Anglorum speculum, or The worthies of England, in church and state Alphabetically digested into the several shires and counties therein contained; wherein are illustrated the lives and characters of the most eminent persons since the conquest to this present age. Also an account of the commodities and trade of each respective county, and the most flourishing cities and towns therein.

Buckinghamshire.

BƲckinghamshire is 44 Miles in length, from North to South, in breadth 15 Miles. Fruitful, espe∣cially in the Vale of Alesbury, the County is named from the chief Town, both from Buccen a Saxon word signifying Beeches, here abounding. The best and biggest Sheep are in the Vale aforesaid, and at Wi∣combe there is kept abundance of Tame Pheasants. As for Manufactures, this County liveth more by its Lands then Hands.

Proverbs.

I. Buckinghamshire Bread and Beef. The first Fine, the latter Fat. II. Here if you beat a Bush, 'tis odds youl'd start a Thief. In former times Trees and Bu∣shes abounding yielded the Rogues Shelter.

Saints.

St. Edburg Daughter to Redwald, King of the E. Angles, embraced a Monastical life at Alesbury, where her Body being buried was afterwards removed to Edburgton (now Edburton) in Suff. her Native County.

St. Rumald, Rumbald or Grumbald. The Name's enough, in allusion to these Variations of his Name, let me tell ye, 'tis said, that assoon as Born he cryed out three times I am a Christi∣an.

Martyrs.

Jo. Scrivener, Martyred at Amersham, An. Dom. 1521. His own Children were forced to set the first Fire upon him. For which was pretended the Law Deut. 13.6. Thine Hand shall be first upon him.

Prelates.

Rich. Wendover, Rector of Bromley in Kent, where the Bishop of Rochester hath a Palace, which See being Vacant, he was chosen Bishop thereof; but Edmund Arch-bishop of Cant. refused to give him Consecration, because he was Unlearned. Wendover appealed to the Pope, and procured Consecration by his Authority, and supplyed by Publick good∣ness what he wanted in Literature, wherefore, af∣ter his Death, he was by express Mandat of H. 3. Buried in the Church of Westminster as another Je∣hoiadah.

Jo. Buckingham bred at Oxford. A great Dispu∣tant and good Scholar, as his Works do declare, Preferred Bishop of Lincoln, but after removed by the Pope to Litchfield, a place of less credit. Buck∣ingham being for the best or none, resigned An. 1397. and dyed a private Monk at Cant. where he lies buri∣ed in Christ-Church. He indented with the Prior and Convent at Canterbury to build him a Chantry-Chappel near his Sepulcher, which I find not performed.

Jo. Young born at Newton-longvile, and bred at

New-Coll. in Oxf. where, in the Register, there are 10 Youngs reckoned Fellows of that Foundation, of which one said, that seeing the Colledge was always New, well may many Fellows be Young therein. This John became Warden thereof, and afterwards was made Bishop of the fair City Callipolis in Greece, by vertue of which Titular Dig∣nity he had a Vote in General Councils. He was made Master of the Rolls An. 1. H. 8. and dyed or resign∣ed his Place eight Years after. He lies buried in New-Coll-Chappel.

Jo. Holyman born in Codington, bred in New-Coll. Oxf. Afterwards Benedictine in Reading was by 1. Queen Mary made Bishop of Bristol upon the Depri∣vation of Paul Bush. He lived peaceably and dyed seasonably before the end of Queen Maries Reign. 1558.

Since the Reformation.

Jo. Harley born in the Parish of Newport-Paganel, bred Fellow, then School-Master in Magd. Coll. Oxf. in the days of H. 8. A hearty (because concealed) Protestant. For in the first week of the Reign of Edw. 6. he Publickly Preached Anti-papal Doctrine, whereupon the Vice-Chancellour hurried him up to Lond. for an Heretick, there to Answer for his con∣tempt. But the case was altered, and Harley preferred to be Tutor to the Sons of John E. of Warwick, and thence he was made Bishop of Hereford. He dyed about the 50th. year of his Age, before the then fu∣ture troubles, An. Dom. 1554. Of whom a Scho∣lar of his

Flos Domui Harlaeus, Socius Ludique Magister, Celsus deinde Throno, celsior inde Polo.

