Archæologiæ Græcæ, or, The antiquities of Greece by John Potter ...

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A Solemnity, which lasted three Days, during all which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Torches (call'd in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) were burn'd, which gave occasio•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Name (g) 1.1.

Upon the first Day they commemorated Latona's Labour, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Birth.

The second was in memory of Glycon's, and the God's Nativity.

The third, of the Marriage of Podalirius, and the Mother of Alexa••••••••

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Two Festivals in Boeotia (h) 1.2, one of which was observ'd by the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 (e) 1.3

at Alalcomenos, where was the largest Grove of any in Boeotia; 〈◊〉〈◊〉 this they assembl'd, and exposing to the open Air pieces of sodden Flesh, carefully observ'd whither the Crows, that came to prey upon them, directed their Flight; and then hew'd down all those Trees, upon which any of them alighted, and form'd them into Statues, which were by the ancient Greeks call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, from the ingenious Artificer D••dalus.

The other Solemnity was by far the greatest, and most remarkable, being celebrated not only by Plataea, but all the Cities of Boeotia, once in sixty Years; in memory, and, as it were, in Recompence for the In∣••••rmission of the lesser Festival the same number of Years, during which ••ime the Plataeans liv'd in exile. In order to this Solemnity, there ••ere always prepar'd fourteen 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 at the other Festivals, to be ••••stributed by Lots amongst the Plataeans, Coroneans, Thespians, Tana∣••eans, Chaeroneans, Orchomenians, Lebadeans, and Thebans; because they ••••omoted a Reconciliation with the Plataeans, and were desirous to ••••ve them recall'd from Banishment, and contributed Offerings to∣••ards the Celebration of the Festival, about the time that Thebes was ••••stored by Cassander the Son of Antipater. Nor did the afore-men∣tion'd Cities only, but others also of lesser Note, joyn in this So∣lemnity; the manner of which was thus:

A Statue being adorn'd in Woman's Apparel upon the Banks of As••pus, a Woman in the Habit of a Bride-maid, was appointed to ac∣company it, being follow'd by a long Train of Boeotians, who had ••••••ces assign'd them by Lots, to the top of Mount Cithaeron; upon which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Altar of square pieces of Timber cemented together in the manner 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Stones, was erected. Upon this large quantities of combustible mat∣••••r being lay'd, each of the Cities, and such Men as were possess'd of ••lentiful Estates, offer'd a Bull to Iupiter, and an Ox, or Heifer to Iuno, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 plenty of Wine, and Incense; the poorer sort, and such as were 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Ability to purchase more costly Oblations, contributed small ••••eep; all which, together with the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, being thrown in∣•••• one common Heap, were set on fire, and not extinguish'd, till the whole Fabrick, of which the Altar it self made a part, was con∣••••m'd to Ashes. The first occasion of these Customs was this: On a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it happen'd that Iuno had a Quarrel with Iupiter, whereby the Goddess was exasperated to such a degree, that she departed from him, ••nd retir'd into Euboea: The God was very much troubled at this Desertion, and endeavour'd by all the Arts of Perswasion, to gain upon ••er to return; but finding her obstinate in her Resolution, went to advise with Cithaeron, who reign'd at that time over the Plataeans, and ••ad the greatest Reputation for Wisdom of any Man in that Age: The Expedient he advis'd to, was this; That Iupiter should dress a Statue in Woman's Apparel, and place it in a Chariot, giving out ••hat it was Plataea, the Daughter of Asopus, and that she was con∣••••••cted to him in Marriage: The God approv'd his Counsel, and

put it in practice; and the Report had no sooner reach'd Iuno, but she posted with all haste to meet the Chariot; where having disco∣ver'd the Cheat, she was wonderfully taken with the Contrivance, and return'd into Favour with her Husband.

An entire Treatise was compos'd by Plutarch upon this Festival, some Fragments of which are still preserv'd in Eusebius (a) 1.4, and confirm the Substance of the Relation now given out of Pausanias; from whom they differ only in this, that in them Cithaeron is call'd Alalcomenes▪ and Plataea, Daedala.

