Annotations upon the Holy Bible. Vol. I wherein the sacred text is inserted, and various readings annex'd, together with parallel scriptures, the more difficult terms in each verse are explained, seeming contradictions reconciled, questions and doubts resolved, and the whole text opened / by the late reverend and learned divine Mr. Matthew Poole.

CHAP. LIX.

1 BEhold, the LORDS hand is not * 1.1 shortned u 1.2, that it cannot save: neither his ear heavy x 1.3, that it cannot hear.

2 But your iniquities have separated y 1.4 between you and your God; and your sins ‖ 1.5 have hid his face z 1.6 from you, that he will not hear a 1.7.

3 For * 1.8 your hands are defiled with blood b 1.9, and your fingers c 1.10 with iniquity, your lips have spoken lies d 1.11, your tongue hath uttered e 1.12 perverse∣ness f 1.13.

4 None calleth for justice g 1.14 nor any pleadeth for * 1.15 truth: they trust in vanity h 1.16, and speak lies i 1.17, * 1.18 they conceive mischief, and bring forth iniquity.* 1.19

5 They hatch ‖ 1.20 cockatrice-eggs l 1.21, and weave the spiders web m 1.22: he that eateth n 1.23 of their eggs di∣eth, and ‖ 1.24 that which is crushed, breaketh out into a viper o 1.25.

6 * 1.26 Their webs shall not become garments p 1.27, neither shall they cover themselves with their works: their works are works of iniquity q 1.28, and the act of violence is in their hands r 1.29.

7 * 1.30 Their feet s 1.31 run to evil, and they make haste to shed innocent blood: their thoughts t 1.32 are thoughts of iniquity, wasting and † 1.33 destruction are in their paths u 1.34.

8 The way of peace they know not x 1.35, and there is no ‖ 1.36 judgment y 1.37 in their goings z 1.38: they have made them crooked a 1.39 paths: whosoever goeth therein shall not know b 1.40 peace.

9 Therefore is * 1.41 judgment far from us c 1.42, nei∣ther doth justice d 1.43 overtake us: we wait for light e 1.44, but behold obscurity; for brightness, but we walk in darkness f 1.45.

10 We * 1.46 grope g 1.47 for the wall like the blind, and we grope as if we had no eyes h 1.48: we stumble at noon-day i 1.49 as in the night; we are in desolate places as dead men k 1.50:

11 We roar l 1.51 all like bears, and * 1.52 mourn m 1.53 sore like doves: we look for Judgment, but there is none; for salvation, but it is far from us n 1.54▪

12 For our transgressions n 1.55 are multiplied be∣fore thee o 1.56, and our sins testifie p 1.57 against us: for our transgressions are with us q 1.58, and as for our ini∣quities we know them r 1.59:

13 In transgressing s 1.60 and lying t 1.61 against the LORD, and departing u 1.62 away from our God, speaking x 1.63 oppression and revolt, conceiving and uttering y 1.64 from the heart words of falshood z 1.65. * 1.66

14 And judgment is turned away backward a 1.67▪ and justice standeth afar off b 1.68: for truth is fallen c 1.69 in the street d 1.70, and equity cannot enter e 1.71.

15 Yea, truth faileth f 1.72, and he that departeth from evil g 1.73 ‖ 1.74 maketh himself a prey h 1.75: and the LORD saw it i 1.76, and † 1.77 it displeased him k 1.78, that there was no judgment.

16 And he saw that there was no man l 1.79, and wondred m 1.80 that there was no intercessour: * 1.81 there∣fore n 1.82 his arm brought salvation unto him o 1.83, and his * 1.84 righteousness p 1.85 it sustained him.

17 * 1.86 For he put on righteousness as a breast∣plate q 1.87, and an helmet r 1.88 of salvation upon his head; and he put on the garments of vengeance s 1.89 for clo∣thing, and was clad with zeal t 1.90 as a cloke.

18 * 1.91 According to their † 1.92 deeds u 1.93, accordingly he will repay, fury x 1.94 to his adversaries, recom∣pense to his enemies, to the islands y 1.95 he will repay recompense.

19 So shall they fear the name of the LORD z 1.96 from the west a 1.97, and his glory b 1.98 from the rising of the sun c 1.99: when the enemy d 1.100 shall come in * 1.101 like a flood, the spirit of the Lord shall ‖ 1.102 lift up a stan∣dard e 1.103 against him.

