The compleat herbal of physical plants containing all such English and foreign herbs, shrubs and trees as are used in physick and surgery ... : the doses or quantities of such as are prescribed by the London-physicians and others are proportioned : also directions for making compound-waters, syrups simple and compound, electuaries ... : moreover the gums, balsams, oyls, juices, and the like, which are sold by apothecaries and druggists are added to this herbal, and their irtues and uses are fully described / by John Pechey ...

THE Exotick or Foreign PHYSICAL PLANTS.

AC

ACacia.

It grows in Egypt.

The Juice of it press'd from the Cods, be∣fore they are ripe, or from the Flowers or Leaves, is used to strengthen the Eyes, and to take off the Inflam∣mation of them; and to cure Ulcers of the Mouth and Ears; and for Chaps of the Lips. The Juice re∣duc'd to a Powder, after it has been wash'd in a Decoction made with the Juice, or the Leaves or Flowers, and sprinkl'd on the Gums, and rub'd on the Teeth, fixes the Teeth when they are loose. A Dram of it dissolv'd in some Liquor, and taken every morning, stops all Fluxes of Blood. Many Women that have been almost destroy'd by an immoderate Flux of their Courses, have been cured by it. Clysters made of the Decoction of the Leaves and Flowers, and injected into the Womb, are used for the same purpose: As is also the Juice powder'd, and dissolv'd in Decoctions, and used in the same man∣ner. In Fluxes of the Belly are often used Cly∣sters, made in the same manner: And the Juice is frequently taken inwardly. A Decoction made of the Leaves and Flowers, and the Juice dissolv'd in it, is

excellent for the Falling of the Womb, and Anus. A Fomentation made of the Juice, Leaves and Flowers, is very good for Weakness of the Limbs, and for Flu∣xions Swellings and Inflam∣mations of the Joints. Some make a Liniment of Vine∣gar and the Juice of it, which strengthens wonder∣fully the Joints when they are weak. The Juice pow∣der'd, and well wash'd with Water, cures obsti∣nate Ulcers of the Privy Parts, and of other weak Parts. The Decoction is also used to dry Pocky Pu∣stules; but then Guiacum is mix'd with it. The Pow∣der and Decoction of it are used for the Breaking out of Children's Heads. An∣cient and Modern Physi∣cians all agree, that Acacia is very astringent; and by that Means it does what it does.

Agarick, in Latin Aga∣ricus.

'Tis a white Fun∣gous, or Mushroom, that grows on the Larix-tree. The White, Light, and Brittle is the best.

It purges Flegm and Choler. 'Tis used for the Jaundice, and for those that are Short-breath'd; and also in the Stone of the Kidnies, in Difficulty of U∣rine, and for Mother-fits; the Falling-sickness, and for the Hip-Gout. It also pro∣vokes the Courses; where∣fore Women with Child ought not to take it. 'Tis given in Substance, from one Dram, to two Drams; and in Infusion, from two Drams to five. But the Troches of it are most com∣monly used, and are made in the following manner: Take of Agarick powder'd and sifted three Ounces; infuse it with two Drams of Ginger, in a sufficient quantity of White-wine; and make Troches: The Dose is one Dram. The Pills, in the London-Dispen∣satory, of Agarick, are made in the following manner: Take of Agarick three Drams; of our Sky-co∣lour'd Orris-roots, Mastick, Hore-hound, each one Dram; Turbith five Drams, Species Hiera Picra half an Ounce, Coloquintida and Sarcocol, of each two

Drams; Myrrh one Dram, of Sapa as much as is suffi∣cient to make a Mass.

Note, Sapa is Wine boyl'd till two Thirds of it are consum'd. Half a Dram of this Pill is a suffi∣cient Dose: 'Tis used to purge the Breast, and to carry off Flegm. The Pill De Hiera cum Agarico is made in the following man∣ner: Take of the Species of Hiera Picra, and of A∣garick, each half an Ounce; of the best Aloes half an Ounce; of Hony of Roses a sufficient quantity to make a Mass: A Scruple, or a Scruple and an half may be taken at a time, made into four or six Pills. 'Tis good for Shortness of Breath, and Obstructions of the Lungs, and to pro∣voke the Courses, and for Mother-fits, and in Me∣lancholy Diseases, and to purge Flegm and Choler, and to open Obstructions of the Liver or Spleen, and for Diseases of the Head; but the use of them must be continu'd for the space of eight or ten Days. You may take them at Bed-time, if you eat no Supper. They are easie in their O∣peration. Agarick is either Male, or Female; the Male is not used. It comes from Agaria, a Region of Sar∣matia; and from thence it takes its Name. It grows also in Dauphiné in France; but the best comes from the Tridentine Woods. It grows in many other pla∣ces.

Agnus Castus, or The Chaste Tree.

The Athenian Matrons, when they at∣tended on the Divine My∣steries of Ceres, used to lie on the Leaves of this Tree, to keep them chaste. The Seed of it, by reason of the Likeness, is called by some Eunuch's-Pepper. It sup∣presses Nocturnal Imagi∣nations of Venery, and cures the Incontinency of Seed. The Fruit of it re∣lieves those that are bitten by Serpents; and is good for those that are troubled with the Spleen and Drop∣sie. It increases Milk, and provokes Urine, and the Courses. Take of the Con∣serve of Agnus Castus, of the Flowers of Water-Lilly and Violets, each half an Ounce;

of Conserve of Red Roses half an Ounce, of the Stalks of Lettice candied one Ounce, of Prepar'd Coral two Drams; with Syrup of Violets, and of Water-Lillies, make an Opiat. This is used in the Uterine Fury. Give the quantity of a Nutmeg, Morning and Evening.

Alcali.

Every pure Salt is so called, that is without an Acid. 'Tis drawn from the Ashes, or the Calx of any Matter extracted by a Lee. 'Tis proper to all things, liquid and solid. The Word is deriv'd from Kaly, the Name of a Plant, with which Glass is made. It easily ferments with an Acid; and, together, they are the Cause of all Inte∣stine Motion: Nothing grows, or increases, with∣out these two. Alcali is Three-fold; viz. Volatile Alcali, which is made of Animals, viz. of Harts∣horns, of Urine, and the like. Fix'd, which is extracted from the Ashes of Plants; as, from Wormwood, Tar∣tar, and the like. Metal∣lick and Stony; for Metals and Stones ferment with an Acid Menstruum. Mix'd Alcalies are added to these; as, Nitre, Alum, the several sorts of Vitriol, Fossile, and Sea-Sealt, and the like; which participate of Alcali, and Acid.

Almond-tree, in Latin Amygdalus.

There are ma∣ny sorts of Almonds; but in Practice they are distin∣guish'd only into Bitter and Sweet. The Jordan-Al∣monds are most esteem'd amongst us; which are larger, longer and narrow∣er, rounder and thicker, than the Valentian; and of a better Taste.

Sweet Almonds nourish much, and make the Body fat. They mitigate the A∣crimony of the Humours, and increase Seed. They are good for Lean People, and for such as are Con∣sumptive. But they are chiefly used in Emulsions. Take of Sweet Almonds blanch'd number Three, of the Seeds of Melon, Let∣tice and White Poppies, each one Dram; of the Pulp of Barly three Drams;

beat them in a Marble-Mortar, and pour on them a sufficient quantity of Bar∣ly-water; to seven Ounces of the strain'd Liquor add five Drams of Diacodium; mingle them, and make an Emulsion. This is good in the Stone, and for Heat of Urine. Take of Sweet Almonds prepar'd, and in∣fus'd in Rose-water, two Ounces; of the four Great∣er Cold Seeds, of Plantain and Purslain-seeds, each one Dram; of the Seeds of Marsh-mallows and White Poppies, each one Scruple; beat them according to Art, and pour on them a suffi∣cient quantity of a Deco∣ction of Barly and Liquo∣rish; make an Emulsion for two Doses; add to each an Ounce of Syrup of Water-Lillies, of Sal Pru∣nellae half a Dram. This is good for Pleurisies, and Heat of Urine, and the like. Oyl of Almonds is good for Hoarsness, and Coughs: Take of Oyl of Almonds fresh drawn, of Syrup of Maiden-hair, each one Ounce and an half; of Sugar-candy two Drams; mix them in a Glass-Mor∣tar: Make a Linctus, to be taken often with a Liquo∣rish-stick. Oyl of Almonds is good in the Cholick: Take two Ounces of Oyl of Almonds, and one Ounce and an half of Man∣na, mix'd together in fat Chicken-broth. This re∣liev'd a Person that had the Cholick, after he had taken thirty Clysters to no pur∣pose. Oyl of Almonds is very good for the Stone in the Kidnies: Take of White-wine, and Com∣pound-water of Horse-Ra∣dish, each one Ounce and an half; of the Juice of Limon one Spoonful and an half, of Tartar vitriola∣ted one Scruple, of Oyl of Sweet Almonds one Ounce, of Syrup of Marsh-mallows two Ounces, of Nutmeg powder'd one Scruple; make a Draught to be ta∣ken hot. For the Gripes of Infants, the following Me∣dicine was prescrib'd by Dr. Lower: Take of Man∣na two Drams, dissolv'd in two Ounces of the Aqua la∣ctis alexiter; strain it, and add three Drams of Oyl of Almonds: Give half in the Morning, and the rest three

Hours after, if it do not work. Bitter Almonds are hot and dry; they attenu∣ate, open and cleanse; they are Diuretick; they open the Obstructions of the Li∣ver, Spleen, Mesentery and Womb. Outwardly used, they take off Freckles. The Oyl of Bitter Almonds is more agreeable to the Ears, than any other Oyl. The Italians eat Almonds whole, before the Stones are hard, for Second Course; and they taste very pleasantly, and are very agreeable to the Stomach. They grow in Germany, Italy, and France.

Aloes, in Latin Aloe.

There are three sorts of it, viz. Succotrine, Hepatick, and Caballine. Succotrine is so called, from the Island Succotra in India. This sort is the best of all; 'tis clear and transparent, and colour'd somewhat like the Liver. It has an Aroma∣tick Smell, like Myrrh; upon which Account it was formerly mix'd with Per∣fumes. It has a bitter, an Aromatick, and an a∣stringent Taste. 'Tis light, and yet the Substance of it is compact. Being handled in the Sun, or near the Fire, it grows soft; and when it is cold it breaks easily: Which are the Signs of the best Aloes. The Hepatick is so called, it being like the Liver in Colour and Consistence. 'Tis not so pure as the former, it is not transparent, it smells strong∣er, and tastes more bitter, and is more astringent. The Caballina is more im∣pure, sandy, and filthy; and fit only for Horses.

Aloes, besides its Purga∣tive Virtue, is hot and dry∣ing, and opens Obstructi∣ons: It purges Choler and Flegm. Aloes, contrary al∣most to all other Purging Medicines, strengthens the Stomach. But it is to be noted, That the frequent use of Aloes opens the Hae∣morrhoidal Veins; and, to be sure, it has a Faculty of opening the Orifices of the Veins: Wherefore those that are subject to Haemor∣rhages must not use it. Bartholinus mentions an Observation of one that render'd a Bloody Urine,

by taking Aloes too often. But, outwardly applied, it is very astringent. Aloes kill and expel Worms: Be∣ing mix'd with Vinegar, and the Gall of an Ox, and applied to the Navel, it does the same. It cures the Jaundice, and prevents Putrefaction. And, mix'd with Myrrh, it preserves dead Bodies a long time from Corruption. Some think the Virtue of Mum∣my proceeds wholly from the Aloes, wherewith Bodies were wont to be embalm'd. The Powder of Aloes, used outwardly, stops the Flux of the Haemorrhoidal Veins. Dissolv'd in Wine, it pre∣vents the Falling of the Hair. Mix'd with Medi∣cines for the Eyes, called Collyria, it quickens the Sight. Mix'd with Hony, it cures Ulcers of the Privy Parts, and a Fistula, and Sore Mouths and a Stink∣ing Breath. It shuts the O∣rifices of the Veins, and so stops Bleeding. Outward∣ly applied, it thickens and dries; and the Powder of it conglutinates fresh Wounds, and skins them soon. In prescribing Aloes, the following Cautions are to be observ'd. First, It is not to be given to those, whose Diseases proceed on∣ly from a simple Intempe∣ries, without Matter; for such do not want Evacua∣tion, nor a Medicine that is so drying; for, instead of Evacuation, it occasions a Consumption in such: But, on the contrary; 'tis used with very good Success in those that are of a cold and moist Constitution. Se∣condly, It ought not to be prescrib'd to Old People. Thirdly: It ought not to be used too frequently; espe∣cially, not daily, as some order it. And Fourthly, Wo∣men with Child must not take it; for it provokes the Courses powerfully. Those things which are ad∣ded for the Correction of it are, Mace, Nutmegs, Cloves, Cinnamon, Spike∣nard, Sweet-smelling Flag, Saffron, and the like. The Operation of it is quicken'd by washing it in a Deco∣ction of Rhubarb, or in an Infusion of Roses. 'Tis said, that Mastick, Traga∣canth, Bdellium, and the like, mix'd with it, pre∣vents

its opening the Ori∣fices of the Veins: Or, if it be wash'd in Endive, or Succory-water, the same may be prevented. Ma∣ny excellent Medicines of the London-Dispensatory are compounded of Aloes. The Pills called Pilulae Aggrega∣tivae are made in the follow∣ing manner: Take of Ci∣tron, Myrobolans, and Rhu∣barb, each half an Ounce; Juice of Agrimony, and Wormwood thicken'd, each two Drams; Diagridium five Drams; Agarick, Co∣loquintida and Polypodium, of each two Drams; Tur∣bith and Aloes, of each six Drams; Mastick, Red Ro∣ses, Sal Gemmae, Epithimum, Annise, Ginger, of each a Dram; with Syrup of Da∣mask-Roses, make a Mass for Pills: They purge Flegm, Choler and Melan∣choly; they are good for a foul Stomach: The Dose is half a Dram. Pilulae A∣loephanginae are made in the following manner: Take of Cinnamon, Cloves, Car∣damoms the Lesser, Nut∣megs, Mace, Sweet-smel∣ling Flag, Carpo-balsamum, or Juniper-berries, Squi∣nanth, Wood of Aloes, Yellow Sanders, Red Ro∣ses dried, Wormwood, of each half an Ounce; draw a Tincture from these, in Spirit of Wine, they being first grosly powder'd: In three Pints of this Tincture strain'd, dissolve a Pound of Aloes; then add of Ma∣stich and Myrrh powder'd; each half an Ounce; Saf∣fron two Drams, of Bal∣sam of Peru one Dram; bring it to a Mass for Pills, by evaporating the super∣fluous Moisture over Ashes, or in a Bath. These Pills are good for the Head-ach, and Giddiness of the Head: They strengthen the Brain and Stomach. Half a Dram, or a Dram, may be taken at a time. Pilu∣lae de Aloe lota are made in the following manner: Take of Aloes, dissolv'd in the Juice of Red Roses, and boyl'd up again, one Ounce; of Agarick tro∣chiscated three Drams, of Mastick two Drams, of the Species of Sweet Dia∣mosk half a Dram; with Syrup of Pale Roses make a Mass for Pills. Pilulae Aloe Rosata is made in the

following manner: Take of Succotrine-Aloes pow∣der'd four Ounces, of the Juice of Damask-Roses cla∣rified, one Pint; mingle them, digest them in the Sun, or in a Bath, till the superfluous Moisture is ex∣hal'd; repeat the Dige∣stion and Evaporation four times; make a Mass for Pills. This purges gently, cleanses the Stomach, o∣pens Obstructions, and cures the Jaundice. Half a Dram of it may be taken at Bed-time. Pilulae Cochiae minores are made in the following manner: Take of clear Aloes, of pure Scammony, and of the Pulp of Colaquintida, each one Ounce; powder them, and make a Mass with equal parts of Syrup of Worm∣wood and Syrup of Buck∣thorn; adding to it two Scruples of Oyl of Cloves. These Pills purge much: The Dose is a Scruple, or half a Dram. Pilulae Faeti∣dae are made in the follow∣ing manner: Take of A∣loes, Troches of Alhandel, Opopanax, Ammoniacum, Sagapenum, Myrrh, Seeds of Rue, Dodder, of each five Drams; Scammony three Drams, of the Roots of Turbith half an Ounce, of the Lesser Spurge pre∣par'd, and Hermodactyls, each two Drams; of Gin∣ger one Dram and an half, Spikenard, Cinnamon, Saf∣fron and Castor, each one Dram; of Euphorbium prepar'd one Scruple, of Oyl of Amber rectified half a Dram; dissolve the Gums in Juice of Leeks, strain them, then add the Powders, and mix them well; make a Mass with a Syrup made of the Juice of Leeks and Sugar. These Pills are of excellent use in Women's Obstructi∣ons. Pilulae de Gutta Ga∣mandra are made in the following manner: Take of the best Aloes two Drams and an half, of the Resm of Gutta German∣dra a Dram and an half, of Scammony one Dram, of Gummoniacum one Dram and an half, of Tartar Vi∣triolated half a Dram; with Syrup of Roses Solu∣tive make a Mass. Pilulae de Hermodactylis are made in the following manner: Take of Sagapenum six

