The general history of the Reformation of the Church from the errors and corruptions of the Church of Rome, begun in Germany by Martin Luther with the progress thereof in all parts of Christendom from the year 1517 to the year 1556 / written in Latin by John Sleidan ; and faithfully englished. To which is added A continuation to the Council of Trent in the year 1562 / by Edward Bohun.

THE HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION OF THE CHURCH.

BOOK XXIII.

The CONTENTS.

The Fathers of Trent meet in Session, a••d draw up the form of a safe Conduct, for coming to the Council: The French King consents not; nay, he persuades the Switzers to send none to it. Peace is fully concluded with the Magdeburgers: The Conditions of the Peace are set down. Some Cities of Germany send Deputies to the Council. The Ambassadors of the Duke of Wirtemberg are deluded. Duke Maurice having sent Ambassadors to the Emperour about the Landgrave, and obtaining nothing but shifts and delays, he presently resolves upon a War. The Bishop of Waradine, lately made Cardi∣nal, by whose help King Ferdinand had made himself Master of all Transilvania almost, is slain in his own House. The Emperour, in his Letters which he sendeth to appease the Electoral Archbishops, tells them, That he expects nothing but what is fair and honest from Duke Maurice; who, the better to cloak and conceal his designs, sends his Deputies also to the Council, with whom others joyn, and demands a safe Conduct for his Divines to come; but especially, that they, who are of a contrary persuasion, should not sit as Judges in the Council. They depart without success, when it began to be spread abroad, that their Master, Duke Maurice, was a preparing for War. The Tridentine Fathers disagree among themselves. Shortly after, news being brought of the taking of Ausburg by surrender, they fly for it. Crescentio, the Legate, being frightened by an Apparition, fell sick, and despaired of Life, what ever his Servants and Phy∣sicians could do, or say, to comfort him.

IN order to a pacification,* 1.1 Duke Maurice held a Convention of his own States, about the end of September, at Wittemberg; whither, as it had been agreed upon, the City of Magdeburg sent their Deputies, who, ten days after, returned home, under the safe Conduct of Marquess Albert, of Bran∣deburg. We told you before, how Duke Maurice had, by Letters, interceded with the Emperour,* 1.2 that his Divines might have a safe Conduct from the Council; the Emperour therefore sent Orders to his Ambassadors, to prefer the Matter to the Fathers, and bring it to pass. A Session was then held on the eleventh of October; wherein was read, first, a Decree, explaining the Doctrine of the Corporal Pre∣sence of Christ in the Sacrament of the Eucharist;* 1.3 of the manner of its Institu∣tion; of Transubstantiation, as they call it; of the Worship and Adoration of this Sacrament; of keeping of the Host, and of carrying it about to the Sick;

and of the Preparation that is required for the worthy Receiving thereof. And then all Christians are forbidden to believe or teach otherwise, than according to the Doctrine of that Decree: Then were the Canons read over; and, in them, were all the Points condemned, which, as we said before, had been drawn out of the Books of Luther, and others; nevertheless, to comply with the Emperour, they left four of them undecided,* 1.4 ••o wit, Whether or not it be necessary to Sal∣vation, and commanded by the Law of God, that all receive the Sacrament in both kinds; whether he who receives it only in one kind, receives less than he who takes it in both; whether the Church erred, when she appointed, that the Priests only should receive in both kinds, and the rest under one; whether the Sacrament be to be given also to young Children. The Protestants, they said, desired to be heard, as to these Points, before the Council determined any thing in them, and to have a safe Conduct to come: Since, therefore, they had hitherto earnestly lookt for their coming, and were in good hopes, that they might return to the ancient Unity and Concord of the Church, they granted them a safe conduct to come and return home, and did defer the decision of these Points 'till the twenty fifth day of January, that, by that day, they might be present, and alledge what they had to say: That then also, because of the Affinity that was betwixt the two, the Sacrifice of the Mass should be handled. These things then were pub∣lickly read by them, as if their Adversaries had desired only to be heard con∣cerning those matters, whereas no such thing had ever entered into their Thoughts. Besides Duke Maurice, no body had made address to the Emperour, and he also did it in the manner we mentioned before, there being far greater matters to be propounded, than those were. But what the design was, in giving out that Sham, one may guess it, though nothing can be positively affirmed, though one of two it must needs be; for, either they had had a lame and sinistrous account of Duke Maurice's demand, or they themselves cunningly misunderstood it, which is the more likely of the two, because of the safe Conduct which they gave; for when Duke Maurice desired a safe Conduct for his People, in the same form and manner, as the Bohemians of old obtained one:* 1.5 They, in a few words, and very superficially, drew up a draught, without the usual formalities; to wit, that all Germans, indif∣ferently, might come to the Council, and freely debate, confer, and treat, about the Matters there to be handled, either in full Council, or with some Commissioners appointed, and that either by Word or Writing, as they pleased, without contu∣melious and reproachful Language or Reflections, and, when they should think fit, to depart and return home; that the Council, as to that, granted them safe Con∣duct, so far as was in their power: And, that they might also, for the Crimes com∣mitted, or to be committed, though they were most grievous, and savoured of Heresie, choose to themselves Judges at their own discretion. The same day, the eleventh of October, they made some Canons touching Reformation, which related to their own Jurisdiction. And then the twenty fifth of November was appointed to be the day of the next Session, when Penance and Extream Unction should be handled.* 1.6 Joachim, Elector of Brandeburg, sent also his Ambassador, Christopher Strassen, a Lawyer, to offer his Duty and Obeisance, and the Ambassador made a long Harangue, indeed, concerning the good Intentions of his Master: They make answer, That with great pleasure they had heard all his Speech, especially that part of it, wherein the Prince submits himself wholly to the Council, and promises to observe the Decrees thereof; that they were in hopes, that what had been now said by him, would be effectually performed by the Prince, his Master. Upon the death of John Albert,* 1.7 who had enjoyed the spacious and rich Arch∣bishoprick of Magdeburg, as we said, Frederick, the Elector of Brandeburg's Son, was, by the Chapter, chosen Archbishop: But the Matter stuck at Rome, and could not be dispatched, it being a great Obstacle in the way, that, as it was pub∣lickly known, the Elector Joachim had before been of the Protestant Religion. To remove that suspicion, therefore, was the Ambassador, whom I named, sent, who used his utmost diligence, by sawning and cajoling, to work upon the Pre∣lates.

Peace was concluded at Wittemberg,* 1.8 and though the Siege was not presently raised, yet, October the twelfth, they began to have friendly Meetings together. At the same time, Duke Maurice made those of Catzenelbogen a People of the Dominion of Hess,* 1.9 who, three years before, had, by the Emperour's Sentence, been taken from the Landgrave, then Prisoner, as we said before, to swear Alle∣giance to him, with the consent of the Landgrave's Sons, and that because of an

Hereditary League, as he said, betwixt the Houses of Hess and Saxony, whereby, for want of Heirs Male, the one is to succeed to the other. No Man doubted, but that this was an injury done to the Emperour, who had pronounced the Sen∣tence, and that it tended to some new commotion, and all wondred what would come on't; yet hardly any notice was taken of it in the Emperour's Court, but all was seemingly connived at.

About this time,* 1.10 the Duke of Somerset, Uncle to the King of England, was a second time apprehended, and, with him, the Lord Paget, the Lord Gray, and some others. John, Duke of Northumberland, had then the chief Government; and the reason of his apprehension was said to be, That he had conspired the death of Northumberland, as he himself alledged; for that, by a late Law, was made Felony amongst them.

About the fifteenth of October,* 1.11 the Pope made George Martinhausen, a Dalma∣tian, Bishop of Waradin, Cardinal. He was a Man of great Authority in Hun∣gary, and commonly called Monk, because he was of the Order of Paul, the first Hermit.

It has been declared before,* 1.12 that the French Ambassador was ordered to attend on the eleventh of October, to receive his answer, provided, the King owned the Council; but he came not, and nevertheless, in name of the Council, a Letter to the King was published. And first, they tell him, that for many Reasons they had expected every thing that was good and great at his hands; but that upon the coming of his Ambassdor, and reading of his Letter, it was a great Grief to them, to find themselves frustrated of their hopes; and that, nevertheless, since they were not conscious to themselves of any wrong they had done, nor of any cause of offence that they had given, they had not as yet wholly laid aside the hopes they formerly conceived of him; that the Opinion he entertained then, as if the Council had been called for the particular interest and advantage of some few ought least of all to take place in that so great an Assembly. That the Causes of calling the Council, were published, not only by the present Pope, but also by his Prede∣cessor Paul III. to wit, that Heresies might be rooted out, that Discipline might be reformed, and that the Peace of the Church might be restored: Was not that mani∣fest enough? Could there any thing be done more Piously, or Christianly? That Heresies did now spread, not only over Germany, but, in some manner, over all Provinces; that the Council would apply a Remedy to this great evil; that this was the ground, and this also the end, of all their Deliberations, and that all they did, aimed only at that; that therefore he would suffer the Bishops within his Domi∣nions, to come and assist in carrying on so holy a Work; that he had no cause to fear, but that they should have liberty to speak freely what they thought; that, with much patience and attention, his Ambassador had been lately heard, though his Message had not been so very pleasant; and, that since a private person had been heard with so much mildness and favour, why should any Man believe, that that would be denied to publick persons, and Men of such Dignity, too? That notwithstanding, though he should not send one single person, yet both the Autho∣rity and Dignity of the Council would subsist, as being both lawfully called at first, and for just Causes now again restored; but that as to what he intimated, of using Remedies, such as his Ancestors had made use of, they did not think, that he would ever proceed so far, as to revive those things, which have heretofore been abolished, to the great advantage of the Kings of France: And that seeing God had blessed him with so many benefits and favours, they could not but hope, that he would not do any thing, whereby he might seem unthankful to God, or to holy Mother Church: That he should only look back upon his Progenitors, upon his own Title of Most Christian King, and, in a word, upon his Father King Francis, who honoured the former Council by the Ambassadors and most learned Bishops, whom he sent to it; that he should imitate that late and domestick Example, and sacri∣fice private Offences to the publick Good.

The Emperour and Pope had exhorted the Switzers to come to the Council,* 1.13 but it was in vain. And the Pope, as we said before, made use of the Ministery of Jerom Franc••▪ his Nuncio there, to bring that about: But the French King sent Instructions to the Ambassador, La Morliere, who resided in those places, that he should endeavour to persuade them all, not to send any person to it. La Morliere, finding that to be a difficult task▪ sent for Vergerio, an expert Man in those Af∣fairs,* 1.14 to come to him from amongst the Grisons, who supplied him with Argu∣ments, and, a little after, published a Book against repairing to the Council.

La Moliere thus provided, came to the Convention at Baden, and there alledging his Reasons, he persuaded, not only those, who long before had shaken off Popery, but also all the other Cantons, to what he desired of them; so that none came from them to Trent.* 1.15 From the Grisons came, by Orders from the Pope, Thomas Plant, Bishop of Coyre; but when the Grisons understood, from Vergerio, what the Pope was driving at, that is, by his means, to recover his Authority over them, he was recalled.

The Spaniards,* 1.16 who Quartered here and there in the Country of Wirtemburg, were, about this time, called out by the Emperour, and sent into Italy, because of the War of Parma. By their departure, the whole Province was re∣lieved from a very heavy Bondage, under which it had groaned for almost five whole years; only the Castle of Achsperg the Emperour still retained, with a Gari∣son of Germans in it.* 1.17 About the same time also, Henry Hasen, at the Emperour's Command, went over Schwabia, and in all places changed the State of the Govern∣ment, putting in new Senators, as had been done three years before at Ausburg: He turned out also all Preachers and School-masters, as had been done lately at Ausburg, unless they would obey the Decree about Religion.