20 And f 1.104 * 1.105 the redeemer g 1.106 shall come to Zion h 1.107, and unto them that turn from transgression in Ja∣cob i 1.108 •…•…aith the LORD k 1.109.

21 And as for me, this is my covenant l 1.110 with them, saith the LORD, My spirit that is upon thee m 1.111, and my words which I have put in thy mouth n 1.112, shall not depart out of thy mouth, nor out of the mouth of thy seed, nor out of the mouth of thy seeds seed o 1.113, saith the LORD, from hence∣forth and for ever p 1.114.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Num. 11. 23 Chap. 37. 27. & 50. 2.
• u 1.2

  He is not grown weaker, then in former times, as omnipotent as ever he was; hand is here by a Synecdoche put for arm, and so for strength, because the strength of a man doth generally put forth itself in his arm, and thus it is applied to God in his bringing Israel out of Aegypt, Psal. 136. 12.
• x 1.3

  Of thick of hearing, he is not like your Idol Gods, that have hands, and can not help, and ears, and cannot hear. The phrases are much to the same purpose, save onely, that they seem to be appropriated to the double cavil, or quarrel, that the Jews might have with God, as 1. Surely if God were not heavy, or hard of hearing, he could not but hear those strong cries that we put up in the days of our fast, or, 2. If he did hear, certainly he could not help us, and thus it may have respect to the beginning of the 58th chap. Or, the words may be by way of confirmation, and establishment, and so may relate to the close of it, to let them know, that if they sought him as they ought, and was before prescribed, he was not inexorable, but willing to hear, and able to make good all those promises that he had made from ver. 8. to the end. The sum is, to shew that the fault was not in God, that their fasts and cries were not regarded, for his •…•…ar was as quick to hear as ever; nor their services rewarded, for his hand was as able to help as ever, but the obstruction lay in their sins, which is positively asserted. ver. 2. and a more particular account given of them in the sequel.
• y 1.4

  Have been as a thick wall between God and you, have set him at a great distance, Prov. 15. 29.
• ‖ 1.5

  Or, have made him hide.
• z 1.6

  This may be put Synechdo∣chically for the whole Person, and the Prophet speaking of God by an Anthropopathy may understand his presence and then it is, hath made him hide, or withdraw his presence as one that turns away his face from some noisom thing▪ or rather his favour, that though you cry to be delivered out of Babylon, yet you shall not find that favour.
• a 1.7

  i. e. He will not grant it, thus it is used, Psal. 45. 12. Hos. 5. 15. see on chap. 1. 15. see Iudg. 10. 13.
• * 1.8

  Cha. 1. 15.
• b 1.9

  Here the Prophet comes from a more general, to a more par∣ticular charge against them; by blood we are to understand either murders, and bloodshed, properly so called, or ways of injustice, extortion, oppression, and cruelties, whereby men are deprived of a livelyhood; hence hating our Brother, is called murder, 1 Iohn 3. 15. and the inhabitants of Ierusalem called murderers, see how the Prophet phraseth their oppression, Mic. 3. 1, 2, 3.
• c 1.10

  This is not added to protract the discourse, but to aggravate their sin. q. d. Not only your hands, but your fingers, you are not free from the least part of injustice.
• d 1.11

  Not only properly so called, but perjuries, and wronging your Neighbours by slanders, and false ac∣cusations, wherein he shews they did not only offer violence by the hand, but they had ways of circumventing with their lips.
• e 1.12

  The verb doth properly signifie to muse, or meditate; then the meaning is, that what they mutter, or utter with the tongue, they do it out of premeditated malice from a perverse spirit; you may have a larger comment upon this▪ Ier. 9. 3, 4, 5, 6.
• f 1.13

  Perverse words are such as are contrary to Gods Word, and it is put here in the abstract, to intimate that their words were every way contra∣ry to Gods Will.
• g 1.14

  i. e. None seek to redress these wrongs, and violences, they commit all rapines, and frauds under impunity: Either 1. Because the Judges are corrupt. Or, 2. Because none will warn the judges of their duty. Or, 3. Because none seek to bring offenders to Justice. Or, 4. Because none will plead a righteous cause or plead it righteously, or countenance goodness, and this the next expres∣sion favours, and so Justice suffers, which the Hebrew word nis•…•…at being in the passive voice, seems to intimate; the sense is the same, and whereas it is said none, it is as much as to say very few, as we say few or none, the like Psal. 14. 3. Qu. How could this be char∣ged upon them, when in the time of their 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 no Courts? Answ. It is probable they had 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 them∣selves, to judge between one another by leave of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Kings.
• * 1.15