Drams, of Opopanax three Drams; melt them in a sufficient quantity of the Juice of Coleworts, strain them, and boyl them pre∣sently, to a moderate Con∣sistence; then take of Her∣modactyls, Aloes, Yellow Myrobalans, Turbith, Tro∣ches of Alhandel, of soft and fresh Bdellium, each six Drams; of Euphorbium Prepar'd one Dram; of the Seeds of Rue and Smal∣lage, of Castor and Scar∣cocol, each three Drams; of Saffron one Dram and an half; with the Syrup of the Juice of Coleworts, made with Hony, make a Mass. They are used in the Gout, and in cold Dis∣eases of the Joints. Two Scruples, or a Dram, may be taken at a time. Pilulae Imperiales are made in the following manner: Take of Aloes two Ounces, of Rhubarb one Ounce and an half, of Agarick, and the Leaves of Sena cleans∣ed, each one Ounce; of Cinnamon three Drams, of Ginger two Drams; of Nutmegs, Cloves, Spike∣nard, and Mastich, each one Dram; with Syrup of Violets, make a Mass. They strengthen the Stomach and Bowels; and are good for such as are of a cold Con∣stitution. Pilulae Macri are made in the following man∣ner: Take of the best A∣loes two Ounces, of Ma∣stich half an Ounce, of the Leaves of dried Marjoram two Drams, of Salt of Wormwood one Dram; powder them all, and make a Mass with a sufficient quantity of the Juice of Coleworts, sweeten'd with Sugar. It strengthens the Stomach, Brains, and the Nerves; and opens Ob∣structions of the Liver and Spleen. Half a Dram of them may be taken at a time. Pilulae Mastichichinae are made in the following manner: Take of Mastich two Ounces, of Aloes four Ounces, of Agarick tro∣chiscated, of the Species Hierae Picrae simple, each one Ounce and an half; with Syrup of Wormwood make a Mass according to Art. They purge gently, and strengthen the Head and Reins. Half a Dram may be taken at a time. Pilulae de Opopanace are

made in the following man∣ner: Take of Opopanax, Sagapenum, Bdellium, Am∣moniacum, Hermodactyls, and Coloquintida, each five Drams; Saffron, Castor, Myrrh, Ginger, Woody-Cassia, White Pepper, and Yellow Myrobalans, each one Dram; Scammony two Drams, Turbith half an Ounce, clear Aloes an Ounce and an half; dis∣solve the Gums in clarified Juice of Coleworts, and make a Mass with Syrup of Juice of Coleworts. 'Tis good for Palsies, and Dis∣eases of the Joints. The Dose is half a Dram: They work strongly. Pilulae Ru∣dii, or Extractum Rudii, are made in the following man∣ner: Take of Coloquintida six Drams; Agarick, Scam∣mony, the Roots of Black Hellebore, Turbith, of each half an Ounce; of Succo∣trine-Aloes one Ounce; of Cinnamon, Mace, and Cloves, each two Scruples; having cleans'd the Colo∣quintida from its Seeds, cut it small, grate the Agarick, powder the Hellebore, the Turbith, and the Spices grosly, and infuse them four Days in a gentle Heat, in a sufficient quantity of the best Spirit of Wine, so as it may rise five Fingers breadth above the Ingre∣dients; then strain it, pres∣sing it out hard, and dis∣solve in it the Scammony, and the Aloes; then pour the Liquor into a Glass-A∣limbeck, distil it till that which remains in the Alim∣beck is as thick as Hony; afterwards pour it out, and evaporate it till it come to a Mass fit for Pills. It purges Choler, Flegm and Melancholy. Half a Dram is a sufficient Dose for a strong Man, for it works violently. Pilulae Ruffi are made in the following man∣ner: Take of Aloes two Ounces, of choice Myrrh one Ounce, of Saffron half an Ounce; make them up into a Mass, with Syrup of Wormwood. They cleanse the Stomach, and are good after Surfeits, and Excessive Drinking, A Scruple, or half a Dram, or more, ac∣cording to the Strength of the Patient, may be given. Pilulae sine quibus are made in the following manner: Take of Aloes dissolv'd in

the Juice of Roses, and then dried again, fourteen Drams: of Prepar'd Scam∣mony six Drams; of A∣garick, Rhubarb, of the Leaves of Sena cleansed, each half an Ounce; of Wormwood, Red Roses exungulated, Violets▪ Dod∣der, and Mastick, each one Dram; of Salt of Worm∣wood half a Dram; pow∣der the Scammony, the A∣loes, the Agarick, and the Mastich a-part; add the other things, and make a Mass with a Syrup made of the Juice of Fennel and Hony. Pilulae Stomachicae cum Gummi are made in the following manner: Take of the purest Aloes one Ounce, of the Leaves of Sena cleans'd five Drams, of Gum Ammoniack, dis∣solv'd in Vinegar of Elder, half an Ounce; of Ma∣stich and Myrrh, each one Dram and an half; of Saf∣fron and Salt of Worm∣wood, each half a Dram; make a Mass with Syrup of Buck-thorn. They are good to cleanse the Stomach. Dose is half a Dram. Pi∣lulae de Succino are made in the following manner: Take of White Amber and Mastich, each two Drams; of the best Aloes five Drams, of Agarick trochiscated half a Dram, of Long Birth-wort, and Calcin'd Hart's-horn, each half a Dram; Nutmegs half a Scruple; with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Wormwood make a Mass. They are chiefly used for Diseases of the Head. Half a Dram, or more, may be taken at a time, according to the Strength of the Person. Hyera Picra Simple is made in the following manner: Take of Cinnamon, Mace, the Roots of Asarabacca, Spikenard, Saffron, Ma∣stick, each ten Drams; of Aloes wash'd twelve Oun∣ces and an half, of Clarified Hony four Pounds three Ounces; make an Electua∣ry according to Art. The Species are also kept a-part in the Shops. Tinctura Sa∣cra is made in the follow∣ing manner: Take of the Species of Hyera Picra one Ounce, of Canary-wine one Pint; keep them close stop∣ped in a Glass, and shake it every Day, till it is deeply tinctur'd; let it stand till

it is clear. Four or five Spoonfuls, more or less, may be taken at a time, according to the Strength of the Body. It strengthens the Stomach, quickens the Appetite, opens Obstructi∣ons, and purges Choler, Flegm, and Melancholy. Pulvis Thuraloes is made in the following manner: Take of Frankincense one Dram, of Aloes half a Dram; make it of the Consistence of Hony, with the White of an Egg, when you use it; mix with it Hare-down, apply it to the Wound, and bind it on. This is frequently used to stop Bleeding.

Amomum.

It heats, dries, and is astringent. It disposes to Rest, takes off Pain. Being applied to the Fore-head, it concocts and discusses Inflammations, and the Tumour called Meliceres. Mix'd with Ba∣sil, and applied, it relieves those that are bitten by Vi∣pers; it cases those that have the Gout; it takes off Inflammations of the Eyes. The Decoction of it is also good in the Stone of the Kidnies, and the Gout. 'Tis mix'd with Antidotes, and Precious Ointments; and that was the chief Use the Ancients made of it. Take of the Seeds of An∣gelica skin'd one Pound and an half; of Sweet Fennel and Liquorish, each four Ounces; of Raisins ston'd one Pound; of the Leaves of Mugwort and Balm, each four Handfuls; of Carduus and Penny-royal, each two Handfuls; of the Seed of Amomum four Ounces, of Milk and Wine six Quarts; distil them ac∣cording to Art. This is a Prolifick Water.

Anacardium Occiden∣tale, Cajou dictum.

'Tis called by some Cajou, or Cassu-tree. From the Fruit of it is press'd out a Liquor, which being duly ferment∣ed, becomes Vinous, and Intoxicating. The Fruit roasted, is much better than Chesnuts, and tastes as pleasantly as Almonds. When it is raw it cannot be eaten safely; for it takes off the Skin of the Mouth, and occasions great Pain, it being very acrid and rough:

But when Water or Wine, with a little Salt, is mix'd with it, the Acrimony is much abated, and it be∣comes very palatable. It strengthens the Stomach, and helps Fermentation, and takes off Vomiting and Nauseousness. The Indians use them, being a little toasted, to provoke Vene∣ry. The Juice of it stops a Loosness, and cures a Dia∣betes. The Oyl of it is much used by Painters, and makes a very lasting Black. It also cures the Itch, and other Vices of the Skin. It grows plenti∣fully in Malabar.

Anacardiums, or Ma∣lacca-beans, in Latin Ana∣cardium.

The Arabians say, that Anacardiums are hot and dry to the fourth De∣gree; and that they are of a Caustick Nature, and will exulcerate the Skin, and take off Warts: But Ex∣perience contradicts them. They strengthen the Brain, and Animal Spirits; and dry and heat gently. They comfort the Stomach. They are counted by all an excellent Medicine to quicken the Memory. It groweth in many Parts of India.

Anime Gummi.

'Tis two-fold, Oriental and Oc∣cidental: The Occidental is the Tears, or White Re∣sin of a Tree growing in New-Spain. 'Tis somewhat like Frankincense; it has a pleasant and sweet Smell: 'Tis not so clear and shi∣ning as the Oriental.

The chief use of Anime Gummi is External, in cold and painful Diseases of the Head and Nerves; for Ca∣tarrhs, and Flatulent Dis∣eases; also for Diseases of the Joints, the Palsie, Con∣tusions, and the like. 'Tis mix'd with Plasters for the same use.

Anise, in Latin Anisum.

The Seed is chiefly used; the Herb it self but rarely; and the Root of it never. It heats, dries, is Cepha∣lick, Epatick, Pneumonick and Stomachick. 'Tis used for Wind in the Stomach, a Cough, and the like. 'Tis more agreeable to the Sto∣mach, than any other Me∣dicine

that is used to expel Wind; it has less Acrimo∣ny, and is sweeter. The Ancients extoll'd it won∣derfully for a cold and moist Stomach; wherefore they used it in Pains of the Head proceeding from the Stomach, for Watchings, and a Loosness occasion'd by Crudities. It provokes Urine, and stimulates Ve∣nery. 'Tis baked with Bread, and candied, and so used. It expels Wind, and cures a Stinking Breath. The Oyl of it is used a∣gainst Wind, and for a Cough proceeding from a cold Cause. Anise-seed-wa∣ter is good for those that are Short-breath'd, and that are troubled with Heart-burning. Heurnius says, That the Powder or De∣coction of it is better in the Cholick, and Difficulty of Urine, than the Oyl; which they are to take no∣tice of, that value nothing but Chimical Preparations. A Scruple of the Seed, powder'd grosly, is good for the Gripes in Children. In Flatulent Hickups let the Sick always chew the Seed. The same is good for the Cholick. Take of the double Flowers of Ca∣momile thirty Handfuls, cut them, and beat them, and infuse them in five Quarts of Camomile-wa∣ter, and eight Quarts of Spanish Wine mix'd, twen∣ty four Hours; press them out, and infuse again twen∣ty Handfuls of the Flow∣ers, as before; press them out, infuse again, a third time, twelve Handfuls of the Flowers; add two Ounces of the yellow Pill of fresh Oranges, two Oun∣ces and an half of the Leaves of Roman Worm∣wood, Centory, Penny-royal, Wild Marjoram; of the Seeds of Dill two Ounces; of the Seeds of Annise, Fennel, Caraways, Cummin, Blessed Thistle, Mary's Thistle, each one Ounce and an half; of the Berries of Lawrel and Juni∣per, each half an Ounce; of Nutmegs three Ounces; having digested them a suf∣ficient time, distil them ac∣cording to Art: Two or three Spoonfuls of this Wa∣ter may be taken at a time, for the Cholick, and Wind in the Stomach. Take of

the Flowers of Brimstone one Part, of Oyl of An∣nise-seeds four parts; di∣gest them till the Brim∣stone is dissolv'd, and till the Balsam is red. This is called Balsam of Sulphure annisated. 'Tis good for Coughs, and Obstructions of the Lungs, and Con∣sumptions. If the Sick hath not a Fever, five or six Drops may be taken at a time, mix'd with Sugar. The following Electuary was frequently used by Dr. Coish, who was an ex∣cellent Practitioner, and a Man of good Reputation in London: Take of An∣nise-seeds finely powder'd, of the Powder of Liquorish each three Drams; of the Flower of Sulphure one Dram and an half; with two Ounces and an half of the best Hony make an Electuary; to which add fifteen Drops of Balsam of Sulphure, and ten Drops of Oyl of Annise-seeds. This is excellent for Coughs, and at the Begin∣ning of Consumptions: Take two Drams of it in the Morning, and at Bed-time. Balls for Colds in Horses are made in the fol∣lowing manner: Take of the Powders of the Seeds or Fenugreek, Annise, Cum∣min, Bastard-Saffron, Ele∣campane, of the Leaves of Colt's foot, and Flower of Sulphure, each two Oun∣ces; of Juice of Liquorish (dissolv'd in half a Pint of White-wine) one Ounce; of Oyl of Olives and Ho∣ny, each eight Ounces; of Januen's Treacle twelve Ounces, of Oyl of Annise-seeds one Ounce; mingle them all together, and with a Pound and an half of Wheaten Flower, or as much as will suffice make Balls.

Asa Foetida, or Devil's Dung.

No Simple Medi∣cine is so much in use all over India, as Asa Foetida, for Medicines, and for Sause for Meat; and they usually mix it with their Broths. They use it as a Medicine to quicken the Appetite, to strengthen the Stomach, to discuss Wind, and to excite Venery: But in Europe 'tis chiefly used inwardly, for Mother-sits, a Peripneumonia, and for

Wounds. 'Tis used out∣wardly for Swellings of the Spleen, Mother-fits, and the like. If any one is sub∣ject to the Falling-sickness, let Asa Foetida be held to his Nose as soon as the Fit comes. Take of Asa Foeti∣da one Ounce, of the Leaves of Rue one Handful, of the best Vinegar one Pint; boyl them in a Vessel of a narrow Mouth: Let those that are subject to Vapours and Mother-fits receive the hot Vapour of it into their Mouths and Nostrils often in a Day. Take of Asa Foetida, Castor, and Myrrh, each one Scruple; of the Faecula, or Lees of Brio∣ny half a Scruple; of the Seeds of Rue, and of Saf∣fron, each eight Grains; with Syrup of Mugwort make twelve Pills: Three or four may be taken at a time. But if the Patient cannot take Pills, they may be dissolv'd in Mugwort-water. These Pills are ve∣ry good in Hysterical Dis∣eases, and for Mother-fits. But when the Fits are very violent, the following Pills are used very successfully, and do most commonly take them off: Take of A∣sa Foetida one Scruple, of Castor six Grains, of Lau∣danum three Grains; make three or four Pills, let the Patient take them present∣ly. The Fetid Pills, tho' they are Purging, may be conveniently given in the Fit, for they do not use to work till the Fit is over. The Dose is half a Dram. The Plant, whereof Asa Foetida is the Juice, (for it is press'd out of a Root) grows in the Persian Em∣pire.

B.

THE True, Natural Bal∣sam-tree, in Latin Balsamum verum.

