Annotations upon the Holy Bible. Vol. I wherein the sacred text is inserted, and various readings annex'd, together with parallel scriptures, the more difficult terms in each verse are explained, seeming contradictions reconciled, questions and doubts resolved, and the whole text opened / by the late reverend and learned divine Mr. Matthew Poole.

PSAL. XXII.

The ARGUMENT.

That question mentioned, Act. 8. 34. is very Proper here, Of whom speaketh the Prophet this (Psalm?) of himself, or of some other Man? It is confessed that David was a Type of Christ, and that many Psalms or passages of the Psalms, though properly and litterally understood of Da∣vid, yet had a farther and Mystical reference to Christ, in whom they were accomplished. But there are some other Psalms or passages in the Psalms, as also some Chapters or passages in other Prophets, especially in Isaiah, who lived not very long after David, which either by those sacred Pen-men, or at least by the Holy Ghost inspiring them, which is one and the same thing, were directly, Primari∣ly and Immediately intended for, and are Properly and litterally to be understood of the Messias; though withal there may be some respect and allusi∣on to the state of the Pen-man himself, who being a Type of Christ, it is not strange if there be ma∣ny Resemblances between them. And this seems to be the state of this Psalm, which is understood of the Messias, by the Hebrew Doctors themselves, and by Christ himself, and by his Apostles, as we shall see. And there are many passages in it, which were most litterally accomplished in him, and can∣not in a tolerable Sence be understood of any other, as we shall see in the particular Verses. And there∣fore, I doubt not, that David, though he had an Eye to his own Condition, in divers passages here used, yet was carried forth by the Spirit of Pro∣phecy beyond himself and unto Christ, to whom a∣lone it truly and fully agrees.

To the chief musician upon ‖ 1.1 Aijeleth Shahar a 1.2, a Psalm of David.

1. MY * 1.3 God b 1.4, my * 1.5 God c 1.6, why hast thou for∣saken me d 1.7? Why art thou so far † 1.8 from helping me, and from the words of my roaring e 1.9?

2. O my God, I cry in the day-time, but thou hearest me not; and in the night-season, and † 1.10 am not silent f 1.11.

3. But thou art holy g 1.12, O thou that inhabitest the praises of Israel g 1.13.

4. Our fathers trusted in thee: they trusted, and thou didst deliver them h 1.14.

5. They cryed unto thee, and were delivered: * 1.15 they trusted in thee and were not confounded i 1.16.

6. But I am a Worm k 1.17 and no man; a re∣proach of men, and despised of the people l 1.18.

7. * 1.19 All they that see me, laugh me to scorn m 1.20: they † 1.21 shoot out the lip n 1.22, they shake the head o 1.23, saying p 1.24.

8. * 1.25 † 1.26 He trusted on the LORD q 1.27, that he would deliver him r 1.28, let him deliver him, ‖ seeing he delighted in him s 1.29.

9. But thou art he that took me out of the Womb t 1.30; thou ‖ 1.31 didst make me hope u 1.32 when I was upon my mothers breasts x 1.33.

10. * 1.34 I was cast upon thee y 1.35 from the Womb: thou art my God from my Mothers belly.

11. Be not far from me z 1.36, for trouble is near a 1.37; for there is † 1.38 none to help b 1.39.

12. Nany bulls c 1.40 have compassed me: strong bulls of Bashan d 1.41 have beset me round.

13. They † 1.42 gaped upon me with their mouths e 1.43, as a ravening and a roaring lyon.

14. I am poured out like waters f 1.44, and all my bones are ‖ 1.45 out of joynt g 1.46: my heart h 1.47 is like wax i 1.48; it is melted in the midst of my bo∣wels.

15. My strength is dryed like a potsherd k 1.49: and my tongue cleaveth to my jaws l 1.50; and thou hast brought me into the dust of death m 1.51.

16. For dogs n 1.52 have compassed me, the assem∣bly of the wicked o 1.53 have inclosed me, they pierced my hands and my feet p 1.54.

