To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.
WHich being not here intended or understood to be by an invadeing of the peoples Rights and Properties in their moveables or immovables, but a re∣ceiving
or imposing of that which publick welfare, and the contracts or respects of Subjects in general or parti∣cular have for benefits received, and to be continued, re∣duced into reasonable Customs, and made to be as a most ready and willing Tribute, Oblations, or Duty to their Kings and Princes, may go as high as Filial duty and Paternity, and a retribution or gratitude for the peace and plenty which their Subjects and people enjoy under their Government, Love, Honor, and Reverence for their Protection and self Preservation, publick weal and safety, and of every mans particular included in the General, and was to be found in the (g) 1.1 morning of the world, as well as in the afternoon and evening of it; when as Joseph relieving the Egyptians necessity, which a national Famine had brought upon them, gave them Lands and Seed-Corn to sow it, that they might have food for their Housholds and little ones, and made a Law over the Land of Egypt to this day, that the King▪ should have the Fifth part (of the yearly profits) except the land of the Priests only which became not Pharaohs: And in the Reign of King David, when the Moabites (h) 1.2 being be∣come his Subjects sent him Guifts, and Shobi the Son of Nahash and Rabbab of the Children of Ammon, and Ma∣chir the Son of Ammiel of Lodebar and Barzillai, the Gileadite of Rogelim, in his sorrowfull march against his Son Absolom, brought Beds and Basins, Earthen Vessels, Wheat and Barley, Floure, Parched Corn, Beans, Lentils Parched, Honey, Butter, Sheep and Cheese of Kyne, for David and the people; and in all or most of the Circum∣stances of what was lately used in England, was no stran∣ger in the happy and famous Government of King Solo∣mon the wisest of men (i) 1.3 whose wisdom excelled the wis∣dom
of all the East Country, and all the wisdom of Egypt, for besides the Victuals and Provision which his twelve great Officers or Socage Tenants provided for him and all that came unto his Table; all the Kingdoms which he reigned over from the River (of Euphrates) unto the Land of the Philistines, and unto the border of Egypt, and all other his Dominions (k) 1.4 brought Presents unto him, and his prouision for one day, was thirty measures of fine Floure, threescore measures of meal, ten fat Oxen, Twenty Oxen out of the Pastures, and an hundred sheep, besides Harts, Roe Bucks, Fallow Deer, and fatted Fowl. And all the Earth sought to Solomon, to hear his wisdom which God had put in his heart, and they brought every man his present, Vessels of Silver, Vessels of Gold, Garments, Armour, Spices, Horses and Mules, a rate year by year; (l) 1.5 And he raised a Levy out of all Israel, and the Levy was thirty thousand men, and sent them to Lebanon, as workmen, ten Thousand a month by course, and two months at home, and Judah and Israel were many, as is the sand which is by the Sea in multitude, eating and drinking, and making merry▪ and dwelt safely every man under his own Vine, and under his Figg Tree, from Dan even unto Beer-Sheba all the days of Solomon, and as (m) 1.6 Josephus saith, had Tribute Gatherers over the Syrians, who brought him Provision towards the keeping of his house & hor∣ses. Mesha King of Moab, rendred unto Ahab King of Isra∣el, (n) 1.7 a Tribute of one hundred Thousand Lambs, and an hundred Thousand Rams with the wool, some of the Phi∣listines brought Jehosophat King of Judah, Presents and Tribute Silver, and the Arabians brought him Flocks, () 1.8 seven thousand Rams, and seven hundred Hee-goats. And in the measure and description of the Holy City,
shewed to the Prophet Ezekiel, in the Twenty Fifth year of Jehoiakims Captivity (p) 1.9 a portion of the City and Suburbs and Oblations were appointed for the Prince.
Which custom or right due to the Kings or Gover∣nors, was not after the long and lamentable Captivity of the Children of Israel, at their return and building of Jerusalem, either forgotten or thought fit to be laid aside, when as the Righteous Nehemiah, considering the necessities of the people, refused the bread of the Go∣vernor, (q) 1.10 and that which was prepared for him daily, which was one Oxe and six thousand sheep, and also Fowls, and once in ten days, store of all sorts of wine.
Nor was that usage and way of remuneration to Su∣periors, confined only to the pedagoguie of the Jews, under the Severities of their Mosaical Laws, or their be∣ing so much weaned from avarice or selfishnes by their remissions in their years of Jubile their many obla∣tions, free-will, offerings, and chargeable Sacrifices, and no less a penaltie then death ordained for not obeying their Princes or Magistrates, but was by a light of na∣ture and emanation of right Reason, some way or other brought or carried to the Greeks, no despisers of wisdom or prudential imitations.
Agamemnon at the siege of Troy, was able to treat the chief of (r) 1.11 the Grecian Army in his Tent, with all fit∣ting provisions; And Eustathius the Scoliast saith that the King had, at the devision of any spoils, an extraor∣dinary share assigned him for such entertainments.
The Spartan Kings had in all Sacrifices the Chynes and the skins for their honorary Fees (as amongst the Hebrews, the Priests had the shoulders) and in
that popular rustick and unmanerly Commonwealth of the (s) 1.12 Lacedemonians, their Kings even in the time of their insolent Ephori, who dominered over them, and when they lived and were maintained ex publico, out of the publick, could not be denied by the Laws of Lycur∣gus in egressibus, their marches or progresses, capere quae∣cunque pecora libuerit, to take what Cattel they pleased, Et singulis quoque Calendis, mensium singula pecora eis, è publico data fuerint. And in the Calends of every month, the people gave or presented Cattel unto them, Apollini immolanda, to sacrifice to Apollo, and when their Pythii, or those two whom the Kings did use upon occasions, to send to Delphos to consult the Oracle, were publickly to eat with them, Regibus ad Caenam non euntibus binae Chae∣nices, id est Semimodia Farinae & uni singulae Cotylae, (i. e.) sextarii presentibus dupla data fuerint, if the Kings, (for sometimes they had two) came not to the place ap∣pointed to eat with the Pythii, certain large proportions of meat, wine, and other Provisions were sent them, and when they did come, had a double proportion, more then the Pythii, allowed them.
The Athenians whilst they were a Republick, highly valuing, and carefully preserving their Liberties, had their Tolls and vectigalia publica, their Senators as well as their Judges having an allowance or pensions out of them and their Sitophilaces and Frumentatores or Over∣seers of the Corn, were able to take care of the Provi∣sion of Corn, quod in atticum emperium adveheretur, duas partes in urbem mercatores deferre cogerent, that two parts of the Corn which should be brought to (t) 1.13 Athens, should be by the Merchants brought into the City.
