A sure guide, or, The best and nearest way to physick and chyrurgery that is to say, the arts of healing by medicine and manual operation : being an anatomical description of the whol body of man and its parts : with their respective diseases demonstrated from the fabrick and vse of the said parts : in six books ... at the end of the six books, are added twenty four tables, cut in brass, containing one hundred eighty four figures, with an explanation of them : which are referred to in above a thousand places in the books for the help of young artists / written in Latine by Johannes Riolanus ...; Englished by Nich. Culpeper ... and W.R. ...

THE FIFTH BOOK OF THE ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY OF John Riolanus, THE KINGS PROFESSOR OF PHYSICK. (Book 5)

Chap. 1. Of the Limbs.

HAving gone over and finished the Trunk of the Body, I proceed* 1.1 unto the Limbs, whose Muscles, Veins, Arteries and Nerves with the Diseases of those Parts, I intend to explain, which cannot be done without Anatomical dissection.

But before I proceed to that work: it wil do very wel to contemplate the lex••eral Conformation of the Limbs, and and withal to shew you what Veins are wont to be opened, and in what places Issues may be made.

The Limbs are made up of the Scarf-Skin, the Skin, the fatty Membrane, the* 1.2 Flesh of Muscles, Veins, Arteries, Nerves, Bones, Ligaments, Gristles and Kernels. These Parts I shal so divide in the Limbs, as I did in the Trunk of the bo∣dy viz. Into parts containing and Parts contained.

The Parts containing are the Scarf-Skin, the Skin, the fatty Membrane, and the common Membrane of the Muscles. Al the other Parts are conteined, being com∣prehended by these. Touching the Scarf-Skin and the Skin, I shall repeat nothing,

because they are the same and al a like in al Parts. The Membrana Adiposa or fatty Membrane, is spred out in the Arm as far as the Wrist: and in the Leg, from the Groin unto the Ankles.

After that, follows the common Membrane of the Muscles, which comprehends the Muscles in their natural Scituation. In the Thigh the Fascia Lata supplies its place.

The Medicinal Consideration.

The Universal Diseases of the Skin are divers distempers, simple,* 1.3 or with Humors conjoyned. If the distemper be with Humor it makes the Skin rough or swollen, whence springs the Scab, the Mange, the Morphew, Scurfe, Leprosie, Tetters, Itch, Pustles, Blains, Water-Bladders, Yellow-Blisters, Warts, Scalds, Moles, Biles, Night-Blains, Ring-worms, Lowsie-Evil, Chops, Black and Blewness, Smal Pocks, Meazles, Whores-Pox and Elephantiasis or a Cancerous Tumor, over the whol body.* 1.4

The Flesh is infested with al kinds of Tumors, Inflamations, Carbuncles, Cho∣lerick Tumors, Phlegmatick Tumors, Melancholick Tumors, Cancers, Watry Tumors, Windy Tumors, Impostums of al sorts, Steatoma the Fat impostum, Atheroma the Pap impostum, Meliceris the Hony impostume, an Ulcer, a wound and a Gangrene.

An Athletick or Champion-like constitution of body, high fed, and as we say, lusty and ful of Beefe, is dangerous. Hippocrates shews the Reason in his 1. Book, Aphorisme the 3. and Celsus saies, that when a Man becomes Corpulent, he ought to suspect least he be fatted to the slaughter. And in Hippocrates his A∣phorismes we are told, that fat Men are not so Long-lived as lean Men are, and there are some of cold Constitutions. who have hot Stomachs.* 1.5

Veins and Arteries have Diseases proper to themselves, the Nervs have their peculiar Diseases, and the Joints have theirs. And the bones are subject to fra∣ctures, Dryness, Disjoynting, Rottenness, &c. Which shal be explained when we come to treat of the bones.

Chap. 2: Of the Superior Limbs.

The Limbs both Superior and inferior are divided into three principal Parts: the* 1.6 Arm into a 1.7 Brachium from the Shoulder to the Elbow, b 1.8 Cubitus from the Elbow to the Hand, and the c 1.9 Hand: The Leg into the d 1.10 Thigh the e 1.11 Shank, and the ^f Foot. And forasmuch as the whol Arm hangs upon the f 1.12 Shoulder bone, as the whol Leg upon the h 1.13 Huckle bone, and those bones are not reckoned to appertain unto the Back-bone, the best way is to begin our description of the Limbs from them, viz. Of the Arm from the Shoulder-blad, and of the Leg from the Huckle-bone.

Of the Shoulder-blade and the Arm from the Shoulder to the Elbow.

* 1.14

The Shoulder-blade i 1.15 Joyned to the k 1.16 Arm, makes a Joynt: in the bending of which Joynt beneath, Kernels are placed, which are counted to be the Close stooles of the Chest or Heart, as the Parotides or Kernels behind the Ears, are of the brain, into which those Parts do empty their Excrements. The place of these Kernels is called the Arm-Pit.* 1.17

These Kernels do frequently Swel, Impostumate, are infected with the Kings-Evil, and subject to Buboes, yea such as accompany the Whores-Pox, as in the Groin.* 1.18

This Joynt is liable to be disjointed, but it is more often vexed with the Gout, Rheumatisme, and other Fluxions. The strong smel of the Arm-Holes proceeeds from these Kernels. Upon which Martial has wittily and neatly played in one of his Epigrams.

Laedit te quaedam mala fabula, qua tibi fertur Valle sub alarum trux habitare caper: Hunc metuunt omnes, neque mirum, nam mala valde est Bestia.

That is,

An ill Report your Credit (Sir.) does wound, How that a stinking Goat has dwelling found Within your hollow Arm-Pits shady Grove, A beast which al Men fear, and none do love; And good Cause why &c.

Of the Cubit or part of the Arm from the Elbow to the Hand.

The Articulation of the Brachium with the Cubit, is more hardly disjoynted; admits Fluxions which do there breed divers Tumors hard to cure. In which case,* 1.19 unless diligent care be taken, the very bones are altered and the Cubit is made crooked, and such as are on that manner crook't, are by Hippocrates termed Galliag∣gones.

If such a croockedness be caused by a retraction of the Muscles, it is more easily cured, than if it come from a repletion of the Cavities by a thick, clammy, con∣densed and dryed Humor.

The Articulation of the Cubit to the Wrist is subject to many Diseases, the Gout, the Rheumatisme, the Tumor Ganglium which possesses the tendons of the Muscles; Flegmatick Knobs and other Tumors.

Of the Hand.

The Hand is divided into thec 1.20 Wrist thed 1.21 After-Wrist and thee 1.22 Fingers. To* 1.23 these Parts the Diseases lately named are common. A Disease in number is here usual in Children from the Womb, viz. A Sixt Finger growing to the Thumb o•• little Finger. It is easily taken away, by the Incision Knife.

Of the Nailes

The Fingers are cerminated and closed up by the Nailes, which are liable to* 1.24 divers Diseases, in Figure, in Magnitude, wh••l they grow thick, wrinkled, un∣equ••l, rough, ••ooked as in leprous persons; they are also Cleft; and fal off in the time of Sickness and afterwards breed again. The Color of the Nailes is changed in time of Sickness. Also there is a sore Disease of the Nailes termed a Whi••e-Loafe o•• Felon.

A Whey i••h very sharp Humor is bred under the Naile near the bone, which causes most bitter and intollerable pains, and brings an Inflamation first of the Hand, and after of the Arm also, unless the Humor be let out, by cutting the pappy flesh of the Finger to the very bone.

The Pappy Ends of the F••••gers are aften corrupted, and pu••rifie, and somtimes* 1.25 the last Joynt of a Finger must of necessity be out off, by reason of a sphacelation of the bone.

Paronyc••ia Gr••corum, viz. Opening of the Skin at the corners of the Nailes and Issuing of blood therea••, is a ••leight Disease, which does not affect the tendons and Nerves of the Fingers Ends, as that Panaritium Arabum, a Disease of this Part described by the Arabia•• Physitians.

The Ancient Phylosophers, and Physitians, were wont to Divine, and tel For∣tunes, by the Nails of Mens Fingers: touching which kind of Divination, Camil∣lus Baldus has lately written.* 1.26 * 1.27 * 1.28

Chap. 3. Of the Inferior Limbs.

The Inferior Limbs are commonly divided into three Parts; The Thighs, the* 1.29 Shank, and the Foot. The Os Ilium is joyned to the Thigh, and from thence we are to ••ake measure of the length of the Leg. In the bending of the Os Ilii, and the Thigh, are placed many Kernels, above and beneath; in which divers Buboes arise, both Pestilential, Venereal, and springing from common Causes: of which we have spoken in our Chapter of the Per••••o••eum.

These inferior Limbs are liable to the same Diseases with the superior, which I wil not repeat. Proud Flesh is often bred in the hinder parts by contusion of the Thighs, occasioned by long and hard sitting, or riding. Fernelius does elegantly explain the material Cause hereof.

It is not caused by afflux of Humors, but only by the nourishment of the Part, which being ulcerated within or without, if it be not stopped, it is by continual ac∣cess of Nutriment spread abroad, and swelled, and produces oftentimes as it were certain Pipes of Veins and Arteries, by which it is nourished. So, when the Skin remaining whol, the Flesh underneath is bruised and ••orn, a mighty Swelling does arise by little and little, without any pain, but furnished with exquisite sence, and Natural Heat.

In the Joynt of the Thigh, about the Cavity of the Huckle bone, is bred the Gout* 1.30 called Sciatica. If the Humor flow into the Ace••abulum, and cause the Head of the Thigh-bone to slip out of its place, it breeds a Disease in Scituation hard to cure, and which at last causes the Patient to hault.

If a very sharp pu••rid Humor does corrode, and bring corruption into the Joynt,* 1.31 it produces a Disease called Phthisi•• Coxaria, the Hip-Consumption, which makes an end of the Patient by degrees. If an Humor flow into that part where the great Nerve arises, which creeps up and down the hind parts of the Leg, Notha Is∣chias,* 1.32 o•• a Bastard Sciatica is produced.

Swellings of the Knee, either springing from a Flegmatick Humor, or from Infla∣mation,* 1.33 are oftentimes very dangerous, or long-lasting, and at last do hasten the Patients Death.

The Foot is divided into thea 1.34 Ta••sus,b 1.35 Metatarsus, and thec 1.36 Toes. The first Bone of the Tarsus calledd 1.37 Pte••na, is subject to a Disease springing from Cold or Fluxion, which i•• called Pernio, a Kibe: And because this Bone receives a very* 1.38 thick Tendon, if it be bruised and wounded, it causes in••vitable death, by the very Convulsions thereby raised.

The Toes of the Feet, by comp••••ssion, and straitness of Shoo•• or Boots, have painful Corns breeding upon them, the unw••••y ex••••••pation whereof has somtimes* 1.39 brought a Gangrene into the Part.

The whol Leg from the bending of the G••oyn unto the T••••s, is somtimes excee∣dingly* 1.40 swollen with an hard, and il-favored Tumor, which is called Elephantiasis, Arabum: The Arabian Physitions, Elephants Leg, because it makes the Leg of the Patient resemble that of an Elephant.

But the Shank and Foo•• are chiefly ••iable to defluxions which are caused either in* 1.41 such as are newly recovered out of sickness, by ••he Humors falling down into those parts; or primarily by the evil Disposition of the said parts.

The principal matter of these Tumors, is Wind or Water, or a clammy Fleg∣matick Humor, which produces the swelling called Oedema.

Somtimes the Toes of the Feet, as wel as the Fingers of the Hand, are deficient or superfluous in their Number. There is a little knob grows somtimes under the little Toe called Gemursa, because it makes the Patient groan.

Di••eases consisting in the Evil-shaping of the Shank and Foot are frequent.* 1.42 Hence arose those nick Names Varus, one that has crooked Legs bending inward; Valgus, one that has Legs bending outward; Compernis, one narrow between the Knees; Scauripeda, one that has hunching Ankles, that interfer and hinder his going; Pansus, one that has a broad or Splay foot; Atta, he that treads only on the fore part of his Feet, as it were on Tip Toes; Plautus, he that is Splay∣footed or Broad-footed, al which Infirmities are seen in grown Persons and in Children.

Some are borne with their Legs contracted, others become so by ill Swadling in the time of their Infancy, and by untoward Carriage in their Nurses Arms. Som∣times one foot is longer than the other which Causes halting.

Somtimes the Feet do Stink intollerably, by reason of their much heat and* 1.43 Sweat; which must be helped. Oftentimes there happens a Palsie of the lower Limbs, by reason of a Defluxion of Humors out of the Mesentery, into the Lum∣bal Nerves. Many times a bastard Sciatica does possess the whol Thigh as low as to the Ankle-bone, even as far as that most thick Nerve does reach, which comes from the Os Sacrum. Pains of the Knees are extream bitter and make stout Men cry out.* 1.44 Because of the consent the Knees had with the Veins in the Mothers Womb. And Pliny saies that a Mans life lies in his very Knees.

Fluxions of Rheum into this Joynt are long lasting, dangerous and hard to* 1.45 Cure, in the Judgment of Pardus, which daily experience does confirm. And a blow or wound in the Anckle, that same great Tendon being bruised or wounded, do bring Death, not without great Convulsions, so saies Hippocrates.

Chap. 4. In what places Issues are commonly made.

NOw I wil shew you in what places Issues are to be made to purge out Wheyish* 1.46 Humors, which flow either through the Vessels or betw••een the Skin. I wil begin at the Head.

And first of al an Issue may be made where the sagittary and coronal Sutures meet. You may find the place by applying your Wrist to the Nose of the Patient, and observing how far you can reach upon his head with your middle Finger, for there the Issue must be made.

Also in the hollow part of the Occiput or hind part of the Head. But if you* 1.47 find no fitting Cavity there, you may apply your Caustick on either side of the Additions of the Sutura Lambidoides.

Likewise in the hollow behind the Ears, when the Eyes or Ears are* 1.48 Diseased.

Somtimes on either side of the Neck, as far as the third or fourth Vertebra.* 1.49

In the middle of the Arm between the Muscles Deltois and Biceps.

In the Brest, two or three may be made according to the Longitude thereof, in Diseases of the Chest and Lungs.

At the bending of the Buttocks, at the Ends of the Muscles cald Gloutii, where* 1.50 the Thigh is perceived to move upon the Joynt, an Issue may be made, in a perfect Sciatica when the Humor possesses the Cavity of the Joynt.

Issues are made within side the Thigh, two Fingers above the Knee; also on the* 1.51 inside of the Leg, two Fingers beneath the Ham.

Somtimes to turn away Fluxions into the Thigh, Issues are made upon the* 1.52 Loins, near the Back-bone, on each side the said bone.

Chap. 5. Of Veins usually opened.

I Proceed unto such Veins of the whol body as are usually opened. Veins* 1.53 which now adaies are opened in the Head, are in the Forehead, the hinder∣part of the Head, and in the Temples.

The Forehead Vein is termed a 1.54 Praeparata or the ready Vein, because it is evident, and there is no need to Shave the Hair to come at it, as must be done in the Vein behind the Head, which is termed Vena Puppis, the Aftenship-Vein.

The ancients did open the Veins behind the Ears, but that operation is now out of use: Hippocrates saies the cutting of those Veins made the Scythians barren; perhaps he meant the Arteries in those Parts. The manner of opening these Veins Albucasis does ••each us in his 2. Book Chap. 97.

Neither is it unprofitable to open the Veines of the Head, by reason of the ex∣ternal Veins, which through the holes of the Scul have communion with the Me∣nings.

I know Hieronimus Fabricius ab Aqua Pendente disallowes the opening of those Veins, because oftentimes they do not appear. But if the Head be rubbed, and the Hair shaved off and then again rubbed, they wil be more evident, provided you throa••le the Neck a little with a Towel or Napkin.

The ^b temporal Vein is also cut as is the Artery, in great and continual pains of* 1.55 the Head.

The Antients did open the inner Veins of the Nose, as appears out of Hippocrates in divers places, and from Galen his 6. ••o••k of Epidemicks. The later Greek writers, Paulus Aegineta and Aretaeus, men••••on ••••e opening of inner Veins of the Nose: and Areteus himself, declares the Inst••u••ents which the Ancients used, to provoke those Veins to bleed. ••ut if ••he blood, according to the Opinion of Fer∣nelius, do flow from the Veins o•• the Face, which creep into the inner Parts of the No••t••ils; the Head being opp••essed with plenty of blood, cannot be eased, be∣cause that same Irritation and opening of the Veins, ought to be per••ormed nea•• the Colander bone, h••t ••he Longitudinal passage creepi••g unto the Nost••••ls may be opened. therefore •• conceive those Parts are frequen••ly to be fomen••ed with Luke∣warm Water, before we use tho••e Instruments p••opounded by Aretaeus.

The manner of opening those Veins propounded by Albucasis, may be admitted, but it does not pene••rate to the inmost Part of the Nos••••••ls, as far as the Colander bone.

The Veins under the Tongue termed Ra••ulares are more frequently opened* 1.56 with good success, in Diseases of the Throat and Head. Only Aurelianus against Diocles has disallowed that Practice, alleadging that it fills the Head, and the blood cannot be stopt. Lib. 1. Acut. c. 12.

True it is that in some the blood has Issued so plentifully, that it could very hardly be stopped, as was observed in a Capuchin Friar, Father Joseph. le Clerc, the great Polititian and ••amiliar friend of the Cardinal Richelieu; as Simon Pim∣pernel a most expart Surgeon of Paris, hi••self told me, he having opened the said Veins, in the Fria•• aforesaid.

In the Neck thea 1.57 external Jugular is opened. T••alli••nus in Cure of the Squinsie* 1.58 opened the same with good success Lib 4. Cha••. 1. And Soranus Ephesius, in his Introduction Chap. 12. Commends the opening of this Vein. In like manner Actuarius commends this Practice in dangerous Disea••es of the Head. Caesalpinus Lib. 2. Quaest: Medic. Chap. 12. Commands the opening of this Vein in a Squinzy, because the Jugular Veins are more filled, than the shut cover and Mouth of the Larynx.

Prosper Alpinus in his 2. Book of the Aegyptian manner of healing Diseases Chap. 9. Writes that this is a common Remedy in that Contrey.* 1.59 * 1.60

Jacobus Corpus in his Anatomical Introductions, shews the way to open those Veins. Read Paulus Magnus Lib. de Phlebotomia printed in the Italian Tongue. And Rondeletius in his Me••hod••••s Medendi; Lud••v••cus Mercatus Chap. 13. Method; Medend. And Albucasis Lib. 2. Chap. 97.

Rondeletius ••els us of a Vein in the Back Lib. 1. Methodi Melendi. Chap. 37.* 1.61 Which he saies is to be found, in the first Vertebra of the Back; it is seen elevated on the top of the Vertebraes, creeping down the back, as far as Os Sacrum. It seems to flow from the brain according to the Longitude of the spinal Marrow. He lets us know that this Vein is profitably opened, in the Tetanus and Falling-Sick∣ness, and if it be not so visible as to be opened, in that place must Cupping-Glasses be fastened with Scarification.

Ludovicus Mercatus in Lib. 1. Practicae Cap. 19. Commends this Remedy against the Convulsion. Hippocrates in his Book de Visu, burnes and pricks the Veins of the back: which Remedy is propounded by Alexander Benedictus Lib. 1. de Morbis Curandis, c. 5. And Gattiuaria advises to open the same in in his Comment upo•• the 9. Book of Rhasis.

In the Arm three Veins are opened, the Cephalick or Head Vein accompanyed* 1.62 by an a 1.63 Artery without any Nerve, and therefore it is opened without danger. The Basilica and Mediana are opened, but the b 1.64 Basilica must be opened with pru∣dent waryness, by reason of an Artery near the same and the Tendon of Musculus Biceps, which lies beneath it: neither is the c 1.65 Mediana void of the like danger.

In the Hand between the Ring Finger and the little Finger the d 1.66 Salvatella is* 1.67 opened, the opening thereof many account superstition: howbeit Hippocrates opened the Veins of the Hands: and this Remedy has not been rejected by learned Physitians, especially in long lasting Sicknesses, and in the Quartan Ague at the Conjunction of the Sun and Moon: which I have known to have succeeded happily both to other Physitians, and to my self, in old Quartans, after the use of divers Medicaments.

It is not our Custom to open the Veins in the lower part of the Thigh above the Knee: yet Lazarus Sotus saies that they are opened in Portugal in his 1 Book of Animadversions, Chap. 4. Sect. 61. To stop gouty Defluxions into the Legs, and to diminish the deformity of the Varices or black swoln Veins of those Parts, the Ancients were wont to open them. And Platerus commends this Remedy to to diminish the Varices. Which may be confirmed out of Galen Lib. 2. Method•• ad Glauconem.

In the ••oot is opened the ^a Saphena, which is above the Malleolus internus o••* 1.68 inner Ancle bone; or the continvation thereof in Tarso, or the swelling side of the Foot between the Heel and the great Toe.

Somtimes the b 1.69 Ischiadica Vena or Sciatica Vein, is opened, which is Scituate in the external Ankle. But this Vein ought not to be opened without very great heed to the place where the Orifice is made, because of an Artery near, and Tendons very near the same.

'Twas usual with the Ancients to open the c 1.70 Ham Vein, which is now a daies sel∣dom performed, and quite out of use: never••heless the opening thereof would be as beneficial as is the opening of the Arm Veins.

It might be conveniently opened if the Leg be put into a Vessel of hot Water above* 1.71 the Knee, and rubbed, as is usual in bleeding at the Arm; also a double Ligature may be used, one above and the other below the Knee. It is easily found and safely opened, below the hollow of the Ham, at the beginning of the Musculi Gemelli: and a sick Woman as she lies in her bed, may as conveniently present her Leg as the Arm, being covered with the sheet or other fitting covering.

Though the Sciatica Vein and the Saphena are branches of the Crural Vein yet, because the Sciatica Vein does answer the Basilica, as the Saphena does t•• Cephalica of the Arm; certain it is, blood is drawn by a more direct way fro••

the Sciatica Vein, then from the Saphena. Howbeit Galen in his second Book Secundum Locos Chap. 2. The Sciatica Vein not appearing admits the Saphena to be opened in stead thereof. And if it appear not in the outward Ankle, its branch must be opened, on the Tarsus or pulp of the Foot beneath the Ankle, or above the Ankle, if it be visible.

Its also possible to make it the more apparent by such a kind of Ligature as the Author of the Book de Anatomia Vivorum has described, made with a long and broad Swath-band brought from the top of the Hip as low as the Ankle.

Chap. 6. Of the Arteries which are opened.

THe Ancient Physi••ians were wont to open Arteries as wel as Veins. Howbeit* 1.72 Horatius Augenius in his Book of Blood-letting, disswades the opening of Arteries, because he never saw any Artery opened, that could be stopped again, Aurelianus, Favours his Opinion, in his 1. Book of Chronick Diseases Chap. 5. Howbeit Galen in his Book de Venae Sectione, commends the opening of the Smaller Arteries in very bitter and old paines of the Head.

Heurnius did wish, that in some part or other it might be safe to open an Artery in burning Feavers, because one Porringer of the Arterial blood drawn out, would cool the Patient more, than to loose ten Porringers of the venal blood. And in his Commentary upon the 23. Aphorisme of the 1. Book, he saies that in the Hunga∣rian* 1.73 Feaver, when very red blood drops out at the Nose, it would do the Patient good to draw a little blood from an Artery. But who (saies he) dares open an Artery? I desire that al learned Artists would think of it.

I say therefore, and aver, That in Paris, the Arteries of the Forehead and* 1.74 Temples, before and behind the Ears, are successfully opened in Ancient or very acute pains of the Head, in the Phrensie, Inflamations and extream pains of the Eyes and Ears.

As for the opening of the temporal Artery Thadaeus Dunus, in the 12. Chap. Of his Miscellanies, shews how profitable a Remedy, it is.

Lazarus Sotus aforementioned, in the same place, observes that the Arteries behind the Ears are profitably opened in Portugal.

Ludovicus Mercatus a Spanish Physician suspects this opening of these Arteries, for fear it should make Men Barren. But daily experience has delivered us from that fear.

An Artery seated in the hinder Part of the Head is opened, the Hair being first* 1.75 Shaven of, and the Head and hand being ••omented in hot water, or rubbed with a Spunge, that it may appear. The manner of opening this Artery, is not unlike that of the temporal Artery, and therefore that same way of Paulus Aegineta, Aetius and Albucasis, is to be rejected, who did first cut the Skin before they open∣ed the Artery.

Galen in his Book of Blood-letting near the end, in an Inflamation of the Liver* 1.76 opened the ^a Artery, which Runs out between the Thumb and Fore Finger.

Which, Prosper Alpinus observes to be very usual in Egypt, in his third Book and 12. Chap. De Medicina Egypt. And Septalius in his 6. Book of Animadversions▪ Article 122. Judges that in a Palpitation of the Heart, the* 1.77 Arteries which Run along the Fingers may safely be opened. Which may likewise be done in the Tarsus and Meta-Tarsus of the Foot, according to the Advice of▪ Galen in his 3. Book of Anatomical Administrations, and the last Chapter.

