two Drams, Spanish Juice of Liquorice, Pouder of the same, ana half a Dram; mix, and make Pills as big as Pease, which roul in Pouden of Millepedes. Dose one Dram and a half at a time Morning and Eve∣ning.

LIX. Some Physicians commend a Vomit, for pre∣vention to expel the tarta∣rous Matter before it be de∣rived either to the Reins or Bladder; some give it in the Fit, because Nature seems to shew the way by their reaching to Vomit. This I found true by Experience, in a certain Lady, a Patient of mine, who had lain Bed∣rid fifteen or sixteen Weeks of this Disease; and though many things were admini∣stred, nothing did good 'till I gave her a Vomit, which was Salt of Vitriol one Dram, which gave her six Vomits; and this I repeated for five days together, it made a great revulsion, and had so wonderful an effect, that in fourteen or twenty Days she was restored to her per∣fect Health; and though through the extremity of the pain she had Convulsion Fits, and many returns of them in a day; (so that she was given over for dead,) yet after the first Emetick Dose those Fits ceased, and her Pains wonderfully dimi∣nished; the force of the E∣metick being over, I then administred Antinephriticks and Stomaticks, such as Pow∣ers of Juniper, Salt of Amber, Ens Veneris, my Tinctura Stomachica, Syrup of Li∣mons, with some other things of like nature. And without doubt Vomits con∣duce much to the Cure, if there be a real Stone, or o∣ther obstructing Matter, for by straining much, it helps the expulsion of the Stone or Gravel, as sometimes it does to the delivery of a Woman in Travel, by the Page  147 violent commotion of the whole Body, and compres∣sion of the Muscles of the Belly. This method I have often taken with success, and sometimes I have ex∣hibited (especially if the Sick was strong) Vinum Be∣nedictum, or my Catharti∣cum Argenteum, with good success; but I chose to give Emeticks to such as were apt and easie to Vomit, and not otherwise. Salmon.

LX. Barbet saith he has done more by Alteratives, and Narcotick Medicines, than by any others; Cly∣sters he also saith are very proper. And because in his Praxis, Lib. 3. Cap. 8. Sect. 8 he has given us an ample Catal gue of Antinephriticks, I care not greatly if I trans∣fer them hither. Roots of Rest-harrow, Eringo, Grass, Liquorice, Orrice, Parsly, (Smallage,) Drop-wort, Marsh-mallows, (Onions, Garlick, Leeks.) Leaves of Mallows, Maiden-hair, Ger∣mander, (Arsmart, Pellito∣ry, Camomil,) Ground Ivy, Lovage, Cresses, Saxifrage, Savin, Golden-Rod, Schae∣nanth, Garlick, Cloves. Flowers of Elder, Hops. Seeds of Poppy, Gromwel, the four great cold Seeds, Anise, Fennel, Carrots, (Daucus) Carraways, Barley, broad Cummin. Fruits, as Winter-Cherries, Straw-berries, Figgs, (Juniper-berries, Bay∣berries, Ivy-berries.) Woods, as Hasle-wood, Nephritick∣wood, Guaiacum, Sassafras, Cassia Lignea, Cinnamon, Pine-chips. Balsams, as Turpentine, (viz. the Lari∣cea, Venice, Cypress and Chio, Balsams of Gilead, Peru, Tolu, and Chili, Capi∣vi;) Balsam of Sulphur, simple and compound, with Oyl of Anniseeds, or Juni∣per-berries, Whey, Tooth of a Boar, Earth-worms, Tartar, and all its com∣pounded Medicines. Salts, as of Tartar, Bean-stalks, Broom, Pot-ashes, Ash of Egg-shells, of Amber, Nitre, Sal-armoniack. Baths. Crabs-Eyes. Waters distilled out of the above-said Herbs and Roots, (Mineral Waters from Iron Mines, Mineral Waters artificially made.) Spirits of Wine, of Salt, of Sulphur, Vitriol, (Nitre,) Page  148 and of Tartar, both Acid, and sweetned with Spirit of Wine, and of Ammonia∣cum. Nephritick Tincture of Mynsicht. Syrups of Al∣thaea, of white and wild Poppies, Diacodium, Bi∣zantinus. Diuretick Oxymel of Quercetan. Oils of sweet Almonds, Anniseeds, Am∣ber, and Turpentine, (of Carraways, Dill, Fennel, Juniper-berries.) Nephritick Antidote of Quercetan. Mon∣tagnana's Electuary. Jaw∣bone of a Pike. Oyster∣shells calcined. To which we add also, our Guttae Vi∣tae, Tinctura Martis, Spiritus Universalis, Antiscorbuticus, Anticolicus, Anodynus, Ape∣riens, Cosmeticus, Potestates Baccarum Juniperi, Carvi, Crinum Humanorum, Lithon∣tripticae, Pulegii, Rosmarini, Succini, Terebinthinae, Anisi Virtutum, Elixir de Sulphure, Proprietatis cum Acido, Opi∣atum, Ciroulatum minus. Sy∣rupus Chalybeatus, Diasulphu∣us, Nephriticus. Sal 〈◊〉, Vitriolatunm Antidotus iostra, Theriaca Londinensis 〈◊〉 Laudanum Volatile no∣trum. Pilulae Lunares, Mi∣abiles nostrae, Nephriticae. Lau danum Volatile cum Aloe. Manna, Honey, Mead and Metheglin, Rhenish-wine. All these latter Compounds you may see in our Phylaxa Medicinae, Lib. 1. and 2. Sal∣mon.