That Duke Maurice,* 1.18 and the Duke of Wirtemberg, had ordered the Heads of Doctrine to be drawn up, which should afterwards be exhibited; and that the Senate of Strasburg joyned with them also in that design, it hath been said before. The Duke of Wirtemburg therefore sent two Ambassadors, John Theodorick Plenninger, and John Heclin, with Instructions, publickly to produce that written Confession of Doctrine, and to acquaint the Council, That Divines would come to treat of it more at large, and to defend the same, provided, they might have a safe Conduct granted them, according to the form of that of Basil. So soon as they arrived at Trent, which was about the later end of October, they waited upon Count▪ Mont∣fort, shew him their Commission and Credential Letters, and acquainted him, that they had some things to p••opose in Council, in their Princes Name. His Dis∣course seemed to insinuate, that it behoved them to apply themselves to the Pope's Legate: But they perceiving, that if they should have any Communication with him, it would be construed, as if they owned him to have the chief Right and Authority in judging, which would be a prejudice and great disadvantage to their Cause, did not go to him, but gave their Prince an account of what they had done, and expected new Orders from him how to behave themselves. In the mean time, the Divines were employed, after their usual manner, in examining and discussing the Points, we mentioned, of Penance, and Extream Unction. November the third, Count Heideck came from Duke Maurice to Magdeburg, and having called out the Officers of the Garison to a Castle hard by the City, he fully concluded a Peace, and thereupon drew up and signed Articles;* 1.19 wherein it was provided, that the Soldiers should have a safe Conduct to depart whither they pleased with security; and this was done the eighth day of the same Month: But so soon as they were disbanded, they were secretly listed again under the Command of the Duke of Meckleburg, now by the pacification set at liberty; for Duke Maurice would not be seen in it himself.* 1.20 Now these were said to be the Conditions of Peace: That they should humbly beg the Emperour's Pardon; that they should not attempt any thing against the House of Austria and Burgundy; that they should submit to the Imperial Chamber; that they should obey the last Decree of Ausburg; that they should answer to all Law-Suits; that they should dismantle the Town, at the Empe∣rour's discretion; that they should at all times receive Garisons from the Empe∣rour, and open to him the Gates of the City; that they should pay fifty Thousand Florins into the publick Exchequer, for the Charges of the War; that they should deliver up twelve Pieces of Ordnance to the Emperour; and, that they should set at liberty the Duke of Meckleburg, and the rest of the Prisoners. The same day the Soldiers of the Garison marched out, to the number of two Thousand Foot, and about an Hundred and thirty Horse;* 1.21 and Duke Maurice commanded five Compa∣nies of Foot to march in. Next day, he made his entry with the whole Army, having been met by the Senate, and made them all swear to be true to the Emperour, and to himself, who had been Commander in chief in the War, and then leaving a Garison in the Town, he drew out all the rest. Afterwards, he ordered the Preachers to be called together, and by the mouths of his Counsellors, Fuchsen, Carlebitz, and Mordeyson,* 1.22 he complained of the Injuries that he had been done unto him by Libels and Pictures, which they had dispersed abroad in his Infamy, as if he had fallen away from the Reformed Religion, and, as if he had made War against the City, for their

constant Profession of the Gospel: That therefore he had just cause to be offend∣ed with them, if he would give way to his Passions, but that he pardoned all for the sake of the Publick, and desired of them, that, for the future, they would exhort the People to amendment of Life, and obedience to the Magistrates: Commanding publick Prayers also to be made for the Emperour, for himself, and for the rest of the Magistrates: Moreover, he tells them, That there was a Council now at Trent, wherein he was to exhibit a Confession of their holy Do∣ctrine, as well in his own, as in the name of the other Princes and States: That therefore they would pray to God, to direct and order all the actions of the Council for the best,* 1.23 and that they would not rail at it, as they usually did. They, having deliberated upon the Matter, made answer; That, indeed, they had not dispersed those Pictures; nor did they judge them worthy of censure, nei∣ther: That it was not to be deny'd, but that some, within his Territories, had within these three years fallen off from the pure Doctrine of the Gospel; for that there were Books and Records to prove it: That the City had ben be∣sieged for the cause of Religion, might be easily demonstrated, if one did but consider, who were the first Authors of the War: That they had never fore∣born to admonish the people, nor would they forbear to do so for the future: That for the Council, which was met to stifle and abolish the Truth, and wherein the Roman Antichrist possessed the chief place, they could no otherwise pray, than, that it would please God to confound, disappoint, and break all their Counsels and Enterprises; for that there was nothing but mischief to be ex∣pected from them: These were the Conditions of Peace, that were made pub∣lick: But it is certain also, that they had good security given them for their Liberty and Religion: And Duke Maurice was more willing that the Town should be open to him, than to the Emperour, as the event proved it afterwards. The Magdeburgers,* 1.24 contrary to the expectation of many, being in this manner delivered, purchased to themselves great Reputation and Praise amongst Foreign Nations; that they alone, in a manner, of all Germany, had by their Example made it appear, what constancy could do. Now, the end of their Miseries was the beginning of a War against those very persons, by whose Aid and Counsels they had been distressed,* 1.25 as will be seen hereafter. During these days that Duke Maurice was in Town, he gave some intimations plain enough of what he hat∣ched in his thoughts, and that was, that he would hazard his Life, but that he would deliver his Father-in-Law; nor did he dissemble it the day after, when he was put to it by a certain person. He had already sent Ambassadours to the Em∣perour, to solicite the Landgrave's Liberty: He had, in that, joyned with him the King of Denmark,* 1.26 and many Princes of Germany, as we shall relate hereafter; and if he could not prevail, he was fully resolved, to try what he could do by force, and had therefore already entered into a League with the King of France, who had privately sent to him John de Fresne, Bishop of Bayonne, a man well acquainted in Germany, and not unskilful of the Language. However, the Empe∣rour seemed not at all to be startled at these things, but was wholly intent upon the War of Parma, and the proceedings of the Council of Trent.

Much about this time,* 1.27 the Emperours Son-in-Law, arrived at Ge∣notta from Spain with his Wife and Children. The French, setting out from Mar∣seilles, boarded some of his Ships, and made booty of them. The Reason of this was said to have been,* 1.28 that the Horse, which King Ferdinand had sent into Italy, to receive his Son upon his arrival from Spain, and to guard him home, had served in some Military Action under Ferrante Gonzaga. But the French, before that also, had, under a pretence of Friendship, put into the very Port of Barce∣lona, and carried off a Gally, and six Merchant Ships, loaded with Provisions, and all things necessary for Maximilian's Voyage, as the Imperialists upbraided them, in a certain Invective, wherein they complained of the injuries done by the French, and of their breach of the Peace.

In the Dyet of Ausburg, the Princes had begg'd of the Emperour, that if he could not be present in Person, he would not be far from the place of the Council, for which he had given them his Promise, saying, That he would tarry upon the Consines of the Empire, as has been said before, wherefore the begin∣ning of November he left Ausburg, and came to Inspruck, three days Journy from Trent.* 1.29 This, it was thought, he did, both because of the Council, and of the War of Parma, that being so near, all things might be dispatched with greater diligence. Shortly after, November the twenty first, John Sleidan, the Deputy of

Strasburg came to Trent, that he might joyn with the Ambassadours of Duke Maurice, and the Duke of Wirtemberg, in negotiating the common concern. To this City were associated Esling, Ravensburg, Ruteling, Bibrach and Lindaw, who gave him full Commission to act joyntly also in their name. But why those of Frank∣furt, and especially Norimberg, did not send; it may be doubted. They of Ulm had already changed their Religion, according to the Emperours Prescript. From Ausburg, and other places, all the Doctors had been lately taken, as was said be∣fore, so that it was not in their power to send; though, if no such thing had been done, the Senate would have acted nothing in that Affair, without the Em∣perours leave.* 1.30 In the Month of November, the Pope in one day created thirteen Cardinals, all Italians, for these are as the Guards, which they usually provide for their own defence and security. On the five and twentieth of November, the Session was held in the accustomed manner: Where the Degrees were read: First,* 1.31 concerning Penance; that it is a Sacrament instituted by Christ, and ne∣cessary to those, who after Baptism fall into sin: That it is also a distinct Sacra∣ment from Baptism, and, as it were, a Planck for Salvation after Shipwrack: That Christ's words, whereby he gives the Holy Ghost to his Apostles, ought to be understood of the Power of remitting Sins by this Sacrament: That for the Remission of Sins, three things are required; to wit, Contrition, Confession and Satisfaction: And that Contrition is a true and profitable sorrow, which pre∣pares Man for Grace: That Confession, or the secret way of revealing Sins to a Priests, is of Divine Institution, and necessary to Salvation: That all the Sins, which one remembers, and their circumstances, are to be confessed: That once a year, at least, one ought to confess, and that chiefly in time of Lent: That Ab∣solution is not a bare Declaration that Sins are forgiven, but a Judicial Act: That Priests only, though they be never so sinful, have Power of Absolving: That Bishops reserve to themselves some Cases and Offences, from which other Priests cannot Absolve, is rightly done: That although the guilt be remitted, yet the punishment is not, and that Satisfaction consists in Works, not in Faith: That by the Penance, which God either inflicts, the Priest enjoyns, or we chuse of our own accord, Sins are expiated, in as far as concerneth the temporal Punishment: That satisfactions, whereby Sins are atoned, are part of Gods Worship: That the Priest hath the Power of binding and loosing, and there∣fore may impose Penance upon him, that confesses his Sins. And so much of Penance.

Extreme Unction,* 1.32 they decreed to be a Sacrament instituted by Christ, that it both confers Grace, remitteth Sins, and comforteth the Sick: That the use of this Sacrament, is the same, that the Apostle St▪ James spake of; that the Elders also, whom he mentions, are not the Elders in years, but Priests, who are the only true Ministers of this Sacrament. This Doctrine they commanded to be taught and observed, and those that taught, or believed otherwise, they cursed and anathematized, as wicked and pestiferous wretches. Next day after the Session, Letters came from the Duke of Wirtemberg, to his Ambassadours; where∣in he ordered them to proceed, and produce the written draught of the Con∣fession of their Doctrine, in the Session of the twenty fifth of November. Since, therefore they came a little too late,* 1.33 that it was a long while to the next Session, and that Count Monfort also was absent, they applied themselves to the Cardinal of Trent, acquainting him, that they had some things to propose in Council, in name of their Prince: That it ought to have been done in the last Session, but that the Letters came too late, when the occasion was over: That therefore they entreated him, who was a German born, that, for the love of his Country, and the sake of the Prince, whom he knew, he would assist them in the Matter, and so far prevail with the Fathers, that they would all meet, and give them an Audience. He made them ample promises of his Favour, and good Will, and told them, that he would acquaint the Popes Legate with their desire; but that it had been agreed upon amongst the Fathers, that no man should be admitted to propound any thing publickly, unless it were first known what the matter were: That the French Ambassadour had given occasion to that resolution, when not long since, an undecent kind of Hubbub and scurvy noise was, by his means, raised in the publick Session: Wherefore, he desired to know, what it was, in short, they were about to demand: They being very hot upon the Matter, shewed him their Letter of Instructions: But, when by that Letter, he found, that they had some Writing of Doctrine to present, he dismissed them, with hopes,

that within a few days the Matter might be brought about. Next day he sent for them, and told them, That he had acquainted the Legate with their business, and to confirm what he said, had shewn him the Letter of Instructions: But that he took it in great indignation, that they should think of presenting a Writing, and that it was his Opinion, that it was very absurd and misbecoming, that they, who ought reverently to receive and obey the Rule of Doctrine set before them, should offer to prescribe to their Superiours: That at that time, indeed, he could obtain no more of him; but that he would urge him once more about the Mat∣ter; bidding them withal not to despair. Some days after, when upon the ap∣proach of Maximilian of Austria, the Cardinal was to go as far as Mantua to meet him, he advised the Ambassadours of Wirtemburg, since he was necessitated for some time to be absent, to make their application to Don Francisco de Toledo, the Em∣perours Ambassadour: That, by Virtue of his Character and Authority, he could do them great kindnesses, and that he would willingly do it, were it no more but for his sake, who had recommended the Affair unto him. In compliance with this Counsel,* 1.34 they address themselves to the Ambassadour: Who, having promised them great Matters, dismissed them: But next time they came again, he began to excuse himself, upon pretext of the ensuing Disputations of the Divines, at which the Fathers were to be present; but that when these were over, he would not neglect the occasion of doing them service. It is probable, that he had re∣ceived just such another answer from the Legate, as the Cardinal had before: But that he might not put them out of all hopes, he had pretended this Reason especially, since he knew that the Emperour both urged the Council, and that it was stipulated, by a publick Decree of the Empire, that all should have liber∣ty to propose what Matters they pleased.* 1.35 In the mean time, the Deputy of Strasburg, waited upon the Emperours Ambassadour, William of Poictieres, in the absence of Montfort. And seeing the Case of all was alike; and their Power the same, he shew'd him his Commission, as it was usual, telling him, That he was sent to joynt with the rest of the Augustane Confession, in the prosecution of such means and counsels, as might tend to the composing of the difference about Religion and Doctrine, and the settling of publick Peace and Tranquillity. He, having taken a Copy of his Commission, which he promised to send to the Em∣perour, and spoken much of the Doctrine, and of the dignity of the Council, as he was, indeed, a Learned Man, and accustomed to the Bar, offered his pains and service. This was the last of November: And the same day, the Divines had the Sacrifice of the Mass assigned them, as the subject of their Dispu∣tations, of which they were to give their Opinions, in the manner before mentioned.