In other Parts Arteries may not in any wise be opened, unless they have a bone under them, that they may be pressed close down to make the Orifice grow toge∣ther again: and therefore in a lean Body, an Artery being unawars opened in the Arm, may be closed again, if it be timly and closely tied as is sitting, to avoid Aneurisma.

Before we think of opening the Arteries of the Head to turne away Fluxions,* 1.78 that experiment of Alexander Benedictus wil not be unprofitable, to apply unto the Shorn Head, Medicines that are to stop Rheums falling into the Eyes, must be applied from the Eye-brows unto the Crown of the Head: if the Eyes begin to appear dry, it is manifest that the Rheum falls into them by those Veins which are under the Skin: but if they continue moist, it is evident the Humor flows into them from under the bone.

Now the foresaid Mixture of Alexander Benedictus which stops Rheums is this. Make a Cataplasme of Course bran, ••ine Frankincense, the white of an Egg, a little Vitriol and Stone Alum•• and apply it as a foresaid.

Chap. 7. Of the Muscles and first of the Forehead Muscles.

INtending to explain al the Muscles of the Body, I wil begin at the Frontal or* 1.79 a 1.80 Forehead Muscles, which I conceive are ordained rather to move the Eye∣brows, than the Forehead it self.

They have their original from the upper Parts of the Forehead, and being spread ou•• upon the bone thereof, they end at the Eye-brows, that they might lift them up. They are severed in the midst of the Forehead, right above the Nose. And be∣cause we do at our pleasure depress and draw together our Eye-Lids into wrinkles, we must assigne to each of them its Muscle, and I can find no other save the Orbicu∣lar b 1.81 Muscle of each Eye-Lid; for the Eye-brows cannot be drawn down without the Eye-Lids be closly 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

Chap. 8. Muscles of the hinder Part of the Head.

IN the after Head are found Muscles, or rather fleshy Membranes, which draw backwards the Skin of the Head in such persons as have the said Skin movable. These Muscles, as also those of the Forehead, are portions of the Musculus Latus or Broad 〈◊〉〈◊〉; which Sylvius does neatly compare to a riding Hood, taking away only as much as is covered with a little cap on the top of a Mans Head: and there∣fore the broad Muscle does cover the Neck, Face, Fore and side Parts of the Head.* 1.82 * 1.83

Chap. 9. Muscles of the Eye-Lids.

THe two Eye-Lids are moved by four Muscles, of which three are orbicular, and one is straight belonging to the upper Eye-Lid, which arises at the inter∣nal* 1.84 Cavity of the Eye, and being spred out upon the Muscles, which lifts up the Eye, it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 unto the Eye-Lid.

The first of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or round Muscles, is the Musculus Ciliaris, which* 1.85 compasseth about each of the Eye-Lids. The other is drawn out under the Eye∣lid, arising from the Circumference of the Orbita or Socket of the Eye.

The •• third round Muscle being of a Fingers breadth, compasses the Surface of the* 1.86 Orbita or Socket, and being placed under each Eye-Lid, and reaching as far as* 1.87 the Eye-brow, and closly shutting the two Eye-Lids, it lifts up the lower and draws down the Eye brow.

Chap. 10. Muscles of the Eyes.

THere are reckoned six Muscles of the Eye, four Straight and two Oblique,* 1.88 which are named from their Scituation and action. One is termed c 1.89 Supernus and Attollens Oculum, the upper, and the Eyes up lifter; another is called d 1.90 In∣fernus* 1.91 and Deprimens Oculum, the lower and Eye Depresser; of the two Lateral or side Muscles, one at the greater corner of the Eye is termed e 1.92 Lectorius, the* 1.93 Readers or the Students Muscle; the other placed at the smaller corner is called f 1.94 Indignatorius, the Disdeigners Muscle.

They al arise from the Cavity of the Socket of the Eye and the broad Nervous* 1.95 production, and are inserted into the Cornea Tunica under the Con∣junctiva.

The Contranitency of these Muscles pulling one against another is necessary, that the Eye might be movable to and fro, which being depraved, the Eye is drawn to some one side, and so abides in that posture.

And that the Eye might be drawn back towards the greater Corner, and might be fixed in continual reading or looking upon somwhat, Nature has framed two other Muscles, which are termed Oblique, because they direct the Oblique motion of the Eye, which is none at al, neither can the Muscles themselves perform such a Motion in regard of their Original and Insertion, which ought to be contrary and opposite.

The Musculus Obliquus a 1.96 Major, greater Oblique Muscle, or Trochleator, con∣teins* 1.97 in it a wonderful peice of Workmanship, which is found in Mankind, detect∣ed by Rondeletius and observed in some great Fishes: for taking its rise from the Cavity of the Orbita, it produces a thin Tendon, which being drawn through a Transverse b 1.98 Gristle affixed unto the bone, by and beneath the Glandula Lachry∣malis or weeping Kernel, is after widened and spread out upon the Eye.

The Obliquus c 1.99 Minor drawn out externally by the greater Corner, and rowled* 1.100 athwart about the Globe of the Eye, comes as far as the Tendon of the greater Ob∣lique Muscle, that the Nervous productions of both the Oblique Muscles might meet together to draw back and ••ix the Eye towards the Nose, that from both the Eyes beholding, one Pyramid Li••e may pass unto the visible Object.* 1.101 * 1.102

Chap. 11. Muscles of the external Ear.

THey are common and proper, which are Seldom moved, because the Ear it* 1.103 self is rarely moved. They are therefore rather marks and signs of Muscles, than true ones, such as are found in Brute Beasts which move their Ears.

And therefore a portion of the frontal Muscle reaching unto the Ear, a portion of* 1.104 the Cutaneous or Skin Muscle drawn unto the Pulp of the Ear, and a Part of the Occipital or after Head Muscle, stretched out behind the Ears, do make the common Muscles.

There is only one proper Muscle, which lurks under the Ligament* 1.105 of the Ear, it arises, from the Mammillary Process, and is inserted into the Root of the Ear.

The later Anatomists do make reckoning of two Muscles appertaining to the in∣ternal* 1.106 Ear, one of which is a 1.107 external in the auditory passage or hole of the Ear,* 1.108 which draws back the Membrane of the Ear: the other is within the b 1.109 Concha, fa∣stened to the Mallet or Hammer.

In Bruts the Muscles of the internal Ea•• are more evident than in Men* 1.110 * 1.111 * 1.112

Chap. 12. Muscles of the Nose.

THey are common and proper.* 1.113

The common is only one, being the upper portion of that Orbicular Muscle which compasses the c 1.114 Lips, which draws the No••e downwards, when the upper Lip is drawn down.

Two d 1.115 Muscles do lift up the Nose, on each side one, drawn from the space be∣tween* 1.116 the Eye-brows and fastened to the bone of the Nose, and so carried to the wings or battlements thereof; the motion of these Muscles, when they act together is easily perceived in the drawing up and cri••ping or wrinkling of the Nose.

In Persons that are largly Nosed, two* 1.117 little Muscles are found, spred upon the extream Gristles of the No••e, which do widen the Laps of the Nose, without any elevation or lifting up.

Within the Nostrils under the Succingent Coat, there lies lurking a little Muscle of a Membranous Na••ure, which does stick to the internal Parts as far as the Laps of the Nose, it is said to contract the Nostrils.

Chap. 13. Muscles of the Lips▪

SEeing there are two Lips, each has its Muscles, and there are two common to both.

The upper Lip is drawn upwards by a a 1.118 Muscle which taking its rise from the hol∣low* 1.119 of the Jaw, benea••h the Cheek bone, de••cends obliquely or sla••ting to the up∣per Lip.

It is moved downwards by a b 1.120 Muscle brought from the middest of the lower Jaw,* 1.121 into the said Lip.

The nether Lip is drawn upwards by a Muscle, which being drawn out of the* 1.122 lower Parts of the Cheek bone, does ••nd side waies upon the nether Lip.

I•• is moved downwards by a c 1.123 Muscle, which Springing out of the Chin, is insert∣ed* 1.124 into the middle Lip.

The common Muscles are the lateral on••••▪ which do draw the Lips to the right or* 1.125 left side

The first is called d 1.126 Zygomaticus, being somwhat long and thin, and arising from the bone Zygoma, it is ••erminated in the meeting of each Lip.

The ot••er common one, is vulgarly termed * 1.127 Buccinator or the Trumpeter, it were more rightly called Bucco the Cheek driver, because it stirs the Cheeks, wh•••• •••• drives the meat this way and that way, in the action of chewing.

It arises ••rom the top of the Gums or the bones in that place near the farthest grinders, and ends in each Lip. It is loose and s••ack, that it may give way inwards, and perform its Office of forcing, as the Muscles of the belly do; and that it may give way, when the Mouth ••apes wide.

There is added a round f 1.128 Muscle, which makes the proper substance of the Lips,* 1.129 by the service whereof the Mouth, is drawn together, the Lips are opened, go inwards, and swel. It might wel be called the Sphincter of the Mouth, or the Pylorus.

Chap. 14. Muscles of the lower Jaw.

THey are on either side six. Theg 1.130 Temporal Muscle, being a very strong one* 1.131 li••ts up the Jaw. It arises from the whol Cavity of the Temples, and being carried along under the Os Zygoma, it is by a very strong nervous Tendon inserted into the sharp ^a process of the Jaw-bone.

This Muscle is assisted by the Pterygoideusb 1.132 Internus, arising from the Cavity of* 1.133 the Apophysis Pterygoides, and terminated at the corner of the inferior Jaw. It is called by Galen Masseter Internus.

The Jaw is drawn down wards by the Digastricus or Twi-Belly'd Muscle, and* 1.134 the Musculus Latus or Broad Muscle.

The Digastricus or Twi-Belly, being in thec 1.135 middle Nervous and fleshy at the Ends, springs from the Apophys•••• Styloides, and being in the Middle reflexed about the Stylo-Ceratoides, it is inserted into the Chin, under the bending of the Jaw.

The Musculus* 1.136 Latus or Broad-Belly, arises from the upper Part of the Brest∣bone,* 1.137 the Clavicula and Shoulder point, and cleaves firmly to the Basis of the in∣ferior Jaw, mu••fling the Neck and whol Face; and by reason of the afore-said Ad∣hesion, it is said to draw the Jaw downwards.

Pterygoideus* 1.138 Externus, the external wing fashiond Muscle forces the Jaw* 1.139 forwards, which being swelled does lightly drive the Jaw-bone forewards: which happens in the overshooting of the Jaw-bone, when the lower Teeth are above the upper Teeth.

The Jaw is plucked about this way and that way by the Masseter or Chaw Mus∣cles being in its Original Twi-Headed, one of whose heads arises from the Os Zygo∣ma,* 1.140 the other beneath the said bone; each of which being furnished with divers Fibres which Cross one another, is inserted into the Corner of the inferior Jaw. It may easily be divided into two Parts.

Chap. 15. Of the Muscles of the Os Hyoides.

BEcause the bone termed g 1.141 Hyoides, is placed in the Neck to a prop and founda∣tion for the Tongue and Larynx, it has obtained Muscles as wel as Ligaments, by which it is held suspended, that it might be moved with the Tongue and Larynx.

And therefore its Muscles are common to the Tongue and the Larynx.

The bone Hyoides has ten Muscles, on each side five, for I add the Muscle termed Myloglossus (which is commonly attributed unto the Tongue) and I cal it Mylo∣hyoideus, because, it does not any waies touch the Tongue.* 1.142 * 1.143

The Os Hyoides is l••••••••d up by the Musclea 1.144 Geniohyoideus, it arises from with∣in* 1.145 the Chin and is inserted into the Ba••is of the Hyoides.

Assistant hereunto is the Muscleb 1.146 Mylohyoideus, i•• arises from within the Jaw in the Quarters of the Grinding Teeth, and reaches to the Basi•• of the Bone Hyoides.

The bone Hyoides is drawn downwards by the Muscle ^c S••ernohyideus which* 1.147 springs from the top of the Brest bone, and drawn o••t upon the Wesan•• is inserted into the Basis or bottom, of the said bone Hyoides.

The Musclec 1.148 Stylocerathyoideus, from the Apophysis Styloides is carried* 1.149 into the Horns of the Os Hyoides.

Chap▪ 16▪ Muscles of the Tongue.

THe Tongue is forced forward by the Muscle e 1.150 Genyoglossus, which growing out* 1.151 of the inner side of the Chin, is terminated to the Tongues Root.

It is drawn back by the Muscle f 1.152 Basiglossus which takes its rise at the Basis of* 1.153 Os Hyoides, and is carryed unto the Root of the Tongue.

It is forced sidewaies to the right and left, by the Muscle g 1.154 Stylogossus, which* 1.155 taking its beginning at the Apophysis Styloides, is extended into the middle, very near of the Tongue.* 1.156

Chap▪ 17▪ Muscles of the Larynx.

THe whol body of the Larynx consisting of five Gristles, is moved upwards and downwards.

It is drawn upwards by the Muscle a 1.157 Hyothyroideus, which arising from the* 1.158 Basis of the Hyoides bone, is inserted into the external middlemost of the Thyroides.

The Muscle b 1.159 Bronchius draws it downwards, which taking its rise, from the* 1.160 inner side of the Brest bone, and stre••ched out upon the Channel of the Aspera Arteria or Wesand, it ascends unto the Bas•• of Thyroides.

Two only of the Gristles of the Larynx are movable, viz. The * 1.161 Thyroides and the d 1.162 A••yt••noides, and to procure their motion they have little Muscles, which spring out of the immovable Gristle Cricoides.

The Thyroides is dilated by the Muscle Cricothyroideus Anticus, which begins* 1.163 at the ou••••er forepart of Cricoides, and ends within the internal sides of Thyroides.

The said Thyroides is contracted by the Muscle * 1.164 Cricothyroideus Lateralis,* 1.165 which spri••••ing from the lateral part of Cricoides, is inserted externally into the sides of Thyroides.

The A••ytaenoides is opened by the Mu••cle * 1.166 Thyroaryt••noideus, which springing* 1.167 from the inner and foremost part of the Thyroides, ends into the sides of the Ary••enoides: or rather it takes its rise from the Cricoides and Thyroides, being placed between both.

The Arytaenoides is shut by one only Muscle called Arytaenoideus, whichh 1.168 compasses about and shuts the Arytaenoides, like the Sphincter Muscle, and also* 1.169 with its Basis it Streightens the Glottis, ••or to make the voyce ••ound the better.

The Epiglotti•• has i 1.170 no Muscles to lift it up and shut it down in Mankind, as it has in Brute ••••asts.e 1.171

Chap▪ 18▪ Muscles o•• the Pharynx.

THe Pharynx which is the beginning of Oesophagu•• or the Gullet, has obtained from 〈◊〉〈◊〉 seven Mu••cles, of which three have ••ellows and the fourth is without companion namely that which is termed Oesophag••us.

The ••••••st is a 1.172 Spheno-Pharing••us, which arises from a certain sharp* 1.173 point of the Sphenoides nea•• the Styloides, and bending a little down∣wards, it ends in the sides of the Jaws, that it may draw the Pharynx upwards.

The second is b 1.174 Cephalo-Pharyngaeus, which arises from that part where the* 1.175 Head is Joyned to the Neck, and descending is spread out into the Pharynx, and seemes to make the very coat thereof.

The third is c 1.176 Stylo▪Pharyngaeus, which arises from the Apophysis Styloides,* 1.177 and is implanted into the side of the Pharynx, to serve to widen the ••ame.

The Muscle Oesophageus, does draw together and close the d 1.178 Pharynx, which growing out of one side of Thyroides, and compassing round the hinder part of Oesophagus, is implanted into the other side of Thyroides; or being outwardly fastened to both sides of Thyroides, it draws together the beginning of the Oeso∣phagus and purles the same like the Sphincter Muscle of Anus.

Chap. 19. Muscles of the Gargareon, Uvula, or Mouth Palat.

THe Ʋvula has two Muscles * 1.179 on either side.

The Muscle Ptery-Staphylinus f 1.180 externus, taking its Rise from the upper* 1.181 Jaw under the last grinding Tooth, ends in a smal Tendon g 1.182 which passes through a chink ingraven on the upper side of the Pterygoides: and there being turned back, as it were through a pulley, it is inserted into the sides of the Ʋvula.

The Ptery-Staphylinus h 1.183 internus, cast out of the nether part of the inner Skirt* 1.184 of the Pterygoides, it has a peculiar movable Gristle ordained for its original, and ascending according to the Longitude of the internal Wing or Skirt of the Pterygoi∣des, it ends at the Ʋvula.

Chap. 20. Muscles of the Head.

THe Muscles of the Head are proper or Common.

The Common are those which move the Neck and Head both; such as are the Muscles of the Neck: the proper are such as move the Head, the Neck remain∣ing unmoved.

Now the proper are fourteen, on each lide seven, six of which are placed in the hinder part.

There is one only in the Fore part, which is called a 1.185 Mastoideus, and* 1.186 bows the Head; it arises from the top of the Brest bone and middest of the Clavicula, and is obliquely inserted into the Apophysis Ma∣stoides.

Somtimes in the forepart of the Neck, there is another Muscle next the Long Muscle, which helps the Mostoideus to bend the Head: and I have many times shewed this Muscle, and somtimes I have seen it wanting.

Six Muscles do extend the Head: of which two are large, the other* 1.187 four smal▪

The first of the larg ones is calledb 1.188 Splenius; which arising from the sharp points* 1.189 of the ••ive uppermost Vertebra's of the back, and the four lowest of the Neck, it is in••erted into the hinder part of the Head.

There comes the other large Muscle to assist the former, and is called c 1.190 Complexus.* 1.191 It springs from the transverse or overthwart Eminencies or Apophyses of the fore∣said Vertebra's, and is terminated in the after part of the Head.

The lesser Muscles are some straight, others crooked, and of both these, some* 1.192 are greater, others le••s.

The greater d 1.193 straight Muscles, arising from the Spine or point of the second spondile, Vertebra or Knuckle, are inserted into the after side of the Head.

Under them the e 1.194 two lesser arising from the hinder part of the first Vertebra, are* 1.195 terminated in the after side of the Head.

The greater a 1.196 Oblique ones do arise from the spine or point of the second Vertebra* 1.197 and reach unto the overthwart Eminence or Apophysis of the first Vertebra; and from the same place the Lesser b 1.198 Oblique or crooked ones do arise and are termina∣ted in the Occiput, or after Part of the Head.

Chap. 21. Muscles of the Neck.

THe Neck has eight, on each side four, being placed before and behind, to bend* 1.199 the Neck and extend the same again.

It is bent by the Musculus Longus and the Muscle Scalenus or the uneven∣sided Muscle.

The c 1.200 Long Muscle being situate under the Oesophagus, springs out of the body of the third Vertebra or Knuckle bone of the back, and ascends laterally con∣nexed or knit unto al the bodies of the Vertebra's, ending into the former part of the first Vertebra.

The Scalenus arising from the d 1.201 first Rib of the Chest, it is inwardly ingrafted* 1.202 by oblique Fibres into al the overthwart or transverse Eminencies of the Neck∣bones: through it the Vessels are drawn, which are to be distributed into the Arm.

The Neck is extended or stretched out by two Muscles.* 1.203

The Spinatus Muscle e 1.204 arises from the Roots of the seven uppermost Vertebra's of the Chest and five of the Neck; and is inserted into the Spina or point of the second Vertebra of the Neck.

The Muscle Transversarius, arising from the f 1.205 transverse Apophyses or Eminen∣cies* 1.206 of the six uppermost Vertebra's of the back, is planted externally into al the transverse Eminencies of the Neck.

Chap▪ 22, Muscles of the Shoulder-blades.

THey are four in Number. The Muscle Levator ^g Proprius, does lift up the* 1.207 Shoulder blade. It arises from the transverse or overthwart Apophyses or E∣mineneies of the second, third and fourth Vertebra of the upper part of the Neck, and ends in the uppermost Corner of the Shoulder-blade.

The Muscle Trapezius ^a arises from the hinder part of the Head, at the Points* 1.208 of five Vertebra's of the Neck, and of eight or nine of the uppermost Vertebra's of the Chest, and is inserted into the Basis of the Shoulder blad and the Spina, as far as the shoulder tip. It causes divers motions according to the original and direction of the Fibres; that is, according to their▪ Rise and insertion.

The Shoulder-blad is drawn forwards by one only Muscle termed Serratus* 1.209 ^b Minor, which arises out of the four upper most Ribs, and ends in the Cora∣coides.

It is drawn backwards by the ^c Rhomboides o•• lozing fashioned, or diamand* 1.210 fashond Muscle, which arises from the three points of the lower Vertebraes of the

Neck, and the three points of the uppermost Ʋertebraes of the Chest, and is in∣serted into the external Basis of the Shoulder-blade.

Although by its own weight it return to the natural Scituation: yet a ^d portion of Musculus Latissimus, running out unto the Arm, cleaves by a loop to the lower Corner of the Shoulder-Blade, and is said to draw the Shoulder-Blade down∣wards.

Chap. 23. Muscles of the Arm.

THey are nine. The Muscle Deltoides and Supra Spinatus do move it up∣wards.* 1.211

The Deltoides ^e does arise from the middest of the Clavicula, the Shoulder tip,* 1.212 the whol spine of the Shoulder-blade, and is carried out unto the middle of the Arm.

The Supraspinatus being thrust into the Cavity above the Spina or sharp point* 1.213 of the Scapula, and being conveighed under the Shoulder tip, is inserted into the Neck of the Arm.

The Latissimus and Rotundus Major, do move the Arm downwards: the Latis∣simus* 1.214 ^g springs from the sharp prominencies of the Os Sacrum, of the Vertebraes of the Loins, and of nine Vertebraes of the Back: it is inserted into a part of the Arm, not far below the Head.

It is assisted by Rotundus ^a Major or the larger round Muscle, which arises from* 1.215 the whollower Rib of the Shoulder-blade, and ends very near in the middle of the Arm.

The Pectoralis and Coracoidaeus draw it forward. The Pectoralis arises out* 1.216 of the first sixt and seventh true Ribs, the Brest-bone and more than the middle of the Clavis; and it is inserted by an acute Tendon into the middle of the Arm between the Deltoides and the Biceps.

The Muscle Coracoidaeus ^c springs out of the Apophysis Coracoides, and ends* 1.217 very near in the middle of the Arm; it draws the Arm towards the left Shoulder.

The Arm is moved backwards by three Muscles, Infraspinatus, Rotundus* 1.218 Minor, and Immersus.

The Infraspinatus arising in the middle between ^d the lesser round Muscle and* 1.219 the Spina, ends into the Neck of the Arm which is muffles about.

The Rotundus ^e minor begins at that Cavity which appears under the lower Rib* 1.220 of the Shoulder-blade, and ends in the Neck of the Arm.

Immersus or the ^f Subscapularis does possess the hollow and inward Part of the* 1.221 Omoplata or Shoulder-blade, and is carryed out unto the Neck.

The three last Muscles which act al at once, do carry about the Arm upwards with a sudden motion flanting outwards, so that the motion seems to be doubled.

Chap. 24. Muscles of the Cubit.

THe Cubit consists of two Bones, which as they are Knit together by divers Ar∣ticulations, so do they perform divers motions.

The Cubitus guides the motions of the Bending and extending. The Radius directs the motions of Pronation and Supination, and therefore they have proper Muscles for these motions.

The Cubit is bended by two Muscles Scituate in the internal Part of the Arm viz.* 1.222 The Biceps and Brachiaeus internus.

The Biceps arises from a ^a double beginning, the one of which from the extremity* 1.223 of the Cavity of the Glenois is conveyghed through the cleft of the Arm, the other taking its Rise from the Apophysis Coracoides, they are after united and make one

Tendon, which is inserted into the inner Part of the Radius, there where is bunches out.

The Brachiaeus ^b Internus, being placed beneath the Biceps, takes its rise from the middle of Os Brachij, unto which it firmly adheres, a••d is terminated between* 1.224 the Radius and the Cubitus, in that Part where they are fastened together.

The Cubit is extended by ••••ur Muscles, Viz. Longus, Brevis Brachiaeus* 1.225 externus, and Angoneus or Cubitalis.

Longus, the long Muscle ^c arises from the lower Rib of the Shoulder-blade near the Neck, where it has a peculiar Cavity, and it is terminated into the Elbow.

Brevis, the short Muscle, ^d springs from the hinder Neck of the Arm and ends* 1.226 likewise at the Elbow. Both those Muscles do make up one strong and sinewy Tendon.

For the third Muscle Galen in the first Book and last chapter of his Anatomical Administrations, reckons a lump of Flesh which is confounded with the two fore∣going* 1.227 Muscles, and inserted into the same place. I cal it Brachiaeus externus, because being spred upon the outside of the Arm, it is placed beneath the other two last mentioned. In the same place Galen does acquaint us, that any man may accurate∣ly separate these three Muscles following the rectitude of the Fibres.

The fourth Muscle called ^e Angoneus, is Scituate in the bending of the Cubit on* 1.228 the hinder side, which is called Agcoon or Ancoon and answers to the Musculus Poplitaeus. It arises out of the lower and hinder Part of the Arme, being Scituate between the Radius and Cubitus: and it is inserted by a sinewy Tendon into the side of the Cubitus, a Thumbs length below. Somtimes •••• cleaves so fast to the Fleshy end of Brachiaeus Externus, that there is no apparent difference to be dis∣cerned between them; and then it is Judged to be a portion of the Brachiaeus ex∣ternus, extended so far as to that place.

