Annotations upon the Holy Bible. Vol. I wherein the sacred text is inserted, and various readings annex'd, together with parallel scriptures, the more difficult terms in each verse are explained, seeming contradictions reconciled, questions and doubts resolved, and the whole text opened / by the late reverend and learned divine Mr. Matthew Poole.

CHAP. XXII.

DAvid therefore departed thence, and * 1.1 esca∣ped to the cave of Adullam a 1.2: and when his brethren, and all his fathers house heard it, they went down thither to him b 1.3.

2 And every one that was in distress c 1.4, and eve∣ry one that ‡ 1.5 was in debt d 1.6, and every one that was k ‡ 1.7 discontented e 1.8, gathered themselves unto him, and he became a captain over them f 1.9: and there were with him about four hundred men.

3 ¶ And David went thence to Mizpeh of Mo∣ab g 1.10, and he said unto the king of Moab h 1.11, Let my father and my mother i 1.12, I pray thee, come forth, and be with you, till I know what God will do for me k 1.13.

4 And he brought them before the king of Moab l 1.14, and they dwelt with him all the while that David was in the hold m 1.15.

5 ¶ And the prophet * 1.16 Gad said unto David, Abide not in the hold n 1.17; depart, and get thee into the land of Judah o 1.18. Then David departed and came into the forest of Hareth p 1.19.

6 ¶ When Saul heard that David was discovered, and the men that were with him: (now Saul abode in Gibeah under a ‖ 1.20 tree in Ramah q 1.21, having his spear in his hand r 1.22, and all his servants were standing about him).

7 Then Saul said unto his servants that stood about him, Hear now, ye ‡ 1.23 Benjamites s 1.24, will the son of Jesse give every one of you fields, and vineyards, and make you all captains of thousands, and captains of hundreds t 1.25:

8 That all of you have conspired against me, and there is none that ‡ 1.26 sheweth me that my son hath made a league with the son of Jesse u 1.27, and there is none of you that is sorry for me, or shew∣eth unto me, that my son hath stirred up my servant against me to lie in wait x 1.28, as at this day.

9 ¶ Then answered * 1.29 Doeg the Edomite (which was set over the servants of Saul) and said, I saw the son of Jesse coming to Nob y 1.30, to Ahimelech the son of * 1.31 Ahitub.

10 And he enquired of the LORD for him z 1.32, and * 1.33 gave him victuals, and gave him the sword of Goliah the Philistine.

11 Then the king sent to call Ahimelech the priest the son of Ahitub, and all his fathers house a 1.34, the priests that were in Nob: and they came all of them to the king.

12 And Saul said, Hear now, thou son of Ahi∣tub b 1.35: and he answered, ‡ 1.36 Here I am, my Lord.

13 And Saul said unto him, Why have ye con∣spired against me, thou, and the son of Jesse, in that thou hast given him bread, and a sword, and hast enquired of God for him, that he should rise against me to lie in wait, as at this day?

14 Then Ahimelech answered the king, and said, And who is so faithful among all thy servants, as David c 1.37, which is the kings son in law, and go∣eth at thy bidding, and is honourable in thine house.

15 Did I then begin to enquire of God for him? be it far from me: let not the king impute any thing d 1.38 unto his servant, nor to all the house of my father: for thy servant knew nothing of all this e, ‡ 1.39 less or more.

16 And the king said, Thou shalt surely die, Ahimelech, thou and all thy fathers house.

17 ¶ And the king said unto the ‖ 1.40 ‡ 1.41 •…•…ootmen that stood about him, Turn, and slay the priests of the LORD, because their hand is with David, and be∣cause they knew when he fled, and did not shew it me. But the servants of the king would not put forth their hand to fall upon the priests of the LORD f 1.42.

18 And the king said to Doeg, Turn thou g 1.43, and fall upon the priests. And Doeg the Edo∣mite h 1.44 turned, and he fell upon the priests, and * 1.45 slew on that day fourscore and five persons i 1.46 that did wear a linnen ephod k 1.47.

19 And Nob the city of the priests smote he l 1.48

l 1.49 with the edge of the sword, both men and wo∣men, children and sucklings, and oxen, and asses, and sheep, with the edge of the sword.

20 ¶ And one of the sons of Ahimelech, the son of Ahitub, named Abiathar m 1.50, escaped and fled after David n 1.51:

21 And Abiathar shewed David, that Saul had slain the LORDS priests.

22 And David said unto Abiathar, I knew it o 1.52 that day, when Doeg the Edomite was there, that he would surely tell Saul: I have accasioned the death of all the persons of thy fathers house.