We told you a little before,* 1.36 that Duke Maurice had sent Ambassadours to the Emperour in behalf of the Landgrave; and with them were joyned the Ambassadours with the Elector of Brandeburg. Being admitted, the, to Audi∣ence, about the beginning of December, and having made their Complements in the names of their Princes: You know, say they, most gracious Emperour, the streights and difficulties, that the most Illustrious Princes Electors, Duke Maurice, and the Marquess of Brandeburg lye under, upon the account of the Landgrave's confinement, which, contrary to all expectation, they have run them∣selves into, whilst they made it their chief study to procure to your Majesty an easie and honourably Victory, lessen the charges of War, and recover peace and quietness to their common Country. And this also hath been the cause, why they have solicited your Majesty, sometimes by their Ambassadours, and some∣times in person, that you would have some consideration of them, and set him at liberty; offering your Majesty, at the same time, more ample security, if that which they, Welsfgang, Prince Palatine, and all the people of Hesse had grant∣ed, were not thought sufficient. To these their demands, Sir, you made an∣swer, telling Christopher Carlebitz, and James Schilling, whom they sent last to you, that you could not conveniently set him at liberty, before it appeared, what the issue of the Imperial Dyet, then at hand, would prove: And again, that you promised no more, but that, if he performed his Articles, he should not be detained perpetual Prisoner. But, when their other urgent Affairs would not suffer them to come to the Dyet, they made fresh Addresses to your Majesty, by Letters, and their Agents at Ausburg: To these you were pleased to write an An∣swer, wherein having told them, why you had more reason to be offended with him than before, and that you could not discharge him, you absolved them

from the Obligation, wherein they stood bound to the Sons of the Prisoner. Wherefore, they were resolved to renew their suit to your Majesty, and would have come themselves, but you know, Sir, how they were both hindered by the War of Magdeburg, and Brandeburg also by Sickness; they therefore have em∣ployed us to do it, in their name. And first, then, when it was your pleasure that the Landgrave should submit to your Majesty without any Conditions, they understood from the Bishop of Arras, that your intention was, that he should ac∣cept, and observe, the Conditions you thought fit to communicate to them. Now, if he was to be persuaded, to render himself up in this manner, it was absolutely necessary to make known to him, that he should neither be kept Prisoner, nor be liable to more than what was contained in the Articles proposed. And so the Princes gave him assurance, as was well enough known to your Majesties Coun∣sellors. Besides, when he desired an Explanation of some of the Articles of the Pacification, and that he might be dispatched within six days, this was granted him by the Bishop of Arras, as in most other particulars, the Princes obtained what they would. And though in this Treaty, things were not understood by both parties in the same sense, so that, upon his coming in, contrary to the assurance given by them, he was put into custody; yet they never accused you, Sir, upon that account, nor debated the Matter with your Majesty, seeing they had treated only with your Counsellors, and not with you, save only then, when the Land∣grave was upon his Journy, and sent them word to come to him to Norimburg. For then they came and waited upon your Majesty, to acquaint you, that they had persuaded him to embrace the Conditions proposed, and that they were go∣ing a little way to meet him, if you pleased to give them leave: Beseeching your Majesty, that since, relying upon their assurances, he was now coming, no more should be imposed upon him, than what was contained in the Articles of Pacification; and your Majesty having graciously promised this, they then went to Hall, and brought him. Now in the last Treaty, no mention at all was made of Detention and Custody, which, they think, those you imployed, can honestly testifie, that is, the Bishop of Arras, with whom alone they treated, and Selden, whom sometimes he brought with him. And, indeed, the Princes thought, that so soon, as he had signed the Articles, and made his humble submission, he should have been dismissed; and many Reasons too they had, to make them believe so. First, because your Counsellours made no mention of detention, which is the chief clause in that Instrument, and, doubtless, most of all weighed and consider∣ed by the Landgrave. Again, because in the Articles of Peace, there are many things which cannot be performed by a Prisoner, but only by a free Prince: Be∣sides, because when he humbly begg'd pardon, you forgave him his fault, promising, to recal the proscription, and to give him a publick Remission, under the Great Seal: Moreover, because you ratified and approved the security by them given, whereby it is provided, that, if he perform not his Articles, the People should deliver him up Prisoner, and his Sureties compel him to Duty, by force of Arms. Since all this was to no purpose, and superfluous, if they had thought, that he was to have suffered in his own person. Now when no such thing ever entred their thoughts, nor was mentioned by your Majesties Counsellors, they confident∣ly sent for him, obliging themselves to his Son, that if any thing else hap∣pened to him, they would answer body for body for him, and undergo the same Fortune, as he did. This was their mind and thoughts of the whole Matrer, which was also confirmed, when, after the submission, the Duke of Alva, invited the Landgrave, and them to Supper. Since, indeed, they could not so interpret that Invitation, and Hospitable Entertainment, according to the manner of Princes, and the Custom of Germany, that he should go to Alva's Lodgings, as to a Prison, and that they should wait and attend upon him to his Gaol: For if they had had but the least suspition of it, who can believe that ever they would have done so? For as they are Princes of the Empire, and Electors too, descended of most Illustrious Families, they would never have had an hand, sure, in enticing a Noble Prince, their Kinsman, and near Relation, into such streights, and in being the Instruments of his Imprisonment. Nor, indeed, had they any knowledge thereof, till after Supper; that the Duke of Alva told them, That he must remain in the Castle, as in Custody. But however it be, they acted ge∣nerously and fairly, as we said in the beginning: And since they also engaged their Faith and Promise, your Majesty may easily perceive, how heavy it must needs lye upon them, their Children and Relations, if after so many and frequent

intercessions, and all security given, he be longer detained Prisoner. You see, in like manner, most mighty Sir, since you have German-blood in your Veins, what they ought to do for their Honour and Reputations sake, according to the ancient and received Custom of the German Nobility, when the Sons of the Captive Prince, claim their Right, and put them to it, to answer according to the Form of their Obligation; and that they could not excuse themselves to other Princes, though either the Power of suing, or the Bond and Obligation which they have, were taken from them. Now, if the Landgrave, who is, neither by Compact nor Promise given, but upon the occasion we mentioned, kept Prisoner, did through impa∣tience, and the irksomness of so long a custody, essay some means of procuring his own Liberty, and if, perhaps, his Servants did attempt somewhat against his Guards; the Princes earnestly desire, that that may not be prejudicial to them: But seeing, that by reason of their Obligation, they lie under great streights, out of which, none but your Majesty, under God, can relieve them, since you know, how they came to strike upon that Rock, and since your Majesty has good expe∣rience of their Loyalty, Affection and Duty, when in the worst of times, ac∣cording to the Example of their Ancestors, they ventured their Fortunes, Lives and Blood in your Service, it is their most hearty and earnest suit to your Maje∣sty, that you would relieve them by releasing your Prisoner, and therein have re∣gard to them, who honour and love you, and not to what the Landgrave hath done: Especially, since not a few of their Families have spared neither cost nor danger, in serving you Ancestors, and the House of Austria and Burgundy. And if it be feared, that if he were at liberty, he would flinch from his Articles, you are not ignorant, Sir, granting it should be so, of what the Nobility and People of Hesse are bound to by Oath, and what the Princes have given your Majesty security for. But if you demand more ample security, they have not only offered that already, but now again do it, and have impowered us to treat about the same. They are of opinion also, that all the Conditions, which could presently be performed, are already fulfilled: But if you would know the reason, why the Castles have not been so soon demolished, they make no doubt, but that the Prisoners Sons can satisfie your Majesty; and then, if any more be wanting to be done, they will use their utmost endeavours, that you have all just content given you. Wherefore, if ever they themselves, their Fathers or Grand-fathers, have done any thing, that has been acceptable to your Maje∣sty, to the Emperour Maximilian, or to any of your Progenitors, or if you think that they can be able to do any thing for the future, that may be pleasant and agreeable to you: They beg of you again and again, that you would now suffer them to reap some fruit of it, and that you would give Life to that Hope and Promise, which you made to them, First, at Hall, then at Naumburg, and lastly, at Ausburg, that so they may serve and honour you, from henceforth with greater promptitude and ala••rity, and have cause to glory, that the Fidelity and Service, which they have formerly performed to your Majesty, hath been well bestowed, and amply rewarded. For if otherwise they can obtain nothing at present, you may conjecture, Dread Sovereign, what inconvenience will ensue upon it, when they are forced to appear publickly, and justifie their own innocence. But it is still their Hope, Sir, that you will listen to their Prayers. They'll take that, in∣deed, as the greatest favour you can oblige them by, and not only they, but the Landgrave himself, his Sons, and all their Relations, will ever make it their earn∣est endeavours, to express their gratitude for the same. And because their Re∣putation is so deeply engaged in the thing, they have solicited other Princes to intercede with them also, whose Ambassadours stand now before your Majesty: And for this end have they done it, that what they themselves by Prayers, Agents and Letters could not hitherto obtain from you, by their Recommendation and Favour they might effect; and they pray your Majesty to take it so. When thus they had spoken, they presented to him the Letters of Ferdinand, King of the Romans, Albert, Duke of Bavaria, and the Brothers of Lunenburg, in favour of the Landgrave. Now the Princes, who interceded by Ambassadours, were, Fre∣derick,* 1.37 the Elector Palatine, Wolffgang, Duke of Deuxponts, John Marquess of Bran∣deburg, Henry and John Albert Dukes of Meckleburg, Ernest Marquess of Baden, and Christopher Duke of Wirtemburg. Their Ambassadours, presently after the foregoing Speech had been spoken, shew'd their Commissions, and then told their Errand.* 1.38 The Electoral Princes, Duke Maurice, and the Marquess of Brandeburg, say they, being in great perplexities upon occasion of the Landgrave's detention,

as they said, and intending to supplicate your Majesty in his behalf, most graci∣ous Emperour, have entreated our Princes to intercede joyntly with them, that, through their Recommendation, the suit might have greater weight with your Majesty: Which Office, in so reasonable a thing, they could not deny them, con∣sidering the intimate Friendship, and Relation, they have to one another. Since the Case is so then, as the Ambassadours, of both the Princes, have now made it sufficiently appear: And seeing if he should be longer detained, it must needs re∣dound to the disadvantage and opprobry of those, who have pawned their Faith and Honour to him; the Princes, who have sent ••s, pray and beseech your Maje∣sty, to take these things into serious consideration, for they think themselves very much concerned also, that the Dignity, Honour and Reputation of the o∣ther Princes, do not suffer; nor can any thing afflict them more, than that their Fame should be ••ullied with any stain, which cannot be avoided, unless the Captive Prince be set at liberty. They therefore earnestly beg, that these Prayers and Intercessions, may prevail with your Majesty, and that he may be speedily re∣leased, especially, since he hath acknowledged his fault, humbly begg'd pardon for the same, and hath been now a long while in custody; but above all, because the necessary Obligation of two Electors does require it; who, in acting a fair and generous part, and endeavouring to gratifie your Majesty, have run them∣selves into these streights. Now, though there may have been some mistake committed in the Treaty, and some things not rightly understood; yet it suits well with your Imperial Clemency, to prefer Equity before strict Justice, and to have regard not so much to the Prisoner, as to the inevitable necessity of the Electors: And to treat them graciously, after the manner of your Predecessors, who have been always exceedingly tender of the Dignity of the Princes of the Empire. And this, Sir, will render your Majesties Name glorious amongst all Men, and engage them more and more, in Love and Loyalty, to your Person and Interests, so that they'll be ready to do any thing for you.* 1.39 The Ambassadours also of the King of Denmark, interceded in the same behalf. But some days after, the Em∣perour made answer; That seeing it was a difficult business, that required deli∣beration, and that he had notice, that, Duke Maurice would be with him shortly, about other weighty Affairs,* 1.40 in so much, that having written to him, he expect∣ed him daily, therefore he put off the Matter till then, as thinking it most con∣venient to treat about it, when he should be present: That as for them, they might return home to their own Princes, and tell them in his Name, That he would be mindful of their Intercession, and so order Affairs, that they should understand, that their Mediation had been of no small weight with him. Not long after, Prince William, the Landgrave's Eldest Son came to Duke Maurice; to enquire of him, what was done in the mediation he had put him in hopes of, now, that it was so many Months since the Ambassadours were gone on their Journy. He told him, That because the Danish Ambassadours came a little too late, and not before the Emperour was gone from Ausburg to Inspruck, it was some time delayed: And then he shewed him what Answer the Emperour had given; telling him, That since he was desirous to speak with him, and had put off the business till then, though he was loath to leave his Country, at that time, yet, because it was the Affair in the World, that most affected him, he was resolved to go, so soon as he had received his Letters. Then, replied Prince William, that that was a doubtful and uncertain Answer:* 1.41 Nor did he see, what it was, they could expect, that, in the mean time, his Father was in a sad Condition, pining away for grief, in a nasty and loathsome Prison: That he could not but concern him∣self for him, both in Duty, and upon the account of Promise; that he should therefore endeavour, to get him a plain and definite Answer, and that within a time, too; or else that he, and the Elector of Brandeburg, must not take it ill, if they were cited, and made to fulfil their Obligation: As to what he said of his Journy, he would have him to think better on't: Nor did he know, whether it might be safe for him, or not. Now these things were done only for a shew, in presence of some Counsellors, whom Duke Maurice would, by no means, have privy to his Counsels and Design: For ever since he had begun to project the Matter with Count Heideck, which was, when he drew over some of his Forces into his Party, as we told you in the foregoing Book, he scarcely acquainted any about him with what he did intend, so that what the French Ambassador came thither for, or what he did at Court, none of them could tell. Having therefore received this Answer from the Emperour, he presently bent his thoughts upon War, and only waited for a fit season.

