The cabinet-council containing the cheif [sic] arts of empire and mysteries of state : discabineted in political and polemical aphorisms grounded on authority, and experience : and illustrated with the choicest examples and historical observations / by the ever-renowned knight, Sir Walter Raleigh ; published by John Milton, Esq.

CHAP. IIII. (Book 4)

Of Monarchies Royal, with the means to maintaine them. (Book 4)

MOnarchies Royal, are for the most part antient and hereditary, and consequently easie to be governed. For it is sufficient for the Prince to maintain the old Laws, ••and on occasion temporize with those accidents that happen•• such a State cannot be taken from the Prince without excessive force; and if it be, it shall be soon recovered. Example, England and France.

But if a Monarchie newly conquered, be annexed unto an old, and not properly an∣tient, then is it with much more difficulty maintained.

First, for that men naturally inclined to variation are easily induced ••o take arms against him that newly governeth.

Secondly, every new Prince is forced to exact aswell upon those Subjects that joy∣ned with him as those that did resist him, and therefore shall offend both. Example, Ireland annexed to the Crown of England: Sicilia and Naples to Spain••.

The means to maintain such a Monarchie; is••

First to extinguish the race of him that was anciently Prince.

Secondly, to continue all Lawes and Customes in the former force; for so shall the Subject find nothing altered but the Prince, and therefore will soon rest conten∣ted: and the rather if that new Monar∣chie and the antient dominion of the Prince be of one Language: But if the people be of a contrary Language and humor, then to hold it, there needeth great industrie and fortune: in that case the best way is that the Prince should inhabit there, as well to incounter all inconveniences proceeding from the Subject, as to preserve the people from oppression of his own Ministers. Ano∣ther way is to send thither certain Colonies, and plant them in fit places, or else to settle some garisons both of horse and foot; but Colonies are less chargeable to the Prince: As for the people inhabitant (who must necessarily remove, they being a small number and dispossessed) they cannot have power to offend: for in that case, this Rule or Maxime shall be found true, that men must be either kindly intreated•• or with all extremity oppressed; because of light in∣juries they may be revenged, but of utter oppre••••ion they cannot.

A Third way to hold a conquered domi∣nion, is, to cherish and defend the neigh∣bors of little power, and oppress or keep un∣der those that are most potent; and above all to take order that no forraign Prince or power doe enter; for it is ever to be looked for, that so many of the nation as are dis∣contented, either for ambition or feare, will be ever readie to bring in strangers; and to conclude this matter of Principalitie annexed, I say it behoveth every Prince possessed of such a State, never to increase the power of any potent neighbor, never to oppress those that are of small power, ne∣ver, to permit any forraign potentate to en∣ter, but ever to plant Colonies and Gari∣sons, or else to make that dominion his cheif habitation.