17. I may tell all my bones q 1.55: * 1.56 they look and stare upon me r 1.57.

18. They part my garments among them, and cast lots upon my vesture s 1.58.

19. But be not thou far from me, O LORD; O my strength hast thee to help me.

20. Deliver my soul from the sword t 1.59: † 1.60 * 1.61 my darling from the power x 1.62 of the dog.* 1.63

21. Save me from the lyons y 1.64 mouth, for thou hast heard me z 1.65, from the horns of the uni∣corns a 1.66.

22. * 1.67 I will declare b 1.68 thy name c 1.69 unto my bre∣thren: in the midst of the congregation e 1.70 will I praise thee.* 1.71

23. Ye that fear the LORD, praise him f 1.72; all ye the seed of Jacob glorify him; and fear him, all ye seed of Israel g 1.73.

24. For he hath not despised h 1.74, nor abhorred i 1.75 the affliction of the afflicted: neither hath he hid his face from him k 1.76, but * 1.77 when he cryed unto him, he heard.

25. * 1.78 My praise shall be of thee in the great congregation l 1.79: * 1.80 I will pay my vows m 1.81 before them that fear him.

26. The meek n 1.82 shall eat and be satisfied o 1.83: they shall praise the LORD that seek him p 1.84; * 1.85 your q 1.86 heart shall live r 1.87 for ever s 1.88.

27. * 1.89 All the ends of the world t 1.90 shall remem∣ber u 1.91 and turn unto the LORD x 1.92: and all the kindreds y 1.93 of the nations shall worship before thee.

28. For the kingdom is the LORDS, and he is the governor among the nations z 1.94.

29. All a 1.95 they that be fat upon the earth b 1.96, shall eat c 1.97 and worship d 1.98, all they that go down to the dust e 1.99, shall bow before him, and none can keep alive his own soul f 1.100.

30. A seed g 1.101 shall serve him, it shall be account∣ed to the LORD for a generation h 1.102.

31. They i shall come k 1.103, and shall declare his righteousness l 1.104 unto a people that shall be born m 1.105, that he hath done this n 1.106. * 1.107

Notes

• ‖ 1.1

  Or, the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the Morning.
• a 1.2

  Or the hind of the Morning. To note that the Person here designed was like an Hind, comely and meek and every way Lovely, but withal Persecuted by wicked men, as that often∣times is in the Morning, when she comes out of her lurk∣ing and Lodging place, and when the Hunters use to go a∣broad to their Work. Or this was the Title of some Mu∣sical instrument, or Tune, or Song, which was usually sung in the Morning.
• * 1.3

  Mat. 27. 4•…•…. Mark 15. 34.
• b 1.4

  Whom, notwithstanding thy forsaking me, I heartily Love, and in whom I trust, who art my Friend and Father, though now thou frownest upon me.
• * 1.5

  Psal. 31. 14.
• c 1.6

  The Repetition Notes, the depth of his distress which made him Cry so earnestly, and the struglings of his Faith, with his Fears and Sorrows.
• d 1.7

  (i. e.) Left me in the hands of Malicious men, withdrawn the Light of thy Countenance, and the supporn and Comforts of thy Spirit from me, and filled me with the Terrors of thy wrath, so that I am ready to sink under my Burden. This was in part verified in David, but much more fully in Christ, who applies these Words to himself, Mat. 27. 46.
• † 1.8

  Heb. from a•…•… Salvation.
• e 1.9

  (i. e.) From regarding, or Pitying, or Answering my strong Prayers, and lamentable Out-cries forced from me, by my intolerable Distresses and Miseries.
• † 1.10

  Heb. there is no silence 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• f 1.11

  (i. e.) I continue praying Day and Night without In∣termission. Or thus, I have no silence, (i. e.) No quietness or Rest, as this word signifies, Iudg. 18. 9. In which re∣spect also the Sea and Waves thereof are said to be silent, still (i. e.) and quiet, Psal. 107. 29. Mark 4. 39. And so this last Clause answers to and expounds the Former, Thou hearest me not, which is most usual in this Book.
• g 1.12

  (i. e.) Just and true in all thy ways, and therefore hear∣ing Prayers, and keeping thy Covenant, a true Lover of Holy∣ness, and of all holy Men. This he adds Either, 1. To aggra∣vate his Misery, that such a God should neglect and forsake him. Or rather, 2. To strengthen his Faith, and to enforce his Prayers, and prevail with God for the Honour of his holy Name, to hear and help him.
• g 1.13

