Annotations upon the Holy Bible. Vol. I wherein the sacred text is inserted, and various readings annex'd, together with parallel scriptures, the more difficult terms in each verse are explained, seeming contradictions reconciled, questions and doubts resolved, and the whole text opened / by the late reverend and learned divine Mr. Matthew Poole.

PSAL. X.

The ARGUMENT.

This Psalm contains David's Complaint unto God against his malicious Enemies, especially those of his own People, whose wicked and deceitful Practi∣ses he here describes, and then commits his Cause to God, and beggs his help against them.

1. WHY standest thou a•…•…ar off a 1.1, O LORD? why hidest thou thy self b 1.2 † 1.3 in times of trouble c 1.4?

2. † 1.5 The wicked in his pride d 1.6 doth perse∣cute e 1.7 the poor f 1.8: * 1.9 let them be taken in the de∣vices that they have imagined.

3. For the wicked boasteth g 1.10 of his † 1.11 hearts desire h 1.12, and * 1.13 ‖ 1.14 blesseth the covetous i 1.15, whom the LORD abhorreth k 1.16.

4. The wicked, through the pride l 1.17 of his countenance m 1.18, will not seek after God n 1.19: ‖ 1.20 God is not in all his * 1.21 thoughts o 1.22.

5. His ways are alwayes grievous p 1.23: * 1.24 thy judgments q 1.25 are far above out of his sight r 1.26: as for all his enemies, he puffeth at them s.

6. He hath said in his heart t 1.27, I shall not be moved u 1.28: for I shall † 1.29 never be in adversity x 1.30.

7. * 1.31 His mouth is full of cursing y 1.32, and † 1.33 de∣ceit and fraud z 1.34: under his tongue a 1.35 is mischief and ‖ 1.36 vanity b 1.37.

8. He sitteth in the lurking places of the vil∣lages c 1.38, * 1.39 in the secret places d 1.40 doth he murder the innocent: his eyes † 1.41 are privily set e 1.42 against the poor.

9. He lieth in wait † 1.43 secretly as a lion in his den f 1.44: he lieth in wait to catch the poor: he doth catch g 1.45 the poor when he draweth him h 1.46 into his net.

10. † 1.47 He croucheth, and humbleth himself i 1.48, that the poor may fall k 1.49 ‖ 1.50 by his strong ones l 1.51.

11. He hath said in his heart, God hath for∣gotten m 1.52: * 1.53 he hideth his face n 1.54, he will never see it o 1.55.

12. Arise, O LORD, O God, lift up thine hand p 1.56: forget not q 1.57 the ‖ 1.58 humble.

13. Wherefore doth the wicked contemn God r 1.59? he hath said in his heart, thou wilt not require it.

14. Thou hast seen it s 1.60, for t 1.61, thou beholdest u 1.62 mischief and spite x 1.63, to requite it with thy hand y 1.64: the poor † 1.65 committeth himself z 1.66 unto thee, thou art the helper of the fatherless a 1.67.

15. Break thou b 1.68 the arm c 1.69 of the wicked, and the evil man: * 1.70 seek out his wickedness d 1.71 till thou find none e.

16. * 1.72 The LORD is king f 1.73 for ever and ever g 1.74: the heathen h 1.75 are perished out of his land i 1.76.

17. LORD, thou hast heard the desire of the humble k 1.77: thou wilt ‖ 1.78 prepare l 1.79 their heart, thou wilt † 1.80 cause thine ear to hear m 1.81:

18. To judg n 1.82 the fatherless and the oppres∣sed, that the man of the earth o 1.83 may no more ‖ 1.84 oppress p 1.85.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Like one that neither sees nor hears, nor regards me, nor intendest any help for me.
• b 1.2

  Or, thy face, out of v. 11. which did sometimes shine upon me: Or, thine, eyes, by com∣paring this with Prov. 28. 27. Isa. 1. 15.
• † 1.3

  Heb. at 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ sons in trouble. So Gr.
• c 1.4

  When I most need thy Pity and Succour. Do not add Affliction to the Afflicted.
• † 1.5

  Heb. in the pride of the wicked he doth persecute.
• d 1.6

  Through pride of Heart; which makes him forget God, v. 4. and despise the Poor, and oppress others, either because they oppose or dislike his wicked Courses, or that he may have more Fewel for his Pride or Ambition. Or, in his Exaltation. This is the use that he makes of that power and Authority to which thou hast advanced him, to persecute those whom he should protect and cherish. He seems to point at Saul or his Courtiers.
• e 1.7