Rob. Aldrich born at Burnham, and bred in Kings Coll. in Camb. and Proctor there, An. 1525. Eras∣mus stileth him Blandae eloquentiae juvenem. He was afterward School-Master, then Fellow and Provoster of Eaton, and at last Bishop of Carlile, An. 1537. by King H. 8. He was never a through paced▪ Papist, (much less a Persecuter of Protestants) tho a com∣plyer with some superstitions. He dyed at Horn-Ca∣stle in Lincolnshire An. 1555.

Will. Alley born at Wickham, bred first at Eaton then in Kings Coll. where he was admitted An. Dom. 1528 Being first Batchelor of Arts he became Lectu∣rer in St. Pauls, whose Lectures are extant in Print. He was consecrated Bishop of Exeter July 14. 1560. and dying 1576 lyeth buried under a fair Marble in his own Cathedral.

Rich. Cox. born at Whaddon, and bred for some years in Kings Coll. in Camb. when Card. Woolsey had erected Christ-Church in Oxf. he removed hither the most hopeful Plants of Cambridge, and this Rich. Cox. amongst the rest. He became afterwards School-master of Eaton, where he had Haddon for his Scho∣lar. Hence he was sent to be instructor to Prince Edw. At last, he was preferred Bishop of Ely 1559. continuing 21 years he dyed An. Dom. 1580.

Th. Bickley born at Stow, bred first Chorister, then Scholar, then Fellow in Magd. Coll. Oxf. He brake the consecrated Host with his hands, and stamp'd it under his feet in the Colledge-Chappel. Afterwards he fled over into France, and there lived all the Reign of Queen Mary. Returning into England, he be∣came Chaplain to Arch-bishop Parker, who preferred him Warden of Merton-Coll. wherein he continued 20 years. When he was above 80 years of Age he was made Bishop of Colchester and lived 11 years in that See. He dyed 1596. He led a single life and

left an 100 Pounds to Merton-Coll. and other Mo∣nies to Pious uses.

Jo. King born at Warnhall, Rob. King the last Ab∣bot of Osney and first Bishop of Oxford being his great Uncle, was Dean of Christ-Church, then Bishop of London being full fraught with all Episcopal Quali∣ties. He dyed An. Dom. 1618. being buried in the Quire of St. Pauls, with this Epitaph, RESƲR∣GAM. His Faith standing over him for an Hearse, as is expressed in an Elegy made upon him.

Rich Montague born at Dorney, bred at Eaton, thence successively, he was chosen Fell. of Kings Coll. in Camb. of Eaton, Parson of Standford Rivers in Essex, Ca∣non of Windsor, Parson of Petworth, elected Bishop of Chichester, and at last of Norwich. He spent much on Reparations. He was exact in Latin and Greek, and in Vindication of Tithes wrestled with the great Antiquary of England. Of Books, he wrote a Trea∣tise called Appello Caesarem, which (without his intent) occasioned much trouble in this Land; and began an Ecclesiastical History, and set forth an Apparatus, which (if finished) might be put in the Ballance with Baronius his Church Annals; they would have swayed with them for Learning and weighed them down for Truth.

Hen. King. D. D. Son to the forementioned Jo. King Bishop of Lond. and his Wife (of the ancient Family of the Conquests) born where his Father was, And as was the Father, so was the Son Pious and pros∣perous, till the Calamities of the time involved him. In order to the cure of the seeming Consumption of Episcopacy (An. 41.) Men of unblamable Life and Eminent Learning were Elected Bishops, amongst whom King Ch. advanced this our Doctor, Bishop of Chichester, yet was not the Mouth of Malice stopp'd, which having a Damnable Appetite was ready to swal∣low

them down at a Morsel. Since, God hath re∣warded his Patience, giving him to live to see the Restitution of his Order. In his Youth he delight∣ed in Musick and Poetry, when elder he applyed him∣self to Oratory and Philosophy, and in his reduced Age fixed on Divinity, and his Printed Sermons on the Lords Prayer, &c. will report him a Man that brought forth his Fruit in due Season.

Writers on the Law.