  Either, 1. That dwellest in thy Tabernacle and Ark, which is called Israel's glory, 1 Sam. 4. 21. and the place where God was praised, Isa. 64. 11. Or 2. That receivest and rightly possessest the praises of Israel, whom thy People are perpetually praising for one Mercy or another; and therefore I trust, I also shall have occasion to praise thee. But because this Hebrew Verb when it is used Transitively, and is taken for inhabiting is generally, as far as I have observed. Construed with a Preposition, which here it is not, this Verse may seem to be better rendred thus, as it is by divers Learned men. B•…•… thou abidest, or preseverest, or Conti∣nuest to be (as this Verb is used, Psal. 9. 7. and 55. 19. and 102. 12.) Holy, (notwithstanding thy present neglect of my Prayers and M•…•…series) O the praises, Or, O thou who art the praises (Or, and the praises, (i. e.) the great Cause and Object of the praises) of Israel, (i. e.) whom Israel solemnly and usual∣ly praiseth, Deut. 10. 21. Ier. 17. 14.
• h 1.14

  This he adds for the Reasons mentioned in the first Note, v. 3.
• * 1.15

  Psal. 25. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 3. & 31. 1. Isa. 49. 23. Rom. 9. 3•…•….
• i 1.16

  (i. e.) Not disappointed of that for which they prayed and hoped.
• k 1.17

  Our Fathers were Honoured by thee and by others, be∣cause of thy appearance for their defence and deliverance, but I am treated like a Worm, (i. e.) Neglected and despi∣sed, both by thee who dost not afford me Help, and by the men of my Age and Nation, as it follows. For the Phrase see Iob. 25. 6. Isa. 41. 14.
• l 1.18

  Not only of the great Men, but also of the common People. Which doth not so truly agree to David (who, though he was hated and persecuted by Saul and his Courtiers, was Honoured and Beloved by the Body of the people) as to Christ, Comp. Isa. 53. 2, 3.
• * 1.19

  Mat. 27. 39.
• m 1.20

  Instead of Pitying or Helping, deride me and insult over me; such is their inhumanity.
• † 1.21

  Heb. 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• n 1.22

  They gape with their Mouths, and put forth their Tongues, in Mockery. See Iob 16. 10. Isa. 57. 4.
• o 1.23

  Another posture of Scoffers. See Iob 16. 4. Psal. 44. 14. Isa. 37. 22. This and the next Verse are applied to Christ, Mat. 27. 39, 43.
• p 1.24

  This Supplement is very usual, and here it is necessary, because the next Words are the Expressions of his insulting Enemies.
• * 1.25

  Mat. 17. 43.
• † 1.26

  •…•…eb. He rolled himself •…•…n the LORD.
• q 1.27

  He Rolled himself upon the Lord. Where they seem to Scoff not only at the thing, but at the Expression. Their Sence is, He pretended that he did wholly lean and rest himself, and cast his Cares upon God, and quietly and confidently com∣mit all his Affairs to his Providence, assuring himself of an happy Issue from him.
• r 1.28

  Or, without any Supplement, let him deliver him, as it follows, though the Hebrew words be dif∣fering. And so the same thing is twice repeated to shew both the Vehemency of their Hatred, and their Confidence of Success against him. They thought his Case desperate, and past all hope and Remedy.
• s 1.29

  As he useth to alledge and boast, but how vainly the Event now sheweth.
• t 1.30

  This is noted as an Effect of God's wonderful and gracious Providence. And although this be a Mercy which God grants to all mankind, yet it may well be alledged here, part∣ly in way of gratitude for this great, though common Mercy; nothing being more reasonable and usual than for David and other holy men to praise God for such Blessings; and partly as an Argument to encourage himself, to expect and to pre∣vail with God, to grant him the Deliverance which now he desires, because he hath formerly delivered him: This being a very common Argument, See 1 Sam. 17. 37. 2 Cor. 1. 10. But this is applicable to Christ in a singular manner, not, as a late learned Writer takes it, that God separated him from the Womb, but that God did bring him out (as the word properly signifies) of the Womb, to wit, immediately and by himself, and without the help of any Man, by the miraculous Opera∣tion of the Holy Ghost, which made him there, or else he could never have been brought thence,
• ‖ 1.31