By the Pattern whereof, or from the Laws of Na∣ture and right Reason, the Romans in the greatest opini∣on and rufle of their Liberties, were not also without their vectigalia, quae ex importatione & exportatione re∣rum vaenalium capiabantur, Imposts for the import and export of things to be sold, and besides the (u) 1.14 decuma∣manum frumenti, thei•• Tenth or Tithes of the Husband-mens Corne, which was delivered unto them, the Magi∣strates had sine pretio, freely and without recompence their emptum, or that which was bought for a certain sum of money, or at a rate (x) 1.15 quam Aratores vendere accepto ex S. Ct•. pretio cogebantur quod frumentum Ro∣mam ad alendum populum a magistratibus Romanis mit∣tebatur, which the Farmers being compelled by the Law or order of the Senate to take a certain price for, was sent by the Magistrates to Rome, to feed or nourish the people, (y) 1.16 Tenebantur Campani, Samnites, Lucani, B••utii & Tusci, aliqui unam & semis, alii, duas decimas pecorum quas alebant populo Romano exhibere, the Campanians, Samnites, Lucani, Brutians, and the people of Tuscany, were bound yearly to send to Rome, some one and a half, others two Tenths of their Cattle, which they bred pro Annona for their provision, and had also that which was called (z) 1.17 Estimatū quia estimaba•• magistratus & in cell••̄ suā in usū familiae suae asportabatur, because that accord∣ing to the Magistrates rate, it was brought into their Houses o•• Granaries▪ & interdū prò frumēt•• pecuniā acci∣perent, & was sometimes released or discharged for mo∣ney, did usually impress workmen and many things ne∣cessary to the building of Forts or Castles, or other uses in their Military & Publick affairs, their Consuls had at their coming into their Provinces, honoraria, or Pre∣sents
Honoris loco in respect and honor done unto them, and did at their coming into a Province▪ as L. Posthumus Albinus the Consul did, litteras mittere ut sibi magistra∣tus obviam exirent locum publice pararent in quo diverte∣rentur jumentaquè cum exirent, inde praesto essent, send their Mandate or Letters to the Magistrate, requiring him to meet them, and provide a Lodging and Carria∣ges to be ready when he should depart. And besides o∣ther Tributes, imposed upon Countries (a) 1.18 subdued, had a portion in Corn, commonly the Tenth part, be∣besides other necessaries for the Provision of the Lieu∣tenant and Soldiers maintained there, and for other like purposes at a reasonable price. Julius Caesar being Consul with Tibullus, anno urbis conditae 691. made a Law that when any Magistrates of Rome, passed by any Province, the people should furnish them with Hay and Victuals. (b) 1.19 Et Angariarum & Parangariarum praestatio inter Vectigalia quae Regalia dicuntur annumeratur quia ea Regis aut Imperatoris jura propria sunt cum olim eo no∣mine significarentur munera onerum vehendorum provin∣cialibus imposita, and Cart-taking or pressing of ships, carts and horses, were under the names of Angaria and Parangaria, not infrequently taken to be Regalities and Rights due to Emperors, Kings or Princes, who had their Annonarii & praefecti Annonae, Surveyors or Pourveyors of Corn, and in times of dearth did cause it to be given to the people without money. (c) 1.20 Jus quo{que} Angariarum & Parangariarum supremus habet magistratus quo jure ne∣cessitas incumbit equos plaustra naves prestandi, the pow∣er of pressing horses, carts or ships belongeth to the Su∣pream Magistrate, and there is by Law, a necessity of furnishing them.
In the time of Trajan the Emperor, who for his good∣ness and excellent Government was called herba parietaria, the wall Flower, and deliciae hominum, the delight of his people, presides provinciarum evectiones dabant, did licence or did give warrant for the taking of carts and horses, and then and afterwards, Tributa & species ex Provinciis exactae ad aulam principis in Rhedis & Jumentis cursus publici transferebantur, the Tri∣butes and Provisions gathered in the Provinces, were by Carriages and the Horses of the publick, carried to the Palace of the Prince, or to his Army, insomuch as si immunitas aliquibus concedatur neque ab Annona, ne∣que ab Angariis, neque veredo excusari possunt nullusque ab hoc onere nec Ecclesia excusabatur (d) 1.21 in the Grants of exemptions or immunities, Pourveyance and Cart-ta∣king were not to be included, for that none, nor the Church it self were to be excused from such duties, whence ships as Vlpian saith came to be arrested by Princes, and imployed for publick use, and Simon of Cirene was made to carry the Cross of our Blessed Savi∣our, (e) 1.22 Judex pro Justicia exequenda capere potest Asinum vel Equum, vel currum a subdito ut cum eo ducatur male∣factor ad supplicium, a Judge in order to Justice, and to carry a malefactor to execution, may command a mans horse, asse, or cart to be taken, and likewise, offici∣alis pro servicio publico potest capere jumentum alienum pro mittendis victualibus in exercitum, vel pro servicio (f) 1.23 Regis vel Baronis, aut facere mandatum de persona, & semper debet dari salarium angariato constitutum, an Of∣ficer may for the service of the publick imprest, another mans horse, and himself also, to carry victuals to the Ar∣my, or for the service of the King, or a Baron, giving the
Salary or rate allowed, the Presides or Governors of Provinces (g) 1.24 euntes ad aliquam civitatem unam tantum angariam & duos paranedos & totidem officium petere possunt, in their Journey to any city or town, might im∣prest one Carriage and two Palfreys.
Et ita invaluerunt istae consuetudines, and so strong such or the like customs came to be, as the Emperors Theodosius and Valentinianus did in their Rescripts or∣der that * 1.25 ubi iter arripimus omnes debeant solita mini∣steria exhiberi & neminem ab Angariis Parangariis vel plaustris, vel quolibet munere exc••sari, when they were to make any expedition or progress, every man should in all Provinces or places, through which they should pass, perform their accustomed duties, & that no man should be excused from furnishing of Carts or from other pay∣ments or services. And did upon some complaints, that messengers sent into the Provinces, to carry tydings of Victories, Leagues or publique Joyes, did take too much for the Pourveyance, or si sacros vultus inhiantibus forte populis inferimus, when the Emperors should themselves bless the people with their presence in their Progress, did ordain * 1.26 ne quid accipiant immodicum▪ that they should not be unreasonable or immoderate in it. And the Emperor Leo did ordain that no man should deny his Service in murorum extructione seu comparatione frumenti aliarumque specierum, for the building of walls, providing of Corn and other Provi∣sions.
Upon a remission of some Tribute by the Emperor Va∣lentinianus to Numidia, & both the Mauritania's quatuor millia aureorum & ducentas tantum solverent, & ducentas militares Annonas & 800. capita id est equorum pabula
singulasque Annonas solidis quatuor per annum jussit aesti∣mari, they were ordered to pay but yearly Four thou∣sand and two hundred Crowns, Twelve hundred measures of Military Corn or Provisions, and Fodder or Provision for eight hundred horses, every one of those Annonae or quantities being ordered to be rated at four shillings k) 1.27 Justinianus tanti sed solidis quinis sin∣gulas Annonas compensari mandat, and Justinian order∣ing the same proportions, did command five shillings to be paid for every of those Annona's or quantities.