Sir Geo. Crook, Knight, Son to Sir Jo. and Eliz. Ʋmp∣ton his Wife, was born at Chilton An. 2. Eliz. bred first in Oxford, then a double Reader in the Inner Temple, and the Kings Serjeant, Justice of the Com. Pleas 22. Jac. then Chief Justice of England. 4. Car. His Ability is sufficiently attested by his Reports. His judgment was against Ship-money. The Coun∣try-man said That Ship-money may be gotten by Hook but not by Crook. His Piety is evidenced by his Cha∣rity, building a Chappel at Beachley in Buck. and a Hospital in the same Parish with a liberal Revenue. When old, he sued out a Writ of Ease, and after∣ward dyed at Waterstock in Oxford-shire. 82. Aet. An. Dom. 1641.

Edw. Bultstrode, Esquire; bred in the Study of the Municipal Laws, in the Inner Temple and Justice in North-wales hath written a Book of Reports of Judg∣ments given in the Kings Bench, in the Reigns of King Ja. and King Ch. and is lately deceased.

Souldiers.

Sir Will. Windsor, Knight, Ancestor to the right honourable Th. Windsor Hickman Lord Windsor and fixed at Bradenham. He was deputed by E. 3. (in

his 47 year) Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, when in Broyls; the Irish Tyrannizing, and the English dege∣nerating into their Manners. He contracted with the King for 11213 pounds, 6 shillings 8d. a year, to defray the whole charge of that Kingdom, and un∣dertook the Custody of the Land in a defensive War, and used discretion with his Lance, in abating the Irish Feaver. Yet the Scabs of their Boggs and Hair of their Woods, that gave the Natives Shelter af∣forded him no access. He resigned his Office 1. R. 2.

Arth. Gray Bar. of Wilton, (whose Father had his Habitation at Waddon near Buck.) had but a small Estate left him by his Father Will. Lord Gray, who had spent the best part of his Patrimony, to redeem himself being Prisoner in France. Our Arth. intend∣ing to advance his Fortune by his Valour, followed the War under his Father and was present at the Siege of Lieth, 1560, where being shot in the Shoul∣der, he was inspirited with an Antipathy against the Scots. Being Lord Liuetenant of Ireland An. 1580. before he had received the Sword or any Emblems of Command, he unfortunately fought the Rebels at Glandilough to the great loss of English Blood. Yet recovering his Credit he finally suppressed the Re∣bellion of Desmond. Returning into England, the Queen relyed chiefly on his Counsel for ordering our Land-forces against the Spaniards in 88. (a year Cri∣tical for Church-differences, which this Lord would have been glad to have seen decided in favour of the Anti-prelatical party.) He was the only Man defend∣ed Secret. Davison censured in the Starr-Chamb. a∣bout the business of the Queen of Scots; in which de∣fence he shewed both great Courage and Eloquence. And was always ingenuous, accounting Candour an Essential of true Nobility. An. Dom. 1593.

Writers.

Roger de Wendover, Benedictine of St. Albans, and the Kings Historian. It having been a Custom that a Monk of St. Albans should be called to that Service. The Chronicles being finished, were lockt up in the days of the King and his Son. This Rog. began his Chron. at the Conquest, continuing it till the Year 1235. and 19 H. 3. tho it is now Father'd upon Math. Pa∣ris who made some Addition to the same.

Jo. Amersham, Monk in St. Alb. so intimate with Jo. Wheathamsted Abbot thereof, that they two were as One; justifying against Priscian, the saying, Duo Amici Vixit in eodem Conventu. Amersham caressed his Friend, whilst living, and Shielded Wheathamsted,* 1.1 when dead against the Darts of his inveterate Enemies the Monks. He flourished An. Dom. 1450▪

Math Stokes, born in the Town, and bred in the School of Eaton, until he was admitted in∣to Kings Coll. in Camb. An. Dom. 1531. He after∣wards was Fellow there, and at last Esq. Bedle and Register of the Ʋniversity. He collected a Catalogue of the Chancellours, Vice-ch. and Proctors, with great Industry and Fidelity. A Zealous Papist, tho he li∣ved many years in the Reign of Queen Eliz.

Since the Reformation.

Walt. Haddon born of a Knightly Family in this County, bred at Eaton, afterwards Fell. of K. Coll. where he proceeded Doctor of Law, and was the Kings Professor in that Faculty, chosen Vice-Chancellour of Camb. 1550. then President of Magd. Coll. in Oxf. which place he waved in the days of Queen Ma.

and sheltered himself in obscurity. Queen Eliz. made him one of her Masters of Requests, and employed him in several Embassies beyond the Seas. Her Ma∣jesty being demanded whether she preferred him or Buchanan for Learning, returned, Buchananum omni∣bus antepono, Haddonum nemini postpono. Indeed he was a most Eloquent Man and a pure Ciceronian in his Stile, as appears by his Writings. He lies buried in Christ-Church Lond.

