Anglorum speculum, or The worthies of England, in church and state Alphabetically digested into the several shires and counties therein contained; wherein are illustrated the lives and characters of the most eminent persons since the conquest to this present age. Also an account of the commodities and trade of each respective county, and the most flourishing cities and towns therein.

SURREY.

SƲrrey hath Middlesex on the North, Kent on the East, Sussex on the South, Hant and Bark-shire on the West. It is (very near) a Square of 22 Miles, the Skirts whereof are fruitful, and the inward parts barren, though generally the Air be clear, and the ways clean. Here is the most and best Fullers Earth, digged up near Rygate. It is worth four pence a Bu∣shel at the Pit, and the Transportation thereof is pro∣hibited. The County likewise affords good Trouts and VVall-nuts, and the best Box growing about Dark∣ing. In this Shire there is the best Gardening for Pro∣fit; King James about the end of his Reign, gave 2000 pounds to Sir Francis Crane, to build a House at Morelack, for setting up a Manufacture of Tapestry, and one Francis Klein a German, was the designer thereof, and united the Italian and Dutch perfections in that Mys••••••y. This Klein afterwards setled in Lon∣don, where he had a gratuity of 100 pounds per An. until the beginning of the late Civil Wars. The chief Buildings are Richmond, built by King Henry 7. and most pleasantly seated on the Thames; Non-such built by King Henry 8. answereth its Name for compleat Architecture, though exceeded by Wimbleton in point of a neat Scituation. This was built by Sir Th. Cecil in 88. Of Medicinal Waters, those at Ebsham, (found out 1618, in a dry season, the Water being first ob∣served in a Horse or Neats-footing) run through some Veins of Alume, and are abstersive and sanative, being outwardly and inwardly taken. The wonder in this County is, that there is a River (termed Mole) at a

place called the Swallow, that sinketh into the Earth, and surgeth again, some two miles off nigh Letherhead, and 'tis said, a Goose was put in, and came out again with Life; if so, there was a wonderful preservation of the Goose! There is also a Vault nigh Rygate, ca∣pable to receive 500 Men, which was anciently the Receptacle of some great person, a proper place it seems, for the exercise of Valour, (if the old saying in arenam descendere be capable of a litteral sense) af∣fording the finest Sand, and having several Rooms therein.

Proverbs.

I. The Vale of Holms-dale, never won, ne never shall. Holms-dale, (partly in this County, and partly in Kent) when in the hands of the Saxon Kings was generally victorious; yet VVilliam the Conqueror having van∣quished Harold, passed through the middle of it, in his way to London.

Princes.

Henry, eldest Son of King Henry 8. and Queen Ka∣tharine Dowager, was born at Richmond, an. 1509. Jan. 1. and lived but about two Months. K. Hen. 8. alleadged his untimely death, with that of another Son by the same Queen, as a punishment, for begetting them on the Body of his Brothers Wife. This Prince was buried in VVestminster.

Henry of Oatlands, 4th, and youngest Son of King Charles I. and Queen Mary was born at Oatlands, 1640. He was commonly called Duke of Glocester, though not solemnly Created. In the year 1654, almost as soon as his two Elder Brethren had removed themselves into Flanders, he found a strong practice in some of the

Queens Court, to seduce him to the Court of Rome, whose temptations he resisted beyond his years, and thereupon was sent by them into Flanders. He had a great Appetite to Learning, and a quick Digestion, a∣ble to take as much as his Tutors could teach him. He fluently could speak many, understood more Modern Tongues. He was able to express himself in matters of importance presently, properly, solidly, to the Ad∣miration of such who trebled his Age Judicious his Curiosity to enquire into Navigation, and other Mathe∣matical Mysteries. His Courtesie set a lustre on all, and commanded mens Affections to love him. He dy∣ed at VVhitehall, Sept. 13. 1660. and was buried in the Chappel of King Henry 7.

Confessors.

Eleanor Cobham, Daughter to the Lord Cobham of Sterborough Castle in this County, was afterwards Mar∣ried to Humphrey Plantag. Duke of Glocester. She was persecuted for being a VVicklevite, and for other hai∣nous crimes, under Hen. 6. an. 14.

