Fleta minor the laws of art and nature, in knowing, judging, assaying, fining, refining and inlarging the bodies of confin'd metals : in two parts : the first contains assays of Lazarus Erckern, chief prover, or assay-master general of the empire of Germany, in V. books, orinally written by him in the Teutonick language and now translated into English ; the second contains essays on metallick words, as a dictionary to many pleasing discourses, by Sir John Pettus ... ; illustrated with 44 sculptures.

OA O OA

OARS. T. Erkes. A. and Saxons, Oar. Danes, Aare and Aaure, the L. Metallum Crudum (Skinner) for I find no single word for it, unless it be Fodina, which may be applyed to other dig'd things; but in our Patents for the Mines Royal, is writ Ewre, which sig∣nifies

a place where Water is, for Water allways attends Me∣talls, and from thence the Ewres, which was formerly made of Silver, to pour Water into Basons, is called Ewre; and from thence comes Sewer, or one that takes care for drawing of Wa∣ter, where any Land or place hath more than is necessary, but generally in our Language, we call that which is digg'd from the Bed of any Metal, Oar; as if one should say O admirablilia Rerum Metallorum, for most of our Monosyllables are but ab∣stracts of many words compacted into one, as may be seen in Sir Edward Coke's Instit. and other Learned Etymologers; also we usually call those Oares wherewith Watermen Row their Boats, aluding to the pains and labour which is used with the Arms in both Professions, by Digging and Rowing; there is also Leim∣ster-Oar, of which I have spoke, under the word Flocks: but of the Metallick Oars, there are as many sorts of them, as there are Metalls: yet I find but four Latine Words, and those compounded; viz. Balluca, for Gold Oar: Pomphilix, for Copper or Brass Oar: Stricturae, for Iron Oar: and Plumbago, for Lead Oar (Holliack) and therefore Erckern sometimes calls the Products of Metalls, from the Mines Erks and Oars, and sometimes Stones, Goldt-stein, for Gold Erk or Oar: Silver-stein, for Silver Erk or Oar: Kupfer-stein for Copper Erk or Oar: Bley-stein for Lead Erk or Oar: Zein-stein for Tin Erk or Oar: Speiz-stein, for Quick-silver Erk or Oar: Ein-stein, for Iron Erk or Oar: Slack-stein, for Steel Erk or Oar: But I conceive, that when he useth the word ERK, it signifies the OAR joyned with the Excrement, and when STEIN, it signifies the intire Metal, separate from the first crude and heavy Matter: Now the Names that he gives for distinction of OARS are these (as they are variously dispers∣ed in his V. Books) viz. Blent Oar, Cat-silver Oar, Cobolt Oar, Copper and Coppery Oar, Crude Oar, Fleaky or Flacky Oar, Float Oar, Fresh Oars, Glassy Oars, Glittering, Glistering and Glimmering Oars, Gold and Goldish Oars; also white, red, brown, Goldish Oars; Grey Flints, called Iron-man-Oars and gross

Oars; horny, hard, harsh Oars, Lazure Oars, Leadish or Lead Oars; mild and muddy Oars, Slate-stone Oars, Silver, silvery, spady, sparkling, spelter, spizy and sulphury Oars; also Talk, Tin∣ny Oars, Washt and Wolferan Oars; and many others, which are dispersed in several parts of his V. Books: and some of them discoursed of here also, in their Alphabetical order; es∣pecially where we retain the same Apellations for the like Oars, to which the Reader is referred.

ORANGE. Orpiment. See Colours.

OVEN. T. Offen. L. Furnax, and the same words are used for Furnaces; but Kilns, which are a kind of Ovens, are called T. Calk and L. Calcaria and Furnax: of the several sorts of these, you may see in the Sculptures, in their proper pages: viz. the Athanor in page 2: 123. 161. 172. 177. 185. 207. a Wind Furnace, p. 2. 56. 200. an open Furnace, p. 2. an Assay-Oven, used by the ancient Refiners, p. 13. an Assay-Oven, used by the Norimbergers, p. 13. an Assay-Oven made of Tiles, p. 13. 235. an Assay-Oven made of Potters-Loam. p. 13. 235. an Assay-Oven made of Armour Plates; p. 13. 153. a Granulating Kiln, p. 56. an Oven to burn Sil∣ver, p. 80. a Roasting Oven, p. 112. the By or Side Ovens, p. 123. 161. 172. 177. 185. Oven for Retorts, p. 177. a melting Oven for Copper Oars, p. 248. and others. Now for your assistance in the more fully knowing of these Furnaces, you may read Dr. Salmon's 5th Book of the New London Di∣spensatory; which I have formerly cited, where from p. 821. to p. 828. he makes 17 several Furnaces for several uses, and each of them may also be varied, according to the Ingenuity of the Artist.

OUNCE. See Weights.

OUTLANDISH. T. Eintrembbling-Auszleanger, L. Extranens, Aliegena, Exoticus, which A. terms Strangers, A∣liens or Forraigners; all intending those who are not of the same Country, and those the Jews called Heathens, and the Greeks (according to Plautus) Barbarians. See Metallick Countrys.

OX T. Oches, Rind and Rund. L. Bos and Teriones,

quafi terra terat (Minshaw) we call a gelt Bull, a Steir or Runt; but the Germans call a Bull ungelt, a Steer; and the Lat▪ have also a Distinct name, Taurus: and A. properly a Bull: so the Ox hath three names, viz. Ox, Steer and Bullock, and these are of the greatest size, and it is called Bullock, or more properly Bullack, because it lacks something which it should have: the lesser sort are called Runts (according to the Teutonick word) viz. Welsh or Scotch Runts, these and the females of this kind have several other names, as Beeves, Cows, Neat, &c. in which the metallick Art hath little to do, but with their Blood, Bones, Dung and Tallow, which are employed for several uses about Metals▪ and their meat for the sustinance of the Artists. See Blood, Bones, Dung, Tallow.

OYL, T. Oele, L. Oleum, and Linseed oyle, T. Lein-sa∣men, L. Linarus: Which is no other with us than the seed of Flax, which in other Languages is Line or Linnen: but for the Oyl of Linseed it is well known to all that do paint with oyl, that it hath this Quality, that though it be liquid like other oyls, yet is of a more drying nature than any other Oyl, and therefore the more fit for Metallick Lutings, &c. lib. 2. cap. 27. sect. 53.