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A Festival, of which nothing remains, besides the Name, which is preserv'd by Hesychius. If the Conjecture of Meursius deserve an•• Credit, it will not be improbable that it belong'd to one 〈◊〉〈◊〉 who, as the same Grammarian informs us, was worshipp'd by t•••• Macedonians, and thought to restore Health to sick Persons.

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A Solemnity at Argos, in which was represented the Combat of Proetus and Acrisius.

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A Novennial Festival (b) 1.5, celebrated by the Boeotians, in hono•••• of Apollo. The chief Solemnity was thus: They adorn'd an Olive∣bough with Garlands of Lawrel, and various sorts of Flowers: Upon the top of it was plac'd a Globe of Brass, from which hung other lesser Globes; About the middle were fix'd to it Purple Crown••, and a Globe of smaller size than that at the top: The bottom was cover'd with a Garment of Saffron-colour. The uppermost Globe was an Emblem of the Sun, by whom they meant Apollo; that plac'd diametrically under it, signify'd the Moon; the lesser Globe•• represented the Stars; and the Crowns, being sixty five in number▪ were Types of the Sun's Annual Revolution, which is comple•••••• in about the same number of Days. The Bough thus adorn'd, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 carry'd in Procession; the chief in which was a Boy of a beauti•••••• countenance, and good Parentage, whose Father and Mother were both living: He was apparell'd in a sumptuous Garment, reaching down to his Ancles; his Hair hung loose and dishevell'd; on his Head was a Crown of Gold; and upon his Feet Shoes, call'd Iphicratide, from Iphicrates an Athenian, the first Inventor of them: It was his Duty to execute at that time the Priest's Office, and he was honour'd with the Title of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. The Lawrel-bearer. Before him we•••• one of his nearest Relations, bearing a Rod adorn'd with Garlands:

After the Boy follow'd a Choir of Virgins, with Branches in their Hands: And in this order they proceeded as far as the Temple of Apollo, sirnam'd Ismenius, and Galaxius, where they sung Supplica∣••ory Hymns to the God. These Ceremonies were first practis'd upon this account: The Aeolians that inhabited Arne, and the adjacent Territory, being advis'd by an Oracle to relinquish their old Seats, and seek their Fortunes, made an Invasion upon the Thebans, who 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the same Time were besieg'd by the Pelasgians: It happen'd to be near the Time of Apollo's Festival, which was religiously observ'd by both Nations; wherefore a Cessation of Arms being granted on both sides, one Party cut down Lawrel-boughs in Helicon, the other ••ear the River Melas; and, as the Custom was, carry'd them in their Hands, in honour of Apollo. On the same Day there appear'd in •• Dream to Polematas, General of the Boeotian Forces, a young Man, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 presented him with a complete Suit of Armour, and com∣••••nded that every ninth Year the Boeotians should make Solemn ••••ayers to Apollo, with Lawrel in their Hands: About three Days ••••••er this Vision, he made a Sally upon the Besiegers with such Suc∣••••ss, that they were forc'd to retire, and quit their Enterprise: where∣••••on he caus'd this Festival to be instituted.

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A Festival at Aegina (a) 1.6, in honour of Delphinian Apollo.

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A Quinquennial Festival in the Isle of Delos (b) 1.7, instituted by ••••eseus, at his return from Crete, in honour of Venus, whose Statue given to him by Ariadne, he erected in that place, having by her ••••••••stance met with Success in his Expedition. The chief Ceremo∣••••es were these: They crown'd the Goddess's Statue with Garlands; ••••pointed a Choir of Musick, and Horse-races; and perform'd a re∣••••rkable Dance, call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. a Crane, wherein they imitated 〈◊〉〈◊〉 their Motions, the various Windings of the Cretan Labyrinth, out 〈◊〉〈◊〉 which Theseus, who was the first Inventor of this Dance, made his ••••ape.