In that ancient custom of Posts or speedy Messengers instituted by (l) 1.28 Cyrus amongst the Persians, and brough•• into use amongst the Romans by Augustus Caesar before the coming of Christ, provincialium paecunia equi cum ho∣minibus ad currendum destinatis alerentur, the Country or Provinces did bear the charges of men and horses, (m) 1.29 quod Severus Imperator postea abolevit id fisci onus esse jubens, which Severus the Emperor afterwards took away and put that charge upon himself, as Princes do sometimes in other matters upon some necessity or rea∣sons of State, but not for any evil in the thing it it self no more being signified thereby then the remission of some Subsidies in England: after they were Grant∣ed to Queen Elizabeth, can declare them to be evill or inconvenient, for it seems by Spartianus, it was (n) 1.30 only done in regard that he desired se commendare hominibus, to get an applause of the people, stabula ta∣men in quibus equi a••ebantur provincialium sumptibus re∣ficiebantur. but the Stables notwithstanding in which the horses were kept, were to be Repaired by the people. The Terciocerius an Officer so called, did look to the Bastages or publick Carriages, Et res
transvehendas & transvectas ut frumentum Constanti∣nopolim devehendi, did order or send out Warrants for Carriages for the Emperors Journeys, or to carry Corn for the publick to Constantinople, Et in diversis orientis Regionibus erant corpora se•• collegia na••tarum quorum quique per vices onera publica ferre cogebantur propter quod incommodum a muneribus civilibus immu∣nes erant & à Tributis liberi & quandoque ad mercedu∣lam Philici nomine accipiebant (o) 1.31 And in diverse parts of the East there were certain Corporations or Societies of Men, of which every one by Turns were compelled to those publick Carriages, in consideration whereof they were freed from the bearing of all Offices in the Common-wealth, and from Tributes, sometimes re∣ceiving a small reward, called Philichus▪ in mediterra∣neis quoque jumenta & plaustra habentes eidem oneri erant obnoxii quae Angaria vocatur; And in the Mediterra∣nean they which had Carts and Horses were subject to the like duties.
The Wisigothes had their erogatores Annonae per sin∣gulas civitates & castella,(p) 1.32 their Stewards for all pro∣visions in all Cities and Castles. And Theodoricus King of the Gothes, though so great an enemy to the Civil Law, and the Laws of other Nations, as he for∣bad the use of them with a nolumus sive Romanis legi∣bus, sive alienis,(q) 1.33 institutionibus amodò amplius conve∣xari, and would (as our Pride the Drayman, and Hewson the Cobler, and many of our Committee men wereof late troubled with reason and our English Laws) be no more vexed with them, could give notwithstanding such an entertainment to the right reason of them concerning Pourveyances, as when he enjoyned a care in distribu∣ting
the Annonae or military provisions, he could say ad∣ditum est etiam beneficii genus ut in presenti devotione prae∣ceptis Regis,(r) 1.34 nec divina domus (the Kings house in the respectfull language of those times) videatur excepta sed totum communiter sustineatur, and would have that be∣nefit extended to his own House, that it might also be susteined by it.
And had them so much at his command as he ap∣pointed Annona•• praebendas infirmo venienti ad locum pro recuperanda sanitate,(s) 1.35 provision to be made for one that was for his health removed to a better aire.
Those Annonae being not only confined to corn, but comprehending omnia alimentorum genera,(t) 1.36 all manner of yearly provisions for victuals, quae praediorum Provin∣cialium Domini conductoresque tuendi exercitus causa quotannis praebebant,(u) 1.37 which the Provinces subject to the Roman Empire yearly paid towards the support of the Army,(x) 1.38 Et solebant preberi in speciebus ipsis verum constitutione (postea rediguntur ad praetia definita in dele∣gationibus quae eo nomine singulis officiis dantur;) and were usually paid in kind, but were afterwards reduced to certain prices by Officers appointed to that purpose, qua Annonae eis debitae taxantur & capita, aut praetia ec∣rum quae sumunt ex tributis illius,(y) 1.39 vel illius provinciae, vel ex publicis Horreis, by whom the Provisions of the Provinces, or that which were taken out of the pub∣lique Barns or Granaries were duly rated, Et quae mili∣taribus palatinisque officiis ex eorum qui possessiones te∣nebant collatione erogabantur, and gathered by the Em∣perors Officers, which Doctor Ridley in his view of the Civil and Ecclesiasticall Law extends to all things ne∣cessary for the Princes House and Family.z 1.40
In the time of Charlemaigne, or Charles the Great, who subdued the Gothes, and other Northern and un∣ruly Nations, infesting the Roman Empire, Tractatoria Legatorum, the Treatments or entertainment of Mes∣sengers, by a custome borrowed from the Romans, for such as were by the Kings Letters or Warrants sent to, or by the Emperor, were usual, and they might make use of horses, adscriptis etiam bonis & mansionibus qui∣bus sumptu publico ali deberent,(a) 1.41 and had houses and lodgings assigned, where out of the publick, provisions should be made for them, and quid unicuique in itinere commeatus praestare deberet variè pro dignitate et quali∣tate personarum plus Episcopo quem rex mittebat Abati,(b) 1.42 e•• Comiti non tantum minùs autem vasallo decernebatur, which were to be according to the dignity or quality of the persons sent, as more to a Bishop, less to an Abbot or Earl, less then that to a more inferour, et a subditis et provincialibus suppeditarenur▪(c) 1.43 & were furnish∣ed by the Subjects and People of the Countries, and it was a great favour for some Religious Houses and for Bishops and Churchmen to be exempted from it, Et per singula territoria discurrentes mansionaticos et para∣vedos accipiunt, and all places where they came were to have some entertainments; tunc namque solebant sub∣diti hospitio non modo recipere missos et legatos Principis, Comites, Duces, et eorum ministros verum et viaticum eis pro unius cujusque dignitate praestare, for then the Subjects were not only to receive the Kings or Prin∣ces Messengers or Earls,(d) 1.44 or Dukes and their Attendants imployed in their Affairs, but to give them enter∣tainment according to their dignities; and it was so espe∣cially ordained, as de missis nostris discurrentibus saith,
an express Law of that good and virtuous as well as great Emperor, vel ceteris propter utilitatem nostram iter agentibus ut nullus mansionem contradicere eis pre∣sumat,(e) 1.45 no man was to deny any employed upon his service entertainment in his house, regis quoque recipi∣endi idem onus provincialibus incumbebat ejusque rei cu∣ra ad mansionarium; and the King was in his Progress or travelling, to have the like, and the care thereof be∣longed to an Officer called Mansionarius, or Mansionum Marescallum the Marshall, or as we now call it, the Har∣benger,(f) 1.46 to whom saith Hinckmarus out of Adalhardus, it belonged, ut in hoc maxime sollicitudo ejus intenta es∣set ut susceptores quo tempore ad eos illo in loco Rex ventu∣rus ••sset propter mansionum preparationem ut opportuno tempore prescire potuissent nè aut tardè scientes propter afflictionem familie importuno tempore peccatum, aut isti propter non condignam susceptionem, to take great care that those who were to receive the King when he should come, might have such timely notice, as for want thereof the Family might not be put to the greater trouble, or punished for not worthily entertaining him; And the old French whom Franciscus Hott••mannus would make to be the freest of all Nations,(g) 1.47 were so used to those paratas or pastùs, making provisions for their Kings,(h) 1.48 as they did make livrees (a term now used in France for provisions or meats, which in specie were daily provided for the Kings house.)
