Pansebeia, or, A view of all religions in the world with the severall church-governments from the creation, to these times : also, a discovery of all known heresies in all ages and places, and choice observations and reflections throughout the whole / by Alexander Ross.

The Religions of Asia.

The Contents of the first Section.

OF the Church-Disciplin, Sacrifices, Ordina∣tion, Publick place, [Buildings first erected for Divine Service,] and days of Divine Service before Moses. 2. Of the Church Government un∣der Moses; difference of the High Priest from other Priests. 3. Of the Church Government from him till Solonion. 4. Of the Government after. Solomon, till the division of the Tribes. 5. Of Solomons Temple, and the outward splendor of the Iewes Religion. 6. Of the office of the Le∣vites, of the Prophets, Scribes, Pharises, Nazarites, Rechabites, Essenes, Sadduces, and Samri∣tans. 7. Of the ancient observation of their Sab∣bath, of the observation of their Passover, of the feasts of Pentecost, Tabernacles, new Moons, of Trumpets, and of expiation; of their Sabbatical year, and their Iubilee. 8. Of their ancient Ex∣communications, how God instructed them of old, and of the maintenance allowed by the Iewes to their Priests and Levites. 9. Of the Government after the Jewes were carried captive into Baby∣lon. 10. Of the Iewish Church-Government at this day, their Prayers, Sabbaths, Feasts, Book of the Law, Passover, what observable thereupon, and whether to be permitted (among Christians) in the exercise of their own Religion, and wherein

not to be communicated with by Christians. 11. Of the Iewish preparation for morning prayer▪ Fast in August, Beginning of their new year, Feast of Reconciliation, Ceremonies in reading of the Law. 12. Their Church officers, Feast of Dedicati∣on, and of Purim, Fasts, Marriages, Divorce∣ments, Circumcision, Redemption of the first born, their duty toward the sick, and Ceremonies about the dead.

The Contents of the second Section.

THe Religions of the ancient Babylonians; of the making, worshipping of images, & brin∣ging in Idolatry. 2. Of Hierapolis, and gods of the Syrians. 3. Of the Phoenicians. 4. Of the old Ara∣bians. 5. Of the ancient Persians. 6. Of the Scythians. 7. Of the Tartars, or Cathaians and Pagans. 8. The Religions of the Northern Countries neer the Pole. Three ways whereby Sa∣tan deludes men by false Miracles. The fear of his Stratagems whence it proceeds: His illusions many, our duty thereupon. 9. Of the Chinois. 10. Of the ancient Indians. 11. Of Siam. 12. Of Pe∣gu. 13. Of Bengala. 14. Of Magor. 15. Of Cambaia. 16. Of Goa. 17. Of Malabar. Pa∣gan Idolaters believe the immortality of the soul. 18. Of Narsinga, and Bisnagar. 19. Of Japan. 20. Of the Philippina Islands. 21. Of Sumatra, and Zeilan. 22. Of the ancient Egyptians. 23. Of the modern Egyptian Religion.

The Religions of Africa and America.

The Contents of the third Section.

OF the old African Religion. 2. The Religi∣on and Church Discipline of Fez. 3. Of Morocco. 4. Of Guinea. 5. Of the ancient Afri∣can Aethiopians. 6. Of the modern Abissins. 7. Of the Lower Aethiopians. 8. Of Angola and Congo. 9. Of the northern neighbours of Con∣go. 10. Of the African Islands. 11. The Reli∣gion of America. 12. Of Virginia. 13. of Flo∣rida. 14. Of the Religions by west Virginia, and Florida. 15. Of New Spain and Mexico. 16. Idolaters, their cruelty and cost in their barba∣rous sacrifices. 17. Of the Americans, their su∣perstitious fear, and Tyranny thereof. 18. Of Ju∣catan, and the parts adjoining. 19. Of the sou∣thern Americans. 20. Of Paria and Guiana. 21. Of Brasil. 22. Of Peru. 23. Of Hispaniola.

The Religions of Europe

The Contents of the fourth Section.