  Or, if be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 him.
• u 1.32

  Or, Trust: (i. e.) Thou didst give me sufficient ground for Hope and Trust, if I had then been capable of acting that Grace, because of thy wonderful and watchful Care over me, in that weak and helpless State. Which was eminently true of Christ, whom God so miraculously preserved and provided for in his Infancy; the History whereof we read, Mat. 2. It is not strange that Hope is figuratively ascribed to Infants, seeing e∣ven the Brute-Creatures are said to Hope, Rom. 8. 20. and to wait and Cry to God, Psal. 145. 15. and 147. 9.
• x 1.33

  (i. e.) When I was a sucking Child. Which may be properly understood.
• * 1.34

  Psal. 71. 6.
• y 1.35

  I was like one forsaken by his Parents, and cast wholly up∣on thy Providence. I had no Father upon Earth; and my Mother was poor and helpless.
• z 1.36

  To wit, as to affection and succour.
• a 1.37

  At hand and ready to swallow me up. And therefore if thou dost not speedily deliver me it will be too late. Which is an Argument that David oft useth, as Psal. 6. 5. and 88. 11. &c.
• † 1.38

  Heb. n•…•…t a 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• b 1.39

  Thy help therefore will be the more seasonable, because it is most ne∣cessary, and thou wil•…•…st have the more of Glory by it, because it will appear that it is thy work alone.
• c 1.40

  Wicked and violent, and potent Enemies; for such are so called, Ezek. 39. 18. A•…•…os 4. 1.
• d 1.41

  (i. e.) Fat and Lusty, as the Cattel there bred were, Deut. 3. 13. and 32. 14. and therefore fierce and furious.
• † 1.42

  Heb. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 their 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a∣gainst me.
• e 1.43

  Partly to affright me, and principally to tear and devour me, as the following Metaphor explains it. Otherwise it might be understood of their Crying out with loud and earn∣est Voyces, that he might be Condemned and put to Death.
• f 1.44

  My Heart saileth, my Spirits are spent and gone like wa∣ter which once spilt can never be recovered, my very flesh is melted within me, and I am become as weak as Water. See the like Phrase Ios. 7, 5. and Compare •…•… Sam. 14. 14. Iob. 14. 11:
• ‖ 1.45

  Or, 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• g 1.46

  I am as weak and unable to move or help my self, and withal as full of Torment, as if I were upon a Rack, and all my bones were disjoynted. Or, all my bones are separated, one from another; as they were in some sort in Christ, by the stretching of his Body upon the Cross.
• h 1.47

  The seat of Life and fountain which supplies Spirits, and Vigour to the whole Body.
• i 1.48

  Melted, as it follows, through fear and overwhelm∣ing grief, Comp. Psal. 68. 2. and 97. 5.
• k 1.49

  I have in a manner no more Radical moisture left in me, than is in a dry potsheard.
• l 1.50

  Through that excessive thirst and drought. See Ioh. 19. 20.
• m 1.51

  Partly by thy Providence, delivering me into the power of mine Enemies, and partly by thy Terrors in my Mind and Soul.
• n 1.52

  So he calls his Enemies for their vileness and filthyness, for their insatiable, Greediness, and implacable sury and fierce∣ness against him.
• o 1.53

  He explains who he means by Dogs, even wicked men, who are oft so called, not some few of them singly, but the whole Company or Congregation of them; whereby may be noted, either their great Numbers, or their consulting and conspiring together, as it were in a lawful assembly. Which was most litterally and eminently fulfilled in Christ.
• p 1.54

  These words cannot with any probability be applied to David, nor to the attempts of his Enemies upon him; for their design was not to Torment his Hands, or Feet, but to take a•…•…ay his Life. And if it be pretended that it is to be understood of him in a Metaphorical Sence, it must be Considered, that it is so uncouth and unusual a Metaphor, that those who are of this Mind cannot produce any one example of this Meta∣phor, either in Scripture or in other Authors, nor are they able to make any tolerable Sence o•…•… it, but are forced to wrest and strain the Words. But what need is there of such for•…•…ed Metaphors, when this was most properly and literally ver•…•…fi∣ed in Christ, whose Hands and Feet were really pierced and nailed to the Cross, according to the manner of the Ro∣man Crucifixions, to whom therefore this is applied in the New Testament. See Mat. 27. 35. Mark 15. 24. Luk. 23. 33. Ioh. 19. 18. 23. 27.
• q 1.55