The Disputes began December the Seventh,* 1.42 concerning the Heads we mentioned before; and on the shortest day of the year, Maximilian made his entry into Trent with his Wife and Children,* 1.43 and was received by the Popes Legate, by the Spa∣nish, Italian, and some German Bishops also, but not by the Electors. He brought with him from Spain an Indian Elephant, a Beast not often seen in Germany. The day after he came, it came to the turn of John Gropper, whom I named before, to Dispute,* 1.44 and, in the heat of Discourse, he bitterly enveighed against Melanchton and Bucer who was then dead, and, being himself a German, railed reproachfully at both, whereas both the Spaniards and Italians had been more moderate, and this was both contrary to the Decree of the Empire, and the Law they themselves had made, which was, That matters should be debated without passion or reproachful language; wherefore, some days after, the Deputy of Strasburg took notice of it to the Ambassadour Poictieres, and complained of the liberty they were suffered to take to themselves. He made answer, That it was much against the Fathers Will that they did do so, and that they had been severely admonished to refrain; and, that though, perhaps, being provoked by the Example of their Adversaries, who for many years had domineered in that manner, they did do so, yet they would take care, that it should be so no more for the future; that it was not the Empe∣rours Will neither, that any Man should have cause of offence given him; and, that the Fathers were of the same mind.

On the Eighteenth of December,* 1.45 the Bishop of Waradine, lately made Cardinal, was, upon suspicion of confederacy with the Turks, murdered in his own House. The Author of this Assassination was, John Baptista Castaldo, an Italian, whom the Emperour had formerly sent into Hungary, to aid and assist King Ferdinand, with his counsel. Sforza Palavicini had also an hand in it. When this Murder came to the Popes Ears, he appointed Judges to enquire into the Fact, and, at the same time, Excommunicated those we named. The Widow of John, Vayvode of Transilvania, finding that it would be hard for her to preserve the Country, treated with King Ferdinand, and having resigned over the Government to him, and delivered up the Insignia and Ornaments of the Kingdom, she returned to Poland. By this means then,* 1.46 and the assistance of the Bishop of Waradin, Ferdinand got possession of all Transilvania almost, but because this Bishop seemed afterward to plot new designs, and to aspire to the Government, he lost his life.

We spoke in the former Book of the Ministers of the Church, that were banished Ausburg; most of the Churches therefore were destitute, to the great offence of the People, who thought, that the Senate had put the Emperour upon it. And, seeing it was to be feared, that this grudge might some time or other break out into disorder,* 1.47 after much and long inquiry, one Caspar Huberine was at length found out, who would conform to the Regulation of Doctrine, prescribed by the Emperour. He had published some little Pieces about Religion, which were always very much approved, and commended also by Luther; but how he came to change his Opinion, I cannot affirm. He did not begin to preach so soon as he came to Ausburg, for fear the People might mutiny, but on Christmuss-day he fell to work, to the amaze∣ment of many, who had read his Books before.

The Soldiers,* 1.48 as well they who besieged Magdeburg, as the Garison that held it out, had their Winter Quarters in Thuringe, and the adjoyning Places, and did much damage, especially to the Churchmen, and among those also, to the Archbishop of Mentz, whose frontiers reached so far. The Electors of Mentz, Treves, and Co∣logne,* 1.49 being moved thereat, the first because of the damage he received, and the other two, for that they feared it might be their own case next, resolved to re∣turn home, and accordingly made the Emperour acquainted with it by Messengers and Letters.

But the Emperour,* 1.50 who earnestly desired that the Council might be continued, thus answered them, on the Third of January. I received, says he, your Letters of the One and twentieth of December; and because I sent Orders to Don Francisco de Toledo, to discourse you concerning the Affairs you wrote to me about; and then, because the Bishop of Arras, had, in my Name, imparted several things of that nature to your Agent here, I thought you had been satisfied. But since I hear, that, because of an unwelcome report now spread abroad, you are resolving to return home, I thought fit to advise you in Writing, that you would not lightly give credit to every thing that is told you. For though there has been a rumour now for some time, of some hidden designs in Hesse, as if it were to be feared there might be an Insurrection there; yet, I am informed, that if there be any such thing,

it is but the attempt of a few, which the greater part dislike; so that it is more credible, that they themselves will reflect not only upon the Oath and Promises, whereby they have bound themselves to me, but also upon the Duty they owe both to me and the Publick, and not run themselves into so great danger, upon any un∣certain hopes. Besides, having, by Messengers, diligently enquired of the Neigh∣bouring Princes, States, and Cities, how things went, and if any new attempts were on foot, I have found, that all were dutiful and obedient; for, indeed, I have given no Man any cause of offence. There has been a great talk for some∣time past, of Duke Maurice also, arising perhaps from hence, that he formerly commanded the Forces, which getting together into a Body after the surrender of Magdeburg, had done hurt in some places; but he hath lately, both by Letters and Ambassadours, assured me of his fidelity; nay, he has at this present two Ambas∣sadours here, who will set out to morrow for Trent to come to the Council. He hath signified to me, besides, that for some weighty and important Affairs he is pre∣paring to come unto me, and, I have certain intelligence, that to day or to morrow at farthest, he will set out from Magdeburg upon his Journy hither. In short, he makes me such fair and ample promises of his Duty and Allegiance, that I ought not to look for any thing from him, but what is just and honourable, if there be any faith amongst Men. And seeing he is a true German by Birth and Extraction, I cannot be induced to think, that he can hatch such sinistrous Designs and Coun∣sels. As to the Forces, complaints have, indeed, been brought me from many hands, and some States are apprehensive, that they may remove their Camp, and do more mischief; but after that I came to understand, that they kept together in Bodies and used violence, for want of their pay, I sent Messengers and Officers with a strict charge, to use all their endeavours, and by any means raise Money to pay them off; nor is that all, for I have written also to Duke Maurice, and past my word and promise for what Money might be owing, provided the Soldiers were disbanded; and this I did, not that I was obliged to it, but because I wish the quiet of Germany above all things. I now therefore expect hourly that it should be done, and make no doubt, but that they being fairly dismissed, all this stir and busle will be over. But if the Soldiers, having received their pay, be not disbanded, then will it easily appear, that some under-hand designs are on foot, and then also will it be fit to take other measures, such as I have already in my hea••. Now, as to the other frequent, but uncertain, and almost contradictory Reports that are brought unto me, it is my opinion, that they are in a great part devised by our Enemies, and, according to their wonted levity, dispersed among the People, with design to disturb the Council and Peace of Germany. But I trust, that by Gods Blessing, these Clandestine Counsels and Contrivances will at length be brought to light, and meet with the success they deserve. For now, that Magdeburg is surrendered, all are still and quiet Germany, and all the Princes and States behave themselves so lovingly and obediently towards me; that I cannot, indeed, devise, what excuse or pretext can possibly be invented to colour any new s••irs. I am not, however, ignorant, but that circumspection is to be used; and, that at this time, when there are such Commotions in Foreign Nations, the least suspicion of danger is not to be neglected; Again, I am neither so unadvised nor negligent, as to be deaf to the Reports that are brought unto me; for I have Spies in all places, that enquire into every thing, and in that I spare neither cost nor labour: Nevertheless, that upon every light report, the whole State should streight be alarmed, you in your wisdom know, how silly and unadvised a thing it would be. Now, that you should leave the Council, unless in case of extream necessity, I can in no ways approve; for since very much dependeth on your pre∣sence, it is to be ••eared, lest, by your departure, not only the Council may be dis∣persed, but also a fatal blow given to Religion, wherein both the salvation of Mankind in general, and your own private Fortuens, consist. Which being so, I earnestly desire you, my Lords of Mentz and Treves, that you would alter your resolution, and not think of going as yet; and you, my Lord of Cologne, who seem not to be in so great haste, continue in the same mind, I pray you. In general I exhort you all, that, since you hold the chief place among the States of the Em∣pire, you would help one another with Aid and Counsel, and entertain Brotherly Love and Kindness amongst your selves. In the mean time, it shall be my care to watch for the Publick, and, as far as I am able, either by parts or power, to en∣deavour timely to quench any fire that may break out; that, Civil Broils being over, and strength increasing at home, we may be in a better condition to resist a

Foreign War, and that you may have leisure, all things being quiet and peace∣able within your Jurisdictions, to mind the affairs of Religion and Christianity. After all, though, I would advise you, to give Orders to the Counsellors and Of∣ficers that you left at home, that they look carefully about them, that no sudden surprize happen, and that they consult with their Neighbours, whom they think they can safely trust. And, if I can do you any kindness that way, I'le willingly assist you, that if any Commotion happen, which, I think, will not, you may be in the greater readiness, whatever fall out. And seeing we are not far distant one from another, I'le take it kindly, if you'll hereafter write to me of what you hear, I shall do the same, and not fail to acquaint you, with what I think concerns the Publick, nor be wanting in giving that necessary protection and defence to all that expect and deserve it.* 1.51 Some days before, Montfort was come back to Trent; and therefore the Ambassadours of Wirtemberg went to wait upon him, and tell him, That hitherto they had obtained nothing by the help of the Cardinal, nor of Don Francisco de Toledo; and, that since he and his Collegues represented the Emperour there, they desired, that their Princes demands might be heard. But receiving no satisfactory answer then neither, they began to despair of success, and to think of returning home, as the Prince had lately enjoyned them, if they found they were put off with longer delays. The Deputy of Strasburg gave Count Montfort also an account of the business he came about, as he had done before to Poictieres, and he likewise took a Copy of his Commission. Now were the Disputations of the Di∣vines over, and the Fathers met daily, that, having examined all their Opinions, they might frame the Decrees, as we told you before. Three of the German Na∣tion were chosen for that purpose, the Bishops of Cologne, Vienna, and Julius Pflug Bishop of Naumburg. Whil'st these were taken up about that affair, and prepared all things for the future Session, at length, January the Seventh, came the Ambassa∣dours of Duke Maurice, of whom the Emperour had written a little before, and these were Wolf Coler,* 1.52 and Leonard Badehorn a Lawyer. Their coming cheared up the Bishops whom I named before, and chiefly the Emperours Ambassadours, who thought, that Duke Maurice, being peaceably inclined, was now no more to be su∣spected. The third day after they came, they acquainted the Emperours Ambas∣sadours with their Instructions,* 1.53 and at first alledged, that the safe Conduct granted by the Council was not sufficient security for the Divines to come, and, that it was the cause, why the Princes had sent none; that he himself was very well affected towards the Publick, and earnestly desired, that some way of Concord might be found; that therefore he was fully resolved to send some good and peceable Men, and doubted not but most of the rest would do the same; but, that it might be so, his demands were first, That those who were to come might have a safe Conduct in the form of that of the Council of Basil, which was heretofore given to the Bohemians; That when they should come, all that had been done before might be reviewed and debated again of new, and the day of the ensuing Session prorogued; That there should be a Council, wherein all Nations and People might meet; That the Pope should not take to himself the Authority of President, but submit to the Council, and absolve all the Bishops from their Oaths of Canonical Obe∣dience, that so all the Votes in Council might be free, and no constraint laid upon Mens Judgements; That they would propose these things more at large in the Con∣gregation of the Fathers, when it should be thought fit, and move, that something might be done therein with all expedition; That now the Divines were about forty Miles forward on their Journy, and waited only till they should be sent for. That was done on the Tenth day of January. They made answer, That they were very glad of their coming, and that they would make a Report of all they had said to the Council. They informed the Emperour also of the whole matter, who, to soften Duke Maurice, advised and counselled the Fathers, to return a mild and friendly answer to his Demands. The Duke of Wirtemberg also, hearing that Duke Maurice had sent thither, ordered his Ambassadours to stay till the next Session, and there exhibit their Writing. At the same time the sent another short Paper, much to the same purpose that the Demands of Duke Maurice were, as will appear hereafter; and, that he would have also produced with the confession of Faith and Doctrine. The Deputy of Strasburg had orders to stay, either till the Mauritians came, or that it were certainly know, they would not come. When they were come therefore, he communicated to them the cause of his Depu∣tation, told them, how Affairs stood, and learned of them what Instructions they had. Those of Wirtemberg did the same, and so all joyned in the common cause;

which they, as coming latest, did chiefly prosecute, and therefore made earnest suit to the three Electoral Archbishops, the Cardinal of Trent, who was Duke Maurice's familiar Friend,* 1.54 and the Emperour's Ambassadors, that, for the sake of the Publick, they would both be favourable to them, themselves, and persuade the rest of the Fathers also, to be so. For none of the Ambassadours went to the Le∣gate Crescentio, or his Collegues, lest they should seem to own their Authority; but, because in obedience to the Emperour, and to comply with the Imperial De∣cree, they had been sent to the Council, therefore they applied themselves in all Matters to his Ambassadors, who was the chief and supream Magistrate. And, at the same time, News was also brought, that Duke Maurice would, in a few days, be with the Emperour, which raised the hopes and expectations of all Men.