THe Religion of the ancient Europae••ns. 2. The Roman chief Festivals. 3. Their gods. 4. Their Priests. 5. Their Sacrifices. 6. Their Mar∣riage

Rites. 7. Their Funeral Ceremonies. 8. The old Grecian Religion. 9. Their chief gods. 10. Of Minerva, Diana, Venus. 11, How Juno, Ce∣res, and Vulcan were worshipped. 12. The Sun worshipped under the names of Apollo, Phoebus, Sol, Jupiter, Liber, Hercules, Mars, Mercuri∣us, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, &c. 13. The Moon worshipped under divers names and shapes. 14. The Earth and Fire, how worshipped and named. 15. The Deity of the Sea, how worshipped. 16. Death, how named and worshiped. 17. The Grecian Sacrifices and Core∣monies. 18. Their Priests and Temples of old.

The Contents of the fifth Section.

THe Religion of the old Germans, Gaules, and Britains. 2. Of the Saxons, Danes, Swedes, Moscovites, Russians, Pomeranians, and their neighbours. 3. Of the Scythians, Ge••es, Thracians, Cymbrains, Goths, Lusitanians, &c. 4. Of the Lithuanians, Polonians, Hun∣garians, Samogetians, and their neighbours. 5. Of divers Gentile gods besides the above named. 6. The ranks and armes of their gods. 7. With what creatures their Charriots were drawn. 8. Of peculiar gods worshipped in peculiar places. 9. The. Greek chief festivals.

The Contents of the sixth Section.

OF the two prevalent Religions now in Eo∣rope. 2. Of Mahomets Law to his Disci∣••les▪

3. Of the Mahumetans opinions at this day. ••. Mahomet, not the Antichrist. 5. Of their Sects and how the Turks and Persians differ. 6. Of ••he Mahumetan religious orders. 7. Of their o∣••her hypocritical orders. 8. Of their secular Priest ••. Of the Mahumetan Devotion, and parts there ••f. 10. Of their Ceremonies in their Pilgrimage to Mecca. 11. The Rites of their Circumcision. 12. Their Rites about the sick and dead. 13. The 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Mahumetanisme, and the causes thereof. 14. Mahumetanisme, of what continuance.

THe Contents of the seventh Section.

The Christian Religion propagated. 2. The decay thereof in the East by Mahumetanism. 3. Persecution and Heresie the two great enemies thereof. 4. Simon Magus, the first heretick, with his. Disciples. 5. Menander, Saturninus, and Basilides, Hereticks. 6. The Nicholaitans and Gnosticks. 7. The Carpocratians. 8. Cerin∣thus, Ebion, and the Nazarites. 9. The Valen∣tinians, Secundians, and Prolemians. 10. The Mar••ites Colarbasii, and Heracleonites. 11. The Ophites, Cainites, and Sethites. 12. The Archonticks, and Ascothyptae. 23. Cerdon and Marcion. 14. Apelles, Severus, and Taci∣anus. 15. The Cataphrygians. 16. Pepuzians, Quintilians, and Artotyrites. 17. The Quar∣tidecimani and Alogiani. •• 18. The Adamians, Elcesians, and Theodocians. 19. The Melchi∣sedicians, Bardesanists, and Noetians. 20. The

Valesians, Catheri, Angelici, and Apostolici 21. The Sabellians, Originians, and Originists. 22 The Samosatenians, and Phorinians. 23 The Manichaean religion. 24. The Hierachites, Melitians, and Arrians. 25. The Audians, Se∣mi-arrians, and Macedonians. 26. The Ae••i∣ans, Aetians, and Apollinarists. 27. The An∣tidicomarianites, Messalians, and Metangis∣monites. 28. The Hermians, Proclianites, and Patricians. 29. The Ascites, Pattalorinchites, Aquarii, and Coluthiani. 30. The Floriani, Aeternales, and Nudipedales. 31. The Donatists. Priscillianists, Rhetorians, and Feri. 32. The Theopaschites, Tritheits, Aquei, Melitonii, Ophei, Tertullii, Liberatores, and Nativita rii. 33. The Luciferians, Jovinianists, and A∣rabicks. 34. The Collyridians, Paterniani, Tertullianists, and Abelonites. 35. The Pe∣lagians, Predestinati, and Timotheans. 36. The Nestorians, Eutychians, and their Spawn.

The Contents of the eighth Section.

