Annotations upon the Holy Bible. Vol. I wherein the sacred text is inserted, and various readings annex'd, together with parallel scriptures, the more difficult terms in each verse are explained, seeming contradictions reconciled, questions and doubts resolved, and the whole text opened / by the late reverend and learned divine Mr. Matthew Poole.

CHAP. XX.

1 AND Abraham journyed from thence a 1.1 to∣wards the south countrey b 1.2, and dwelt between Cadesh and Shur, and sojourned in Gerar.

2 And Abraham said of Sarah his wife, * 1.3 she is my sister c 1.4: and Abimelech King of Gerar sent and took Sarah d 1.5.

3 But God * 1.6 came to Abimelech in a dream e 1.7 by night and said to him, Behold, thou art but a dead man * 1.8, for the woman which chou hast ta∣ken f 1.9: for she is † 1.10 a mans wife.

4 But Abimelech had not come near her g 1.11: and he said, LORD, wilt thou slay also a righte∣ous h 1.12 nation i 1.13?

5 Said he not unto me, she is my sister? and she, even she her self said, He is my brother; in the ‖ 1.14 integrity of my heart, and innocency of my hands k 1.15 have I done this.

6 And God said unto him in a dream, Yea I know that thou didst this in the integrity of thy heart l 1.16: for I also withheld thee m 1.17 from sin∣ning n 1.18 * 1.19 against me o 1.20, therefore suffered I thee not to touch her.

7 Now therefore restore the man his wife: for he is a prophet p 1.21, and he shall pray for thee * 1.22, and thou shalt live: and if thou restore her not, know thou, that thou shalt surely die, thou, and all that are thine q 1.23.

8 Therefore Abimelech rose early in the morn∣ing, and called all his servants r 1.24, and told all these things in their ears: and the men were sore afraid.

9 Then Abimelech called Abraham and said unto him, what hast thou done unto us s 1.25? and what have I offended thee, that * 1.26 thou hast brought on me, and on my Kingdom a great sin t 1.27? thou hast done deeds unto me that ought not to be done.

10 And Abimelech said unto Abraham, What sawest thou, that thou hast done this thing t 1.28?

11 And Abraham said, because I thought, sure∣ly the fear of God u 1.29 is not in this place: and they will slay me for my wifes sake.

12 And yet indeed she is my sister x 1.30: she is the daughter y 1.31 of my father, but not the daughter of my mother z 1.32; and she became my wife a 1.33.

13 And it came to pass, when God caused me to wander b 1.34 from my fathers house, that I said unto her, This is thy kindness which thou shalt shew unto me; at every place whither we shall come, * 1.35 say of me, He is my brother.

14 And Abimelech took sheep and oxen, and men-servants, and women-servants, and gave them unto Abraham, and restored him Sarah his wife.

15 And Abimelech said, Behold, my land is be∣fore thee c 1.36, dwell † 1.37 where it pleaseth thee.

16 And unto Sarah he said, Behold, I have gi∣ven thy brother d 1.38 a thousand pieces of silver e 1.39: behold, he is to thee a covering of the eyes f 1.40 un∣to all that are with thee g 1.41, and with all other h: thus she was reproved i 1.42.

17 So Abraham prayed unto God: and God healed Abimelech, and his wife, and his maid-ser∣vants, and they bare children.

18 For the LORD had fast closed up all the wombs k 1.43 of the house of Abimelech, because of Sarah Abrahams wife.

Notes

• a 1.1

  From the plain of Mamre, Chap. 18. 1. where he had long dwelt; and whence he removed either because of its near∣ness to that filthy Lake which now was in the place of that late fruitful plain: Or for other reasons and conveniences need∣less to be here enquired or determined.
• b 1.2