The King of England's Uncle,* 1.55 whom we named before, was, in this Month, be∣headed at London, and some of his familiar Friends suffered with him. No Man doubted, but that this was done by the influence of the Duke of Northumberland; and wiser Men began now to be concerned for the good King, whom they saw more exposed to Danger and Treasons, now his nearest Relations were taken out of the way; for, after the death of the Duke of Somerset, Northumberland brought in new Bedchamber-men about the King, and amongst these his own Sons and Relations.

The day of the next Session of the Council now approaching, the Emperour's Ambassadors sent for those of Duke Maurice,* 1.56 and told them, what they had done with the Fathers in their Affair; that they had obtained a safe Conduct, such as they desired; that all farther Action also should rest, and be put off until they came, and might be present; that it was not in the power of the Fathers, that all Nations and People should meet there; that the Council was lawfully called, and, though all did not come, it nevertheless retained its Authority and Dignity; that they themselves might consider, how undecent a thing it would be, to handle the De∣crees, already made, over again, for that it would redound to the Infamy and Dis∣grace of so great an Assembly; that the Divines, come when they would, should have a full hearing about all things, and be most courteously used; that if any thing should offend them, or seem to be partially carried, they should have liberty to depart, when ever they pleased; that they earnestly desired, they would have re∣spect to the Times, and not to expect, that all things should be granted them at once; that when Matters came into agitation, most part of what they demanded might be occasionally obtained, which now seemed somewhat too hard; that the Fathers were very desirous of Reformation, and would not be wanting in their Duty; that they much longed for the coming of the Divines, whom they would treat with all Civility and Kindness; and that they themselves had Matters of great importance to propound, but were desirous, that the Protestant Divines would break the Ice, that so they also might appear in due time; that what they de∣manded likewise, as to the Pope's submission, they begg'd, they would be a little more reserved, as to that point; that the Fathers were very sensible, that, in so high a Pinacle of Dignity, several thing were to be found fault with, and ought to be reformed, but that, nevertheless, such a thing was to be managed by fine and quaint measures; that it was the will and desire of the Emperour, that all things should be carried on duly and lawfully, but that they had daily experience, how tenderly and slily the Pope's Legates were to be handled, for that it required singu∣lar Art and Dexterity to manage them, that they should therefore acquiesce in what was now obtained for them, not without great trouble and pains, and hasten, as much as they could, the coming of the Divines; that, both in their publick and private Capacity, they would be ready to do them all kindness; and having pro∣ceeded so far, they gave them a draught of the safe Conduct, which they desired them to read over, and then send it back to them again. This past Januuary the Twenty second, in the morning. After they had so dismissed them, they presently sent for the Ambassadors of Wirtemberg,* 1.57 and, in the first place, made an excuse for what was past, because of the extraordinary business the Fathers had been en∣gaged in, but that now, if they had any thing to be done, they were ready to serve them. They made answer, That a good while since they had had Matters to pro∣pose, and that they desire Admittance, as soon as possible. These being also dis∣missed, they sent for the Deputy of Strasburg, and discoursed him much after the same manner. He gave them a short account of the business he was sent about, by reason Don Francisco de Toledo was there, to whom he had not spoken before, that he had no more to say at present, but expected Letters from his Principals; for he had Orders, upon the arrival of the Ambassadors of Duke Maurice, to write

immediately to the Senate, to acquaint them with their Instructions, and then to expect farther Orders from home; but, in the mean time, he entreated, that what was communicated to them by the Mauritian Ambassadors, they would presently bring under publick debate. They replied, That some things they had to treat of, with the Ambassadors of Duke Maurice and Wirtemberg, and that, when any thing was done therein, they would impart it to him, that he might acquaint his Principals therewith; that they heartily wished for Agreement, and that the Emperour bent all his Thoughts and Care that way; that they were very desirous, Matters might once be brought upon the Debate; and that they made no doubt, but God would Bless all honest Endeavours. When these things were over, the Ambassadors of Saxony, Wirtemberg, and Strasburg, consulting together, examined and weighed the draught of the safe Conduct, which they had received. And because they had before drawn out the Heads of the Decree of Basil,* 1.58 those espe∣cially wherein the stress of the business lay, that they might have them before their Eyes, it was no difficult matter, by comparing them together, immediately to observe, wherein this differed from that. Having run them over, they pre∣sently found, that the chief places were partly altered, and partly omitted; for in the safe Conduct, that was heretofore given to the Bohemians, there are these things,* 1.59 amongst others, That also they should have the power of deciding; that in every Controversie, the Holy Scripture, the practice of the Primitive Church; Councils and Expositors, agreeing with the Scriptures, should stand in place of a Judge; that they should have the free exercise of their Religion at home, in their own Houses; and that nothing should be done in contempt and disparagement of their Religion. The first, third and last of these, were omitted; the second, and that which is indeed the principal, was plainly altered. Having observed these things, they themselves drew up a form, consonant to the Decree of Basil; but, in the mean time,* 1.60 whilst they were busied in drawing up that from, Don Francisco de Toledo sent a Servant once or twice for the Paper, fearing, as it should seem, too strict an Examination. However, they went on, and having finished it at length, the Ambassadors of Duke Maurice return to Don Francisco de Toledo, and comparing the one with the other, shew him, what they found wanting in his. Then began he to storm and huff; and why were not they content with that, which had cost them a great deal of Labour and Pains in the obtaining; that there was secu∣rity enough, in conscience, provided, for those that were to come; that safe coming and going was the chief point to be mineded; and that the rest signified nothing, but only in relation to the way of proceeding; which might be far better adjusted when the Divines were present, than then. They made answer, That they durst not transgress the limits of their Commission, which was, that they should not accept of a safe Conduct, different from that of Basil. Two days after, all the Fathers met in the Legate's House in the morning, and, with them, the Emperour's Ambassadors; who sent for the Ambassadors of Wirtemberg thither, as they had told them they would,* 1.61 two days before. Being introduced, they were bid speak what they had to say; so, having produced their Commission, and made some little Preamble, they presented their written Confession of Doctrine, and gave it in to the Clerk of the Council, according to Custom; and then told the Fathers, That there were Divines coming from the Prince, who would handle all the Points more at large, but upon these Conditions: First, That fit Judges should be chosen by consent of both Parties, who might hear the Plea of the Divines, and judge uprightly of the Matters in Controversy; for since the Prince understood, that the Doctrine of his Divines, in most things, was repugnant to that of the Pope, and Bishops, who were all many ways bound and engaged to his Holiness, it seemed very unreasonable and unjust to him, that they, who were Parties, whether Plain∣tiff, or Defendant, should take to themselves the power of Judging: Again, That it was a Decree of the Diet at Ausburg, that the Council should be continued, and all things carried on in a right and pious manner; that their Prince had always understood it so, that what had been done in the Council in former years, ought not to have the force of Laws, but that all things should be reviewed again from the beginning; for what Law or Justice would it be, when two are at Law, that one of the Parties absent upon a lawful ground, should be obliged to ratify and approve the Sentence pronounced in his absence? Besides, since not only in the former Council, but in this also, there had been many Decrees made, contrary to holy Scripture, and many ancient Errors also confirmed, as might be demonstrated; the Prince demanded, that they should be of no authority, but all submitted again

to a fair and lawful Tryal. And all these Heads he gave in in Writing with the confession of Doctrine. Having done so, their Answer was, That the Fathers would in due time tell them their thoughts as to the matter,* 1.62 and so they were dis∣missed. The same day towards the Evening, the Ambassadours of Duke Maurice were sent for to have Audience in the same place. When they were come, they delivered their Masters Demands in the long Speech,* 1.63 to the same purpose, as they had lately done to the Emperours Ambassadours; but that it was more pithy in the close; where they boggled not to say, That the Worship and Service commonly performed in Papist-Churches, was not the true Religion, but a painted shadow of Devotion. Having done speaking, they delivered in the same Speech in Writ∣ing to the Clerk I mentioned; and they had an Answer in the same terms, as those of Wirtemberg had before. Amongst other things it vexed them exceedingly, as was known afterwards, that their Religion had been called by so base and con∣temptible a name. The Ambassadours purposed to have delivered their Commis∣sion in a publick Session; but to avoid that, which they knew would have been done,* 1.64 the Fathers gave them a private Audience, for, either they must have done so, or have left all to a publick Debate. They had brought with them, indeed, the Confession of Faith, that was drawn up, as I said, by Melanchton; but, for what cause I cannot tell, they produced it not.

The day following,* 1.65 which was the Twenty fifth of January, the publick Session was held, and the Legate went to Church in the pomp we mentioned before. There was a greater number of Soldiers then, and a greater confluence of People from several places, expecting great matters should be done that day. After Mass and all the Ceremonies were over, it was publickly read from the Pulpit, That for the sake of the Protestants, all matters were put off to the Nineteenth day of March; by which day they were to be present, to propound what they had to say; that the Council did condescend to that out of kindness to them, hope∣ing that they came not obstinately to oppugne the Catholick Faith, but with a de∣sire to learn the Truth, and at length to submit and obey the Decrees and Disci∣pline of the Church; that a safe Conduct had also been granted them, in a more ample manner, that nothing at all might be wanting; and, then, that the Sacra∣ment of Matrimony was to be handled in the next Session. Three days after, when nothing appeared, the Ambassadours of Duke Maurice dineing with Don Francisco de Toledo, desired a sight of the safe Conduct that had been promised: He gave them a civil answer; but when three days more were past, the Deputy of Stras∣burg, at the desire of the rest, went to Poictieres, and complained, that now in six days time they had received nothing; that there had been delay long enough before, because the safe Conduct was not full enough; and, that now again, time was pro∣tracted; but that the Divines would not come, before their Masters were sa∣tisfied with the safe Conduct. He made answer, That it was not any fault of his, and that he wondered why Don Francisco de Toledo, who was chief of the Embassy, deferred so much; that he would presently go to him, and made no doubt, but that the matter would be dispatched the same day; that he would send him word of what he learnt from him, and so going out together, he went to his Lodgings. This was on the Thirtieth of January. Some hours after, all the Ambassadours are sent for to the Lodgings of Don Francisco de Toledo, where Montfort also was pre∣sent, but Poictieres spoke; and first makes an Apology for the delay that had been made, enlarging much upon their own sincerity in the affair, and the honourable Intentions of the Emperour their Master; and then he urges them to hasten the coming of the Divines with all speed; which they thought they must needs do, ha∣ving once received their safe Conduct.* 1.66 At these words Don Francisco de Toledo arose, and gave every one of them a Copy of the safe Conduct, signed by the Clerks of the Council. They withdrew to peruse it, and found that the places which they had corrected before the Session were not altered; wherefore they came back to them again, and complain of that, shewing them what it was they desired to have done in every Article of the same. The Ambassadours of Duke Maurice also were willing to know of them, what answer the Fathers made to their demands; which those of Wirtemberg likewise desired.* 1.67 Poictieres spoke again, and as to the safe Conduct, made answer: That to demand liberty to be granted to their Di∣vines to sit in Council, and decide, was done a little too early by them; that if they were once present, and engaged in business, many things, perhaps, might be occasionally allowed them, which now were refused; that no Man was, indeed, against it, but that the holy Scripture should be the Judge in all Controversies, but

