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White-Lead and Cerus, these two Colours are much of a nature, Cerus being only White-Lead more refined; which advanceth its price, and renders it something more esteemed among Picture-Drawers; but the White-Lead is every way as useful: This Colour is naturally apt to be ground very fine, and is the onely White colour used in Painting with Oyl: With this Colour the Playns of Dials are laid for the last
Colour to draw thereon the Hour Lines, that they may be the more vi∣sible. With this Colour Posts, Payls, Palisadoes, Gates, Doors, Windows, divers Wainscottings, and other Car∣pentary and Joynary work are often coloured both for beauty and preser∣vation. It resists the weather well, but within doors it's apt to tawnish and grow rusty. This Colour dries of it self indifferently well, especially if it be wrought pretty stiff; how∣ever, to make it dry speedily, some put Oyl of Turpentine to it, in the tempering, which makes it dry much more speedily; but then without doors it will not resist the weather so well: Therefore the best way to make it dry speedily, and yet last long, is to put drying Oyl to it, which is made by steeping Red-Lead in Linseed Oyl for about a fortnight, stirring it every day once or twice, and afterwards let it settle clear be∣fore you use it.
Lampe-Black, Is a Colour that of it self is very fine, and may be tem∣pered with Linseed Oyl, and used without grinding, after it hath soak∣ed two or three daies in the Oyl; but when it is thus laid on, it will be a long-time a drying, by reason of a certain greasiness that is inherent to it; to remedy which, it must be burnt as hereafter is taught, which consumes the fatty substance, and then it dries well. But note, That after it's burnt, it must be ground on a stone; otherwise it will not work well by reason of its being hardned or crusted in the fire. This Colour is used in the Margins of some Dials that have their Figures guilt; A little of this Colour and much white, make the Ash Colour; and according to the quantity of either more or less, it gives several delightful varie∣ties.
Willow Charcoal and Sea-coal; These two are a good Black for ordi∣nary uses, only they are something coarse, and require good labour in the grinding to make them fine; they dry well, especially the Charcoal.
Spanish Brown. This Colour is a certain Earth brought out of Spain; the best is that which is of a deep bright colour, and free from stones; indeed I think there is little of it free from grittiness more or less: This Colour will grind well, notwith∣standing its grittiness, if you take pains with it. This is the only Co∣lour used in priming of all manner of Timber-work, being fittest for that purpose for divers reasons: As first, for its Cheapness, it being but of small price. Secondly, it dries kindly for that purpose, not so soon but that it gives the Oyl sufficient time to pierce into wood; nor is it so long as to
make the time over-tedious. Third∣ly, it kindly receives all other Colours that are laid on it. Some are of such a nature, that when they are dry no other will take on them but with great difficulty. For Example, White-Lead when it's throughly dry is so greasie, that if you would either draw Lines on it, or lay other Colours upon it, they will run together just as Ink will when you write on grea∣sie paper. This Colour of it self is a perfect Horse-flesh colour; it's the na∣tural shadow for Vermillion, and be∣ing mixt with White, gives several varieties, according as the quantity of each is predominant.
Red-Lead, Is a Sandy colour, not to be ground very fine on a stone: The onely way to make it fine is by washing (which shall be shewed after∣wards): This Colour is an exceeding great dryer and binder, for which purpose it's many times mixed with
other Colours (such as will bear it) to make them dry speedily: 'Tis a Colour that resists the weather as well as any colour whatsoever, if it have the same advantage in work∣ing. It's of it self an Orange colour, and is the onely Colour used in ma∣king of drying and fat Oyls.
Vermillion. This is a very rich Colour, and of a good body; and if pains and time be bestowed, it will be ground as fine as is possible for a Colour to be ground: which it must be, or else it works as bad as any Colour whatsoever; but if it be ground fine even as Oyl it self, no Colour works better. This Colour is used to draw the Hour Lines on Sun-Dials, and for divers other not common uses: it drys well if you work it stiff. The best way to buy it is in the stone; for otherwise it may be sophisticated & spoyled with Red-Lead if bought in the powder.
This Colour is a perfect Scarlet, mix∣ed with White it gives Scarlet Car∣nation in divers varieties, according to the quantity of each Colour mix∣ed. The natural shadow for Ver∣million it self, is Spanish Brown.