Et olim magistris hospitiijus Annonae quae in Comita∣tum Regium importabatur per praeconem statuendi praetium eosque poenis gravioribus mulctandi,(i) 1.49 qui societatem coiis∣sent ut Annona Carior esset; and therefore the Stewards or great Officers of the Kings Houshold did heretofore
appoint the rates of provision for the Kings house, publickly proclaim it, and punish such as did confederate to raise the prices or make them dearer, Et non hospi∣cium modo Regi aliisque ab eo missis dabatur verum & parabantur alimenta, not lodging or house-room only, but food and provisions were to be provided for the King, or such as he should employ upon his occasions.
Nor was it unusual amongst the antient Germans, who totam spirantes libertatem, though they were loath to come behind any Nations of the world in freedome, ex omnibus quae terra producere solet usui necessariis excep∣tis vix bubus & semmibus ad excolendam terram idoneis de ceteris quantum necesse fuerit militi profuturis ad re∣gios usus suppeditare aequum illi arbitrentur,(k) 1.50 of all which the earth produced, and was necessary for use, except Oxen and seed to sow the ground withall, and might supply the Army, to furnish some part for the use of the King.
In Franconia, that great part or Circle of the Ger∣man Empire which is washed with the Rhine, non antea Vindemiare cuiquam concessum quam domini quibus deci∣mae debentur permiserunt,(l) 1.51 & suis expensis▪ decimam in domini Torcular inferre debent, no man was to gather and press his grapes without the Lords licence, and every man was at his own charge to bring the tenth part thereof to their Lords.
By the Laws of t••e Ripuarians or Borderers upon the Rhine,* 1.52 a penalty of 60 shillings was to be imposed upon him qui Legatarium Regis, vel ad Regem, seu in utilita∣tem Regis pergentem hospitio contempserit, who should re∣fuse to lodge any Embassadour of the Kings, or sent un∣to him.
(m) 1.53And amongst the Lombards such a care there was to be in every man of all the Kings concerns, as nemo∣presumat ad Regem venienti mansionem vetare & quae ne∣cessaria sunt sicut vicino suo ei vendat, no man was to de∣ny any of the Kings Lieges, lodging in his journey to the King, but was to sell him things necessary as cheap as to his Neighbour.
In Poland which is an Elective Kingdome, and where the people take no small care of their Liberties and Pri∣viledges, the Agrestes and Ascriptitii, Socage Tenants and Husbandmen, besides their Rents paid to the King in money,(n) 1.54 Pensitant Pecuarias, Frumentarias, Avenari∣as & aliarum rerum pensiones, nec Agricolae, sed et oppi∣dani quin et equites, sive milites non penitùs immunes sunt, doe provide, Cattle, Corn, Oates and other pro∣visions, and not only the Husbandmen, but the Bur∣gers: neither are the Knights or Gentry altogether free from it, Jumenta autem ei quacunque iter facit, et canes cum venatoribus ejus alere necesse habent, but doe fur∣nish horses and carriages and provisions for his Hounds and Hunters.(o) 1.55 And the Kingdome being divided into four parts, Rex in orbem quotannis invisit, the King eve∣ry year visiteth them in his Progress, è quorum singulae ternis mensibus alunt Regem Regumque Comitatum, and every Province for the space of three moneths doe fur∣nish him and his Court with provisions of victuals.
(p) 1.56The dull and frozen Muscovite or Russian denies not his Prince his labour when he calls for it, or a part ex ferarum exuviis, of the surres which he getteth.
The Tartars as fierce and unruly as they are, and a nasty People nearly related to beasts, who live in Tents all the Summer, and remove from place to place
with their Cousins the Cattle,* 1.57 and in their Cottages or ugly Houses daubed with their Cattles dung all the Winter, drink Mares milk, and eat Horse-flesh, carrion, and garbage, bestowing many times no more Cookery upon it then what ••he wind and sun affords them, do willingly furnish their Prince or great Chan with horses and all kind of houshold provisions as well in time of Peace as Warre.
The Laplanders and Samoites bordering upon the Dane and Russe, when they hold their Mart at Cola upon St. Peters day, cannot keep it, unless the Captain of the Wardhuyss, that is Resiant there for the King of Den∣mark be present,* 1.58 or send his Deputy to set prices upon their Stock-fish, Train-oyl, Furres, and other Com∣modities, as also the Emperour of Russia's Customer or Tribute Taker, to receive his Custome, which is e∣ver paid before any thing can be bought or sold.
At Naples a Tribute is yearly paid pro singulis focis pro hospitiis praesidiariorum,* 1.59 & nobilium quorundam qui Proregem comitantur, by every house towards the charge and provision of the Presidents and Nobles which at∣tend the Vice-Roy, and every two years great Dona∣tions are presented from the Churches.
The Grand Duke of Florence or Tuscany, vectigal quod ipsi darium vocant pro animalibus quae Florentiam ducuntur percipit, hath a Tribute which they call there Dairo, for all Cattle which are brought to Florence.
In Hungarie,* 1.60 which hath been in this and the fore∣going Century or Age an Elective Kingdome in the House of Austria, the Coloni, Fa••mers, or Husband∣men and common-People are obliged ad gratuitas ope∣ras & labores sex dierum, to work six dayes for nothing
in the fortifying of Castles and Garrisons; & anno 1600. propter penuriam Annonae: & defectum jumentorum, by the scarcity of victuals and defect of Horses and Cattel for Carriages, the States of Hungary not being able to promise certam vecturam victualium▪ what victuals they could carry and provide, did hope, if God send them more plenty, quod non de••runt regnicolae qui praetio quan∣tum fieri potuit victualia convehent, that the Inhabitants of the Kingdome would take care that victuals may be provided and carried as cheap as may be.
* 1.61The Swedes who do boast themselves to be the re∣maining parts of the Ostrogothes, & are an Elective King∣dome, are omnia tributa & census Regidebita vehere & transferre juxta Regis voluntatem, to carry and bring to the King his Tributes and Rents (which are there much in provision) or where else he shall please to dispose of them.
And by that grand guide of Reason, the Civil Law, which in all the Kingdomes and Provinces of the Chri∣stian World is the Cynosura or Pole-starre, by which for the most part their Governments are steered and di∣rected. That custome of Pourveyance for the Princes private as well as publick use was ever so inseparable and usual, and so little scrupled at or complained of, as it grew to be as universal as it was antient, and in the later time, and old age of the Civil Law, as well as the morning, youth and age of it, to be justly accompted to be principis privilegium & gloriosae militiae currus et naves accipere subditorum pro vehen∣do res de loco ad locum si sibi necessarium fuerit tam pro casu suo▪* 1.62 quam probello, a Priviledge and Right due to Princes and the publick welfare, to imprest and take
Ships and Carts of their Subjects when there shall be need, as well for their own use and occasions as in times of warre, Et si naves & plaustra tempore exercitus occul∣tentur poterunt confiscari de j••re,* 1.63 & talem confiscationem esse legitimam, saith Ferettus, who wrote no longer agoe then in the Reign of the Emperour Charles the Fifth and our King Henry the Eighth,* 1.64 cum agatur de honore & com∣modo universali ac de principis Imperi••, and if Ships and carriages or carts should be hid whereby they might not be taken for the use of the Army, they were by Law to be confiscate; and such a confiscation is lawfull when the publick honor and profit are concerned, or they are sei∣zed by the Princes order. And Ulpian saith ad onus fructuarii pertinet si quod ob transitum exercitus penditur, & si quid m••nicipio nam solent possessores certam partem fructuum municipio vili••r•• pre••io addicere, et ad fructu∣arium haec onera pertinebant, it belongeth to the Tenant or Farmer, if the Army pass that way, to pay contributi∣on, and also to a Garrison for the Tenants, and did use to send in a certain part of provisions at cheaper rates then ordinary.* 1.65 And in oneribus patrimoniorum etiam hospi∣t••m susceptio ponenda est, the lodgings and free-quarter of persons imployed for the use of the publick were likewise to be born plerumque enim militibus superveni∣entibus,* 1.66 vel publicis personis ea iter facientibus hospitia in civitatibus praebere oportuit; and commonly if any Souldiers or publick persons travailed that way, they were to have lodgings & free-quarter in Cities, Et ab his oneribus quae patrimoniis, vel possessionibus indicuntur, neque numero liberorum, neque ullo alio privilegio quem excusari, and from which publick charges which are laid upon mens Patrimonies or Estates, no man was to be
excused by having many children, or by any other pri∣viledge; Ab hoc tamen hospitiis recipiendi munere mi∣litibus veteranis medicis Philosophis vacatio immunitas∣que principum constitutionibus indulta est, from which notwithstanding old Souldiers, Physitians and Philoso∣phers or (poor Scholars) were only so favoured by the Prince as to be exempted.