  Yet more towards the Southern part of Canaan.
• * 1.3

  Chap. 12. 13.
• c 1.4

  Left they should slay him for his beautiful Wifes sake, as himself tels us, ver. 11. For though Sarah was ninety years old, yet she retained her beauty in good measure, partly be∣cause she had not been broken by bearing and nursing of Chil∣dren, partly because in that age of the World Men and Wo∣men as they lived longer, so they did not so soon begin to de∣cay, as now they do: and partly because of Gods especial bles∣sing upon her.
• d 1.5

  Not without violence, for it is not to be thought that either Abraham or Sarah would consent to it.
• * 1.6

  Psal. 105. 14.
• e 1.7

  God then used to manifest his mind in dreams not onely to his People, but even to Heathens for their sakes, or in things wherein they were concerned.
• * 1.8

  Thou deservest a present and untimely Death, and if thou proceedest in thy intended wick∣edness, it shall be inflicted upon thee.
• f 1.9

  Both for thy inju∣stice in taking her away by force, and for thy intentions to abuse her; though not yet executed.
• † 1.10

  Heb. married to an Husband▪
• g 1.11

  (i. e.) Had not yet lyen with her. A modest expression like that of knowing a woman, Gen. 4. 1. or going in to her, Gen. 6. 4. or touching her, Prov. 6. 29. 1 Cor. 7. 1. by which we are taught to use modesty in our speeches, and not, with the rude Cynicks, to express all things by their proper names. This clause and history was necessary to be added here for Sa∣rahs vindication, and especially for the demonstration of Isaacs original from Abraham and Sarah, according to Gods promise.
• h 1.12

  (i. e.) Innocent as to this matter, compare 2 Sam. 4. 11.
• i 1.13

  For he knew it was just and usual for God to punish a Nati∣on for their Kings sins, and therefore, as became a good Prince, he is solicitous and prays for the safety of his nation: Or else by Nation he may mean his Family, for some of them were not involved in the guilt of this fact.
• ‖ 1.14

  Or, simplicity, or sincerity, 2 Sam. 15. 11.
• k 1.15

  Without any adulterous design in my heart, or outward actions tending to it, being wholly ignorant of what thou now informest me.
• l 1.16

  (i. e.) That thou didst not this knowingly and maliciously, but imprudently and inconsiderately, which is indeed an exte∣nuation of thy sin, though not a total excuse▪ Compare 1 King. 9. 4. 1 Chron. 29. 1.
• m 1.17

  Partly by my restraining grace, and partly by my powerful Providence and the plague mentioned, ver. 1•…•….
• n 1.18

  Which plainly shews that ignorance is not always an excuse for sin. See Luk. 12. 48.
• * 1.19

  Chap. 39. 9. Levit. 6. 2. Psal. 51. 4.
• o 1.20

  Th•…•…s sin, though directly committed against Abraham and Sarah only is said to be against God as other such sins are, Gen. 39. 9. Psal. 51. 4. because it was against Gods command written in mens minds, though not yet published by express Word or Writing, and against Gods honour, and that here in a particular manner, be∣cause it would have rendred Isaacs original, and thereby Gods promi•…•…e, doubt•…•…l.
• p 1.21

  A person very dear to me and familiarly acquainted with me, and therefore the injuries done to him I take as done to my self. See Psal. 105. 15.
• * 1.22

  Which is one part of a Pro∣phets work, Ier. 14. 11. and 15. 1.
• q 1.23

  Which was not un∣just because they all had sins of their own, for which they deserved Death whensoever God thought fit to inflict it, and God might take this occasion to do it, that in punishing them he might also punish the King, whose subjects they were.
• r 1.24

  His Counsellers and principal Officers, as that word is used, 1 King. 1. 2. and 10, 13.
• s 1.25

  How great a danger hast thou exposed us to?
• * 1.26

  Chap. 26. 10.
• t 1.27

  Even the Heathens who thought Fornication harmless, judge Adulte∣ry to be a very great and hainous crime. See Gen. 38. 24. Levit. 20. 10. Deut. 22. 22. Ezek. 16. 38, and 23. 45, 47. Or, A great punishment, as this word is oft used; which seems better to answer to his offending Abraham now men∣tioned.
• t 1.28