  Partly through my Leanness caused by excessive grief, which is much more Credible of Christ than of David; and partly by my being stretched out upon the Cross.
• * 1.56

  Ma•…•…. 15. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Joh. 19. 37.
• r 1.57

  To wit, with Delight and Complacency in my Calamities, as this Phrase is used, Psal. 35. 21. and 37. 34. and 54 7. and 59. 10. Obad. v. 12. Comp. Luk. 23. 35.
• s 1.58

  This also cannot be applied to David, without an uncouth and strained Metaphor, but was literally fulfilled in Christ, Mat. 27. 3•…•…. Ioh. 19. 24.
• t 1.59

  (i. e.) From the rage and violence of mine Enemies, as the next Clause explains it, and as the Sword is oft taken in Scripture. See Ier. 25. 16. 27. 29. Ezek. 38. 21.
• * 1.59.1

  † Heb. from the hand.
• † 1.60

  Heb. my only one.
• * 1.61

  Psal. 35. 17.
• x 1.62

  Heb. the hand: Which is oft put for Power, and in that Sence is ascribed to a Flame, Isa. 47. 14. and to Evil, Hab. 2. 9.
• * 1.63

  u Heb. My one, or only One; to wit, his Soul, as he now said: which he so calls, either because it was very dear to him: Or ra∣ther because it was left alone and destitute of Friends and Helpers; for so this word is used, Psal. 25. 16. and 35. 17.
• y 1.64

  Either the Devil, that raging and roaring Lyon; who did many ways assault and annoy him: Or on his Lyon-like Enemies.
• z 1.65

  (i. e.) Answered and delivered me.
• a 1.66

  A strong and fierce and untameable Wild beast: though the learned are not agreed about the kind of it. See of it, Deut. 33. 17. Iob 39. 9, 10▪ Psal. 92. 10. Isa. 34. 7. and my Latin Synopsis on Numb. 23. 22. For it is not worth while to trouble the unlearn∣ed Reader with such Disputes.
• * 1.67

  Heb. 2. 12.
• b 1.68

  (i. e) Publish or celebrate it, when thou hast delivered me, thou shalt have the Glory of it, as now thy Honour is e∣clipsed by my Calamities.
• c 1.69

  (i. e.) That power and faith∣fulness and goodness▪ and those Perfections which thou hast manifested on my behalf.
• e 1.70

  Not only privately but even in the publick Congregation.
• * 1.71

  d The same whom he calls the Congre∣gation in the next Clause, and the seed of Iacob and Israel in the next Verse. Which also doth not so fitly agree to David, who never to my remembrance gives this Title to any, but such as were near a-kin to him, as it doth to Christ, who extendeth this name to all his Disciples and Believers, Mat. 12. 48, 49. and 25. 40▪ and 28. 10. and to whom this very Text is ap∣plied. Heb. 2. 11, 12.
• f 1.72

  Partly for my sake, and chiefly for your own benefit re∣ceived by my Deliverance.
• g 1.73

  The two universal Particles seem to intimate that he speaks not only of the Carnal, but al∣so of the spiritual Seed: which also is more than probable, by Comparing this with v. 27, 28.
• h 1.74

  I was despised by the People, v. 6. but not by God.
• i 1.75

  (i. e.) He did not turn away his Face from it, as men do from things which they abhor, but looked upon it with Com∣passion.
• k 1.76

  To wit, for ever: for he did so for a time: But now, saith he, he hath lift up upon me the Light of his Coun∣tenance.
• * 1.77

  Heb. 5. 7.
• * 1.78

  Psal. 35. 18.
• l 1.79

  Either in the general assemblies of the Israelites, at their solemn Feasts: Or in the universal Church, made up of Iews and Gentiles, as the following Verses explain it.
• * 1.80

  Psal. 50. 14.
• m 1.81

  (i. e.) Those Praises and Services, which in my distress, I vowed to return unto thee, when thou didst deliver me.
• n 1.82