In Spain, a Kingdom very fruitfull in Taxes, and ne∣ver or seldom parting with any that have been once rai∣sed or charged upon the people, witness their Cruzado's for the holy warre, and Assessments for the expelling of the Moors: there is a Consilium or Tribunal which hath cognizance, and judgeth de Annona concerning corn and other provisions: And the King continueth to this day (which might spare contribution towards the maintenance of his house) a decimam omnium vaena∣lium,* 1.67 tenth of all sorts of things which are sold, im∣posed by King John ob belli subsidium, upon occasion of a warr in Anno 1366.
* 1.68In Portugal the King hath his publick Tolls and Al∣fandega's ex quibuscunque vaenalibus out of all victuals and commodities, of some a tenth, some a fifth, and of others some other part.
The Commonwealth of Venice so mingled, and as well as may be composed of an Aristocratie, Democratie, and a small part of Monarchy, and with such a harmo∣ny and content of her Citizens as the Doge or Duke Senate and Magistrates (rather then the common peo∣ple) are by many worthy Authors and Writers repor∣ted to enjoy a most clear and satisfying liberty, have their Proveditori All-sale, who rent the Salt-pits, and take care that the City be served at reasonable rates,
their Signori della Grascia, who do supervise Cheese, Bacon and salt things, Signori del vino,* 1.69 who look to the condition and rates of all kind of wines, and a sort of Aediles called delle ragion vecchie whose office it is to entertain forraign Ambassadors or Princes,* 1.70 and to de∣fray their charges at the publick expence of St. Mark; and their Signori delle bia••i who are to take order that the City be well provided with a sufficient proportion of wheat and other grain. And their Duke having spe∣ciem regiam, non potestatem, the shew of a King only, but little of the power, and qui aulam non alit ut liberi principes, sed congruam solam familiam,* 1.71 though he keeps not a Court as free Princes doe, but only a pri∣vate Family, hath ex publico aerario, a yearly Salary, and the greater because every year he is to feast the Principal of the Senate, and nè ullus praeteritus videatur veteri instituto ac lege constitutum est, to the end that none may seem neglected, by an antient Law and Cu∣stom, is to send every winter five wild Ducks to every Citizen that hath voice in the great Council.
The States of the United Provinces in the Nether∣lands, who are well contented to call themselves Hooge Mogende and Groot Mogende great and high and mighty Lords, & like a Corporation of Kings govern the people by a false perswasion of liberties, under more burdens and Taxes then they ever endured under their Earles of Holland and Friesland, and their German and Spanish Monarchs, can in their Low-country and level∣ling humour, and the ill measure which they take of re∣verence to their betters, afford the Prince of Orange and his Court and Houshold, which is not small, a free∣dom from Excise, upon the buying of all provisions for
his house, which after the rate of its griping would goe a great part of the way to as much as what the King of England saves by his Pourveyances, and the like to the Queen of Bohemia her Retinue and Court when she was resident amongst them, Embassadours of forraign Prin∣ces, the English Company of merchants of the Staple, their Armies & common Souldiers when they are ••n the field or a Leaguer for all their victuals and such like pro∣visions, their ships and men of warre at sea, and to the University of Leyden for their Wine and Beer.
The States Generall having great and fitting sti∣pends from their several Provinc••s, whom they represent in an Assembly or standing Counsel at the Hague, and the Deputies of every Province sent to the Hague, when their Comitia, or as it were, Parliaments are there assembled have each of them four Florens, or our eight shillings a day allowed them, the Princes of O∣range, besides their great places of Captain General by Sea and by Land, which yielded them great profits as well as power, had 1000 pounds sterling a moneth sti∣pend, e•• cum in castris agebant, et in ipsa erat expeditione when they were in the Leagure or any service of warre had for a present given them,* 1.72 forty thousand Florens be∣ing almost four thousand pounds sterling for a Present or Honorary, magnaque pecuniae vis qu•• centum millia per∣saepe excedeba•• in eundem conferebatur, and a great sum of money, over and above which many times was more then one hundred thousand Florens, or ten thousand pounds sterling for Spies, Intelligence, and other neces∣saries without any accompt to be given for it: which stipends of the Prince of Orange, and the States of Hol∣land, or the Duke of Venice, including their charges of
Diet, Servants and Retinue, and all other necessaries belonging to the honor of their imployments, being paid in money, or raised by Taxes or Excise out of the people, have no other difference with the Pourveyance or Royall provision for Kings or Princes, but that the stipends are in money, and a gross summe large enough to take in all occasions and necessaries, and most com∣monly more then needs. And as to that particular, be∣ing a great deal more then the Pourveyance or compositi∣ons for it would amount unto, many times falls more heavy upon the people in the lump then it doth or could in a Pourveyance by distribution of it into small parts; for that Commonwealths and those Free States or Combi∣nations of governing and taxing are never no loosers by making finding or taking advantage of necessi∣ties, or catching opportunities of burdening the peo∣ple, and getting such overplus as may either help to en∣rich their Treasuries, and furnish out their magnificence in publick, or too often their private and particulars, wherein our cunning Church-wardens and Epitomes of Free States in their Parishes and the Grandees of some of our Cities and Corporations are very well instructed.
In the German Empire now much lessened in its an∣tient rights and pre••ogative by granting them away to several Princes Hanse Towns and Imperial Cities, by in∣dulgences, necessity of State affairs, or want of mo∣ney, the Angariae and Parangariae, duties of furnishing horses and carts upon any publick necessity, are not de∣nied to the Emperor, and upon occasions of warre ex∣traordinariae collationes prastantur que Fodron appellan∣tur,* 1.73 et ea appellatione non solum pabulum equorum quod Futter vocatur, set et frumentum hordeum aliaeque res ad
Imperatoris exercitum victui, extraordinary provisions called Foder are furnished, which in the German or high Dutch signifieth not only horse meat, but corn, barley, & other food for the Emperors Army, Et aliorum senten∣tia verior esse videtur qui dicunt extraordinariam collati∣onem, quae pro Imperatoris Utilitate, et necessitate indici∣tur supra ordinarias et statas indictiones census et tributa. And the better opinion is▪ that Pourveyance or Provi∣sions may be taken for the necessary occasions of the Emperor over and above his Tributes, or what is paid unto him. And as that excellently learned D. Wey∣mondus now deceased Chancellor to the Prince E∣lector of Brandenburgh, was pleased to inform me at his late being here together with Prince Maurice of Nassau, Embassadors from that Prince Elector prae-emption, and a power of ordering moderate rates and prices in the Markets is passim in tota Germania, now in use in all Germany as well by the Emperor as the Electors, and many other lesser Princes.