The Bal∣sam of it, called Opobalsa∣mum, has been famous in all Ages for curing of Wounds: And so effectual has it been accounted, that other Vulnerary Oyls and Ointments have taken their Names from it: And therefore Quacks and Mountebanks grace their Medicines with the Name

of Balsam, to make them more acceptable to the Peo∣ple. There are many Ob∣servations of dangerous Wounds that have been cured in a short time by the use of this Balsam. It cleanseth sordid Ulcers. It doth much good in the Bi∣tings of Serpents and Scor∣pions, inwardly taken, or outwardly applied. Half a Dram of it taken every Morning, is good in the Plague, and a good Pre∣servative against it. Two Scruples, or a Dram of it is very good in Chronical Fevers, occasion'd by crude and cold Humours, or by Obstructions of the Bow∣els. It clears the Sight, and is good in Diseases of the Ears. Besides, 'tis use∣ful in Convulsions that pro∣ceed from Cold and Moi∣sture; also for Giddiness, Falling-sickness, Palfies, and the like; for Coughs that proceed from a cold Hu∣mour; for Difficulty of Breathing, and Catarrhs; for Crudities, and Wind in the Stomach; for a moist and cold Intemperies of the Womb; for Barrenness, the Whites, Difficulty of Urine, occasion'd either by Wind or Gravel. Women also make use of it to beau∣tifie the Face. Lobelius wrote a whole Book of the Virtue of it. It grows on∣ly in the Land of Judea.

Peruvian Balsam, in Latin Balsamum è Peru.

'Tis of great Virtue in out∣ward and inward Diseases. 'Tis hot and dry. It dis∣solves, digests, and discus∣ses. Some Drops of it ta∣ken in a Morning fasting, is good in an Asthma. 'Tis good for the Intemperies of the Stomach, and Weak∣ness of the Bowels. It o∣pens Obstructions, and takes off the Chilness of the Breast, and Hypochon∣dra's, being anointed with a warm Hand. By rub∣bing of it on the Head, it strengthens the Brain, and prevents Convulsions, and the Palsie, and strengthens all the Nerves. When a Nerve is prick'd, it takes off the Acrimony of the Sa∣nies, from whence pro∣ceed Pains and Convul∣sions. When Animals are wounded, or bit by Ve∣nomous Creatures, by In∣stinct

of Nature they rub themselves on the Bark of this Tree, and so are pre∣sently reliev'd. 'Tis com∣monly used by Dr. Willis, and others, in making of Purging Pills. It comes from Peru and New-Spain, in Earthen Jars. 'Tis of a very dark Colour, and of a fragrant Smell.

Balsam-Copaiba.

'Tis of the Consistence and Smell of distill'd Oyl of Turpentine. The Bark be∣ing cut at Full-Moon, it di∣stils in such a quantity, that in the space of three Hours it drops six Quarts. 'Tis not only excellent for heal∣ing and cleansing Wounds, especially of the Nerves, and for curing the Biting of Serpents; but it is also very beneficial taken in∣wardly: For three or four Drops taken in an Egg, twice or thrice in a Morn∣ing, cures a Dysentery, and other Fluxes of the Belly, the Whites, and a Gonor∣rhaea. The Jews experience the Salutary Virtue of it in Circumcision; for they stop the Blood, flowing from that cruel Wound, with it, which before was deadly to many of them. This Tree is wont to be much rub'd by Animals that are bit by Serpents, or hurt by Wild Beasts; to which they run for Cure by natural In∣stinct. It grows plentifully in the Island called Maran∣how.

Balsam of Tolu, in La∣tin Balsamum de Tolu.

The Tree from whence this Balsam drops is like a small Pine-tree: The thin and tender Bark is cut when the Sun is at its full heighth: for it will not drop at all in the Night, by reason of the Cold. The Liquor flowing out is receiv'd into Spoons, made of black Wax. 'Tis of a Golden Colour, and of a moderate Consistence. 'Tis very glu∣tinous, tastes pleasantly and well, and hath a curious Scent. It hath the same Virtues with the Peruvian Balsam. It comes from To∣lu, and is better than that which is brought from New Spain. It heats and dries, attenuates, resolves, is vul∣nerary, and purges the Breast. 'Tis chiefly used

in an Asthma, and for a Consumption, and also for Crudities and Pains in the Stomach. 'Tis outwardly used for all Pains that pro∣ceed from a cold Cause, for Defluxions upon the Eyes, the Palsie, the Weakness, Pain and Wind of the Sto∣mach. Used with Nard-Oyl, it cures the Weakness of the Spleen; and is good for all Edematous Tumors, for Swellings under the Ears, and for the King's-Evil. But it is much com∣mended for curing Wounds, especially if the Bones are broken; for it draws forth the Splinters. 'Tis also of good use in Wounds of the Joints, and when the Nerves are cut or prick'd, and for Contusions, and the like. Take of the Bal∣sam of Tolu, of Mecha, or, for want of it, of Copaiba, of Calamite-Storax, of Belzion the best, of Oni∣banum, Mastich, Myrrh, Ammoniacum granulated, Taccamhac, of Gum-Ele∣mi of Chios-Turpentine, of the Roots of Florentine-Orris, each half an Ounce; of the Pectoral-water made in the following manner, one Pint and an half: Take of the Leaves of Ground-Ivy, Colt's-foot, Oak of Jerusalem, each three Pounds; Hysop, Rosema∣ry, Penny-royal, Hore∣hound, of each one Pound and an half; of the Roots of Elecampane and Liquo∣rish, each one Pound and an half; of Florentine-Or∣ris twelve Ounces, of Figs sliced three Pounds, of the best Saffron, of the Seeds Annise, and Sweet-Fennel, each half an Ounce; of Spirit of Wine five Quarts, of Fountain-water four and twenty Quarts; infuse them, and distil from a Limbeck twelve Quarts: Take, as I said, one Pint and an half of this Pecto∣ral-water, and boyl the In∣gredients above-mention'd in it, in a Circulatory Ves∣sel, well stop'd, and placed in hot Sand for some Hours; strain it, and add a sufficient quantity of White Sugar to make a Syrup. This is excellent for Coughs, and Consum∣ptions; and for the Stone in the Kidnies and Blad∣der.

Balsamum de Chili,

is good for Pains that proceed from Cold or Wind. It helps Digestion, creates an Appetite, and strengthens the Stomach. 'Tis good for Ulcers in the Kidnies, Womb, Lungs, or Breast. It stops Spitting of Blood; is good for Coughs, and an Asthma, and other Diseases of the Lungs. 'Tis useful in Diseases of the Head and Nerves; as, Apople∣xies, Lethargy, Palsie, Con∣vulsions, and the like. It cures Bursten Bellies, and kills Worms, and expels Gravel. It cures Deafness, being drop'd into the Ear. 'Tis good for a Fistula and Ulcers; for Bruises, and Aches of the Limbs. It opens Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, and pro∣vokes Women's Courses. It grows in America, in the Province of Chili.

Balaustians, in Latin Balaustia.

They are the Flowers of the Wild Pome∣granate; some of them are as big as a Damask-Rose, others much less. They corroborate the Stomach; are drying, binding, cool∣ing, and astringent. They stop Catarrhs, a Loosness, the Bloody-Flux, a Gonor∣rhaea, and the like. They settle the Teeth when they are loose, and cure Bursten Bellies. They are brought from Turky, and Spain, and some other Places. Take of the Roots of Bistort, Tormentil, of Pomegra∣nate-peel, each one Ounce; of the Leaves of Plantane, Knot-grass, Shepherd's-purse, and Horse-tail, each one Handful, of Cypress-Nuts, Balaustians, Pome∣granate, Myrtle, and Shu∣mach, each one Ounce; boyl them in Smith's Wa∣ter, and rough Wine; strain it, and make a Fo∣mentation. This is a good astringent Fomentation. Ba∣laustians are also an Ingre∣dient of the Syrup of Myr∣tles in the London-Dispensa∣tory.

Bdellium.

It mollifies, discusses, opens, and clean∣ses. But it is to be noted, when it is fresh, it mollifies most powerfully; when it is old, it discusses and clean∣ses best. 'Tis chiefly used inwardly, for a Cough, and

an Ulcer of the Lungs, and to expel Gravel, and to provoke Urine, and the like. Outwardly used, it discusses Hardness and Knots of the Nerves. Take of Bdellium, Gum-Ammoniacum, and Opo∣ponax, each two Drams; dissolve them in White-wine, strain them, and boyl them; then add of the Confection of Hamech and Diaphoenicon, each two Ounces; of the Catholicon Duplicatum half an Ounce, of Faetid Pill two Drams; make an Opiat; of which take half an Ounce, adding to it twenty Grains of Mer∣curius dulcis: Continue the use of it several Days toge∣ther, and it will take off the Hardness and Swelling of the Spleen.

Bear's-breech, in La∣tin Branca Ʋrsina.

'Tis one of the five Emollient Herbs. 'Tis used chiefly in Clysters, and other Pa∣regoricks, of whatsoever kind they are; and most commonly in Pultises. The Roots made into Pultises, and applied, are good for Burns, and Luxations. Be∣ing taken inwardly, they force Urine, and stop a Loosness. They are good for Consumptive People, and such as spit Blood, and for Contusions. It grows in Italy, and Sicily. 'Tis one of the Ingredients of the Majesterial Water of Worms, in the London-Dis∣pensatory; which is made in the following manner: Take of Worms well cleans'd three Pounds; of Snails, with their Shells, cleans'd two Gallons; beat them in a Mortar, and put them into a convenient Vessel; adding of the Leaves of Stinging Net∣tles, with their Roots, six Handfuls, of Wild Angeli∣ca four Handfuls, of Bears-breech seven Handfuls, of Agrimony and Betony, each three Handfuls; of Common Wormwood two Handfuls, of the Flowers of Rosemary six Ounces, of the Roots of Sharp-pointed Docks ten Ounces, of Wood-Sorrel five Oun∣ces, of Turmerick, of the Inner Bark of Barberries, each four Ounces, of Fe∣nugreek-seed two Ounces, of Cloves powder'd three

Ounces, of Hart's-horn grosly powder'd▪ of Ivory powder'd, each four Oun∣ces; of Saffron three Drams, of Small Spirit of Wine four Gallons and an half; after they have been infus'd four and twenty Hours, distil them in Glass Vessels, in B. M. The first four Pints that distil is to be kept by it self, and is called the Spirit: The rest is called the Majesterial Water of Worms.

Benjamin, in Latin Benzoinum.

It attenuates: 'Tis hot and dry. 'Tis used for Coughs, Rheums, and Obstructions of the Lungs. It comes from Su∣matra, Surat, and several other Places. Flowers and the Oyl of Benjamin are made in the following man∣ner: Take an Earthen Pot, high and narrow, with a little Border round it; put into it three or four Oun∣ces of clear Benjamin, gros∣ly powder'd; cover the Pot with a Coffin of Pa∣per, and tye it round a∣bout, under the Border; set the Pot into hot Ashes, and when the Benjamin is heated, the Flowers will sublime; take off the Cof∣fin every two Hours, and fix another in its place; stop up quickly, in a Glass, the Flowers you find in the Coffins; and when those which afterwards sublime do begin to appear Oyly, take the Pot off the Fire, put that which remains in∣to a little Glass Retort; and fitting a Receiver to it, distil in a Sand-heat a thick and fragrant Oyl, until no more comes forth; and there will remain in the Retort nothing but a very spungy Earth. The Flow∣ers are good for Asthmati∣cal Persons, and to fortifie the Stomach. The Dose is, from two Grains to five, in an Egg, or in Lozenges. The Oyl is a Balsam for Wounds and Ulcers. Tin∣cture of Benjamin is made in the following manner: Take three Ounces of Ben∣jamin, and half an Ounce of Storax; powder them grosly, and put them into a Pottle-Matrass, half em∣pty; pour upon them a Pint of Spirit of Wine; stop your Vessel close, and set it in warm Horse-dung;

leave it in Digestion for a Fortnight; after which, fil∣trate the Liquor, and keep it in a Vessel well stop'd. Some do add to it five or six Drops of Balsam of Pe∣ru, to give it a better Smell. 'Tis good to take away Spots in the Face. A Dram of it is put into four Oun∣ces of Water, and it whi∣tens like Milk: This Wa∣ter serves for a Wash, and is called Virgin's Milk. Take of Fat Ammoniacum, dissolv'd in Vinegar of Squills, one Ounce; of Ex∣tract of Aloes half an Ounce, of Crystal of Tar∣tar one Dram, of Myrrh, and Saffron, each half a Dram; of Mastich, Benja∣min, and Salt of Ash-tree and Wormwood, each one Scruple; with Oxymel of Squills make a Mass for Pills. The Dose is, half a Dram, twice a Week; Purging being used betwixt whiles. These Pills are good for a Scirrhus of the Spleen.

Ben-Nut, in Latin, Balanus Myrepsica.

Disco∣rides, and others of the An∣cients, attribute many Vir∣tues to it. It purges up∣ward and downward, and evacuates Choler and Flegm. It has an Acrid Moisture, whereby it sub∣verts the Stomach, occa∣sions Nauseousness, and moves the Belly. It purges gross and clammy Flegm by Vomit and Stool; wherefore it is good for a Flegmatick Cholick. Mix∣ed with Hony, it resolves hard Swellings, and the King's-Evil. Made up in∣to a Pultis with Barly-Meal and Hony, it doth good in cold Diseases of the Nerves. Mix'd with Meal of Lupines, it takes off Ob∣structions and Hardness of the Liver and Spleen. The Oyl drop'd into the Ear, cures Deafness, and the Noises of it. It cleanses the Skin from Spots. That which is old is better for inward use than the fresh, because by Time the Moi∣sture is evaporated, which so much disturbs the Body. The like may by observ'd in the Roots and Leaves of Asarabacka; which purge violently upward and downward when they are green, by reason of such an

Acrid Moisture; for when they are dry they lose that malignant and violent force. The same is also to be ob∣serv'd in Orris; which, when green, burns and pricks violently; but when it is dry it doth not do so. The same is to be observ'd in the Roots of Wake-Ro∣bin, which lose their Acri∣mony when they are dry. Take Bdellium, Ammonia∣cum, and Galbanum, of each equal parts; beat them in a Mortar, with the Oyl of Ben and Lillies; then add the like quantity of the Mucilage of the Seeds of Fenugreek, and Figs: Make an Ointment. 'Tis of great use in the Scirrhus.

Birth-wort, Long and Round, in Latin Aristolochia.

The Root is hot and dry. Both discuss, attenuate, o∣pen, and cleanse: But the Round is of finer parts, the long of grosser: Both are Cephalick, Epatick, and Pulmonick. They are good to open the Obstructions of the Lungs, to provoke the Courses, to break inward Tumors, and to expel Poi∣son. The Infusion of the long Root is frequently u∣sed to cure the Itch, and to cleanse Wounds. 'Tis good for Pains in the Sto∣mach, and for the Hickups. But the chief use of both is, to purge the Womb af∣ter Child-birth, and to force the Courses. Take of the Roots of Round Birth-wort half a Dram, of the Leaves of dried Sa∣vin one Dram and an half, of Dittany of Crete, of the Troches of Myrrh, of Asa Foetida, each one Dram; of choice Cinnamon two Drams, of White Sugar two Ounces; make a fine Powder of them all: Take two Drams in the Morn∣ing, for some Days, in the Broth of Red Vetches, wherein two Drams of Cinnamon and half a Dram of Saffron have been boyl'd. Birth-wort grows every where in the Hedges, in Italy, France and Spain.

Bishop's-weed, in La∣tin Ammi.