  (i. e.) Faithful or Godly Persons, who are frequently called meek ones, as Psal. 25. 9. and 76. 9. and 149. 4. Isa. 11. 4. and 61. 1. Zeph. 2. 3. because the grace of God doth soften and sweeten the Hearts of Sinners, and subdues their Pride and passion, and Rebellion against God, and their fierce∣ness towards men. Or the Power, as this word is oft ren∣dred; which seems well to suit this place, Partly, because these are opposed to the fa•…•… ones upon Earth, v. 29. Partly, because the following Eating and Satisfaction may seem most proper and acceptable to such as were in want: Partly, be∣cause here is an allusion to the legal Feasts, made of the re∣mainders of the Sacrifices, in which the poor had a share▪ and Partly, because this well agrees to the time of Christ's coming, when the Body of the Jewish Nation were a poor and afflicted people, and the Poor especially did receive the Gospel, Mat. 11. 5.
• o 1.83

  Which is mentioned as a great Blessing, Io•…•…l 2. 26. as it is threatned as a grievous Curse that men should Eat and not be satisfied, Levit. 26. 26. Mich. 6. 14. But because it was Comparatively a poor and mean thing to have ones Belly filled and satisfied, with that food which perisheth and passeth away presently after it is received, this magnificent promise is doubtless to be understood, spiritually of those spiritual Blessings, that Grace and Peace, and Comfort and full Satisfaction, which all believing and pious Souls have in the Sence of God's Love, and the pardon of their Sins, and in the influences of God's Spirit into their Souls.
• p 1.84

  That seek his Favour: Or that enquire after him, and Labour to know and discern him. Wherein possibly the Spirit of God may intimate to us, the necessity of seeking, and the Difficulty of finding or discovering God, when he shall appear in the Flesh and in the form of a Servant; which was likely to hide him from the Eyes of the Carnal, and Care∣less Jews, and not to be discerned, but by those that were studious and inquisitive concerning the mind of God revealed in the Scriptures, concerning that matter.
• * 1.85

  Psal. 69. 32.
• q 1.86

  (i. e.) Their: For he speaks of the same Persons still, though there be a change from the third to the second Person, as is usual in those poetical and prophetical Books of Scripture.
• r 1.87

  (i. e.) Shall be greatly Refreshed and Comforted, Life being oft put for an Happy and Comfortable Life, as 1 Kings 1. 25. Psal. 34. 12. in which respect Iacobs Heart or Spirit is said to have revived, Gen. 45. 27. as on the contrary Nabals Heart was said to have died within him, 1 Sam. 25. 37. when it was oppressed with great sadness.
• s 1.88

  Your Comfort shall not be short and Transitory, as worldly Comforts are, but everlasting.
• * 1.89

  Psal. 2. 8. & 72. 11. & 86. 9.
• t 1.90

  (i. e.) All Nations from one end of the World to the other. So this is an evident Prophecy of the calling of the Gentiles to the knowledge of God and Christ by the Gospel, and Consequently a clear Proof, that this Psalm doth directly and immediately speak of Christ; to whom alone, and not to David, this and divers other passages of it, do manifestly be∣long.
• u 1.91

  It is not particularly expressed, what they should remember, because there were several things, that should and would be remembred by them; which were likely to occasion their turning to the Lord. They shall remember their for∣mer and manifold Wickedness, with Grief and Shame, and Fear, and particularly their sin and folly, in worshipping dead and impotent Idols, that never did nor could do them, either good or hurt. They shall remember that God who did make lively Impressions upon their Minds, which yet they had in great measure blotted out and forgotten, but now by the preaching of the Gospel they shall be revived. They shall re∣member their great and manifold Obligations to God, which they had quite forgotten, his Patience and Goodness in sparing them so long, in the midst of all their Imp•…•…eties, and in re∣vealing his Gospel to them, and giving his Son for them. They shall remember the gracious Words and glorious Works of Christ, and what he did, and suffered for them; which possi∣bly divers of them had been Eye-and-Ear witnesses of in Iudea (although, with the unbelieving Iews, they despised and mis∣construed them,) and others had heard the fame, and tydings of them.
• x 1.92

  Unto the only true God, and unto Jesus Christ, to whom this Name of Iehovah is oft times ascribed in Scrip∣ture.
• y 1.93

  Heb. all the Families. Which is not to be understood strictly, of every particular Person and Family, but of all sorts, and of great numbers of them; as such universal Phra∣ses are very frequently taken in Scripture.
• z 1.94