  What levity or miscarriage didst thou discern in us which moved thee to deal thus with us?
• u 1.29

  (i. e.) True Piety or the knowledge of the true God, which is the only effectual restraint from the grossest wicked∣ness.
• x 1.30

  My near Kinswoman; even as Lot upon the same account is called Abrahams Brother, Gen. 13. 8.
• y 1.31

  (i. e.) The Grand∣daughter: For Grand-children are commonly called the Sons and Daughters of their Grand-parents, as Gen. 31. 28. Exod. 2. 18. And besides, her Father Haran dying before her Grand∣father, she was left more immediately under his Care and E∣ducation, and therefore was more peculiarly reputed Terahs Daughter and Abrahams Sister. See Gen. 11. 29.
• z 1.32

  Because Haran was Abrahams Brother onely by the Fathers side, Terah who had Haran by another wife.
• a 1.33

  How could Abraham mar∣ry one so near of kin to him? Answ. There were larger al∣lowances for Marriages in those times, as it was convenient there should be: Neither had God as yet given those prohibi∣tions, Levit. 18. Besides among all Nations the Mothers side was more regarded than the Fathers in all prohibitions of Marriage.
• b 1.34

  This word he useth, because God did not direct him to any certain place, but sent him out he knew not whither Heb. 11. 8. And being to travel and sojourn amongst persons of divers tempers and manners, and all Pagans, he thought this equivocal expression convenient for his security.
• * 1.35

  Chap. 12. 13.
• c 1.36

  (i. e.) Free for thy view and choice, as Gen. 13. 9.
• † 1.37

  Heb. as is good in thine eyes.
• d 1.38

  A sharp rebuke and irony, q. d. He whom thou didst miscal thy Brother.
• e 1.39

  To wit, shekels, which is commonly un∣derstood, when a summe of Silver or Gold is indefinitely men∣tioned, as Numb. 7. 13. 85. 2 Sam. 18. 12. 2 King. 6. 25.
• f 1.40

  (i. e) A protection to thee from the wanton eyes and at∣tempts of others, whilst they know thee to be the wife of another man, and he such an one whom they reverence and fear, and therefore thou didst take a very wrong course to dis∣own him, whereby thou didst expose thy self to great dan∣ger. Or, This is to thee, &c. i. e. This I give to thee to buy thee a veil wherewith thou mayst cover thy face, as it is fit and usual for married persons to do. Compare Gen. 24. 65. 1 Cor. 11. 3, 6, 7, 10.
• g 1.41

  Unto all that here live with thee or near thee: And with all men whomsoever.
• i 1.42

  Or, admo∣nished, to be more circumspect for the future: Or, and be thou admonished: For they may be the words of Abimelech.
• k 1.43

  This phrase elsewhere notes barrenness, as 1 Sam. 1. 5, 6. and so many understand it here. Against which some learn∣ed men object, that that could not so soon be discovered, for all this happened between the Conception and birth of Isaac. Which objection may seem not valid, because the evidences of of Womens being with Child go so long before the birth of the Child, and those evidences not appearing in any of their Women, who before that time were generally fruitful and child-bearing, they might discern Gods hand in it, especially upon Gods admonition to their King. But because this history seems to have been done in a far less space of time, it not be∣ing probable either that God would suffer Sarah to be long with Abimelech ere he warned him, or that he being warned and so severely threatned and actually punished would delay the execution of Gods command, or that upon his obedience to God, the mercy and deliverance promised would be de∣layed by God. That seems more probable which others think, that this was an indisposition or plague or sore in the secret parts, by which they were hindred from cohabitation, and mutual converse, and consequently, from hopes of conception and Child-bearing, upon the removal whereof it is said that they bare Children, where, as oft-times in Scripture, the last and consummating act is put for all the proceeding acts, q. d. And they were restored to the Conjugal use, and Conception, and, in due time, to Child-bearing.