  With great fervency and burning Fury, as the word signifies.
• f 1.8

  To wit, me who am through their Tyranny poor and destitute, and miserable, and therefore the more pro∣per Object for thy Compassion, and others who favour my righteous Cause.
• * 1.9

  Psal. 7. 16. & 9. 15, 16. Prov. 5. 22.
• g 1.10

  Or, glori•…•…th, or praiseth, or pleaset•…•… himself.
• † 1.11

  Heb. S•…•…ls.
• h 1.12

  Or, in, or concerning, or because of the desire, or concupiscence, or l•…•…st of his heart, or soul; which word is added to note the vehemency and •…•…ervency of it. He glorieth in his very Lusts, which are his Shame, Phil. 3. 19. and especially in the satisfaction of his de∣sires how wickedly soever he gets i•…•…. Desire is oft put for the thing desired, as Psal. 21. 2. and 78. 29, 30.
• * 1.13

  Prov. 28. 4. Rom. 1. 32.
• ‖ 1.14

  Or, the cove∣tous blesseth himself, he ab∣horreth the LORD.
• i 1.15

  And as he ap∣plaudeth himself, so he commends others that are greedy af∣ter, and get abundance of Gain, though it be done by Fraud and Violence, accounting such the onely happy Men. Or, the covetous (the same with the wicked enlarging his desire, as was now said) blesseth, or applaudeth, or flattereth himself in what he hath already gotten, and in the confident expectation of the continuance and increase of his worldly Wealth and Glory.
• k 1.16

  So his judgment as well as practice is contrary to God's. Or, rather without any Supplement, as it is in the Margent, He abhorreth, or despiseth, or provoketh the Lord. He sets himself not only against Men but against God himself, as he declareth more fully in the next Vers•…•…▪
• l 1.17

  By which he scorns to stoop to God, or to own any Supe∣rior, and makes himself and his own Lusts his only Rule, and his last end, and is full of self-confidence, and a conceit of his own self-sufficiency and unchangeable Felicity, as is noted v. 6.
• m 1.18

  So called, because though Pride be properly seated in the Heart; whence it is called Pride, or loftiness of Heart, or Spirit, as Psal. 131, 1. Prov. 16. 18. Eccles. 7. 8. &c. Yet it is manifested in the Countenance, and therefore is oft describ∣ed by lofty Looks, as Psal. 101. 5. and 131. 1. Prov. 6. 17. and 21. 4. and 30. 13. &c. Which possibly was done pur∣posely to meet with the Excuses of proud Persons, who when they are charged with pride for their looks or gestures, or ap∣parel, or the like, use to make this Apology for themselves; that pride lies in the Heart and not in these outward things.
• n 1.19

  (i. e.) Not seek, or enquire into the Mind and Will of God, to order his Life by it so as to please God, nor seek to him by Prayer for his Favour and Blessing. But the words after God, are not in the Hebrew, and it is thought by some too great Bold∣ness to add them here. And therefore others omit it and ren∣der the Hebrew words, will not search, or consider, to wit▪ his Actions, which seems to be a more natural and easiy Supple∣ment: he will not trouble himself to enquire whether his Acti∣ons be just or unjust, pleasing or offensive to God, but with∣out any care or consideration rusheth into Sin, and doth what∣soever seemeth right in his own Eyes. But these and the for∣mer words are and may be, and that very agreeably to the He∣brew, thus rendered without any Supplement, The wicked through his pride (for so this Hebrew word by it self signifies, 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 5. 16. and 10. 33.) will not seek his (i. e. Gods, which is plain both from the foregoing and following words▪ face, which is an usual phrase in Scripture, as 2. Chron. 7. 14. Psal. 24▪ 6. and 27. 8. and 105. 4. &c.
• ‖ 1.20

  Or, all his thoughts are▪ There is no God.
• * 1.21

  Psal. 14. 1. & 53. 1▪
• o 1.22

  He hath no serious thoughts of, not regard unto God or his word, which ought to command him, or his Threats and Judgments, which should keep him in awe. Or, all his thoughts are there is no God, to wit, no such God as minds the Affairs of the World, and the Actions of Men, and punisheth Sinners. He was a Deist and owned a God, at least in words, but denied his Providence.
• p 1.23