And if the French who have yet their Terms des droits de Bordage of provisions which Tenants were obliged to furnish for the Kings Houshold, and their grand Pro∣vost de l' hostel Lord Steward of the Kings house, met priz et taxe a pain vin viandes foin et avoine, had in the year 1654▪ power to rate the prices of wine, victuals, hay, provender, and all things appertaining to the pro∣vision of the Kings House.
And were wont to be very wary in parting with Re∣galities, have by any ill advice turned away the honour of hospitality, and that magnificence and good which ariseth thereby to their Kings and Princes, and put their Court to board-wages, which falling short, or coming
to be ill paid or long forborn will but starve the House∣shold, and so keen the appetite and projects of the Court when they shall be every day pursued by their own necessities, and put in mind to make what shift they can for themselves, as that Nation which is already over-spread with Taxes as with a Garment, may in due time, if they doe it not already, easily acknowledge the difference betwixt this Kingdome and its just Laws and Liberties, and the present mode or fashion of that which by departing from their antient and better Laws and Constitutions▪ is now for the most part cut into Tallages and Commands in warre, Titles and Out∣sides of honor, and Offices granted not to the deser∣ver, but the best Chapman, and betwixt making Pourveyance for the Kings Houshold, and necessa∣ries to support his Regalities, and paying as many kinds of Gabels and Impositions instead of it, as there be weeks in the year, and the rich and plentifull li∣ving of our English Yeomen, Francklins and Farmers, and their Paysants whose hardship and beggerly way of living makes them to be but as Slaves to their Gentry and Nobility. And the dependencie of the Noblesse, or the Nobility and Gentry upon the King for charges and places, making them so little able to want or be without their Trade of warre, as if there be no forreign warres, they doe commonly make it out in rebellions and com∣bustions amongst themselves, which bringing a large addition to the ordinary burdens of the Paisants or Countrymen, renders them ever unable to purchase themselves some freedome or exemption of Taxes, by getting themselves to be made Gentlemen, and taking share in the fortune and ravage of warre; and that be∣ing
not to be compassed, are to live as well contented as they may in being their drudges, and to take it for a happiness to make some of their children to be their La∣cquies or Jack Puddings, very fine for a little time of every year, when their fantasticall Apish clothes are new▪ but in rags, foul and lowsie linnen, and vices, all the year after.
And that the custome and usage of Pourveyance, and the smaller trouble & charge thereof, will be much bet∣ter which being by the light of nature & irradiations of wisdom and right reason, not only confined to the Jews, Graecians, Romans and Europe, hath diffused and spread it self to the Mahumetans, and the more remote Heathen, as may appear by good Authors and Writers of their Customes and usages, and by our Ambassadours sent from hence in the behalf of our Merchants as the learned and greatly experienced Sir Thomas Roe, besides many Sea Captains, Navigators and Traders into the farther parts of the World, as Captain Hawkins▪ Sir John Davis, Mr. Methwold, Captain Saris, Captain Whittington, Mr. Courtop, Mr. Peyton and others, and of some French and Venetians trading into the East and West Indies, Tartary, and other farre distant places, whose written relations in their adventurous discoveries of most of the habitable parts of the earth, and search after Trade and Commerce, were very carefully col∣lected by Mr. Samuel Purchas
For in that great extent of Kingdoms and Provinces belonging to the Grand Signior or Emperor of Turkie, there comes yearly to the Ottoman Port from Egypt great store of of Dates, Prunes and other dried plums of divers sorts, which the Cooks doe use in their dres∣sing
of meat, great quantities of honey from Valachia, Transilvania and Moldavia, which are presented to the Grand Signior, and oyl (of which there is an unspeaka∣ble consumption made) brought from Modon and Coron in Graecia, the Saniack Begh of that Province, being bound to see the Port sufficiently served therewith. The Butter (of which there is also spent a great quantity in that it is much used in most of their meats) comes out of the Black sea from Mogdania, and from Caffa in great Oxe and Buffale hides, and fruits of all sorts are daily brought for Presents.
In the great Empire of Persia there are urbes complures alimenta donantes, una panem, altera ova,(a) 1.74 alia obsonia sup∣peditant, many Cities which have several assignations for furnishing provisions for the King and his publick uses, and the Subjects do over & above other great Tributes, pay other things towards the maintenance of the King, as those of Armenia, Horses, Babilonia, four moneths victuals, the rest of Asia eight, and other Regions their particular commodities, and some of his Guard receive no money but victuals for their wages.
The antient more Eastern or Cathaian Tartars doe daily from October to March send unto their great Chan great store of cattel. And on his Birth-day great Pre∣sents; and it is the custom of those which bring Presents unto him at New-years tide (which the Rulers and Go∣vernors of Provinces never fail to do;) or at other times of the year to present nine times nine of gold and hor∣ses, and of all that they bring, so as sometimes he hath at once one hundred thousand horses; and when he hath any use of his Dukes, whom they call Morscis or Divoi∣morscis, they are bound to come & bring with them their
Souldiers to a certain number, every man with his two horses at the least, the one to ride on, and the other to kill when it cometh to his turn to have his horse eaten. And the Governors of Countries and Provinces doe send the best of the wild beasts, which the Hunters take as Stags, Boares, &c. unto the Emperor in Wains or Ships many daies journey, and if farre distant, the skins only to make armour.
In China, and the vast Provinces thereunto belong∣ing, where they think they have a Monopoly of wit and bragging of their two eyes, would not willingly al∣low the Europeans any more then one, every house not priviledged, payes a Tribute towards the expences of the Kings Houshold, and the great numbers of the Roy∣all Line, which (in a Country where Polygamy is allow∣ed, are many thousands,) are all maintained at the pub∣lick charge, every man payes a Tribute for his person, lands and trees, and all that he hath: Every Province yearly sends its Legates or Deputies; and all his kindred bring Presents unto him, in so much as ten thousand Vessels in a year are imployed by water to car∣ry Tributes and provision for the Kings Houshold, and all dainties and things of worth or value presented to him for the service of him and his house.
The greatest part of the King of Fez his Tribute is paid in corn, cattel, oyl and butter.
In Guinea the King hath a Custome of fish which is sent by his Slaves every morning to his house. And the Prete or Emperor of Ethiopia hath of that King be∣sides gold an yearly Tribute of three thousand five hun∣dred M••les, and three hundred Horses.
And it is a custom in the East-Indies near the Portugals
Dominions, that when any Vice-Roy cometh newly o∣ver all the Kings bordering upon Goa which have peace and friendship with the Portugals, do send their Embas∣sadors unto him to confirm their Leagues with great and rich Presents, which do amount unto a great mass of treasure.