Chap. 25. Muscles of the Radius.

THe Radius is bowed downwards by the two internal Muscles, so called be∣cause* 1.229 they are placed in the inner Part of the Cubit; and one is called Infe∣rior Pronator, and the other Superior Pronator.

The Superior being a a 1.230 round Muscle, springs form the inner Part of the inner knob of the Arm, and ends with a Membranous Tendon, obliquely carried unto* 1.231 the Radius.

The Inferior Pronator b 1.232 Quadratus, is carried overthwart from the lower Part of the Cubit unto the lower Part of the Radius, and is thereinto inserted, be∣ing altogether Fleshy. Also it Knits the Ʋlna to the Radius, as if ••t were a Li∣gament.

The Radius is drawn down backwards by two external Muscles.

The Longus c 1.233 Supinator, springs out of the top of the Arm, above the external* 1.234 Knob, and being drawn out upon the Radius, it is inserted on the inside of the lower Epiphysis thereof, being fleshy.

Brevis Supinator, arising out of the d 1.235 outside of the inner Knob, is carried obli∣quely very near to the middle of the Radius, and turning back does straitly com∣prehend the same.* 1.236 * 1.237 * 1.238 * 1.239

Chap. 26. Muscles of the Wrist.

THe Wrist is bended, stretched forth and laterally moved by two Muscles, the bender and extender of each side, acting both together.

It is bended by two inward Muscles, of which the one may be termed Cubiteus,* 1.240 the other Radieus, by reason of their Scituation.

The Cubiteus a 1.241 internus takes its rise from the inner part of the inner Knob of the* 1.242 Arm, and being fastened unto the Cubit and to the fourth Wrist bone of the first Rank, it is drawn out aloft.

The Radieus b 1.243 Internus, having its original in the same place, and being stretch∣ed* 1.244 out upon the Radius, is inserted into that bone of the Metacarpium, which sustaines the fore Finger.

The Wrist is extended by two external Muscles, which hold the same way with* 1.245 the internal, and are therefore called by the same names.

The Radieus c 1.246 externus or Bicornis, takes its rise from that bony point which is* 1.247 in the Arm above the Knob thereof, and resting upon the Radius, it sends forth a double Tendon, the one of which is inserted into the Wrist bone lying under the Radius, the other into that bone of the Metacarpium which is seated under the fore Finger.

Some wil have this Muscle to be a double one, because it appears wholly distinct in its original and insertion. For that which is carryed to the Wrist grows out of the bony point of the Arm: the other arises out of the external Knob of the Arm and extends the Metacarpium with the Wrist.

It has its Tendons separated and inclosed in peculiar cases and sheaths, which are of a sinewy Gristly substance, without the Ring fa•…•…iond Ligament of the Wrist.

The Cubiteus d 1.248 externus, arising from the outward Apophysis of the Arm, and* 1.249 being carryed along the Cubit, it inserts its Tendon into the fourth bone of the Metacarpium, Scituate beneath the little Finger.

Chap. 27. Muscles of the Palme of the Hand.

IN the Palm or Hollow of the Hand are found two notable Muscles, which are termed the Palmar Muscles, the one of which is short, the other long.

The long Palmar Muscle growing out of the a 1.250 inner side of the knob of the* 1.251 Arm, is spred into the hollow of the Hand, as far as the first Articulation of the Fingers.

In its original it is Fleshy and presently after lessens it self into a smal Tendon, which passing above the Ring-shap'd Ligament of the Wrist, and not included with the rest of the Tendons, it is widened into a sinewy Membrane, which is so firmly fastened unto the Skin (to make the sence of feeling the more quick, and that the Hand may hold things the faster) that it is a very hard thing to sever it from the Skin.

Besides the Palmar Muscle in the hollow of the Hand, a Certain peice of Flesh* 1.252 four Square of a Thumbs breadth is found upon the Ring-shaped Ligament, which is redder then the Flesh, between the Thumb and the middle Finger, and is somtimes single and somtimes double, looking like two Muscles: and being carryed under and implicated with the Palmar Muscle, it seems to take its rise from the Root of the Fleshy part of the Hand called Thenar, and to be inserted into that same eigth bone of the Wrist, which is placed out of order.

Its Office is to hollow the Hand and so to make Diogeness his Dish to drink on of, together with the Muscles of the Thumb and the Hypothenar. This Muscle shal be named Palmaris brevis; the short Palm Muscle.

Chap. 28. Muscles of the Fingers.

THe Fingers are bended, stretched out, and moved sidewaies.* 1.253

There are two Muscles which bend the four Fingers, viz. The Musculus Sub••imis, and the Musculus Profundus.

The Sublimis arises from the inner, b 1.254 part of the inner knob of the Arm, and pro∣duces* 1.255 foure a 1.256 Tendons about the Wrist, which are terminated at the second Articula∣tion of the Fingers, and have holes bored in them, to give passage to the Tendons of the Musculus Profundus.

The Profundus springs out of the b 1.257 upper parts of the Cubitus and Radius and* 1.258 being c 1.259 divided into four, it is carryed through the holes of the Tendons of the Sub∣limis, unto the third Articulation of the Fingers.

Do but observe the Industry of Nature, who to the end the Fingers might be rightly bended, on the inside according to their length, she has framed a Channel of most hard Membranes resembling Ligaments, which Channel does straitly infold the Tendons of the Musculus Profundus and Sublimis, least in the bending of the Fingets the Tendons being bowed should be drawn out of their place, and like ropes rise up and lift up the Skin.

And although the Tendons be closely comprehended within the said Channel, yet have they their fre•• course and passage, because the Channel is smeared with a fat a••d Oyly Humor.

Out of the very Tendons of Musculus profundus by the Wrist, do arise the* 1.260 four d 1.261 Lumbricales, being firmly fastened thereunto, and carried to the first Arti∣culation of every Finger, where they unite themselves to the Interosseans.

The Muscles which extend the Fingers are Common and proper.* 1.262

I cal them common, which serve the four Fingers, such as the Extensor magnus Digitorum [the great extender of the Fingers] or which beside ex∣tension, do cause other motions, as the Lumbracales and Interossei joyned to∣gether.

The proper are they which belong and are attributed only to certain Fingers, as the Extensor Indicis [stretcher out of the fore Finger] and the Extensor Auri∣cularis [stretcher out of the little Finger.

Magnus Extensor Digitorum, the great a 1.263 Finger stretcher arises out of the outward Knob of the Arm, and by the b 1.264 Wrist is cloven into four c 1.265 Tendons, which end into the two lower Joynts of each Finger.

The Fingers are moved sidewaies, which motion is commonly termed adduction* 1.266 and Abduction.

The Adduction or drawing to, is when they are drawn towards the Thumb; Abduction or drawing from, is when they are moved sidewaies from the Thumb▪ And this motion is performed by the Interossean Muscles: of which there are* 1.267 three d 1.268 External and as many e 1.269 Internal, spred in the spaces between the Bones of the Metacarpium.

They arise from the upper Parts of the said bones near the Wrist, and in the first Internodeum or space between the Joynts, with a very smal Tendon, they creep side longs over the three bones of the Fingers, until they come unto the Roots of the Nailes; in the former and upper Part whereof, the Tendons, being first united are terminated. And therefore the Interossean Muscles acting together, do keep the Fingers both stretched out, and one close to another, just as we hold out hands when we swim.

Moreover you shal observe two Muscles, which are as it were external interos∣seans,* 1.270 which are spred without, upon the ••irst and fourth bone of the Metacarpi∣um, the one of which called f 1.271 Hypothenar, is Peculiar to the little Finger, and* 1.272 may be divided into two.

It arises from the third and fourth Wrist bone of the second Rank, and is side∣wales inserted into the Joynts of the same Finger, to draw the same towards the outside.

The other belongs unto the fore Fingers, and lying beneath the Antithenar, it* 1.273 it grows out of the inner Part of the first bone of the Thumb and is inserted into the Joints of the Fore Finger, to draw the same unto the Thumb. So that it may be called Musculus Abductor Indicis.

Besides the Tendon of the common extender, it has a Peculiar extensive Mus∣cle,* 1.274 which may be termed Indicator the g 1.275 Pointer, because this Muscle serves the Finger to point withal.

It arises from the middle and external Part of the Cubit, and is inserted by a forked Tendon into the second Articulation: and the other Tendon grows together with the Tendon of the greater extender.

There is a Proper extender ascribed to the little Finger. It arises out of the up∣per* 1.276 Part of the Radius being seated between the Cubitus and the Radius, and it is with a double Tendon planted into the little Finger on the outside thereof, but with another tendon it is mingled with the Tendon of the greater ex∣tender.

Mean while you shal observe the Lumbrical or worm Muscles, which are somtimes three, other whils four, seldom five: which though they are implicated with the Tendons of Musculus Profundus, and are constantly thought to arise there from; yet I conceive, they are bred out of the sinewy and orbicular a 1.277 Ligament of the Wrist, that it might have a firm and stable Original.

Chap. 29. Muscles of the Thumb.

THe Thumb has peculiar Muscles, whereby it alone is bended, extended and moved sidewaies.* 1.278

It is Extended by two long Muscles. One of which arising out of the b 1.279 upper* 1.280 and outward side of the Cubit, goes up upon the Radius, and being carried beyond the Wrist, it is inserted into the first and second Joynt of the Thumb, by a double and somtimes a triple Tendon.

The other arises from the c 1.281 same Part of the Cubit, but lower, near the Wrist, and is inserted into the third Joynt of the Thumb.

The Thumb is bended by d 1.282 one Muscle, which growing out of the Inside of the* 1.283 Cubit, it carryed unto the second and third Joynt thereof.

It is moved sidewais by two Muscles.* 1.284

The Thenar a 1.285 arises from the inside of the Wrist, beneath the Thumb, and is inserted into the second Joynt of the Thumb, to draw it from the Fingers.

The other Muscle termed b 1.286 Antithenar, draw•• the Thumb towards the ••ore

Finger. It grows out of the external side of the first bone of the Metacarpi∣um which sustains the Thumb, and is inserted into the first Joynt of the said Thumb.

It is drawn to the four other Fingers by a c 1.287 Muscle, which being Joyned unto, and seated beneath the Thenar, grows out of the three lower bones of the Metacar∣p••um, and is inserted into the second Joynt of the Thumb. It may be called Hy∣pothenar Pollicis, because it is spread out under the Thenar.

Chap. 30. Muscles of the Chest.

THe Muscles of the Chest are Proper or Common.

Those are said to be Proper, which particularly and properly belong unto the Chest; the Common are such as being destinated to some certain Part, yet do assist the Breast with their help, as Auxliaries, such as are the upper Muscles of the Shoulder blade.

The Chest is widened or lifted up by five Muscles. Three of which are before* 1.288 viz. Subclavius, Serratus major, and the Triangularis or Pectoralis internus. One is hinderly Scituate viz. Posticus Serratus superior: and the fift is the External Intercostal.

The Subclavius arises from the d 1.289 inner part of the Clavicula, near the Shoulder* 1.290 tip, being of a Fleshy substance, and is inserted into the first Rib, near the Brest bone.

The Serratus a 1.291 Major, reaches from the inner Basis of the Shoulder blade, unto* 1.292 six, and somtimes seven Ribs, of which the five lowest are true Ribs, and the two uppermore are bastard one.

The Serratus b 1.293 Posticus Superior, being Scituate beneath the Romboides,* 1.294 grows out of the sharp points or spines of the three lower Vertebras of the Neck, and the first spine of the Back; and ends into the three upper Ribs, and somtime the fourth.

The eleven c 1.295 External Intercostals, hold the place of one Muscle, which is car∣ried* 1.296 Obliquely forward from the lower side of the upper Rib, into the upper side of the lower Rib. Unto those Muscles which widen the Chest, we must add the Di∣aphragme or Midrif.

The Triangular Muscle, growing out of the middle and inner Part of the Brest∣bone,* 1.297 is inserted into the Gristles of the lower Ribs, as far as the third or fourth bastard Ribbs.

Three Muscles there are which Contract the Brest, the Sacro-Lumbus, Inter∣costalis* 1.298 internus, and Serratus Posticus inferior.

The Sacro-Lumbus, takes its original from the Os d 1.299 Sacrum and the Spiny pro∣ductions* 1.300 of the Loins, and is terminated into the upper Ribs, near unto their Roots; bestowing upon each Rib a double Tendon or Tendinous handle or claspe, an in∣ternal and an external; and therefore it serves both to depress the Ribs and to raise the Back-bone, when it is bowed and bended forward.

The Eleven internal Intercostals, which fil up the spaces between the Ribs, are* 1.301 reckoned to be but one Muscle. It is carryed obliquely from the nether Rib to the upper more. It has Fibres contrary to those of the external, cross wise inter∣sected.

The Serratus Posticus f 1.302 inferior, growing out of the spines of the three lowest* 1.303 Vertebraes of the Back, and the first of the Loins, is Terminated into three or fower of the lower Ribs.

This same Serraticus Posticus inferior, is just opposite to the Serraticus Posti∣cus superior, and both of them by a broad and Membranous Aponeurosis, do so grow together, that they serve instead of a band to bind and keep together the hinder Muscles of the Back-bone.

Others do ad eight Muscles of the Belly, because more Muscles are requisite to cause violent Exspiration.* 1.304

Chap. 31. Of the Midrif.

THe Diaphragme or Midrif is an a 1.305 admirable kind of Muscle, both in regard of* 1.306 its composition and continual Action, whiles it does night and day incessantly fan the Natural and Vital Parts, serving nevertheles as a Wal of partition to sever the one from the other.

It arises from the Circumference of the bastard Ribs, through which it is oblique∣ly* 1.307 drawn about, as far as to the Vertebraes of the Loins: the end or Sinewy Part thereof, is in the Nervous Centre.

When we draw in the Air, it is contracted and bent, and when it draws the lower* 1.308 Ribs downwards and of convex becomes straight and even. When we blow the Air out, it is by help of the Mediastinum drawn upwards, and of straight is made Convex or bunching like the surface of a Bucklar.

Chap. 32. Muscles of the Back and Loyns, wherewith the Back-bone is moved.

THe Back is not moved, because of the Ribs interposed, and the Penury of Muscles* 1.309 both internal and external; it has indeed Muscles spred upon the outside thereof, but they are for another use. So that between the Neck and the Loyns it remaines immovable, whiles the extream Parts are moved.

Now the motion is made in the last Vertebra of the Back which is received on all hands by its neighbouring Vertebraes, and receives none; and because it is Con∣tiguous with the Loins, The Motion is attributed to the Loyns rather than to the Back: although it belong to the whol Back-bon.

The Back-bone therefore, as the Loyns, are bowed and extended and drawn to the sides.

They are bowed by two Muscles, on each side one. The Musculus a 1.310 Quadratus* 1.311 takes its rise from the hinder Part of the Os Ilij and from the inner side of the Os Sacrum, being inserted into the transverse Apophyses of the Loins as far as the last Rib, and of a Fleshy substance.

I for my Part would rather say it arises from the transverse Productions or Apo∣physes of the two lower Vertebraes of the Back and the last Rib, that it might toge∣ther with the oblique descending Muscles and the straight ones, stir and move for∣wards the whol frame of the Ossa Ilium.

The Muscles of the Abdomen which serve for Inspiration or drawing in of the Air, do also further the bending of the Loyns and of the whol Back-bone; for whiles they bear down the Chest, they do withal bow the Back-bone▪ if lying along upon your Breech, you would lift up the Trunk of your Body; or would leap up upon your Fee••, without the Assistance of your Hands.

The Loins are distended by four Muscles, on either side two, which are so in∣folded* 1.312 al along the Back-bone, that either we must make so many pares, as there are Vertebraes, or we must say there is only one Pare of Muscles distributing Ten∣dons to al the Vertebraes, according to the Opinion of Ga••en.

The Semi-Spinatus Muscle, takes a b 1.313 sinewy beginning, from al the Spines of* 1.314 the O•• Sacrum, and ends into the transverse Apophyses of the Loyns and whol back.

The Musculus Sacer▪ with a c 1.315 pointed Fleshy beginning grows out of the hinder Part of Os Sacrum and terminates into the Roots of the Spiny points of the Verte∣braes of the Back,

The Spina or Loins are laterally moved, when the Muscles on the contrary side do act by themselves, both the benders and extenders.

It the Muscles which extend the Spina or Back-bone, are opposite to the oblique Muscles of the Belly descendent and the stiaight ones, which move the frame of Ossa Ilii, they must needs grow out of the upper Parts of the Spine, that they may be inserted into the Ossa Ilium and Os. Sacrum. And although they arise from the upper Parts of the Spina, they wil nevertheless serve to erect the Spina; and they wil be ever more Antagonists against the Muscles which bend the Spina, viz. The Quadratus▪ and the ▪Musculus Obliquus ascendens.

For they receive Nerves, as wel in their upper as middle Parts.

Chap 33▪ Muscles of the Belly:

BEcause those ^a ten Muscles, which are found displayed upon the Belly, were accuratly discribed, At the beginning of the first Book, I wil not here repeat them, because they are excepted from this Discourse.

Chap. 34. Of the Motion of the Ilium Bones and Os Sacrum Joyned together.

THe frame of the Ilian Bones and Os Sacrum Joyned together, is moved back∣ward* 1.316 and forward in the Genial Embracements tending to Procreation.

The said Conjunction of bones is moved forwards by the ^b Right and Oblique ^• de∣scending Muscles of the Belly, the Chest resting and the Thighs remaining unmoved, unless they follow the Motion of the Ilium Bones.

It is moved backwards by the Musculus a 1.317 Sacer and the b 1.318 Semispinatus, which* 1.319 arise from the upper Parts of the Back: which I have demonstrated by many reasons and experiments in my Anthropographia.

Chap, 35. Muscles of the Testicles.

THey are Proper or Common.

The Proper is that which is peculiar to each Testicle calledc 1.320 Cremaster. It* 1.321 grows out of the lower a 1.322 fore Part of the spine of Os Ilium: or rather it is the fag-end of the Oblique ascending Muscle, bordering upon the Os Pubis, whose Flesh is redder, thinner and as it were severed from the Flesh of the said oblique ascendent Muscle. •••• ••••••olds ext••••nsecally the production of the Peritonaeum, and is carried together with the Seminary Vessels unto the Testicle.

It draws the Testicle upwards and retains it suspended in that Posture.

The Common Muscle is the Membrane of the Scrotum or Cod termed d 1.323 Dartos,* 1.324 being a Continuation of the Fleshy Membrane. And this Musculous Membrane suspend both the Testicles.

Women have likewise their Cremaster, shorter than that of Men, Scituate upon the production of the Peritonaeum.

Chap, 36, The Bladders Muscle.

LEst the Urin collected in the Bladder should run out of it self against ones wil;* 1.325 their is a e 1.326 round fleshy Muscle which being rould back over the Prostatae, does

shut the bladders Neck; and being made broad it expels the Urin; and by wring∣ing or squeezing the Prostatas or Auxiliary Testicles, it squirts out the Seed in Venereal Conflicts. Now the Neck of the Bladder being Fleshy, performes the office of an internal Sphincter Muscle, and exactly closes the Bladder.* 1.327 * 1.328

Chap. 37. Muscles of the Yard.

THe Yard has four Muscles, two on each side.

Musculusa 1.329 Erector is bred out of the innermore bunching out of the Ischium,* 1.330 and being knit unto the Ligament of the Yard, it reaches sidewaies as far as the middle of the Body thereof. The Accelerator takes his Ri••e not only from the* 1.331 sphincter of the Anus or Fundament, but also from the internal Tuberosity of the Ischium or Huckle-bone, and being with his Mate spred out under the Vertebra or Piss-pipe, it is drawn out as far as to the middle of the Yard.

It hastens the squirting out of the Seed, and forces out the drops of Urin, in the conclusion of Pissing. And because it is in its Original twofold, it may therefore be accounted a double Muscle; but because I attribute that portion which arises from the Tuberosity of the Huckle-bone, unto the Fundament▪ and cal it Levator externus▪ Ani [the external Arse-heaver] therefore the true Accelerator, according to mine, and other Anatomists Opinion, must arise only from the external Sphin∣cter of the Fundament.

Chap. 38. Muscles of the Clitoris.

THe Clitoris in Women represents the Mans Yard, and therefore is furnished with Muscles alike, though not serving for the same of Office. Of which I have treated in my first▪ Book, in the Chapter which describes the Womb▪* 1.332

Chap. 39. Muscles of the Fundament.

I Have descrided the Muscles of the Fundament very sufficiently in the 33. Chap. of my second Book.

Chap. 40. Muscles of the Thigh.

THe Thigh is extended, bended, drawn to a man, and from a Man and oblick∣ly* 1.333 wheeled about.

It is extended when we stand, our Thigh being Perpendicular to our Huckle∣bone, which posture is caused by three Muscles which constitute the Buttocks, and are therefore by Authors termed Musculi Gloutii; that is the Buttock Mus∣cles.

Maximus and ex••imu•• a 1.334 Gloutius, the greatest and outmost buttock Muscle▪ is* 1.335 ••••ed out of the spines of Os Sacrum and more than half of the Ilium Rib; and is inserted▪ four Fingers ••••neath the great Trochanter, where a certain Eminence of the ••one is ••iscer••ed.

Secundus and medius▪ Gloutius, the second and middle buttock▪ Muscle, springs* 1.336 out of the external Pa•••• of the Os Ilium, and is inserted into the great and external Trochanter.

Tertius and intimus c 1.337 Gloutius, the third and innermost buttock Muscle, arising* 1.338 from the outward and lower side of Os Ilium, is implanted into the Top of the great Trochanter.

The Thigh is bended by three Muscles.* 1.339

Primus Lumbaris, The first Loyn Muscle called d 1.340 Psoas, spred over the bodies of the Lumbal Vertebraes, in the Cavity of the belly; is bred out of the transverse Apophyses of the lower Vertebraes of the back, and being carryed along upon the inner surface of Os Ilium, it is inserted into the smal Trochanter.

I have in Men, oftimes found a little Muscle spred over this, which in its original, being of the length and thickness of a Mans little Finger and fleshy, with a smal and flat Tendon is carried above the Psoas, and when it is come to the Illiac, it looses it self into a broad and very strong Aponeurosis, which firmly combiness the Iliac and Psoas Muscles. And therefore I conceive it is added, in strong Men, that it might straitly embrace the Psoas and hold it firmly in its seat.

It is called Pa••vu•• Psoas, and is more rarely found in Women than in Men: Howbeit in the year 1631. In a very stout Virago or kind of Mol Cut-Purse, it was my hap to see one of these Muscles, she having been hangd for Robberies and Murthers by her committed.* 1.341

Iliacus Musculus, the Iliac Muscle, takes its rise out of the a 1.342 internal Cavity of* 1.343 Os Ilium, and being by its Tendon Joyned with the lumbal Muscle, it is termina∣ted between the great and little Trochanter,

b 1.344 Pectineus Musculus, The Combe Muscle shootes out of the upper Part of Os* 1.345 Pubis, and is inserted a little below the Neck of the Thigh, on the foreside.

The Thigh is drawn to the inside by the Musculus Triceps or c 1.346 three headed* 1.347 Muscle, which has three originals and as many distinct Insertions.

One of its Heads arises from the upper▪ Part of the share bones or Ossa Pubis; the* 1.348 other arises from the middle of the said bones, and the third from the lowest Part of the said bones▪ and they are inserted into the hinder line of the Thigh, being dis∣posed by course.

The Action of this Muscle is strong and Praevalent, drawing the Thighs inward, when we Climbe Trees, ascend to the Main mast and Ride on Hors-back.

This trebble headed Muscle is the first that receives the Excrementitious Humors of the body which fal into Legs, because of the Vessels which pass that way.

The Thigh is drawn to the outside by very smal Muscles, because the drawing of* 1.349 the Thigh outwards is not very necessary.

The Musculi Quadrigemimi, are four little Muscles, interchangably placed up∣on* 1.350 the Articulation of the Thigh in the hinder▪ Part thereof.

The first and a 1.351 uppermost of the Quadrigemini being longer than the rest and as* 1.352 it were p••ar fashiond, is by others termed Iliacus externus. It arises from the lower and external Part of Os Sacrum.

The b 1.353 second of the Quadrigemini, arises from the Tuberosity or bunchy▪ Part* 1.354 of the Huckle-bone.

The third which is contiguous unto the former, arises from the same Part, and* 1.355 these three are inserted into the Cavity of the great Trochanter.

These three of the Quadrigeminal Muscles, being included in the Cavity of the great Trochanter, do serve likewise to thrust downwards or lengthen out the Thigh When it is stretched a little beyond its natural length, which▪ you may observe in a Man that l••••s upon his Back, with his body and Leg streched out.

They perform this Action in the same manner as the Pterygoideus internus, in∣terposed between the two Jaws, does drive the lower Jaw forwards.