  His whole course and carriage is vexatious to all that are within his reach, but especially to the poor who cannot right themselves, and to just and good Men, whom he hateth and persecuteth. Or, His ways, (i. e.) his designs and enterpri∣zes, at all times are prosperous, or successful, or do bring forth: for this Verb signifies as the pains and trouble, so also the suc∣cess and comfort, of child-bearing, or the bringing forth Children, as Psal. 20. 9. Isa. 54. 1. Ier. 4. 31. And the ac∣complishment or disappointment of designs is frequently ex∣pressed by this Metaphor: of which see 2. Kings 19. 3. Psal▪ 7. 14. Isa. 59. 4. &c. And this sence seems best to suit with the Context.
• * 1.24

  Prov. 24. 7.
• q 1.25

  Either 1. Thy Laws, which are oft called Iudgments. Or rather, thy Threatnings denounced against, and Punishments inflicted upon Sinners.
• r 1.26

  Either 1. He doth not feel them, thou removest them far from him: which in∣dulgence of thine is the cause of his insolency. Or rather 2. He doth not discern nor regard, nor fear them, nor think of them, but goes on securely and resolvedly in his wicked cour∣ses. He hath not so much Faith nor Reason as to apprehend or consider them, but like a brute-Beast looks onely downward to the Earth, and minds not things above him. And thus it seems best to agree with the foregoing and following Clauses. His Devices succeed, and therefore he neither fears God's Judg∣ments nor the power of his Enemies, but fancies his Happi∣ness to be unchangeable, as it follows, v. 6. (i. e.) He de∣spiseth them, being confident that he can blow them away with a Breath. This is a Gesture of contempt or disdain both in Scripture, as Psal. 12. 5. Mal. 1. 13. and in other Authors, as in Plautus; where one speaks thus to a proud and bragging Cap∣tain, Thou hast blown away whole Legions with thy Breath, as Leaves are blown away by a wind.
• t 1.27

  He thinketh or perswadeth himself.
• u 1.28

  Or, removed, to wit, from my place and happy state.
• † 1.29

  Heb. unto ge∣neration and ge∣neration.
• x 1.30

  Or, because I am not in adversity, therefore I never shall be in it. His present prospe∣rity makes him secure for the future. Comp. Revel. 18. 7. Or, yea (for this particle sometimes hath no other signification or use, but onely to amplify or aggravate, as it is also taken 1. Sam. 15, 20▪ & 24. 11.) I shall never be in evil. So the sence of the place is, I shall not onely be kept from total ruin or a removal from my place and estate, but I shall not meet with the least cross or trouble. For this evil is not the evil of Sin, as some here understand it, in which he knew that he was, and was resolved ever to continue, but the evil of Punishment, which was the only thing that he feared or regarded.
• * 1.31

  Rom. 3. 1•…•….
• y 1.32

  Either 1. Of Oaths and Blasphemies against God. Or 2. Of reviling and execration of other men, especially those that are good; or those that stand in his way and hinder his wick∣ed designs. Or rather 3. Of Oaths and Imprecations against himself, of which this word is used Numb. 5. 21. Deut. 29. 12, 21. Neh. 10. 29. By which he indeavours to gain Credit, and to make his Neighbours secure, and so to make way for the de∣ceit and fraud which here follows. For this wretched Man is represented both here, and in the succeeding Verses, as one that doth not act with open Violence and Hostility, but with subtil and secret Artifices, using all cunning Insinuations, and Flatteries, and Lies, and among others, Oaths, of which an atheistical Politician said, that Men were to be deceived with oaths, and Children with Rattles or Toyes.
• † 1.33

  Heb. 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• z 1.34

  Two words sig∣nifying the same thing, to note the greatness and frequency of his Deceits. Or one word may signify the deceit lurking in his heart, and the other the manifestation of it in external Frauds and Stratagems.
• a 1.35

  Either 1. In his Heart, which is under the Tongue. Or rather 2. Under his fair and plausible Speeches, the Mischief here following is hid and covered. Withal he seems to allude to Serpents whose poison lies hidden under their Tongue, or within their Teeth.
• ‖ 1.36

  Or, 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• b 1.37

  Or rather iniquity, as this word is oft rendered, or injury, the vexation or oppression of other men, which he covers with these fair pretences.
• c 1.38