The Seed of it is one of the four Lesser hot Seeds. It incides, o∣pens, and dries. 'Tis good for the Gripes, Difficulty

of Urine, and the Biting of Venomous Creatures; and also forces the Courses. 'Tis mix'd with Blistering Plasters to prevent Difficul∣ty of Urine, which usually comes upon the use of such Medicines: But the use of it, as of Cummin, are Cau∣ses of pale Colour. 'Tis of excellent use for Barren∣ness, a Dram of it pow∣der'd, being taken in Wine, or fresh Broth, every other Day, three Hours before Meals: But it ought not to be given above four or five times. 'Tis an excel∣lent Medicine in this Case, and has often been found successful. But the Hus∣band must not be concern'd with his Wife on the Days she takes the Seed. To which End, and also for the Whites, an Uterine Clyster being first used, says Simon Paulus, I have given the following Pow∣der to many barren Wo∣men; whereby they prov'd with Child, and were freed from the Whites. The Description of the Uterine Clyster is as follows: Take of the Roots of Long and Round Birth-wort, each two Drams; of Gentian, and Zedoary, each one Dram; of Ground-Ivy, the Lesser Centory, of Birth-wort, and Rosemary, each one Handful; of Balm, and Red Mug-wort, each half an Handful; of the Lesser Cardamoms half an Ounce; cut and beat them for a Decoction for an Ute∣rine Clyster. The Descrip∣tion of the Powder is as fol∣lows: Take of Speed-well, of the Seeds of Bishop's-weed, each half an Ounce; of the Lesser Cardamoms, of sharp Cinnamon, each two Drams; of Sugar-Candy a fourth part of the weight of all the rest: Make a Powder according to Art. Take of the Roots of Elecampane, Smallage, Fennel, and Orris dried, each one Ounce and an half; of the Roots of Va∣lerian, Gentian, Asarabac∣ca, Squills, each one Dram; of the inner Bark of the Elder, and Saxifrage, each six Drams; of the Leaves of Wormwood, Agrimony, Germander, Maiden-hair dried, each two Drams; of the Tops of the Lesser Centuary, and Broom-Flowers,

each one Dram; of the Seeds of Parsley, Bi∣shop's-weed, and Dill, each one Dram and an ha••••; of Cinnamon two Dram•••• of Spikenard half a Dram; mix them together, and in∣fuse them in two or three Measures of White-wine: Let the Sick drink of this Wine every Morning. This is good for a Dropsie. The Seed of Bishop's-weed is al∣so an Ingredient of the Compound Syrup of Beto∣ny in the London-Dispensa∣tory. It comes from Ale∣xandria.

Bitter-Vetch, in La∣tin Orobus.

A Water di∣still'd from it, breaks and expels the Stone in the Bladder. The Root of it is good against Poisons, and the Strangury. The Plant bruised, and applied hot, eases the Pain of the Side. It grows about Geneva; and frequently in the Woods in Germany.

Brazile-wood, in Latin Brazilia arbor.

'Tis a large and vast Tree; and so ve∣ry thick sometimes, that three Men, with their Arms extended, can scarce com∣pass it. The Wood is cold and dry; it mitigates Fe∣vers; 'tis Binding, and Strengthening. Infus'd in the Cold, with Eye-water, it cures Inflammations of the Eyes. The Wood is much used for making Handles for Knives and Swords, and Drum-sticks. 'Tis very dense and pon∣derous, and may be po∣lish'd. Take of Sarsaperil∣la, of Crude Antimony, and of the Shells of Nuts, each six Ounces; of the Roots of China one Ounce, of Brazile-wood a little, of Water nine Pints; boyl half away; the Antimony, and the Shells powder'd, must be hang'd in a Rag, so that they may not touch the bottom of the Vessel; strain it: Take a large Draught in the Morning, three Hours before Din∣ner; and in the After∣noon, four Hours after Dinner; and three Hours after Supper, for fifteen Days; Bleeding and Pur∣ging being first used. This is commended in the Gout.

C.

CAmel's-Hay, in La∣tin Schaenanthus.

It heats, discusses, and is of fine Parts. 'Tis chiefly u∣sed for Obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, and the like. 'Tis also used for Vomit∣ing, and the Hickups; as also for Wind in the Sto∣mach, for Difficulty of U∣rine, and Pains of the Kid∣nies, Bladder and Womb. It cures a Stinking Breath, and strengthens the Head, and discusses the Swelling of the Ʋvula, and strength∣ens the Stomach, it being outwardly used in a Lotion. A Dram of it powder'd may be taken inwardly, in hot Wine; or it may be boyl'd in Water. 'Tis rec∣kon'd a Specifick for Ul∣cers of the Bladder. A Woman evacuated a Stone almost as big as a Walnut, which had occasion'd an Ulcer of the Bladder, and of the neighbouring Parts, by using Camel's-Hay and the Roots of Cypress. Take of the Tops of Roman-Wormwood three Drams, of Hore-hound and Rose∣mary, each two Drams; of Red Roses two Pugils, of the Flowers of Camo∣mile, and the Leaves of Laurel, each half an Hand∣ful; of Orange-Pill, and of Sweet Wood of Aloes, each three Drams; Cy∣press-roots, Camel's-Hay, and Spikenard, each half an Ounce; make a Deco∣ction with two parts of the best Wine, and one part of Agrimony and Wormwood-water; foment the Region of the Liver with it, with a Spunge press'd out of Wormwood-wine. This has been used in a Drop∣sie.

Camphir, in Latin Camphora.

Camphir was unknown to the Ancient Grecians: It began first to be taken notice of by the Arabians. Whether it is hot or cold, is not agreed on by Authors. The An∣cients counted it cold, be∣cause it extinguish'd Vene∣ry, and cured Inflamma∣tions of the Eyes; and for that being put upon Burns, it seem'd as cold as Snow. But Modern Physicians af∣firm, 'tis hot, on the con∣trary:

Their Arguments for it are, the great In∣flammability of it; its pe∣netrating, Aromatick Smell, and Acrid Taste; its rea∣diness to evaporate, by rea∣son of the Tenuity of Parts. Which Opinion, indeed, seems most probable; for the contrary Arguments are easily answer'd. For, if it should be granted that it suppresses Venery, it doth not therefore necessarily follow that it is cold; for so doth Rue, and the chaste Tree, and the like. Yet Breynius saith, it doth not extinguish Venery: For, says he, it hath been ob∣serv'd, that many who have been employ'd in purifying Camphir daily, have had many Children. And then, tho' it be of use in many Diseases that require Cool∣ing, as, in Inflammations of the Eys, and Erysipelas, Fevers, and the like; yet they say, Cooling in these Cases, by this Medicine, is not per se, but per acci∣dens; much in the same manner as the Inflamma∣tion of a Member burnt is drawn out by the Heat of the Fire, or the Flame of a Candle, or, as by the immoderate use of Pepper, the native Heat is driven out, and is less within; and so the Body becomes cold. Some mention other Ways whereby these things may be perform'd; which I omit, partly because they are not satisfactory, and partly because it is not clear, whether Camphir doth good in these Diseases, or whether it be injurious. Camphir resists Putrefa∣ction and Poisons; upon which Account it is fre∣quently used in the Plague, Malignant Diseases, and Putrid Fevers. Balm-wa∣ter, wherein Camphir hath been extinguish'd, doth good in Mother-fits. 'Tis most frequently used out∣wardly, in cooling Epi∣thems, Frontals, and Pare∣goricks: And for the mix∣ing of it with them, 'tis wont to be dissolv'd with the Spirit of Wine, or rub∣bed with Oyly Kernels or Seeds. Camphir dissolves in Spirit of Wine present∣ly, and swims upon the top of the Spirit, in form of an Oyl. Camphir is mix'd with Wash-balls, to

smoothen and beautifie the Skin. A small quantity of it used outwardly or in∣wardly, disposes to Sleep: But if it be held to the Nose frequently, it dries the Brain, and causes Watching. Camphir is reckon'd by the most learn∣ed Men, and not undeserv∣edly, among the strongest Alexipharmicks. It won∣derfully resists Putrefaction, and repels and corrects the putrid Vapours of a cor∣rupt Member: But it is to be used cautiously in vio∣lent Pains of the Head and Stomach. Camphir is dis∣solv'd in Spirit of Wine; and this Dissolution is cal∣led Spirit of Wine Cam∣phoriz'd. 'Tis good for the Apoplexy, and Hyste∣rical Diseases. 'Tis also found to be of excellent use for the Tooth-ach, a little Cotton being dip'd in it, and put into the ach∣ing Tooth. The Oyl of Camphir is made in the following manner: Pow∣der grosly three or four Ounces of good Camphir, put it into a Matrass, and pour upon it twice as much Spirit of Nitre; stop your Vessel close, and set it over a Pot half full of Water, a little heated; stir it ever now and then, to help forward the Disso∣lution, which will be fi∣nish'd in two or three Hours, and then you will find the Camphir turn'd in∣to a clear Oyl, which swims above the Spirit; separate it, and keep it in a Viol well stop'd. 'Tis used for the Caries of Bones, and to touch Nerves that are uncover'd in Wounds. This Oyl is nothing but a Disso∣lution of Camphir in Spi∣rit of Nitre; for if you pour Water upon it, to de∣stroy the force of the Spi∣rit, it returns into Cam∣phir, as before. Of all the Resins, this is the only one that can dissolve in Spirit of Wine. Take of Vola∣tile Salt of Hart's-horn two Grains, of the Majesterial Cardiac-powder six Grains, of Camphir and Cochinel, each four Grains; of Ve∣nice-Treacle one Scruple, of the Aqua Coelestis a suffi∣cient quantity: Make a Bolus. This is good in Malignant Fevers. Take of Camphir and Borax,

each one Dram; of White Sugar-candy five Drams, of White Vitriol one Scru∣ple; powder them very fine, and mingle them by degrees with half a Pint of Sweet-Fennel-water. This is an excellent Water for Rheums and Inflamma∣tions of the Eyes, a Rag being dip'd in it, and ap∣plied often on the Eye-lids. 'Tis gather'd from more Trees than one. It distils, Drop by Drop, from a great Tree, much like a Walnut-tree, in the Island Borneo, in Asia. Little Cakes of it are likewise brought out of China, but that is not so good. It must be chosen white, transparent, clean, friable, without Spot, and such as is hard to quench when once lighted. Camphir is compounded of a Sulphur and a Salt; so very Vola∣tile, that it is very hard to keep any time; and it always loseth something, let it be never so closely stop'd.

Cancamum:

See Gum∣mi Anime.

Canela:

See Cinna∣mon.

Capers, in Latin Cap∣peris.

They are brought to us in Pickle, and are frequently used for Sauce for Roast and Boil'd Meat, and for Fish. They quic∣ken the Appetite, promote Concoction, and open Ob∣structions of the Liver and Spleen. Lobelius says, the Biggest Capers are better than the Least. Perhaps he means the Fruit which is sometimes pickl'd, and is called Long-Capers: But now-a-days they are not used in England. It is said, that they who eat Italian Capers daily, are not trou∣bled with the Palsie, nor Pains of the Spleen. They are good for the Hip-Gout, and Bursten-Bellies. They provoke the Courses, draw Flegm from the Head, and cure the Tooth-ach. Be∣ing boyl'd in Vinegar, the Bark, especially of the Root, softens the Spleen when it is hard. Being ta∣ken inwardly, or outward∣ly applied, it provokes the Courses, cleanses Ulcers, and dries; doth good in

the Gout, digests hard Tu∣mours; it also kills Worms. Take of Oil of Lillies, and of Capers, each two Oun∣ces; of the Juice of Briony and Smallage, each three Ounces; boyl them to the Consumption of the Jui∣ces; then add of Ointment of Marsh-mallows and Gum-Ammoniacum, dis∣solv'd in Vinegar, and strain'd, each one Ounce; of the Seeds of Daucus and Spikenard, each one Dram and an half; of yel∣low Wax a sufficient quan∣tity; make an Ointment: When you use it add a lit∣tle Vinegar of Roses. This is commended for Obstru∣ctions of the Liver. Oyl of Capers of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of the Bark of the Roots of Capers one Ounce; of the Bark of Tamarisk, of the Leaves of the same, of the Seeds of the chaste Tree, of Spleen-wort, and of the Roots of Cyperus, each two Drams; of Rue one Dram, of ripe Oyl of Olives one Pint, of the sharpest Vine∣gar, and of fragrant White-wine, each two Ounces; cut them, and steep them two Days, and boyl them gently in B. M. and when the Wine and Vinegar are consum'd, strain it, and keep it for use. This Oyl is very proper for Hard∣ness, Pain, and Obstructi∣ons of the Liver or Spleen; and also for the Rickets. Capers grow in Sandy Ground, and amongst Rub∣bish, at Rome, and Florence, and other Parts of Italy.

Cardamoms, in Latin Cardamomum.

They have a gentle Heat, that is very agreeable to Nature. They provoke Urine and the Courses, and open Obstru∣ctions of the Liver and Spleen, and especially of the Mesentery; in which Obstructions they do Won∣ders; they are also good to help Concoction. They are an Ingredient in the Com∣pound-water of Worm-wood, of the London-Dis∣pensatory.

Carthamus, or Ba∣stard-Saffron.

The Flowers bruis'd are used instead of Sauce; and they colour the Meat of a Saffron-co∣lour.

They loosen the Bel∣ly, and are good in the Jaundice. But the chief use of the Flowers is, for dying of Silks and Cloth. Some adulterate Saffron, by mixing it with these Flowers. The Seed of it bruis'd, and taken in Broth, purges clammy Flegm by Vomit and Stool; upon which Account it is rec∣kon'd amongst Flegma∣goges. 'Tis very good for the Breast, and is excel∣lent for expelling Wind; wherefore it is very good for Cholicks, and an Ana∣sarca. But it is offensive to the Stomach, and there∣fore Stomachicks ought to be mix'd with it; as An∣nise-seeds, Galangal, Cin∣namon, and the like. The Operation of it should be quicken'd, by adding things that are acrid; as Carda∣moms, Ginger, Sal Gem∣mae, and the like. The Dose of it, in Infusion, is from three Drams to six. Hofmannus says, the Husk should be taken off with a Knife, tho' it be difficult; for the beating of it with a Pestle, loses the Oyly Sub∣stance, wherein the Virtue lies. The Electuary, cal∣led Diacarthamum, of the London-Dispensatory. Take of the Species of Diatraga∣canth frigid half an Ounce, of the Pulp of Preserv'd Quinces one Ounce, of the Marrow of the Seeds of the Bastard-Saffron half an Ounce, of White Ginger two Drams, of Diagrydi∣um powder'd a-part, three Drams, of White Turbith six Drams, of Manna two Ounces, of Solutive Hony of Roses strain'd, and Sugar-candy, each one Ounce; of Hermodactils half an ounce, of White Sugar, boyl'd to the Consistence of a solid Ele∣ctuary, ten Ounces and an half; when it is hot, mix with it the Hony, Manna, and the Pulp of Quinces; then add the Powders, and make a solid Electuary, to be form∣ed into Tablets.

Cassia Fistula Alexan∣drina, in English Ordinary Purging Cassia.

