The antipathie of the English lordly prelacie, both to regall monarchy, and civill unity: or, An historicall collection of the severall execrable treasons, conspiracies, rebellions, seditions, state-schismes, contumacies, oppressions, & anti-monarchicall practices, of our English, Brittish, French, Scottish, & Irish lordly prelates, against our kings, kingdomes, laws, liberties; and of the severall warres, and civill dissentions occasioned by them in, or against our realm, in former and latter ages Together with the judgement of our owne ancient writers, & most judicious authors, touching the pretended divine jurisdiction, the calling, lordlinesse, temporalities, wealth, secular imployments, trayterous practises, unprofitablenesse, and mischievousnesse of lordly prelates, both to King, state, Church; with an answer to the chiefe objections made for the divinity, or continuance of their lordly function. The first part. By William Prynne, late (and now againe) an utter-barester of Lincolnes Inne.

The Bishops of Scotlands acts in this kinde.

TO passe from Normandy to Scotland; before I enter into a Relation of any of the Scotish Prelates actions; I shall inform you what a 1.1 Holinshed writes of King Davids erection of Bisho∣prickes in Scotland, and his endowing of them with large tem∣porall possessions. This Church in the originall plantation of the Gospell having beene governed onely by Presbyters, and wanting Bishops for some hundred of yeares, following here∣in the custome of the Primitive Church, asb 1.2 Iohn Fordon,c 1.3 Iohn Major,d 1.4 Bishop Vsher, and * 1.5 Spelman testifie; David King of Scots erected foure Bishoprickes, within this Realme, Rosse, Brochin, Dunkeld and Dublaine, indowing them with rich Rents, faire Lands, and sundry right commodious possessions. Moreover, he translated the Bishops See of Murthlake unto Aberden, for sundry advised considerations, augmenting it with certaine re∣venues, as he thought expedient. He was admonished (as the report goeth) in his sleepe, that he should build an Abbey for a religious Order, to live in together;* 1.6 Whereupon he sent for workemen into France, and Flanders, and set them in hand to build this Abbey of Canons regular, as he was admonish∣ed, dedicating it in the honour of a Crosse (whereunto he bare speciall devotion) for that very strangely it slipped into his

hands on a time, as he was pursuing and following of a Hart in the Chase: But enough of these Monkish devises. Many prudent men blame greatly the unmeasurable liberality of King David;* 1.7 which he used towards the Church, in diminishing so hugely the revenues of the Crowne, being the cause that many Noble Princes his Successors, have come to their finall ends, for that they have beene constrained through want of treasure to maintaine their royall estates, to procure the fall of sundry great Houses, to possesse their Lands and livings; also, to raise payments and exactions of the Common people, to the utter impoverishment of the Realme. And sometime they have beene constrained to invade England by warres, as desperate men not caring what came of their lives. Other whiles they have beene enforced to stampe naughty money to the great prejudice of the Common wealth. All which mischiefes have followed since the time that the Church hath beene thus enrich∣ed, and the Crowne impoverished.* 1.8 Therefore King Iames the first, when he came to King Davids Sepulcher at Dunfirm∣ling, he said;* 1.9 that he was a sore Saint for the Crowne.* 1.10 Meaning that he left the Church over-rich, and the Crowne too poore. For he tooke from the Crowne (as Iohn Major writeth in his Chronicles) 60000. pound Scotish of yearely revenues;* 1.11 Where∣with he endowed those Abbyes. But if King David had consi∣dered how to nourish true Religion, he had neither endowed Churches with such riches, nor built them with such royalty, for the superfluous possessions of the Church (as they are now used) are not onely occasion to evill Prelates to live in most in∣solent pompe and corrupt life,* 1.12 but an assured Net to draw gold and silver out of Realmes. Thus Holinshed of the Bishops and Bishoprickes of Scotland in generall.

In a f 1.13 Convocation at Fairefax under King Gregory, Anno, 875. It was decreed by the Bishops of Scotland, that Ordina∣ries and Bishops should have authority to order all men, both pub∣like and private (yea Kings themselves) as well for the keeping of Faith given, as to constraine them to confirme the same, and to punish such as should be found in the contrary. This was a high straine of insolency and treachery against the Prerogative of the King and Nobles priviledges, whom these Prelates endeavoured to en∣thrall to their Lordly pleasures; and perchance it was in affront of King Davids Law who ordained Anno 860. (but 15. yeares

before) that Priests should attend their Cures, and not intermed∣dle with secular businesses, or keepe Horses, Haukes, or Hounds. A very good Law, had it beene as well executed.

Anno g 1.14 1294. the Scots conspiring together against their Soveraigne Lord and King, Iohn Bailiol, rose up in armes a∣gainst him, and inclosing him in a Castle, they elected to them∣selves twelve Peeres after the manner of France; whereof the foure first were Bishops, by whose will and direction all the af∣faires of the Kingdome should be managed. And this was done in despite to disgrace the King of England, who set the said Iohn over them against their wils. Whereupon the King of England brought an Army towards Scotland, in Lent following, to represse the rash arrogancy and presumption of the Scots•• against their owne Father and King; and miserably wasted the Country, over-running it quite, and making both them and their King whom he tooke Prisoner, to doe homage, and sweare feal••y, and give pledges to him as * 1.15 Walsingham reci••es more at large. Among these Bishops it seemes that the Bishop of ••lascow was one of the chiefe opposites against the King of Scotland and England, for Anno 1298. I finde this Bishop one of the chiefe Captaines of the Rebellious Scots, and leading an Army in the field; which being disbanded for feare of the Eng∣lish forces, upon promise of pardon, this Bishop Ne proditionis notam incurreret, lest he should incurre the brand of treason, rendred himselfe to Earle Warren sent into Scotland with an Army, who committed him prisoner to the Castle of Rok••burrow, for a Rebell, where he was detained.

* 1.16William of * 1.17 Neubery records; Tha•• David King of Scots was divinely chastised by one Wimundus, an English man of obscure parents, made Bishop of the Scottish Islands; who waxing proud of his Bishopricke, began to attempt great matters: Not con∣tent with the dignity of his Episcopall Office, he did now in his mind walke in great and wonderfull matters above himselfe, having a mouth speaking great things, with a most vaine heart. In conclusion, gathering together Poore and bold men, no•• fearing the judgement of verity, he gave out himselfe to be the Sonne of Count Murrey, spoyled of the inheritance of his Fa∣thers, by the King of Scots; that he had an intention no•• one∣ly to prosecute his right, but likewise ••o revenge his wrongs; that he desired to have them, the Consorts both of his danger

and fortune•• that i•• was a businesse verily of some labour and danger, but of great reputation, and much emolument. All of them therefore being animated by, and sworne to his words, he began cruelly to play Rex through the Neighbour Islands, and he was now like Nemroth, A mighty hunter before the Lord, dis∣daining according to the duty of his Episcopall Office, to be a Fisher of Men, like Peter, his Millitary troopes encreasing day∣ly, amongst whom, he being taller than the rest, almost by the head and shoulders, like a great Generall, inflamed the mindes of all the rest. He made excursions into the Provinces of Scot∣land, exterminating all things with rapines and murthers; and when as a royall Army was sent against him, retyring himselfe into remote Forrests, or ••lying backe into the Ocean, he elu∣ded all their warlike preparations; and the Army retyring, hee brake out againe out of his lurking places, to infest the Pro∣vinces. When therefore he prospered in all things, and be∣came now terrible, even to the King himselfe; a certaine Bishop a most simple man, mi••aculously repressed his violence for a time; to whom, when he denouncing warre, threatned utter devastation, unlesse he would pay him a tribute; He answe∣red, The will of the Lord be done, for by my example, never shall any Bishop be made the tributary to another Bishop. There∣fore, having exhorted his people, he meetes him comming with fury, onely greater than he in Faith, but farre unlike him in other things, and for the encouragement of his Souldiers, he himselfe giving the first stroke of the battle, casting a small Axe at him, by Gods good pleasure prostrated the enemy marching in the front: With whose fall the people being encouraged, rann•• violently upon the Robbers, and slaying a great part of them, compelled the most fierce captaine unmanfully to fly. This, hee himselfe was wont afterwards to relate among his friends with mirth, as glorying, That onely God could over come him by the Faith of a simple Bishop. After this, resuming his Forces, he wasted the I••lands and Provinces of Scotland, as at first: Whereupon the King was compelled to appease this Robber; to which end using better counsell than formerly, he ••esolved, to deale wisely with a proud and cra••ty enemy, with whom he could not deale valiantly: Therefore granting to him a certaine Province, with the monastery of Fornace, he suspen∣ded his excursions for a time. But when as he gloriously pas∣sed

through the subdued Province like a King, with a power∣full army, and became exceeding troublesome to the Mona∣stery it selfe of which he had beene a Monke; by the consent of the Nobles (who hated either his power, or his insolence) some Inhabitants of the said Province laid waite for him: and having gotten a convenient time, when as hee followed the multitude he had sent before him to his lodging, with a slow pace, and a small guard, they apprehending him, bound him and put out both his eyes, because both were wicked: and cutting off the cause of a virulent race, they gelt him (writes my Author) for the peace of the Kingdome of Scotland, not for the Kingdome of Heaven: This Bishop, thus emasculated, af∣terwards came to Belleland, and there continued quiet many yeares till his death; Yet he is reported then to have said, that if he had the eye but of a Sparrow, his Enemyes should no way insult off their Acts against him. So Neubrigens••s. If all our Lordly Bishops were gelt like this, for the peace of the Kingdome, both of Scotland and England, that we might be no more troubled with this their Lordly virulent generation in ••uture ages, I presume it would be as great a blessing, as could befall both Kingdomes and Churches.