The Quartus Quadrigeminorum c 1.356 Quadratus, is broader and more fleshy than* 1.357 the other three, being distant from the third of the Quadrigemini two Fingers

breadths; and is propagated from the inner Part of the Procuberance of the Huckle-bone, and fastened into the external Part of the great Trochanter.

The Thigh is obliquely wheeled about by the two Obturators, the external and* 1.358 the internal.

The Internal d 1.359 grows out of the inner Circumference of that hole which is in the Os Pubis or share bone; and being carryed along thorough that hollowness which is between the Knob of the Huckle-bone and its Acetabulum or Socket, it is by a tripartite Tendon inserted into the Cavity of the great Trochanter.

Its Tendon is folded up and inclosed by the second and third Quadrigeminal Muscles, which resemble a purse. Its action is to direct the external wheeling mo∣tion of the Thights.

The Externus ^a Obturator, taking its revolution from the external Circum∣ference* 1.360 of that hole, which is in the share, and being Circumducted through the Neck of the Thigh as through a pully, it is carryed unto the Cavity of the great Trochanter under the fourth Quadrigeminal Muscle.

It governs the internal wheeling motion of the Thigh.

When the Quadrigeminal Muscles and the Obturatores, are soaked in Wheyish Humors, they cause most bitter pains, which counterfeit the true Sciatica, and lengthen the Thigh, as if it were half out of Joynt, which is diligently to be noted and distinguished.

Chap. 41. Muscles of the Leg.

THe Leg is Joyned with the Thigh, by that kind of Articulation which is called* 1.361 Gynglymus, and therefore it is only moved by bending and extending; but because the Articulation is loose, it suffers a man to draw his Leg sidewaies: for which Cause Laurentius and other latter Anatomists, wil have the Leg to be turnd inwards and outwards by certain Muscles ordained to that end.

It is drawn inwards or towards the other Leg, by the Sutorius, a very long Muscle. It is drawn outwards or from the other Leg, by a Membranous Muscle, or broad sw••th. I leave it free for any Man thus to divided the Muscles, which I distinguish into benders and extenders.

The Leg is bent by four hinder Muscles.* 1.362

The first of those four, is called b 1.363 Semi-Nervosus, the Half sinnew Muscle. It arises from the Tuberosity or bunching Part of the Huckle, and ends in the hinder and inner Part of the Leg.

The other is termed c 1.364 Semi-Membranosus Musculus, the Half Membranary Muscle, which proceeds from the same bunching▪ Part of the Hip or Huckle-bone, with a beginning which is Nervous and Membranous; and with a larger Tendon, is inserted into the inner and hinder Part of the Leg.* 1.365

The Muscle a 1.366 Biceps springs from the foresaid Tuberosity of the Hip or Huckle∣bone,* 1.367 and being carryed along the outward Part of the Thigh, about the middle thereof it becomes fleshy, which fleshyness I have seen separated as a second Muscle, as far as the Head. It is by one only Tendon inserted, into the ourward Part of the Leg.

The fourth being commonly termed Posticus b 1.368 Gracilis, arises from that •…•…ne* 1.369 which shews where the Hip-bone and the Share-bone grow together, and descen∣ding along the Inside of the Thigh, it is inserted into the inner Part of the Leg.

The Muscle called c 1.370 Poplitaeus, is to be reckoned among the ••••••ders, it lies lurk∣ing* 1.371 in the Cavity of the Ham, above the Head of the Soleum. It arises out of the external swelling or bunching out of the Thigh, and is Obliquely inserted into the hinder and upper Part of the Leg, which it closely embraces.

The Leg is extended by six Muscles. The first we meet with 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the d 1.372 Membra∣nosus, which is drawn out of the upper spine or sharp point of the I••ian bone and* 1.373 carryed into the fore part of the Leg, or rather of the Thigh, and g••••ts in the Muscles of the Leg it self, like a ^e Membranous ••wath, al save the Musculus sutorius.

This Muscle taking its rise from the upper ^f Spine and fore Rib of the Ilium, and sliding down Obliquely by the inner Parts of the Thigh, ends into the inside of the Leg, which it is said to bring to and place over the other, as Tailors are wont to do when they would sit Cross-Leg'd.

The Rectus ^g Gracilis, Springing out of the lower Spine of Os Ilium, and be∣ing* 1.374 carryed right out al along the Thigh, ends on the fore Part of the Leg, beneath the Epigonatis.

The two Muscles called Vasti do on either side border upon the Rectus Gracilis;* 1.375 the one of which beingh 1.376 External, arises out of the Root of the great Trochanter, and is inserted into the Leg, a little below the Patella, on the out-side.

The other which is a 1.377 internal, arises from the Root of the smal Trochanter, and* 1.378 fals into the inside of the Leg, a little below the Patella.

The Muscle termed b 1.379 Crureus placed under the two Musculi Vasti, springs out of* 1.380 the fore bone of the Thigh, between the two Trochan••ers, and cleaving to the whol body of the Thigh, it produces its Tendon over the Epigonatis, unto the fore part of the Leg.

These five Muscles, the Re••tus, the Gracilis, Duo Vasti and the Crural Muscle, being united al together about the Knee, the produce one only Tendon, very broad and strong, wherewith the Patella is infolded.

Chap. 42. Muscles of the Feet.

AS the Hand is divided into three Parts, so is the Foot into the Tarsus, Me∣tatarsus* 1.381 and Phalanx or Row of Toes. And as in the H••nd, the Wrist is moved while the Parts after the Wrist remain unmoved: so in the Foot, the Tar∣sus is moved, the Metatarsus remaining unmoved. And therefore the Tarsus is bowed, when it is moved forward, and it is extended, when it is forced back∣wards.

In the meane while you shal observe that the bowings of the Members in the whole Leg and Foot are contrary; in the hand they are like one another, for the conveniency of taking up of any thing; in the Leg and Foot they are contrary, to make us stand firme, and for the performance of different actions. For the flexi∣on or bowing of the Thigh is performed forwards, the bowing of the Leg is perfor∣med backwards▪ the bowing of the Foot is done ••orwards, the bowing of the Toes of the Foot, backwards.

The Foot is bowed by two Muscles seated before, which are called Tibiaeus and* 1.382 Peronaeus.

The Tibiaeus c 1.383 anticus, taking its rise from the upper Epiphysis of the Leg neare* 1.384 the Fibula, and cleaving to the Tibia all along, about the middle of the bone, it degenerates into a Tendon, which beneath the d 1.385 Ring-fashion'd Ligament of the Foot, is ••••it into two Tendons, the one of which is inserted into the O•• primum innominatum or first nameless bone, and the other is lengthened out as far as to the Bone of the Me••ata••sus which is placed unde•• the Great Toe.

The Peronae•••• a 1.386 Ant•••••••• is in it•• Original ••oyned to the Peronaeus Posticus, al∣though* 1.387 though both •••••• Tendons are d••awn through the cleft of the external Ankle, yet in their ••nd and inse••••ion they are separated. The Anticus has its rise from the middle

and external part of the Perone, and being led through the cleft of Malleolus ex∣ternus, it is inserted on the foreside into the bone of the Metatarsus, which su∣steines the little Toe.

The Foot is extended by the after Muscles. The first and outmost are the* 1.388 b 1.389 Gemell•• or twins, so called because they are equal ••n Bulke, Strength and Action. They are al••o termed Gastrocnemij, because they make the Belly or swelling of the Calf o•• the Leg: and the one of them is internal, placed in the inner side of the Ti••i•• or shank, the other is external, and possesses the outside thereof.

The internal Twin-Muscle, arises from the inner knob of the Thigh; the external* 1.390 Twin-Muscle arises from the ex••ernal knob of the said Thigh. They are severed in the•• beginning, but grow together at l••st into one Belly, which by a strong Tendon is ••engthened out unto the hinder part of the Heel. Vesalius was the first that ob∣••erved that. To several beginnings of every one of them, there are several little* 1.391 Bones placed like unto Se••amine Seeds or like Tares or Ve••ches, to the end that with their smooth and slippery surface, being placed between the Muscles and the Bones, they may hinder the Muscles from being hurt, when the leg is turned this way or that way.* 1.392

Plantaris d 1.393 Musculus, which lu••ks between the Twins and the Soleus, arises from the external knob of the thigh, being fleshie on the upper part, and quickly ending into a very ••mal and longish tendon, it is drawn under the Heel, by the in∣ner Ankle-bone, and diffused into the sole of the Foot.

It performes the same office in the Foot as in the hand; that the Foot might an∣swer to the hand, and that whilest the Foot is hollowed, the Skin, by the Tendons lieing under, might be firmly fastened.

The a 1.394 Soleus, a broad and thick Muscle, takes its original from the upper part of* 1.395 the Leg, or from the upper and hinder closure of the Tibia and Perone; and is in∣serted by a tendon mixed with the Gemelli or Twins, into the hinder part of the Heel.

Under the Muscle Soleus remarkeable vessels have their passage, both Veins, and Ar••eries and Nerves: whence it comes to pass that the pains of the Calfe of the Leg are deep and lasting.

Of the T••ins and the Soleus mingled together in their inferior parts, is made that* 1.396 same common Tendon, which is so exceeding thick and strong, which Hippocrates terms the Cho••da m••gna, the Hurts, Brui••es and wounds whereof, do cause death.

The foot is extended by two hinder Muscles, the Tibiaeus posticus and the Pero∣naeus* 1.397 posticus.

The Tibiaeus posticus does arise from the upper part of the Tibia, and being a••••••xed to the whole bodie thereof, through the cleft of the inner Anckle bone, it produces two Tendons, the one of which ends at the Scaphoidean Bone, and the other is carried as far as to the primum Os innominatum.

The Peronaeus c 1.398 Posticus, does arise from the upper and hinder part of the* 1.399 Perone, And being carried with the Peronaeus anticus through the cleft of the ex∣ternal ankle bone into the bone of the Metatarsus, which sustaines the greate toe, under the sole of the Foot, it transmits its broad, hard and gristly kind of Tendon, under the Tendinous head, of that Mass of flesh, which does produce its internal inter-osseans.

The Mu••cles Peronaeus anticus and Posticus, as they are distinct in their origi∣nal, so are they also distinct in their insertion, although they are drawen through the pulley of the external ankle: but the Tendon of the other Peronaeus Flexor, is i••serted into the outside of the Os metatarsi which susteines the little Finger.

The Tendon of the other Peronaean Muscle, whose office is to extend the part,

being scituate behind, is carryed further and more inwardly under the M••scle called Pediaeus. These two tendons are separated one from another, b••••ng inclosed in two distinct sheaths or scabberds, of a nerve-gristly substance.* 1.400

Chap. 43. Muscles of the toes.

THe Toes have their proper Muscles, fitted to procure their bending, extending,* 1.401 and lateral motion from one side to another: also their tendons are compre∣hended within a Ring-fashioned or circular and transverse a 1.402 ligament, which does incompass them beneath the Ankles, just as we see in the Wrist.

They are extended by the Musculu•• longus and Brevis.* 1.403

The longus, or b 1.404 long-Toe-stretcher called in Greek Cnimodactylius, takes its rise from the fore and inner side of the Tibia, there where it is joined to the Fibula, lurking close under the Tibieus anticus, and goes down-right all along the Fibula, till haveing passed the Ring-fashioned ligament, it ends into the three Articulations of the c 1.405 foure Toes that it might at once and by one motion, move the three ••oyntings of the foure Toes aforesaid.

Brevis Digitum tensor, or the d 1.406 short Toe-stretcher, or Pediaean Muscle, springs* 1.407 out of the Heel and the external and upper part of the neighboring Astragalus or bone so called, and being spred under the Superior, it is with its tendons inserted into all the Joynts of the Articulation.

The Tendons of these Muscles, as well the long as short, do pass cross-wise one over another, above the Metatarsus.

The Toes are bowed by two Muscles the Brevis and Longus, which answer to* 1.408 these Muscles of the hand which are called Profundus and Sublimis.

Longus e 1.409 Digitum flexor the Long Toe-stretcher called also Pero-dactyleus, arises out of the hinder and upper part of the Perone or Fibula, and being carryed along under the inner anckle, through a peculiar cavety of the Heel, it is divided into foure tendons, which are drawne through the slits of the short Toe-bending Te••∣don (as we see likewise in the Hand) and then inserted into the third Joynt of foure Toes.

Brevis a 1.410 Digitum flexor, or the Pediaeus internus, or short Toe-Bender, springs* 1.411 from the inner and net her part of the Heel, and being parted into foure▪ it is termi∣nated into the second Articulation of the Toes.

The Tendons of this Muscle have holes bored in them for the Long Toe-benders Tendon to pass through.

Moreover, the Toes are drawn sidewaies by the Interossean Muscles. They are* 1.412 eight in number, foure internal and as many external, which are otherwise disposed in the foote than they are in the hand.

The b 1.413 external arise from the spaces of the Bones of Metatars••s: the internal,* 1.414 being scituate in the c 1.415 Hollow of the foote, and knit unto the bones, and seeme to take their original from that lump of d 1.416 Flesh, which possesses and fils up that same Cavity of the Bones of the Metatarsus: but the membrane being taken away, they are seene to arise from one nervous pointed or acuminated Original, fixed on the in∣side neare the Heele, and divided into four tendons, and to end into the second Arti∣culation, whereunto the worme-fashiond or lumbrical Muscles do cleave.

And therefore the external inter-ossean Muscles, doe fill up the empty spaces of the Bones of Metatarsus.

The Lumb••ical or wo••••-fashion'd e 1.417 Muscles, do not arise from the tendons of the long Toe-bender, as in the Hand, but from a fle••••y lumpe, which lies hid under∣neath the short Toe-bender; and that has its original from the Heel.

Chap. 44. Muscles of the Great Toe.

THe great Toe f 1.418 Bender, being scituate neare the long Toe stretcher, and of a* 1.419 fleshy substance, arises out of the upper Part of the fibula, where it is joyned with the Tibia, and passing along under the inner Ankle bone and the Sole of the Foote, it is inser••ed into the first bone of the Great Toe: and before it comes unto the second bone a little Sesamoidean Bone is preposed; and the Tendon for secu∣rities sake is intercepted, with two greater Sesamoidean Bones.

Somtimes under the sole of the Foot it is divided into two Tendons, the one of which is transmitted to the great Toe, the other to the second of the little Toes; and then the great Toe-bender is divided only into three.

Extensor a 1.420 Pollicis the great Toe-stretcher, arises from the external side of the* 1.421 Tibia, where it is separate from the Fibula and creeping along the surface of the Foote, it is inserted into the whole great Toe, in its upper side. The other ends in∣to the Bone of Metatarsus, which is spred beneath the great Toe.

The great Toe and the little Toe, have two notable Muscles, externally scituate,* 1.422 which draw these Toes outwards from the rest▪ so that one of them, being exter∣nally fastened unto the bone of the Metata••sus, which is placed under the great Toe, is termed Abductor b 1.423 Policis, the Drawer aside of the great Toe.

The other being externally spread upon the first ••one of Metatarsus, may be* 1.424 called Abductor c 1.425 minimi digiti, the drawer aside of the little Finger. It answers to the T••enar and Hypo••henar of the Hand.

Furthermore the Great Toe has in the sole of the Foot another Transverse* 1.426 d 1.427 Muscle, like the Anti-thenar, which arising out of the Ligament of that Bone of the Metatarsus which is placed under the least or next Toe, and going obliquely upon the other Bones, it ends with a strong Tendon into the first Joynt of the great Toe, beneath the same.

This Muscle is opposed to to the Abductor, that it might draw the great Toe back againe.

The flesh being taken away, we find a threefold or fourfold Membrane, I suppose it is that M••ss of flesh which fils the Cavitie of the sole of the foot.

In the lowest p••••t of the Foote which is termed Vestigium, there is contained a* 1.428 a 1.429 Lump of flesh which ••ils up the Cavity and empty space of the first Joynts: from whence writers say Tendons are drawn to the several Toes.

I coneive the use of this flesh is rather to strengthen the Toes and to combine their* 1.430 first Articulations, than to move the same, also like a soft Cushion, it is spred under the Tendons of other Muscles.

Chap. 45. An Introduction to the Art of Muscular-Dissection, shewing an Accurate Method to cut up the Muscles of the whol Body.

Whosoever has perfectly learned the History of the Muscles, will easily under∣stand* 1.431 the Art of their Dissection, and be able of himself without any help, to administer this part of Anatomcal section, which many account the hardest of all, provided he diligently observe the Method which I here deliver. And therefore ha∣ving finished our Myologi•• or History of Muscles, Myotome or the Art of their Dis∣section, will seasonably follow.

The Frontal Muscle.

The Skin of the forehead, being circulary cut off above the Eye-brows and drawn* 1.432 away as far as to the Coronal Suture, or to the beginning of the Haires, you meet with the two frontal Muscles, which are most exactly to be separated from the frontal or forehead bone which lies beneath, beginning from above and cutting all away into the very Eye-browes. They are in the middle of the Forehead distinct one from another.* 1.433

The Orbicular Muscle of the Eye-Lids.

The Skin of the Eye-Browes and of the whole face being industriously dissected,* 1.434 there appears a double a 1.435 orbicular Muscle, which does circularly cover the socket of the Eye a Fingers-breadth on al sides, and is spred under each Eye▪ lid. Also, you shal ••ind the Musculus Ciliaris, s••ierched out orbicularly under the Tarsus.

Muscles of the Lips.

After wards, the whol Face being made bare and the Skin flead off, a little be∣low* 1.436 the Eye-hole, we meet with a little lean longish Muscle, placed athwart and called c 1.437 Zygomaticus. For it is produced from the Zygoma unto the opening of the Lips. This Muscle must be separated from the Fat; for much Fat (which is also crowded into the Muscles) does cover the whole face, which you shal pluck away with your nailes or with a paire of pinsers, or with a very sharp pen-knife, that the Musculous flesh may more evidently be distinguished.

From the Zygoma towards the Lips, you shal search for five Muscles besides* 1.438 the Zygomatick muscle: and you shal find two above the upper Lip; each of which is exactly to be separated from the other. That Muscle which is neerest the Zygoma, belongs unto the neather Lip, which is lifted up thereby. The other be∣ing* 1.439 very neare to the e 1.440 Nost••ils, is reckoned to belong to the upper Lip. The lateralf 1.441 Muscle broad and Fleshy which opens and forms the Cheeks, and there∣fore is called Bucco, must not be stirred out of its place.

In the neather jaw, as far as to the middle of the lower Lip, you shal search for* 1.442 two ▪Muscles▪ having first taken away the skin.* 1.443 * 1.444

That a 1.445 which is nearest the Chin, does depress the lower Lip. That which lies b 1.446 beyond next the Masseter or fastend to the Corner of the mouth, drawes the up∣••er Lip downwards. These two Muscles, though most ••••actly united, are yet di∣stinguished one from another by the various posture of their fibres; namely, in as∣much as the Fibres of the former Muscle, do ••eeme to go upwards from the Chin to the 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 do it were constitute a pyramidal Muscle, whose Basis rests be∣neath and its top reaches to the Lip: the Fibres of the other Muscles do ascend unto the Meeting of the Lips.

Muscles of the Nose.

The Skin of the Nose being curiously taken away, two Muscles discover them∣selves* 1.447 being ••••st••ned unto the bones and laps of the Nos••••ils, which arising▪ out of c 1.448 the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 between the Eye-Browes, are carried into the laps of the Nostrills.

Other Anatomists ad (but only in such as have great Noses) two little▪ d 1.449 Muscles* 1.450 spred athwart upon the ends of the Nose laps, which widen the Nostrils, as the former do lift them up.

Other Anatomists ad (but only in such as have great Noses) two little d 1.451 Muscles* 1.452 spred ath••art up in the Ends of the Nose-Laps, which widen the Nostrils, as the former do lift them up.

In the Inter••m you shal observe, that all these Muscles are so strictly conjoined, that one of the Lips, or the Nose cannot be moved without the motion of the Neighbo∣ring parts.

The internal Muscles of the Nostrils are seldome found, and only in such as have ••olly ••oating Noses.

The Temporal Muscle.

That same thick and fibrous Flesh which is situat between the smaller Corner* 1.453 of the Eye and the Ear, is called the e 1.454 Temporal Muscle; whose tendon being drawn along under the Zygoma, is f 1.455 terminated into the Top of the lower Jaw.

The Masseter Muscle.

From the lower part of the Zygoma, arises the Muscle a 1.456 Masseter, which makes* 1.457 up the fleshy sides of the Face. It is inserted into the Corner of the Lower Jaw; and •••• may be divided into two, the internal and external fibres being cro••s-waies intersected.

The Parotick Kernels.

Above the Joynt of the lower Jaw, behind the Ears, there are scattered certain* 1.458 Kernels, of which one great kernel is made, called Parotis. this cannot be seen unless the broad Muscle, which reaches unto the Eare, b••torn away. This Kernel being plucked out, you may proceed to the Mu••cles of the Eares.

The Muscles of the Eares.

Although the Eares in Man-kind remaine firme and immoveable, yet have they their b 1.459 proper muscle placed behind them. The first is a very litle one, divided into two or three fleshy fibres, very friendly imbraceing the ligament of the Earth. you must search for it at the root of the Ear.

The other Muscles of the Eare, are only portions of the frontal muscle, the br••ad Muscle, and the Hinder-Head Muscle; all which are bred out of the fleshy pan∣nicle.

The Muscles of the Eye.

Within the Eye-hole are contained seven Muscles, such as are the Attollens Pal∣pebram* 1.460 the Eye-lid li••••er, Four straight ones and two oblique. Six of these arise out of the deepeest part of the Eie-ho••e;

You shall find two above the globe of the Eye, of which the one being first in si∣tuation,* 1.461 is thea 1.462 Lifter-up of the upper Eye-lid; and the other is called Attollen••b 1.463 Oculi the Eye-Lifter. You shal search for three otherc 1.464 streight Muscles, every one •••• its sitvation suitable to the action which it is to perform.

•••••• you shall diligently observe the six•• ^d large oblique Muscle, which at the* 1.465 great corner of the Eye, or by the space betweene the Eye-browes above the Teare∣pipe or foramen lachrymale, runs back about the Cartilage or Gristle, as about a pulley, or as a bridle about the Annulary or ring-fashioned ligament.

Be very careful that you do not break this Conjunction. For which cause you shall begin your Anatomical administration of the Eye▪ in that place, that is to say from the greater corner of the Eye, that you may pre••erve entire thee 1.466 Pul••y and the

Insertion of the Te••don, which is inclosed within a small nervous Ligament which receives the Te••don it self, and accompanies the same unto the Eye. The flesh of that muscle is fixed to the boney sides of the Eye-Hole at the greate•• corner.

The septimus Musculus Obliquusf 1.467 minor, seventh Muscle, being the lesser of the* 1.468 crooked ones, is bred out of the inside of the lower part of the Eye-hole, near the Tearg 1.469 Kernel, and taking its revolution above the Muscle Humilis, but below thei 1.470 Indigna••ori••s: it is terminated aloft upon the Globe of the Eye, by the Muscle calledk 1.471 supe••bus.

In he Ana••omical Dissection of the Eye, this Muscle is to be lookt a••ter in the second Place, and to be warily preserved, least we teare it in peices, while we seek for the rest.

If with the point of your Pen-knife you pluck back the Coat of the E••e called Conjun••••va, you shall see that all the Muscles of the Eye, do Terminate by a fine Membranous Aponeurosis (conjunction or Contexture of many Nerves) into the Tunica Cornea. But they do not make a peculiar Membrane, as Columbus imagined, because the Aponeurosis (nerv•• contexture) of every Muscle, is distinct by it self.* 1.472

But you cannot see or demonstrate the Muscles of the Eye, unless with a pair of Scissers you take away the fat placed about them; and a••ter that you have shewn the Muscle which is the Up-lifter of the upper Eye-lid, with the four streight Mus∣cles and the little crooked one.

That you may plainly discover the Obliquus Major or greater Crooked Mus∣cle, with its revolution to the pully, you shall take out the Eye, leaving that greater oblick Muscle, but cutting the rest away with your scissers.

Muscles seated in the Neck.

The Neck, which we make account reaches from the Basis of the Head unto the shoulder-blades, comprehending seven ••••ondyl•• or Vertebra's, has divers Muscles in its fore side; of which some appertain unto the Head, to the Os byoides, some to the Larynx, others to the tongue, and others to the Pharynx.

And first we met with the Musculus a 1.473 ••atus, the broad Muscle, which infolds the* 1.474 whol Neck. It ••••e••ds out of the Clavicul•• and Brest-bone, and being sastened to the Bas•••• of the neather Jaw, it is laterally carryed forth unto the Eare; it must be very exactly se••ara••ed from the Fleshy parts which lie beneath it, because it is an exce••••in•• thin Muscle.

The Musculus Latus being revelled or drawn back, in the fore part of the Neck under the Chin you shal find nine as ••ar as to the Larynx, and beneath the Larynx six.

T••wards the outward part of the Neck, there appeares the thick and round* 1.475 Muscle Mastoid••us, which asce••ds slan••••••g from the Cl••vicula to the Mastoides. this Muscle 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to be separated at its original, that the others may be seene. But observe, by the way, that this Muscle is very often broken asunder by the Halter in such as have bin hang••d.