Prelates.

Nich. of Fernham, (or de Fileceta) was born at Fernham, and bred a Physician in Oxford. After he had travelled, he became Physician to King Henry 3. by whom he was made Bishop of Chester, afterwards of Durham. Having written many Books, he dyed 1257.

VValt. de Merton, was thrice Chancellor under K. Hen. 3. and Bishop of Rochester. He founded Mer∣ton-Colledge in Oxford, and dyed 1277.

Th. Cranley, born (probably) at Cranley, was the first Warden of New-Colledge in Oxford, thence pre∣ferred

Arch-Bishop of Dublin in Ireland, where he was made Chancellor by King Henry 4. and Chief Ju∣stice thereof by King Henry 5. He wrote a terse Po∣em to the King, of the Rebellious humour of the Irish. He was a great Scholar, Divine, and an excellent Preacher; Tho. of Marleborough thus (blasphemously) bespeaks him, Thou art fairer then the Children of Men, full of Grace are thy Lips. He dyed at Faringdon, and lyeth buried in New-Colledge Chappel.

Nich. West, born at Putney, and bred in Cambridge, was in his youth a Rakel in grain, for something cros∣sing him in the Kings-Colledge, he in revenge, secret∣ly set the Masters Lodgings on fire; but naughty Boys sometimes make good Men. He reformed himself, and in process of time was transformed into a great Scho∣lar and Statesman, being preferred Bishop of Ely, and employed in many Forreign Embassies. He rebuilt the Masters Lodgings (part of which he had burnt) firm and fair from the ground. He lived in great State, and kept a bountiful house, dying 1533.

Since the Reformation.

Jo. Parkhurst, born at Gilford, and bred in Oxford, was Tutor, yea Mecenas to Jo. Jewel: He was Bene∣ficed at Clere in Glocester-shire. He laid himself out in the Works of Charity and Hospitality. He used to examine the pockets of such Oxford Scholars as repair∣ed to him, and alwayes recruited them with necessa∣ries. Yet after the death of King Edward 6. he had not a house to hide himself in, flying beyond the Seas (in the Reign of Queen Mary) and being robbed be∣fore his return of that little he had, by some Searchers appointed for that purpose. Being returned into Eng∣land, he was by Queen Elizabeth made Bishop of Norwich, 1560. His Epigrams declare his excellency in Poetry. He dyed 1574.

Tho. Ravis, born at Maulden, of worthy Parentage, was Dean of Christs Church in Oxford, of which Uni∣versity he was twice Vice-Chancellour. He was made Bishop of Glocester, whence he was removed to Lon∣don, where he dyed 1609. and lyeth buried in his Cathedral.

Rob. Abbot, D. D. born at Guilford, principal of Bal. Colledge, and Kings Professor of Divinity in Ox∣ford, was a man whom every liberal Employment did beseem. He routed the Reasons of Bishop, the Ro∣mish Champion, that he never could rally them again. His preferment to the Bishoprick of Salisbury was late, and his continuance therein but short, being hard∣ly warm in his See, before cold in his Coffin. He was one of 5 Bishops whom Salisbury saw in 6 years; yet whilst-Bishop, he saw his Brother George at the same time Arch-Bishop of Canterbury. The delay of his Advancement is imputed to his Humility, to his Foes (who traduced him for a Puritan) and to his Friends, who were loath to adorn the Church with the spoil of the University, and marr a Professor to make a Bi∣shop.