* 1.18 About the yeare 1230.* 1.19 the men of Cathnes, sore offended with their Bishop, named Adam, for that upon refusall to pay their Tithes, he had accursed and excommunicated them, fel up∣on him within his owne house; And first scourging him with Rods, at length set fire upon him, and burnt him within his owne kitchin: Which Act being reported to the Sco••tish King Alexander, as then sojourning at Edenburgh, he hasted forth with all speed to punish the offenders,* 1.20 not ceasing till he had taken 400••. of them•• all which number he caused to be hang∣ed; and for that he would have no succession to come of such a wicked seed, he appointed all their Sons to lose their stones. The place where they were so gelded, is called even to this day the Stony-hill.* 1.21 The Ea••le of Cathnes, for that he neither suc∣coured the Bishop in time of need, nor yet sought to punish the offenders that did this cruell deed, was deprived of his Earledome,* 1.22 and the Lands belonging to the same. The Pope highly commended King Alexander,* 1.23 for this punishment taken of them that had so cruelly murthered their Bishop. Thus was one small cruelty occasioned by this Bishops covetousnesse, and

perversenesse, punished with a farre greater; yea, such a one as is hardly parralleld in story; and that by the instigation of the Prelates and Pope, who applauded this barbarous cruelty. Had all Lordly, Traytorly, Rebellious, and Seditious Prelates beene thus gelded, that no succession migh•• spring from their wicked seed, to infest both Chu••ch and State, it had beene a more profitable and commendable action, than the gelding of these poore Laymen.

King * 1.24 Iames the fourth,* 1.25 Anno 1504. when he had formerly ministred justice so amongst his Subjects, that they lived in great peace and quietnesse, William Elfinstone Bishop of Aberdene, one of his Counsell, devised wayes to win the King great profit and gaine, by calling his Barons, and all those that held any Lands within this Realme, to shew their evidences by way of recognition; and if they had not sufficient writings to shew, warrantabl•• by the antecedent Lawes of the Kingdome, the Lands should remaine at the Kings pleasure. But when the King perceived his people to grudge herewith, and not with∣out ca••se, as with a thing devised to disquiet his people and the whole Country; of his owne courteous nature he easily a∣greed with the possessors of such Lands: For the which he purchased great love amongst his people, and the Bishop, the deviser of this Ordinance, wanne passing great hatred and malice.* 1.26

Anno. 1521. * 1.27 A Parliament was summoned to be kept at E∣denburgh, the 26. of Ianuary, and a generall Sommons of for∣••eiture proclaimed at the Market Crosse in Edenburgh, wherein divers were sommoned to make their appearance in the said Parliament, to be tryed for sundry great offences by them com∣mitted: Whereupon Gawin Dowglasse Bishop of Dunkeld hea∣ring of this Proclamation (though not named in it) conscious to himselfe of great offences, fled into England, and remained a•• London in the Savoy, where he dyed.

Anno 1569. * 1.28 There was a great rebellion in the North by the Earles of Westmorland and Northumberland and others:* 1.29 Mur∣ray then Regent of Scotland, informed Queene Elizabeth, that the Bishop of Rosse, then in England was the Authour of that Rebellion, whereupon he was committed to the Bishop of Lon∣don, to remaine his Prisoner.

As the Archbishops of Canterbury Primates of all England,

have beene the greatest Traytors and Incendiaries of all other our Prelates; so have the Bishops and Archbishops of Saint Andrewes, Primates of all Scotland, beene the like in that Realme, of which I shall give you a taste.

* 1.30 In the yeare of our Lord 1180. Richard Bishop of Saint An∣drews deceasing, there arose a great Schisme about the election of a new Bishop; for the canons of the Church of S. Andrews, elected Iohn Scot for their Bishop, and William King of Scots, made choyce of Hugh his Chaplaine, and caused him to be consecra∣ted by the Bishops of his Kingdome, notwithstanding the said Iohns appeale to the Pope. Whereupon Pope Alexander sent Alexis a sub-Deacon of the Church of Rome into Scotland, to heare and determine the controversie betweene these two com∣petitors: Who after a long debate, finding, that the said Iohn was Canonically elected, and that Hugh after the ap∣peale to the Pope, was violently intruded by the King into the Bishopricke of Saint Andrewes, immediately deposed him from his Bishopricke, and by his authority imposed perpetuall si∣lence on him; confirmed the election of Iohn, and caused him to be consecrated Bishop of Saint Andrewes, by the Bishops of Scotland, the King neither prohibiting nor contradicting it, yea, permitting it by the Counsell of the Bishops of his Realme. But immediately after his consecration, the King prohibited him to stay within his kingdome: and Hugh carryed himselfe as Bishop, no lesse than he did before his deprivation; and taking with him the Episcopall Chaplet, Staffe, and Ring, with o∣ther things, he unlawfully detaining them, and beginning his journey towards Rome, departed. And because he would not restore the things he carryed away, Allexis excommunica∣ted him, interdicted his Bishopricke, and the Pope confirmed that sentence. Hereupon the Pope writes three Letters; one to the Bishops, Abbots, and Prelates of all Scotland, the Prior of Saint Andrewes, and the Clergy and people of that Diocesse, honourably to receive Iohn as their Bishop, within 8 dayes af∣ter the receipt of this Letter, and to submit unto him as their Bishop; and putting on the spirit of fortitude to labour wisely and manfully for the preservation of Ecclesiasticall Justice, and to endeavour to appease the Kings displeasure; But if the King were averse, or inclining to the Counsell of wicked men, then they ought to obey God and the holy Church of Rome more than

men; otherwise he must and would ratifie the sentence which Hugh Bishop of Durham had pronounced against the contuma∣cious and rebellious. Another Letter to all the Bishops and Prelates of Scotland, to denounce Hugh excommunicated, and to avoyd his company as an excommunicate Person, till he re∣stored to Iohn, the goods of the Church he had taken away, and given him competent satisfaction for the things he had destroy∣ed. Moreover, the Pope granted to Roger Arch-bishop of Yorke, a power Legatine in Scotland, and commanded him that he, together wi••h Hugh, Bishop of Durham, should denounce a ••entence of excommunication against the King of Scotland, and in∣terdict his Kingdome, unlesse he would permit the said Iohn to hold his Bishopricke in peace, and give security to him to keepe the peace; And the same Pope strictly commanded Iohn, by vertue of his canonicall obedience, that neither act of love, nor feare o•• any man, nor through any mans suggestion or will, he should rashly presume to relinquish the Church of Saint Andrewes, to which he was consecrated, and in which he was confirmed by Apostolicall authority, nor presume to receive another Bi∣shopricke; adding, that if he should attempt it, he would take away both Bishopricks from him without exception. After which, Pope Alexander writ a Letter to King William himselfe, enjoyning him thereby within twenty dayes after the receipt thereof, to give peace and security to the Bishop: and to receive him unto his favour, so that he ought not to doubt the Kings indignation; Alioquin noveritis, &c. Else he should know, that he had commanded Roger Archbishop of Yorke, Legate of the Apostolicke See in Scotland, to put his Kingdome under inter∣dict, and to excommunicate his person notwithstanding any appeale. And that he should know for certaine, that if he persisted in his violence, as he had formerly laboured that his kingdome might have liberty, so he would thenceforth doe his endea∣vour, Vt in pristinam subjectionem revertatur, that it should re∣vert unto its Priestine subjection: (He meant, I take it, not to himselfe but to England;) But the King obeying in nothing, his Apostolicall mandates, expelled Iohn, Bishop of Saint An∣drewes, and Matthew, Bishop of Aberden, his Uncle, o••t of his kingdome; Whereupon Roger Arch-bishop of Yorke, Hugh Bishop of Durham, and Alexis prosecuting the Popes command, Pronounced a Sentence of Excommunication against the Kings per∣son,

and a sentence of Interdict against his Kingdome. And Iohn on the other side, fulminated a sentence of excommunication against Richard de M••rtue Constable of Scotland, and other of the Kings familiars, who disturbed the peace betweene the King and him; And Roger of Yorke, and Hugh of Durham, like∣wise enjoyned the Prior of Saint Andrewes, and all Ecclesi∣asticall persons within the Diocesse, to come to Iohn their Bi∣shop, and yeeld due subjection to him; else they would pro∣nounce a sentence of suspention against them, as contumacious and rebellious. And when as certaine Ecclesiastickes of the Diocesse, for feare of the said suspension, came to the said Iohn, the King cast them all out of his kingdome, with their children and kindred, and with their very sucking children, yet lying in their swathing cloutes and hanging on their Mothers brests; Whose miserable proscription and exile, the foresaid Roger of Yorke, and Hugh of Durham beholding, Reiterated their former excommunication and interdiction; Commanding all Bishops, Abbots, Priors, and Ecclesiasticall persons, firmely, and unmoveably to observe the same, and very warily to shunne the King himselfe, as an excom∣municate Person. Not long after Roger of Yorke fell sicke and dyed, which the King of Scot•• hearing, rejoyced exceedingly thereat. And taking advise with the Bishops, Earles, and o∣ther wise men of his kingdome, he sent Ioceline Bishop of Gla∣scow, Arnulfe Abbot of Melros, and others to Pope Lucius to absolve him from the foresaid Excommunication and interdict; and if they might by any meanes, to procure Iohn to be depri∣ved: By whose solicitation the Pope released the Excommu∣nication and interdict, as appeares by his Letter to the King, recorded at large by Hoveden. After which the Pope sent one Rolland Elect Bishop of Dole into Scotland, to make peace be∣tweene the King and Iohn; who after long debate made this accord; that Hugh should abjure the Bishopricke of Saint An∣drewe••; and that Iohn should also release all his claimes there∣to, and in leiu thereof should have the Bishopricke of Dun∣kelden, and all the rents he had before the election, and the Chancery of the King, and forty markes rent out of the Bi∣shopricke of Saint Andrewes. But Hugh, when the King requi∣red him to renounce his Bishopricke, answered, That he would rather receive his judgement in the Court of Rome, than thus ab∣jure his Bishopricke, to which he had beene consecrated. And forth∣with