that when any debate arose, about the interpretation of Scripture, who was more to be believed, than a Council? That Scripture was an inanimate and dumb thing, as all other Political Laws also were; but that the Judges Mouth must go along with it, to make it to be understood; and, that that had been the custom ever since the Apostles days, when any doubts arose: That it was not, indeed, ex∣presly granted to them, that they should have the exercise of their Religion, in their Houses, but likewise, that it was not forbidden; that they had no reason to fear, that any thing would be done in contempt or reproach of their Religion and Doctrine, because severe Orders would be made to the contrary; for, that it was the Emperours will it should be so, as the Fathers hated all sawcy and intemperate Language; and that seeing they met for the sake of peace, scurrilous and oppro∣brious Expressions would not be allowed in any manner. They answer their de∣mands much in the way as they had been lately answered before the Session, as we said before, to wit, That all Publick Action was at a stand upon their account, and put off till another time;* 1.68 but to have the Decrees debated again of new, they prayed them not to cast such an aspers••on upon so many Excellent Men; that they would engage their Faith and Word, that when the Divines came, they should be heard concerning all things; that as to the bringing the Pope to submit to the Council, and to absolve the Bishops from their Canonical Oath, was a thing that properly belonged to his Holiness himself, and that therefore the Fa∣thers would do nothing therein, till first they had acquainted him with it; that as to the demands of Wirtemberg, since they were almost of the same nature, the Opi∣nion of the Fathers was the same; that therefore they besought them, that for such trifling matters they would not suffer the occasion, so long wished for, of ac∣complishing a most holy design to be obstructed and disappointed, to the preju∣dice of all the Provinces in Europe, which might otherwise reap the fruits thereof; but, that they would use their endeavours, and persuade their Masters, that the Divines might be sent with all speed; and, that they could not, at that time, do the Publick better Service. Many words having past betwixt them, when the Ambassadours had insisted upon this chiefly, that it was very unreasonable, that one of the Parties in a Suit should be both Judge and Party, and pass sentence upon the thing controverted, at length they depart, protesting, that they received the Copy of the safe Conduct upon no other condition, but that they might send it to their several Masters, which they would forthwith do with great expedition; that they would promote the matter as much as possibly they could, and that they did not despair of their coming. The Ambassadours of Duke Maurice presently sent the safe Conduct, both to their Prince and Divines, who, they thought, were then at Ausburg;* 1.69 the like did the Deputy of Strasburg; but those of Wirtemberg carried their Copy themselves, setting out on their Journy homewards on the first of February, by permission from their Prince, who appointed others in their places, as shall be said hereafter. A little before this, the Divines came from Duke Maurice to Norimberg, and amongst these Melanchton, being ordered to stay there,* 1.70 till the Ambassadours sent the safe Conduct from Trent; but some days after they arrived, they had other orders sent them, not to proceed any farther in their Journy, but to expect the event of the Prince's Negotiation with the Empe∣rour, to whom, as it was said, he was going. After the Decrees are published in the Session, it was usual to assign the Divines Subjects for their future Disputations, as hath been mentioned before; but all things were now at a stand, since the last Session, whereof more causes than one were alleadged. However it was given out publickly, to have been done for the sake of the Protestants; for in the beginning of February, when one of the Ambassadours of Saxony and the Deputy of Stras∣burg went for their pleasure into the adjoyning part of Italy as far as Venice; the other, in the mean time, who had seen Italy before, dealt with the Emperours Am∣bassadours, because he expected the Divines in a very short time, they being then, as he thought, come as far as Ausburg, that all Business might be deferred till they came,* 1.71 and that the Fathers would patiently bea•• with so small a delay. The Archbishop of Treves had with him one Ambrose Pelarg, a Dominican Fryar, who on a Festival day, which was the Seventh of February, preaching on that Text of Scripture concerning the Tares mingled with the Wheat, said, amongst other things,* 1.72 that the Tares must be in any manner rooted out, provided, it could be done without endamaging the Wheat, applying all his Discourse to Hereticks, who were signified by the Tares. Now it was reported to the Ambassadours of Saxony, that he had railed bitterly against Hereticks, and had also said, that no saith nor

promise, though made to them, was to be kept. Having therefore made diligent enquiry into the thing, he went to the Cardinal of Trent, who had authority there, and the Emperours Ambassadours, and complained of what he had heard. The Fryer being sent for,* 1.73 confessed that he had spoken of Hereticks in general, and that they were to be destroyed by Fire, Sword, the Halter, or any way whatso∣ever, provided that could be done without a greater Inconvenience, or Tumult; but that he had not said a word of not keeping Faith to them, and that if he had, he must have endangered his own life, for having transgressed a Decree of the Em∣pire. Afterwards they send for the Ambassadours, and having read over the Fryers Justification, bid him look for nothing from the Fathers but candour and fair deal∣ing; that if any thing should happen to be rashly blurted out, though that was a thing severely prohibited, they ought not to be moved thereat. Whether the Fryer was wronged or not, I cannot certainly tell; for some of the Hearers, being asked about it, varied in their Relation.

Much about this time came Letters from Duke Maurice to his Ambassadours, dated the last day of January.* 1.74 Therein he ordered them, that they should urge those things, which they had not as yet obtained of the Fathers; that now he was wholly taken up in making preparations to come to the Emperour; that then, amongst other matters, he would treat of those things with him; that besides his Divines, the Deputies and Divines of some other Princes and Cities would also come, amongst whom he named the Cousins, Dukes of Pomerania. The one of the Ambassadours, because his Collegue was not as yet returned from his Expe∣dition, sent a Copy of this Letter to the Cardinal of Trent, who lately before was gone to Brixen; for he being much devoted to the Emperours service, as he had a great love for Duke Maurice, with whom he had lived with great intimacy, and above all things wished the progress of the Council, he was much troubled at this growing dissension, that was in every bodies mouth, and, that was the reason why the Ambassadours sent a Copy of the Letter, because he knew it would ease and re∣fresh his Mind. No sooner had he received that Letter, but he wrote the Am∣bassadour an Answer, That whereas he had had some doubts before, he now be∣gan to take breath again, and to hope that all would be well; that so soon as Duke Maurice arrived at Inspruck, he would immediately go thither, if it were a great deal farther off to meet him; for he thought, that upon account of the friendship and intimacy that had been betwixt them, he could prevail with him to follow peaceable courses. Now the Letters were signed by Duke Maurice's own Hand, and thereto was their Commission joyned, which they might produce, if there were occasion; for that had been omitted before. Not long after, Fe∣bruary the Sixteenth,* 1.75 the Elector of Treves, to refresh himself, departed from Trent homewards; which the Emperour, as it was said, allowed of only upon this condition, that so soon as ever his health did permit, he should return thither again; but he left Pelarg behind him, that he might be present at all the Actions. The Electors of Mentz and Cologne brought him going a Mile or two on his Jour∣ny; but he struck off to the left hand, and did not go by Inspruck, where the Emperour then was. Not long after it began to be whispered by many, that the Council would be Prorogued;* 1.76 and, that Duke Maurice having made a League with the French King, was preparing to make War with the Emperour. This was, in∣deed, but a faint rumour in the beginning; but growing stronger and stronger daily, there was one privately sent from Trent to know the Emperours thoughts of the matter. Afterwards one came thither also from the Emperour; but all things were industriously concealed. On the Second of March, which then was Ashwednesday, the Popes Legate affixed publick Indulgences upon the Church-doors, granting Plenary Remission of Sins to all in general, but especially to the Bi∣shops, Ambassadours and Divines, who having either already, or would within a certain time confess their Sins, should go to some Churches of Trent, on certain days, and there by saying five Pater Nosters and as many Ave-Maria's, with the other Prayers, should pray to God for the Concord of Princes, the Unity of the Church, and the happy progress of the Council; That this so great a benefit was granted by Pope Julius III. out of his great care for the salvation of Souls,* 1.77 and that it might be obtained at Trent as well as at Rome. The Bishops and the rest, there∣fore, thronged daily to the Churches, especially the Spaniards, observing a di∣stinction of days; for sometime they spent more time, and sometimes less about their Devotion. In this so great silence, the Deputy of Strasburg having, in a Conference with Poictieres, enquired of him concerning the state of Affairs, was

told by him, that it was an idle Report spread abroad, of proroguing the Coun∣cil, and that the Emperour would have them by all means to proceed and conti∣nue their Actions; that it was for their sake also, that for several days nothing had been done, since they had given hopes of the coming of their Divines. This was about the beginning of March, when towards the later end of February, Duke Maurice had recalled his Divines from Norimberg, who after the Report was raised of his going to War upon the Emperour, having made some progress in his Journy thitherwards, returned home, and began to raise Soldiers, as you shall learn in the following Book. When these things began to be publickly known, and that the many Messengers who came upon one anothers heels, put the matter past all doubt,* 1.78 the Electors of Mentz and Cologne, to whom plenty of Provisions had been lately brought from the Lower Germany, having with great expedition provided themselves Horses, on the Eleventh of March, departed from Trent about break of day; the Legate with the Italian and Spanish Bishops having been to take leave of them the Evening before.* 1.79 The same day new Ambassadours came to Trent from the Duke of Wirtemberg, Wern, Munching, and Jerome Gerard a Lawyer. Next day after they went to wait on the Emperours Ambassadours, and having shew'd their Commission, desired to have an answer to their Princes De∣mands, which were presented to the Fathers on the Twenty fourth day of January; and acquainted them withal, that within a few days the Divines would come and give a fuller account of their Doctrine and Confession of Faith. That seemed very strange to them, but for what reason, I know not, unless it were, that it was said, one of them had all things in readiness for their Journy, and was thinking of returning home, who then must needs tarry against his will. Their answer was, That they must communicate the matter to the Fathers, and that when that was done, they would inform them of what they had said. In the mean while the Ambassadours of Duke Maurice were in great perplexity and anxiety; for they were thought to have acted craftily, and being privy to their Masters Council, to have dissembled all along; when they, in the mean time, affirmed, That they neither knew what was doing at home, had received no Letters from thence, nor could tell how they could return home without danger. And since they perceived that the longer delay they made,* 1.80 the greater their danger was like to be, March the Thirteenth as soon as it was day, with great silence they slipt away, and post∣ing to Brixen, consulted the Cardinal of Trent what they had best do. At length one of the Ambassadours, who had lived long at Inspruck before he came to Trent, and had in his Princes name made intercession with the rest to the Emperour for the Landgrave; Having, if I be not mistaken, obtained a safe Conduct, came to Inspruck, and purged himself so well to the Emperours Counsellors, of having any knowledge of Warlike Preparations, that he gained credit from them. From thence he went streight home; but the other took his Journy through Carniola, and so returned safe into his own Country. When the Electors of Mentz and Co∣logne came to Inspruck, they were honourably received by those whom the Empe∣rour sent to meet them, amongst whom was the Bishop of Arras. Having after had long and private Conferences with the Emperour, they pursued their Journy; for the matter required dispatch.* 1.81 Six days after the Ambassadours of Duke Mau∣rice left Trent, four Divines of Wirtemberg, and two of Strasburg came thither, of whom Brentius was one. Wherefore the Ambassadours repair instantly to Count Montfort, and name the Divines to him that were come, praying that he and his Collegues would use their endeavours, that the Fathers might give an answer to their demands, and fall to business again. Next day, being the Nineteenth of March, appointed for the Session, as was said before, the Fathers met in the House of the Legate. The Ambassadours of Portugal, who arrived a little before, was present; who having shewed his Commission, was in solemn manner received by the Fathers, and admitted to his place; After that, the publick Session was put off till the first of May,* 1.82 and all this privately, nothing else being done. In the mean time the Duke of Wirtemberg, caused the Confession of Faith which his Am∣bassadours presented in Council, to be printed, of which those who came last, and afterwards the Divines, had brought some Copies with them, and those being communicated to some, were sought after by many. For the Popes Legate kept the written Copy, that, as I said, was presented on the Twenty fourth of Ja∣nuary, and suffered but very few to read it, which was not known till then; so that when it was now published, some Italian and Spanish Bishops and Divines, made great enquiry after it, though, perhaps, not all with the same design. But the

Legate Crescentio taking that ill, chid a certain Physician of Trent, a Learned Man, for dispersing such kind of Books. Count Montfort also told them plainly little less, than that they had trespassed against the Conditions of the safe Con∣duct; and, that they who had publick security given them to save them harmless, ought also to avoid all occasions of giving offence. Two days after the private Congregation that was held in the Legates House, Poictieres sent the Deputy of Strasburg word in the Night-time, after they had had some hours before a long Conference together about entering upon Business again, that if they would have him or his Collegues propound any thing to the Fathers, they would not sail to do it, and at the same time appointed them an hour. Wherefore the day following, which was the Two and twentieth of March, the Ambassadours of Wirtemberg and Strasburg, came to the House of Don Francisco de Toledo, where Poictieres ha∣ving spoken first,* 1.83 the Ambassadours of Wirtemberg said, that they again demanded the same thing, which they had moved at their first coming, to wit, that they might have an Answer to the Demands presented long before; that, that being done, they might the more conveniently proceed to the rest; and when after many words on both sides, it might easily appear, that if they stuck to that, a stop would be put to the whole Negotiation, the Ambassadours, according to their Instruction, declare, That though they did not obtain what before they had demanded, yet that it might be evidently known, how very desirous their Prince was of Peace and Concord; again, that the handling of the cause might no longer be delayed, as also, that in obedience to the Emperour, and in com∣pliance with the Decree of the Empire, they were willing in their Princes Name, to present their Divines to a publick Disputation; but upon this condition still, that thereby they may not be thought to pass from any part of their own Right, but that they may retain whole and entire to them and theirs, all that they can claim by Law and Custom, and by the Decrees of the Dyet of Ausburg. When they had made this protestation, they gave it them in Writing, and then stept aside. Being again called, the Imperialists commended their Action, and acknow∣ledged that they aimed at Concord; that since it was so, the next thing, said they, that was to be considered, was the manner of proceeding, and they entreat∣ed them to give their opinion, as to that. The Ambassadours withdrew, and having consulted together, declared, that they had thought on two ways; to wit, That either the Divines might be heard touching all the Decrees of Doctrine that had been made in the Council, or that the Confession of Doctrine given in to the Fathers, and now published in Print, should be produced openly, and the seve∣ral Heads thereof handled in order; for that their Divines were come with that intent, that they might more fully explain and demonstrate the Doctrine con∣tained in that little Book, and answer those that would oppugne the same; that this seemed to them to be a very compendious way, and the most convenient that they could think on. Then the Deputy of Strasburg said, that the Magi∣strates whom he represented had read the Writing of the Wirtemberg-Doctrine, which they approved and professed, and had sent Divines thither, to joyn in that Confession, and, together with those of Wirtemberg, to defend the same; that he was enjoyned to make this profession to them in the name of the City of Stras∣burg and their Associates.