V••der the Ma••••••ideus there lies l••••keing the Coraco-••yo-ideus, a ••ean and lon∣gish* 1.476 Muscle, ••bl ••k••y str••••ched out ••••om the Scapu••a, to the Os Hyoides, for the re••••action whereof, it is ordained.* 1.477 * 1.478

Then you shall see afterwardes the Carotick Arterie, and the internal Jugular Veine, and the Nerve of the sixt Conjugation, interposed betweene the said two Vessells. And then you shal pass unto the Muscles se•••••• beneath the Laxy••x.

The first which presents it •••••••• is the a 1.479 Sterno••yo-ideu••, which is bred out of the top of the s••er••••m or ••••est▪ bone. Under this lies the c 1.480 Bronchius which belongs to the Larynx.

Then you shal di••••ect and shew the Muscles placed above the Larynx and under the Chin.

The first is Digastricus maxillae internae, or the Twi-bellyed Muscle of the lower* 1.481 Jaw, which is smal and nervie in the middest thereof, that it might be turned back about the Stylo-cerato-ides, and ends into the Chin, inwardly.

There are two Glandules or kernells under the Chin neare neighbors to this Muscle, which in r••eumatick defluxions do often swel. They are termed by Vesa∣lius, I know not why, Animellae. You must remove these Glandules that the rest of the Muscles may be discovered, also you must separate the Digastric or Twi∣belly from the Chin.

Vnder it lies the Muscle d 1.482 Mylohyo-ideus with his Mate most straightly tyed and* 1.483 united, but a line drawn from the no••ch of the Chin as far as to the middle of Os Hyoides within, will shew you how to dissect.

Under this Mylo-hyo-ideus are found two remarkable Nerves, Branches of the Seventh Pair, and the Muscle e 1.484 Genio-Hyo-ideus, rising from the inside of the* 1.485 Chin and ending into the Os Hyodes, but so closely linkt with his Ma••e, that it is di∣stinguished no otherwise, than by a white line which is manifest within.

Under these lurks the f 1.486 Genio-Glossus, by the outer side whereof lies the Melo∣glossus:* 1.487 under which lies the g 1.488 Cerato-glossus, or rather Basiglossus.* 1.489

Afterward you shall come unto the hollow of the Neck under the lower corner* 1.490 of the Jaw, where the Kernel was scituate, which was formerly taken out. In this place is found the a 1.491 Stylo-glossus, which is inserted into the Ceratoglossus.

Beneath there appear two Muscles, the one of which being lean and altogether ••••e∣shy,* 1.492 is called Stylo-hyo-ideus, the other which is next unto it and touches it, being fleshy in its original at the Styloides Process, and small as a st••ing in its middle, is called b 1.493 Digastricus or Twi-belly. The first was observed in the Neck under the Chin.

Under the Stylo-glossus, lies sculking the Stylo-Pharingaeus. Under the corner* 1.494 of the lower. Jaw-bone, there is internally and immediately fastened the Pterygo∣ideus d 1.495 internus; which takeing its rise from the Cavity of the P••erygoides, ends into the Corner of the lower jaw, on the inside. You must not remove it from its posture.

From the Basis of Os Hyo-ides on the outside, presents it self the short Muscle* 1.496 e 1.497 Hyo-thyro-ideus, which is inserted into the middle of the Thyroides. This whol Muscle, is commonly found broken by the Haltar, in such as have been hanged.

Al these Muscles having been shewed and taken away, there appears the f 1.498 Oeso∣phagaeus,* 1.499 a broad and Membranous Muscle spread under the Oesophagus, which it embraces, and is externally terminated in the Wings or Skirts of the Car••ilago Ty∣roides, or Gristle so called.

Muscles of the Larynx, Pharynx and Gargareon.

The Oesophageus being shewed and separated, take away the whol Larynx that you may see those little Muscles which are proper to it. You shal observe eight or ten of them, of which ••ome are ordained to move the Thyroides, and others pertaine to the Arytaenoides.

In the formost and lowest part of the T••••roides, are placed the two Muscles* 1.500 called Crico-arytaeno-idei antici.* 1.501 * 1.502

By the sides and lower Corners of Thyroides are situate the Muscles called a 1.503 Crico-arytaeno-idei ••aterales. In the hindermore and outward side of the Cri∣coides,

you shal find the two Muscles called Cricoarytaenoidei. Haveing separa∣ted* 1.504 the Tyroides, inwardly and towards one side▪ you shal see the Muscle Tyroa∣rytaenoideus. To these is added the d 1.505 circular Muscle insolding the whol Arytae∣noides.

But al these Muscles cannot be seen unless the Osephageus be taken away, and the e 1.506 Paristhmian Kernels pluckt of, with which the Cartilage Thyroides or Gristle so called, is covered.

The Epiglott•••• f 1.507 in Mankind, has no Muscle; in Brutes, two pretty ones are found, which you may see in the Larynx of an Ox. But in Mankind, we find on∣ly a sinewy Ligament, which keeps the Epiglottis continually erected, unless it be depressed with the weight of the Nutriment passing by.

Afterwards you shal search for two other Muscles of the Pharynx, viz. the g 1.508 Spheno∣pharyngeus* 1.509 and h 1.510 Cephalopharyngeus.

And then you may easily find the other two l 1.511 Muscles of the Gargarreon, if you have learned their Originals and Insertions out of the History of the Muscles.

The Muscles of the hinder-part of the Head and Neck.

The Skin being removed, and the Fat of the hinder part of the Neck and of the whole back as far as Os sacrum being pluck away, you shal observe many Muscles; the first of which is called Trapezius or Scapularis, which with the Latissimus does* 1.512 cover the Neck, Back and Loynes, at it were a cloak.

Now the scapular k 1.513 Muscle, which belongs unto the shoulder, its broad end rea∣ching out as far as the Occiput or Hind-part of the Head, does compass al the Mus∣cles of of the Neck, and must in the lower part thereof be separated from the ⁱ La∣tissimus Musculus, and wholly plucked up from the roots of the Spines or pointed Bones of the whole Back-bone as far as to the hinder part of the Head, from which it must be separated, and only left sticking to the shoulder-blade.* 1.514 * 1.515

This Muscle being taken away, the a 1.516 Rhomboides a Muscle of the Shoulder∣blade,* 1.517 must be cut from the spines of the Backbone. Under these lies the b 1.518 Seratus Supernus minor posticus, the upper and smaller Saw-Muscle situate behind.

These Muscles being plucked away as far as to their Insertion, the Muscles of the* 1.519 Head do shew themselves. And the first that occurs is the c 1.520 Splenius.

Neare unto which is placed on the side of the Neck, Levator d 1.521 proprius Scapulae* 1.522 or the Muscle appropriated to pluck up the shoulder; whose orginal cannot be discovered, unless the Mastoideus haveing been shewed, be taken out of the way.

The Splenius Musculus, towards the Roots of the spines of the Neck, being ta∣ken away, there lies under it the e 1.523 Complexus, neare unto which at the side of the* 1.524 Neck, lie certain portions of Musculus Spinatus, and the Sacrolumbus ariseing as high as the second Vertebra of the Neck.

The Complexus being taken away, below the second Vertebra of the Neck, are* 1.525 seen two Muscles which ow their service to the Neck. The first of these is f 1.526 Trans∣versarius, inter-posed between the transverse and Spinie Apophyses of the Neck and Back.

Under this is spread the g 1.527 Semispinatus immediately covering the Bodies of the* 1.528 Vertebra's.

Upon the first and second Vertebras of the Neck, are seen eight smal Muscles,* 1.529 in each side four, of which the two Greater h 1.530 Oblique Muscles, are carried from the transverse Apophysis of the second Vertebra, to the transverse one of the first. The two i 1.531 Recti Majores, do begin at the Spina of the second Vertebra, and end into* 1.532 the Occiput.

Under their upper ends are situate the two Musculi minores, or lesser Muscles,* 1.533

the Streight and the Crooked, or the Rectus and Obliquus. The k 1.534 Minor Rectus lies hid under the Major Rectus, which you shal unloose at the Head and pluck it a side, that the minor Rectus may appeare.

The Muscle called Obliquus a 1.535 minor, is carryed from the Hinderpart of the Head* 1.536 by the Minor Rectus, into the Transverse Apophysis of the first Vertebra: But you must free and lay bare of fat these Muscles, as wel the st••eight as the Oblique or crooked ones, that they may be the more appa••ently seen. And you shal begin your Section of the Muscles of the Head and Neek at the respective Spines or poin∣ted Eminencies of the Back-bone.

When you have viewed the Muscles aforesaid you shal then make diligent search after one that lies closely sci••lking, above the Articulation of the inferior jaw and under the Zygoma; it is sit••••ate upon the external wing o•• Lap of the Pterygoides, and being altogether fleshy and round in a manner, it is •…•…erted into that same sli•• which is interposed between the Coronis and the knob of the Lower Jaw bone.

It may be termed the Pterygoideus Externus to difference it from the Internus* 1.537 described before.

Muscles of the Arme.

These Muscles being administred, you may proceed to others. And first you* 1.538 shal separate the c 1.539 Pectoral Muscle either from the Brest-bone, or from its lowest part, by which it is joined to the Serratus Major.

Meane while observe that the Serratus Minor or d 1.540 Smaller Saw-Muscle, lies* 1.541 under the Pectoral or Ribs: least you should teare the same, whiles you dissect the pectoral Muscle, which you must cut up, as far as to the middle of Clavicula. To which place being come, you shal separate it from the Deltoides or Delta-sha∣ped Muscle, unto which it is fastened by a firme, but obscure band. Then you shal separate the Delto-ides from its original.

From thence you shal proceed to the Muscles which are spred out upon the shoul∣der-blade.* 1.542 One lies upon the Spina or Back-Bone, three are seated beneath the same. That which is Next the Spina, is called e 1.543 Infra-Spinatus.

Next thereunto, is the Rotundus ^f Minor.* 1.544

Beneath that, you find the a 1.545 Rotundus major, stretched out beneath the lower* 1.546 Rib of the Omo-platae or shoulder-blade.

Under the scapula you shal find the Muscle called Immersus o•• b 1.547 Subscapularis: it fills the Hollow of the Shoulder-Blade.

You shal leave the Original and Insertions of those Muscles untouched, only you must separate the sides of one Muscle from another, that they may be dis•…•…∣guished asunder, one from another.

Muscles situate upon the Back and Loines.

From the Omoplata or shoulder-blade, descend unto the Back & loins▪ which pa••••s* 1.548 are covered with a Muscle called Amplissimus and Latissimus, or the c 1.549 Large•••• and broadest Muscle. This Muscle must be separated from the Os Sacrum and the exter∣nal Rib of Os Ilium, as far as to the lower Angle or Coruer of the shoulder-blade, and its insertion at the Os Brachij a little beneath the Neck.

You must while you cut it up at the Spines of the Vertebra's, take heed of spoile∣ing* 1.550 a Mu••••le which lies beneath it, and is termed Serratus* 1.551 posticus infernus, the Hinder and lower Saw-Muscle, being a little one.

Which after you have pluckt off, from its original by the Os sacrum, as far as its Insertion, you shall shew three other Muscles, stretched out from the Os sacrum, all along the Spina or Back-bone.

Of which the first being lateral and seated towards the Ribs, is called e 1.552 Sacro-Lumbus.* 1.553 You shall begin your dissection of this Muscle at the upper part by the Root or the Ribs. A white line of fat wil guide you from the top to the bottome, where you may separate it from the f 1.554 Musculus quadratus which belongs unto the* 1.555 Loins, but in its original it is exceeding hardly separated from the Spinatus.

Note by the way that the Sacro-lumbus does reach as far as the Hinder part of the Head, and that it does bestow a double Tendon upon every Rib.

Now you shal separate the a 1.556 Spinatus from Os sacrum, by easily and gingerly ta∣king* 1.557 away the hard Aponeurosis which is spred out over the* 1.558 Musculus sacer; which being taken off, if you lengthen out your section above, you wil discerne the diffe∣rence between the Spinatus and the b 1.559 Sacer.

Which when you have attained, thrusting your pen-knife streight in, as far as to the transverse Apophyses, you will easily separate those Muscles.

The Spinatus, goes as high as the second Vertebra of the Neck, being in the middest between the Transversarius and the Complexus.

The Spinatus being fastened to the transverse Apophyses, does also arise as far as the Neck.

Muscles of the Breast.

The Bodie being turned and laid with the face upwards, you shall sever the c 1.560 Ser∣ratus* 1.561 Major laterally, and putting in your hand underneath, you shal find it stret∣ched out under the Omoplata or shoulder-blade as far as to the Clavicula. And then you shall see the d 1.562 Muscle subclavius placed between the Clavis and the first Rib.* 1.563

You shall look for the Pectoral Muscle internal or the Triangular Muscle, in the inner part of the Breast-bone pluckt off. Afterwards you shal carefully and gin∣gerly separate the e 1.564 external intercostal Muscle form the f 1.565 internal. The fibres* 1.566 Cross waies interposed, will distinguish the one from the other.

Muscles of the Cubit.

When this is done, you shall returne unto the Arme to make observation of the Muscles of the Cubit, which are seated in the Arme.

Five Muscles do infold the whole Arm, two in the fore parts, and three behind. You shall separate the two Benders of the Cubit, on the former and inner part.

The first, which presents it self is the a 1.567 Biceps or Twi-headed Muscle, which* 1.568 from its Original to its Insertion, may very easily be divided into two. But you must mark, that one Head of the Biceps, which growes out of the Coracoides, has a certain flesh adjoyned to it, which creep along the side of the Pectoral Muscle, as far as to the midle of the Arme, unto which it is fastend most firmly; and this Portion of Flesh makes a Muscle, which is ordained to draw the Arm forwards, which from its original I call b 1.569 Coraco-ideum, the Coraco-idean Muscle.* 1.570

I have observed the Biceps or Twi-Head in a very strong and brawnie Man to be a Triceps or Tri-Head, being exquisitely separated into three parts, both in the O∣riginal and end thereof. The third Head sprang out of the tendon of the pectoral Muscle.

Under the Biceps is placed the c 1.571 Brachieus internus or Inner Arme-Muscle,* 1.572 whose original is at the end of the Muscle d 1.573 Deltoides. This Muscle must be sepa∣rated sidelongs from such as border upon it.

In the outer part of the Arme three Muscles are placed, viz. the Longus, Brevis and Brachieus externus, and beneath the Elbow, the Angoneus is seated.

The external are the e 1.574 Longus and f 1.575 Brevis which embrace that Mass of flesh* 1.576 which makes the Brachieus externus. In their original they g 1.577 are distinguished by the tendon of Musculus ••a••••ss••••nus which comes between them: but at their •…•…on they grow together by a firme and sinewy tendon. And therefore they are easily, in their upper-part, separated from the Brachieus externus; but in their lower parts* 1.578 towards the Elbow, they are very hardly divided from the Brachieus.

Now thus you shal proceed: you shall curiously take away the nervous tendon neare the Elbow, and goeing upwards by little and little, you shal gently 〈…〉〈…〉 on the one side and the other, also inwardly; diligently observeing the line which separates the long Muscle from the short, until you have separated the Brachieus externus; from the Muscles which are placed above it. Then you shall see it 〈…〉〈…〉 from the Bone of the Arme, a little beneath the Neck thereof, with a fleshy substance.

The Muscle Angoneus a 1.579 cannot be seen til you have pulled away the ••••newy mem∣brane wherewith it is covered. It arises at the lower part of the Arme neare the Elbow, lying hid between the Radius and the cubitus, and it is inserted into the Cubit. It is of the Length and thickness of a Mans fore-finger.

Muscles of the Radius, the Wrists, the Fingers, and the Thumb.

In the Cubit you shal find the Muscles of the Radius, the wrists, the Fingers, and the Thumbe. And in the Inside of the Cubit as far as to the wrists, you shal find Nine Muscles; on the outside you shal meet with seven.

In the Inside you shal find them disposed in this Situation and order following.* 1.580 The first that presents it selfe is the Longus b 1.581 Supinator Radij, which arises from the external apophysis of the Arme, and is stretched out upon the Radius.

Next to that, is the Radieus c 1.582 Flexor Carpi, after which follows the d 1.583 Palmaris Remarkable by a very small and very long Tendon.

By the Palmaris is seated the e 1.584 sublimis Digitorum Flexor, and next to it, so as to touch the same, you have the f 1.585 Cubiteus▪ Flexor Carpi.

On the upper part of the Cubit, near the Joint, between the Longus Supinator and the Radieus flexor, the round Head of the Pronator g 1.586 Radij shewes it selfe;* 1.587 which is a very shor•• Muscle, ariseing from the internal Apophy••is of the Arm and obliquely carried to its insertion into the Radius.

Vnder the Radieus, lies the Flexor h 1.588 Pollicis.

Beneath the Sublimis, lies the Profundus i 1.589 Flexor Digitorum, and in the lower* 1.590 part of the Cubit, by the wrists, lies the k 1.591 Quadratus spred under the Tendons of the Muscles, being three Fingers broad, and immediatedly fastened Cross-w••••es, into the Radius and Cubitus.

On the outside of the Cubitus above the Radius, the Extensor a 1.592 Carpi is stretched* 1.593 out.

Next to it, is the Alter b 1.594 Extensor, which is carried obliquely to the Cubit, and being fastened thereunto, takes its course downwards.

Between the Radius and the Middle-part of the Cubitus, the Extensor c 1.595 D••g••to∣rum is placed, which has a parcel of flesh▪ annext unto it, spread under the Muscle of* 1.596 the Extensor Pollicis.

Vnder it, near the Cubit, lies the Extensor parvi Digiti, by the Wrist.

Under the Tendons of the Extensor Digitorum you shal find two other fial Mus∣cles, the one of which is the Extensor d 1.597 Policis, the other is the e 1.598 Indicator ordained to wait upon the Index or Forefinger, whose Tendon is united by certaine Fibres with the Tendon of the Extensor Digitorum.

The dvision of all these Muscles is easie on the upper part of the Cubit, both on the* 1.599 inside, and on the outside, and in the said upper part, you must begin your section. For if you should begin at the Tendons you would multiply Muscles, and make as many Muscles as you find Tendons. Thus therefore, neare the Wrist, on the inner side of the Cubit, you shal distinguish the Tendons of the sublimis and the Prosun∣dus, allotting ••ou•• Tendons to each Muscle, and then take your course upwards.

Radieus Externus extensor Carpi, is termed also Bicoruis twi-horned, by reason of its double Tendon. You may divide this Muscle into two, Muscles, distinct in their original and insertion, but you shall do better to make but one of it.

In the Hand, you shall find Seventeen Muscles.* 1.600

In the Palm or Inside of the Hand there are Thirteen; viz. the four f 1.601 Lumbri∣cales, the g 1.602 Hippothenar, the h 1.603 Thenar, the i 1.604 Anti-thenar, the Abductor Indicis, the Massa Carnea, and the four Interossei a 1.605 interni.

In the outside of the Hand you shal find only the four Interosseib 1.606 externi; with the Tendons of the Finger-stretchers, or of the Thumb-stretcher, and of the little Finger-stretcher.

Muscles of the Abdomen or Belly.

In your anatomical Administration of the Muscles of the Belly you shal thus pro∣ceed. The first you meet with, which must be plucked out, is the Musculusc 1.607 Obli∣quus descendens, which you shal see conjoyned with the ^e serratus major,d 1.608 tooth* 1.609 within tooth, as if the Edges of two S••wes were Put togeher, and Joyned one with∣in another, or as some parts of the Scul are coupled by the sutures. You shal know the difference of the Serratus and Obliquus one from another, by certain white lines and by the different posture of the Fibres. You shal separate the Musculus Obli∣quus from its intanglements with the Teeth of the serratus major, with help of a ve∣ry smal and sharp Pen-knife.

The first tooth is interposed between the Musculus rectus and a portion of the Serratus: the second and thee 1.610 third are very hardly separated. The other four lie lurking under a portion of the Latissinus, not receiving the fleshy Productions of the Serratus.

To bring them therfore into sight, it wil be convenient to pluck up a portion of the Latissimus, as far as to the hinder spine of the Os Illium; and th••n you shal take those four Teeth off from the Ribs, and in conclusion you shal cut off the Muscle, from the whol Rib which appertains to the Os Ilium.

If you be industrious and can endure to take pains, you shal observe that the second, third, and fourth Tooth [or Finger] of this Muscle, doe creep higher up under the Serratus, than vulgar Anatomists imagine, and that this Muscle does there attain a sinewy tendinous Head, which cleaves fast to the lower side of the Rib.

A tendinous Head receives a portion of the intercostal nerve.

For the nerve, when it is come thither, it is divided into two parts, the one of which does insinuate it self into the sinewy Head of the Tooth of the Muscle: the other sticking fast unto the Rib, does make thea 1.611 nervous intersections of the Musculus Rectus. The Muscle being thus cut up, must be turned back upon one side of the Belly.

You shal in the meane while observe, that theb 1.612 Aponeurosis of this Muscle, is bored through near the Os pubis; as thec 1.613 Aponeurosis of the Obliquus ^• ascendens, and of the Transversus are perforated, near the foremost and lowest Spine of the Os Illium; and therfore the Holes of the two oblique Muscles are not set just one against another, but at a distance one after another, that the Gut might not be so apt to fall down into the Groine or Cod.

These Holes are broken in Ruptures into the Cod▪ or else dilated, which are diligently to be observed, in reduceing of the Gut when it is strangled in the Groine.

And if at any time an Incision be made in the Groine, to reduce the Gut, that hole ought to be made wider by Incision, that the Gut may more easily returne into the Bellie.

Above the Obliquus ascendens towards the Hypogastrium, you shal find a little Nerve which insinuates and winds it selfe into the Apophysis of the Peritonaeum that it may be carried to the Testicle, because it penetrates the transverse Muscle. It arises from the Nerves of the Loines, and is a portion of those nerves which are dis∣seminated into the Oblique Ascendent and the Transverse Muscles.

When you have cut thef 1.614 Oblique Ascendent from the Rib of Os Ilium to which it cleaves very fast, you shal bring it to the Loines, where it may be separated from the Transverse. Then you shal separate it from the Ribs themselves as it returnes upwards. And it wil be convenient to turne back this Muscle to the contrary side, after the manner of the primus Obliquus; and when you shal come unto the Muscu∣lus Rectus, you shal observe that this same Oblique Muscle does embrace the Mus∣culus Rectus or streight Muscle above the Navel, and below the Navel it transmies a single Tendon under the Rectus▪ which notwithstanding by the Edge of the Rectus does cleave so obstinately to the Aponeurosis of the Oblique Descendent, that it is not possible by any Art to separate or pul them asunder, without rending them.* 1.615 * 1.616

While you cut the Tendons of the oblique Muscles from the share Bones, be very careful least you mangle the Apophysis of thea 1.617 Peritonaeum which is carryed through those Tendons, and teare theb 1.618 Muscle Cremaster placed upon the said Apo∣physis, and also least you teare the Tendon of the Transverse Muscle lieing be∣neath.

You shal know the Muscle Cremaster by its colour and Consistence. For it is* 1.619 a peice of red flesh, thin, sprinckled with streight fibres, severed some space from the flesh of the Oblique Descendent, and according to the Length of the Groine, in∣closeing the Apophysis of the Peritonaeum. You shal find such a parcel of flesh in women, but shorter and narrower, placed upon the production of the Perito∣naeum.

Between the Oblique ascendent and the transverse Muscle towards the Loins, many veins are seen, which are the ofspring of the Lumbal and the Hypo-gastrick Veins. But you shal take precise notice of two remarkable nerves or sinnewes, which besides the little intercostal twigs inserted into the Teeth of the Oblique Des∣cendent Muscle, do arise out of the two inner Vertebra's of the Back, and creeping obliquely upon the bastard Ribs, are by the last Rib dispersed into the flesh of this Oblique and the Transverse Muscles.

You may conveniently separate thec 1.620 Musculus Rectus following the white* 1.621 Line, but not medling with the ends thereof. If you shal diligently and leasure∣ly pare off the extremities thereof opposite unto the Linea Candid•• or white Line, you wil find the intercostal Nerves which bore their way through the peritonaeum, that they might come unto and constitute the nervousa 1.622 intersections of the Muscle, which now and then are wanting, as I have observed in some Bodies. I have often found two imperfect ones above the Navel; if a third be found, it is alwaies directly opposite unto the Navel; you shal very rarely find a fourth Intersection.

Towards the end of Rectus Musculus, on the inside you shal observe the Epiga∣strica* 1.623 b 1.624 ascendens and the Mammariac 1.625 descendens tod 1.626 meet together about the mid∣dle of the Muscle, where they grow into one by a close Anastomosis.

That which separates the right Muscles is a reale 1.627 white Line streched out from

the xiphoides as far as to the Conjunction of the Share-Bone; and it is simply done of them, who cal the growing together of the nervous conjunctions or Aponeuro∣ses of the Obliquus descendens, the White-Line, seeing the Aponeuroses them∣selves are united continually and not disjoyned by any apparent Line.