  Not within the Villages, which is not a fit place for lurk∣ing, but about them, in the ways bordering upon them or lead∣ing to them, as Robbers use to do.
• * 1.39

  Heb. 3. 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• d 1.40

  That he may avoid the shame and punishment of Men; which is the onely thing that he fears.
• † 1.41

  Heb. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• e 1.42

  Heb. Are hid. The sence is either 1. He winketh as men do when they shoot their Arrows at a mark. Or rather 2. He watcheth and looketh out of his lurking-place, to spy what passengers come that way. He alludes still to the practi∣ces of Robbers.
• † 1.43

  Heb. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 secret places.
• f 1.44

  Where he lurks and waits for prey.
• g 1.45

  Or snatch, or seize upon, to wit, with violence, and to devour or destroy him.
• h 1.46

  Or, by drawing him: or, after he hath drawn him. He layeth Snares for him, and when he takes him, tears him in pieces:
• † 1.47

  Heb. be break∣eth 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• i 1.48

  Like a Lion (for he continues the same Metaphor) which gathereth himself together and lies close upon the ground, part∣ly that he may not be discovered, and partly that he may more suddenly, and surely, and fiercely lay hold upon his prey. But for this Translation, because this and is not in the Hebrew, and there is another and there prefixed to the first Verb; some joyn that first Verb to the end of the tenth Verse, and render the place thus, He catcheth the poor by drawing him into his net, and breaks him to pieces, as that Verb properly signifies. So there is only a defect of the pronoun, which is most fre∣quent. And this makes the Sence compleat, which otherwise would be imperfect in that verse, and sheweth us what he doth with his prey when he hath taken it. And this 10th. verse begins very well with the next Verb, He humbleth himself: Or, He stoops, or bends himself.
• k 1.49

  Or, that he may fall (for this Verb is sometimes taken actively, as Ios. 11. 7. Iob 1. 15.) upon the poor. That having first couched and lay'n down, and then of a sudden rising, he may leap and fall upon his prey, like a Lion.
• ‖ 1.50

  Or, into his strong parts.
• l 1.51

  (i. e.) By his strong members, his teeth or paws. So it is an Ellipsis of the noun Substantive; whereof we have examples, as 2. Sam. 21. 16. new for a new sword: and Psal. 73. 10. full for a full Cap: and Mat. 10. 42. cold for cold Water.
• m 1.52

  To wit, the poor v. 10. or the humble, which we are taught to supply out of v. 12. where he saith, forget not the humble. He forgets and neglects all their Oppressions and Prayers, and doth not avenge their cause, as he hath said he would do, nor exe∣cute Judgments upon their Oppressors, as he hath sometimes done or been thought to do.
• * 1.53

  Joh. 2•…•…. 13. Psal. 94. 7. & 64. •…•…▪
• n 1.54

  Left he should see. He takes no notice of their Sufferings lest he should be engaged to help them. He will not encumber himself with the care of things done upon Earth, but leaves it wholy to men to manage their Affairs as they think fit.
• o 1.55

  To wit, the oppression of the poor, or the design of oppressors against them, which is the chief subject of the whole Psalm, and is particularly expressed v. 10.
• p 1.56

  To rescue the poor, and to smite their Oppressors with an hand stretched out and lifted up, that the blow may be the greater. Comp. Exod. 7. 5. Isa. 5. 25. and 9. 12. &c.
• q 1.57

  Shew by thy appearance for their Vindication, that thou dost re∣member and regard them.
• ‖ 1.58

  Or, afflicted.
• r 1.59

  The sence is either 1. What is the cause of his contempt of God? To which question the next words give an answer, Thy connivence makes him secure. Therefore shew thyself. Or 2. Why dost thou by giving them impunity suffer, and occa∣sion them to despise thee? Do so no longer. Which tacit de∣sire he inforceth by representing their atheistical denial of Gods providence.
• s 1.60

  Or, but thou hast seen it, and therefore they are horribly mistaken, as they will find to their cost.
• t 1.61

  Or, surely, as this particle is oft used, as Iob 8. 6. Psal. 73. 18.
• u 1.62

  Not as an idle Spectator, but with an eye of observation and vindication, as it follows.
• x 1.63

  (i. e.) All the injurious and spiteful, or malicious carriages of wicked men towards those who are more righte∣ous than they.
• y 1.64