  Jer. 9. 4▪
• h 1.16

  Either, 1. Relating to their lies, which are words emp∣ty, and void of all consistency, and so it is the same with the next expression, and speak lies. Or, 2. In their Idols, which are stocks and stones, and so o•…•…t called vanity and nothing, 1 Cor. 8. 4. For e∣ven in Babylon, they worshipped Idols as appears by Ier. 16. 11▪ 12, 18. Or, rather, 3. In their power, and craft, and policy, where∣by, laying aside Justice, they can oppress others, and so he calls it vanity by a Metonymy of the Adjunct, because it would prove all vain in the end, and either, 1. Frustrate their ends. Or, 2. Not justi∣fy them against Gods proceedings with them. Or, 3. Bring all in∣to emptiness and confusion; the word is tohu, whereby the confusi∣on, and mingling of all things is expressed, before the world was brought into order, and from Gen. 1. 2.
• i 1.17

  It may refer both to the Judges, and to the Lawyers, and false Prophets, that tell them they shall not go into Captivity, they speak that which they know to be false.
• * 1.18

  Job 15. 35. Psal. 7. 14.
• * 1.19

  k These two words of Conceiving, and Bringing forth, note their whole contrivance, and perfecting their wickedness, the former notes their plotting, the latter their execution of mischief; whatever is in the mind only out of sight, warmed, and formed there by cogitating and meditation, is called Conception, which being ripe, and produced to view, is called a Birth, intimating that the wicked sin not occasionally, and accidentally, but premeditating∣ly, and professedly, they grow big with it. The expression is Alle∣gorical, and in the two next verses compared to the Cockatrices Eggs for the wickedness of it, and to a Spiders Web for the vanity of it.
• ‖ 1.20

  Or, adders.
• l 1.21

  Or Adder, or Basilisk; one kind put for any venemous crea∣ture, a proverbial speech signifying by these Eggs mischievous de∣signs, and by hatching them their putting them in practice; this is to shew, that mischief is natural to them, and they can do no other∣wise, as poison is natural to these Eggs.
• m 1.22

  Another Proverbial speech, whereby is taught, both how by their plots they weave nets, lay snares industriously with great pains and artifice, whereby they may entangle, and involve their poor Neighbours in intrica∣cies, and perplexities, and so devour them, as the Spider weaves her web to catch flies, and then to seed on them: And also how that they contrive nothing but what will •…•…end to their own ruine, as the is•…•…ue of the Viper is the death of the Mother; and they, and their designs will come to nothing, and not answer their end, as the Spiders web is soon swept away, and is seen no more, which doth well agree with what follows.
• n 1.23

  Here is a Catachrestical allusion noting, that he who hath commerce with them, and ap∣proves their Counsels, which are the Eggs which they hatch, will be poysoned with them.
• ‖ 1.24

  Or, that which is sprinkled, is as if there brake out a viper.
• o 1.25

  If and be copulative here, then the sense is either, if any seek to crush, and disappoint their plots, or if they be sprinkled, or dispersed abroad (as the margin seems to favour) they will seek his ruine, will be as a Viper to him: But if and be Cau•…•…l, as it often is, and may be here, then the sense is, q. d. he dieth, because the Eggs being crushed, a poysonous Viper pro∣ceeds from it, the more you partake of their counsels, the more you are insected, there lies such a deadly poison embodied in them.
• * 1.26

  Job 8. 14. 15.
• p 1.27

  i. e. Their contrivances, and deep designs shall not advan∣tage them, they being like a thin, and raw garment, either, through which all their wretchedness, and malice will appear, as the next words intimate; or, for want of solidity, and substance, shall not be able to defend them from their impending evils.
• q 1.28

  i. e. Works of injustice, whereby they grieve and vex their Brethren, which the next words do clear.
• r 1.29

  i. e. They exercise themselves in all acts of violence, and oppression.
• * 1.30

  Prov. 1. 16. Rom. 3. 15.
• s 1.31

  This seems to be taken from Prov▪ 1. 16. See the note there. He had spoken of their Hands, Lips, and Heart, &c. before, and now of their Feet, to shew that they were wholly set upon mis∣chief.
• t 1.32

  i. e. Their heart, and Mind, is set upon doing wrong▪ and injury, they not only do evil, but do it deliberately. You have the wicked described by this kind of working of their thoughts, Psal. 64. 6. they meditate on little or nothing else.
• † 1.33