To these things they made answer, That whereas they made so fair advances, and acted so openly and sincerely, that the Commonwealth of Strasburg, and the other associated Cities, joyned also in the Profession of the same Doctrine, they were exceedingly overjoyed, and thanked them for it, promising to make a faithful report of the same to the Emperour, who they doubted not but would be glad to hear of it: That as to the Theological Disceptation, and way of pro∣ceeding prescribed by them, they would shortly acquaint them, what the Fathers Opinion was concerning it. Some days after, when they heard no news from them, when the Bishop of Naumburg was upon his departure, and the other two German Bishops, who were all that remained, preparing also, as it was said, to be gone, the Ambassadours went to Count Monfort, to know if the Fathers had, as yet, given any answer. All that he had to say, was, that the Fathers had not given any answer, as yet; and when mention was made of the departure of the Bishops; he said, that Naumburg went no farther than to wait upon the Empe∣rour; for that there were some Commissioners coming out of Saxony, to treat a Peace with Duke Maurice, and that he being of the same Country, and one of chief Note too, he could not, but at their request, be there: That as for the o∣thers,

he knew nothing of their designs. For that since the Emperour was very desirous of the Progress of the Council, they also directed all they did and said to that end, that Men might not lose all hopes of the main concern. The next day,* 1.84 which was the twenty seventh of March, the Deputy of Strasburg waited upon Poictieres, and told him, that the state of his Affairs was such, that he must needs return home: And that therefore he was desirous to know, what account he could give, upon his return, of the Theological Disceptation. This gave oc∣casion to some farther discourse about the way, how the future Debates of the Divines was to be managed, and it was the opinion of the Ambassadour Poictieres, that they could not conveniently proceed in the Method, which they had lately proposed: That now it was the design of the Fathers to determine the business of the Mass, in the next Session: That therefore he thought, that this was first to be debated, and then to proceed to the rest in order: That, nevertheless, what he had said, was his own private thought, not that his Collegues had en∣joyned him, to say any such thing. On the other hand, the Deputy of Stras∣burg alledged: That in the same manner, as the Divines of the Council had handled all things, in order, from the first Fundamentals of Religion, as the Creation; the Fall of Man; Original Sin; Justification; Faith; Good Works; and at length the Sacraments, so also ought their Divines to be allowed to follow the same Method: That they had also promised, the very same day, they deli∣vered the safe conduct, about the later end of January, that they should be heard about all Matters: That it was best to stick to that, and not invert the Order and Nature of things: For that unless Superiour and Antecedent Points were rightly determined, all Disputes about inferiour and subsequent Matters, that de∣pend on, and are deduced from the former, would be fruitless and vain. But when they could not agree upon that Matter, he told him, That as to his intended depar∣ture, it could not be granted him: That the Emperour had commanded them to suffer no Man to depart. After a long Discourse, when he told him, That he had no more to do, that what now remained would be managed by the Divines, who had a Commission for that in Writing: He bid him go to Count Monfort and shew him the Commission, and then civilly dismissed him, wishing him a good Journy home. When Count Monfort had seen the Commission, he could have wished; he said, that his Affairs would have permitted him to stay longer, but that since his, occasion so required, he could not be against his going, and so very kindly dismissed him. Next day, when he was just ready to set out upon his Journy,* 1.85 the Ambassadours sending for him, Poictieres told him, That though they had the day before condescended to his departure, yet having considered better on't, and consulted together, they could not give him leave to depart: That Matters were now brought to such a maturity, that the fruit of the time spent was to be expected: And the Actions to be begun again: That if the Legate had not been somewhat indisposed, something might have been determined that very day: That therefore he must needs stay: For if he should depart at that juncture of time, the Fathers would be offended, who knew, that he had been there for some Months past: That it was the Emperours command also, that no Man should withdraw: But that if he had Orders, from his Principals, to be gone, he should shew the Letters whereby he was recalled, that they might excuse themselves to the Emperour. To which he made answer, That he did not go, because he was recalled by the Senate, but because his own Affairs required it: And then having told them some Reasons, he declared, That if it were not for these, he would not have stirred one foot from thence: That not only the Authority of the Senate, who wished that he might tarry longer, but the dignity also of their Character, who desired it of him, and the cause it self, which he was very fond of, might justly prevail with him to do so: That by the coming of the Divines, he could be much better spared now; especially, since all that remained, was only to admit them to a hearing: That the Ambassadours of Wirtemburg, who lately arrived, were also present with the Divines, and that the cause was common, as had been lately declared: That if the Matter should be handled seriously, and without intermission, the Senate, perhaps, would sub∣stitute another in his place, for that he had given them, by the last Post, notice of his coming away. To this, replied Ambassadour Poictieres, that he would stay, at least, so long, till the Action were begun again, which would be very speedi∣ly: And that if the Legate Crescentio recovered not, they would endeavour, that his Collegues should manage the Matter in his place. When he perceived that

excuses and entreaties would not prevail, he betook himself to his last remedy, which he had purposely reserved till then; and told them, That both he, and all the rest, of the Augustane Confession, had leave granted them, by the safe Conduct, to depart, whensoever they pleased. Then at length, said Don Francisco de To∣ledo, they had so, indeed, and that they neither would, nor could, hinder him from going: But that they could do no otherwise, than to signifie to him the Emperours Commands, and what it was they themselves desired. So then having recommended the Publick Cause, and the Divines to their Cares, he took leave of their Excellencies, and departed. At that time, the Fathers disagreed among themselves,* 1.86 nor did they all look one way: For the Spaniards, Neapoli∣tans, Sicilians, and all that were on the Emperours side, but chiefly the Spani∣ards, and with them the Ambassadours, urged hard, that the Actions of the Coun∣cil might be continued: But the Pope's Creatures, suspecting that the Spaniards had a design to attempt the Reformation of the Court of Rome, desired to see some impediments started, that might prevent it: And, because of the Civil Broils, the Chief German Bishops were already gone, they looked for the same occasion, and the rather, that they had intelligence daily by Letters, that Duke Maurice and the Confederates were already in Arms. The King of France also had employed the Cardinal of Tournon,* 1.87 who bestirred himself actively in negotiating a Peace with the Pope: And if that took effect, since the French King was then in War with the Emperour, no Man doubted, but for his sake also, the Council would be dissolved. The Ambassadours of the Emperour, therefore, who saw and dreaded all these thing, made it their whole business, to bring about what they most desired, by means of the Protestant Ambassadours. About the later end of March, a certain Franciscan Fryer, preaching upon St. Paul's Epistle to the Ro∣mans, before a numerous Auditory, took occasion now and then to rail bitterly against Luther, and his Followers, and went so far, as to say, That they, who had never had the knowledge of Christ, and yet lived an honest Moral Life, might be saved: That this was the true meaning of the Apostle, in the second Chapter of the Romans, upon which he preached. Some of the Protestant Divines having been present, and heard this, they all consulted together, and wrote a Letter to the Emperours Ambassadours,* 1.88 on the last day of March, declaring that the cause of their coming, was, that they might illustrate, and defend the Confession of Doctrine exhibited: And that it was a grievance to them, that nothing was done in Council, whose Decrees already made contained hardly any thing else, but bitter Censures, and Execrations of the Doctrines they professed: That a Franciscan Frier t'other day had not only said many absurd things openly, which were contrary to the sense of the Church, and Ancient Doctors, but had also belched out many reproaches against their Doctrine and Churches: And that although some said, that he did these things against the will of the Fathers, yet they saw how well his Sermon took with the Hearers. That if that were the only cause why they were called to come thither, that they might be made a spe∣ctacle and laughing-stock to others, and be forced daily to hear their Doctrine reproached and railed at, there was no necessity, that they should have made the Journy, and that all these things might have been done in Writing: That there∣fore it was their earnest suit to them, that by virtue of their Character and Au∣thority, they would procure, not only that they might, at length, know what the Fathers found fault with, in the Confession exhibited, but that they also might be publickly heard, as to all the Points of it. The Ambassadours graciously received the Letter, professing that they were glad to find an occasion offered of urging the Council to action, so that, if the Legate Crescentio did refuse, they might put it home to his Collegues, and the rest of the Fathers. The Frier also preached no more after that, pretending Sickness.

April the first,* 1.89 Duke Maurice and his Associates, besieged Ausburg, and three days after took i•• by surrender, as shall be related in the following Book. April the fifth, the Ambassadours of Wirtemberg being sent for came to the House of Don Francisco de Toledo, taking with them, as they had been enjoyned, two Di∣vines,* 1.90 Brentius, and John Marbach of Strasburg. The Ambassadour Poictieres spoke, and told them first, That the Ambassadours had been very zealous in pur∣suing the common concern; but then, that because of the Sickness of the Le∣gate Crescentio, neither his Collegues, nor the Fathers, would act any thing in his absence: Lastly, that it was not their fault, if no progress were made, and that they would not omit any thing for the future, that might contribute to the fur∣thering

of business, and of this he made a protestation. The others having con∣sulted together, made answer, That they were very sensible of their Zeal, and the diligence they had used, but that they had expected something else, and a more certain Answer to their Demands, to have been communicated to those that sent them: But that now, since the matter was so, they were to take the next course. With that the Ambassadours, replied, That he did not intend, by what he said, nor was he to be so understood, as if there remained no more hopes of acting: That it was well done in them, and according to Duty, to acquaint their Magistrates with the whole state of Affairs: Nor did he doubt, but that when they should come to hear of all, they would both wonder at this delay and cessation, and take it ill: But that, however, he pray'd them, patiently to bear the tediousness of a few days more: That in the mean time, they would endeavour, that they should have a plain and positive answer: To which they made answer, That, for their sakes, they were very willing to do so. Next day, Messengers and Letters came post haste with the news of Ausburg's being taken, and that the Princes were marching streight towards the Alpes, to possess themselves of the Passes, and stop all the ways. Whereupon the Militia was raised all over the Country of Tirol, and Soldiers listed, with Orders to Muster at Inspruck. All the German Bishops were now gone,* 1.91 none remained but the Proxies of the Bishops of Spire and Mun∣ster, when this news was brought, the Italian Bishops presently fled for it, car∣rying their Goods, by Water, down the River Adige. So that the Wirtemberg Ambassadours started thereat, and seeing that the Council broke up of their own accord, they went to the Emperours Ambassadours, and acquainted them, that they also, and the Divines, were resolved to return home. They seemed much against it at first, and told them, That until they knew the Emperours pleasure therein, they could not consent to it: But when they could not prevail, they desired to have the reasons, of their departure, given them in Writing, that they might excuse themselves to the Emperour, and the Fathers. The Ambassa∣dour Poictieres put the question also, that if, after they were gone, the Fathers did proceed to action, what would the Divines say? To which the Ambassadours, having consulted with the Divines, said, That they would answer it, and so, April the eighth,* 1.92 in the Morning, they delivered to them the Writing they re∣quired. Therein they declared, when the Confession of Divines was exhibited; wherefore the Divines came: How they had in vain solicited till then, to have had answer to their demands: How to that very day, there had been no hopes of any future action: That now also a War was broken out, so that not only the German Bishops, but the Italians also went away, and that all the States were so involved in troubles, that there was nothing to be expected at present: That they did not think it prudent neither, to make any progress, in the absence of the Roman Bishops: That if hereafter, that Affair happened to be duely and or∣derly treated, they supposed their Prince would not be wanting: That it was the Opinion of the Divines, that many Decrees had been made, both in this, and in the former Council, which could not but be found fault with, if they were brought under a lawful Examination: That if the Fathers should now proceed, it was credible, that the same course would be taken: That, nevertheless, if per∣haps, either the Decrees already made should be corrected, or that such things should afterwards be decreed, as were agreeable to the holy Scriptures, they made no doubt, but they would be embraced with most willing and obedient Minds: That that would be most acceptable to them, as had been demonstrated in some places of the Confession exhibited: Which Writing they both judged to be pious, and would be ready to explain it more fully, when occasion called for it: That therefore they prayed them, to take their departure in good part: That they had liberty, indeed, granted them, by the safe conduct to depart thence, whensoever they pleased, and were not obliged to give any Man a reason for their so doing, but that the many civilities, they had received from them, obliged them not to baulk that small Duty, such as it was. So then they took their leave, and departed in the Afternoon, and a few hours after, they met upon the rode the Cardinal of Trent, coming post from Brixen to his own City, who being in∣formed, That they belonged to Wirtemberg, asked, who was Brentius, and spoke to him most courteously. We said before, that the Fathers did nor all look one way:* 1.93 The Spanish Bishops, indeed, seemed the most active and diligent of all: Some of the Germans also pretended, that there was great need of Reforma∣tion: But this was the mind of those, who all entertained the best thoughts,