  Heb. to give (i. e. to restore or repay, the simple verb for the compound; which is usual in the Hebrew tongue) it (to wit, the mischief which they have done to o∣thers) with thy hand, (i. e.) by thy own immediate and ex∣traordinary providence, because the oppressed were destitute of all other succours. Or, to put (giving being oft used for putting, as hath been observed before) it in or into thy hand, that thou mayest have it always in thine Eye, and under thy care and consideration, as the like phrase is evidently used Isa. 49. 16. Therefore thou dost not, and canst not forget it, but wilst certainly require it.
• † 1.65

  Heb. leaveth.
• z 1.66

  Or, his matters or cause, (i. e.) The care of his person and righteous cause. Heb. he leaveth. Which word is used for committing to the trust of another, Gen. 39. 6. Iob 39. 14. Isa. 10. 3:
• a 1.67

  (i. e.) Of such poor oppressed ones as have no friend nor helper, one kind of them being put for all the rest.
• b 1.68

  Or, Thou wilst break. For it may be either a prayer or a prophecy.
• c 1.69

  (i. e.) His strength, the instrument of vio∣lence and mischief.
• * 1.70

  •…•…al. •…•…. 9. & 3•…•…. 17.
• d 1.71

  Search for it so strictly and punish these wicked Atheists so severely. (i. e.) No such wickedness, to wit, undiscovered and unpunished, or indeed left in the world, or at least, in the Church. Which might happen because those wicked men here spoken of should be generally either convin∣ced or rooted out, and the rest should be warned and reformed by their Example, and so this lewdness should cease out of the land, as the phrase is Ezek. 23. 48. That is said to be sought for and not found, which is utterly lost, as Iob 20. 7, 8. Psal. 37. 36. Revel. 16. 20. and 18. 21. And this phrase is used both of good men, whose sins are taken away by God's grace and mercy, pardoning and purging them away, and of wicked men in the sence above mentioned.
• * 1.72

  Psal. 29. 10. & 145. 13. & 146. 10. Jer. 10. 10. •…•…am 5. 19. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. 4. 34. & 6. 26. 1. Tim. 1. 17.
• f 1.73

  To whom it belongs to protect his Subjects. Therefore thou wilst save the humble and punish the oppressors.
• g 1.74

  There∣fore his peoples case is never desperate, seeing he ever lives and reigns to help them, and therefore he will help them in his time sooner or later.
• h 1.75

  Either 1. Those implous Israelites who oppressed David and other good men, whom, although they were reputed Israelites by themselves and others, yet he might call them heathens for their heathenish opinions of God and his providence, and for their ungodly and unrighteous lives. Comp. Isa. 1. 9. Amos 9. 7. Or 2. The Canaanites, whom God as King of the world, did expel or destroy, and gave their land to his people. By which great example he confirms his faith and hope for the future.
• i 1.76

  (i. e.) Out of Canaan, which God calls his land, Levit. 25. 23. because he spied it out for them, Ezek. 20. 6. and gave it to them, and fixed his presence and dwelling in it.
• k 1.77

  And therefore wilst still do it, being unchangeable and the same for ever.
• ‖ 1.78

  Or, •…•…∣eth.
• l 1.79

  Or, direct or fit, by thy grace and good spi∣rit, either that they may so pray as thou wilst hear: or that they may be made fit to receive the mercies which they desire: which when they are, they shall have their prayers heard. Or, thou wilst confirm, or stablish (as this verb is oft used) their heart, to bear their present pressures, and to wait upon and hope, and trust in thee for deliverance, until thou seest fit to hear and help them.
• † 1.80

  Heb. make thine ears at∣tentive.
• m 1.81

  In due time, though for a season thou seemest to turn a deaf ear to them. But this and the foregoing verb may be taken as a prayer, future verbs being oft used impera∣tively. Prepare or stablish their hearts (by giving them support and assurance of help in the time of need, and then) cause thine ear to hear.
• n 1.82

  (i. e.) To defend them, and give sentence for them, and against their Enemies, as this word is used, Deut. 32. 36. Psal. 7. 8. and 135. 14.
• o 1.83

  (i. e.) Earthly and mortal men, who are made of the dust and must return to it, such as the oppres∣sors of thy people are; who yet presume most audaciously and madly to contend with thee their Maker and Judge. There∣fore it is time for thee to repress such insolency, and to shew how unable they are to stand before thee.
• ‖ 1.84

  Or, terrify.
• p 1.85

  To wit, the fa∣therless, last mentioned.