he reproved the Letters which Iohn had impetrated from Rome against him of falsehood, and appealed to the Pope: Whereupon Rolland not able to proceed, certified the Pope at large of the agreement and proceedings. After this Iohn and Hugh appearing before the Pope and Cardinals at Velletris, their cause was fully heard and debated in their audience; whereupon, by the common Counsell of his Brethren, he de∣prived both of them, and caused them to resigne the Bishoprick into his hands, freely and absolutely; And within ••ew dayes after, by the advise of all the Cardinalls, the Pope restored and confirmed the Bishopricke of Saint Andrewes to Hugh, and gave the Bishopricke of Dunkelden, with what ever the King formerly offered, to Iohn. Both the Bishops returning home, received these severall Bishoprickes; but because the King would not restore to Iohn the things taken from him; he questioned Hugh againe for the Bishopricke of Saint Andrewes: For which purpose he went to Rome, where he procured Hugh to be deposed, (though but newly setled there before) and brought with him five severall Letters from Pope Clement, tou∣ching this businesse: The first to Iocelin Bishop of Glascow, Matthew Bishop of Aberden, and others, declaring the deposi∣tion of Hugh, and absolving all within his Diocesse from his subjection and obedience; and enjoyning them to elect Iohn, and receive him for their Bishop: The second to William King of Scots, to receive Iohn into favour, to remove Hugh, and in∣vest Iohn in this Bishopricke: The third to Henry the second, King of England, beseeching, admonishing, and enjoyning him as he tendred the remission of his sinnes, and out of his reve∣rence of Saint Peter, and him, diligently to admonish and per∣swade the King of Scots, Et si necesse fuerit, districtione regali, qua ei praemines, & concessa tuae regiae celsitudini potestate com∣pellas, &c. And if need were, To compell him by his royall distresse, whereby he was above him, and by the power granted to his royall Highnesse, to lay aside all his rancor against this Bishop, conceived by the malice of some whisperers, and removing all excuses to pardon him, and to permit him quietly to enjoy the Diocesse of Saint Andrewes, without any further trouble or suite, seeing he was ready, and prepared to be obedient to the King in all things: The fourth to all the Clergy, and of the Diocesse of Saint Andrewes, enjoyning them humbly and devoutly to re∣ceive

Iohn as their proper Father and Pastor, and fromthence∣forth to give all due reverence and obedience to his wholesome admonitions, and mandates wi••hout any di••••imulation: decla∣ring all elections of any other to the Bishopricke, voyd, and threatning to put all the Diocesse under interdict, if they pre∣sumed to conspire against Iohn, untill they should acknowledge their offence, and submit unto him. The fifth to three Scot∣tish Bishops, and sundry Abbots, reciting how great persecu∣tions, calamities, and pressures the Church of Saint Andrewes had suffered under the shadow of the Kings indignation; and what great dangers and labours Iohn had sustained ••or the pre∣servation of the liberties of the Church committed to him, con∣firmed by two Popes his predecessours; and requiring them after the receipt of this Letter, to meete together like wise and provident men, and to goe to the Kings presence, and diligently to admonish, and induce him to remit the rancor of his indignation against the said Bishop, and not to contemne the Church of Rome herein, but without delay wholesomely to obey, and humbly to submit to her, and to their admonitions, as it was agreeable to his Kingly glory and salvation, and qui∣etly to permit the Bishop to enjoy the Bishopricke of Saint An∣drewes. And that i•• (which God forbid) he should resist these Apostolicall monitions to the perill of his owne salvation, then they should promulgate an i••terdict against his highnesse Kingdome, his Person, and all his Favorites and Abettors, within twenty dayes, notwithstanding any appeale, by his Apostolicall authority: And ••hould strike those with the like sentence, who were obedient to Hugh, and fomented him in his obstinacy (seeing the See Aposto∣licke had perpetually removed from Saint Andrewes, and excommu∣nicated him) and should publickely pronounce them to be excommu∣nicated as long as they did thus; and should be carefully avoyded by others, untill they should returne to the Churches obedience, and de∣maund the benefit of absolution from Iohn as their Bishop. En∣joyning them farther, to purifie and sanctifie according to the custome of the Church, all the Altars, and Chali∣ces, in which Hugh had celebrated, during his excommuni∣cation; and to suspend all the Clerkes of Saint Andrewes, both from their office and benefice, and knit them fast in the bond of excommunication, who should be contumacious and rebelli∣ous against Iohn, untill they submitted to him. The King

hearing these things, being at last overcome by the perswasion and intreaty of his friends, received Io••n into his favour; and granted him peaceably to enjoy the B••shopricke of Dunkelden, and all the Rents he formerly had before his consecration; up∣on condition, that Iohn should quite claime from all suite the Bishopricke of Saint Andrewes; which notwithstanding the Popes Letters wherewith he was furnished, he was content to doe, and to submit to the Kings mercy; knowing, That a mor∣sell of bread is better with joy, than an house full of sacrifice with con∣tention. Hugh being degraded from Saint Andrewes, and ex∣communicated goes to Rome, and giving caution to stand to the judgement of the Church, he was mercifully absolved by the Pope, and within few dayes after dyed at Rome of the plague with most of his family; Whereupon the King of Scotland gave the Bishoprick of Saint Andrews to Roger the Earle of Leicestors Sonne, then his Chancellour, Iohn being present, and not con∣tradicting it. The same * 1.31 yeare 1188. King William sent Mes∣sengers to Pope Clement, and obtained of him Letters of Pro∣tection in this forme, touching the exemption of the Churches of his Kingdome. Clemens Episcopus, servus servorum Dei, cha∣rissimo in Christo filio, Willielmo illustri Scotorum Regi, salu∣tem & Apostolicam benedictionem. Cum universi Christi jugo subjecti ad sedem Apostolicam patrocinium invenire debeant & favo∣rem, illos tamen specialius conv••nit munim••ne protectionis confove∣ri, quorum fidem ac devotionem in pluribus est experta, ut ad ip∣sius electionis favorem tanto amplius provocetur, & ejus reverentiae devotiori affectione subdantur, quanto benevolentiae ipsius & gratiae pignus se noverint certius assecutos. E•• propter (O charissime in Christo fili) reverentiam, ac devotionem, quam ad Romanam te habuisse a longis retro temporibus Ecclesiam novimus, attendentes, praesentis scripti pagina duximus statuendum, ut Scoticana Ec∣clesia Apostolicae sedi, cujus filia specialis existit, nullo mediante debeat subjacere. In qua hae sedes Episcopales esse noscuntur, Eccle∣siae videlicet, S. Andreae, Glascuensis, Dunkeldensis, Dum∣blinensis, Brehinensis, Aberdonensis, Moraviensis, Rosensen∣sis, Katinensis, & nemini liceat nisi Romano Pontifici, vel le∣gato ab ipsius latere destinato, in regnum Scotiae interdicti, vel ex∣communicationis sententiam promulgare, & si promulgata fuerit, de∣cernimus non valere, adjicimus, ut nulli de caetero, qui de regno Sco••iae non fuerit, nisi quem Apostolica sedes propter hoc de corpore

suo specialiter destinaverit, licitum sit in eo ligationis officium ex∣ercere. Prohibemus autem ut controversiae, quae fuerint in regno illo de possessionibus ejus exortae, ad examen extra regnum positorum ju∣dicum non trabantur, nisi ad Romanam Ecclesiam fuerit appellatum. Si qua vero scripta contra hujus libertatis statuta apparuerint im∣petrata, vel in posterum, istius concessionis mentione non habita, con∣tigerit impetrari, nullum tibi, vel ipsi regno circa hujus praerogati∣vae concessionem, praejudicium generetur•• praeterea libertates, & im∣munitates tibi, vel eidem regno, vel Ecclesiis in eo constitutis a prae∣decessoribus nostris Romanis pontificibus indultas, & hactenus ob∣servatas, ratas habemus, & illibatas futuris temporibus statuimus permanere. Nulli ergo hominum liceat paginam nostrae constitutio∣nis, & prohibitionis infringere, vel ei aliquatenus contraire. Si quis autem hoc attentare praesumpserit, indignationem omnipotentis Dei, & beatorum Petri & Pauli Apostolorum ejus se noverit incursurum. Datum Laterani tertia Idus Martii pontificatus nostri anno primo. Not long after the same King procured the same Letter verba∣tim from Pope Coelestine,* 1.32 in the first yeare of his Papacy. But to returne to our Bishops of this See.

* 1.33In the yeare of Grace 1306. Robert de Bruse, invader of an∣others kingdome,* 1.34 and a paricide, like Adonias, caused himselfe to be Crowned King of Scotland, in the Abbey of Schone, after the manner of his Country, by the Bishops of Saint Andrewes, and Glascow, the Abbot of Schone, and other conspirators, contrary to the Oath they and he had taken to King Edward the first: Which was the occasion of a bloody warre, as you may read more at large in our Historians.