In big-belly'd women when their Bellies are very much distended, in the last months of their going with Child, by reason of the Drawing of the Musculi Re•…•… asunder, a certaine black-blewish Line remaines for two or three months after the woman is delivered, which begins at the xiphoides and reaches unto the place where the share-bones grow together, which vanishes away by little and little, the Right Muscles being reunited and growing together againe.

Over the lower end of the Right Muscles lies a smal Muscle called f 1.628 Pyramidalis* 1.629 which you must curiously part into two, and haveing taken away one, you shal see a most strong sinewy Tendon of the Musculus Rectus, fastend to the Os pubis or Share-bone.

The Lef•• Pyramidal Muscle is oft times shorter and narrower than the right.

The transverse g 1.630 Muscle which cleaves to the Peritonaeum, is not easily drawne off* 1.631 yet if you are desirous to take it away, you must cut it from the Loines, and then gently separate it from the Peritonaeum with your fingers alone.

Muscles of the Yard.

In a Mans Yard on either side in the Groine and the peritonaeum you shal search for* 1.632 two Muscles, haveing first removed a great deal of fat wherewith they are covered. The one of these Muscles is a 1.633 Erector Penis the Raiser of the Yard, which a••••ses from the Sphincter Ani or Arse-muscle so called, and is inserted into the hollow and spungy Ligament of the Yard.

The other being placed upon the Urethra or Piss-pipe is called b 1.634 Accelerator or* 1.635 the Speeder, it arises out of the same Tuberosity beneath the spungy c 1.636 ligament of the Yard, although it be fastened by a bit of flesh to the foresaid sphincter or Arse-Muscle, that it may beare up the fundament▪ which fleshy portion or bit of flesh forementioned I am wont to shew for the Levatores externi ani, or external Arse-Heavers.

Muscles of the Fundament.

The Fundament has sixe external Muscles belonging unto it. The Sphincters,* 1.637 and foure external Lifters, for the Levatores interni or inner-lifters do lie ••ut of sigh•…•… women there is a fift Muscle which belongs to the Coccyx or Crupper-Bone.

In the first place you shal anatomise and shew the Sphincter d 1.638 Cutaneus, then another larger red Muscle, and then the side-muscles before and behind, the e 1.639 Le∣vatores which arise out of the tuberosity of the Huckle-bone, you shal seek for them behind the Crupper bone and above the accleratores on the foreside, putting your hand in beneath, or putting in a little knife made of boxe-wood. But you shal more evidently discerne the largeness of the Levator Ani, if you shal take away the Bladder, the Intestinum Rectum or Arse-Gut and the womb of a woman, and withal shal sever the Conjuction of the share-Bones.

For then you shal see a br••ad but thin peice of flesh, drawn out from the Os Sacrum as far as to the Spine of the Os Ischij, underproped with a firme ligament, which is in that space, and produced as far as to the Os Ischij it self: which fleshy Membrane ought to be taken for the Levator: for under it the Obturator Internus is situate.

Besides those Levatores there is another sound to arise from the far••h••st extre∣mity* 1.640 of the Os sacrum and the Crupperbone, viz. a thin and sharp pointed peice of flesh strewed with right fibres, encloseing the lateral parts of the Crupper-bone or

Coccyx on either side, which holds up the Sphincter, and so the external Orifice of the Privy Parts in Women are widened, this Muscle drawing the Crupper-bone backwards, that in Child-birth the passage may be more free for the Infant.

I have seldom seen such a Muscle in the Bodies of men, and the use of it when it is extant in men, is, to render the voidance of Dung more easie, by drawing back the Crupper-bone when men are at stool.

The internal Sphincter (if we must needs admit, and allow of a third) is no o∣ther* 1.641 than a Membranous parcel of flesh, somwhat black and blue, which comprehends the Rectum Intestinum, or Arse-Gut, like a Sheath or Scabberd, being adorned with streight Fibres and interwoven with a few circular ones; which if the Coat of the Guts is fleshy, it differs from that common Coat of the Guts, which covers their in-side. So the Rectum Intestinum is distinguished from the rest, neither is the Scituation of the Membranes, or Coats, varied.

The Bladder-Muscle.

The Bladder-Muscleb 1.642 Sphincter, is placed in a Man above the Prostatae,* 1.643 which it imbraces for the Space of two fingers breadth, and is easily found without the Channel of the Pi••s-pipe: If you shal cut up the Pipe with a pair of Scissers from the N•••• of the Yard, as far as to the Prostatae.

You shal examine if you can find two Sphincters of the Bladder, one beneath, and the other above the Prostatae, which I never observed.* 1.644

Now that part of the Neck of the Bladder, which respects the Bones of the Share, is manifestly fleshy, between the two Kernels called Prostatae▪ and there a two∣fold* 1.645 Sphincter may be allowed; one fle••hy, placed upon the Prostatae, and in that sence above them; but under the Prostatae, is the Membranous Muscle of the Neck of the bladder: the other broad Muscle above the Prostatae, and turned back under the same, wil ••e the Second Sphincter Muscle, because it does circularly imbrace the Prostatae, above and beneath.

The Neck of the Bladder in women, is very neer as long as ones Thumb, being* 1.646 Nervous, Spongy, and black within, like the P••••s-pipe, or Urethra in Men, and compassed about with reddish flesh, which is taken to be the sphincter: and while the Neck of the Bladder in women swells, if you put your finger within the water∣gate, you shall percive an hard and long tumor or swelling▪ and the uppermore carnositie of the Privie Part, which closes and stops the end of the Bladder, is both in Girles and women allwaies found larger than the rest, and the other glandules be∣ing by frequent child-bearing torne and defaced, this allwaies remaines to the End of their lives.

Muscles of the Clitoris.

You shall seek the Muscles of the Clitoris, after this manner; having leasurely* 1.647 taken away much fat till such times as rudd•• flesh appeares, you shall sever the La∣tissimus Musculus which lies very low, growing out of the sphincter of the Funda∣ment, and inserted into the very Lips of the Water-Gate or female Privity, for the moveing or straitening whereof, I concevie this Muscle is ordaind. The other is* 1.648 the Gracilis Musculus fastened to the Ligement of the Clitoris.

Musclus of the Thigh.

In the Cavity of the Belly, when the Entralls are removed, you shall observe above* 1.649 the Loyns the Musculus longus and rotundus, the long and round Muscle which is termed a 1.650 Psoas, which you shal seperate from its original to its insertion which is in the small Trochanter

I have oftentimes in Men, and somtimes in Virago's, or manly Women, observed a∣nother ••ank Muscle placed over the Psoas aforesaid. It seems for this Cause added, that as a Ligament or Band it might strengthen, and as it were gird in the ••o••t ••nd loose flesh of the Muscle Ploas.

The Cavity of os Illium is filled by the Musculus latus a 1.651 Iliacus or broad i••••ak* 1.652 muscle, which together with the Psoas being conveighed along upon the Os Pub••s and by its tendon united to the Psoas, is terminated in the small Trochanter.

Having turned the Body, you shal proceed to the Muscles which make the But∣tocks, called Gloutii that is buttock Muscles. There are three of them resting one upon another.

The first and greatest b 1.653 Buttock▪ Muscle, you shal seperate towards its tendon,* 1.654 both before and behind, having first made it cleane and freed it from the fat.

Then you shal proceed in your section upwards til the whole is on all sides cut of, til you come to its insertion, which is in the great Trochanter, and there you shall leave it, or having first taken away the broad band, you shal cut off the said Muscle in the fore part.

Under this lies the Gloutius c 1.655 Medius or middlemast Buttock muscle, which may* 1.656 easily be separated in its upper and lateral part towards the Os sacrum. But bene••••h the middle part of the Gloutius Secundus the * 1.657 third is placed, immediately fasten∣ed* 1.658 to the Os Ilium: this Muscle you must not cut of.

Between the middle and the lesser Buttock Muscles there are two remarkable veins, which from the Hypogastrica doe creep over the Obturator Internus ^• with an A••••e••••e, Hand in Hand, and a portion of the Nervus major posticus, they spread themselves into numerous branches: and there arise most cruel pains in the inmost parts of the Buttocks, which counterfeit the sciatica or Hip-gout. Would not drawing blood from the Haemorrhoid Veins, serve well to disbu••••hen these parts?

In the next place you shal proceed to the Quadrigemini and the Obturatores,* 1.659 which are seen beneath, the greater Buttock Muscle being taken away. The upper∣most being the first and longest of all, is called the a 1.660 Pyriformis unto which the two b 1.661 Purvi or little ones doe follow in order, coupled together, that between them •…•…d in their Bosome as it were, they might contein the Tendon of the Obturator inter∣nus.

To these two there is orderly adjoyned the c 1.662 Quratus Quadrigeminus being broa∣der and more fleshy than the rest.

The Obturatores are two, the d 1.663 internall and the * 1.664 external, the Internal has its* 1.665 orginal out of the Circumference of the Oval hole; and its Tendon being carried along between two Ligaments, and being hid in the bosome or holownesse of the se∣cond and third Quadrigeminal Muscles, it is carried into the Cavity of the great Trochanter. And therefore you must pul asunder the second and and third Qua∣drigeminals, before this Muscle can come in sight.

Now the Ligaments through which the Tendon of the Obturator Internus is car∣ried, are two; the one being external is carried from the Os sacrum to the Tube∣rosity of the Os Ischij: the other being internal and placed beneath the external, is carried from the same Os sacrum, into the spina of the Os Ischij.

The Obturator externus cannot be discovered unless the fourth broad Quadri∣ge•…•…nal* 1.666 Muscle be plucked back, and that the Propagation thereof may more e∣vid••••••ly appeare, you shal take away the Musculus Triceps or Three-Headed Muscle.

Sometimes I have observed above the Primus Quadrigeminus, the Iliacus exter∣•…•… Graci•…•…, which from the lower and transverse spines of the Os sacrum, did ••nd into the top or the great Trochanter. You shal therefore anatomise and shew eleven Muscles of the Thigh, placed above the Os Ilium.

In the hinder part are nine, Three Gloutij or Buttock Muscles, which being drawen aside, there appeare four Quadrigemini and two Obturatores. In the fore

part and hollowness of the Os Ilium are found two Muscles, the Psoas which indeed has its original higher than from the Os Ilium, and the Iliacus.

Muscles of the Leg.

In the Thigh from the Haunch to the knee and Ham you shal observe and shew eleven Muscles.

In the fore part you shal find seven, the Longus, the Fascia lata, the Rectus* 1.667 gracilis, the D••••o Ʋasti, the Crureus and the Triceps; which are so situate, that in the first place you meet with the longus or ••u••orius, then the Membranosus or Fascia ••ata. According to the streigh••••e••s and length of the thigh the Rectus Gracilis is drawne out. Neare and bordering upon this are the Vasti d••o, under which lies the Crureus which immediately covers the Os femo••i••, or Thigh-Bone, Adjoyning to the vastus internus is the Triceps, which lie•• scu••keing within the Thigh.

In the hinder-part of the thighs you shal find four, disposed after this manner. Unto the Triceps on the Inside is ••••••••ened the Gracilis Posticus: bordering upon it, is the seminervosus, with the Semimembranosus, and between this and the vastus externus is the Musculus Biceps placed.

In the forepart of the thigh, you must begin at the a 1.668 Long Muscle; which be∣ing cut of, you shal cleverly take away the Fascia b 1.669 ••••••a, either all of it or as much as you can, and you shal bring it as far as to the knee.

Then you shal cut of the Gracilis c 1.670 Rectus.

Afterwards you shal proced unto the two vasti, which that you may more easily separate from the Crureus, they are distinguished one from another by a line run∣ning between them, which you shal cut up.

Then you shal dissect the Vastus d 1.671 Externus by the latus externum; but it is harder to seperate the Vastus e 1.672 internus.

And you shal begin to separate the same at the lower part neare the Patella, and thrusting in your hand, and neatly mannageing your penknife, you shal cut it tow∣ards the upper parts: and so the two Vasti shal be severed from the a 1.673 Crureus.

From these, you shal come unto the Triceps, which may more truly be termed* 1.674 quad••icep•• or rather quadrigeminus, because of foure Heads and as many distinct ••mer••ions.

It is placed in the inner part of the Thigh, and its first and upmost portion grow∣ing* 1.675 out of Os Pubis, seems to be a Distinct Muscle, which in regard of its situation may be termed Pectineus.

I have sometimes found four other portions perfectly distinct one from another, besides the Pectineus, and the last portion was ve••••e long, like a semi-nervous Mus∣cle, and was carried on with a sinewy tendon as far as to the Leg.

I conceive this is the Muscle, which has been in women observed distinct from the rest, in the hinder part of the thigh, and is wont to be joyned as a fift, unto the four P••stici. For it arose from the Tuberosity of the ••••chium and was inserted into the H••••der Part of the Tibia.

It is found in Women, because they were to have broader Buttocks and larger Thighs than Men.

It is an ea••••e matter to separate those four Muscles placed in the hinder part of* 1.676 the thigh, viz the c 1.677 Seminervosus, the d 1.678 Semimembranosus, the e 1.679 Biceps, & the Graci∣lis f 1.680 internus. I have often sound the Biceps distinct both in its Original and Inser∣tion.* 1.681

Muscles of the Tansus.

In the Leg from the knee unto the Tarsus are found 13. Muscles; in the hinder part you shal find five placed after this manner.* 1.682

The first are the a 1.683 Gemelli; under their Heads lies the b 1.684 Popliteus hidden; be∣tween the Gemelli and the Soleus, the c 1.685 Plantaris hides it selfe.

The Soleus lieing beneath the Gemelli, does immediately cover the shin-bone.

In the lateral and external Part of the Tibia, by the Spine, there appeares the* 1.686 Peroneus e 1.687 Flexor pedis, Neighbour to which is the Longus f 1.688 Extensor Digito∣rum.

After which followes the Extensor Pedis, tibieus g 1.689 posticus. Under the Exten∣sor* 1.690 longus Digitorum, lies the Extensor h 1.691 pollicis; and beneath the Flexor pedis Peroneus, lies the Extensor i 1.692 Peroneus.

The Flexor k 1.693 pollicis does take up the internal and lateral part of the Tibia. In the lower part of the Tibia, between the flexor pollicis and the Tibieus posticus, the Flexor l 1.694 digitorum medius holds its place.

It is easie to separate the Muscles which infold the Tibia on all sides, provided* 1.695 you do fir•••• pluck off the fascia m 1.696 lata, which is carried out as far as to the foot. Having divided the Heads of the Gemelli, you shal diligently search for the Popli∣teus or Ham-Muscle, situate obliquely over the Head of the Soleus. Then you shal observe the fleshy Head of the Musculus Plantaris, which lies lurkeing be∣tween the Gemelli and the Soleus. The Plantaris is like the Palmaris.

In the fore part of the Tibia the Peroneus externus and Peroneus internus seem to make one Muscle, because they arise from one and the same part, and are carried through the Cleft of the external Ankle-bone.

But the one is internally inserted into the Os meta-tarsi, which sustaines the lit∣tle Toe: The other being drawen under the sole of the ••ee••, is carried into the Os metatarsie which susta••es the Great Toe.* 1.697

In the Foote you shall take notice of seventeene Muscles. In the out side of the Foote the••e are five, viz the a 1.698 Pedieus and the foure interossei b 1.699 externi.

In the sole of the Foote you shall observe twelve, viz. the Brevis Digiti c 1.700 Flexor or little-Toe bende••, the three d 1.701 Lumbricales, those which are made out of the Massa e 1.702 Carnea, the foure external Interosseans and as many f 1.703 internal.

Upon each side of the Foote is placed one Muscl, viz. the Abductor g 1.704 Pollicis; and Minimi Digiti abductor.

In the hollow of the foote, there is placed another Massa carnea, spread under the first, and cleaving immediately to the Bones. it may be perfectly divided into foure or five portions, although in the middle spaces of the Bones of Metatar••us the Musculi Interossei are conteined.

Furthermore in the Sole of the Foote you shal find that same Internal Muscle which is opposed to the Abductor Pollicis or Great-Toe withdrawer, like unto the Antethenar in the Hand. It may be calledi 1.705 Musculus Transversalis.

Chap. 46. Of the Veines, Arteries and Nerves belonging to the Limbes.

The Veines of the Limbes begin in the Arme at the Arm-pit, and in the Feet they* 1.706 take their Original from the Groines.

The Vena k 1.707 Axillaris neare the Arme-pits does produce the Humeralis, which is called thel 1.708 Cephalica or Head-Veine. It has no Arterie to accompanie the same, and it holds its Course through the whole Radius.

A little after it sendes forth the m 1.709 Thoracica which is expanded into external parts* 1.710 of the Chest, and meets with smal twigs of the Vena n 1.711 azygos.

It is afterward termed o 1.712 Basilica and by the Bending of the Arme, it is divided* 1.713 into two branches. The p 1.714 one of which creeps all along the inside of the Cubitus; the other being * 1.715 external descends beneath the Skin unto the Hand.* 1.716

The Ramus internus or inner branch is called Mediana b 1.717 Vena, and it receives* 1.718 a branch of the c 1.719 Cephalica below the bending of the Arme, where it is called the Cephalica or Basilica. These three Veines are opened beneath the Bending of the Arme.

But the Basilica has an d 1.720 Artery under it or very neare it, and a e 1.721 Nerve and the Tendon of Musculus f 1.722 Biceps, which bends the Arme: which parts must (in the opening of a veine) be avoided, for if they happen to be cut, they bring great In∣conveniencies to the Arme.

The Cephalica being streched out upon the g 1.723 Radius neare the wrist, diverts to that part of the hand termed Metacarpium, that it might with its twigs water the Hollow of the Hand.

Between the Ring-finger and the little finger, they place the h 1.724 Salvatella veine,* 1.725 which is wont to be opened; between the thumb and the fore finger, there is another opened, which is called Vena * 1.726 pollicis or the thumbe veine.

The Mediana k 1.727 vena is to tally external and runs under the Skin, into the palme of the Hand.

The Basilica creepes through the l 1.728 internal and external parts of the Cubit, with a two-headed branch.

Now the Veines have one thing peculiar to them in the Limbes viz▪ that they* 1.729 manifestly do communicate with the Arteries. This Galen proves in his third Book of Natural faculties, the last Chapter, And up and down in other parts of his works. Which thing is so ma••••test that it ought not to be called into question.

Moreover the veines in the * 1.730 Limbes and internal Jugulars have Valves. In the* 1.731 greater channells and in the division of the lesser ones there are n 1.732 two on each side one opposed to the other and placed interchangeably.

Now we may doubt of their use since the circulation of the blood has been found* 1.733 out, for the common opinion was that they were placed in the Limbes and in the internal jugular to stop the exceeding flux of blood into those outmost parts which are in continual motion. But those that hold the Circulation of the blood, do say their use is to hinder the flowing back of the Blood which ascends upwards unto the Heart, according to the opinion of Dr. Harvy, unto which I willingly give my Assent.

Let us pa••son from the Veines to the Arteries of the Arme. The Ramus supe••∣••••av••us* 1.734 proceeding to the Arme-pits, is termed a 1.735 Axillaris. It accompanies the Vena Basilica, whereas there is no Arteria Cephalica.

Neare the Arme-pits it produces the b 1.736 Thoracica and in its progress bestowes* 1.737 certaine twiggs upon the bordering Parts, and being lengthened out as f••r as to the bending of the Arme, it is divided into two c 1.738 branches, which are carryed o••, to the Inside of the Hands.

For the outside of the Hand above the Metarcarpium, is void both of Muscles and Arteries.

The other d 1.739 Branch being drawn out upon the Inside of the Radius, is felt to beat* 1.740 in the wrist.

The other running streight along the Ulna is with its Cosin spread out into the hand according to the length of the Thumbe and of the little Finger, so as to bestow of their twigs upon every Finger.

I shall in the same Method dispatch the Nerves of the whole Hand.* 1.741

Out of the Holes of the foure lower Vertebra's of the f 1.742 Neck, and the two first Vertebras, of the g 1.743 Back, h 1.744 five or sixe Nerves take their Original, which being ouer∣whelmed under the Muscle scalenus, they are brought under the Clavicula, as far as to the Arm-hole, where they arei 1.745 twisted one within another, like the strings of a Cardinals Hat.* 1.746

Afterwards the foure superior ones are under the Deltoides scattered over the in∣ternal part, accompanying the Vena basilica and the Artery of the Arm, and creep∣ing betweene the Muscles Biceps and the Brachieus externus.

The a 1.747 fift and sixt b 1.748 Nerve, being bowed back under the scapulary Muscle Ro∣tundus major, they are disseminated into the hinder Muscles of the Head.

There remaine then the Quatuor Primi alreadie described, which being carryed through the Arme and Cubit; they are dispersed into the said Cubit and the Hand

The Primus c 1.749 Nervus beneath the head of the shoulder is over-whelmed in the* 1.750 Coracoidaeus and drawne along under the inner side of the Biceps, and lurking under the Tendon of the said Muscle, it joines it self to the Vena Cephalica, where it growes small: also it is placed beneath that Veine, below the bending of the Arme.

The Second d 1.751 Nerve being undivided and thicker, does descend to the bending of* 1.752 the Arme, being covered only with fat, and at the bending of the Arme it is placed beneath th Arteria and Vena Basilica.

Howbeit the Vena Basilica a little below the Cubit does, towardes the interior part, recede a little from that Nerve, that it may be united to the Vena Cephalica.

But foure fingers beneath the bending of the Arme, being alwaies superintendent to the Basilica, it passes undivided along, unto the wrist, the veine appeares above.

At the Wrist tis cleft into ten small branches affording two little twigs to every singer, which crepe along the sides of the said singers.

You shall observe by the way, that three fingers breadth beneath the bending of the Cubit, it is covered by the Muscles which bend the wrist and Cubit, which arise cut of the internal Tuberositie of the Arme.

The third e 1.753 Nerve is carryed along undivided unto the Angona, where being* 1.754 conveighed through a Cleft which is betweene the Elbow and the inner Condylum or Tuberosite of the Arme, according to the length of the Cubit, and being drawne out over the Cubitaeus externus, it is carryed unto the wrist, towards the little finger. And therefore by leaneing on the elbow, the whole Arme is benummed. Being di∣vided neare the Hand into foure branches, it is spred into the out-side, of the Hand or Back of the Hand.

The fourth Nerve is the thickest of all interwoven with Veines and Arteries, and* 1.755 sunk deep in the Brachiaus externus; it is carryed from the forepart of the Arme into the Hinderpart, and descending there through unto the Radius, and being carri∣ed all along the same, it is joyned to the vena Cephalica, and looses it selfe at last into the wrist.

I proceed unto the vessels of the Inferiour Limbes. The Crural b 1.756 veine, does in* 1.757 the groine produce a remarkable branch viz. The c 1.758 saphena, which according to the longitude of the sutorius Musculus descends unto the Ham. Beneath which, in the Anckle it constitutes the vena poplitea, which was opened in Times past. There it transmics the branch which is in the upper part returrent, above the Ham, unto the crural veines, or the sarhena receives that same branch, from those cruralls.

Afterward being divided into two parts it slips down unto the two external An∣kles, but the greater portion takes its course unto the internal Ankle, where it formes the true e 1.759 Saphena which is usually opened.

It is termed corruptly Saphena, as if one would say Saphaia because of the Ap∣parencie,* 1.760 which is a new name brought into use by the late Greekes, unknowen to Galen.

When the crural veine has produced the Saphena, it is soon after divided into four branches, of which, the two f 1.761 external and lateral ones which are the shortest are disseminated into the superior Muscles of the Thigh, both the internal, namely the Biceps, and the external viz. the vasti and the Musculus Cruraeus.* 1.762 * 1.763

The Ramus ••er••ius which penetrates into the inner parts, is termed Ischiadi∣cus.* 1.764

The fourth is called b 1.765 b 1.766 Muscularis.* 1.767

These branches being propagated, the Trunke of the Vena cruralis being split into two, descends unto the knee, being attended with the crural Artery branshched* 1.768 into two: But one of the c 1.769 branches is aloft and waters the external parts, the other is more d 1.770 deep: both of them do afford twigs to the neighbouring parts, and when they have reached unto the Ham, being spread along between the Soleus and the Gemelli, they descend to the two Ankles.

But the external Ankle is princspally watered from the low-laid crural veine, yet so that in the compass of the Ankle two notable veines are observed.

That which quarters upon the Malleolus internus or inner Ankle-bone, is the branch of the Saphena. That which takes its course beneath the malleolus, being spread out above the Tarsus, is a branch of the crurall Veine.

Neither of these Veines can be safely opened unless they swel, by reason of the neighbouring arteries, which the Vena Saphena placed in the inner Ankle is free from. And this Veine is opened in all diseases aswel of Men as of Women. Yet neverthe∣less in the Sciatic, the Veine beneath the Malleolus externus, is more advanta∣geously opened, because it has greater Communion with the Part affected, namely the Coxendix or Hip.

The Distribution of e 1.771 Arteria Cruralis, is not equal to the Vena Cruralis, be∣cause* 1.772 it produces no Saphena. For a little lower than the Groine, it transmits two* 1.773 f 1.774 within the Musculus triceps, which are lengthened out as far as to the Gloutij.