The Egyp∣tians use to walk in a Morn∣ing where Cassia grows, especially at Sun-rising, for then the Cassia smells very pleasantly. The Pulp of Cassia purges Choler, and

watery Humours. 'Tis good in outward and in∣ward Heats. It attempe∣rates the Blood, and ren∣ders it more pure. It won∣derfully helps Diseases of the Breast, occasion'd by a Distillation of sharp Hu∣mours. The Egyptians use the Pulp, with Sugar-can∣dy and Liquorish, for Dis∣eases of the Bladder and Reins. And by the fre∣quent use of it, they pre∣serve themselves from the Stone; three Drams of it being taken three Hours before Dinner. But Fallo∣pius and Fabritius Hildanus think it is not safe giving of it in Heat of Urine; for they say it increases the Disease, by drawing Wa∣ter to the Part affected. Two Inconveniences at∣tend the use of it: It dis∣solves the Tone of the Sto∣mach by its Moisture, and then it breeds Wind; wherefore it is not to be used to those that have moist Stomachs, or are Hy∣pondriacal, or troubl'd with Wind, unless it be correct∣ed by Carminatives, or Stomachicks; as, with Cin∣namon, Mastick, or the like. But Hofmannus says, 'tis best not to use it in Hypo∣chondriacal People, by rea∣son of the Weakness of their Intestines. Cassia is used for all Coughs, Difficulty of Breathing, and an Asth∣ma. 'Tis used outwardly in hot Pains of the Joints. Pains of the Head after Eating are best cured by taking Cassia after Eating. Cassia is made much use of in the Purging Electuaries of the London-Dispensatory. Extract of Cassia for Cly∣sters is made in the follow∣ing manner: Take of the Leaves of Violets, Mal∣lows, Beets, Mercury, Pe∣litory of the Wall, Flowers of Violets, each one Hand∣ful; make a Decoction in a sufficient quantity of Wa∣ter, (adding at the end the Flowers of Violets) where∣by the Cassia may be ex∣tracted, and the Canes wash'd within; then take of the Cassia extracted by this Decoction, and boyl'd to a Consistence, one Pound; of Brown Sugar one Pound and an half; boyl them up to an Electuary, according to Art. The Electuary cal∣led Dia-Cassia, with Manna,

is made in the following manner: Take of Da∣mask-Prunes two Ounces, of the Flowers of Violets one Ounce and an half, of Fountain-water a Pint and an half; boyl them accor∣ding to Art, till half is con∣sum'd; strain it, and dis∣solve in it, of the Pulp of Cassia six Ounces; of Vio∣let-Sugar and Syrup of Vi∣olets, each four Ounces; of the Pulp of Tamarinds one Ounce; of Sugar-can∣dy one Ounce and an half, of the best Manna two Ounces; mingle them, and make an Electuary accord∣ing to Art: 'Tis a good, cooling Purge. Cassia ex∣tracted without Sena: Take of Prunes number Twelve, of the Leaves of Violets one Handful, of Barly cleans'd, and the Seeds of Annise, and of Bastard-Saffron, and of Polypody of the Oak, each five Drams; of Maiden-hair, Thyme, and Dodder, each half an Handful; of Rai∣sins stoned half an Ounce, of the Seeds of Fennel two Drams, of the Seeds of Purslain and Mallows, each three Drams; of Liquorish half an Ounce; make a Decoction of these in a suf∣ficient quantity of Water; in the strain'd Liquor dis∣solve two Pounds of the Pulp of Cassia, and one Ounce of Tamarinds; add three Drams of Cinnamon, and one Pound of the best Sugar; boyl it to the Con∣sistence of an Electuary. This is good when the Bo∣dy is Feverish; for it cools, and purges gently. An Ounce and an half of it may be taken at a time. Cassia is an Ingredient in the Lenitive Electuary of the London-Dispensatory. 'Tis made in the following manner: Take of Raisins stoned, of Polypody of the Oak fresh, Oriental Sena, each two Ounces; of Mer∣cury one Handful and an half; of Jujubes and Sebe∣stenes, each number Twen∣ty five; of Maiden-hair, of Violets, and of Barly cleans'd, each one Hand∣ful; of Damask-Prunes and Tamerinds, each six Drams; of Liquorish half an Ounce; boyl them ac∣cording to Art, in five Quarts of Water, to the Consumption of a third

part; then strain them out hard: In part of the Li∣quor dissolve of the Pulp of Cassia and Tamerinds, and of fresh Prunes, and of Vio∣let-Sugar, each six Ounces; in the other part of the Li∣quor dissolve two Pounds of fine Sugar; Lastly, add an Ounce and an half of the Powder of Sena, and two Drams of the Powder of Annise-seeds, for every Pound of the Electuary; and so make an Electuary according to Art. It cools, and purges gently. An Ounce, or an Ounce and and half may be taken at a time.

Cassidony:

See Stoe∣chas.

Cassummuniar.

To give a Description of the Herb, its Place, its Growth, whether it bears any Flow∣er or Seed, is not in my power; having receiv'd no Account along with it from my Brother, Factor to the Honourable East-In∣dia Company. Only, thus much is most certain; 'tis a Plant esteem'd even by Princes themselves; some part of what I have being taken out of the King of Golconda's Garden, one of the greatest and wealthiest Princes in India. And the Priests, who are the Brack∣mannes of the Pythagorean Sect of Phylosophers, do many and great Cures with it; for which they are much esteem'd, not only by the Natives, but also by Foreign Merchants that re∣side there; the English them∣selves preferring them be∣fore their own Country∣men, when they labour un∣der those Diseases that reign in the East-Indians. They are very excellent Bota∣nists, admirably skill'd in the Nature and Use of Plants; and having an extraordinary Variety of them, have improv'd Gale∣nical Physick to a very great heighth. I do not understand that they are acquainted with any of the Chymical Ways, of sepa∣rating the pure from the impure Parts; nor are they acquainted with the use of Minerals: But as they are nourish'd by the Product of the Earth, so they are cured by the Off-spring thereof:

Not feeding upon any Ani∣mal kill'd for their use, fearing they should eat some of their Ancestors, because they hold a Trans∣migration of Souls. This Root, tho' it might serve to Aromatize their Diet, and is certainly a good Stoma∣chick, yet they use it only Medicinally; and that in so homely a Way, as is be∣coming such plain and sim∣ple Men, unacquainted with the Confectioner's or Apothecary's Art. They cut the Root transverse, or cross-ways; and having so done, they dry it in the Sun with great Care; and when they have Occasion to use it, they grind it betwixt two Stones, adding Water to it; after the manner of Painters grinding their Co∣lours: Being reduc'd here∣by to the Consistence of an Electuary, they administer two or three Drams of it at a time to their Patients. As to its Qualities, 'tis mo∣derately hot, and very a∣stringent. It consists of ve∣ry fine Parts; wrap'd up in, and tied to an Earthy Matter; and may be rec∣kon'd amongst Aromata, or Spices. It exceedingly re∣cruits the Animal and Vital Spirits; and may well be imagin'd to be Aperitive. By the Experience I have had of it, I find it admira∣bly to agree with the Ani∣mal Spirits, and a proper Remedy against their Irre∣gularities. With Spirit of Wine I have drawn a good Spirit from it, and with the remaining Faeces made a very good Extract; and conceive, its Extract made with Fountain-water may be better than the Powder in the Bloody-Flux, for which it is an excellent Re∣medy. The Spirit is good to mix with Cordials. It is a very good Medicine, outwardly used; and will lay Scents better than any thing yet found out. 'Tis much commended by Do∣ctor John Peachie of Glou∣cester, (who wrote this Ac∣count of it) for Apople∣xies, Convulsions, Fits of the Mother, and the like. He used to foment the Head with the Spirit, and to give inwardly the fol∣lowing Medicine: Take of Cassummuniar powder'd two Ounces, of the Con∣serves

of the Flowers of Betony one Ounce; make an Electuary according to Art, with a sufficient quan∣tity of Syrup of Peony: Let the Patient take the quantity of a Nutmeg thrice a Day, drinking up∣on it four Ounces of the following Julap: Take of the Waters of the Flowers of the Lime-tree, and of Black-berries, each half a Pint; of the Compound Spirit of Lavender three Ounces, a sufficient quan∣tity of Syrup of Peony; mingle them. He says, many have been cured of Head-diseases by this Me∣dicine. Mr. Marlow, in King-street, near Guild-Hall, an excellent Apothe∣cary, and a curious Man, shew'd me Cassummuniar, and confirm'd the Use and Virtues above-mention'd.

China.

'Tis good for the French-Pox, which some say, it cures, without observing a strict Diet, in a short time, and with pleasure; wherefore it is much esteem'd by the In∣dians. Garsia wrote a whole Book of the Virtue and Use of this Root. 'Tis most commonly used in De∣coctions; and one or two Ounces is sufficient for nine Pints of Water. 'Tis good for all Diseases that require Sweating. 'Tis u∣sed in the Palsie, for Pains in the Joints, the Hip-Gout, the Gout, Scirrhous and Edematous Tumors, and for the King's-Evil. It strengthens the Stomach when weak, eases invete∣rate Pains in the Head, doth good for the Stone, and Ulcers of the Bladder; cures the Jaundice, and Humoral and Windy Rup∣tures. 'Tis a great Pro∣vocative to Venery. And Fallopius says, Men grow fat by the use of it. The Turks, who love to have their Wives in good Case, diet them with a Decoction of this Root. Take of the Roots of China three Oun∣ces, Sarsaperilla six Oun∣ces, Saxifrage one Ounce, of Nephritick Wood two Ounces, of Harts-horn and Ivory rasp'd, each half an Ounce; of White Sanders half an Ounce; of the Roots of Parsly, Grass, Knee-holm, each one

Ounce; of Liquorish two Ounces, of Dates ston'd number Six, of Caraways and Coriander-seeds, each three Drams; infuse them in seven Quarts of Foun∣tain-water, boyl it accord∣ing to Art, and Aromatize it with Woody Cassia. This is used for the French Pox. Take of the Roots of China two Ounces, of Sarsaperilla six Ounces, of all the Sanders, each three Drams; of Saxifrage ten Drams; infuse them in four Quarts of Fountain-water for twelve Hours, and then, adding of the Leaves of Agrimony two Handfuls, of the Leaves of Speed-well three Handfuls, of Scabious one Handful, of the Seeds of Sweet-Fen∣nel and Caraways, each three Drams; of Raisins of the Sun ston'd six Ounces, boyl it to the Consumption of the third part; strain the Liquor, and use it for your ordinary Drink. This is much used in the King's Evil. China grows plenti∣fully in China, and in Ma∣labar, and in many other places.

Chiches, or Chich-pease, in Latin Cicer sativum.

Chich-pease are three-fold, White, Red, and Black. The Ancients commonly fed upon them, as do the Italians now at this Day. They eat them raw, as well as boyl'd; but they are best boyl'd, and when they are green, as are Pease and Beans, but they are windy. They provoke Ve∣nery; they cleanse, open, incide, digest, provoke U∣rine, and lessen the Stone; but they hurt the Bladder when it is ulcerated. They gently move the Belly. The Broth of them doth good in the Jaundice. A Decoction of them kills Worms, moves the Cour∣ses, expels the Child, and breeds Milk. In Cata∣plasms they cure the Swel∣lings under the Ears, called Parotides, and Inflamma∣tions of the Testicles, and Malignant Ulcers. We most commonly make use of them only in Difficulty of Urine: But Practitio∣ners should take care that they do not use them too often to those that have Ul∣cers in those Parts. They

are sown every where in Italy, Spain and France. Take of the Root of Li∣quorish four Scruples, of Marsh-mallows, Grass and Rest-harrow, each half an Ounce; of the Berries of Winter-Cherries, number Twenty, of Red Chick-pease four Ounces, of Cur∣rants one Ounce, of the four greater Cold Seeds one Scruple, of Barly two Handfuls; boyl them in the Water of Winter-Cher∣ries, Rest-harrow, Straw∣berries, and Flowers of Beans, each one Pint and on half; to the strain'd Li∣quor add four Ounces of the Syrup of Marsh-mal∣lows. A Person that was grievously afflicted with the Stone in the Bladder, was much reliev'd by ta∣king of this Decoction dai∣ly, for the space of seven∣teen Weeks.

Cinnamon, in Latin Cinnamomum.

The Diver∣sity of the Nature of this Tree is wonderful; for, from the Bark of the Root is distill'd Camphir, and its Oyl; from the Bark of the Trunk, Oyl of Cinna∣mon; from the Leaves' Oyl of Cloves; from the Fruit, an Oyl like the Oyl of Juniper, mix'd with a little of Cinnamon and Cloves. Of these is boyl'd up a fat, thick Oyl, like Wax, fit to make Plasters, Ointments, and Candles: 'Tis hard, and clear, and of a fragrant Smell. The Inhabitants use it in Oint∣ments to ease Pain, but they dare not make Can∣dles of it; for none are permitted to use Candles, besides the King of the Country. The Leaves of it smell more like Cloves than Cinnamon. The Bark of the Root given in a De∣coction, or the Powder of it taken with Sugar and Hony, is good for a Cough. The Bark of the Twigs used in a Decoction, is good for the Wind. The same given in Powder, with hot Water, eases the Pain of the Belly, and stops a Flux arising from Cold. Our People use it success∣fully, boyl'd in Milk, or Posset-drink, to stop a Loos∣ness. A Decoction of it in Red Wine stops an immo∣derate Flux of the Courses.

The Juice of the Leaves given with Sugar and Pep∣per, do good for Pains of the Belly, and the Flatu∣lent Matter of the Reins. The Powder of the Leaves, with Sugar, are good for Giddiness; of the Head: As also are the Flowers, taken with Sugar, in cold Water. The Oyl which is drawn from the Bark of the Root hath many excellent Vir∣tues: 'Tis very good in all Paralytick Diseases, being used outwardly in time. 'Tis a present Remedy for the Gout, presently asswa∣ging the violent Pain of the Parts, as soon as they are anointed with it. It doth also good, taken inwardly. 'Tis also of excellent use, taken inwardly, for curing an Asthma, and other Dis∣eases of the Lungs. 'Tis also good to correct the Malignity of Fevers. It forces Sweat; and is very proper to be used in Gan∣grens, Mortifications, and Malignant Ulcers; for Pains of the Limbs, of the Belly, and of the Eyes; and for Tumors of the Members, proceeding from Cold and Flegmatick Hu∣mours. It restores the Sense of Parts that are stupified. 'Tis good for Rheums. The Oyl of the Bark of the Tree is good for Diseases of the Stomach, and for the Gripes. The Water of Cinnamon is counted Cordial. The Oyl of the Leaves is good in the Cholick, and very pro∣per in the Palsie. Cinna∣mon is good for all Obstru∣ctions, and for Diseases of the Breast. Oyl or Essence of Cinnamon, and its Ae∣therial-water, is made in the following manner: Bruise four Pounds of good Cinnamon, and infuse it in six Quarts of hot Water; leave it in digestion in an Earthen Vessel, well stop'd, two Days; pour the Infu∣sion into a large Copper Limbeck, and fitting a Re∣ceiver to it, and luting close the Junctures with a wet Bladder, distil with a pret∣ty good Fire three or four Pints of the Liquor; then unlute the Limbeck, and pour into it by Inclination the distil'd Waters; you will find at bottom a little Oyl, which you must pour into a Viol, and stop it

close; distil the Liquor as before; then returning the Water into the Limbeck, take the Oyl you find at the bottom of the Receiver, and mix it with the first: Repeat this Cohobation, until there rises no more Oyl; then take away the Fire. Tincture of Cinna∣mon is made in the follow∣ing manner: Take what quantity of bruised Cinna∣mon you please, put it into a Matrass, and pour upon it Spirit of Wine, one Fin∣gure above it; stop your Matrass close, and set it in Digestion in Horse-dung four or five Days; the Spi∣rit of Wine will be impreg∣nated with the Tincture of Cinnamon, and become red; separate it from the Cinnamon, and after it is filtrated, keep the Tincture in a Viol well stop'd. 'Tis an admirable Cardiack; it fortifies the Stomach, and rejoyces all the Vital Parts. It may be used like Cinna∣mon-water, in a little smaller Dose. Cinnamon-water is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Take of bruised Cinnamon a Pound and an half, Spanish Wine a Quart; infuse the Cin∣namon in the Wine twenty four Hours, then distil them in a Limbeck; draw off three Pints of Strong-water, sweeten'd with Su∣gar, and keep it for use. 'Tis good in a weak Sto∣mach, and is Cordial. Sy∣rup of Cinnamon of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of the best Cinna∣mon, beaten a little, three Ounces; infuse it three Days in hot Fountain-wa∣ter, afterwards distil it in B. M. take a Pint of this Water; of Clarified Sugar, boyl'd over a gentle Fire, to the Consistence of Tab∣lets, have a Pound: Make a Syrup. The Cinnamon-tree and the Cassia-tree seem to be the same. The Cinnamon-tree grows as commonly in the Island of Zeiland, in the Hedges and Woods, as the Hazel-tree doth in our Country; and the Inhabitants value it no more; for they commonly make Fires of it, and cut it for any common use.

Common Cinque-foil, or Five-leav'd Grass, in La∣tin

Pentaphyllum Vulgatissi∣mum.

'Tis Vulnerary, and Astringent. It stops Fluxes of the Belly, Bleeding at Nose, and the Hemor∣rhoids. 'Tis good for Spit∣ting of Blood, and a Cough. 'Tis also commended for a Palsie, a Consumption, the Gout, and Jaundice. 'Tis also reckon'd good for the Stone, and Erosions of the Kidnies; for Ruptures and Fevers. 'Tis used outward∣ly for the Eyes, when they are inflam'd, the Juice of it being drop'd into them: And also for Loosness of the Teeth, and putrid Gums. It cleanses also ma∣lignant Ulcers. The A∣stringent Virtue of it is most remarkable, by means whereof it does what it does. One Dram of the Powder of the Root, taken before the Fit, cures A∣gues. Spon. in his Book of Fevers and Febrifuges, says, that Cinquefoil is a Plant somewhat bitter, and very astringent; whereby it strengthens the Fibres of the Stomach, relax'd by a Fever, and fixes and sweet∣ens its Acid. Hippocrates used this Plant to cure Fe∣vers. But, without doubt, it was more effectual in Greece, where Hippocrates liv'd, than here: For, most Plants have more Virtue in hot Countries, than in cold; especially those that are somewhat Aromatick. It has also been found by Experience, that the Roots of it cure Ulcers of the Mouth.