In the Province of Goa, as appears by the confirmati∣on of their Customs by (b) 1.75 John King of Portugal in the year 1526. and that which is now continued and in use amongst them under the government of the Portuguez, at what time soever the chief Master of the Ports with the Clerks or Clerk of his charge together, or any one of himself shall goe to the Island about matters concer∣ning the Kings affairs, or any one whom they shall send to the Island, or to the Towns of the same, they are to give them their meat according to their use and cu∣stome: and also to the Kings Factor or Officer of that Office, when they shall goe thither to provide in any matters concerning the Kings Affairs; or the Towns of the Island, and whatsoever footman shall go of any mes∣sage pertaining to the Kings service, or the recovery of any of his Rents they shall give him every day, that he shall be there without dispatching two measures of Rice for his meat, or one Leal (a piece of money of the value of our three farthings) to buy Betre, which is an herb that they do use to eat, and out of their Trade or Cu∣stomes do pay one per cent. for provision of Fortresses.
In the Kingdom of Barnagasso the King hath besides Silks and Cloth of Gold, and other precious things for Tribute, Horses, and payeth himself 150. Horses to Pretious, or Prete John Emperor of Ethiopia, of whom he holdeth.
The Kingdom of Oghy, besides a Tribute of Gold and Silver, sendeth him yearly a thousand Beeves.
In Ethiopia the Prete or Emperor upon the coming or returning of Embassadors, gives order to his Sub∣jects or Vassals to furnish them with provisions for their Journey, and not long agoe commanded one to whom he had but a little before given a little Lordship, con∣taining not above 80. Houses and two Churches to fur∣nish an Embassador with five hundred Loads of Corn, a hundred Oxen, and a hundred Sheep.
The Gozagues do yearly pay to their King, besides great quantities of Gold and Silver, a thousand Beeves alive.
The Maldives do yearly pay unto their King the fifth part of the grains which they sowe, and give him a Portion of their Coco's and Limmons; and besides their Taxes compound also for fruits and honey.
The Princes and great men in (c) 1.76 Japan do contend who shall give most to the Caesar, and almost impoverish themselves by their Presents: All the houses in the City of the Kings Residence are by the King taxed to∣wards the making of Fortresses.
In Firando in Japan, when any forraign Merchants are by the King invited to see Playes and publick Shows, they send Presents to him, and every forraign Merchant that comes thither, may not sell his goods untill he hath carried a Present to the Emperor. And when any of the Kings white Elephants are brought unto him, the Merchants in the City are commanded to come and see him, and bring every one a Present of half a Ducat, which altogether amounteth to a great sum of money.
In Industan when the Mogol goeth abroad, or in pro∣gress, euery one (saith Sir Thomas Roe) by whose house he passeth is to make him a Present, Sir Thomas Roe him∣self doing it when the King or Mogol rode to the River of Darbadath. All the Persian Merchants doe bring their goods first to the Mogol, who buyes what he pleaseth, and after his Officers have set the rate they may sell to whom they will. All men strive to present him with all things rich and rare, and no man petitioneth him for any thing empty-handed, and thereby come to prefer∣ment, some giving him one hundred thousand pounds in Jewels at a time.
The King of Achen commands those of Tecoo to bring thither their Pepper, which none may buy but he, and puts off his Surat commodities in truck to them at what rates he pleaseth, and oftimes sends his commodities to Priaman and Tecoo, enforcing them to buy them at his own rates, none being suffered to buy or sell before he hath vented his own.
At Bantam the Governor or Protector so called u∣seth to send in the Kings name to the people to serve him with sacks of Pepper, some a hundred, some fifty, some ten, some five at the Kings price, which was a Riall less in a Sack then the Merchants paid: Divers bring Presents of Rice and Cashes, and some bring imbroi∣dered cloth for the Kings wearing.
Nor were the more civilized part of the Heathen on∣ly accustomed to the way of Pourveyance or bringing provisions or presents to their Kings and Princes, but the wild and savage part of them were by the Lawes of nature, and glimmerings of the light of reason, taught to doe it.
In Mexico in the West-Indies, and its large Domini∣ons under the Emperor Montezeuma, containing 100 Cities and their Provinces, the people did pay a certain yearly Tribute to the King for water brought by pipes into the City: Those that hold lands did yearly pay unto him one third part of their fruit and commo∣dities which they had or did reap, as gold, silver, stones, dogs, hens, fouls, conies, salt, wax, honey, mantels, fea∣thers, cotton, and a certain fruit called C••cao, which they there used for money; also all kinds of grain, Garden-herbs and fruits: Some Towns paid 400 burdens of white Mantles, others great Tropes of wood full of Maiz, Fri∣••oles, &c. some four hundred burdens of wood, others four hundred planks of Timber; some, every six moneths brought four hundred burdens of Cotton-wool, and others, two thousand loads of Salt, two hundred pots of Honey, twenty Xacaras of Gold in powder, and some a Truss of Turkie stones, and paid besides the King of Alzopuzalco a Tribute of Firre and Willow-trees towards the building of a City.
Divers Provinces are bound to provide fire-wood for the Kings house amounting unto two hundred and thirty weight a day, which was five hundred mens bur∣dens, & for the Kings particular Chimnies they brought the Bark of the Oak.
The Incas or Indian Kings before the coming of their unlucky loving friends the Spaniards had their Tributes yearly brought unto the Court, and when any work was to be done, or any thing to be furnished for the Incas, the Officers knew presently how much every Province, Town and Family ought to provide, and by their Re∣gisters strings and knots, knew what every one was to
pay even to a hen or burden of wood.
And as Inea Garzilasco de la Vega a Native of Cozco, relates in his book of the antient customes of those Countries, did amongst other Tributes make and fur∣nish clothes and Arms to be used in warr.
In Virginia the Weroances under-Lords or petty Kings did hold their lands, habitations and limits to Fish, Foul or Hunt, of their soveraign, King Powhatan to whom they pay Tributes of Skins, Beads, Copper, Pearl, Dear, Turkies wild Beasts and Corn.
And in all Savage Countries the English Merchants and Navigators, as Mr. Edward Winslow, a man after∣wards too well known amongst the plundering and mis∣taken godly at Haberdashers Hall, hath related, at his return from thence doe make presents to the Savage Kings,
In New-England the Sachims or Lords are subject to one Sachim, to whom they resort for protection, and pay homage; neither may any make warre without their privity; every Sachim knoweth the bounds and limits of his Country, and that is as his proper Inheri∣tance and out of that, if any of his men desire Land to set their corn, he giveth them as much as they can use, and puts them in their bounds. Whosoever hunt∣eth, or killeth any venison (which is there much of their food) he bringeth him his Fee, which is the fourth part of the same, if it be killed on the Land, but if in the water, then the skin thereof. Once a year the people are provoked by the Pinieses, Knights or Councellors of the Sachims to bestow much corn on the Sachim, who bring him thereupon many Baskets of corn and make a great Stack thereof.