Afterwards it sends forth g 1.775 two, into the former parts of the Thigh.* 1.776

And then the Cruralis descends undivided as far as to the Ham, Where it is di∣vided* 1.777 into two Branches; the a 1.778 one of which does laterarlly creepe all along the out∣side of the Leg upon the Musculus Peroneus. The other being thrust into the Mus∣cle soleus, and sliding downe unto the Heele, is disseminated into the sole of the Foot; and the other is branched forth into the outside of the Foot.

The Vena Saphena has no Artery to attend it, and there is not any nerve near it, and therefore it may safely be opened.

The Nerves of the foreside of the Thigh are two, distinguished in their original,* 1.779 but so as they soon grow together and become one cord, which is carried entire without any division, unto the Groin. Where it is distributed into five c 1.780 branches, commonly wrapped up in a Membrane, which being dispersed on every hand into the Muscles of the fore part of the Thigh, they are branched out as far as to the whirl∣bone of the Knee.

Now the Rise of these Nerves is in the d 1.781 three lowest Vertebra's of the Loyns, nei∣ther is it visible, unlesse the Muscle Psoa be torn asunder, within which they lie hid.

Then besides those fore-mentioned, you shal see another smal Nerve, drawn* 1.782 through the oval hole of the Os Pubis and spent upon the neighbouring Muscles viz. the Triceps.

A great and very thick Nerve does glide along the hinder part of the Thigh, which* 1.783 in its Original is made up somtimes of three, oftener of four portions, which are bred out of three or four of the upper holes of Os sacrum, and being carried along through the cavity of Os Ischii, which is seated between the spines of the said Os Ili∣um through the internal and hindermost Muscles of the Thigh, undivided, sometimes doubled and solitary without the society of a vein and Artery, as is ordinary in other Nerves of the Body, it is carried into the Ham; where being divided into two, som∣times into g 1.784 four, it bestows little smal twigs (considering its bulk) upon the Neighbouring Parts.* 1.785 * 1.786 * 1.787

The other ^a Branch descends through the Calf of the Leg to the Heel, dealing out* 1.788 little Nervs in its passage, and being drawn through the Cleft of the inner Ankle∣bone, it is distributed into the sole of the Foot in as many Branches as there are Fingers.

Another is carryed into the ^b fore part of the Foot, fastened unto the Perone, and so slipping downe along unto the external ankle, and when it is come thither, it is spread abroad into the upper side of the Foot, as was said of the former.

This exceeding great and thick Nerve being ill disposed or diseased, a Bastard* 1.789 Sciatica is thereby caused, which consists wholly therein; there is a grievous paine, which afflicts not only the Hip, but reaches into the Thigh, the ankle and Foot, name∣ly to all places whether the Nerve which comes from the diseased Hip does reach. Fernelius in the 18. Chap. of the 6. Book of his Pathology. and therefore in this bastard sciatica Causticks are to be applied, and Issues made at the bending of the Buttocs, also those parts must be anoynetd and smeared with an Epispastick or drawing Plaster.

You shal observe by the way in a bastard sciatica, that those nerves are watered by the Hypogastrick veines and the Arteries above the same, and therefore the nerves cannot be dried unless the Hypogastrick veines are emptied, by many times letting blood in the Armes and Feet, and by Hors-leeches often applied to the Veines of the Fundament.

Now Galen in the 8 Chap. of his 16. Book of the use of the parts of our Body, shewes the reason why this same Nerve is not mixed with other fore nerves as it is in the Nerves of the Arme, but is carried behind the thigh; viz. Because the joynt of the Arme stands farther from the Vertebra's of the Neck, than the joynt of the Thigh does from the Vertebra's of the Loines and Os sacrum.

About the Beginning of this great Nerve, there is another adjoined, which rise∣ing* 1.790 out of the third hole of the Os sacrum, and being carried along above the spine of Os sacrum, it is branched out into the Musculi Gloutij and the Flexores Tibiae, as far as to the Ham.

The Medicinal Consideration.

Diseases of the Veines belonging to the Limbes, especially to the Leg and Thigh,* 1.791 are the Varices which are knottie dilatations, in which the Blood is collected, as it were into Certaine Satchels. Now they are cured with astringents with a close and* 1.792 convenient ligature. Or the veines are pricked and the blood let out, or at the be∣ginning of the varix the largest vein which gives nourishment to the rest, or the be∣ginning* 1.793 it selfe, is tied up and cut off. Many conceive that the veines cut off are bred againe; they bring for an example the veines which are seen in a very great Sarco∣ma or fleshy Excrescence; but Fernelius has rightly observed, that they are not veines, but channels between the Skin which nature has framed as gutters to water and nourish the Sarcoma or fleshy Excrescence.

Many thinke that the veines which are cut, being tied together with a string do grow againe, which I do not beleive.

Hippocrates cals the veines Spiracula Corporis, the vents of the body or the brea∣thing holes thereof, which being opened, the Body is aired: and he saies that when the Veines are dried, they draw sharp and cholerick humors in burning fevers. Also the same Author saies, that the veines do draw more than the flesh Lib. 1. de Mor∣bis. Especially if they be more hot and dry than ordinary.* 1.794

When the Veines being debilitated through Sickness of the Liver, become nau∣seant and enclined as it were to vomit, they suffer the Blood to run out, not only through the mouthes of the upper and lower veines, but also through the Skin of the whole Body, in manner of a bloody sweat, which I have observed two or three times.

A stoppage of the Veines and Arteries, does often happen in Pleth•…•…ck bodies,* 1.795 so that in all places in which the pulse is wont to be felt, the motion of the Arteries is abolished; 〈◊〉〈◊〉 which case Hippocrates commends blood letting, as a meanes to put the vessells into motion againe.

Somtimes the Pulle of all the Arteries is intercepted, not excepting the Groine or crurall Arteries, the Motion of the Heart stil remaining, which disposition if it continue long it kills the Patient. But if the motion of the Heart be perished like∣wise, the Patient dies suddenly. I have seen two that had no pulse at all, only their Heart continued beating, who lived sixteen yeares, but in extreme weakness. Balduinus Ronsaeus saw one in the same condition, as he affirms in his medicinal Epistles.

Hereupon, a question may be raised, how the pulsation of the Arteries can be* 1.796 stopped whiles the Heart beates after its wonted manner, though slowly; whether it be not necessary in such a Case that the Aorta be obstructed neare the Heart, and that the irradiation and influlx of the arterial blood be by that meanes interce••••ped. And then the Blood of the veines approaches the Heart, being drawne thither in the diastole or dilatation thereof, that it may receive the seale of Vitality in the right ventricle; and being afterwards driven forth by the Systole or Contraction into the vena cava, the vital spirits are forcibly carried into the length of the channel, and by the mutual anastomoses of the veines and Arteries, they are communicated to the said Arteries with the blood. I have in some persons observed that the moti∣on of their Arteries hath been frequently intercepted or became very unequal for some daies together, afterwards the impediment being removed which was near the Heart, I found the same inequality in the Caeliac Arterie, which did beat vehe∣mently, although the pulse appeared equal and wel ordered in the rest of the body. This, I conceive happened by reason of a little bit of flesh or fat, which ascending to the Gates of the Heart did cause such a pulse so inordinate, and being repelled or drawen back unto the Caeliac Arterie which is a branch of the Aorta, it did produce such an irregularity as aforesaid.

The Crural Arterie, seeing that it is evident in the Groine, and subject to our fee∣ling,* 1.797 the pulse thereof is easily discerned, being vehement in regard of the great∣ness of the Arterie, and the last which remaines after the pulse is extinguished in other extreme parts of the Body, wherein it is usually felt to beate. And there∣fore when no pulse can be felt in the other usual places, it must be sought for, ^e ex∣amined in this crural Artery, not only in Men but in women also, provided the Rules of Honesty be not broken. And if when a disease is at the Heigth, we can feel no pulse in this part, death is neare at hand.

The Dilation or Section of an Arterie happens chiefly in the external parts,* 1.798 where the lesser Arteries reside which are branches of the great Trunk. And this disease is termed Aneurisma. It is seldome seen in the trunk of the Aorta because of its thickness.

The End of the Fift Book.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The Method of handling.
• * 1.2

  Parts of which the Limbs are compounded.
• * 1.3

  Diseases of the Skin.
• * 1.4

  Of the Flesh.
• * 1.5

  Of the Vessels. Of the Bones.
• * 1.6

  The general▪ division of the Limbs. Special divi∣sion.
• a 1.7

  T. 21. f. 1. C. □
• b 1.8

  f. 1. D E. □
• c 1.9

  f. 1. F G H I. □
• d 1.10

  f. 1. K. □
• e 1.11

  f. 1. M N. □
• f 1.12

  f. 1. O P Q. □
• h 1.13

  f. 4. A. □
• * 1.14

  The Axillary Kernels.
• i 1.15

  f. 1. A. □
• k 1.16

  f. 1. C. □
• * 1.17

  Diseases of the Kernels.
• * 1.18

  Of the whol Joynt.
• * 1.19

  The Diseases of the Joynts of these Parts.
• c 1.20

  f. 1. F. □
• d 1.21

  f. 1. G H. □
• e 1.22

  f. 1. l.
• * 1.23

  Diseases of the Hand.
• * 1.24

  Diseases of the Nails.
• * 1.25

  Of the Pappy Ends of the Fingers.
• * 1.26

  ^g f. 1. A. □
• * 1.27

  ^a T. 21. f. 1. C. □
• * 1.28

  ^b f. 1. D E □
• * 1.29

  Diseases of the inferior Limbs.
• * 1.30

  The Sciatica.
• * 1.31

  The Hip-Consumption.
• * 1.32

  The Bastard Sciatica.
• * 1.33

  Swellings of the Knee.
• a 1.34

  T. 21. f. 1. O. □
• b 1.35

  f. 1. P. □
• c 1.36

  f. 1. Q. □
• d 1.37

  f. 5. B. □
• * 1.38

  Ki••es.
• * 1.39

  Corns.
• * 1.40

  The Legs. Elephantiasis, of the Arabia••••▪
• * 1.41

  Swellings.
• * 1.42

  Ill shape
• * 1.43

  Stink Palsie
• * 1.44

  Knees pains.
• * 1.45

  Wounds of the Ankle.
• * 1.46

  Plates of Is∣sues. in The Crown of the Head.
• * 1.47

  The Hind part of the Head.
• * 1.48

  Fore part of the Head.
• * 1.49

  The Neck The Arm The Brest
• * 1.50

  The Thigh
• * 1.51

  The Leg
• * 1.52

  The Loins
• * 1.53

  The Veins which are wont to be opened. in The Fore head Hind part of the Head.
• a 1.54

  T. 1. f. 1. L. T. 24. f. 1. B B. □
• * 1.55

  In the Temples In the Nose
• * 1.56

  In the Mouth
• a 1.57

  T. 1. f. 1. H. □
• * 1.58

  In the Neck.
• * 1.59

  ^b T. 1. f. 1. I. □
• * 1.60

  ^c T. 1. K. □
• * 1.61

  In the Back
• * 1.62

  In the Arm
• a 1.63

  T. 1. f. 1. Q. R. T. 24. f. 4. a a a. &c. □
• b 1.64

  T. 1. f. 1. M. T. 24. f. 1. C C. □
• c 1.65

  T. 1. f. 1. N. T. 24. f. 1. f f. &c. □
• d 1.66

  T. 1. f. 1. P. □
• * 1.67

  □
• * 1.68

  In the Foot.
• b 1.69

  T. 1. f. 1. SS. T. 24. f. 4. m. □
• c 1.70

  T. 24. f. 4. f f. □
• * 1.71

  •••• ••hether the Foot Veins may be opened and how?
• * 1.72

  Whether Ar∣teries may be opened?
• * 1.73

  What Arteries are to be open∣ed?
• * 1.74

  In the Fore∣head. In the Temples
• * 1.75

  In the ••ind Part of the Head.
• * 1.76

  In the Hand
• * 1.77

  In the Foot
• * 1.78

  An experiment of Benedictus ••or the Rheu∣matism.
• * 1.79

  The Forehead Muscles should rather be called the Eye-brow Muscles.
• a 1.80

  T. 15. f. 1. E E. □
• b 1.81

  T. 15. f. 1. F F. □
• * 1.82

  ^a T. 15. f. 1. E E. □
• * 1.83

  ^b T. 15. f. 1. F F. □
• * 1.84

  The first.
• * 1.85

  The second.
• * 1.86

  The Third.
• * 1.87

  The fourth
• * 1.88

  The Attollens.
• c 1.89

  T. 19. f. 3. A. 4. 5. A. □
• d 1.90

  f. ••. 4. 5. □
• * 1.91

  The Deprimens
• e 1.92

  f. 3, 4, 5. C. □
• * 1.93

  The Adducens
• f 1.94

  f. 3, 4, 5. D. □
• * 1.95

  The Abd••••ent
• a 1.96

  T. 19. f. 1. A B. □
• * 1.97

  The Obliquus Ma••••r.
• b 1.98

  T. 15. f. 1. F F. □
• c 1.99

  f. 3. and 4. E. □
• * 1.100

  The Obliquus Minor.
• * 1.101

  ^a T. 19. f. 3. and 4. F. □
• * 1.102

  ^b f. 3. and 4. G. □
• * 1.103

  Of the exter∣nal Ear.
• * 1.104

  The common.
• * 1.105

  One proper.
• * 1.106

  Internal Ears
• a 1.107

  T. 19. f. 3. and 4. F. □
• * 1.108

  First. Second
• b 1.109

  f. 3. and 4. G. □
• * 1.110

  ³ f. 3. and 4. E. □
• * 1.111

  ^• T. 20. f. 5. A. □
• * 1.112

  ^b T. 20. f. 5. C C. □
• * 1.113

  One Common.
• c 1.114

  T. 15. f. 1. N N □
• d 1.115

  T. 15. f. 1. G. □
• * 1.116

  •••••• proper.
• * 1.117

  T. 15. f. 1. I. □
• a 1.118

  T. 15. f. 1. K. □
• * 1.119

  The fi••st of the proper ones.
• b 1.120

  f. 1. M. □
• * 1.121

  The second.
• * 1.122

  The third.
• c 1.123

  f. 1. N. □
• * 1.124

  The fourth.
• * 1.125

  The common ones. 1 Zygomaticus. 2 Buccinator.
• d 1.126

  f. 1. L. □
• * 1.127

  f. 1. O. □
• f 1.128

  f. 1. NN▪ □
• * 1.129

  Sphincter of the Mouth
• g 1.130

  T. 15. f. 1. P P. f. 2. A A. □
• * 1.131

  The Temporal
• b 1.132

  f. 2. D D. □
• * 1.133

  Pterygoideus Internus.
• * 1.134

  Digastricus.
• c 1.135

  f. 1. T T. f. 2. C C □
• * 1.136

  T. 10. f. 1. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. T. 15. f. 2. F. □
• * 1.137

  The Latus.
• * 1.138

  T. 15. f. 2. E E E E. □
• * 1.139

  Pterygoideus Externus.
• * 1.140

  Masseter.
• g 1.141

  T. 13. f. 11. and 12. A B C. &c. □
• * 1.142

  ^b T. 15. f. 2. a a. □
• * 1.143

  ^f f. 1. S. f. 2. B B. □
• a 1.144

  T. 13. f. 13. B B. □
• * 1.145

  The Genio∣••yoideus. Mylobyoideu
• b 1.146

  f. 4. E E. □
• * 1.147

  〈◊〉〈◊〉
• c 1.148

  f. 13. D D. □
• * 1.149

  Stylocerathy∣oideus.
• e 1.150

  f. 13. C C. □
• * 1.151

  Genyoglossus.
• f 1.152

  f. 14. B B. □
• * 1.153

  Basiglossus.
• g 1.154

  ••. 14. D D.
• * 1.155

  Stylogossus.
• * 1.156

  ^d f. 1. E E. □
• a 1.157

  T. 13▪ f. 8. B B. □
• * 1.158

  Hyothyroideus.
• b 1.159

  f. 8. C C. □
• * 1.160

  〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.161

  f. 1, 2. 8. A. □
• d 1.162

  f. ••. and 6. □
• * 1.163

  Cr••cothyroi∣d•••••• Anticus.
• * 1.164

  f. 9. C C. □
• * 1.165

  Lateralis.
• * 1.166

  f. 9. B B. □
• * 1.167

  Thyroaryt••∣noideus.
• h 1.168

  f. 10. B B. □
• * 1.169

  Aryt••noideus.
• i 1.170

  f. 9. and 10. A. □
• e 1.171

  f. 3. and 4. f. 9. and 10. D D. □
• a 1.172

  T. 3. f. 2. and 3. B B. □
• * 1.173

  Spheno-Pha∣ring••••.
• b 1.174

  f. 2. and 3. A A. □
• * 1.175

  Cephalopha∣ryngaeus.
• c 1.176

  f. 2. and 3. C C. □
• * 1.177

  Stylopharyn∣gaeus. Oesophagaeus.
• d 1.178

  f. 2. and 3. D D. □
• * 1.179

  T. 13. f. 15. A. □
• f 1.180

  f. 15. B B. □
• * 1.181

  Pterystaphy∣linus externus.
• g 1.182

  f. 15. b b. □
• h 1.183

  f. 15. C C. □
• * 1.184

  Internus.
• a 1.185

  T. 14. f. 2. K K. f. 3. H. f. 4. F F. □
• * 1.186

  Caput flectens. Mastoideus.
• * 1.187

  Extenders.
• b 1.188

  f. 2. H H. □
• * 1.189

  Splenius.
• c 1.190

  f. 2. I I. f. 3. E F. □
• * 1.191

  ••omplexus.
• * 1.192

  Rectus major
• d 1.193

  f. 3. and 4. I I. □
• e 1.194

  f. 3. i. f. 4. K K. □
• * 1.195

  Rectus minor
• a 1.196

  T. 14. f. 3. L. f. 4. G G. □
• * 1.197

  Obliquus mi∣jor. Obliquus ma∣jor.
• b 1.198

  T. 14. f. 3. K. f. 4. H H. □
• * 1.199

  The Neck benders. The Longus.
• c 1.200

  T. 13. f. 18. A A. □
• d 1.201

  T. 13. f. 18. B B. □
• * 1.202

  The Scalenus.
• * 1.203

  The Extenders Spinatus
• e 1.204

  T. 14. f. 4. D D. □
• f 1.205

  T. 14. f. 4. E E. □
• * 1.206

  Transversa∣rius.
• * 1.207

  Shoulder blads lister.
• * 1.208

  Trupezius.
• * 1.209

  Serratus minor
• * 1.210

  Rhomboides
• * 1.211

  Arm lifters.
• * 1.212

  Deltoides
• * 1.213

  Supraspinatus
• * 1.214

  The depressers Latissimus.
• * 1.215

  Rotundus ma∣jor.
• * 1.216

  The drawers to. The Pectoralis.
• * 1.217

  Coracoidaeus.
• * 1.218

  Drawers back.
• * 1.219

  Infraspinatus
• * 1.220

  Rotundus minor.
• * 1.221

  Immersus
• * 1.222

  Cubit benders
• * 1.223

  Biceps
• * 1.224

  Brachiaeus in∣ternus.
• * 1.225

  Cubit exten∣ders. Longus
• * 1.226

  Brevis.
• * 1.227

  Brachiaeus externus.
• * 1.228

  Angoneus.
• * 1.229

  The Radius its
• a 1.230

  T. 22. f. 1. and 3. D. □
• * 1.231

  Pronator su∣perior. Pronator in∣ferior.
• b 1.232

  T. 10. f. 1. A. B. T. 12. f. 1. E. □
• c 1.233

  T. 22. f. 1. H. □
• * 1.234

  Supinator Longus. Supinator Brevis.
• d 1.235

  T. 22. f. 3. B. □
• * 1.236

  ^a T. 22. f. 1. G. □ ^d T. 22. f. 1. I I. f. 2. B. □ ^c T. 22. f. 3. E. □ ^d T. 22. f. 3. F. □ ^e T. 22. f. 3. ••. f. 4. G. □
• * 1.237

  ^a T. 22. f. 2. C. □ ^b T. 22. f. 2. D. □ ^c T. 22. f. 4. E. □ ^d T. 22. f. 4. F. □
• * 1.238