Citrons, in Latin Ma∣lus Citria.

Every part of the Citron, the outward and inward Bark, the Juice and Pulp, and the Seeds, are of great use in Physick. The outward yellow Bark hath a curious Aromatick Smell, and bitter Taste. Being dried, it is very Cor∣dial, and Alexipharmick. It heats and corroborates a cold and windy Stomach. It discusses Wind powerful∣ly, concocting and digest∣ing crude Humours that are contain'd in the Sto∣mach or Bowels. Being chewed in the Mouth, it cures a Stinking Breath, promotes Concoction of the Meat, and is good for Melancholy. 'Tis much commended for Hypochon∣driacal

Diseases, for Va∣pours, Wind, the Palpita∣tion of the Heart, Obstru∣ctions and Weakness of the Bowels. The Powder of the outward Bark of O∣ranges and Limons is rec∣kon'd good for the same. Being candied; 'tis used for Second Courses: And mix∣ed with Cordial Electua∣ries, 'tis used against Con∣tagion. It loosens the Bel∣ly; upon which Account an Electuary is made of it, called the Solutive Electu∣ary of Citron; good to evacuate Flegmatick and Cold Humours. It may be also safely given when Choler is mix'd with Flegm. The Pulp or Juice, tho' it be not so acid as the Juice of Limons, yet▪ is it much more cooling than that. 'Tis very proper in Burn∣ing and Pestilential Fevers, to quench Thirst, to sup∣press too great a Fermenta∣tion of the Blood, to re∣create the Spirits, and quic∣ken the Appetite. 'Tis al∣so reckon'd good for a Gid∣diness in the Head. The Seeds are Cord••••l and Ale∣xipharmick; are good for the Biting of Scorpions, and other venomous Crea∣tures. They strengthen the Heart, and defend it from the Contagion of the Plague and Small-Pox. They kill the Worms of the Stomach and Bowels, provoke the Courses, and cause Abor∣tion. They digest crude and watery Humours, and dry them up both within and without. There is a strange Story of two that were condemn'd to be de∣stroy'd by Serpents; and as they were passing to Execution, by chance, a Person that had a Citron in his Hand, gave it them to eat, and soon after they were flung to the Serpents, and were much bit by them, but their Poyson made no Impression upon them, and the Men esca∣ped with their Lives. Up∣on this, Enquiry was made what they had eat or drunk? And a Citron be∣ing the only thing that had been given them, 'twas or∣der'd, one of them should eat a Citron the next Day, and that then they should be expos'd again to the Serpents: He that had eat∣en the Citron escap'd, as

before; the other soon pe∣rish'd. And afterwards it was found by many Expe∣riments, that Citron was good against Poyson. The Solutive Electuary of Ci∣tron, of the London-Dispen∣satory, is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Take of Citron-peel candied, of Conserve of the Flowers of Violets and Bugloss, of the Species of Diatragacanth frigid, and of Diagrydium▪ each half an Ounce; of Turbith five Drams, of Ginger half a Dram, of the Leaves of Sena six Drams, of the Seeds of Sweet-Fen∣nel one Dram, of White Sugar dissolv'd in Rose-water, and boyl'd up ac∣cording to Art, ten Oun∣ces; beat in a Brass-Mor∣tar the Turbith and Gin∣ger, (being first cut small) the Sena, Fennel, and the Diagrydium must be poun∣ded a-part, and must be mix'd with a little of the Powder of Diatragacanth made fresh; the Bark of the Citron must be pound∣ed in a Marble-Mortar; then add the Conserves, pulp'd through a fine Sieve, and boyl'd a little in the Sugar dissolv'd; take it off the Fire, and when it is just warm put in the Powders, and last of all the Diagry∣dium and the Diatraga∣canth; and of this Paste make Tablets. Syrup of the Juice of Citrons, of the London-Dispensatory, is made in the following manner: Take of the Juice of Ci∣trons strain'd one Pint, let it stand till it is clear; add to it of White Sugar clari∣fied, and boyl'd to the Con∣sistence of Tablets, two Pounds; make a Syrup by boyling of it just up, and no more. Syrup of the Bark of Citrons is made in the following manner: Take of the yellow Peel of Citrons, ripe and fresh, five Ounces; of the Grains of Kerms, or of their Juice, two Drams, of Fountain-water three Pints; infuse them all Night in B. M. strain it, add two Pounds and an half of White Sugar, and boyl it to a Syrup, accord∣ing to Art, in B. M. Half of it must be without Musk; the other half must be Aromatiz'd with three Grains of Musk, tied up in a Rag.

Citruls, in Latin Ci∣trullus.

The Fruit of it is cold and moist, and very fit to quench the Thirst; wherefore the Italians re∣fresh themselves in Sum∣mer-time with the Pulp of it. 'Tis good in Burning Fevers, and for a dry Tongue. The Seed of it is one of the Greater Cold Seeds.

Cloves, in Latin Caryo∣phyllus Aromaticus.

Cloves heat and dry. The In∣dians, two Days before they sell their Cloves, place a large Vessel of Water in the Room where the Cloves are; and it all soon evapo∣rates, and goes into the Cloves; and so the weight of them is much increas'd. Cloves perfume the Breath; for which Reason the In∣dian Women frequently chew them, and such like things. They are said to clear the Sight, and to take off Clouds from the Eyes. They strengthen the Sto∣mach, and take off Vo∣miting and Nauseousness. They provoke Venery, and are good for all cold Dis∣eases of the Brain; as, A∣poplexies, Lethargies, Pal∣sie, or the like. They are used to correct the Air, by being burnt or eaten. But the chief use of them is in the Kitchin, for Sauces, and the like. They are also used to perfume Clothes, an Orange being stuck full of them, and put into the Chest to the Clothes. Some put them into Wine or Beer, and they impart to it a pleasant Smell and Taste. They are put into a Bag, or sow'd up in a Cloth, and worn upon the Stomach, to stop Vomiting, and to take off Pains of the Stomach, proceeding from a cold Cause. Some pow∣der their Heads with the Powder of them, to take off Dulness and Pains of the Head. Cloves candied, taste very pleasantly, and are proper for a cold Sto∣mach. Oyl of Cloves by Distillation is good for in∣ward and outward use. Oyl of Cloves, per descen∣sum, is made in the follow∣ing manner. Take several large Drinking-glasses, co∣ver them with a Linnen Cloth, and tie it round each of them, leaving a

Cavity in each Cloth, to put the powder'd Cloves into; set a small Earthen Cup upon each Glass of these Cloves, let it stop so ••••••ly, that it may suffer no Air to enter between its Brim and that of the Glass; fill the Cups with hot Ashes, to warm the Cloves, and distil down to the bottom of the Glasses first a little Flegm and Spirit, and af∣ter that a clear and white Oyl; continue the Fire, until there falls no more; separate the Oyl in a Tun∣nel lined with a Cornet of Brown Paper, and keep it in a Viol well stop'd. Some Drops of it are, with Cotton, put into aching Teeth. 'Tis likewise good in Malignant Fevers, and the Plague. The Dose is two or three Drops in Balm-water, or some ap∣propriate Liquor. You must mix it with a little Sugar-candy, or a little Yolk of an Egg, before you drop it into the Wa∣ter, otherwise it will not dissolve in the Water. I have given you this Pre∣paration, to serve upon an Emergency, when you want, in haste, the Oyl of Cloves. You must only use hot Ashes to warm the Cloves, if you desire White Oyl; for, if you give a greater Heat, the Oyl turns red; and besides, a great part of it will be lost. You must also take care to lift up the Cup from time to time, to stir about the Powder. Some do dissolve Opium in Oyl of Cloves, and use this Dissolution for the Tooth-ach; they put one Drop of it into the ach∣ing Tooth and it soon takes off the Pain. The Spirit of Cloves, which is made at the same time the Oyl is made, is a good Stomachick: It helps Con∣coction, comforts the Heart, and increases Seed. The Dose is, from six Drops to twenty, in some convenient Liquor. Cloves grow spon∣taneously in the Moloca-Islands. Those that are good are black, solid and weighty, smell well, are hard to break, and bite the Tongue much; and when they are broken their Liquor sweats out. They may be kept five Years in a temperate place.

Coccus Baphica.

See Kermes.

Cockle, in Latin Pseu∣domelanthium.

It grows every where amongst Corn and Flowers, in June and July. It cures the Itch, and heals Wounds ann Fi∣stula's, and stops Blood. But the Virtues of it are doubted by some: Yet Sennertus commends it in Stopping of Bleeding.

Coco-Nut-tree, in La∣tin Palma Coccifera.

A Li∣quor is drawn from this Tree, called Suri, which intoxicates like Wine▪ It hath a pleasant, sweet Taste. An hot Water, or Spirit, is drawn from it by Distillation. Sugar also, and Vinegar is made of it. Fine polish'd Cups, tip'd with Silver, are made of the Bark of it. The Li∣quor, or Wine, is very good for Consumptions, and excellent for Diseases of the Urine and Reins. A Milk is drawn from the Kernels beat and press'd, without the help of Fire, which is very good for kil∣ling Worms, eight Ounces of it being taken in a Morning, with a little Salt. The Liquor contain'd in the Kernel extinguishes Thirst, cures Fevers, clens∣es the Eyes and the Skin, purifies the Blood, purges the Stomach and Urinary Passages, relieves the Breast, tastes pleasantly, and yields a great Nourishment. 'Tis said of it, that it is Meat, Drink and Cloth. Choco∣let is made of it. It grows in the Spanish West-In∣dies, and laste an hundred Years.

Coculus Indus.

'Tis un∣certain where these Berries grow; but the chief use of them is for catching Fish, a Paste being made for them of White Flower and the Powder of the Berries: For the Fish, by eating of this Paste, become giddy and stupid, and so are easi∣ly taken: But it is questi∣onable whether Fish so ta∣ken may be safely eaten; perhaps if they are gutted as soon as they are taken, and boyl'd, they may be eaten without hurt. A Per∣son who went to buy Cu∣bebs of an Apothecary, had

these Berries deliver'd to him by a Mistake; and when he had taken not above four of them, he was presently seiz'd with a Vomiting, the Hiccups, and Faintness: But a Vomit being presently given him, he recover'd within an Hour.

Coffee, in Latin Caova.

The Decoction of it strengthens a cold Stomach, helps Concoction, and o∣pens Obstructions of the Bowels, and is good for cold Tumors of the Liver and Spleen. It heats the Womb, and frees it from Obstructions: Upon which Account, the Egyptian and Arabian Women use it fre∣quently. But it is most ta∣ken notice of for removing Drowsiness. But tho it be so commonly used, and so very proper and effectual in some Cases; yet in other Cases perhaps it may be hurtful, or, at least, not so beneficial: For it is com∣monly observ'd, that Cof∣fee-drinkers are often very lean, and become Parali∣tick, and impotent as to Venery. But, indeed, in most Diseases of the Head, as, for Giddiness, Head-aches, Lethargies, Catarrhs, and the like, Coffee is often used with good Success by those that are of a gross Habit of Body, and of a cold Constitution, and whose Blood is watery, their Brains moist, and their Animal Spirits dull; for, being taken daily, it wonderfully clears the Spi∣rits, and dissipates those Clouds of all the Functions. But on the contrary, they who are of a thin Habit of Body, and an hot and melancholy Constitution, ought, by all means, to forbear Coffee. And be∣sides, those that have but weak Spirits, or are subject to a Trembling, or Num∣ness of the Limbs, ought not to drink Coffee, tho' they are afflicted with the Head-ach: Nor ought they who are subject to the Pal∣pitation of the Heart. 'Tis reckon'd good in a Scorbu∣tick Gout, and for the Gra∣vel. The Goodness of Cof∣fee chiefly depends on the exact roasting of it. Ber∣nier says, there were only two Men that knew how

to roast them right in Grand Cayro. For few know the manner and degree of Tor∣rifaction; for if they are never so little over or un∣der-roasted, they are spoyl∣ed. Coffee is adulterated with burnt Crusts of Bread, roasted Beans▪ and the like. 'Tis commonly boyl'd in Copper or Tin-Pots, but Ear••hen are best for it, for it is probable that Metals too often impart something of their Substance to the Liquor. It hath been ob∣serv'd that, upon Distilla∣tion, a Pound of good clean Coffee, the Vessels being well luted, hath yielded four Ounces and an half of Flegm, with a little Vola∣tile Spirit, mix'd with Salt; and two Ounces and five Drams of a thick, black Oyl, which being rectified, became yellow; the Caput mortuum weighed about four Ounces; so that about a fourth part evaporated, notwithstanding the Vessels were so closely cemented. Upon which, we may rea∣sonably conjecture, that Coffee contains many Par∣ticles that are Volatile and Penetrative; whereby it is probable it keeps Men wa∣king. Many that have been very subject to Ne∣phritick Pains have been cured by taking Coffee of∣ten. Women use it to cleanse the Teeth. One that was seiz'd with a vio∣lent Cholera, and painful Convulsions, from an In∣ternal Cause, was cured in a short time, by taking a great quantity of Coffee; which was retain'd in the Stomach, when the Tin∣cture of Opium, Mint-water, and the like, were vomited up. This little Tree grows only in that part of Arabia Foelix which is situated betwixt the Tro∣picks: And the Arabians take such Care that it should not be planted any where else, that they de∣stroy the Vegetative Virtue of the Seed, either by boyl∣ing or burning it, before they will part with it out of their Hands. And they are much in the right; for they get infinite Treasure by this one Commodity: Upon which Account, at least, it may be called Ara∣bia Foelix. No one can imagine how many Thou∣sand

Bushels of it are ex∣ported yearly. 'Tis fre∣quently used through all the Provinces of the Turkish Empire. Vestingius says, there are some Thousands of Coffee-houses in Grand Cayre. And it is as com∣monly used in Africa and Barbery, and lately in Eu∣rope. Certainly in England the King hath a great Re∣venue by it, for I believe there may be now as many Coffee-houses in London as in Grand Cayre. Besides, in other Parts of England there is scarce a Town of Note, but hath one or more Cof∣fee-houses in it.

Coloquintida, in Latin Colocynthis.

'Tis a violent Medicine: It purges thick and glutinous Flegm, and other Humours, from the remotest parts of the Body; as, from the Head, Nerves, Joints, and the like; for which reason it is commended, and is used successfully for inveterate Head-aches, an Apoplexy, Falling-sickness, Vertigo, Asthma, Cough, cold Diseases of the Joints, Flatulent Cholicks, a Drop∣sie, and the like. But be∣fore it is used it ought to be well powder'd, and fat and Lubricating things ought to be mix'd with it, to attemperate the Acrimo∣ny of it. 'Tis an Ingre∣dient of the Pill Cochiae ma∣jores and minores, and of the Pill Rudii, of the Pill E¦duobus, and of the Fetid Pill, and of the Pill of Her∣modactils, and of some others. The Troches of Alhandel are made of it, in the following manner: Take of the Pulp of Colo∣quintida that is white and smooth, and freed from the Seeds, and cut small, and well rub'd with Oyl of Sweet Almonds, and at two Days end finely pow∣der'd, ten Ounces; of the Gums Arabeck, Traga∣canth and Bdellium, each six Drams; infuse the Gums for three or four Days, in a sufficient quan∣tity of Rose-water, till they are quite melted; and then with the said Pulp, and part of the Musilage of the Gums▪ make Troches, which must be dried in the Shade, and made up again with the rest of the Musi∣lage.

Contrayerva, in Latin Drakena radix.