LXI. In a hot Cause and Constitution, Barbet gives this: Take Roots of Al theae one Ounce, Liquorice two Drams, Mallow-Leaves, M. ij. Melon-seeds half an Ounce; boyl them in Barley∣water; in a Quart of the Co∣lature dissolve Syrup of Corn Poppies two Ounces, raw Crabs-Eyes bruised one Dram; mix them: Dose two Ounces three or four times a Day Or thus: Take Rose-water, Strawberry and Purslane-water, ana one Ounce, Prophylactick-water, Cinnamon water, ana half an Ounce, raw Crabs Eyes bruised one Scruple, Laudanum Opia∣tum two Grains, Fernelius his Syrupus de Altheae one Ounce; mix them, and let it be given by Spoonfuls.

LXII. In a cold Cause and Constitution, Take Roots of Rest harrow, white Saxifrage, ana one Ounce; Li∣quorice Page  149 half an Ounce, Goats blood six Drams, Crabs-Eyes bruised, Nutmegs, Cinnamon, ana one Ounce, Saffron three Drams, Cloves two Drams, Strasburgh Turpentine one Pound, Spirit of Malmsey∣wine five pound: the Ingredi∣ents being cut and bruised, di∣gest fourteen days, then distil in B. M. Dose one Ouuce Fa∣sting, and twice or thrice a day besides. Barbet also saith, That Cochinele, being taken in fine Pouder in Rhenish-wine to one Scruple, is a pleasant and sweet Medicine, and of great efficacy.

LXIII. Deckers advises the following Pouder: Take Mustard-seed, Tartar Vitrio∣late, ana one Dram and a half, Crabs-Eyes, Salt of Bean∣stalks, of Broom, of Rest-har∣row, of Pidgeons Dung, ana one Dram; mix, and make a Pouder. Dose from one Scru∣ple to half a Dram in Par∣sly-water. The Tincture of the Nephritick Stone is also very good, but it is no where described; but Moebius has this preparation; Take Pouder of the Nephritick Stone, put upon it rectified Spirit of Salt, digest, and there will be a green Tincture: Dose from six Drops to twelve or twen∣ty, in Wine or proper Wa∣ter. Seeds of Violets are ve∣ry convenient, because they purge and expel the Stone, especially if they be used in an Emulsion, and is called by Schroder the Nephrocathar∣tick Emulsion; it is much commended both by Crato and Hartman, and is a good thing against suppression of Urine.

LXIV. Spiritus Acetosae Mineralis: Take Tartar Vi∣triolate one Ounce, Julep of Roses one Pound, Cinnamon∣water four Ounces; mix them. Dose two Ounces; 'tis an excellent thing: Or, Take Tartar Vitriolate one Ounce, Radish-water one Pound, Juice of Limons two Ounces, Syrup of Corn-Poppies and de Altheae, ana one Ounce, Crabs-Eyes two Drams; mix them. Dose two Ounces. Also, Spirit of Juniper-berries, affused upon Rob of Elder and Juniper, and digested, becomes of a plea∣sant red Colour, and in Taste like Malmsey-wine, and is truly a Medicine of great Page  150 efficacy. So also a Nephri∣tick Liquor made of Nitre and Sal Gem, calcin'd and dis∣solved per deliquium, is a Nephritick of singular use.

LXV. The Urinary Lau∣danum of Michael: Take Spa∣nish Juice of Liquorice dissol∣ved in Winter-cherry-water one Ounce and a half, Camphire one Dram, Saffron four Scruples, Winter-cherries half an Ounce, Gum Tragacanth, Mastick, ana one Dram and a half, Laudanum Opiatum two Drams; mix them. It is much commended for a peculiar Quality of provoking U∣rine, opening Obstructions, and expelling the same. Michael his Nephritick Li∣quor: Take Lynx-stone, Jews-stone, Nephritick-stone, Sponge, Crystal, Crabs-Eyes, ana q. v. dissolve them in rectified Spirit of Salt, fil∣tre the Solutions, and distil to dryness; so have you at bottom a coagulated Nephritick Li∣quor.

LXVI. 〈◊〉 his Li∣thontriptick Pouder: Take Crabs-Eyes prepared, Goats∣blood prepared, ana one Dram and a half, Jews-stone, Ne∣phritick-stone, ana one Dram, Pikes-Eyes, Millet-seed, ana two Scruples, Crystals of Tar∣tar half a Dram, Salt of Tartar one Scruple; mix, and make a Pouder. Dose, from half a Dram to one Dram, in any appropriate Water.