Anno 1445. The Earle of* 1.35 Dowglas who ruled wholly a∣bout King Iames the second, set the Earle of Crawford against the Bishop of Saint Andrewes called Iames Kenedy, Sisters sonne to King Iames the first, who tooke a great prey out of the Bi∣shops Lands in Fiffe. Whereupon the Earle of Crawford on the one part, and the Earle of Huntly with the Ogilinde on the other, met at Arbroth in set battle, where the Earle of Craw∣ford, and 600. more on both sides were slaine: King Iames the second, Anno 1454. by the advise of this Bishop, dispatch∣ed out of the way, such as he any wayes mistrusted, of which number was the Dowglasses, whose puissance and authority, not without cause, he evermore suspected; he turned the Earle of Angus, and divers of the Dowglasses blood that were of their fa∣ction

from them, and made them to revolt from the other confederates, so as in the end he had them all at his pleasure•• Anno 1462. All things at that season were ordered by the ad∣vice and Counsell of this Bishop, who governed the Realme of Scotland, as well during the minority of Iames the third, as also in the dayes of his Father, King Iames the second. And was the occasion of many tumults and warres therein.* 1.36

The * 1.37 Scots ••eeking meanes to rid th••mselves from subjecti∣on of the Bishop of Yorke, who was anciently the Metropoli∣tane of Scotland, did in the yeare of Christ 1474. obtaine of the Pope, that they might have a Metropolitane See within themselves, by reason of the continuall warres which were be∣tweene the two Nations,* 1.38 during which they could neither use appellations to their Metropolitane, nor have other Bishops consecra••ed. Whereupon the Pope erected the Church of Saint Andrewes into an Arch-Bishopricke in the time of King Iames the third, touching which, thus writeth Lesleus, li. 8. p. 317. Hoc anno (which was the yeare of Christ 1474) Patri∣cius Grahamus sedis Andreapolitanae Ecclesiae Episcopus crebris li∣teris ac nuntiis a Papa efflagitavit, ut Metropolitana potestas in divi Andreae civitate figeretur; iniquum esse enim contendit, ut Scoti ab Eboracensi Episcopo tanquam primate penderent, cum propter crebra bella (quibus se Scoti & Angli mutuo lacessunt) Scotis ad illum non pateretur tutus accessus, nec liberum jus, praesertim in ap∣pellationibus. Annuit summus Pontifex, ut Andreapolitano dein∣ceps Episcopo potestas Metropolitana incumbat; dies indulto Pontifici promulgandi mense Septembri dicta est, atque maxima populi no∣biliumque laetitia celebrata. Episcopi reliqui Grahami odio flagrantes illius authoritatem repudiant, Regisque animum ingenti pecunia (which was as other Authours say eleven thousand Markes) occupant, ne Grahami partibus studeret. Interea praesules Romam mittunt qui sui defensionem contra Grahamum suscipiunt. But in the end they did not prevaile. Graham was made Arch bi∣shop. Patricke Graham being Bishop of Saint Andrewes, and the first Archbishop of that See,* 1.39 was after his advancement to that title deprived in this sort. * 1.40 In the yeare of Christ 1477•• Pope Xistus, the fourth of that name, sent a Legate called Hus∣man, into Scotland, which should displace this Patricke the Archbishop of Saint Andrewes, condemned by the sentence of the Pope and the Cardinals, for an Heretique, Schismaticke,

Simonicke; Whereupon he was deprived of all Ecclesiasti∣call dignity, and commanded to perpetuall Prison. In whose place was William Schewes chosen, to whose custody and dis∣position this Patricke was committed, after which Graham be∣ing removed for his safe imprisonment first to Saint Colmes Isle, then to Dumfermling, and lastly to Lochelevine, there in the end he dyed, and was buryed in Saint Sarffis, or Servimanus Isle in Lochelevine, after that he had beene three yeares Arch Bi∣shop.

* 1.41William * 1.42 Schewes being created Archbishop of Saint An∣drewes, in the yeare of Christ, 1478. as some have, or 1479•• as others have it, in the Holy-Rood House in Edenburgh, in the presence of King Iames, and many of the Nobility received the Pall, as the ensigne of his Metropolitane power, being decla∣red Legate and Primate of Sco••land; at what time he was not withstood by any of the o••her Bishops, who being estranged from shewing any favour to Graham, did often in••ringe his au∣thority, and in the end expelled the same Graham from his Archiepiscopall See. After which in the yeare of Christ 1482. This Archbishop Schewes, fled into his owne Country, and after at the request of the King, resigned his Archbishopricke, contenting himselfe with the Bishopricke of Murry.

* 1.43Andrew* 1.44 Steward Uncle to King Iames the third, was up∣on the resignation of William Schews made Archbishop of Saint Andrewes; after which in the yeare of Christ 1484. the King sent this Archbishop Embassadour to Rome for the obtaining of certaine priviledges, which he brought to effect.

In the * 1.45 yeare of Christ 1491. in the time of King Iames the fourth, about the third yeare of his Raigne was great contenti∣on betweene the Archbishops of Saint Andrewes and Glascow touching both their Authorities•• Which when it had drawne many of the Nobility into divers factions, it was ceased by the King for a certaine time, untill all doubt thereof might be ta∣ken away by deciding the same by the Canon Law, before Ec∣clesiasticall Judges. Then in the yeare of Christ 1507. being about the nineteenth yeare of Iames the fourth, the Bishop of Saint Andrewes with the Earle of Arrane were sent Embassadors into France.

* 1.46Alexander * 1.47 Steward, Bastard Sonne to King Iames the fourth was made Archbishop of Saint Andrewes in the yeare of Christ

1510. About the 22. yeare of the Raigne of the same Iames the fourth. This man having long studyed with Erasmus in Germany, and in the Low Countries, was advanced to this See of the Arch bishopricke, when he was yet in Flaunders; who having intelligence thereof by his friends, came forthwith into Scotland, where he was joyfully received by the King, the No∣bility and his kindred: He was slaine together with his Fa∣ther King Iames the fourth, and a Scottish Bishop more, at Plo∣den field in the yeare of Christ 1513. * 1.48 The Cardinall of Scot∣land promised the Scots Heaven, for the destruction of England•• Perhaps they might obtaine it by their deaths, but they got no more English earth then would interre their slaine bodies. After which Iohn Hepburne Prior of Saint Andrewes strongly be∣sieged the Castle of Saint Andrewes, and forced the same to be yeelded unto him; the cause of whi••h besiege grew, that Hep∣burne being chosen Bishop of Saint Andrewes, by his Canons of that Church (whereunto the whole Nobility were helpers) was hindered to possesse that Archbishopricke by such stipen∣dary people of Gawine Dowglasse, as kept the Castle, * 1.49 where∣upon the Queene, and the Earle of Angus, after that they un∣derstood how the Castle was by force come into the hands of Hepburne, did take in evill part, that he who was so trouble∣some unto them, should ascend to so high a dignity, and that G••wine Dowglasse, so deerely to them beloved, and to whom they had given that Bishopricke, should be helplesse of the re∣covery thereof. Whereupon the Queene, and the Duke of Albany, diligently laboured by Embassadours sent to Rome, that a third person (sith Gawin Dowglasse could not obtaine it) might be advanced thereunto; which third man was Andrew Forman Bishop of Murry, further requiring therewithall; that he might be Abbot of Dumfermling and Aberbroth, which in the end with much intreaty they obtained of the Pope.

* 1.50 Andrew Forman Bishop of Murry,* 1.51 was at Edenburgh by the Popes Bulls on the eighth of the Kalends of Ianuary in the yeare of Christ 1515. being about the second yeare of the Raigne of Iames the fifth, declared Archbishop of Saint Andrewes, and Abbot of Dumfermeling, and Aberbroth. Whereupon the Pri∣or of Sain•• Andrewes before named, still contending that he was Archbishop, both in respect of the election of the Coven, and the consent of the Nobility, did labour all he could against For∣man,

appealing him to Rome; for which cause he with the Lord Hales and other his friends come to Edenburgh to defend the matter, at what time the Lord Hume Chamberlaine of Scotland, and such others as openly assisted Forman, did oppose them∣selves against the Prior; which Nobility because they were great in the Court, did the more molest and hinder Hepburne; shortly after by publike Edict, and Proclamation of the King, banishing the Prior and his followers, proclaiming them Re∣bels, and putting them to the home. Hepburne being stricken with the sharpenesse of that Precept, did privily depart the Towne, and the Prior went to Rome, hoping by the Popes au∣thority to wrest from Forman the Archbishopricke, which he could not obtaine by violence. But how he sped at Rome I doe not know, for I onely finde this, that in the yeare follow∣ing, being the yeare of Christ, 1516. about the third yeare of the same Iames the fifth, that the Governour perceiving, that all these contentions, hatreds and divisions of the Nobility did arise by these bralls, which were betweene Forman and Hep∣burne for the See of Saint Andrewes to the great di••quieting of the Realme, by such part-takings as chanced thereabouts among the Lords, desired to cure this grievous wound made in the Common-wealth. Wherefore he perswaded Andrew Forman, that he should resigne all his Ecclesiasticall Benefices into his hands in an open assembly at Edenburgh, for by that meanes, the Governour thought that he might pacifie the minds of the No∣bility, and utterly rout out those branches of dissention. Where∣upon there was a day appointed to the Nobility to assemble, at what time Andrew Forman freely resigned to the Governour the Duke of Albanie, all his Ecclesiasticall promotions to be disposed at the Dukes pleasure. In consideration thereof the Duke bestowed the Archbishopricke of Saint Andrewes, and the Abbey of Dumfermling upon the same Andrew Forman, and gave the Bishopricke of Murry to Iames Hepburne, (greatly fa∣voured of the Earle Bothwell, and the Competitor of Forman) being thereunto substitute by Iohn Hepburne P••ior of Saint An∣drewes in the place of the said Iohn, to whom moreover the Duke appointed a yeerely pension of 1000. markes to be paid by the same Forman out of the Abbey of Dumfermling; After which about sixe yeares or somewhat le••••e, this Forman departed this Life, being in the yeare of Christ 1522. and the ninth yeare

of King Iames the fifth, to whom succeeded Iames Beton.