  Heb. break∣ing.
• u 1.34

  A Metaphor put for the behaviours and carriages of Men; in what way or work soever they are engaged▪ it all tends to ruine and destruction, a Metaphor taken from an overspreading torrent, or sweeping Plague, or Beasts of prey, that tear and devour whatsoever comes in their way.
• x 1.35

  Of such turbulent Spirits, living in such continual contentions, and discords, that, breaking in pieces they neither know 1. How to make and keep Peace; neither 2. Do they feel or enjoy the sweet fruits of it: And therefore by consequence 3. They take not the course that leads to Prosperi ty and Happiness. They are not friends to Peace.
• ‖ 1.36

  Or, right.
• y 1.37

  i. e. No Ju∣stice, Equity, Faith or Integrity, which are the soundation of Judgment.
• z 1.38

  As Paths did note their habitual way or manner of living, so goings do signifie their actual progress in that way, or their works, thus I•…•…b 14. 16.
• a 1.39

  They walk by no rule, which should discover the crooked from the straight; they are full of unevennesses and uncertainties, contrary to what David speaks, Psal. 26. 12. The LXX render it perverse: Moses joins them both together, Deut. 32. 5. and so doth Solomon, speaking what Wisdom shall deliver from Prov. 2. 15. and it stands in oppo∣sition to them that walk uprightly, Prov. 28. 18. It may note 1. Their Hypocrisie, that pretend one thing, and do another, that oppress under a pretence of Justice. Or 2. Their professed and owned irregularities, and deviations from the rule of Justice.
• b 1.40

  i. e. Shall not experience it; Whosoever do as they do will be turbulent, and perverse, as they are, and have as little peace with∣in, or Happiness without, as they have ch. 57. 21. They shall be poisoned by having converse with them, as in v. 5. which the next words do intimate.
• * 1.41

  Ver. 11, & 14.
• c 1.42

  This seems to be spoken in the person of those Jews that did partake of these sins, giving the reason by way of complaint of those evils that they groaned under.
• d 1.43

  Iudgment, and so Justice is here taken for deliverance, Isa. 1. 27. q. d. God doth not de∣fend our right, nor revenge our wrong, nor deliver us because of these outrages, and acts of violence, injustice, and oppression, that are committed among us, so that deliverance is called here Iudg∣ment and Iustice by a Metonymy of the efficient. q. d. If we had exe∣cuted Judgment, and Equity among one another, they would not now have been far from us; as works are somtimes put for the re∣ward of works, Iob 7. 2. Psal. 109. 20. So Judgment and Justice is put for the reward of Judgment and Justice; or wicked men are in Power, and seats of Judicature, that execute no judgment or justice in the behalf of the oppressed.
• e 1.44

  How the Hebrews use Light and Darkness, see before on Ch. 58. 8, 10.
• f 1.45

  Or, mist, we are in such a thick mist, that which way soever we look, we see no way out, no hope of deliverance, we are still in Captivity, and like so to be, till we see Judgment and Justice excuted, and then we may expect good days.
• * 1.46

  Deut. 28. 28, 29. Job 5. 14. Amos 8. 9.
• g 1.47

  As a blind man, that hath no other Eyes then his Hands, feels for the Wall, from whence he expects either 〈◊〉〈◊〉, o•…•… a resting place to lean on, so they expect Salvation as it were blind∣fold, not taking direction from the Prophets, but hoping to ob∣tain it by their cries and Fasts, though they continued in their sins, and therefore may well be said to grope after it; See Deut. 28. 28, 29. Iob 12. 25.
• h 1.48

  As if we were stark blind, and being here put for yea, thereby aggravating the misery in repeating the expression.
• i 1.49

  This notes their exceeding blindness, as it must needs be with one that can discern no more at noon day, than if it were midnight, Iob 5. 14.
• k 1.50

  He compares their Captivity to men dead without hope of recovery, their bonds render them as free among the dead, Psal. 88. 5. They can see the way, or get out of their Cap∣tivity no more than dead men can out of their Graves; Thus a ca∣lamitous estate is set forth, Psal. 44. 19. great calamity and de∣spair oft going together, they are as men cast out no more to be looked after. Compare Lam. 3. 6. All darkness is uncomfortable, but that of the grave terrible.
• l 1.51

  This signifies the greatness of their anguish, that forced from them these loud outeries.
• * 1.52