George Abbot born at Guilford, (one of that happy Ternion of Brothers, whereof two eminent Prelates, the third Lord Mayor of London) was bred in Oxford. A pious Man, and excellent Preacher, as his Lectures on Jonah do declare. He was mounted from a Lectu∣rer to a Dignitary, and was never incumbent on any Living with Cure of Souls, nor acquainted with the trou∣ble of taking Tithes; which is assigned by some as the cause of his severity to Ministers when brought before him. Being Chaplain to the Earl of Dunbar, then Omni-prevalent with King James, he was unex∣pectedly preferred Arch-Bishop of Canterbury. Two things are charged on his Memory, first, that he re∣spected his Secretary above his Chaplains, secondly,

that he connived at the spreading of Non-Conformity. He was much humbled with a casual homicide of a Keeper of the Lord Zouch's in Bramzel-Park, though he was soon after solemnly acquitted from any irregula∣rity therein. In the Reign of King Charles I. he was Sequestred, say some, on the old account of that Ho∣micide, though others say, for refusing to Licence a Sermon of Dr. Sibthorps. Probably his former ob∣noxiousness for that casualty was renewed on the occa∣sion of such refusal. He dyed 1633, having Erected a large Hospital with liberal maintenance at Guilford.

Rich. Corbet, D. D. born at Ewel, became Dean of Christs Church, then Bishop of Oxford; an high Wit, and most excellent Poet, and of a courteous Car∣riage. He was afterwards advanced Bishop of Nor∣wich, where he dyed 1635.

Statesmen.

Tho. Cromwel, born at Putney: Of whom at large in my Church Hist.

William Howard, Son to Thomas Duke of Howard, was by Queen Mary created Baron of Effingham, and made Lord Admiral of England. He was one of the first Favourers and Furtherers of the discovery of Rus∣sia. He died 154.. Whose Son

Ch. Howard succeeded his Father in the Admiralty, an hearty Gentleman, and cordial to his Soveraign, of a most proper person, one reason why Q. Elizabeth reflected so much upon him. The first Evidence he gave of his Prowess was, when the Emperours Sister the Spouse of Spain, with a Fleet of 130 Sails, passed the narrow Seas, his Lordship accompanied with 10 Ships only environed their Fleet, and enforced them to stoop gallant, and strike Sail. In 88. at the first News of the Spaniards approach, he towed at a Cable with

his own hands, to draw out the Harbour bound Ships into the Sea. He was Commander of the Sea Forces, at the taking of Cadiz, and for his good Service there, he was made Earl of Nottingham. Having been a Guest at the Consecration of Matthew Parker at Lam∣beth, many years after, he confuted those Lies which the Papists tell of the Nags Head in Cheapside. He resigned his Admiralty in the Reign of King James to the Duke of Buckingham, and dyed about the end of that Kings Reign.

Seamen.

Sir Robert Dudley, Son to Robert Earl of Leicester, was born at Shene, became a most compleat Gentle∣man, and endeavoured in the Reign of King James, to prove his legitimacy (his Mother being Douglas She∣feld) and meeting with much opposition from the Court, in distaste left the Land, and went over into Italy, where he became a Favourite to the Duke of Florence, who used his directions in all his Buildings. Legorn was much beholding to him for its fairness and firmness, as chief Contriver of both. Upon his refusal to come home into England, all his Lands there were siezed on by the King. These his losses doubled the Dukes love to him, as being a much meriting Person, an excellent Mathematician, Physician and Navigator. In Queen Elizabeths dayes he had sail'd with three small Ships to the Isle of Trinidad, in which Voyage he sunk and took nine Spanish Ships, whereof one an Armada of 600 Tun. Ferd. 2. Emperour of Germany, confer∣red on him and his Heirs the Title of a Duke of the Sacred Empire.

Writers.

Nich. Ockham, a Franciscan in Oxford, where he was the 18th. publick Lecturer of his Convent, flou∣rished 1320.

W. Ockham, born in Ockham, was bred under J. Scotus, whose Principles he afterwards disproved, head∣ing the Nominals against the Reals, followers of Scotus. This Will. undertook Pope Jo. 23. and gave a Mortal wound to his Temporal Power over Princes. The Court of Lewis of Bavaria, the Emperour being then the Sanctuary of this Will; yet he was Excommunicated by the Pope, and condemned for an Heretick by the Masters of Paris, who burnt his Books, which were much esteemed by Luther; yet the Pope taking Wit in his Anger, Will. was afterwards restored to his State, and the Reputation of an acute Schoolman, his Epitaph reflects on his Spirit of Contradiction;

Sed jam mortuus est ut apparet Quod si viveret, id negaret.