  This is added as a Reason, why the Gentiles should be converted, because God is not only the God and Lord of the Iews, but also of the Gentiles, and of all Nations, Rom. 3. 29, 30. And therefore though for a time he thought fit to confine his Kingdom to Israel, yet he had resolved in due time to enlarge his Kingdom, and to set up his Throne and Government in the Gentile World, which were no less Created and Redeemed by him, than the Iews. Campare Zech. 13. 2. and 14. 9.
• a 1.95

  1. Many of them, as the word all is oft used, as Psal. 72. 11. Mat. 3. 5. and 17. 11. Luk. 6. 26. Ioh. 3. 26. 2 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 3. •…•….
• b 1.96

  (i. e.) Kings and Princes, and the great Men of the World, who are oft described by this Metaphor, as Psal. 78. 31. Isa. 10. 16. Compare Iob 15. 27. Psal. 17. 10. and 73. 7. Whose Conversion to Christ is also foretold in other pla∣ces, as Psal. 45. 12. and 72. 10, 11. Isa. 60. 3. 5. 10. 1 Tim. 2. 1, 2. Revel. 21. 24. These are opposed to the poor and miserable part of the World, of whom he speaks in the next Words, as also v. 26. where see the first note. So the Sence of the place is, That both poor and rich should embrace the Gospel. But the Syriack Interpreter renders these Words otherwise, the hungry of the Earth. And another, to the same purpose, those that are turned to Ashes (for which I should ra∣ther say, they that lye down in Ashes, which is an usual De∣scription of poor, afflicted, and humbled Persons) on the ground. For the first Hebrew word, rendred •…•…t, with the change, but of one point, signifies Ashes.
• c 1.97

  And be satisfi∣ed, as it was more fully expressed, v. 26. shall feed upon the bread of Life, Christ and all his benefits.
• d 1.98

  This is added to explain the former Word, and to shew what kind of Eating he spoke of, not of a Carnal, but of a spiritual Feast.
• e 1.99

  They that languish and draw •…•…igh to Death, through Poverty or Misery, or anguish of Mind and Conscience: For such are oft said to go down into, or to sit in the D•…•…st, as Iob. 30. 19. Psal. 44. 25. and 113. 7. Isa. 29. 4. and 47. 1. These may be opposed to the •…•…at ones mentioned in the first Clause of the Verse.
• f 1.100

  This may seem to be a further Description of the same Persons, and an aggravation of their miserable Conditi∣on, from this Circumstance that it was not in their Power to help themselves, their Soul was going down to the Dust, as he said in the last foregoing Clause, and now he adds that none of them could stop it, or keep himself alive; so that their Case was wholly desperate as to themselves; and this drove them out of themselves, to seek relief from God, and to receive Jesus Christ and the Gospel of Salvation gladly. Heb. and he who (the Pronoun Relative being here under∣stood, as it is in very many places) doth not, or cannot quick∣e•…•…▪ or enliven his own Soul, (i. e.) himself, as the Soul is oft taken. And quickening may be put either for Nourishing, as Isa. 7. 21. or for Comforting, as here v. 26. or preserving Life, whether Temporal or Spiritual, and Eternal, as Gen. 19. 19. Ezek. 13. 19. and 18. 2•…•…. But these words are and may be rendred otherwise, and that very agreeably to the Hebrew Text, and the Scope of the place. Having said that all Nati∣ons should bow before him, (i. e.) before Christ and unto Christ, whom they should own as their Lord and Sa∣viour, he now adds these Words, Either 1. As a Reason why they did receive him, or believe in him, because (for so the Particle Vau is frequently rendred, as 1 Kings 1. 21. and 18. 3, 4. Psal. 60. 12. Isa. 16. 2. and 64. 5. and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 elsewhere) he did not keep alive his own Soul, as he could easily have done, by his divine Power in spight of all that his Enemies could do, but freely gave himself to Death for them. Because he laid down his Life for sinners, which the father had Commanded him, and he had promised to do, therefore God loved him, Ioh. 10. 17, 18. and glorified him, and performed his Pro∣mise made to him upon that Condition, that if he did make his Soul an offering for sin, he should see his seed, &c. Isa. 53. 10. Or, 2. As an Amplification or Commendation of the Faith of the Gentiles, in coming and bowing to Christ, although (for so also the Hebrew Vau is oft used, as Psal. 99. 8. Prov. 26. 24. Eccles. 9. 16.) •…•…e did not keep alive his own Soul, but laid down his own Life, and suffered himself to be killed by wicked men: Which was one principal Reason, why the Iews would not believe on him, as is noted, Mat. 27. 40. 42, 43. and therefore was a just Commendation to the Gentiles, that notwithstanding this great stumbling Block believed on him. But this I propose with Submission. Only it may be observed that this last Clause of the Verse in the Hebrew, is in the singular number, and therefore more likely to belong to him, immediately going before it, which is of the same number, than to the other preceding Clauses, which are all expressed in the plural number. And though I know Enallage of numbers, be very usual, yet they are not to be supposed without necessity.
• g 1.101