The Root of it is Alexipharmick. The Powder of it is an ex∣cellent Remedy against all Poysons, except Sublimate: It expels Worms, and cures Agues. Clusius gave it the Name of Drakena, because Sir Francis Drake gave it him. Take of the Pow∣der of the Roots of Con∣trayerna, Virginian-Snake∣weed, and Butter-bur, each one Dram; of Cochinelle, and Saffron, each half a Dram; mingle them, and make a Powder. The Dose is half a Dram, in a con∣venient Vehicle. This is a sweating Medicine, and is proper to expel Malig∣nity.

Coral, in Latin Coral∣lium.

'Tis of a stony, dense Substance, and looks very fine when it is po∣lish'd. 'Tis commonly be∣liev'd that it is soft when it is under Water, but that is a vulgar Error; for those who fish for it say, that it is as hard and stony under Water as it is above, only it is cover'd with a soft, Mossy Bark. It hath an astringent Virtue, espe∣cially when it is burnt, and reduc'd to a Powder. It stops all Fluxes of the Bel∣ly, and of the Womb, and the Running of the Reins; but whether it comforts the Heart, or prevents Children's Convulsions, as 'tis said, is uncertain. 'Tis used outwardly for Ulcers, which it incarns. 'Tis also used to clear the Sight. Nurses in England hang it about Children's Necks, to promote Cutting of the Teeth; for, by reason it is soft and cold, Children love to have their Gums rub'd with it; and so the Eruption of the Teeth is render'd more easie: But we do not believe it doth conduce any thing, by an occult Quality, to the easie Breeding or Cutting of the Teeth. Tincture of Coral is much commended in Pe∣stilential Fevers. Coral is prepar'd by grinding it on a Marble, to a fine Pow∣der; and this is called pre∣par'd Coral. 'Tis used for the Bloody-Flux, a Loos∣ness, the Flux of the He∣morrhoids, and the Cours∣es, and for all other Di∣stempers

that are occa∣sion'd by an Acrimony of Humors, this being an Al∣cali that destroys it. The Dose is from ten Grains to a Dram, in Knot-grass-water, or some other pro∣per Liquor. Dissolution of Coral is made in the follow∣ing manner: Take what quantity you please of Co∣ral, ground fine on a Mar∣ble, put it into a large Ma∣trass, and pour upon it as much distill'd Vinegar as will rise the breadth of four Fingers above the Matter; there will hap∣pen a great Effervescency, which being over, set it in Digestion in warm Sand for two Days, stirring the Matrass from time to time; leave the Coral to settle at bottom, and decant the clear Liquor into a Bottle: Pour again so much distill'd Vinegar on the Remainder as before, and leave it two Days in Digestion; sepa∣rate the clear Liquor, and continue to add more di∣still'd Vinegar, and to draw off the Impregnation, until all the Coral is in a man∣ner dissolv'd; then mix your Dissolutions, and pour them into a Glass-Cucur∣bite, or else into an Earth∣en one; evapotate in Sand two thirds of the Liquor, or till there appears upon it a very fine Skin; filtrate this Impregnation, and keep it, in order to make the Salt and Majestery, as I shall shew by and by. The Dissolution may be given for the same Purpo∣ses as the Salt. The Dose is, from ten to twenty Drops, in some proper Li∣quor. Red Coral is gene∣rally used, because it is thought to have more Vir∣tue than the rest. Maje∣stery of Coral is made in the following manner: Take what quantity you please of the Impregnation of Coral, made with di∣still'd Vinegar; pour it in∣to a Viol, or Matrass, and drop into it the Liquor of the Salt of Tartar, made per Deliquium; a Curd will appear, which will precipitate to the bottom in a very white Powder; decant the clear Liquor, and wash your Powder five or six times with Water, dry it: It is that which is called the Majestery of Co∣ral.

Great Virtues are at∣tributed to it: It fortifies the Heart, resists Poyson, stops the Bloody-Flux, and all other Hemorrhagies. The Dose is, from ten to thirty Grains, in some pro∣per Liquor. Salt of Coral is made in the following manner: Take what quan∣tity you please of the Dis∣solution of Coral, made of distill'd Vinegar, pour it in∣to a Glass-Cucurbite, or Earthen Pan, and evapo∣rate in Sand all the Moist∣ure; there will remain at hottom a Salt of Coral; keep it in a Viol well stop∣ped. 'Tis given for the same Reason as the Maje∣stery is: The Dose of it is less, being from five to fif∣teen Grains. Simple Syrup of Coral of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of Red Coral four Ounces, dissolve it with the Heat of a Bath, in a Pint of the Juice of Barberries clarifi∣ed; it must be put into a Matrass, well stop'd; and having digested it three or four Days, pour off that which is dissolv'd, and pour on more Juice, as before; and so proceed, till all the Coral is dissolv'd; add a Pound and an half of Su∣gar to one Pint of this Juice, and boyl it gently to a Syrup in B. M. Com∣pound Syrup of Coral is made in the following manner: Take of Red Coral, ground fine upon a Porphyry-stone, with a lit∣tle Rose-water, six Oun∣ces; of the clear Juice of Limons, freed from its Flegm in B. M. sixteen Ounces; of the clear Juice of Barberries eight Ounces, of sharp White-wine Vine∣gar, and of clear Juice of Wood-Sorrel, each six Oun∣ces; mingle them, and put them into a Viol, stop'd close with a Cork and a Bladder, shaking it daily till it hath digested eight Days in a Bath, or Horse-dung; then filtrate, and take of it a Pint and an half, and of the Juice of Quinces half a Pint, of Su∣gar of Roses twelve Oun∣ces; mingle them, make a Syrup according to Art, in a Bath, adding of Syrup of Gillyflowers sixteen Oun∣ces; keep it for use. Sy∣rup of Coral is very cool∣ing:

'Tis good in Fevers, for Fluxes, the Running of the Reins, the Whites in Women, and for Spitting of Blood. Coral grows plentifully in Spain and Catalonia; sometimes the Branches of it are so large, as to weigh three or four Pounds.

Coral-tree, in Latin Arbor Corallii.

Sheaths for Swords and Knives are made of the Root of it. The Leaves powder'd, and boyl'd to the thickness of an Ointment, cure Vene∣rial Buboes, and asswage the Pain of the Bones. Rub'd and applied to the Temples, they ease the Head-ach, and cure Ul∣cers.

The Cork-tree, in La∣tin Suber.

The Bark of it rub'd in hot Water, stops a Flux of Blood: The Ashes of it do the same. But it is chiefly used to Anchors for Ships, and for Fishing-Tackling, and to stop Bottles, In some part of Spain they make Tiles of it, to cover their Hou∣ses. It grows in Spain, and in some other Pla∣ces.

Costus.

It heats much, forces Urine and the Cour∣ses, and is good for Dis∣eases of the Womb. Half an Ounce of it taken in a proper Liquor, is good for the Biting of Vipers. It stimulates Venery, and ex∣pels broad Worms, by rea∣son of the Bitterness that is in it.

Cotton, in Latin Gossi∣pium.

'Tis commonly used to line Clothes, to keep out the Cold: And there is no sort of Flax so soft and white as it is. As to its use in Physick; being burnt it stops Bleeding, especial∣ly Wounds. The Marrow of the Seed wonderfully re∣lieves those that are subject to Coughs, and Difficulty of Breathing. It increases Seed, and is a Provocative to Venery. The Oyl of the Pith of the Seed takes off Spots from the Skin. The Down fired, and put under the Nostrils, pre∣vents Mother-fits. It grows in the Island of Crete, be∣twixt Jerusalem and Da∣mascus;

where there are whole Fields Sown with it.

Couhage, or Cow-itch, in Latin Phaseolus Zurraten∣sis.

The Bristles of the Cods occasion violent Itch∣ing.

Indian Cress, in Latin Nasturtium Indicum.

The Flowers of it smell and look very pleasantly in Sal∣lets. 'Tis good for a weak and cold Stomach, and for Wind. It grows in Peru.

Crown-Imperial, in Latin Corona Imperialis.

It came from Constantinople, but it grows now frequent∣ly in our Gardens here in England, and flowers in April, and sometimes in March, if that Season of the Year be warmer than ordinary. The Turks use the Drops in the Flower to make them vomit: And some use them to hasten Delivery.

Cumin, in Latin Cumi∣num.

The Seed of it re∣solves and discusses Wind; and therefore is good in the Cholick, for a Timpany▪ and a Vertigo. Taken in Sweet Wine, it relieves those that are afflicted with a Difficulty and Heat of Urine. Boyl'd with Figs, in Wine, it cures a Cough, and cleanses the Breast. 'Tis conveniently baked with Bread, for it helps Concoction, and dissipates Wind. But the frequent use of it, in a large quanti∣ty, renders the Counte∣nance pale. It cures a Stinking Breath. The Chy∣mical Oyl of it is excellent for Wind, and Uterine Dis∣eases. An Empirick had mighty Success by pouring some Drops of it upon a Toast, and applying it to the Navel. 'Tis sown in abundance in the Island of Melita. The Plaster of Cumin of the London-Dis∣pensatory is made in the following manner: Take of the Seeds of Cumin, of Lawrel-berries, and Yellow Wax, each one Pound; of Rosin of the Pine two Pounds, of com∣mon Rosin two Pounds, of Oyl of Dill half a Pound; mingle them, and make a Plaster. 'Tis good

for Windy Ruptures, and the like.

Cubebs, in Latin Cu∣bebae.

Cubebs are like Pep∣per, and sometimes a little larger. They heat and dry. They strengthen the Sto∣mach when it is oppress'd with Wind or Flegm. They purge the Breast, by carry∣ing off clammy and gross Humours. They releive the Spleen, and expel Wind, and cure cold Dis∣eases of the Womb. Being chew'd with Mastick often, they strengthen the Brain, and draw Flegm from the Head. Being infus'd in Wine, they provoke Vene∣ry, and heat the Stomach; they cleanse the Urinary Passages, and expel Gravel from the Reins and Blad∣der. They are an Ingre∣dient in the Compound Spi∣rit and Water of Worm-wood of the London-Dis∣pensatory.

Sweet Cyperus, in La∣tin Cyperus longus.

The Root of it is Stomachick and U∣terine. 'Tis chiefly used in provoking Urine and the Courses. It takes off Cru∣dities of the Stomach, and cures the Dropsie at the Beginning, and the Cho∣lick; and cures a Stinking Breath, being chew'd in the Mouth. Being bruis'd, and boyl'd, or infus'd in Oyl, and applied to the Reins, it expels Gravel, and provokes Urine. If the Roots are powder'd, and mix'd with Hony and Sugar and a little Wine, and boyl'd together, and then cut into Slices, and infus'd in Broth, they taste like Candied Ginger. The Twigs and Roots dried in the Sun, and sprinkled with Vinegar, and beat to pie∣ces, perfume Clothes. The Spanish and Italian Women use the Roots of it so pre∣par'd, for Perfumes. One Dram of the Powder of the Root, with a Spike of La∣vender, hastens Delivery, and expels the Secundine. Take of the Roots of Ele∣campane. Sweet-smelling Flag, and Cyperus, each half an Ounce; of the Leaves of Mint, Sage, Marjoram, Calamint, and Wormwood, each half an Handful; of Cyperus-nuts, Myrtles, Galls and Balau∣stians,

each one Dram; of Red Roses one Pugil; boyl them in equal parts of Smith's Water and Red Wine, to a Quart; in the strain'd Liquor dissolve one Ounce of Salt and Allum; foment the Region of the Pubis and Perinaeum hot, Morning and Evening. This is commended for an Incontinence of Urine.

D.

DAte-tree, in Latin Dactylus.

'Tis astrin∣gent, and is used for Fluxes of the Belly, and the Whites. It stops Bleeding, and cures Wounds. The Fresh are more astringent than the Dry, but they occasion the Head-ach; and if many of them are eaten they intoxi∣cate when they are dry. They stop Spitting of Blood, and are good for the Bloody-Flux. A De∣coction of them is a ve∣ry astringent Gargarism. Boyl'd in Wine, they take off Proud Flesh, and Cica∣tris'd Ulcers. A Decoction of it makes the Hair black. And being taken inwardly, it cures Diseases of the Reins and Bladder. When they are ripe they are good for an Hoarsness and Coughs, Difficulty of Breathing, a Pleurisie, and a Peripneumonia. They are an Ingredient of the Pectoral Decoction of the London-Dispensatory. Take of Dates cleansed number Ten, of Raisins of the Sun three Ounces; boyl them in Oxycrate, afterwards beat them, and add, of Camomile-flowers, and of the Flowers of Melilot and Red Roses, each one Pu∣gil; of Spikenard and Ca∣mel's-Hay, each one Dram; of the Seed of Smallage and Parsly, each half a Dram; of Endive and Pur∣slain, each one Dram and an half; of the Oyl of Wormwood and Roses, each one Ounce; of Barly-meal two Ounces; make a Pultis. This is used for Inflammations and Ulcers of the Liver.

Dittany of Crete, in La∣tin Dictamnus Creticus.

It hath all the Virtues that Penny-royal has, but it is

much more effectual; for it expels a dead Child, not only by taking of it in∣wardly, but also by out∣ward Application, and by Fume. 'Tis said, that the Goats in Crete, when they are wounded by Darts, extract them, and so are cured by feeding on it. It has, more∣over, a Purgative Quality. Being applied to the Soles of the Feet, or any other Part of the Body, it draws out Thorns. It also eases the Pain of the Spleen. The Root of it tastes hot, and hastens Delivery. And so great is the Virtue of this Herb, that the Smell of it drives away Venomous Creatures, and kills them if they but touch it: But this seems improbable. The Juice of it applied to Wounds made by a Sword, or by the Biting of Venom∣ous Creatures, is a present Remedy, if, at the same time it be also taken in∣wardly. Hippocrates counts it the best Remedy to expel the Secundine, and a False Conception. Being taken in Wine it provokes the Courses, and hastens Deli∣very so powerfully, that it ought not to be kept in the Chamber, or near where Big-belly'd Women are. A Woman that was in a de∣sperate Condition by rea∣son of a dead Child, was soon deliver'd by taking the Powder of the Leaves of this Herb. Take of Dit∣tany of Crete one Dram, of Saf••ron one Scruple, of Gromwel. Annise-seed, and Misleto of the Oak, each three Drams; beat them, and infuse them twenty four Hours, and then boyl them a little in good White-wine: Give four Ounces of this Decoction at a time. This is much commended by Quercetan, for a Sup∣pression of the Courses.

Dragon's-blood, in La∣tin Sanguis Draconis.

'Tis a Gum, or Rosin, of a deep red Colour. Being held to the Fire, it soon melts: And if it be cast upon the Fire, it flames. If it be rub'd upon any thing, it makes it red; but it mixes difficulty with Oyl, and Water. 'Tis of an astrin∣gent Virtue, and is fre∣quently used in the Bloody-Flux, and for other Fluxes;

for Spitting of Blood, and to settle the Teeth when they are loose. Gold-smiths and Jewellers make use of it for Foils for their Pre∣cious Stones and Jewels: And Glasiers paint Glass red with it. Take of the Water of Orange-flowers▪ of Plantain, and of Roses, each one Ounce; of Sy∣rup of Coral, or, for want of it, of dried Roses, one Ounce; of Sal Prunella one Dram, of Dragon's-blood half a Scruple; make a Po∣tion. This is used for an immoderate Flux of the Child-bed-Purgations. Take of Amber and Mastich, two Drams; of Dragon's-blood, Lapis Haematitis, and Red Coral, each one Dram; of Balaustians, and the Seeds of Plantane, of Cro∣cus Matis Astringent one Ounce; powder them all, and with a sufficient quan∣tity of Peruvian Balsam, and Syrup of Quinces, make a Mass for Pills. The Dose is half a Dram, or a Dram, Morning, and Evening. These Pills are used for the Virulent Run∣ning of the Reins: But they must be given only at the Declination of it, when there only appears a little, thin, waterish Humour, which glues the Entrance of the Ʋrethra; for, if you give them sooner, you may stifle the Matter, and so cause an Hernia Humoralis: if, after the Gonorrhaea be cured, you suspect you have not enough secur'd the Patient from the Malignity, you must purge him. Dra∣gon's-blood comes from one of the Canary-Islands, called Portus Sanctus, near the Madera's.

E.

EBony, in Latin Ebe∣nus.