But now he's dead as plainly doth appear, Yet would deny it, were he living here.

He flourished under K. Edw. 3. and dying 1330, was buried at Monchen in Bavaria.

Jo. Holbrook, a profound Philosopher and Mathema∣tician, was much esteemed of the English Nobility. He is conjectured to have flourished in the 14th. Cen∣tury.

George Ripley, see York-shire.

Since the Reformation.

H. Hammond, D. D. born at Chertsey, was Fellow of Magdalen-Colledge in Oxford, till preferred Canon of Christs Church, and Orator of the University. He may be called an Angelical Doctor, for his Countenance, Sanctity, Meekness, Charity, (this demonstrated by his keeping many a poor Royalist from famishing, be∣stowing yearly (as was believed) 200 pounds for their relief,) and his Knowledge, being general in Antiqui∣ty, Controversie, &c. His excellent Controversial Treatises, Comments, and Practical Catechism, do a∣bundantly declare the accomplishments of his Mind, and the stability of his great Soul. He dyed of the Stone, at West wood in Worcestershire. By his Will he impowred Dr. Humphrey Henchman (since Bishop of Sarum) his sole Executor, to expend, according to his discretion, in relief of poor people, not exceeding 200 pounds.

Romish Exile Writers.

Nich. Sanders, born at Charlewood in this County (where his Family still continueth Worshipful) was bred Batchelour of the Laws in New-Colledge. Going to Rome, he was there made D. D. and Kings Profes∣sor thereof at Lovain. He was Learned and Malici∣ous, and presumed to write Passages without Truth, because on a subject beyond Memory. His Libellous Treatise has been sufficiently answered by that Learned Baronet, Sir Roger Twisden, a great Champion in a good Cause, in the defence of which, and in the con∣founding of malicious falshoods, he was protected by the Kings ancient Prerogative, justified by the Laws of the Land, and directed by the plainest Rules of right

Reason. It is observable that Sanders, who surfeited with Falshoods, was famished for lack of food in Ire∣land, 1520.

Benefactors to the Publick.

Henry Smith Esq born at VVandsworth, was Alder∣man of London; He gave 6000 pounds to buy Lands for a perpetuity, for the relief and setting of the poor to work, in Croidon, Kingston, Guilford, Darking, Fernham, Rigate, 1000 pounds for each place. Be∣sides many other liberal Legacies bequeathed to pious uses. He dyed Jan. 13. 1627. 79 Aet. and lyeth buried in the Chancel of VVandsworth.

Memorable Persons.

Elizabeth VVeston, a Virgin of gentile Extraction, was a great Scholar, flourishing about 1600, of whom Janus Dousa,

Angla vel Angelica es, vel prorsus es Angelus; immo, Si Sexus vetat hoc, Angelus est Animus.

Joseph Scaliger praiseth her no less in Prose. There is an Ancient and Worshipful Family of her Name flou∣rishing at Sutton in this County. The Birth and Qua∣lity of this Virgin, had she lived in the dayes of King James, and been presented to him as another Maid was, would have left no room for that Kings inquisitiveness, in asking if she could spin, as he did in the case of the other, who could Speak and Write pure Latine, Greek and Hebrew.

Noted Sheriffs.

Edw. 3. An. 1. Andrew Sackvil; The Family of the Sackvils is as ancient as any in England, taking their Name from Sackvil, a Town of their Possession in Normandy. Before this time Sir Robert Sackvil, Knight, younger Son of Herbran, was fixed in Eng∣land, and gave the Mannor of Wickham in Suffolk, to the Abbey of St. John de Bap. in Colchester, about the Reign of Will. Rufus. Sir Jo. his Son, was one of the Assistance to 25 Peers, appointed to see the Liberties of Magna Charta performed; whose Son Richard was a principal Baron, (of whose house Hubert de Avesty held some Lands) whose Granchild Sir. Jordan was ta∣ken Prisoner at the Battle of Emesham, in the Reign of Henry 3. for siding with the Barons against him, whose Son Andrew (the Kings Ward) was imprisoned in Do∣ver, an. 3. Edw. 1. and afterwards, by the Kings command Married Ermyntide, a Lady of the Houshold of Queen Eleanor, whereby he regained a great part of his Inheritance, which had been formerly forfeited; whose Son Andrew (first above mentioned) was Ance∣stor to the truly Honourable Rich. now E. of Dorset.