In Florida, where they all goe naked, and doe but
litle exceed the beasts of the field in understanding, and want the wit of most part of the Nations of the world to cover their nakedness, they can notwithstanding crowd in amongst them and subscribe to that rule and part of right reason in making retributions and acknow∣ledgements to their Kings or Governors for self-preser∣vation; so as a Lord of that Country brought the Go∣vernour of the Plantation, which was made there, two Deer skins, and in one Town they made him a present of 700 wild hens, and in other Towns sent him those which they had or could get.
A Ca••ique at Panico near Florida and his men, as their manner is, weeping in token of obedience, made the Governor a Present of much Fish.
And this custom of Pourveyance and gratefull ac∣knowledgments, being thus diffused and to be found a∣mongst the farre greater part of all the Nations of the world, we may well conclude it to be almost as universal as the use of Beds, Phisick, Horses and Shooes, or the cu∣stome of washing of hands, and so generally, as if the Sun had in his journies been imployed by God Almighty, the Author of all Wisdome and Goodness, to scatter and in∣fuse it with his light into the minds and understandings of mankind.
And that those few places or parts of the world which have not that custome, because their Kings are their Peoples Heirs, take what part of their Estates they please, and govern by an Arbitary power, may when they arrive to a better understanding acknowledge and bewaile the want of it.
And that from these and the like customes of real and willing obedience, love to their Princes and their
honor and dignity, in which their native Countries and themselves did pertake and had so great a share, came those great and marvailous publick works.
As the Piramides of Egypt, the Obelisk cut by Semi∣ramis out of the mountains, the Pensil Gardens made by Nebuchadonosor, the costly and most magnificent Tem∣ple of Solomon, which was seven years in building by one hundred eighty three thousand six hundred men im∣ployed therein, the second Temple at Jerusalem which was 8 years in building, and 10000 workmen at a time working upon it, a part of the River Euphrates cut and brought into Tigris, Ninive built and walled 480 fur∣longs about and 10000 workmen at a time imployed.
The stupendious and great Wall of 40 leagues in length built in China; the Picts Wall as yet a wonder in its ruines and remains, built betwixt some part of Eng∣land and Scotland of 80 miles in length, by Adrian the Emperor; and another in or near the same place by the Emperor Severus, Grahams Dike in Scotland built by Caraus••us; the Vallum Barbaricum, a great Wall or Trench made by the Emperor Julian in Ger∣many to defend it against the incursions of the Barba∣rians; the four great High-wayes or Roads in England called Watlingstreet, the Fosse, Erminstreet and Iknel∣street, leading to the four Quarters or several parts of the Kingdome; the Aquaeducts stately Buildings Palaces, Castles and Forts, and many other publick works built by the Romans, and the greatest part of the Nations of the World, serving to beautifie and adorn as well as strengthen it, which could never have been made or done by the greedy rates of work∣men, or the extremities or hire of the utmost farthing.
And hence it will be now time to imbark for old Eng∣land and our British Isles, the more antient habitation of the Britains.
Genesis 43.24. & 26.
1 Sam. 25. 2 Sam. 8.
2 Sam. 1.17
1 Reg. 4▪21, 22, 23.
1 Reg. 10.24, 25.
Josephus de 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Jud. lib. 8.
2 Reg. 3.
Chron. 16.
Ezekiel 45. & 48.
Nehemiah 5.18.
Hom. Iliad.
Boemus de moribus Gen∣tium.
Sigonius d•• Repub. Athen. 540. & 541. Eudaeus in Pandect. 192.
App••an. l. 1.
Rasinus de antiquitate Rom. 993.
Pancirollus Comment in no∣titiam imperii occidentis, ca. 5.
Rosinus de Antiqu••tat. Rom ca. 14.24. & lib. 10. c. 22.
Annotati∣ons upon Taci∣tus.
L. Julia de Magistratibus.
Cod. tit. de cursu publico Ant. Thisius de celebero Rep••b.
Pancirol. in no••itiā utrius{que} Imperii ca. 6.
Maranta spe∣culum aureum parte 6. de ex∣ecutione senten∣tiae.
Bart. in l. ju∣bemus u•• nullam navem 1•• in princip.
Novel. Ma∣joran. tit. 1. de Curialibus.
Cujat. tit. 48. ad librum 10. Cod. Justinian. 1429.
Cujacius Com∣mentar & Ex∣positio Novel. tit. 63.
Pancirollus Comment. in no∣titi••m Imperii occidentis c. 65.
Zenopbon. lib. 8. Paidiae.
Pancirollus in ••otitia Impe∣rii orientis.
Spartianus cap. 6. in Seve∣••o.
Pancirollus Comment. in no∣titiam Imperii orient. 86.
LL. Wisigoth▪ lib. 9. tit. 6.
LL. Wisi∣goth lib. 2. tit. 9.
Cassiodorus variarum l. 12.
Ibidem. lib. 11.
Leg. Jul. de Annon. Cujacius Paratitl. in lib. Cod. Justiniani
C. de An∣non. & Tribut. veg••tius
Lib. 1. tit. de Annon. & Tribut.
Cujacius in lib. 1 Cod. Ju∣st••niani 52.
Ridleys view of the Civil and Ecclesia∣sticall Lawes.
Cod. Th. & Justinian. lib. 12. & Cuja••ius.
Bignonius Not. in lib. 1. Marculfi 465.
Capitl. lib. 4. cap. 72.
Bi••n••nius Not. in Mar∣cul••um.
Capitl. Ca••. M. lib. 3. c. 1.39·
Hinckmarus Ep. 3. c. 23.
Hottoman Franco Gali••a.
Bignonius Not. in 1. lib. Marculsi 447. & 448.
Vincentius Lupa••us de Ma∣gistrat. Franciae lib. 1.
Otho Frifin∣ge••siis de gistis Friderici lib. 2. ca· 12.
Botmus de mo••ibus Genti∣um.
LL Ripuar.
LL. Lom∣bard. 3. tit. 2 Imperator Caro∣tas.
Martinus Cremerus de Regn•• Poloniae.
Boemus de moribus G••n∣tium.
Mosconiae T••pograph.
Thu••••us. lib. 69.
Fletchers Hi∣story of Russia.
S••gethus de Principatibus Italiae.
Leges Hungariae 537. Decret. P••ssonien. Anno 1••66. A••tic. 14. & Decret. Po∣sonien An. 1600. Artic. 13▪
Messenius de Legibus Sueco∣rum Gothorum, lib. 2.53.
Julius Fe••re∣••us de re & dis∣ciplina militari 137. Sect. 155. & 157.
Alber de Rosa in l. jubennis c. de sacrosanct. Ecclesia.
Ferettus de dis∣ciplina militari 137.
L. 3. sect. in eos mil••es D. de muneribus.
Mariana de redditibus Hi∣spaniae.
Mariana, ibid.
Johannes Co••o∣nicus Syno••fis de Repub. Ven••t.
Ja. Howells Survey of the City of Venice & Contarenus de Repub. Ve∣net.
Contarenus de Repub. Venet.
Philippus Caesi∣us a Zesen de Leone Belgi••o 186. & 226.
Vulteius num. 7. Otto Or••••∣gensis de jure publico Imperii Romani.
Brissonius de regno Persiae, lib. 1.
Tractat. Don Duarte de Me∣neses.
Varennius lib. 10. de regno Japan.