OF the opinions in Religion held the seventh Century. 2. The opini••ns of the eighth Centu∣ry. 3. The Tenets of the ninth and tenth Centu∣ries. 4. The opinions of the eleventh and twelfth Centuries. 5. Of the Albigenses and other Sects in the twelfth Century. 6. The Sects of the thirteenth Century. 7. The Sects of the fourteenth Century. 8. Of the Wicklevites. 9. The opinions of the fif∣teenth Century. 10. The opinions of the sixteenth Century, to wit of Luther and others. 11. Of Sects

sprung out of Lutheranisme. 12. Of Protestants 13. Of the other opinions held this Century. 14. The chief heads of Calvins Doctrine. 15. Of o∣ther opinions held this age. 16. Of divers other opinions in this age, and the causes of this varie∣ty, and confusion in the Church.

The Contents of the ninth Section.

THe first original of the Monastical life. 2. The first Eremites, or Anchorites. 3. The man∣ner of their living. 4. Their Excesses in Religion. 5. The preheminence of the Sociable life to the Solitary. 6. The first Monks after Anthony. 7. The rules of Saint Bafil. 8. Saint Hieroms order. 9. Saint Austins order. 10. If Saint Austin instituted his Ermites to begge. 11. Of Saint Austins Leathern Girdle used at this day. 12. The institutions and exercises of the first Monks. 13. Why religious persons cut their hair and beards. 14. Whence came that custome of shaving. 15. Of the Primitive Nuns. 16. Of what account Monks are at this day in the Ro∣man Church. 17. How the Monks and Nuns of old were consecrated. 18. The Benedictine order. 19 Of the orders proceeding from them. 20. Of Saint Bennets rules to his Monks. 21. The Bene∣dictines habit and dyet. 22. Rules prescribed by the Council of Aix to the Monks. 23. The Rites and institutions of the Monks of Cassinum. 24. The manner of electing their Abbots. 25. The Be∣nedictine Nuns and their rule. 26. Of the Laws and Priviledges of Monasteries.

The Contents of the tenth Section.

OF new religions orders sprung out of the Be∣nedictines, and first of the Cluniacenses. 2. Of the Camaldulenses and Monks of the Shadowy Valley. 3. The Sylvestrini, Grandi∣montenses, and Carthusians. 4. The Monks of Saint Anthony of Vienna; the Cistertians, Ber∣nardines, and Humiliati. 5. The Praemonstra∣tenses, and Gilbertines. 6. The Cruciferi, Hos∣pitalarii, Trinitarians, and Bethlemites. 7. The Johannites, or first religious Knights in Christendom, 8. The Templars. 9. The Teutoni∣ci, or Mariani. 10. The Knights of S. Lazarus, Calatrava, and S. James. 11. The orders of Men∣dicant Friers, and first of the Augustinians. 12. Of the Carmelites. 13. Of the Dominicans. 14. Of the Franciscans. 15. Of things chiefly remark∣able in the Franciscan order. 16. Of the Knights of the Holy Sepulchre, and Gladiatores. 17. Of the Knights of S. Mary, of Redemption, of the Montesians, of the order of Vallis Scholarium, and Canons Regular of S. Mark. 18. Of Saint Clara, S. Pauls Eremires, and Boni homines. 19. The servants of S. Mary, Coelestini, and Je∣suati. 20. The order of S. Briget. 21. The order of S. Katharine, and S. Justina. 22. The Ere∣mites of S Hierom, S. Saviour, Albati, Fra∣••ricelli, Turlupini, and Montolivetenses. 23. The Canons of S. George, the Mendicants of S. Hierom, the Canons of Lateran, the order of

the Holy Ghost, of S. Ambrose ad Ne∣mus, and of the Minimi of Iesu-Meria. 24. The orders of Knight-hood, from the year 1400 namely of the Annunciada, of S. Maurice, of the Golden Fleece, of the Moon, of S. Michael, of S. Stephen, of the Holy Spirit, &c.

The Contents of the eleventh Section.

OF religious orders and opinions from the year 1500. til this day. 2. The order of Jesuits. 3. Of their general rules. 4. Of their other rules. 5. Of their rules for Provosts of houses, Rectors of Colled∣ges, &c. 6. Of their rules for Travellers, Mini∣sters, Admonitors, &c. 7. Of their priviled∣ges granted by Popes. 8. Of other orders in the Church of Rome. 9. How Abbots are consecrated at this time. 10. Wherein the Christian orders of Knighthood differ. 11. Of other orders of Knight∣hood besides the French. 12. Of the orders of Knight-hood in Germany, Hungary, Bohemia, Poland, &c. 13. The orders of Knight-hood in Italy. 14. Of the Christian Military orders in the East.