Another Solemnity was every Year celebrated in this Island, in ••••nour of Apollo, by the Athenians; but of this I have already given You an Account in one of the foregoing Chapters.

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A Solemnity in honour of Ceres, call'd by the Greeks 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (c) 1.8, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 which it was customary for the Worshippers to lash themselves with Whips, made of the Bark of Trees, and call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Another Festival of this Name was observ'd by the Athenians (a) 1.9 in honour of Demetrius Poliorcetes, being the same with that which was before call'd Dionysia, and celebrated upon the thirteenth of M••∣nychion, whose Name was chang'd into Demetrion, as also the Day 〈◊〉〈◊〉 this Solemnity was nam'd Demetrias.

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A Solemnity at Sparta (b) 1.10, in honour of Diana Orthia, so nam'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. from whipping, because it was usual to whip Boys upon the Goddess's Altar. These Boys were, at the first, Free-bor•• Spartans, but, in more delicate Ages, of meaner Birth, being frequently the Off-spring of Slaves; they were call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, from the Exer∣cise they underwent at the Altar, which was very severe and cruel; and lest the Officer should out of Compassion remit any thing of the rigour of it, Diana's Priestess stood by all the Time, holding 〈◊〉〈◊〉 her Hand the Goddess's Image, which of it's self was very lig•••• and easy to be born, but if the Boys were spar'd, became so ponde∣rous, that the Priestess was scarce able to support it's weight. And lest the Boys should faint under Correction, or do any thing un∣worthy of Laconian Education, their Parents were usually present, to exhort them to bear whatever was inflicted upon them with Patien•••• and Constancy. And so great was the Bravery and Resolution o•• the Boys, that, tho' they were lash'd till the Blood gush'd out, and sometimes to Death, yet a Cry, or Groan was seldom, or never heard to proceed from any of them. Those of them that dy'd by these Means, were bury'd with Garlands upon their Heads, in token of Joy, or Victory, and had the Honour of a Publick Funeral.

Whence this Custom had it's Original, is not agree'd by Ancien•• Writers. By some it is said to have been one of Lycurgus's Institu∣tions, and design'd for no other End, than to accustom the Youth to endure Pain; thereby to render them fearless and insensible of Wounds. Others will have it to have been done, as a Mitigation of an Oracle, whereby it was commanded that Human Blood should be shed upon Diana's Altar. By some it is reported to have be•••• as ancient as Orestes, who (they say) transplanted out of Scythia in••o Laconia the Image of Diana Taurica, to whom the Scythians us'd to offer Human Victims: this Barbarous piece of Cruelty the L••••••∣monians detested, but withall fearing the Anger of the Goddess, made an Order, that every Year a Boy should be whipp'd upon her Al∣tar, till the Blood gush'd out; that so, if nothing could satisfy Her 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Human Blood, She might not be altogether destitute of it. Lastly, some assign this Cause for it; Pausanias, the Spartan General, as he wa••

••••••ering Sacrifices and Prayers, before the Fight with Mardonius, was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 upon by a company of Lydians, who plunder'd and squander'd ••••road the Sacrifice; but were at length repell'd with Whips and ••••aves, which were the only Arms the Lacedaemonians were at that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 furnish'd with: In memory of this Victory, the Whipping of ••••oys at the Altar in Sparta; and after that, the Lydian Procession, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 tells us, was perform'd till his Days.

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A Festival at Sparta.

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At Athens (a) 1.11, in honour of Iupiter sirnam'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. the ••••opitious. It was so call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. from Iupiter, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Misfortune; because by making Supplications to Iupiter, they ••••ain'd Protection, and Deliverance from Dangers, and Evils. It 〈◊〉〈◊〉 celebrated about the latter end of Anthesterion, without the City, ••here was a great concourse of all the Athenians, feasting and offer∣••••g Sacrifices. At the same Time there is said to have been a publick ••art, in which all sorts of Vendibles were expos'd to Sale; and ••••erefore Strepsiades in Aristophanes (b) 1.12 saith, he bought his Son Phi∣••••••••ides a little Chariot at this Festival,

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Plutarch (c) 1.13 maketh mention of another Festival, that belong'd to 〈◊〉〈◊〉, wherein a solemn Procession was made by Men on Horseback.