  Christ shall not want a seed or posterity, Heb. 2. 13. For though the Jewish Nation should generally reject and forsake him, which may seem to be here implied. Christ shall have many Disciples or followers, and the Gentiles shall come in their stead. Compare this promise with that, he shall see his Seed, Isa. 53. 10. Or, their Seed, (i. e.) The seed of the Gentile Worshippers last mentioned. Christian Religion shall not be the business of one Age, but, as the Gentiles shall believe in Christ, so shall their posterity in▪ succeeding Generations: this being Gods usual Method, to take Children into Covenant with their Parents, of which see, Deut. 10. 15. and 30. 19. Psal. 69. 36. Isa. 43. 5. and 44. 3. And as when the Iews re∣fused Christ, their Children were cast out of Covenant with them▪ so when the Gentiles embraced the Gospel-Covenant, their Children were admitted with them.
• h 1.102

  That believing seed shall be Reputed, both by God and Men; The Generation, Or Children, or People of the Lord, at the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 formerly were▪ •…•…ut upon the Iews Contempt of Christ and the Gospel, the Gentiles shall come in their 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 their Titles and Priviledges. Compare this place with Psal. 87. 5.
• k 1.103

  To wit, from Iudea and Ierusalem (from whence the Gospel was first to go forth) to the Gentile World, to the several parts where∣of the Apostles went upon this Errand.
• l 1.104

  God's Righteousness ▪ Either, 1. His wonderful grace and mercy to mankind, in giving them Christ and the Gospel: for Righteousness is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 put for Mercy or Kindness, as hath been noted again and again. Or, 2. That Righteousness which God hath appointed for the justification of Sinners, called the Righteousness of 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ Rom. 3. 21. 22▪ Philip. 3. 9. which the Iews were ignorant of and would not submit to, Rom. 10. 3. but the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 joyfully embraced, or 3. His truth or faithfulness, (which is very fre∣quently, and fi•…•…ly called Righteousness▪) in the performance of those exceeding great and precious Promises made, and recorded in the Ol•…•… Test•…•…ment, and especially those two, con∣cerning the sending of the Messi•…•…s, and concerning the call∣ing of the Gentiles.
• m 1.105

  Either, 1. Spiritually, (i. e.) Born again: for Regeneration is oft called a Birth, as Psal. 87. 4, 5. Ioh. 1. 13. 1 P•…•…t. 1. 23. and a Creation, Psal. 102. 18. Or rather, 2▪ Naturally, (i. e.) Unto succeeding Generations▪ Whereby David gives us a Key to understand this Psalm▪ and •…•…cheth us that he speaks not here of himself, or of the Oc∣currences of his times, but of things which were to be done in after-Ages, even of the spreading of the Gospel among the Gentiles, in the time of the New Testament.
• n 1.106

  (i. e.) They shall declare that this is the work of God, and not of Man, and carried on by his only power in the World, against all the Wit and force of Men. Or rather, because (this be∣ing added as a Proof or Demonstration of that Righteousness of God now mentioned) He (i. e. the Lord plainly understood here, and expressed in the foregoing Verse) hath 〈◊〉〈◊〉 o•…•… wrought it, to wit, his Righteousness. (i. e.) He hath execu∣ted with his Hand, what he spake with his Mouth; he hath demonstrated the truth of his Promises by his Actions, and by the Accomplishment of them.
• * 1.107

  1. Either, the Converts and Worshippers, v. 27. 29. Or their seed last mentioned, v. 30. Or this may be indefinitely spoken as such Verbs are oft used▪ they shall come, (i. e.) Some or other shall come and do the Work here mentioned, to wi•…•…, the Apostles and Ministers of the Gospel.