  Ch. 38. 14.
• m 1.53

  This notes some sense of their con∣dition, that wrought in them these sorrowful Lamentations: Or, it may relate to the condition, that both sorts of people were in under their oppressing Governours. It made the wicked roar like Bears, and the godly mourn like Doves: It is thus expressed because these properties are peculiar to these creatures. The Bear, when robbed, goes into his den and roars: The Dove, when absent from her mate, sits solitary, and mourns.
• n 1.54

  See the Exposition of this last part of the verse, v. 9.
• n 1.55

  The word here signifies sins of an high nature, such as where∣in there is much of Mans Will against Light, Rebellious Sins.
• o 1.56

  q. d. They admit of no excuse; for they are stain before thee, and multiplied against thee, whereby thou art justly provoked to deny us all help.
• p 1.57

  Every sin that is charged upon us is like so many Witnesses produced to prove the guilt of our Consciences; or, as the Hebrew word, do answer, and so some make it an elegant Metaphorical Allusion to the Eccho, which, as it returns the voice again, so those Judgments they cry out of, are but the meritori∣ous Repercussion of their sins: They had been cruel to others, nei∣ther had they executed Judgment, and Justice, and here they suffer all kind of cruelties, and Indignities from the Chaldaeans, as the true and just representation or Eccho of their own works; See a personal instance in Adoni-bezek, Iudg. 1. 6, 7.
• q 1.58

  i. e. We he under the guilt of them, they are a burden to us, God hath not yet forgiven them.
• r 1.59

  We are convinced of them, our guilty Consciences must own and acknowledge them, Psal. 51. 3. It notes either their Conviction, or Sorrow, or both, See Ier. 14. 7. Or, we know what are those sins thou art so angry with us for: and this is favour∣ed by the sequel, where they seem to particularize those sins in the following verses.
• s 1.60

  Properly we rebel against God, so the word is ch. 1, 2. and have persisted in our Rebellion.
• t 1.61

  Being true to none of their Engagements, Vows, and Promises; some make transgressing here, and l•…•…ing to be one and the same thing, inasmuch as in their trans∣gressing of the Law of God, they did break their solemn engage∣ment to God upon Mount Sinai, Exod. 19. 8. & 24. 3. and else∣where frequently, which is a down •…•…ight lying against God▪ For wherein do we more lye to God, than in a persidious withdrawing from him? So that by transgressing here he doth mean not a breach of one, or another of the Laws of God, but their being as it were fu∣gitives, that would be under no yoke.
• u 1.62

  i. e. Turning from God to Idols.
• x 1.63

  As it were talking of little else one among another, but how to oppress their Neighbours, and apostatize from God.
• y 1.64

  i. e. First contriving and forging in their heart false accusations to the ruine of their Neighbour, and false Worship to the dishonour of God, laying the contrivance so, that it might be effectual, and then uttering it, or venting themselves one to another in their dis∣courses, thereby encouraging each other in their perverse ways see v. 3. and whereas it is said from the heart, it notes a resoluteness in their wickedness, being a great deal worse, than now and then to deal falsly upon some occasion or temptation.
• z 1.65

  They are cal∣led words of falshood, both with reference to men, and to signifie slanders, and false accusations; as also to God, and so signifie their dealing falsly with God, as an Adulteress doth with her Husband, hence Idolaters are called the seed of falshood, ch. 57. 3, 4, 5. and it is said from the heart, to shew that when they dealt with men in ways of fraud, it was from the heart, but when they spake with God it was but from the lip.
• * 1.66

  He now enumerates some of those particular sins they pro•…•…ss themselves to be convinced of, whereby he doth not mean the sins of some particular per∣sons, or some slight sins, but a general de•…•…ection and corruption of the whole body.
• a 1.67

  He speaks here of the Sentences and Decrees in courts of Ju∣dicature, which are carried quite contrary to Right and Justice: God denies you Justice as you have denied help to others.
• b 1.68

  I•…•… notes the same thing with the former, to shew that Justice and Judges are far asunder.
• c 1.69