23 Abide thou with me, fear not: for he that seeketh my life, seeketh thy life: but with me thou shalt be in safeguard p 1.53.

Notes

• * 1.1

  P•…•…a. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and 142. 〈◊〉〈◊〉
• a 1.2

  A Place of considerable Strength, 2 Sam. 23. 13. 1 Chron. 11. 15. in the Land of Iudah, Ios. 15. 21, 35. which being his own Tribe, and the Tribe to which God had first promi∣sed the Kingdom, Gen. 49. 10. he hoped for some Protection and Assistance there.
• b 1.3

  Partly to comfort and assist him; partly, to secure themselves at the present from Saul's Rage, which they knew to be Fierce and Cruel, and thought he might extend it to David's Friends; especially, because they had so lately Entertained him, Chap. 20. 6, 29. And partly, that they might share with David in his Honour and Advance∣ment; which they now concluded certain, and near, though it was interrupted with some difficulties.
• c 1.4

  Through Want, or Oppression, or otherwise.
• ‡ 1.5

  Heb. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 creditor.
• d 1.6

  How could David receive, and countenance such persons to the wrong of their Creditors? Answ. 1. David might be ignorant of their Debts; and it is most likely they conceal∣ed that, and pretended other causes of their coming to him, as the Protection of the Innocent, and the Defence of his Just Rites, &c. 2. They might be, and probably were, poor Debtors, whom their Creditors were obliged to spare, and favour, Exod. 22. 25. And though their Persons were with David, yet their Lands and Goods were liable to their Cre∣ditors.
• ‡ 1.7

  Heb. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 soul.
• e 1.8

  Or, bitter in soul: i. e. In an Afflicted, and Ca∣lamitous condition.
• f 1.9

  He did not justifie, nor maintain any Injustice or Wickedness, which some of them possibly might be guilty of; but on the contrary, he instructed, and obliged them to the practise of all Justice and Honesty; as appears from Chap. 25. 15. And he onely used them for his just De∣fence.
• g 1.10

  So called, to distinguish it from that Mizpeh, 1 Sam. 7. 5.
• h 1.11

  Partly, because he was related to, and descended from one of his People; Ruth. 4. 10. And partly, because he was Saul's Enemy, 1 Sam. 14. 47. and therefore more likely to be David's Friend.
• i 1.12

  Who being very Aged, were not able to endure those Journeys and hardships which David fore∣saw that he was likely to be Exposed to.
• k 1.13

  Till I see the Accomplishment of God's Promise made to me.
• l 1.14

  Into his Presence that he might see them, and give them leave to dwell in his Dominion.
• m 1.15

  Either, 1. In Mizpeh of Moab, which was a very strong Hold. But it is apparent, he speaks of some Hold, where his Father and Mother were exposed to fear and danger from Saul; which they were not in the King of Moab's Royal City. Or, 2. In the Cave of Adullam; mentioned above, v. 1. Or, 3. In Holes; the Singular Number being put for the Plural; as is frequent: i. e. As long as David was forc'd to go from Place to Place, and from Hold to Hold, to secure himself: for it concern'd David to secure his Father, and he did doubtless secure him for all that time; and not onely whilest he was in the Hold of Mizpeh, or of Adullam, which was but a little while.
• * 1.16

  2 Sam. 24. 11. 1 Chro. 21. 9. 2 Chro. 29. 25.
• n 1.17

  Do not shut up thy self in Holes, and Holds.
• o 1.18

  Go and shew thy self in the Land of Iudah, that thou mayest Pub∣lickly put in thy Claim to the Kingdom after Saul's Death; and that thy Friends may be invited and encouraged to ap∣pear on thy behalf. Hereby also God would exercise Da∣vid's Faith, and Wisdome, and Courage; and so prepare him for the Kingdom, and uphold, and increase his Repu∣tation among the People.
• p 1.19

  Where there were many Caves and lurking Places.
• ‖ 1.20

  Or, grove in a high place.
• q 1.21

  i. e. In the Territory of Gibeah, in, or near (for so the Hebrew Particle is oft used; as hath been shewed) Ramah. Or, in the town of Gibeah—in an high place; for so the Word Ramah unquestionably signifies; and so it is here rendred by some, both Ancient and Modern Interpreters.
• r 1.22

  Either as an Ensign of Majesty, for in old times Kings carried a Spear instead of a Scepter; as Iustin and others note; Or, as an Instrument of Self-defence or Cruelty, as occasion required.
• ‡ 1.23