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An Athenian Festival (d) 1.14, celebrated upon the fourteenth of Scirr••∣••••••ion; so nam'd, because it was sacred 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. to Iupiter ••••••nam'd Polieus, or Protectour of the City. Sometimes it was call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, from killing an Ox: For it was customary upon this Day to place certain Cakes, of the same sort with those us'd at Sacrifices, upon a Table of Brass; round this they drove a select number of Oxen, of which he that eat any of the Cakes, was presently slaughter'd. The Person that kill'd the Ox, was call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Por∣••••••ry reports, that no less than three Families were employ'd in this Ceremony, and receiv'd different Names from their Offices therein: The Family, whose Duty it was to drive the Oxen, were

call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. a Spur: Those that knock'd him down, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, being descended from Thaulon: Those that slaughter'd, and cut him up, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. Butchers, or Cooks. The Original o•• the Custom was thus: On one of Iupiter's Festivals, it happen'd that a hungry Ox eat one of the consecrated Cakes; whereupon the Priest (some call him Thaulon, others Diomus, or Sopater) mov'd with pious Zeal, kill'd the profane Beast. In those Days, it was look'd upon as a capital Crime to kill an Ox; wherefore the guilty Priest was forc'd to secure himself by a timely Flight, and the Athenians in his stead, took the bloody Ax, arraign'd it, and, according to Pausania••, brought it in not guilty: But Aelian is of another Opinion, and reports, that the Priest, and People present at the Solemnity (for they also were accus'd, as being accessary to the Fact) were acquitted, but the Ax condemn'd; which seems to be most probable. In memory of these Actions, it became ever after customary, for the Priest to fly, and Judg∣ment to be given about the Slaughter of the Ox.

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A Spartan Festival (a) 1.15, in honour of Diana, sirnam'd Dictynna, from a City of Crete; or from a Cretan Nymph, one of her Companions in Hunting, who was call'd Dictynna; being the first invented Hunting∣nets, which are in Greek call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

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At Megara, in memory of the Hero Diocles (b) 1.16.

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In honour of Iupiter Diomeus; or of Diomus (c) 1.17, an Athenian Hero, the Son of Colyttus, from whom the Inhabitants of one of the Athe∣nian Burroughs were nam'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

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Solemnities in honour of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or Bacchus, sometimes call▪d by the general Name of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which word, tho' sometimes apply'd to the Mysteries of other Gods, does more peculiarly belong to those of Bacchus. The Festivals of this God are said to have been in∣stituted in Aegypt, and afterwards taught the Graecians by one M••••lampus(d) 1.18; and by Plutarch (e) 1.19 we are inform'd, that the Aegyptia•• Isis was the same with Ceres, and Osiris with Bacchus; and that t••e Graecian Dionysia were the same with the Aegyptian Pamylia.

They were observ'd at Athens with greater Splendor, and more Ce∣remonious

Superstition, than in any other part of Greece; for the Years were number'd by them (a) 1.20, as the chief Archon had a part in the management of them (b) 1.21, and the Priests that officiated therein, were honour'd with the first Seats at Publick Shows (c) 1.22. But at first they (d) 1.23 were without Splendor, and Ornaments, being Days set apart for Publick Mirth, and observ'd only with these Ceremonies; First a Vessel of Wine, adorn'd with a Vine-branch, was brought forth, after that follow'd a Goat, then was carry'd a Basket of Figs, and after all, the Phaili.