  A Metaphor taken from a feeble person, that wants support, without which he falls; thus Truth hath none to support or patronize it: the same, only otherwise expressed, with v. 16. Truth is cast upon the ground, and Justice trampled under foot.
• d 1.70

  i. e. in publick.
• e 1.71

  No such thing will be admitted in their Courts, all corrupt, so that all Equity and Justice is violently kept off by the authority of the great ones.
• f 1.72

  q. d. Truth is more than fallen, which he had said in the for∣mer verse; It faileth. For being onely fallen it may recover itself again, but failing notes the loss of its very Vitals. As being every where neglected, in Court, in City, in Country, in inferiour as well as superiour Ranks▪ in the Streets, in the Gates, in the Markets, in the Fairs, in all publick places of commerce, the condition much like that under the Beast coming out of the Earth Rev. 13. 11. &c. See Ps. 10. 7. 8. &c. All things are amiss, neither Judg∣ment, or Justice, or Truth is to be found among us, but Fraud, and Decei•…•…, vet none troubled at it.
• g 1.73

  That separateth himself from evil things, and Persons, will not be as vile, as others.
• ‖ 1.74

  Or, is ac∣counted 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• h 1.75

  Or, is accounted mad, is laughed at that talks of Justice, so some. Iose∣phus tells us, that immediately before the destruction of Ierusalem it was matter of scorn to be religious. Though there be no solid ground for, nor need of that marginal reading, yet is it a truth: The Translators reach the meaning by Prey: The wicked▪ like wild Beasts, endeavouring to devour such as are not as bad as themselves; where Wickedness rules, Innocency is oppressed, in bargaining, as buying, and selling, they that are simple, and in∣nocent are outwitted by the crafty and fraudulent, as not willing, or rather daring to oppose fraud with fraud but to do all things in sincerity.
• i 1.76

  i. e. Took notice of it, 'tis spoken of God after the manner of men, as Gen. 11. 5. & 18. 21. and many other places.
• † 1.77

  〈◊〉〈◊〉. it 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• k 1.78

  •…•…. d. If you would know why God is so angry with you, it is for such things as these, the Lord takes notice of it, and it is a great evil in his eye.
• l 1.79

  Viz. To intercede▪ which is supplied from the following words; or no man to help in such a case, to shew himself, and appear in such a corrupt state in the behalf of equity, as ver. 4. the like cir∣cumstances we have Ezek. 22. 29, 30. or none fit to intercede.
• m 1.80

  Heb. •…•…istomen, was amazed, astonished, as it were, not knowing what to do: This notes both Gods sollicitousness about their con∣dition, and their hypocrisie, as if God took no notice of them, together with their dulness, and blockishness, in not concerning themselves about it, especially considering they had been a people so well instructed, and yet under the guilt of such gross sins, should be no more sollicitous about pardon, which God would readily have granted, if any such could have been found▪ Ier. 5. 1.
• * 1.81

  Psal. 98. 1. Ch 63. 5.
• n 1.82

  Or, Yet, as it is used, ch. 7. 14. & 51. 21.
• o 1.83

  This may relate 1. To the parties thus oppressed: Or 2. To God, as that either 1. He would do his work without help from any other, ch. 51. 5. Or 2. He would avenge himself, his own honor; thus the word is used 1 Sam. 25. 26. and this may, and seems to be the meaning of the next clause: Or 3. He had made provision for the maintaining his own righte∣ous cause, and peoples interest; this sense, that phrase, so like this, favours ch. 63. 5. Salvation unto me.
• * 1.84

  Ch. 42. 21. & 63. 5.
• p 1.85

  Viz. His Justice q. d. seeing there could be no Justice found among them, he would a∣venge the innocent himself, which agrees with ver. 8. and is justi∣fied by ch. 63. 5. where speaking of the destruction of the Idumae∣ans, you have the same words, onely the word F•…•…y changed for Righteousness. The literal meaning is God's taking vengeance on the Chaldeans for his Peoples sake. The mystical is Christs making use of his own Righteousness for the redemption of lost man, be∣ing destitute of all other.
• * 1.86

  Eph. 6. 14, 17. 1 Thes. 5. 8.
• q 1.87

  God, resolving to appear as a Man of War against Babylon, that did now oppress his People, puts on his Arms, Heb. wrapt himself, and particularly his Breast-plate which he calls Righteousness, to shew the justness of his Cause, as also his Faithfulness in making good his Promises to his People.
• r 1.88

  As the Breast-plate is to defend the Heart and vital parts, whereby God doth signifie the Innocency and justness of his Cause, as well as his Faithfulness; so the Helmet is to defend the Brain, the fountain of the animal Spirits, and there∣fore by this piece of armour would have us know that he is invin∣cible▪ As by the other that he defends a just Cause in his Truth, and faithfulness, so by this, that he cannot be disappointed in it by reason of his Power, and Invincibleness.
• s 1.89