Lawrence Humphred bred in Magd. Coll. in Oxf. a General Scholar, able Linguist, deep Divine, pious to God, humble in himself, Charitable to others. In the Reign of Queen Ma. he fled into Germ. where he was Fellow-Commoner with Mr. Jewel (whose Life he wrote) in all his Sufferings. Here he Translated Origen de Rectâ Fide and Philo de Nobilitate out of Greek. Returning into England, in the Reign of Queen Eliz. he was made President of Magd. Coll. in Oxf. and Dean of Winchester. Tho he scrupled some Ceremo∣nies, yet he was much molested in his Colledge with a Party of Fierce Non-Conformists. He dyed Anno Dom. 1589.

Roger Goad born at Houton, admitted Scholar in Kings Coll. in Camb. 1555. Afterwards was School-master in Surrey, but being made rather to Govern Men then Boys, he was thence Elected into the Pro∣vost-ship of Kings Coll. wherein he remained 40 years. He was thrice Vice-Chancellour of Camb. a Grave, Sage and Learned Man. By his Testament he gave the Rectory of Milton to the Colledge, and dying on St. Marks day An. 1610. he lyeth buried in a Vestry on the North-side of the Chappel.

Jo. Gregory born Nov. 10. 1607. at Amersham of Mean and Honest Parents, and bred in Christ-Church in Oxf. where he Studied 16 hours a day for many years together. A general Scholar and Exquisite

Linguist, his Modesty setting the greater Lustre o•• his Learning. His Notes on Doctor Redleys Book of Civil-Law gave the first Testimony of the Pregnan∣cy of his Parts. He was first Chapl. of Christ-Church, then Prebendary of Chichester and Sarum. He dyed 1646. and was buried at Christ-Church in Oxf. His Posthume Works are set out by Jo. Gurgam. dedicated to Edw. Bishop Esquire, who relieved Gregory in his greatest Distress.

Sam. Collins Son to Baldwin (Preacher, Prodigi∣ously Bountiful to the Poor, whom Queen Eliz. cal∣led constantly Father Collins.) born and bred at Eaton. Hence successively chosen Fellow, Provost and Regi∣us Professor of K. Coll. in Camb. Of admirable Wit and Memory, and a most fluent Latinist. Of his Lectures (which he constantly read twice a Week for 40 years together) there were not two, which did not Critically differ. He used all his Friends to decline his Election to the Bishoprick of Bristol, as being in profit inferiour to the place he en∣joyed. In these troublesome times he lost his Church but kept his Choir, wherein he dyed about 1651.

Will. Oughtred, branch'd from a right Ancient Fa∣mily in the North, born and bred in Eaton, becam•• Fell. of K. Coll. and at last Beneficed by Th. Earl Arundel at Albury in Surrey. Prince of Mathematici∣ans in our Age and Nation. This Aged Simeon had a strong Persuasion that he should behold Christs a∣nointed restored to his Throne, which he did to his incredible Joy, and then had his Dimittis out of this mortal life, June 10. 1660.

Romish Exile Writers.

Th. Dorman born at Amersham, Nephew to Th. Dorman, a Confessor in the Reign of H. 8. and Cordi∣al

Protestant, tho through weakness he did abjure the Realm. This Th. junior was bred at Barkhamsted-School (founded by Doctor Incent) in Hartfordshire under Mr. Reeve a Prot. School-master, but this Dorman turn'd tail,* 1.2 and be∣coming a great Romanist fled beyond the Seas, where he wrote Against Alex. Nowel the English Calvanist. He flourished An. 1560.

Memorable Persons.

Jo. Mathew, Mercer, Son to Th. Mathew, was born at Sherington, Lord Mayor of London An. Dom. 1490. the first Batchelor that ever was chosen into that Of∣fice, a singular Example for above 120 years, when Sir Jo. Leman (also Batchelor) enjoyed the same Dig∣nity, 1616.