At some of them it was usual for the Worshippers, in their Gar∣ments and Actions, to imitate the Poetical Fictions concerning Bac∣chus: They put on Fawn-skins, fine Linnen, and Mitres; carry'd Thyrsi, Drums, Pipes, Flutes, and Rattles; and crown'd themselves with Garlands of Trees sacred to Bacchus, such were the Ivy, Vine, Firr, &c. Some imitated Silenus, Pan, and the Satyrs, exposing them∣selves in Comical Dresses, and Antick Motions; some rode upon Asses, others drove Goats to the Slaughter. In this manner Persons of both Sexes ran about the Hills, Deserts, and other Places, wag∣ging their Heads, dancing in ridiculous Postures, filling the Air with hideous Noises, and Yellings, personating Men distracted, and crying aloud 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Such were the Rites us'd in most of Bacchus's Festivals throughout Greece, and particularly at Athens, where this frantick Rout was, upon one of the Solemnities of this God, follow'd by Persons car∣rying certain Sacred Vessels; the first of which was fill'd with Wa∣ter; after these went a select number of Honourable Virgins, call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, because they Carry'd little Baskets of Gold, fill'd with all sorts of Fruit: In these consisted the most Mysterious part of the So∣lemnity; and therefore to amuse the Common People, Serpents were put into them, which sometimes crawling out of their places, astonish'd the Beholders. Next was the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, being a company of Men carrying 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which were Poles, to the Ends of which were fix'd things in the form of a Man's Privities: these Persons were crown'd with Violets, and Ivy, and had their Faces cover'd with other Herbs; they were call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and the Songs repeated by them, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. After these follow'd the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, in Women's Apparel, with Garments strip'd with white, and reaching to their Ancles, Gar∣lands on their Heads, Gloves compos'd of Flowers on their Hands, and in their Gestures imitating drunken Men. There were also certain Persons call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, whose Office it was to carry the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉,

or Mystical Van of Bacchus, a thing so essential to this, and other Solemnities, and Sacrifices of this God, that few of them could be duly celebrated without it; whence He is sometimes call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. At this Time also Publick Shows, Plays, and Sports were frequented, and the whole City was fill'd with Revelling, and Licentiousness.

The Festivals of Bacchus were almost innumerable; the Names of some of the most remarkable of them are, as follow.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (a) 1.24, celebrated upon the Twelfth of Antheste∣rion, at Limnae in Attica, where was a Temple of Bacchus. The chief Persons that officiated, were fourteen Women, appointed by the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, who was one of the Archons, and provided necessaries for the Solemnity: They were call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. Venerable, and could not enter upon their Office, till they had taken an Oath in presence of the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or Wife of the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that they were free from all manner of Pollution.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, are mention'd by Thucydides (b) 1.25, but perhaps are not distinct from some of the following.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (c) 1.26, or the Greater, sometimes call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, as being celebrated within the City, in the Month An∣thesterion: It is sometimes by way of Eminence call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, with∣out any distinguishing Epithet, because it was the most celebrated of all Bacchus's Festivals at Athens.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or the Less, sometimes call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, be∣cause it was observ'd in the Countrey. It was a sort of Preparation to the former and Greater Festival, and was celebrated in Autumn (d) 1.27: Some place it in the Month Posideon, others in Gamelion, others will have it to be the same with 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, so nam'd from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. a Wine-press; and agreeably to this Opinion Hesychius telleth us, it was celebrated in the Month Lenaeon.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (e) 1.28, observ'd at Brauron, a Burrough of At∣tica, where the Votaries gave themselves over to all manner of Ex∣cess, and Lewdness.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, (f) 1.29, Mysteries unlawful to be reveal'd, and ob∣serv'd by the Athenians, in honour of Bacchus Nyctelius, to whom also they erected a Temple.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, to Bacchus, sirnam'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, i. e. the God of Wine.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, to Bacchus sirnam'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, because Human Sacrifices were offer'd to him at that Time (g) 1.30; or from Eating raw Flesh, which Action the Priests us'd to imitate upon this

Solemnity: It was also customary for them to put Serpents in their Hair, and in all their Behaviour to counterfeit Madness, and Di∣straction.