  Or Garments made of Vengeance, as God is said to put on the former for their sakes, whom he would preserve, so he puts on these for their sakes, whom he will destroy, viz. his Peoples Enemies▪ the Chaldeans, and other enemies of the Jews.
• t 1.90

  Either 1. Zeal to his own ho∣nour, which had been given to Idols; or 2. Zeal for his own Peo∣ple, who were now in distress: Or 3. Zeal, and Indignation a∣gainst the Babylonians, who were such great oppressors of his Peo∣ple, which are the materials, that his garment of vengeance, and his cloak of Zeal is made of. It may be triffling to follow this Meta∣phor of Garments too close; see of the Phrase, Iudg. 6. 34. marg. The sum of all these expressions is this, to describe both the cause, and effect together, the cause was Righteousness and zeal in God, the effect Salvation to his People, and vengeance on his enemies, as is evi∣dent from the next verse.
• * 1.91

  Ch. 63▪ 6.
• † 1.92

  Heb. recom∣penses, or, de∣ser•…•…s.
• u 1.93

  Heb. Recompenses or deserts, i. e. he will recompense his Ad∣versaries with those effects of his fury that they have deserved.
• x 1.94

  A Metonymy of the Efficient; for the effects of his fury.
• y 1.95

  Or, Islanders, a Metonymy of the containing for the contained, either Mesopotamia, and other adjacent Islands, encompassed by Tygris and Euphrates; or those remoter Nations (for the Hebrews call Nations remote from Iudaea Islands, Gen. 10. 5. ch. 41. 1. See on ch. 20. 6. and the reason of it.) under the King of Babylon, that thought themselves secure.
• z 1.96

  i. e. Either worship the Lord▪ For the name of God is put for God himself, as hath been often shewed, and Fear is put for his worship. Or, make his name renowned.
• a 1.97

  Viz. The we∣stern part of the world.
• b 1.98

  Or the glorious God.
• c 1.99

  Viz. the Eastern parts of the World: The summ is the whole World, either a Synecdoche of the part for the whole, or, if you divide the World through the poles, the one half will be East, and the other West, and so compriseth the whole World. It shall fear and wor∣ship God, and make his Name renowned, laying aside their Ido∣latries. whether you refer it to the deliverance of his people out of Babylon, when they shall hear how God hath executed vengeance on his Enemies; or, to the Redemption by Christ, and his calling of the Gentiles, Mal. 1. 11.
• d 1.100

  Either against the Babylonians, as some understand it, and so it is probably meant of Cyrus, who shall come like a violent flood, against which there is no head to be made: Him God would stir up against the Babylonians for the deliverance of the Jews. Or, against his own People, and so it may have either 1. A more particular respect to Ierusalem, when Sennacherib came up against it, which suits well with what God saith of him ch. 8. 7, 8. Or 2. More general at what time soever the Devil, or his Instruments shall make violent irruptions upon the Church, Rev. 12. •…•…5. for powerful Enemies invading a Country are o•…•… compared to a River. See on ch. 18. 2. It is an allusion to the overflowing of Euphrates, which by its violent inundations was wont to do much hurt and damage to the Babylonians.
• * 1.101

  Rev. 12. 15.
• ‖ 1.102

  Or, put him to flight.
• e 1.103

  And here again, if it be taken in the first sense, viz. against the Baby∣lonians, then the meaning is, God himself shall as i•…•… were carry the standard in the midst of Cyrus his Army, the Medes and Persians, and that with a great deal of fury intimated here by the Spirit of the Lord: for Spirit is often used among the Hebrews for the passi∣ons of the Soul, as Anger, Wrath, Fury, &c. Or, as a violent blast, or gale of Wind shall help forward the violence of the tor∣•…•…ent, and if so, then him, by an Enallage of the Number, which is frequent, is put for them. But if in either of the other two senses, viz. with particular respect to Sennacherib, then the spirit of the Lord, as with a blast, onely shall pu•…•… him away, which was made good, Isa. 37. 7▪ 36, 37. Or, with more general reference to the violence of Enemies against the Church; then the meaning is God shall make known himself to take their part and defend them, Ps. 6. 3, 4, 5 and cause the Enemies to give back, or put them to flight, as in the margin, Isa. 17. 12, 13, 14. and that without Power, but by his Spirit alone▪ as easie as by a puff of wind. Zech. 4. 6. Again, if you take this (as some learned men do) in a spiritual sense, then it notes the suddenness of the Gospels spreading itself by the Spirit in the Ministry of the Apostles and Evangelists, bearing down like a flood, all that opposes it, the Lord Jesus Christ being lifted up in it as a Banner or Ensign; but this sense, though true, seems to be more forced, and as it relates to temporal deliverances, more genuine and natural: however the prophet being about to speak of the spiritual deliverances, and state of the Church by Christ, he seems to slide, as it were, into it by such plain Allusions, and Types, being to speak of it more directly in the following Chap∣ters.
• f 1.104