Iames* 1.52 Beton Archbishop of Glascow,* 1.53 was Chancellor in the yeare of Christ, 1513. being the first yeare of King Iames the fifth. This man being of great wisedome was appointed a∣mongst others to assist the Queene in the government of the Realme, whereunto she was for a time advanced;* 1.54 but the wo∣man not induring to be directed by others, taking quarrell a∣gainst the Bishop, did immediately after the marriage perfor∣med, the sixth of August, in the yeare of Christ 1514. betweene her and Archibald Dowglasse Earle of Angus (which this Bishop incountred as much as he could) take the great Seal•• from the said Bishop of Glascow, at Saint Iohns Towne; whereupon the Bishop got him to Edenburgh, and assisted with many Lords, kept the Queene and her husband out of that Towne; where∣by great dissention and part-taking was raised amongst the No∣bility of the Realme. But as I gather, peace being made be∣tweene them, he was againe made Chancellor. After this, in the yeare of Christ, 1515. he commeth with the Earle of Arrane, who submitteth himselfe to the Governour; Shortly following, the Governour gave to this Archbishop of Glascow, the Abbey of Arbroth, assigning to the Earle of Murrey, a large pension out of the same; which Bishop being thus in favour with the Governour, was (in the yeare of Christ 1517. in May, when the Governour went into France) appointed amongst others, to have the Rule of the Realme, untill his returne. Two yeares after which, the Nobility being divided about the quar∣rell of the Earle of Angus and Arrane, this Bishop in the yeare of Christ 1519. being then also Chancellor, with other No∣blemen of the Realme, kept the Towne of Glascow; but after that, this Chancellour, who would not come to Edenburgh, the King of England and of France, their Embassadors came to Ster∣ling, where a peace was proclaimed amongst the Nobility. But what can long continue in one stay, or what peace will be long embraced amongst ambitious mindes, sith in the yeare following, being the yeare of Christ 1••20. the Noblemen ••ell againe to factions; For when divers of the Peeres were come to Edenburgh to aide the Earle of Angus against the Earle of Arrane (this Chancellor remaining then in the Towne) they pursued the Earle and Chancellour so hotly, that they were both constrained to forsake the Towne and to fly through the

North locke, about the thirteenth day of Aprill. But as the e∣vents of quarrels be doubtfull, now up, now downe, so this Archbishop, not long a••ter this disgrace, recovered breath, and in November following, did accompany the Regent come out of France to Edenburgh, where was a Parliament holden to sum∣mon the Earle of Angus to appeare; but he refusing, it was agreed, that the Earle should passe into England, there to re∣maine. The Bishop thus having the better of his enemies, An∣drew Forman Bishop of Saint Andrewes dyed in the yeare 1522 being about the ninth yeare of Iames the first, by occasion whereof this Chancellor Iames Beton Bishop of Glascow, was advanced to that See, and ••urther made Abbot of Dumfermling. Upon which new honour in the yeare of Christ 1524. He was appointed one of the Governours of the Realme by Parlia∣ment, but he not possessing this honour any long time, the Earle of Angus (who had gotten the King into his usurped government, and denyed the delivery of the King: being sent for by this Bishop, and the other Nobility) sent to the Chan∣cellor for the grea•• Seale, which was delivered to the Messen∣gers; upon which this Bishop not forgetting the same, hasten∣ed the sentence of divorce, sued before him between the Queen and the Earle of Angus. Whereof the Earle to revenge the same, did with the King, in the yeare of Christ 1526. seeke for the Queene and the Bishop of Saint Andrewes; but because they were kept secretly in their friends houses, so that they could not be heard of; He spoyled the Abbey of Dumferm∣ling, and the Castle of Saint Andrewes, taking away all that the Archbishop had. Notwithstanding which, the Archbishop keeping in favour with the old Queene, and the young King, did in the yeare of Christ 1529, and in the sixteenth yeare o•• James the fifth, Christen James the King•• Sonne bo••ne at Saint Andrewes, and not long after surrendred his Soule to God.

* 1.55Anno 1542. * 1.56 Immediately after the death of James the fif••h of Scotland, David Beton Cardinall, and Archbishop of Saint Andrewes, the speciall Minister and factor of the French causes to the advancement and continuance th••reof, ••orged a Will of the late King departed, in which, amongst other things, he established himselfe chiefe Regent. The Protestants to whom this Cardinall was ever a cruell enemy and sharp•• scourge, e∣spyed

forth his unjust dealing in this behalfe, and thereupon set the Earle of Arran against him, who by the helpe of his owne and ••heir friends he removed the Cardinall and his ad∣herents from their usurped roome and Authority; and there∣with was the said Earle proclaymed Protector and Governour of the Realme. The next yeare at a Convention of the Lords at Edenburgh,* 1.57 this Archbishop was put in ward in the Castle of Dalkish, lest he should goe about to perswade the Nobility, not to consent to the Governours desires, and the King of Englands match propounded to the Scottish Queene: Which match of Prince Edward, with Queene Mary of Scotland, though conclu∣ded on by a Parliament in Scotland, this Arch••ishop Beton hin∣dred, f••aring lest Scotland should change the Church Orders, and reforme Religion, as England had begun to doe. Where∣upon ensued divers Commotions in Scotland, and a bloody War••e, King Henry the eighth sending an Army into Scotland upon this breach and occasion on the one side, and the Pope and French King sending aide to this Cardinall Archbishop and his faction on the other side. After this, this Archbishop he was removed to his owne Castle of Saint Andrewes, with War∣ders about him, to see him safely kept.

Anno 1••44.* 1.58 The Patriarch of Hierusalem arriving in Scot∣land, he was honorably received by this Cardinall Arch Pre∣late, and the Bishops of Scotland, into the City of Glascow, during whose abode there, great contentions arose betweene this Arch Prelate, and the Archbishop of Glascow, who should in that City be of greatest authority and honour? Which in the end came to this issue, that both families fell together by the ••ares, which of them should goe before, with his Crosse borne upright. For the Cardinall Archbishop of Saint Andrewes, and Primate of the Kingdome, did affirme, that the Archbishop of Glascow should not have his Crosse borne in his owne Church so long as he was present: Which the servants of the Arch∣bishop of Glascow tooke so in disdaine, that they plucked downe the Cardinals Crosse, and threw it to the ground, Whereupon the Governour (understanding the whole matter, and that it was now come from words to swords) made haste to appease the factious commotion, and caused the Patriarch therewith to be brought to Edenburgh, accompanyed with the Clergy, and so appeased the controversie. That done; the

Patriarch, the Popes Legate comming to Rome, procured the ••egantine power to be granted to the Cardinall, which he long enjoyed not; For being greatly envyed by reason of these honours and some grievous facts, by meanes where∣of there fell continuall dissentions betweene the Nobili∣ty, which ended not till this Cardinall was slaine, who cor∣rupting his Keepers, whiles he was imprisoned in Saint An∣drewes Castle, he found meanes to escape thence; and in the yeare 1543. he came to the Coronation of the young Queene, and shortly after perswaded the Earle of Arrane the Governour to leave the part of ••he King of England, and wholly to be∣come French. At the Coronation, the Cardinall ordered all things, appointed every Officer, and growing into credit, did in like sort at other times dispose of the Common wealth, and Bishoprickes, as seemed best liking unto him. Where∣upon the Earle of Leneux, taking part with the English, oppo∣sed himselfe against the Cardinall, whereby ensued sharpe wars, the Cardinall still supporting and counselling the Governour. Which troubles somewhat abated, when the Earle of Leneux went into England. The Cardinall led the Governour to Saint Andrewes, to the end (if it were possible) to binde the Go∣vernour more firmely to him; During the time they were there, the Cardinall caused in the Lent season all the Bishops and Prelates of the Realme, to assemble at Saint Andrewes where a learned man named Master George Wisc••art,* 1.59 that had beene in the Schooles of Germany, was accused of Heresie, which he had (as was alledged against him) publikely Preached, and privately taught in Dundee, Brechin, and divers other parts of Scotland since his returne home. This matter was so urged a∣gainst him, that he was convict, and burnt there in the Towne of Saint Andrewes during the time of that convention or assem∣bly. When these things were thus done, the Cardinall, al∣though he greatly trusted to his riches, yet because he was not ignorant what were the mindes of men, and what speeches the Common people had of him, determined to increase his pow∣er with new devices; Wherefore he goeth into Angus, and marryeth his eldest Daughter (as saith Buc••anan) to the Earle of Crawfords Sonne; Which marriage was solemnized with great preparation, almost answerable to Kingly magnificence; During which time the Cardinall understanding by his Spies,

that the English did prepare to invade the Scottish borders on the Sea (and specially did threaten those of Fife therewith) returned to Saint Andrewes, and appointed a day to the Nobi∣lity, and such as dwelled about the Sea Coasts, to assemble to∣gether to provide in common for the defence thereof, and to prepare remedy for that hastened evill; for the easier and bet∣ter performance whereof he had determined, together with the Lords of that Country, to have sayled himselfe about the Coasts and to have defended such places as were most convenient: A∣mongst others, that came unto him, there was a noble young Gentleman called Norman Lesle, Sonne to the Earle of Rothseie. This man (after that he had many times imployed his valiant and faithfull diligence in the behalfe of the Cardinall) grew to some contention with the said Cardinall for a private cause, which for a time did estrange both their mindes the one from the other; this same contention did Norman (being thereto induced with many faire promises) afterwards let fall; But certaine monthes afterward when he returned to demand the performance of such liberall promises, they began to grow from common speech to bra••lings, and from thence to bitter ta••nts and reproaches, not fit to be used by any of them both; Whereupon they departed with the grieved mindes of every of them; for the Cardinall being intrea••ed more unreverently than he would or looked for; and the other threatning that being ove••taken by deceite, he would revenge it, they bo••h returned discontented to their owne people.

