The political anatomy of Ireland with the establishment for that kingdom when the late Duke of Ormond was Lord Lieutenant ... : to which is added Verbum sapienti, or, An account of the wealth and expences of England, and the method of raising taxes in the most equal manner ... / by Sir William Petty ...

Concerning the Late Rebellion.

THE number of the People being now Anno 1672 about 1100,000. and Anno 1652. about 850 M. because I conceive that 80 M. of them have in 20 years encreased by Generation 70 M. by return of banish∣ed and expelled English; as also by the ac∣cess of new ones, 80 M. of New Scots, and 20 M. of returned Irish, being all 250 M.

Now if it could be known what number of people were in Ireland, Ann. 1641. then the difference between the said number, and 850, adding unto it the encrease by Genera∣tion, in 11 years will shew the destructi∣on of people made by the Wars, viz. by the Sword, Plague, and Famine occasioned thereby.

I find, by comparing superfluous and spare Oxen, Sheep, Butter and Beef, that

there was exported above ⅓ more Ann. 1664. than in 1641. which shews there were ⅓ more of people, viz. 1466,000; Out of which Sum take what were left Ann. 1652. there will remain 616,000. destroyed by the Rebellion.

Whereas the present proportion of the British is as 3 to 11; But before the Wars the proportion was less, viz. as 2 to 11. and then it follows that the number of British slain in 11 years was 112 thousand Souls; of which I guess ⅔ to have perished by War, Plague and Famine. So as it follows that 37,000 were massacred in the first year of Tumults: So as those who think 154,000 were so destroyed, ought to review the grounds of their Opinion.

It follows also, that about 504 M. of the Irish perished, and were wasted by the Sword, Plague, Famine, Hardship and Ba∣nishment, between the 23 of October 1641. and the same day 1652.

Wherefore those who say, That not ⅙ of them remained at the end of the Wars, must also review their opinions; there being by this Computation near ⅔ of them; which Opinion I also submit.

There were transported of them into Spain, Flanders, France, 34,000 Soldiers; and of Boys, Women, Priests, &c. no less than 6000 more, where not half are returned.	40,000.
If Ireland had continued in peace for the said 11 years, then the 1466 M. had increased by Generation in that time to 73 M. more, making in all 1539, which were by the said Wars brought Anno 1652, to 850, viz. 689 M. for whose Blood some body should answer both to God and the King.	M. 689

Anno 1650. there were before the great Plague, above one Million of People, viz. 2½ more than in London Anno 1665. But in that year there died in London by account 97,000 people, but really were 110 M.

Wherefore, if the Plague was no hotter in Ireland than in Eng∣land, there must have died in Ire∣land 275 M. But 1300 dying in a Week in Dublin, the Plague of London was but ⅔ as hot; Where∣fore there died in Ireland

M. 450

So as substracting 412 M. 500 dying of the Plague, and 37 Massacred English, it follows that 167 M. died in 11 years by the Sword and Famine, and other Hard∣ships. Which I think not incredible; for supposing ½ the Number, viz. 87 M. died in 11 years, of Famine and Cold, Trans∣portation to Spain and Barbadoes, &c. it is not hard to believe, that the other 87 M. perished by the Sword, when the British had Armies of near 40 M. Men, and the I∣rish of near double, sometimes on Foot.

Ann. 1653. Debentures were freely and openly sold for 4 s. and 5 s. per l. And 20 s. of Debenture, one place with another, did pur∣chase two Acres of Land; at which rate all the Land of Ire∣land, if it were 8 Millions of pro∣fitable Acres, might have been had for a Million of Money, which Ann. 1641. was worth a∣bove 8 Millions	M. 1.

The Cattel and Stock which Ann. 1641. was worth above 4 Millions, reckoning one Beef of 20 s. value, or the Equivalent in other Stock to two Acres; but Ann. 1652. the people of Dublin fetch'd Meat from Wales, there being none here, and the whole Cattel of Ireland not worth

l. 500,000

Corn was then at 50 s. per Barrel, which is now, and 1641. under 12.

The Houses of Ireland, Ann. 1641. was worth 2½ Millions; but Ann. 1652. not worth ⅓ of the same	l. 500,000
The value of people, Men, Women and Children in Eng∣land, some have computed to be 70 l. per Head, one with another. But if you value the people who have been destroyed in Ireland, as Slaves and Negroes are usually rated, viz. at about 15 l. one with another; Men being sold for 25 l. and Children 5 l. each; the value of the people lost will be a∣bout	10,355,000

The Forces kept on Foot by all Parties for the said 11 years, were at least 80,000 Horse and Foot (for even Ann. 1652. the English were 35,000 and 34,000 Irish transpor∣ted) the Charge whereof, Train of Artillery, and General Offi∣cers included, cannot be less than 15 l. per Head per Ann. which for 11 years comes to 13 Millions and 200 M. l.	13,200,000
The superlucration above ex∣pressed, of all which adult Men (among which were no Women nor Children) cannot be reckoned at less than 5 l. per Head, or ⅓ of the last mentioned Sum, viz.	M. 4,400,000

Wherefore the effects of the Rebellion were these in pecuniary value, viz.

By loss of people	10,335,000
By loss of their superlucration of Soldiers	4,400,000
By the superlucration of the people lost, at 10 l. per Head for the whole 11 years, deducting 80 M. Soldiers	6,000,000
By impairing of the worth of Lands	11,000,000

Of the Stock	3,500,000
Of the Housing	2,000,000
	37,255,000

And the 20 years Rent of all the Lands forfeited, by reason of the said Rebellion, viz. since the year 1652, to 1673. hath not fully defray'd the Charge of the English Army in Ireland for the said time; nor doth the said Rents at this day do the same with ½ as much more, or above 100 M. l. per An. more

And the Adventurers after 10 years be∣ing out of their Principal Money, which now ought to be double by its Interest, they sold their Adventures for under 10 s. per l. Ann. 1652. in open and free Market.

The Number of Landed Irish-Papists, or Freeholders before the Wars, was about 3000; whereof, as appears by 800 Judg∣ments of the Court of Claims, which fate Ann. 1663. upon the Innocence and Effects of the Irish, there were not above 1/7 part or 400 guilty of the Rebellion, unto each of whom I allow 20 Followers, which would have made up an Army of 8000: But by the 49 Officers account, the British Army be∣fore 1649. must have been about 40 M. men; upon whom the said 8000 Nocent Irish so

prevail'd, as that the Peace ended in the Ar∣t••cles of 1648. By which the Irish were made at least equal Partners with His Maje∣sty in the Government of Ireland; which sheweth, that the Irish were men of admi∣rable Success and Courage: Unless we should rather think, that the said Court of Claims were abused by their Perjuries and Forgeries, which one would think, that a Nation, who caus'd the destruction of so many thousand Lives, for the sake of God and Religion, should not be so guilty of.

The Estates of the Irish before the Wars, was double to that of the English; but the number and natural force of the Irish quin∣tuple to that of the English.

The Cause of the War was a desire of the Romists, to recover the Church-Reve∣nue, worth about 110 M. l. per Ann. and of the Common Irish, to get all the English∣mens Estates; and of the 10 or 12 Grandees of Ireland, to get the Empire of the whole. But upon the playing of this Game or Match upon so great odds, the English won and have (among, and besides other Pretences) a Gamester's Right at least to their Estates. But as for the Bloodshed in the Contest, God best knows who did occasion it.