The Contents of the twelfth Section.

THe opinions of the Anabaptists, and where∣in they agree with the old Hereticks. 2. The Tenets of the Brownists. 3. Of the Familists. 4. The Adamites, and Antinomians. 5. The Re∣ligion

of the Socinians. 6. Of the Arminians Tenets. 7. Of the Church of Arnhem, and the Millenaries opinions. 8. Of many other Sects at this day amongst us. 9. The opinions of the Inde∣pendents. 10. The tenets of th•• Presbyterians, where by way of a Catechisme is delivered their whole doctrine concerning the Ministry, Episcopa∣cy, Presbytery, Lay-Eldership, Deacons, Civil Magistrates, the Election of Ministers, Ordinati∣on, power of the Keyes, Excommunication. 11. Di∣vers erroneous opinions which have been lately revived or hatched since the fall of our Church-government, &c.

The Contents of the thirteenth Section.

THe Doctrine of the Church of Rome concerning the Scriptures. 2. Their tenets concerning predestination, the Image of God, original and actual sin, and free will. 3. Their opinions concer∣ning the Law of God, concerning Christ, Faith, Iustification, and good works. 4. Their Tenets concerning pennance, fasting, prayer, and alms. 5. Their opinions concerning the Sacraments, and ceremonies used in those controverted. 6. What they believe concerning the Saints in Hea∣ven. 7. Their Doctrine concerning the Church. 8. What they hold concerning Monks, Magistrates and Purgatory. 9. Wherein the outward wor∣ship of the Church of Rome consisteth, and first part of their Masse. 10. Their dedication of Churches, and what observable thereupon. 11.

Their consecration of Altars, &c. 12. The Degrees of Ecclesiastical persons in the Church of Rome. Their sacred orders, office of the Bi∣shop, and what colours held sacred. 13. Where∣in the other parts of the Masse consisteth. 14. In what else their outward worship doth consist. 15. Wherein consisteth the seventh part of their worship, and of their holy days. 16. What be their other holy dayes which they observe, cano∣nical hours and processions. 17. Wherein the eighth part of their worship consisteth, their Or∣naments and Vtensils used in Churches dedica∣ted to Christ and the Saints, their office perform∣ed to the dead.

The Contents of the fourteenth Section.

OF the Eastern Religions, and first of the Greeks. 2. Of the Church dignities, and discipline in the Greek Church at this day. 3. Of the other Nations professing the Greek Re∣ligion, chiefly the Moscovites, and Armenians. 4. Of the Monks, Nunnes, and Eremites of Mos∣covia. 5. Of the form of service in their Chur∣ches. 6. How they administer the Sacraments. 7. The Doctrine and Ceremonies of the Russian Church at this day. 8. Of their Marriage and Funeral Ceremonies. 9. Of the profession of the Armenians. 10. Of the other Greek Sects, namely the Melchites, Georgians and Mengrelians. 11. Of the Nestorians, Indians, and Jacobites. 12. Of the Maronites Religions. 13. Of the Cophti. 14. Of the Abyssin Christi∣ans. 15. Wherein the Protestants agree with, and dissent from other Christian Churches.

The Contents of the fifteenth Section.

REligion is the ground of all Government, and Greatnesse. 2. By divers reasons it is proved that Religion: of all Common wealths, and humane societies, is the foundation. 3. That Princes and Magistrates ought to have a special care, in setling and preserving of Re∣ligion. 4. That one Religion onely is to be al∣lowed in a Common wealth publickly. 5. In what Respects different Religions may be tole∣rated in private. 6. A Christian Prince may not dissemble his Religion. 7. Why God blesseth the professors of false Religions, and punisheth the contemners thereof. 8. False Religions are grounded upon policy, and what use there is of Ceremonies in Religion: 9. The mixture and division of Religions, and of Idolatry. 10. How the Gentile Religion in worshipping of the Sunne, seems to be most con∣sonant to natural reason; with divers obser∣vations concerning Sun-worship, and the knowledge the Gentiles had of a Deity, and the Vnity thereof, with some glimmering of the Trinity. 11. That the honour, maintenance, and advancement of a Priest-hood, is the maine supporter of Religion. 13, That the Christian Religion is of all others the most excellent, and to be preferred for diver reasons, being considered in it selfe, and compared with others; with an exhortation to the practice of religions duties, which is true Christianity.