Whereupon Norman, declaring to his partakers the intol∣lerable arrogancy of the Cardinall, they easily agreed all to con∣spire his death•• wherefore to the end that the same might bee lesse suspected, they departed in sunder afterward. This No••∣man accompanied onely with five of his owne traine, entred the towne of Saint Andrewes, and went into his acc••stomed Inne and lodging, trusting that by such a small traine hee might cunningly dissemble the determination of the Cardinalls death; but there were in that towne, ten of those which had consen∣ted to his conspiracy, which closed in secret corners, som•• in one place, and some in another, did onely expect the signe which was to be given un••o them to execute this devise, with which small company this Norman fea••ed not to adventure the death of the Cardinall in the same towne, furnished in every

place with the servants and friends of the Cardinall. Whereup∣on the 13. of May the Cardinall being within his Castle of Saint Andrewes, certaine of his owne friends (as hee tooke them) that is to say, the sayd Norman, Lord Lesleie, William Kirkandie•• the young Lord of Grange, and Kirkmichell with sixteene cho∣sen men, entred the Castle very secretly in the morning, tooke the Porter and all the Cardinalls Servants, thrusting them out of the place by a Posterne gate, and that done passing to his Chamber where he lay in bed, as he got up, and was opening his Chamber doore, they slue him, and seized upon the Artille∣ry and Munition, where with that Fortresse was plentifully fur∣nished, and likewise with rich hangings, houshold-stuffe of all sorts, Apparell, Copes, Jewels, Ornaments of Churches, great store of gold and silver plate, besides no small quantity of trea∣sure in ready coyne. Sir Iames Leirmouth Provost of Saint An∣drewes assembled all the people of that Towne for the rescue of the Cardinall after he had heard that the Conspirators were en∣tred the Ca••••le; but they shewed the dead body of the Cardi∣nall over the walls as a spectacle to the people, and so they made no further attempt, sith they saw no meanes how to re∣medy or revenge the matter at that present. The cause that moved the Conspirators thus to kill the Cardinall, was thought to be partly in revenge of the burning of Mr. George Wischart, ••••aring to be served with the same sawce, and in the end to bee made to drinke of the same Cup. Partly it was thought they attempted it through counsell of some great men of the Realme that had conceived some deadly hatred against him. His body after he was slaine, was buried in the Castle in a dung-hill. The governour considering that his deere Coze•• the Cardinall was thus made away, assembled the great Lords of the Realme•• by whose advice he called a Parliament, and ••orfeited them who had slaine the Cardinall and kept the Castle of Saint Andrewes: And withall he beseiged those that murthered him in the sayd Castle three moneths space; but it was so strongly furnished with all manner of Artillery and Munition by the Cardinall in his life time, that they within cared little for all the inforce∣ments that their Adversaries without could enforce against them.

* 1.60After his death the Governour, Anno. 1546. promoted * 1.61 Iohn Hamilton the Abbot of Parslew his Brother to the Bi∣shopricke

of Saint Andrewe••, and gave the Abby of Arbroth (granted before to Iames Beton the slaine Cardinals Kinsman) to George Dowglasse bastard sonne to the Earle of Angus, which things were afterwards occasions of great troubles in the Realme. To appease which Anno 1550. the Queene by the advice of her Counsell to stop all occasion of publicke dissen∣tion, ended the controversies moved about the Archbisho∣prickes of Saint Andrewes and Glascow, and the Bishoprickes of Dunkeld and Brechine, by bestowing them upon Noblemens children, and upon such persons as worthily deserved them. This Arch-bishop 1543. comming out of France passed through England, and having other learned men in his com∣pany, did visite the King of England, of whom hee was most honourably and courteously received: from whence going into Scotland, he was made Treas••rer; which Office hee kept as long as his Brother was Governour, whom he did further in all good Counsells at home, and save and defend in the war••es abroade.

Anno 1598. * 1.62 In Iuly, August, and March, there was an as∣sembly of the Prelates and Clergie of Scotland held at Eden∣burgh, in which certaine men and women of Edenburgh, were accused of Heresie, and burned at the towne crosse with ••aggots on their backes, whereupon great tumults were raysed there: for appeasing whereof, the Lord Seton was made Governour of the Towne. In this Councell of all the Prelates and Clergie of Scotland, the Temporalty proponed divers Articles of re∣••ormation; as to have the Prayers, and administration of the Sa∣crament in the Scottish tongue, the Election of Bishops and all bene∣ficed men to passe by the voyces of the Temporall Lords and people and Parishes, &c. All which the Bishops refused to grant, where through there arose shortly af••er great troubles in Scotland. For they perswading the Queene Regent to sommon Master Iohn Knox and others to appeare before them at Striveling; for lacke of appearance they were denounced Rebels, and put to the home: Whereupon they and the Burgesses of Perth, with o∣thers, pulled downe the Images and Altars in all Churches, and suppressed the houses of Priors, and other Religious places and Abbies, both in Perth, S. Andrewes, Edenburgh, and other places: whereupon the Queene-Regent, with the Arch-bi∣shops of Saint Andrewes and Glascow, the Bishops of Dulken∣den,

Dublane, with many other chiefe of the Clergie, came to Perth, and raised an Army against the Reformers; who there∣upon gathered an Army to resist them; which being ready to mee••e on Couper More in battle, by the labour of some Noble men the battle was stayed, and Articles of agreement drawne betweene the Regent and the Lords of the reformed Religion, the contents whereof you may reade in * 1.63 Les••e, * 1.64 Buchanan, and * 1.65 Holinshed.

Anno 1559. A Parliament was holden, and a disputation appointed betweene the Protestant Divines, and Popish Pre∣lates, at what time the Roman Prelates behaved themselves so well, that they were commanded not to depart the Towne, but to be present at the Sermons of the Ministers. In the winter the Lords of the Counsell gave faculties of Benefices to divers of their friends, who put forth the Prelates and received the fruites; The Earle of Argile disposed Dunkeld and Dublane; The Earle of Arran had the ordering of the Bishoprickes of Saint Andrewes, and divers Abbies: the like was used by other Noblemen through all parts of the Kingdome. In the same yeare, being the 17. of Queene Mary, he was with the Queene beseiged in Leith.

Anno 1560. superintendents serving for the election of o∣ther Ministers were chosen at Edenburgh, whereof Iohn Spurs∣word was one, chosen by the suffrage of all the people.

* 1.66 Anno 1562. this Arch-bishop of Saint Andrewes, because after an Edict made thereof, hee did no•• abstaine from hearing and saying Masse, was commit••ed prisoner to Edenburgh Castle, This Arch-Bishop still following the Queenes part, he with others meeteth her in the yeare of Christ 1566. at Muskle∣burow, and so attendeth on her, who no•• long after in the yeare of Christ 1571. being about the fourth yeare of Iames the sixth, was taken in the Castle of Dunbritaine, and sent Prisoner into Sterling, where being examined by the Regent, Matthew Earle of Lenox, about the mur••her of Henry King of Scot••, sonne to the sayd Matthew,* 1.67 he was there drawne, hanged, and quarte∣red•• being the first Arch-bishop that I have yet heard of (writes Thin) that suffered so ignominous a death; the manner whereof Holinshed and Chytraeus doth thus more largely relate. * 1.68 The Regent comming to Striveling, caused the Arch-bishop of S. Andrewes, to be examined upon certaine Articles, as well ••ou∣ching

the murther of the la••e King Henry, as also for the death of the Earle of Murrey the late Regent, at what time there came in a Priest without compulsion of any, and before the Regent declared, that one Iohn Hamilton being in extreame sicknesse, under confession told him, that the Bishop did send him with three others to the murther of the King: and as touching the murther of the Earle of Murrey, the Bishops flat answere was, He might have letted it, if he would. Therewith the people that heard him cryed, Away with him, hang him: And so for these and other offences for the which he had been foresalted before that time, he was now executed on a Gibbet set up in the Market place of Striveling.