Dame Hester Temple, Daughter to Miles Sands Esq. was born at Latmos, and Married to Sir Th. Temple of Stow, Baronet. She had four Sons and nine Daugh∣ters, who Married and Multiplyed exceedingly, in∣somuch that she saw 700 Extracted from her Body. Which Off-spring if contracted into one place had been enough to have peopled a City of Competent Proportion.

Noted Sheriffs.

Jo. Croke Ar. afterwards Knighted, [monarch Q. Eliz.] Son of Sir Jo. Croke, one of the six Clerks in Chanc. The Name was assumed by their Ancestors for that of Le Blount, which they concea∣led in the Civil Wars between York and Lanc. As for this Sir John Sher. of Buck. he was fortunate in an Issue, happy in the knowledge of our Municipal-Law. Of whom Sir Jo. Croke his eldest Son, Speaker of

the House of Commons in the Parl. 43. Eliz. re∣ceived this Elogium from her Majesty. That he had proceeded therein with such Wisdom and Discretion that none before him had deserved better.

Rob. Dormer Ar. Jun. 10. 1615. made Baronet by King Ja. and 30 of the same Month, Baron Dormer of Wing in this County. His Grand-child Robert was An. 4. King Ch. I. created Viscount Ascot and Earl of Carnarvan, and lost his Life fighting for him who gave him his Honour, in the first Battle of Newbury. Being a little before his Death desired to make a Suit to the King, he replyed I will not dye with a Suit in my Mouth to any King, save to the King of Heaven. By Anne Daughter to Philip Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, he had Charles now Earl of Canar∣van.

Edw. Bulstrod Ar. Whose Arms are Ancient, viz. S. a Buckhead, Ar. attired O. shot the Nose with an Ar∣row of the 3. headed and featherd of the 2. a Cross pa∣tee fitchee betwixt the attire O.

Hen. Longvile Ar. Had to his 4th. Son Sir Mich. Longvile who Married Susan sole Daughter to H. Earl of Kent. Now when the Issue in a direct line of that Earldom failed in our memory, Mr. Selden proved that the Barony of Ruthyn parcel of the Earldom, ought to descend to the Son of the said Sir Michael, and thereupon he sat as Baron Ruthyn in the late long Parl. His sole Daughter and Heir was Married to Sir Henry Yelverton of Earton in the County of Northampton Ba∣ronet, a worthy Gent. of fair Estate.

Benedict Winchcombe, whose Arms I re∣present in gratitude to the Memory of his Ancestor so well deserving of New∣bury, [monarch K Ja.] viz. Az. on a Chev. engrail'd between 3 Birds O. as many Cinqfoiles of the 1. on a chief of the 2. a fl. de luce between 2. Spears-heads of the 1.

Edward Coke, Knight, the English Tre∣bonianus, [monarch K. Ch.] famous for his Comments on the Common-Law. The Court-party to prevent his Election as a Member of Parliament got him prickt Sheriff, whose Oath he scrupled to take, because (amongst other things) the Sheriff is bound thereby to prosecute the Lollards, wherein the best Christians may be included, but no excuse could serve, so that his Friends must behold him who had been Lord Chief Justice attend on the Judges of the As∣sises.

Francis Cheney, Knight. A noble Ancient Name. There was a Family of the Cheneys flourishing in Kent, giving for their Arms Az. 6. Lyons Ramp. Arg. a Canton Ermin. Of this House was Hen. Cheney High-Sheriff of this County and Bedf. An. 7. Eliz. and not long after, created by her Baron of Tudding∣ton in Bedf. tho in his Youth wild and venturous, witness his playing at Dice with Hen. 2. King of France, from whom he won a Diamond of great worth at a cast, and being demanded what shift he would have made to repair himself, in case he had lost the cast; I have (said the young Cheney in an Hyperbolical Brave) Sheeps-tails enough in Kent, with their Wool, to buy a better Diamond then this. His reduced Age afforded the befitting fruits of Gravity and Wisdom. And this Lord deceased without Issue. As for Sir Fr. Cheney, Sher. he was Father to Charles Cheney, Esquire, who by his Exquisite Travelling hath Naturalized Forreign Perfection to himself, and is Ex∣emplarily happy in a Vertuous Lady, Jane, Daughter to the truly Noble Will. Marquess of New-Castle, and by her of hopeful Posterity.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Shield of Wheath. a Treatise.
• * 1.2

  2.