LXVII. Forrestus his Decoction, which some say exceeds all other things: Take Red Tares three Ounces, Barley hull'd two Drams, Seeds of Marsh Mallows, Mallows, ana three Drams; of the four greater cold Seeds, ana one Dram, fat Figgs nine, Se∣bestens seven, Liquorice scra∣ped six Drams, fair Water one Pound and a half; boil 'till half be consumed, then strain for an Apozem. These Pills also are esteemed. Take Pouder of Millepedes, Crabs-Eyes, Jews-stone, ana one Dram, Turpentine two Drams; mix, and make Pills. Dose from half a Dram to one Dram every Morning Fa∣sting. Deckers his Apozem is yet better. Take Spring∣water three Pound, red Vetches, hull'd Barley, ana two Drams, Liquorice bruised, Juniper∣berries Page  151 bruised, ana one Ounce, Seeds of Daucus, Violets, white Poppies, Nettles, Mal∣lows, ana half an Ounce, fat Figgs nine, Sebestens seven; boil to a Quart; strain, and dissolve therein Syrups of Corn Poppies, of the five opening Roots, of Diacnicu, ana one Ounce and a half, Spirit of Sal Armoniack one Dram; mix them. Dose six Oun∣ces, twice or thrice a Day, dropping into it at taking, 2 or three Drops of the Juni∣perated Balsam of Sulphur.

LXVIII. The same Dec∣kers commends this Mix∣ture: Take Parsly-water two Ounces, Fennel, and Trea∣cle-water, ana one Ounce, Spirit of Vinegar half an Ounce, Crabs-Eyes one Dram, Oyl of Juniper-berries six Drops, Spirit of Nitre one Scruple, Laudanum Opiatum two Grains, Syrup of the five Roots (or rather Syrup of Corn Poppies,) one Ounce; mix them. If the same be great, this Emulsion may be given. Take Hull'd Barley (boil'd 'till it cracks) two Ounces, sweet Almonds blancht, Violet-seeds ana half an Ounce, white Poppy-seeds one Ounce; with a sufficient quantity of Barley-water make an Emulsion; to twenty four Ounces of which add Diaco∣dium, Syrup of Corn Poppies, ana one Ounce; mix them. He also commends to all the Spirit of Sal Armoniack, given in Rhenish-wine, or some Diuretick Spirit or Wa∣ter, as a Specifick Medicine, not only to prevent, but to cure the Stone, (if brittle, or easie to be broken,) Uni∣versals being given before∣hand.

LXIX. Junken, Medicus Pars 2. Sect. 1. Cap. 18. prescribes this: Take Straw∣berries fresh gathered a Gallon, Winter-cherries half a Pound, Horse-Radish Roots scraped two Pound, Daucus-seeds half a Pound, Juice of Birch, or Birch-wine twenty four Pound; mix, and distil in B. M. Dose frome one Ounce to three with Syrup de Althaea half an Ounce, sweet Spirit of Nitre ten or twelve Drops. Or thus: Take ripe Straw∣berries four Pound, (Winter∣cherries two Pound,) Malaga∣wine two Pound, Juniper-water, Page  152 of Parsly-roots, ana two Pound, Ground-Ivy, white Saxifrage-roots, ana one Ounce, Peach-kernels two Ounces; digest in a Vessel close stopt for a Month, then di∣stil, Dose from a Spoonful to four in the Morning Fa∣sting; it is said both to pre∣serve from, and cure the Stone. Again; Take Crabs-Eyes, Sperma Coeti, ana half a Scruple, Volatile Salt of Amber six Grains; mix for a Dose, and to be often re∣peated. Or thus: Take Wild - Bryar- Seeds half an Ounce, Crabs Eyes, pure Ni∣tre, ana one Ounce; mix them. Dose one Dram. Or thus: Take Crabs Eyes one Scruple, Volatile Salt of Amber six Grains, Laudanum Opiatum one Grain, or two; mix them for a Dose. Again; Take Malaga-Wine one Quart, O∣pium in pouder, Salt of Tartar, ana two Ounces; mix, di∣gest a Week, or longer, filter, and keep it for use. Dose one Spoonful. This has been used with good success. Take Cypress Turpentine one Ounce, Balsam of Peru one Dram, Pouder of Florentine, Orrice-Roots, Crabs Eyes, ana two Drams, Extract of Li∣quorice one Dram, Volatile Salt of Amber half a Dram; mix, and make Pills. Dose from half a Dram to a Scru∣ple.

LXX. Syrup made of Juice of Pellitory of the Wall, with Honey, is a Specifick in this Disease, it opens all the Passages, provokes Urine, and that without any strain∣ing of the parts or pain, and expels Sand, Gravel, or o∣ther Matter which obstructs the Passages: Take of this Syrup four spoonfuls, White, or Rhenish-wine, a quarter of a Pint; mix for a Dose, to be given Morning and Eve∣ning.

LXXI. Where the Di∣sease is extream, and the Sick has not made Water for many days, this following Liquor may be given. Take Rhenish-wine, Malaga-wine, ana one Pound and a half, Onions and Garlick bruised, ana twenty, Horse-radish-roots bruised four Ounces, Juniper∣berries bruised two Ounces, Page  153 Salt of Potashes half an Ounce; mix, digest four or five days, then decant the clear. Dose three or four Spoonfuls se∣veral times a day.