Patricke Adamson * 1.69 alias Constance next succeeded in the Archbishopricke of Saint Andrewes;* 1.70 in his time Anno 1573. there was a Parliament in Edenburgh, wherein divers were made, and Articles agreed upon touching Religion and against Popery: ••he third whereof was, That none of the adversaries and enemies of Gods truth, shall enjoy the patrimony of the Kirke. Afterwards Anno. 1578. the question touching the Bishops power was disputed in many assemblies, and a•• length, Anno. 1580. in an Assembly holden at Du••die, their office was found to be unlawfull, not grounded on Gods Word, but intro∣duced by the folly and corruptions of mens inventions, and thereupon una voce condemned, and abjured. Anno 1581. and 1582. there were many contentions betweene the Prelates and Presbyters of Scotland touching the Jurisdiction of Bishops,* 1.71 which the assembly condemned, and the setling and confirming of Religion, to the great disturbance of the Realme, which I pretermit for brevity sake. The next yeare 1583. the Presbytery (as they had many times done before) did excommunicate their Metropolitane the Archbishop of Saint Andrewes and the rest of the Bishops also, because they would not in all their actions support and confirme the Doctrine which the Presbytery had established, and maintaine the use of their Episcopacy, which they had ordered to be simply abjured and relinquished, as an office to which they were not called by God; which Excom∣munication the Presbytery did the more boldly pronounce, be∣cause they were supported by the assistance of Master Lindseie, a great enemy to this Patrick Adamson Bishop of Saint An∣drews. But the King in the beginning did assist him against them,

and the Arch-bishop did in like sort thunder an Excomunication against them, which division (writes Thin) not being meete to be in the Clergie, who ought to be as the Apostles were, Of one heart and of one minde, will in the end (as Christ saith) bring that Realme to confusion; for, Omne regnum in se divisum desolabitur. At last this Bishop excommunicated by the Assembly at E∣denburgh, was enforced to renounce his Archiepiscopall jurisdi∣ction, and to make this publike recantation (which quite sub∣verts the pretended Ius Divinum of the Prelacy) in the Synod of Fiffe, Aprill the 8. 1591. * 1.72 I confesse with a sincere minde without colour or fraud, that I have formerly erred in this, that I thought the government of the Church to be like the regiment of ter∣rene Kingdomes, expresly against the precept of Christ our Lord; and that the Monarchy whereby the Church is governed did not rest in the person of Christ our Saviour alone (as it doth in truth) but likewise in the Ministers, who yet are nothing else but vassalls and Clarks under Christ, Et aequales inter se, and equall among them∣selves, &c. Lastly, I confesse that the Office of a Bishop, (as now it is used and claimed) omni authoritate verbi Dei destituitur, & solo politico hominum commento fundatur, is destitute 〈◊〉〈◊〉 all authority from Gods Word, and founded onely upon the politicke de∣vice of men; out of which the Primacy of the Pope or Antichrist hath sprung. Et merito damnandum est, and it is deservedly to be con∣demned; because the assembly of the Presbytery, who have the power of Iurisdiction and Inspection, both in Visitations and in Ordinations performeth all these things with greater authority, piety, and zeale than any one Bishop, whose care for the most part is intent, not upon God, or their function, but the world, which he principally ordereth. Consider after what sort it hath beene usurped these 506. yeares last past,* 1.73 with how great cruelty and tyranny they have exercised it, and thou shalt finde, that it hath beene the Principall Originall of sup∣pressing the Word of God in every kingdome, which will evidently appeare to any one who shall survey the Ecclesiasticall History. This Arch-Prelate held correspondency with our English Bi∣shops from whom (asking leave of the generall Assembly to goe into England about his Civill affaires onely, as he preten∣ted) he received his consecration to this Arch-bishopricke in a secret manner, Anno. 1589. and then returned into Scotland where he durst nor exercise his Archiepiscopall authority o∣penly for a space. King Iames after he was made Archbishop

brought him from Saint Andrewes to Edenburgh, that he might preach there openly in the great Church; the King himselfe accompanying him with his Guard to secure him from the peo∣ple brought him into the Church, sending halfe of his Guard to convey the Bishop to the Pulpit doore, which Master Iohn Coo∣per (one of the ordinary Ministers of Edinburgh) had prepos∣sessed, who standing up to say prayer and preach assoone as he perceived the King in his seate, the King perceiving it sayd, Master Iohn Cooper, I will not have you preach this day, I command you to goe downe out of the Pulpit, and let the Bishop of Saint An∣drewes come up and preach to me: to the which the ordinary Minister replyed, Please your Majesty this is the day appointed to me to preach, and if it were your Majesties pleasure, I would faine supply the place my selfe. But the King replyed againe, I will not heare you at this time, I command you to goe downe, and let Master Patricke Adamson come up and Preach this day; and beside, the King had remembred that he should not have stiled him a Bi∣shop by reason there were so strait Acts against them; Then Master John Cooper sayd, I shall obey Sir, and came downe from the Pulpit, yet the rest of the Ministers that were there sitting with him at the entry of the Pulpit did not open the doore to the Bishop, while the King commanded him, and then so soone as the Bishop was entred into the Pulpit and began with low becke to doe reverence to the King and to other inferiour Magistrates, the whole people rose out of their places with a great out-cry and lamentation, and ranne out of the Church, especially the women, and when the Guard thought to have kept them in, they ran over the Guard, and Master Iohn Cooper going also out of the Church went to Mr. Robert Bruce his house, the women all going with him, and many men, and there heard his Sermon, which he should have Preached in the Church; the fearefull noyse yet continuing in the Church many running out of the Church and some comming in againe to see whereto the matter would returne, made the King to cry out and say, What a devill ayles the people that they may not heare a man Preach? but cry what he would cry for the space of a long time, not any audience could be given; so with what feare the Bishop Preacht that day, and with how little audience, they can best tell that considered the matter rightly: alwayes the King set the Bishop in the midst of the Guard, and so tooke

him downe to the Abbey with him; but so soone as he came to Saint Andrewes againe, the Presbytery entred in Proces against him, for taking upon him to be a Bishop, which they proved by many reasons; but chiefely for that the King called him so; and albeit they had many hinderances, and the King caused a great delay to be made, devising meanes to save him from excommu∣nication; yet in the end he was excommunicated by the Pro∣vinciall Assembly, albeit by the Kings earnest dealing his ex∣communication was not published in all Churches, as it should have beene, upon some promises which he made, and yet never performed them. This Arch-bishop by the instigation of our English Prelates writ and Preached in defence of Episcopacy, as he afterwards confessed in the Synod of Fiffe, where he retra∣cted this his Doctrine as erronious, and being put from his Bi∣shopricke, excommunicated and hated of the people, who put him to the horne for his debts, he fell into a great sicknesse, cal∣led a Dogges appetite, and wanting meate to satisfie his hunger he was in manner starved to death, confessing in his sickenesse, that his sentence of excommunication was justly pronounced, and desired the Assembly to release him from it for Christs sake; whereupon he was afterwards absolved, after his forementio∣ned recantation. After this the very calling of Bishops having beene condemned and abjured in the Assembly at Dundy as un∣lawfull, Anno. 1580. the Church of Scotland, upon this Adamsons death continued free from the government and tyran∣ny of Bishops till King Iames was possessed of the Crowne of England, and some yeares after: at which time some ambitious Scottish Ministers stealing secretly into England, procured them∣selves to be consecrated Bishops by our English Prelates, and by certaine insensible degrees, by the helpe of our English Bishops, by perjury, forgery, and other indirect meanes, with much difficulty and opposition, set up Episcopacy againe in the Church of Scotland, to the great disturbance of that Church and State: whereupon, after the assembly at Glascow An. 1610. (where Episcopacy was againe revived, by admitting Ministers to have Vote in Parliament, though with many a limitation, which they afterwards frustrated and eluded by degrees) one Gladstaine was ordained Arch-bishop of Saint Andrewes, who is credibly reported to have made a solemne recantation at his death for his acceptance of such an unlawfull office, which re∣cantation

was suppressed. After him one Sprotswood succeeded, a very vicious, false and crafty Machiavilian, who confederating with Laud, now Arch-bishop of Canterbury, by his meanes pro∣cured himselfe to be made Chancellor of Scotland, who by rea∣son of this great temporall office, was the better able to intro∣duce all Canterburies Innovations into that Church with more facility. This Arch-Prelate with the other Prelates of Scotland con••ederating with Canterbury, who had usurped a kinde of generall and Papall Superintendency over all his Majesties three Kingdomes, in the yeare 1636. framed a booke of Ca∣nons and Constitutions for the government of ••he Scotland, tending to the utter subversion of the established Discipline of that Church, and opening a doore for many doctrinall and disci∣plinary errours, and Innovations. And to prevent all obloquy against them, they enjoyne none to speake either against these Canons, or the booke of Common prayer which was to be set forth, under heavie censures. The next yeare following in Iune 1637. the sayd Arch-bishop and Bishops by Canterburies dire∣ction caused a New booke of Common prayer to be Prin••ed for the use of the Church of Scotland, which was appointed by his Majesties letters to be received as the onely forme of Gods Worship; whereunto all subjects of that Realme civill or Ec∣clesiasticall ought to conforme, and the contraveners to be con∣dignely punished. To set on this designe the better, every Mi∣nister was by Proclamation enjoyned, and some charged with letters of horning to buy two of the sayd Bookes for the use of the Parish; and to scare all men from opposing it, Canterbury in the very same month of June caused Doctor Bastwicke, Mr. Burton, and Mr. Prynne to be severely censured in the Starcham∣ber, for opposing his Innovations here in England, which hee then intended to introduce into the Church of Scotland, and to be set in the Pillory at Westminster, where all o•• them had their eares close cut off; one of them his cheekes ••eared; & this barba∣rous execution finished, even before their wounds were cured he then sent them away close Prisoners to three remote Castles, Dr. Bastwick to Lanceston Castle in Co••newall; Mr. Burton to Lancaster; and Mr. Prynne to Carnarvan Castle in North-Wales, where they were shut up close Prisoners, so that neither their Wives, Children, nor any of their friends, could have accesse to speake with them; nor they so much as enjoy the liberty