Lake, Is also a rich Colour, and may be ground very fine; it's often used in Ornaments of Dials, and a Margin of it sets off well with gold figures, especially if a little white be added to it. It's excellent in di∣vers kinds of Flowrages. Lake and Bice make a Purple of divers varie∣ties according to the Blew that is mixed with it. Lake of it self is an excellent Crimson colour. Lake and White make an excellent Crimson Carnation in divers varieties accord∣ing to the quantity that is mixed of each. Lake and White, and a little Red Lead make a Flesh colour.
Smalt, Is a lovely Blew at a di∣stance, if strewed on; if you will work it in Oyl, it must be made fine with washing: The truth is, when it's at the finest, it works but badly in Oyl, by reason of its harshness; It must also have White-Lead added to it if wrought in Oyl, or else it's too dark, and shews not its self; and when all is done, time is apt to turn it Black: Therefore the best way is to strew it (as shall be shewed here∣after) and then there is not a more glorious Blew to be made. This is an Excellent Colour for the Margin of a Dial, if the Figures are guilt, and for several other purposes, as it may by an ingenious spirit be made use of: If you buy it to work in Oyl, the finest is best, which they call Oyl Smalt; but if it be for strewing, the coarsest you can get is the best, both for Colour and Continuance.
Blew Bice, Is a Colour fine e∣nough for almost any use; it is but a pale colour, and in Dial-Painting is used for a Margin ground to guild figures in small playns or stacks of Dials that are near the eye: This Colour works well, though it be a little sandy; Bice and Pink make a Green; Bice and Lake make a Pur∣ple; Bice and White make a light Blew, of each several varieties ac∣cording to the quantity of each.
Blew Verditer, Is a Colour some∣thing sandy; it's subject to change and turn greenish, and makes a good Green, mixed with Yellows, this Colour may serve in Dial-Painting, where Bice and Smalt are wanting; but not so good as either of them mixt with Whites and Yellows; or both, giveth variety of Colours for divers uses.
Indico, Is a very dark Blew, and seldom used without a mixture of White, unless to shadow other Co∣lours; it grinds fine, and works well, and is much used in vulgar Painting for the last Colours of Windowes, Doors, Pales, Posts, Rails, Pallisadoes, or any other Timber-work. It re∣sists the Weather well, onely it's something dear, and yet not very chargeable for work, by reason much White must be mixed with it, which makes a little of it go a great way: Vulgar Painters instead thereof use Blew Balls, which they buy at the Colour-Shops which nearly imitates it, but is not so good a Colour nei∣ther for Beauty nor Lasting. Indico and White make a Lead Colour; 'tis a pleasant colour to Marble White withal, or to shadow it.
Amber, Is a colour that will be
ground very fine, but must have la∣bour and time bestowed on it: it's very apt to furr the Mulier, and dif∣ficult to be drawn under it, without sleight of hand in the grinding this Colour; dryes and binds exceeding∣ly, and therefore resists Weather well: It's much used in Painting, for the many pleasant Varieties it gi∣veth. This Colour of it self is a perfect Hair colour, and being mix∣ed with White, giveth variety of pleasant colours. This colour burnt in a Crusipple is the natural shadow for Gold; It likewise shadows divers other colours, and in great varie∣ties.
Verdigrease, Is a good Green, something inclining to a Blew; therefore for divers uses it's Wil∣lowish colour must be corrected with Yellows: This colour is com∣monly very foul, and requires time
and pains to pick and cleanse it: It requires also labour to grind it fine. This colour dryes speedily, and is a Green that is used on most occasions that require that colour. It is of it self a perfect Willow green; and being mixed with Pink Yellow, it makes a pure lively Grass-green: and these being mixed with White, gives several varieties of Light Greens, according to the quantity of each.
Yellow Daker, Is of two sorts; the one gotten in England, the other brought from beyond the Seas: the one is a light Yellow, much like the colour of Wheat straw; the other is somewhat of a deeper colour. This Colour may with labour be ground very fine, but something troublesom by reason of its Clamminess: This colour is used to make Gold size, and is also much used in vulgar Painting.
Pink Yellow, Is a colour some∣thing inclining to a Green; 'tis a good Yellow for some uses, and grinds well. It's chiefly used to mix with other Colours to make Green.
Besides these Colours, a Dial-Pain∣ter must furnish himself with Leaf-Gold for Guilding, Linseed Oyl to temper his Colours with, and Oyl of Turpentine to make his Colours dry the more speedily, by mixing a little of it among his Colours.