  ^e T. 22. f. 2. and 3. C. □
• * 1.239

  ^f T. 22. f. 1. B. □
• * 1.240

  Wrist-benders
• a 1.241

  T. 22. f. 1. N. □
• * 1.242

  Cubiteus In∣ternus.
• b 1.243

  T. 22. f. 1. M. □
• * 1.244

  Radieus In∣ternus.
• * 1.245

  Wrist extenders
• c 1.246

  T. 22. f. 3. H. □
• * 1.247

  Radieus Ex∣ternus.
• d 1.248

  T. 22. f. 3. G. □
• * 1.249

  Cubiteus ex∣ternus.
• a 1.250

  T. 22. f. 1. K. □
• * 1.251

  Long Palmar Muscle.
• * 1.252

  Short Palmar Muscle.
• * 1.253

  Four Finger benders.
• b 1.254

  T. 22. f. 1. O. f. 5. A. □
• * 1.255

  Sublimis
• a 1.256

  T. 22. f. 5. a a a a. □
• b 1.257

  T. 22. f. 1. P. f. 5. B. □
• * 1.258

  Profundus.
• c 1.259

  T. 22. f. 5. b b b b. □
• * 1.260

  Lumbricales
• d 1.261

  T. 22▪ f. 5. C C C C. □
• * 1.262

  Extenders Extensor Magnus.••
• a 1.263

  T. 22. f. 3. K. □
• b 1.264

  f. 3. e. □
• c 1.265

  f. 3. f f f f. □
• * 1.266

  Side way mo∣vers.
• * 1.267

  Interosseans
• d 1.268

  f. 4. I I I I. □
• e 1.269

  f. 2. f f f f. □
• * 1.270

  Proper.
• f 1.271

  f. 2. g. h. f. 1. S. □
• * 1.272

  Abductor mi∣nimi.
• * 1.273

  Abductor In∣dicis.
• * 1.274

  Proper ex∣tenders. Of the fore Finger.
• g 1.275

  ••. 3. I. □
• * 1.276

  Of the little Finger.
• a 1.277

  T. 22. f. 3. ••. □
• * 1.278

  Thumb Muscles
• b 1.279

  T. 22. f. 3. M. □
• * 1.280

  Extenders
• c 1.281

  T. 22. f. 3. L. □
• d 1.282

  T. 22. f. 2. D. □
• * 1.283

  Bender.
• * 1.284

  Lateral mo∣vers.
• a 1.285

  T. 22. f. 4. K. □
• b 1.286

  T. 22. f. 1. Q. f. 2. F. □
• c 1.287

  T. 22. f. 1. R. f. 2. G. □
• * 1.288

  Which widen. The Chest.
• d 1.289

  T. 10. f. 1. F. □
• * 1.290

  Subclaviu••
• a 1.291

  T. 10. f. 1. C D. □
• * 1.292

  Serratus major
• b 1.293

  T. 14. f. 2. E. □
• * 1.294

  Serratus Po∣sticus Superior
• c 1.295

  T. 10. f. 1. G G. □
• * 1.296

  External In∣tercostals.
• * 1.297

  Triangular Muscle.
• * 1.298

  Contracters.
• d 1.299

  T. 14. f. 1. L L. f. 3. B B. □
• * 1.300

  Sacrolumbus.
• * 1.301

  Internal In∣tercostals.
• f 1.302

  T. 14. f. 2. F G. □
• * 1.303

  Serratu•• p••∣sticus inferior.
• * 1.304

  ^e T. 10. f. 1. H H. □
• a 1.305

  T. 10. f. 1. I I. f. 6. and 7. the whol.
• * 1.306

  ••se of the Midrif.
• * 1.307

  Its Original.
• * 1.308

  Its Motion.
• * 1.309

  The Back pro∣perly is not mo∣ved.
• a 1.310

  T. 14. f. 2. O O. f. 4. C C▪ f. 1. N N. □
• * 1.311

  Back is bowed by the Quadratu••.
• * 1.312

  Extenders.
• b 1.313

  T. 14. f. 3. D D. f. 4. A A. □
• * 1.314

  Semispinatu••.
• c 1.315

  T. 14. f. 4. B B. □
• * 1.316

  By what Mus∣cles its moved forwards.
• a 1.317

  T. 2. f. 8. A B. f. 9. A B D. □
• b 1.318

  T. 2. f. 9. B C. □
• * 1.319

  By what mo∣ved backwards
• c 1.320

  T. 2. f. 8. A. &c. □
• * 1.321

  Proper Muscle of the Stones. Cremaster.
• a 1.322

  T. 14. f. 4. B B. □
• d 1.323

  T. 6. f. 2. B B. □
• * 1.324

  The Common•• ••a tos.
• * 1.325

  Office of the Sphincter of the Bladder.
• e 1.326

  T. 6. f. 5. F F. □
• * 1.327

  ^b T. 14. f. 3. D D. f. 4. A A. □
• * 1.328

  ^c T. 6. f. 2. D D. □
• a 1.329

  T. 6. f. 1. a a. f. 5▪ H H. □
• * 1.330

  Yards Erectors
• * 1.331

  Accelerators.
• * 1.332

  ^b T. 6. f. 1. b b. f. ••. I I. □
• * 1.333

  Extenders of the Thigh.
• a 1.334

  T. 23. f. 2. B. f. 3. A. □
• * 1.335

  Gloutius m••••∣imus.
• * 1.336

  Medius
• c 1.337

  T. 23. f. 4. B. □
• * 1.338

  Minimus
• * 1.339

  Benders. Psoas.
• d 1.340

  T. 10. f. 1. O O. T. 23. f. 1. A. □
• * 1.341

  ^b T. 23. f. 3. B. f. 4. C. □
• a 1.342

  T. 23. f. ••. B. □
• * 1.343

  Iliacus.
• b 1.344

  T. 23. f. 1. C. below b. □
• * 1.345

  Pectineus.
• c 1.346

  T. 23. f. 1. and 2. C C. □
• * 1.347

  Drawer to.
• * 1.348

  Triceps.
• * 1.349

  With drawrs.
• * 1.350

  The Quadri∣geminals.
• a 1.351

  T. 23. f. 3. C. f. 4. D. □
• * 1.352

  First
• b 1.353

  T. 23. f. 3. b. f. 4. G. □
• * 1.354

  Second
• * 1.355

  Third
• c 1.356

  T. 23. f. 3. D. f. 4. E. □
• * 1.357

  The Fourth.
• * 1.358

  Oblique wheelers. Obturator In∣ternus.
• d 1.359

  T. 23. f. 3. E. and 4. F. □
• * 1.360

  Obturator ex∣ternus.
• * 1.361

  The Motion of the Leg.
• * 1.362

  The Leg ben∣ders. The Semi. Ner∣vosus. The Semi-Membranosus.
• b 1.363

  T. 23. f. 3. G G. □
• c 1.364

  T. 23. f. 3. H H. □
• * 1.365

  ^a T. 23. f. 4. e. □
• a 1.366

  T. 23. f. 3. III. □
• * 1.367

  The Biceps
• b 1.368

  T. 23. f. 3. F F. □
• * 1.369

  The Gracilis.
• c 1.370

  T. 23. f. 4. H. □
• * 1.371

  The Popliteus.
• d 1.372

  T. 23. f. 2. F F. □
• * 1.373

  Extenders. The Mem∣branosus. The Sutorius
• * 1.374

  R••ctus ••••acilis.
• * 1.375

  Vastus exter∣nus.
• h 1.376

  T. 23. f. 1. G G. □
• a 1.377

  T. 23. f. ••. H H. □
• * 1.378

  Vastus internus
• b 1.379

  T. 23. f. 1. &c. □
• * 1.380

  Crureus.
• * 1.381

  Motion of the Foot.
• * 1.382

  Foot-benders.
• c 1.383

  T. 23. f. 1. K. □
• * 1.384

  Tibiaeus an∣ticus.
• d 1.385

  T. 23. f. 1. ζ. □
• a 1.386

  T. 23. f. 1. L L. □
• * 1.387

  Per••••••us an∣ticus.
• * 1.388

  Extenders.
• b 1.389

  T. 23. f. 1. d d. f. 2. D D. f. 3. K K. □
• * 1.390

  Gemellus in∣ternus. externus.
• * 1.391

  ^c T. 23. f. 3. o o. □
• * 1.392

  Plantaris.
• d 1.393

  T. 23. f. 3. M. □
• a 1.394

  T. 23. f. 3. f. 3. L L. □
• * 1.395

  Soleus.
• * 1.396

  The Chorda of Hippocrates.
• * 1.397

  Tibiaeus posti∣cus.
• c 1.398

  f. 23. f. 2. F F. □
• * 1.399

  Peronaeus posticus.
• * 1.400

  ^b f. 2. E E. □
• * 1.401

  The Annular Ligament.
• a 1.402

  T. 23. f. 1. g. □
• * 1.403

  Toe-stretchers. cnimodactylius
• b 1.404

  T. 23. f. 1. M M. □
• c 1.405

  T. 23. f. 1. f f. □
• d 1.406

  T. 23. f. 2. G. □
• * 1.407

  Pedi••us.
• * 1.408

  The Toe-ben∣ders. Perodactyleus.
• e 1.409

  T. 23. f. 4. II. f. 6. C. □
• a 1.410

  T. 23. f. 4. ••. f. 6. A. □
• * 1.411

  Pediaeus internus.
• * 1.412

  The oblique movers.
• b 1.413

  T. 23 f 2. a a a a. □
• * 1.414

  The Inter∣osseans.
• c 1.415

  T. 23. f. 5. d d d d. f. 6. f f f f. □
• d 1.416

  T. 23. f. 6. D D. □
• e 1.417

  T. 23. f. 6. e e e e. □
• f 1.418

  T. 23. f. 4. K. f. 6. B. □
• * 1.419

  The great toe∣bender.
• a 1.420

  T. 23. f. ••. N. □
• * 1.421

  The Stretcher.
• * 1.422

  The Abductor,
• b 1.423

  T. 23. f. 3. O. f. 5. b b □
• * 1.424

  The little Toes Abductor.
• c 1.425

  T. 23. f. 3. P. f. 5 c. □
• * 1.426

  The great t•••••• drawer ••••.
• d 1.427

  T. 23. f. 5. a. □
• * 1.428

  The Massa Ca••••••••.
• a 1.429

  T. 23. f. 6. D D. □
• * 1.430

  Its Vse.
• * 1.431

  The Method
• * 1.432

  The frontal Muscle.
• * 1.433

  ^b T. 15. f. 1. E. □
• * 1.434

  The Orbicu∣laris The Cilia∣ris.
• a 1.435

  T. 15. f. 1. F F. □
• * 1.436

  Zeugomati∣cus.
• c 1.437

  T. 15. f. 1. L. □
• * 1.438

  Lip-heavers.
• * 1.439

  Buccinator.
• e 1.440

  T. 15. f. 1. H. □
• f 1.441

  T. 15. f. 1. O. □
• * 1.442

  Lip depressers.
• * 1.443

  ^b T▪ ••9. f. 1. C C. □
• * 1.444

  ^d T. 15. f. 1. K. □
• a 1.445

  T. 15. f▪ 1. n. □
• b 1.446

  T. 15. f 1. M. □
• * 1.447

  Nose-••is••ers▪
• c 1.448

  T. 15. f 1. G. □
• d 1.449

  T. 15. f 1. I. □
• * 1.450

  Nostril wid∣ners.
• d 1.451

  f. 3. and 4. F. □
• * 1.452

  Nostril widners
• * 1.453

  Temporalis.
• e 1.454

  T. 15. f. 1. P P. f. 2. A A. □
• f 1.455

  T. 15. f. 2. a a. □
• a 1.456

  T. 15. f. 1. S. f. 2. B B. □
• * 1.457

  Masseter
• * 1.458

  Constitution of the Parotis.
• b 1.459

  T. 15. f. 1. Q. R. T. 20. f. 1. H I. &c. □
• * 1.460

  The Eye-lid∣li••••er
• * 1.461

  Four right mu∣scles of the Eye.
• a 1.462

  T. 19. f. 1. A A. □
• b 1.463

  f, 3. 4. 5. A. □
• c 1.464

  f. 3. 4. 5. B. C. D. □
• * 1.465

  Obliq••••s ma••••••
• e 1.466

  f. 3. and 4. G. □
• f 1.467

  f. 3. and 4. E. □
• * 1.468

  Obliquus m••∣nor.
• g 1.469

  f. 1. D. □
• i 1.470

  f. E. 4. and D. □
• k 1.471

  f. 3. 4. &c. A. □
• * 1.472

  ^h f. 3. 4. and B. □
• a 1.473

  T. 15. f. 2. ••. T. 15. f. f. 1. g g. □
• * 1.474

  Latus.
• * 1.475

  Mastoid••us.
• * 1.476

  Coracohy••ideus.
• * 1.477

  ^b T. 14. f. K K. f. 3. G. □
• * 1.478

  ^c T. 13. f. 13. F F. □
• a 1.479

  T. 13. f. 13. D D. □
• c 1.480

  T. 15. f. 1. T T. f. 2. C C. □
• * 1.481

  Digastricus.
• d 1.482

  T. 13. f. 14. E E □
• * 1.483

  Mylo••yoideus.
• e 1.484

  T. 13 f. 13. B B. □
• * 1.485

  Geniohyoideus.
• f 1.486

  T. 23. f. 13. C C. □
• * 1.487

  Genio-glossus Basiglossus.
• g 1.488

  T. 13. f. 14. C C. □
• * 1.489

  ^b T. 13. f. 5. C C. □
• * 1.490

  Styloglossus.
• a 1.491

  T. 13. f. 14. D D. □
• * 1.492

  Stylo••yoideus
• b 1.493

  T. 15. f. 1. T T. □
• * 1.494

  Stylophary••∣gau••. P••erygoid••u•• internus.
• d 1.495

  T. 15. f. 2. D D. □
• * 1.496

  Hyothyroideus.
• e 1.497

  T. 13. f. 8. B B. □
• f 1.498

  T. 3. f. 2. and 3. D D.
• * 1.499

  Oesophageu••.
• * 1.500

  Cricoaryte∣noid••••▪
• * 1.501

  ^c T. 3. f. 2. and 3. C C. □
• * 1.502

  ^g T. 13. f. 8. D D. □
• a 1.503

  T. 13. f. 9. CC □
• * 1.504

  Thy 〈…〉〈…〉 Ar••••eno••deus.
• d 1.505

  f. 10. BB. □
• e 1.506

  f. 16. & 17. □
• f 1.507

  f. 7. 9. & 10. A. □
• g 1.508

  T. 3. f. 2. & 3. BB. □
• * 1.509

  The Pharyn∣gei.
• h 1.510

  f. 2. & 3. AA. □
• l 1.511

  T. 13. f. 15. BB. CC. □
• * 1.512

  Traptzius.
• k 1.513

  T. 14▪ f. ••. & 2. AA. f. 2. AA. ▪ I. f. 1. CC. □
• * 1.514

  ^b f. 10. CC. □
• * 1.515

  ^c f. 9. BB. □
• a 1.516

  T. 14. f. 1. B B. f. 2. ••. C. □
• * 1.517

  Rhomboides. Servatus minor.
• b 1.518

  f. 2. E. □
• * 1.519

  The splenius.
• c 1.520

  f. 2. H H □
• d 1.521

  f. 2. D D □
• * 1.522

  Levator scapulae.
• e 1.523

  f. 2. I I. f. 3. E E. □
• * 1.524

  Complexus.
• * 1.525

  Transversarius
• f 1.526

  f 4. E E. □
• g 1.527

  f. 4. D D. □
• * 1.528

  Semispinatus.
• * 1.529

  Obliquus major.
• h 1.530

  f. 2. L. f. 4. G G. □
• i 1.531

  f. 3. & •• I I. □
• * 1.532

  Rectus major.
• * 1.533

  Rectus minor.
• k 1.534

  f. 3. 1. f. 4. K K. □
• a 1.535

  T. 14. f. 3. K. f. 4. H H. □
• * 1.536

  Obliquus minor.
• * 1.537

  Pterygoideus externus.
• * 1.538

  The pectoral muscle.
• c 1.539

  T. 10. f. 1. A. B. T. 22. f. 1. E. □
• d 1.540

  T. 10. f. 1. E. □
• * 1.541

  Serratus minor
• * 1.542

  Infraspinatus.
• e 1.543

  T. 22. f. 3. B B. ▪ f. T. 22. f. 1. & 3. C. □
• * 1.544

  ^b T. 15. f. 2. E E E E. □
• a 1.545

  T. 22. f. 1. and 3 D. □
• * 1.546

  Rotundus major. Rotundus Immersus.
• b 1.547

  T. 22. f. 1▪ B. □
• * 1.548

  Latissimus▪
• c 1.549

  T. 14. f. 1. C C. D D. T. 22. f. 1. F. □
• * 1.550

  Serratus posti∣cus▪
• * 1.551

  ^d T. 14. f. 2. F. G. □
• e 1.552

  T. 14. f. 1. L L. f. 3. B B. □
• * 1.553

  Sacrolumbus.
• f 1.554

  T. 14. f. 2. O O. □
• * 1.555

  Quadratus.
• a 1.556

  T. 14. f. 3. D D. f. 4. A. □
• * 1.557

  Spinatus.
• * 1.558

  Sacer.
• b 1.559

  T. 14. f. 4. B B. □
• c 1.560

  T. 10. f. 1. C D. □
• * 1.561

  Serratus major
• d 1.562

  T. 10 f. 1. F. □
• * 1.563

  Subclavius. Triangular is.
• e 1.564

  T. 10. f. 1. G G. □
• f 1.565

  T. 10. f. 1. H H. □
• * 1.566

  Intercostalis.
• a 1.567

  T. 22. f 1. G. □
• * 1.568

  Biceps.
• b 1.569

  T. 22. f 1. H. □
• * 1.570

  Coracoideum.
• c 1.571

  T. 22 f 1. I I. f 2. B. □
• * 1.572

  Brachieus internus.
• d 1.573

  T. 22. f. 1. A. □
• e 1.574

  T. 22. f. 3. E. □
• f 1.575

  T. 22. f. 3. F. □
• * 1.576

  Longus Brevis▪
• g 1.577

  T. 22. f. 3. above E □
• * 1.578

  Brachiaeus∣externus.
• a 1.579

  T. 22. f. 3. a. f. 4. G. □
• * 1.580

  Longus-Supinator radij Wrist-benders.
• b 1.581

  T. 22. f. 4. E. □
• c 1.582

  T. 22. f. 1. M. □
• d 1.583

  T. 22. f. 1. K. □
• e 1.584

  T. 22. f 1. O. f 5. A. □
• f 1.585

  T. 22. f 1. M. □
• g 1.586

  T. 22. f▪ 2. C. □
• * 1.587

  Pronatoacs-Radij.
• h 1.588

  T. 22. f. 2. D. □
• i 1.589

  T. 22. f. 1. P. f. 5. B. □
• * 1.590

  Finger▪bendexs
• k 1.591

  T. 22. f. 2. D. □
• a 1.592

  T. 22. f. 3. H. □
• * 1.593

  Extenders of the wrist.
• b 1.594

  T. 22. f. 3. G. □
• c 1.595

  T. 22. f. 3. K. □
• * 1.596

  Of the fingers.
• d 1.597

  T. 22. f 3. M. □
• e 1.598

  T. 22. f. 3. ••. □
• * 1.599

  The best way to dissect these muscles.
• * 1.600

  Muscles of the Hand.
• f 1.601

  T. 22. f. 5. C C C C. f. 2. f f f f. □
• g 1.602

  T. 22. f. 1. S. f. 2. h. □
• h 1.603

  T. 22. f. 4. K. □
• i 1.604

  T. 22. f▪ ••. R. f. 2. G. □
• a 1.605

  T. 22. f. 2. f f f f. □
• b 1.606

  f. 2. I I I I □
• c 1.607

  T. ••. f. 2. H H. T. 2. f. 8. A. □
• d 1.608

  T. 2. f. 8. a a. □
• * 1.609

  Obliquus de∣scendens.
• e 1.610

  T. 1. f. 2. F F. T. 10. f. 1. C. D. □
• a 1.611

  T. 2. f. 9. d d d. □
• b 1.612

  T. 2. f. 8. b b. □
• c 1.613

  T. 2. f. 8. B. □
• f 1.614

  T. 2. f. 8 B. c c. □
• * 1.615

  ^d T. 2. f. 9. A. □
• * 1.616

  ^e T. 2. f. 8. d d. f. 9. bb. □
• a 1.617

  T. 2. f. 9. E E. □
• b 1.618

  T. 6. f. 2. D D. □
• * 1.619

  How the cre∣master is knowen.
• c 1.620

  T. 2. f. 8. •• e. f. 9. C. □
• * 1.621

  Musculus rectus.
• a 1.622

  T. 2. f. 9. dd. □
• * 1.623

  Which is the true Linea can∣dida.
• b 1.624

  T. 2. f. 8. e □
• c 1.625

  T. 2. f. 8. d. □
• d 1.626

  T. f. 8. f. □
• e 1.627

  T. 1. f. 2. K K. □
• f 1.628

  T. 2. f. 9. D D □
• * 1.629

  Pyramidalis.
• g 1.630

  T. 2. f. 9. A f. a a &c. □
• * 1.631

  Transversus.
• * 1.632

  The Yard Erector.
• a 1.633

  T. 6. f. 1. a a. f. 5. H H. □
• b 1.634

  T. 6. f 1. b b. f 5. I I. □
• * 1.635

  The Accelera∣tor.
• c 1.636

  T. 6. f. 5. K K. □
• * 1.637

  The sphin∣cters of Anus. The Levato∣res ani.
• d 1.638

  T. 3. f 4. O. □
• e 1.639

  T. 6. f 3. N N. □
• * 1.640

  The Muscle peculiar to the Coccyx in wo∣men.
• * 1.641

  The internal Sphincter.
• b 1.642

  T. 6. f 5. F F. □
• * 1.643

  The Bladder∣muscle in men.
• * 1.644

  ^a T. 2. f 5 Q. □
• * 1.645

  Demonstration of the Double Sphincter.
• * 1.646

  The Bladder-Muscle in Wo∣men.
• * 1.647

  Latus.
• * 1.648

  Gracilis.
• * 1.649

  Psoas.
• a 1.650

  T. 10. f. 1. O. O. T. 23. f. 1. A. □
• a 1.651

  T. 23. f. 1. B. □
• * 1.652

  Iliacus.
• b 1.653

  T. 23. f. 2. B. f. 3. A. □
• * 1.654

  Gloutius major
• c 1.655

  T. 23, f. 3. B▪ f. 4. C. □
• * 1.656

  Medius.
• * 1.657

  T. 23. f. 4▪ B. □
• * 1.658

  Minimus.
• * 1.659

  Quadrigemini
• a 1.660

  T. 23. f. 3. ••. f. 4. D. □
• b 1.661

  T. 23. f. 3. ^b f. 4. G. □
• c 1.662

  T. 23. f. 3. D. f. 4. E. □
• d 1.663

  T. 23. f. 3. E. f. 4. F. □
• * 1.664

  T. 23. f. 4. ••. □
• * 1.665

  Obturator in∣ternus.
• * 1.666

  Externus.
• * 1.667

  Sutorius. Membranosus. Rectus. Vasti. Crureus.
• a 1.668

  T. 23. f. 1. l l. □
• b 1.669

  f. 1. E. c c c. □
• c 1.670

  f. 1. F F. □
• d 1.671

  f. 1. G G. □
• e 1.672

  f. 1. H H. □
• a 1.673

  T. 23. f. 1. &c. □
• * 1.674

  Triceps.
• * 1.675

  Pectineus.
• * 1.676

  Seminorvosu••. Semimembra∣nosu••. ••iceps. Gracilis.
• c 1.677

  T. 23. f. 3. G G. □
• d 1.678

  T. 23. f. 3. H H. □
• e 1.679

  T. 23. f. 3. •• •• ••. □
• f 1.680

  T. 23. f. 3. F F. □
• * 1.681

  ^b T. 23. f. 1. &c. C C. □
• * 1.682

  Gemelli▪ Popliteus. Plantaris. Soleus.
• a 1.683

  T. 23. f. 1, d d, f. 3. K K. □
• b 1.684

  f, 4 H. □
• c 1.685

  f. 3. M. □
• * 1.686

  Foot-benders
• e 1.687

  f. 1. L L. □
• f 1.688

  f. 1. M M. □
• g 1.689

  f. 2. E E □
• * 1.690

  Extendors.
• h 1.691

  f. 1. N▪ □
• i 1.692

  f. 2. F F. □
• k 1.693

  f. 4▪ K. f. 6. B. □
• l 1.694

  f. 4. l l f. 5. C. □
• * 1.695

  The separa∣teon of these Muscles.
• m 1.696

  f. •• E. c c c. □
• * 1.697

  ^d f. 3. L L. □
• a 1.698

  T. 23. f. 2. G. □
• b 1.699

  f. 2. a a a a. □
• c 1.700

  f. 4. L. f. 6. A. □
• d 1.701

  f. 6. e e e. □
• e 1.702

  f. 6. D D. □
• f 1.703

  f. 5. d d d d. □
• g 1.704

  ••. f. 3. O. f. 5. b b. □
• i 1.705

  f. 5. b b. e □
• * 1.706

  〈…〉〈…〉 the Veines of the upper▪ Limbes▪ Axillaru.
• k 1.707

  T. 24. f. 1 A. □
• l 1.708

  f. 1. B B B. □
• m 1.709

  f. 1. ••. m m. □
• * 1.710

  Thoracica.
• n 1.711

  T. 12. f. 1. a a a a. □
• o 1.712

  T 24. f. 1. C C. □
• * 1.713

  Basilica.
• p 1.714

  f. 1. e e. &c. □
• * 1.715

  T. 24. f. 1. x. y. &c.
• * 1.716

  ^h f. 3. P. f. 5. c. □
• b 1.717

  1. t t. &c. □
• * 1.718

  Mediana.
• c 1.719

  f. 1. f f. □
• d 1.720

  f. 2. A. by L. □
• e 1.721

  f. 3. ••. 1. &c. □
• f 1.722

  T. 22. f. 1. G. □
• g 1.723

  T. 24. f. 1. i i. &c. □
• h 1.724

  f. 1 •• □
• * 1.725

  Salvatella.
• * 1.726

  f. h □
• k 1.727

  f. 1. g □
• l 1.728

  f. 1. o o. x. y. &c. □
• * 1.729

  Anastomosis of the Veines and Arteries.
• * 1.730

  f. 7. the whol □
• * 1.731

  The Valves of the Veins
• n 1.732

  f. 8. the whole □
• * 1.733

  Their use.
• * 1.734

  The Arteries. Axillaris.
• a 1.735

  T. 24. f. 2. A. □
• b 1.736

  f. 2. c. d. □
• * 1.737

  Thoracica▪
• c 1.738

  f. 2 C. B. □
• d 1.739

  f. 2. B. □
• * 1.740

  Ram•• minores.
• * 1.741

  The Nerves.
• f 1.742

  f. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. □
• g 1.743

  f. 3. 1. □
• h 1.744

  f. 3. a. b. c. d. e. □
• i 1.745

  f. 3 X X. □
• * 1.746

  ^e f. 2. C. □
• a 1.747

  T. 24. f. 3. f f. □
• b 1.748

  T. 24. f. 3. I I. □
• c 1.749

  T. 24. f. 3. g g. □
• * 1.750

  Primus.
• d 1.751

  T. 24. f. 3. K K. □
• * 1.752

  Secundus.
• e 1.753

  T. 24. f. 3. h h. □
• * 1.754

  Tertius.
• * 1.755

  Quartus.
• b 1.756

  T. 24. f. 4. A. □
• * 1.757

  The veines of the lower Limbes. Poplitea.
• c 1.758

  T. 24. f. 4. a a a. □
• e 1.759

  T. 24. f. 4. a. beneath □
• * 1.760

  Saphena.
• f 1.761

  T. 24. f. 4. b b. &c. □
• * 1.762

  ^a T. 24. f. 3. i i. □
• * 1.763

  ^d T. 24. f. 4. f f f. □
• * 1.764

  Ischiadicus.
• b 1.765

  T. 24. f. 4 d d. □
• b 1.766

  T. 24. f. 4. g g. □
• * 1.767

  Muscularis.
• * 1.768

  The lesser branches.
• c 1.769

  T. 24. f. 4. h h. □
• d 1.770

  T. 24. f. 4. g g. □
• e 1.771

  T. 24. f. 5. A A. □
• * 1.772

  The Arteries.
• * 1.773

  Cruralis.
• f 1.774

  T 24. f. 5. &c. □
• g 1.775

  T. 24. f. 5. d d. &c. □
• * 1.776

  ^a T. 24. f. 4. c c. &c. □
• * 1.777

  Its branches.
• a 1.778

  T. 24. f. 5. i i □
• * 1.779

  The Nerves of the fore par••. The first.
• c 1.780

  T. 24. f. 6. B C D. &c. □
• d 1.781

  T. 24. f. 6. 3. 4. 5. □
• * 1.782

  •…•…e second.
• * 1.783

  Of the Hind∣part. The first.
• g 1.784

  T. 24. f. 6. i. k l. &c. □
• * 1.785

  ^b T. 24. f. 5. I I. □
• * 1.786

  ^e T. 24. f. 6. E E. □
• * 1.787

  ^f T. 24. f. 6. 6. □
• * 1.788

  Its Branches▪
• * 1.789

  A Bastard Sci∣atica what?
• * 1.790

  The second.
• * 1.791

  Varices what they hee?
• * 1.792

  Their Cure.
• * 1.793

  Whether a veine cut off will grow againe?
• * 1.794

  •• Bloody sweats whence they proceed?
• * 1.795

  The motion of the vessels how abolished?
• * 1.796

  How the moti∣on of the pulse in the Arteries can be stopped, while the Heart moves.
• * 1.797

  The Pulse is last felt in the crural Arterie
• * 1.798

  Aneurisma, what it is?