that Ecclesiastical Discipline and Manners should be reformed, That Luxury, Am∣bition, and Examples of impure and dishonest Lives, should be removed, that every one should mind his own Cure, and that no single person should enjoy more Livings than one. Besides, they had it in their thoughts, as it should seem, to confine the Popes Power within certain bounds, and not allow his Court so much Authority and Jurisdiction over all Provinces. These, and some other things, they comprehended under the name of Reformation, and acknowledging, that they belonged properly unto them, and required amendment: But as to Do∣ctrine, they neither owned themselves guilty of any Error, nor would they allow that a Council could err, and believed, that their Adversaries would be at length forced to come over, and obey the Council; as appeared plainly enough from the French Kings Letter, and the form of the safe Conduct. It confirmed them in this Hope and Opinion, that they thought there were not many Pro∣fessors of that Doctrine remaining, the most part being either dead, or banished, as it has been said of Schwabia. It was the common talk there too, that, with∣in a few Months, all Matters relating to Doctrine would be determined. For of the chief Points, two only remained, the Lords Supper and Marriage: All the other Heads of Doctrine were already determined. The Fathers of Basil decided all things by the holy Scriptures, and the Writings which agreed with them: But these would have it to belong only to them to interpret the Scrip∣tures, nor would they admit of that place, of the Decree of Basil, by the Am∣bassadours restored, as we said before, and changing the Words of the Decree, determined that the Traditions also of the Apostles were to be followed in all doubtful and controverted Points, and whensoever they wanted a Testimony of Scripture, they bragg'd of Traditions, handed down to them from the very A∣postles, as was oftner than once observed in the Disputations of the Divines. And this also was the reason, that when on the thirtieth of January, the Prote∣stant Deputies received the safe Conduct from the Imperial Ambassadours, they declared, That by Apostolical Traditions, they only understood written Tradi∣tions of the Apostles, which were subjoyned to the Second Part of the Bible, the New Testament, or the History of the four Evangelists. We told you be∣fore, that the first of May had been appointed the day of the next Session: But Affairs being now in a desperate Case,* 1.94 the Fathers that remained met, and, by reason of the Dissentions, and Quarrels, of Kings and Princes, prorogued the Council for two years time, and longer, if Peace were not made. This was done the twenty ninth day of April, and by this time, the Pope had agreed with the French King.* 1.95 Within a few days after, the Emperours Ambassadours de∣parted also. But the Legate Crescentio was sick, and stayed behind: He being frightned by a Vision in the Night, as it is said, began both to be ill, and to de∣spair of Life; notwithstanding, all his Friends and Physicians could do to comfort him.* 1.96 Nor was he mistaken in his Judgment: For his Distemper increasing, he died at Verona. And this now was the end of the Council, at this time, which being with great hopes, renewed, thought of nothing less, than of retrieving Popery,* 1.97 and setting it shortly upon its Legs again. There were present at it, be∣sides the Popes Legates, and the Cardinal of Trent, threescore and two Bishops, and of these, eight Germans, five and twenty Spaniards, two Sardinians, four Sicilians, one Hungarian, the Bishop of Agria, all the rest were Italians: But of Divines, there were forty two, and of them, nineteen Spaniards, twelve Germans and Flemings.* 1.98 I intended to have past in silence the occasion of the Legate Crescentio's Sickness, because it was suspected to have been invented, by some, out of malice: But seeing it hath been so reported, by his Friends and Servants, who waited upon him, and sometimes comforted him on his Sick bed, I thought sit to subjoyn it. He had been very busie all day, March the twenty fifth, even till night, in writing Letters to the Pope; but then, rising to refresh himself, when his Work was over, it seemed to him, that a black Dog of extraordinary big∣ness, with flaming Eyes, and Ears reaching almost to the ground, entred the Room, and made streight towards him, but afterwards slipt away under the Ta∣ble. When he came to himself again, after the great fear and amazement, that the sight struck him into, he called in his Servants, who were in the Outer-cham∣ber, and bid them bring a Candle, and beat out the Dog: But when no Dog could be found, neither there, nor in the next Chamber to it, he became very pensive, and so fell into Sickness, as I said before. It is reported also, that up∣on his Death bed, he many times cried out to those, that were about him, to beat off the Dog that clambered up upon the Bed.

Notes

• * 1.1

  For making Peace with Magdeburg, Duke Maurice holds a Con∣vention of States.
• * 1.2

  He also desires a safe Conduct from the Council for his Divines.
• * 1.3

  The Decree of the Council concerning the Lord's Supper.
• * 1.4

  Four Heads left undecided to be disputed about.
• * 1.5

  The form of the safe con∣duct from the Council.
• * 1.6

  Brandeburg's Ambassador claws the Fa∣thers of the Council.
• * 1.7

  Frederick of Brandeburg, elected Arch∣bishop of M••gd••burg.
• * 1.8

  The end of the War of Magdeburg.
• * 1.9

  Duke Maurice makes the Hessians swear A••legiance to him.
• * 1.10

  The Protector of England again made Prisoner.
• * 1.11

  Martinhausen made Cardi∣nal.
• * 1.12

  The Council's Letter to the French King.
• * 1.13

  The French King frightens the Switzers from the Council.
• * 1.14

  Vergerio's Book about avoiding the Council.
• * 1.15

  The Bishop of Coyre recalled from the Council.
• * 1.16

  The Duchy of Wirtemberg rid of the Spaniards.
• * 1.17

  Hasen's Ex∣ploits in Schwabia.
• * 1.18

  The Duke of Wirtemberg's Ambassadors at the Council.
• * 1.19

  The Pacifica∣tion of Mag∣deburg.
• * 1.20

  The Condi∣tions of Peace.
• * 1.21

  The Magde∣burgers having received Duke Maurice, swear to be true to the Emperour.
• * 1.22

  Duke Mau∣rice's Com∣plaint to the Preachers of Magdeburg.
• * 1.23

  The Preacher•• Answer.
• * 1.24

  The constancy and renown of the Mag∣deburgers.
• * 1.25

  Duke Mau∣rice hatches a War against the Empe∣rour.
• * 1.26

  An Ambassa∣dour from the French King Duke Mau∣rice.
• * 1.27

  Maximilian comes from Spain.
• * 1.28

  His Ships plun∣dered by the French.
• * 1.29

  S••eidan sent Deputy from Strasburg to the Council.
• * 1.30

  Thirteen Car∣dinals created.
• * 1.31

  The Decree of the Council concerning Penance.
• * 1.32

  The Decree concerning Extreme Un∣ction.
• * 1.33

  Wirtemburgs Ambassadours apply them∣selves to the Cardinal of Trent.
• * 1.34

  And are gulled.
• * 1.35

  The Deputy of Strasburg applies himself to the Empe∣rours Ambas∣sadour.
• * 1.36

  The Ambas∣sadours of Duke Mau∣rice, and the Elector of Brandeburg, solicited the Emperour a∣bout the Landgrave.
• * 1.37

  The names of the Princes that inter∣ceded for the Landgrave.
• * 1.38

  The Speech of their Am∣bassadou••.
• * 1.39

  The Danish Ambassadour intercedes for the Land∣grave.
• * 1.40

  The Empe∣rours Answer to the Media∣tors.
• * 1.41

  The Confe∣rence of Duke Maurice, and Prince Willi∣am, the Land∣grave's Son.
• * 1.42

  1552.
• * 1.43

  Maximilian honourably received at Trent.
• * 1.44

  Groppers im∣modesty in the Council.
• * 1.45

  The Bishop of Waradin mur∣dered in Hun∣gary.
• * 1.46

  King Ferdi∣nand gets Transilvania.
• * 1.47

  Huberine an Interimist.
• * 1.48

  The Soldiers of Magdeburg create trouble to the Elector of Mentz.
• * 1.49

  The Letters of the Spiritual Electors to the Emperour.
• * 1.50

  The Empe∣rours Answer.
• * 1.51

  The Wirtem∣berg Ambassa∣dours desires to Count Montfort.
• * 1.52

  The Ambassa∣dours of Duke Maurice come to the Council.
• * 1.53

  And declare their Instru∣ctions.
• * 1.54

  The diligence of the Prote∣stant Ambas∣sadors in the Council.
• * 1.55

  The Protector of England beheaded.
• * 1.56

  The Discourse of the Empe∣rour's Ambas∣sadors, with those of Duke Maurice.
• * 1.57

  A draught of the safe Con∣duct given to the Ambassa∣dors of Duke Maurice.
• * 1.58

  The safe Con∣duct of Basil perverted and altered.
• * 1.59

  The form of the safe Con∣duct of Basil.
• * 1.60

  Upon exami∣nation of the Council's safe Conduct, a new form of one is drawn up, according to the Decree of Basil.
• * 1.61

  The Speech of the Wirtem∣berg Ambassa∣dors to the Fa∣thers at Trent, and the Exhi∣bition of the Confession of Doctrine.
• * 1.62

  The Confessi∣on of Wirtem∣berg, given in to the Fathers.
• * 1.63

  The Ambassa∣dours of Sax∣ony sent for by the Fathers.
• * 1.64

  The Confession of Faith writ∣ten by Me∣lanchton, is not produced.
• * 1.65

  Another Ses∣sion of the Council.
• * 1.66

  The safe Con∣duct is deli∣vered without any alteration.
• * 1.67

  Poictiere's Dis∣course as to the Ambassa∣dours De∣mands.
• * 1.68

  The Answer made to the Demands of the Ambassa∣dours.
• * 1.69

  The Ambassa∣dours of Wir∣temberg de∣part from the Council.
• * 1.70

  The Divines of Saxony come to Norimberg on their way to the Council.
• * 1.71

  The bitter Re∣flection of Ambrose Pe∣larg upon the Protestants.
• * 1.72

  The Ambassa∣dour of Duke Maurice his Complaint of the sawciness of Pelarg.
• * 1.73

  Pelarg Justi∣fies himself before the Cardinal of Trent.
• * 1.74

  Duke Mau∣rice's Letters to his Ambas∣sadours.
• * 1.75

  The Elector of Treves re∣turns home.
• * 1.76

  A Rumour of a War with the Emperour.
• * 1.77

  Indulgences published by the Popes Legate.
• * 1.78

  The Electors of Mentz and Cologne return home.
• * 1.79

  New Ambas∣sadours from Wirtemberg to the Coun∣cil.
• * 1.80

  Duke Mau∣rice's Ambas∣sadours de∣part secretly from Trent.
• * 1.81

  Divines of Wirtemberg and Strasburg come to Trent.
• * 1.82

  The Confessi∣on of the Duke of Wirtem∣berg.
• * 1.83

  The Protesta∣tion of the Ambassadours of Wirtem∣berg.
• * 1.84

  The Deputy of Strasburg's Discourse with the Ambas∣sadour Pocti∣eres.
• * 1.85

  The Deputy of Strasburg, being upon his return home, is stopt.
• * 1.86

  Divisions a∣mongst the Fathers of the Council.
• * 1.87

  The French King nego∣tiates a Peace with the Pope.
• * 1.88

  The Demands of the Prote∣stant Divines to the Council.
• * 1.89

  Duke Mau∣rice takes Ausburg upon surrender.
• * 1.90

  The Ambas∣sadour Poicti∣eres Confe∣rence with those of Wir∣temberg and Strasburg.
• * 1.91

  The flight of the Fathers at Trent.
• * 1.92

  The Writing of the Wir∣temberg Am∣bassadours given to the Imperialists.
• * 1.93

  The different Opinions and Intentions of the Fathers of the Council.
• * 1.94

  The last Ses∣sion of the Council of Trent, at this time.
• * 1.95

  Peace betwixt France and the Pope.
• * 1.96

  The death of the Popes Le∣gate.
• * 1.97

  The number of Bishops and Divines in the Council of Trent.
• * 1.98

  The cause of the Sickness of the Popes Le∣gate.