  Heb. sons of Iemini. Chap. 9.
• s 1.24

  You that are of my own Tribe and Kindred, from whom David designs to translate the Kingdom to another Tribe.
• t 1.25

  Will he distribute Profits and Preferments amongst you Benjamites, as I have done, and intend still to do? will he not rather prefer those of his own Tribe before you?
• ‡ 1.26

  Heb. unco∣vereth mine ear.
• u 1.27

  This he suspected, partly, from Ionathan's passionate Love for David, which he had formerly, and constantly de∣clared; and from his late discontent and departure from his Father, mentioned, Chap. 20. 33. and partly, from David's confidence, in Invading the Land with Four hundred Men, which he thought he would never presume to do, without some encouragement or promise of Assistance from Iona∣than.
• x 1.28

  i. e. To design against my Crown, and Life, which will appear to be a most groundless suspicion, and false Ac∣cusation.
• * 1.29

  Psal. 52. title
• y 1.30

  See on Chap. 21. 7.
• * 1.31

  Chap. 14. 3.
• z 1.32

  This is not Recorded, Chap. 21. and therefore some think, that Doeg to curry-favour with Saul, feigned this; for it is certain, David chargeth him with the Sin of Lying, Psal. 52. 3. though it is not improbable, that he told other Lies also, not here expressed; and withal, he was guilty o•…•… concealing part of the Truth, which in this case he was ob∣liged to declare for Ahimelech's just Defence; to wit, the cunning pretence and artifice whereby David circumvented Ahimeleth. Others think this was true, because Ahimelech seems to confess it, v. 15. though that may be spoken by way of concession. If it were so as Doeg declares, this was no new thing. Then he might add, that it was not so; though this be not here mentioned: for it is evident, That all his Answer or Apology, is not here expressed; for here is not a word of the Victuals or Sword which he gave him.
• * 1.33

  Chap. 21. 6, 9.
• a 1.34

  Of the House of Eli, which God had threatned to cut off, Chap. 2. 31.
• b 1.35

  He shews his Contempt and Anger, that he would not vouchsafe to Name him: See before, on Chap. 20. 27.
• ‡ 1.36

  Hebr. behold me.
• c 1.37

  He doth not determine the differences between Saul and David; nor affirm, what David now was: but onely decla∣red what David had formerly been, both really, and in Pub∣lick Fame and Opinion.
• d 1.38

  Or, this thing; to wit, which thou now chargest me with, That I should Assist David in any evil Design against thee, or of thy suspition concerning him. For as for Saul's Attempts upon David, well might Ahimelech impute them wholly to the violence of Saul's Passion and Disease, seeing even Ionathan did so, as may be gathered from 1 Sam. 20. 2.
• ‡ 1.39

  Heb. little or great.
• ‖ 1.40

  Or, Guard.
• ‡ 1.41

  Heb. runners.
• f 1.42

  Choosing rather to offend the King, by disobeying his wicked and bloody Command, than to offend God, by shed∣ding the Blood of such Innocent and Sacred Persons.
• g 1.43

  Or, go about, to wit, from man to man, till thou hast killed all.
• h 1.44

  Which is noted to wipe off the stain of this Butchery from the Israelitish Nation, and to shew, why he was so ready to do it, because he was one of that Nation which had an implacable hatred against all Israelites, and against the Priests of the Lord.
• * 1.45

  Chap. 2. 31.
• i 1.46

  With his own hand: which was not difficult, when no resistance was made.
• k 1.47

  Not at that time, as some fancy, but usually such as used to Minister to the Lord in a linnen Ephod, which Priests and Levites used to do. See Exod. 28. 40. &c. 1 Sam. 2. 18.
• l 1.48

  Either Saul, or Doeg, with the help of some others whom Saul appointed to that work. By this barbarous and bloody Fact Saul thought to affright all his Subjects from giving any countenance or assistance to David.
• l 1.49

  Either Saul, or Doeg, with the help of some others whom Saul appointed to that work. By this barbarous and bloody Fact Saul thought to affright all his Subjects from giving any countenance or assistance to David.
• m 1.50

  Who by his Fathers death was now High-Priest.
• n 1.51

  To Keilah, chap. 23. 6, 7.
• o 1.52

  His malice and ambition made me suspect that he would do it.
• p 1.53

  Because God will certainly preserve me to the Kingdom which he hath promised: and I by his help will protect thee.