  Moreover, or to wit. And being here not so much copulative as expositive.
• * 1.105

  Rom. 11. 26.
• g 1.106

  The word notes a Redemption with power. viz. 1. Cyrus, the instrument for the efficient, viz. God the redeemer, ch. 43. 14. and 45. 13. Or 2. Christ of whom the Apostle ex∣pounds it, Rom. 11. 26. the Prophets usually concluding their Pro∣mises of temporal deliverances with the Promises of spiritual, espe∣cially such, of which the temporal were evident Types.
• h 1.107

  Viz. Ierusalem, to which though Cyrus came not in person, yet his fa∣vours, and the good effects of his Conquest over Babylon reached it, setting free the Citizens of Zion, as Christ also his Church, which is often called by the name of Zion, and Iacob, and Israel, &c.
• i 1.108

  Viz. Among the Jews, who were the children of Iacob, and he describes to whom of these, namely to them, and none else, that turn from transgression, such only, whose hearts God touched, and turned to Righteousness; And so to come to Sion here by the Pro∣pher, and out of Sion by the Apostle, is one and the same thing, see on Deut. 33. 2. for the Hebrew lamed is not only an Article of the Dative Case, but put often for mim, of or from, so that letsion is out of Sion: And for Christ to be given a Redeemer to Sion is the same thing, as his coming to take iniquity from Iacob. And so the Apostle doth by this expound that, taking an Apostolical Liberty not only to quote, but to expound this Text, and so by laying them together, and making them one, would teach us, that God must do for us what he requireth of us. Acts 3 26. or else, which is the opinion of some, he takes the last clause from some other Text, or Texts as Isa. 4. 4. I incline to the former, partly because there is no need of searching for any other Text, and partly be∣cause, as the Apostle quoteth it, it is agreeable to the LXX, which he frequently makes use of; and this the Apostle improves as an allegory to prove that the Jews toward the end of the world shall be converted, and saved, when the fulness of the Gentiles shall be brought in. q d. As this People of old were delivered out of a dark and dolesome estate, when they seemed as it were extinct, so toward the end of the world the remnant of the Jews, that seem to be rejected, God will again bring home unto himself.
• k 1.109

  Or, thus it is Decreed, and determined by the Lord; the Pro∣phets are wont to se•…•… down these words as a sacred seal of certain∣ty, security, or confirmation of such signal promises as this is of the Redeemer, like to that of the Apostle, 1 Tim. 1. 15.
• l 1.110

  Or what I have promised, and so am engaged to see fulfilled, viz. to them that turn from their iniquity, or rather, the promise of his word, and Spirit to abide in his Church, upon which account it is also, that the Spirit is promised in the next words, by which is understood, either the gift of Prophecy, or the Prophecy itself gi∣ven here to Isaiah, and so to the Church. And being here, as in the foregoing verse explicative, not copulative, unless it note, that in an ordinary way the Spirit, and the Word go together wherever either of them are effectual, the Spirit impressing what the word expresses, Ioh. 14. 10, 17, 26. and it is the Spirit of Satan, that is different from the word.
• m 1.111

  See on Num. 11. 17, 25, &c. & 2 Kin. 2. 15.
• n 1.112

  Which thou hast uttered by vertue of my Spirit, it be∣ing the Churches great treasure, and happiness to have God present with his word.
• o 1.113

  The sense is either, these words, and the fulfil∣ling of them shall be alwaies talked of wherever the mention of this deliverance shall come, as is said of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ointment, Mat. 26. 13. Or, rather, he seems to promise the perpetual presence of his Word, and Spirit with the Prophets, Apostles, and Ministers, and Teachers of the Church to all succeeding ages thereof, and may have a special reference to the Gospel, or new Covenant in Christ.
• p 1.114

  i. e. for a long, though yet a definitive space of time, as it is of∣ten used.