Note Surrey and Sussex generally had distinct Sheriffs until the Reign of Edw. 2. when they were united; then again divided an. 9, Eliz. united an. 13. divided agin an. 12. K. Charles I.

Rich 2. An. 19. Jo. Ashburnham, was Ancester to Sir Jo. who Married Elizabeth, Daughter of Sir Tho. Beaumont (afterwards Created Viscountess Cramond in Scotland) and had by her 2 Sons, John of the Bed Cham∣ber to K. Charles I. and II. and William Cofferer to his Majesty, who will build their Name a story higher to Posterity. And note this Family is of stupendious An∣tiquity, the chief whereof was Sheriffs of Sussex and

Surrey 1066; when VV. Duke of Normandy invaded England, to whom K. Harauld wrote to assemble Pos∣se ••omitatuum to make resistance against that Duke. And the eminency hath equalled the Antiquity thereof, having been Barons of England, in the Reign of King Henry 3.

Hen. 6. An. 29. Jo. Lewkenor, (afterwards Knight) (with 3000 others) were slain in the Battle of Teuksbury, valiantly fighting under P. Edward, Son to K. Hen. 6.

Hen. 7. An. 12. Math. Brown, Arm. was Ancestor (though not in the direct Line) to Sir Anthony Standard-bearer of England, second Husband of Lucy, fourth Daughter to Jo. Nevel Marquess Montacute, and Grand-father to Sir Anthony, (whom Q. Mary created Visc. Montacute, and whom Q. Eliz. much esteemed) di∣rect Ancestor to the right Honourable the present Visc. Montacute, who has a place, and Vote in Parliament, by an express clause in his Patent, but otherwise no par∣ticular Title of a Baron.

Hen. 8. An. 10. Nich. Carew, Mil. a jolly Gen∣tleman, was made Knight of the Garter by, and Ma∣ster of the Horse to Hen. 8. He built the fair house at Beddington in this County, which by the advantage of the water is a Paradise of Pleasure. 'Tis said K. Hen. 8. being then at Bowls, gave this Knight opprobrious Language, betwixt jest and earnest, to whom the o∣ther returned a stout Answer, that was inconsistent with his Allegiance, which cost him his Life. The last of this Sirname adopted a Throgmorton, on condition to assume the Name and Arms of Carew. From him is Li∣neally descended Sir Nich. Carew Knight, who I confi∣dently hope, will continue and encrease the Honour of his ancient Family.

Edw. 6. An. 1. Tho. Carden, Mil. was 5 years be∣fore Endited for Heresie, but K. Henry preserved him with some others of his Privy Chamber, being in the same circumstances.

Q. Eliz. An. 20. George Goring; whose names sake Sir George Goring, was by Charles I. created Ba∣ron of Hurst Per-point in Sussex, and afterwards Earl of Norwich. He was the only instance of a Person of Ho∣nour, who found Pardon for his Loyalty to his Sove∣reign: Afterwards going beyond the Seas, he was hap∣pily instrumental in advancing the Peace betwixt Spain and Holland, and since the Restauration of K. Charles II. he was made Captain of his Majesties Guard.

Note that about 140 years ago, one Mr. Clark hear∣ing that the Market-house of Farnham in this County, (begun by him) was not generally approved of, but li∣ked by some, and disliked by others, who found fault with the Model thereof, and discouraged the Workmen, caused this Distich to be writ in that House;

You who do like me, give Money to end me, You who dislike me give Money to mend me.

I wish the Advice may be practised all overt his Coun∣ty.