of Pen, Inke, or Paper to write for necessaries, or the liberty of any licensed Books, except the Bible, and some few other Bookes for private devotion. And not content herewith by an extrajudiciall order o•• the Lords, he soone after caused them to be conveyed close Prisoners into the Isle of Iersie, Garnsey, and Silly, there to be close imprisoned in three Castles, giving strict order that no man should be admitted to speake with them there; nor Dr. Bastwickes, and Mr. Burtons wives, permit∣ted so much as once to come into the Islands where they were, and that all letters to them should be intercepted, and no pen, inke, or Paper allowed them to write upon any occasion. This transcendent new kinde of Prelaticall tyranny wherewith Canterbury imagined to terrifie and appale the Scots, comming to their eares, wrought quite contrary effects, stirring them up with greater animosity to resist the Prelates encroachments both upon their consciences, Lawes, liberties, and established Discipline. Whereupon when the Bishop of Edenburgh accom∣panied with the two Arch-bishops and some other Prelates of Scotland, began the use of their new service booke in the chiefe Church of Edenburgh the 23. of Iuly next after this sentence and execution, the most part of the people (much discontented with such a great and sudden alteration, as imported a change, both of the externall forme and nature of the former publicke wor∣••hip) did at one instant rise and hinder the new Service, cal∣ling it superstitious and Idolatrous, and the same was also stop∣ped in another Church of Edenburgh, where it was to be reade by the Bishop of Arguile. This notwithstanding, the Prelates procured by Act of Councell, the paine of death without all fa∣vour or mercy to be denounced against all those who should any wayes rai••e or speake against the Bishops, or any of the in∣ferior Clergie, or against the service Booke. They discharged the ministers and Readers of Edenburgh (who refused the Book) their wonted service, and interdicted the publicke Evening and Morning Prayer, reading of Scriptures, singing of Psalmes, for a long time, still pressing the buying and practising of the sayd booke by all Ministers; which mooved the Ministers first to petition, and next many of the Nobility, Gentry, Burgesses, and Ministers to meete and to supplicate the Lords of the Privie Counsell against the sayd Bookes of Canons and Common Prayers, and the illegall way of introducing the same; till at last the Bi∣shops

violence and practises forced the whole kingdome into a combustion against them, and caused them in their generall as∣sembly at Ed••nburgh, Anno 1639. not onely to abjure, but to extirpate Episcopacy and banish all their Bishops as Incendia∣ries out of their Realme, except the Bishops of Dunkeld and of Orcanies, who recanted and abjured their Episcopacy. Canterbury and the Prelates of Scotland and England storming at these pro∣ceedings, take occasion from thence to raise up a civill warre betweene England, Ireland, and Scotland, thinking to restore Episcopacy againe in that Kingdome by force of Armes. And when as this warre was happily pacified and all differences fully accorded, Canterbury with his agents caused the former pacifica∣tion ••o be annulled, new Armes to be raised, and a fresh warre to be undertaken to the unsupportable expence and great dan∣ger of all his Majesties three Kingdomes, which by the Prelates practises are at this day still enforced to maintaine three Armies in the field; and had the Prelates bu•• their wish, we had long ere this embrued our hands deepely in one anothers blood, and made our Kingdomes so many Aceldamaes to maintaine their Antichristian pompe and Lordlinesse. But blessed and for ever honoured and praysed be our gracious God, who hath miracu∣lously continued and preserved our peace in the midst of war, and ••rustrated the designes of our blood-thirsty Prelates; turning their Bellum Episcopale (as themselves termed it) into a warre not for, but against themselves, to a probable extirpation of them for ever out of all three Kingdomes, which have a long time groaned under their tyranny; England, and Ireland now desiring and petitioning earnestly to the Parliament to be eased of their in••olerable yoake of bondage, as Scotland hath already exonerated themselves thereof.

Now to manifest that this present warre Originally sprung from the Scottish Prelates, and from Canterbury, (the very foun∣taine of all late mischiefes in all three Kingdomes) I shall neede no further evidence than the charge of the Scottish Commis∣sioners against Canterbury, presented to our present Parliament, the Coppie whereof (though already in Print) I shall here in∣sert as pertinent to my inten••••d Theame.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Holinshed his History of Scot∣land. p. 183.
• b 1.2

  Scot. chron. l. 3, c. 8.
• c 1.3

  De Gestis Scot. l. 2. c. 3.
• d 1.4

  De Brit. Eccle. primordiis p. 800
• * 1.5

  Concil p. 342.
• * 1.6

  Holyrood house builded.
• * 1.7

  Liberality in King David to∣ward the Church repro∣ved.
• * 1.8

  The Church en∣riched, and the Crowne impove∣rished.
• * 1.9

  The saying of King Iames the first.
• * 1.10

  A sore Saint. Iohn Major.
• * 1.11

  60000. pound in Lands given to the Church.
• * 1.12

  Superfluous pos∣sessions of the Church.
• f 1.13

  Will. Harinson descrip. Eng. l. 2. c. 2. p. 140.
• g 1.14

  Walsi••gham hist. Angl. p. 28. Annals of Ire∣land in Master Cambden. p. 160, 161.
• * 1.15

  Hist. Anglic p. 31, 32, 33, 34, 36
• * 1.16

  Wimundus Bi∣shop of the Iles
• * 1.17

  Hist. l. 1. c. 23, 24.
• * 1.18

  Holinshed Hist. of Scot. p. 196. Adam Bishop of Cathnes slaine by the people of ••hat Country.
• * 1.19

  Adam Bishop of Cathnes.
• * 1.20

  Streight execu∣tion.
• * 1.21

  The Stony-hill.
• * 1.22

  The Earle of Cathnes looseth his Lands.
• * 1.23

  King Alexander commended of the Pop••••
• * 1.24

  Holinsh. Histo∣ry of Scotland, p. 291.
• * 1.25

  Will. Elfing••tone Bishop of Aberdin••.
• * 1.26

  Gawin Bishop of Dunkeld.
• * 1.27

  Holish. History of Scotland, p. 307.
• * 1.28

  Martyns Hi∣story, p. 552.
• * 1.29

  Bishop of Rosse.
• * 1.30

  Iohn Scot. Roger de Hoveden Annalium pars posterior, p. 597, ••98, 599•• 614, to 617, 621.646, to 649.
• * 1.31

  H••••ed••n Annalium pars posteri••••, p. 6512 714.
• * 1.32

  H••veden ibid. p. 714.
• * 1.33

  Robert de Bruse.
• * 1.34

  Math. Westm. An. 1306. p. 456, &c.
• * 1.35

  H••linshed Hist. of Scot. p. 271.276, 277, 279. Iames K••••edie.
• * 1.36

  Graham.
• * 1.37

  Francis Thi••. his continuation of H••linsheds hi∣story of Scot∣land, p. 454, 455
• * 1.38

  H••linsh. Histo∣ry of Scotland, London, 1585. p. 282. Mr. Cambdens Scotia. p. 32, 33.
• * 1.39

  Thin. ibidem.
• * 1.40

  H••lin. History of Scotland, p. 282, 283. Le••••••us lib. 8. p. 3.18.
• * 1.41

  William Schewes
• * 1.42

  Francis Thin. Ibid.
• * 1.43

  Andrew Steward.
• * 1.44

  Francis Thin. Ibid.
• * 1.45

  Holinshed Hi••story of Scot∣land, p. 288.
• * 1.46

  Alexa. Steward,
• * 1.47

  Francis•• Thin. ibid.
• * 1.48

  Speeds history•• p. 1002. Hall•• chron. 36, H. 8. f. 255.
• * 1.49

  Less. pag. 375. Holinsh. history of Scot. p. 303, 304.
• * 1.50

  Fran. Thin Ibid.
• * 1.51

  Andr. Formam••
• * 1.52

  Francis Thin his continuation o•• Holin. history of Scot. p. 451.
• * 1.53

  Iames Beton.
• * 1.54

  Holinshed Hi••story of Scot∣land, p. 302.308
• * 1.55

  David B••t••n.
• * 1.56

  Holinsheds hi∣story of Scot∣land, p. 330. to 340. Francis Thin his continuation of th•• History of Scotland p. 452.
• * 1.57

  Bishop of R••••••e author of the Northerne, re∣bellion. an. 1569 Martin p. 552. H••linsh. p. 959.
• * 1.58

  Speed 1049, &c.
• * 1.59

  George Wischart, a learned man burnt.
• * 1.60

  Iohn Hamilton.
• * 1.61

  Holinshed Hist. of Scot. d. 340.355. Leslaus l. 10. p. 513.
• * 1.62

  Holinshed Hist. of Scotland. p. 366.367. Le∣slaeus, l. 10. p. 538.
• * 1.63

  Lib. 10. p. 553.574.
• * 1.64

  Lib. 16.
• * 1.65

  Hist. of Scot∣land. 567.368.376.
• * 1.66

  Holinshed 380 6.410.511. See
• * 1.67

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Re••••m Scot. l. 17 & 18.
• * 1.68

  Holinshed Hist. of Scot. p. 402. Chytraus Chr••n. Sax••ni••. l. 21.641.
• * 1.69

  Francis Thin his continuation of Holinshed Hist. of Scot. p. 434.435.282 Lond∣on, 1585.
• * 1.70

  Patricke Adam∣son.
• * 1.71

  Holinshed and Thin, Hist. of Scotland p. 438. to 44••.455.456.
• * 1.72

  See Andrew Melvin his Pa∣tric••i Adamsoni Palinodia p. 49.55 And Celsae Commissionis Ana∣••omia.
• * 1.73

  Note this.