Several other Festivals were observ'd in honour of this God, as the Triennial Solemnity, call'd from the Time of it's Celebration 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (a) 1.31, which is said to have been first instituted by Bacchus himself, in memory of his Expedition into India, in which he spent three Years. Another also is mention'd by the Scholiast of Aristo∣phanes (b) 1.32, and said to be observ'd every fifth Year. And beside these we find frequent mention of Bacchus's Festivals in most of the Ancient Authors, some of which are describ'd in their own places.

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In honour of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or Castor and Pollux, who were reputed to be the Sons of Iupiter. It was observ'd by the Cyreneans (c) 1.33; but more especially by the Spartans (d) 1.34, whose Countrey was honour'd by the Birth of those Heroes. The Solemnity was full of Mirth, being a Time wherein they shar'd plentifully of the Gifts of Bacchus, and diverted themselves with Sports, of which Wrestling-matches always made a part.

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A Milesian Festival, wherein an Ox was offer'd to Iupiter (e) 1.35, as the Name imports.

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An Anniversary Day, observ'd in memory of Dryops, one of Apollo's Sons, at Asine, which was a Maritime Town of Argos, and inha∣bited by the Dryopians (f) 1.36.

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A Festival so call'd, because it was celebrated upon the Twelfth Day of Anthesterion (g) 1.37. See 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Notes

• (g) 1.1

  Lucianus Pseudomant.
• (h) 1.2

  Pausanias Boeoticis.
• (e) 1.3

  Pythion. lib. IX.
• (a) 1.4

  De Praepar. Evangel. lib. III.
• (b) 1.5

  Pausanias Boeoticis, Proclus Chrestomathi••▪
• (a) 1.6

  Pindari Schol. Olymp. VIII.
• (b) 1.7

  Thucydides lib. III. Callimachus Hymn. in Delum. Pl••tarchus Theseo.
• (c) 1.8

  Pollux Onom. lib. I. cap. I. Hesychius.
• (a) 1.9

  Plutarchus Demetrio, Diodorus Siculus lib. XVIII. Eustathius Il. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• (b) 1.10

  Pl••∣ta••c••us Lacon. Instit. & Aristide, Pausanias Laconici••, Themistius Orat. Cicero 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Quaest. II. Hyginus Fab. CCLXI.
• (a) 1.11

  Thucydides lib. I. Aristophanis Sch••••iast. Nub. Suidas.
• (b) 1.12

  Nubibus.
• (c) 1.13

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• (d) 1.14

  Pausanias Atticis, Aelianus▪ Var. Hist. lib. VIII. cap. III. Porphyrius de Abstinent. ab Animal. Hesychius, Suidas.
• (a) 1.15

  Pausanias Laconicis.
• (b) 1.16

  Pindari Schol. Pythion. Od. XIII.
• (c) 1.17

  Etym••l••g. Eustath. Il. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• (d) 1.18

  Herodotus lib. II.
• (e) 1.19

  De Iside & Osiride.
• (a) 1.20

  Suidas.
• (b) 1.21

  Pollux lib. VIII.
• (c) 1.22

  Aristophan. Schol. Ran.
• (d) 1.23

  Plutarchus 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• (a) 1.24

  Thucydid. lib. II. Hesychius, Demosthen. Orat. in Neaeram, Pollux lib. VIII.
• (b) 1.25

  Loc. citat.
• (c) 1.26

  Demosthen. Orat. in Leptin.
• (d) 1.27

  Aristophanis Scholiast. Acha••••.
• (e) 1.28

  Idem in Pace.
• (f) 1.29

  Pausanias Attici••.
• (g) 1.30

  Plutarchus Themistocle.
• (a) 1.31

  Virgil. Aeneid. IV.
• (b) 1.32

  In Pace.
• (c) 1.33

  Pindari Schol. Pythion. Od. V.
• (d) 1.34

  Pau∣sanias Messenicis, Sidonius Carm. IX.
• (e) 1.35

  Hesychius.
• (f) 1.36

  Pausanias Messenicis.
• (g) 1.37

  Hesychius.