The Wood is as black as Pitch, and as smooth as polish'd Ivory. 'Tis good for the Diseases of the Eyes. Many sorts of things are made of it; as, Cases, Chests, Combs, Frames for Pictures and Looking-glasses, and the like. An English Man that was frequently seiz'd with Flatulent Convulsions, was cured by using a Decoction of Ebony for the space of

forty Days; whereby he did sweat much.

White Ellebore, or Hel∣lebore, in Latin Helleborus albus.

The Root of White Hellebore, which is only in use in Physick, purges ve∣ry violently upward and downward; yet it may be used, says Tragus, being in∣fus'd twenty four Hours in Wine or Oxymel, and af∣terwards dried: Half a Dram of it, so prepar'd, may be given in Wine to Mad and Melancholy Peo∣ple. But either of the Hel∣lebores, says Gesn••r, may be used inoffensively, being boyl'd to a Syrup with Ho∣ny and Vinegar; and are very useful for many Fleg∣matick Diseases, especially of the Breast and Head; as, an Asthma, Difficulty of Breathing, and the Falling-sickness. They wonderful∣ly purge the Belly, the U∣rine, and all the Passages. In the Use of White Helle∣bore two Things are chiefly to be minded: First, That the Diseases are very obsti∣nate: And Secondly, That the Patient hath sufficient Strength to bear the Ope∣ration. Wherefore the Root ought not to be given to Old Men, Women, or Children, or to such as are weakly, and costive in the Body: And the Hellebore ought to be well prepar'd. The old Way of giving of it was, with Horse-Radish, which they used three Ways; for, either they stuck the Roots into Horse-Radish, and continu'd them in it twenty four Hours; and afterwards, the Roots being taken out, they gave the Horse-Radish: Or they infus'd the Horse-Radish, stuck with the Roots, in Oxymel, in B. M. and gave only the Oxymel: Or, they left the Horse-Radish so prepar'd all Night, and in the Morning infus'd it in Oxymel, having first cast away the Hellebore; and then they gave the Oxymel. But Parkinson says, the best Way of preparing it is, to infuse it in the Juice of Quinces; or to roast it un∣der Ashes, in a Quince. If, upon taking Hellebore, there is danger of Suffoca∣tion, the eating of Quinces, or the taking the Juice or Syrup of it, is a present

Remedy. The Root boyl'd in Vinegar, and retain'd a while in the Mouth, takes off the Pain of the Teeth. A Decoction of it made in Lee kills Lice, aad cleanses the Head from Scurf, it being wash'd with it: And mix'd with some Ointment, it does the same, and cures the Itch, and other Vices of the Skin. Made up in∣to a Paste, it kills several Animals; as, Moles, Mice, Weaslles, Birds, and the like. The Powder of it blown up into the Nostrils, occasions Sneezing; where∣fore it is called in English Sneez-wort. Parkinson says, the Spaniards make a Poy∣son of the Juice of the Root, being fermented in an Earthen Pot; where∣with they anoint their Ar∣rows, that the Wounds in∣flicted by them may be ren∣der'd incurable. 'Tis very strange that this Poyson ta∣ken into the Body should not be deadly, and yet that the Wound touch'd with it should be so. But the same may be said of the Poyson of Vipers; which being ta∣ken inwardly, occasions no deadly Symptoms; but be∣ing mix'd with the Blood▪ through the Orifice of a Wound, or Puncture, soon kills, unless the Party is im∣mediately reliev'd by pro∣per Remedies. To con∣clude, both Hellebores were formerly used for Me∣lancholy and Mad People, and now they are only used in great Diseases; as, for the Falling-sickness, Giddi∣ness, Madness, Dropsie, Hip Gout, Convulsions, and the like. The Extract of Hellebore of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of the Roots of White Hel∣lebore cut one Pound, of Fountain-water six Quarts; infuse them three Days, then boyl it half away, and press it out strong∣ly; to the strain'd Liquor add three Pounds of Hony, and boyl it to the Consi∣stence of Hony, and keep it in a Glass for use. It grows in hilly and rough Grounds, not only in Greece, and Italy, and o∣ther hot Countries, but al∣so in Germany.

True Black Ellebore, or Hellebore, in Latin Hellebo∣rus

niger.

It purges strong∣ly melancholy Humours, and therefore consequently is a good Medicine for all those Diseases which take their Rise from thence; as, Madness, Hypochon∣driacal Passion, and Ele∣phantiasis, Herpes, Cancers, Giddiness, Falling-sickness, Apoplexy, and the Itch. But it is to be noted, that it ought to be given only to strong People. There is less danger in the Deco∣ction of it. 'Tis corrected with Mastich, Cinnamon, Annise-seeds, Fennel-seeds, and the like. Some say, that Black Hellebore, right∣ly prepar'd, is a very inno∣cent Medicine; and that it may be given to Women and Children, and to weak∣ly People. The Dose of it, in substance, is, from fif∣teen Grains to half a Dram, or two Scruples: Those that are very strong may take a Dram. 'Tis given in Infusion, or Decoction, from a Dram to two Drams. When it is taken in sub∣stance, the form of it is a Powder; as, Take of Black Hellebore two Scruples; of Ginger, Mastich, Red Roses, Cinnamon, and An∣nise-seeds, each four Grains; mingle them in Broth: Chil∣dren may take a Scruple. 'Tis also made up into Pills, with some convenient Sy∣rup. The Virtue of the Root is wholly in the Fi∣bres, and the Bark. 'Tis best corrected with Cloves. Hartman commends, for an immoderate Flux of the Courses, a Girdle made with the fresh Leaves of Black Hellebore, and worn about the Loins. Take of Black Hellebore two Scru∣ples, infuse them in a suffi∣cient quantity of Rose-Vi∣negar, or in Whey, for twenty four Hours, then dry it, and reduce it to a Powder, and add to it of Annise-seeds and Cinna∣mon, each half a Scruple; mingle them, and make a Powder. This is com∣mended by Margravius, as a fit Purge for melancholy People.

Euphorbium.

'Tis a concreted Juice, that is ve∣ry acrid. You must chuse that which is pure, yellow, and acrid; which being just touch'd by the Tongue,

heats the Mouth a long while after; but it grows milder by Time; and therefore, when it is fresh, it ought to be used with great Caution. It wonder∣fully purges Watery Hu∣mours from the whole Bo∣dy: But it is a churlish Medicine; for, besides the malignant Propriety of its Substance, it has an infla∣ming Faculty. Take of Euphorbium dissolv'd in Vinegar, and thicken'd a∣gain, eight Grains; of the Seeds of Purslain fifteen Grains: Make Pills with Rose-Vinegar. Or, Take of Euphorbium infus'd in Oyl of Almonds for the space of a Night, and af∣terwards roasted under Ashes, in a Citron, ten Grains; of the Seeds of Lettice one Scruple: Make Pills with the Juice of Ci∣tron. Or, Take of Eu∣phorbium prepar'd four Grains, of Cassia fresh drawn half an Ounce; with Sugar make a Bolus. These Preparations of Eu∣phorbium, Maggravius rec∣kons up amongst his Fleg∣magoges. But Hoffmannus is of the Opinion, that Eu∣phorbium ought not to be taken inwardly. 'Tis much used for the Caries of the Bones, and for Wounds: See our Wiseman, and Fa∣bricius Hildanus. But Care must be taken that it be not sprinkled upon Ulcers of the Jaws, Nostrils, Pa∣late and Tongue; or upon those Places where Ten∣dons or Nerves are expos'd naked; lest by velicating and biting them, it should occasion dangerous Sym∣ptoms.

F.

FIstich, or Pistachio∣nuts, in Latin Nux Pi∣stachia.

They are very grateful to the Stomach, whether they are eaten, or drunk in Wine. They do good for the Biting of Creeping Beasts. They are bitterish. They open Ob∣structions, especially of the Liver; and also of the Breast and Lungs. They are reckon'd very Nutri∣tive, and Provocatives to Venery; for which Reason they are frequently used,

with other Restauratives, by the Spanish, Italian and French Physicians: And they so much depend upon them, that they scarce make any strengthening Medicine without them. Oyl of Pi∣stachio-nuts eases inward Pains that proceed from Viscid Flegm and Wind. 'Tis also useful in Con∣vulsions, and for the Pal∣sie.

Fraxinella.

The Root, which, in a manner, is only used, is Cardiack, and A∣lexipharmick. 'Tis a good Preservative against the Plague, taken any way; and is reckon'd good a∣gainst Poyson, and the Bi∣ting of Venomous Crea∣tures. It kills Worms, a Dram of it being taken at a time. 'Tis used in cold Diseases of the Womb, and to force the Courses and Urine. It hastens Deli∣very, expels the Secun∣dine, and a dead Child, two Drams of it being ta∣ken in Wine. 'Tis also good for the Gripes, and Gravel. 'Tis also mix'd with Vulnerary Potions; and is used in the Falling-sickness, and for Diseases of the Head. The Roman Women make a Cosmetick of the distill'd Water; and they also use it for Inflam∣mations of the Eyes. The Cods and Flowers being touch'd, occasion Itching; and in hot Countries, burn the Skin. Take of the Roots of Fraxinella, Bi∣stort, Tormentil, Master-wort, Gentian, Carline-Thistle, of both the Birth-worts, of Pentaphyllum, Zedoary, of the Greater Valerian, Contrayerva, An∣gelica, Elecampane, Virgi∣nian Snake-weed, of the Leaves of Carduus Benedi∣ctus, Scabious, Meadow∣sweet, Rue, Savin, Penny∣royal, Scordium, St. John's wort, of the Bark of Ci∣tron, Oranges, Cinnamon, of the Berries of Laurel, Juniper, of the Flesh of Toads, each two Ounces; of Viper's Flesh four Oun∣ces, of the best Saffron half an Ounce; make of all a Powder; to which add, of the Extract of Juniper-ber∣ries made in White-wine, and evaporated to the Con∣sistence of Hony, a suffi∣cient quantity to make a

Confection; to which add Oyl of Rue, Amber, Cloves, Juniper, mix'd with Su∣gar, each two Scruples; mingle them all according to Art, and then add to each Pound of this Confe∣ction two Ounces of Ve∣nice-Treacle and Mithri∣date. This is the Orvic∣tan, so much cried up by some.

G.

GAlangal, in Latin Galanga major.

The Root of it is good in all Cases wherein Ginger is used; and it is wont to be candied like Ginger. It provokes Appetite, as Ca∣pers and Olives do. The fresh Root of either of them, cut into Slices, is boyl'd with Flesh and Fish for the same purpose. 'Tis also eaten raw, with Oyl, Salt and Vinegar, with Fish and Flesh, to help Conco∣ction. 'Tis used in the cold Diseases of Men and Beasts. 'Tis Cephalick, Cardiack, and Stomachick. It strengthens the Stomach, and takes off Sowr Belch∣ing. Being chew'd in the Mouth, it discusses Wind, and cures a Stinking Breath. It does good in the Cho∣lick, heats the Reins, and provokes Venery. Can∣died with Sugar, it is good for cold Diseases of the Head and Nerves. It cures the Head-ach, and eases the Pain of the Limbs. 'Tis good for the Palpita∣tion of the Heart, used with the Juice of Plantane. The Powder of it taken in good Wine, or Balm-wa∣ter, or in the Juice of Bor∣rage, cures Fainting, pro∣ceeding from a cold Cause. The Germans use to give it to those that are about to be Let Blood, to chew it in their Mouths, to prevent Fainting. It grows spon∣taneously in Malabar and Java.

Galbanum.

'Tis a fat Juice, but cannot be dis∣solv'd with Oyl; in Water it may. 'Tis of a middle Nature, betwixt a Gum and a Resin; for it will burn like Resin, and dis∣solve in Water like a Gum. 'Tis of a yellow Colour,

and of a soft Substance, like Wax. It tastes bit∣terish and acrid, and smells very strong. The chief use of it is, to mollifie and di∣gest. 'Tis used inwardly to provoke the Courses, to hasten Delivery, to expel the Secundine, and a dead Child. 'Tis also outward∣ly used in Child-bearing, for the Courses, for Mo∣ther-fits, and for Giddiness. The Fume of it is good in the Falling-sickness, for Mother-fits, and for Faint∣ing, and the like. 'Tis said by some of the Ancients, that he that washes his Hands with a Solution of it, may safely handle Serpents: But the Truth of it may be well doubted. Take of Galbanum, and choice Myrrh, each one Dram and an half; of Castor six∣teen Grains; with a suffi∣cient quantity of the Bal∣sam of Peru: Make twelve Pills of each Dram: Give three at Bed-time, drink∣ing upon them three or four Spoonfuls of Compound-Briony-water: Continue the use of these Pills thirty Days. These Pills are ve∣ry proper in Hysterick Dis∣eases. Take of Galbanum dissolv'd in Tincture of Ca∣stor, and strain'd, three Drams; Tacamahaca two Drams; mingle them; make a Plaster to be ap∣plied to the Navel. This Plaster is very proper in Hysterick Diseases. 'Tis an Ingredient of several Pla∣sters of the London-Dispen∣satory; as, of the Plaster of Ammoniacum, Barbarum Magnum; of the Plaster of Cinnabar, and of the Com∣pound Diachylon; of the Plaster of Mucilages, of the Divine Plaster, and some others. The way to puri∣fie it is, to dissolve it in Vinegar; then passing it through a Cloth, all the Moisture is to be evapora∣ted away over the Fire. By this means it is cleans'd, indeed, from Straws, and some other Impurities that are contain'd in it: But then, part of its Volatile Spirits is evaporated at the same time, and in them consists its greatest Virtue; while some others are fix'd by the Acid, which always hinders the Motion of Vo∣latiles. Wherefore I would never advise this Purifica∣tion:

I had rather, after chusing it as clean as may be, only powder it in a Mortar, to mix it with what may be thought fit; for, tho' there should be some little Straws in it, they would never be able to alter the nature of the Remedy, or diminish its Virtue so much, as does the Destruction of its Vo∣latile Salts by the Vinegar. But because it is too moist to be powder'd, you must first cut it into little Slices, and dry it in the Sun. 'Tis a Tear of the Herb called Faerula.

Common Great Gentian, in Latin Gentiana major.

The Root of it, which is chief∣ly used, is Alexipharmick. 'Tis used in the Plague, and other Contagious Dis∣eases; for Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, and the like. 'Tis good for a Dropsie, Mother-fits, Weak∣ness of the Stomach, the Worms, Agues, and for the Biting of a Mad Dog. 'Tis frequently used outwardly to dilate Ulcers, and to make Issues run. The Com∣pound-water of Gentian of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following man∣ner: Take of the Roots of Gentian cut one Pound and an half, of the Leaves and Flowers of the Lesser Cen∣tory, each four Ounces; infuse them for the space of eight Days, in six Quarts of White-wine, and then distil them in B. M. This Water is a good Preserva∣tive against Ill Air, and and Contagious Diseases. It opens Obstructions of the Liver, strengthens the Stomach, creates an Appe∣tite, and helps Digestion. 'Tis good for the Jaundice, and opens Women's Ob∣structions. The Extract of Gentian is also much in use. The Root powder'd, and made into an Electua∣ry, with Conserve of O∣range-peels, and Conserve of Hips, strengthens the Stomach, creates an Appe∣tite, and expels Wind, and helps Concoction.

Ginger, in Latin Zin∣ziber.

It grows in all the Provinces of India. 'Tis candied green in India, and is good for Old People, and such as are cold and

flegmatick, and for such whose Stomachs do not concoct well; especially, when it is fresh candied. 'Tis also good for Viscid Flegm of the Lungs. The Indians use the Leaves of Ginger in Broths, and for the Kitchin. They also use the Roots of it green, with Oyl and Salt, mix'd with other Herbs. Fresh Gin∣ger is reckon'd by them an excellent Remedy for Cho∣lical Pains, and for the Cae∣liack and Lientaerick Pas∣sions. 'Tis also good for long Diarrhaea's, proceeding from Cold; and also for Wind, and the Gripes, and the like. But it is to be noted, that they who are of a hot Constitution ought not to use it, whether they are sick or well; for it in∣flames the Blood, and o∣pens the Orifices of the Veins. But Ginger and Pepper are more used in the Kitchin, than in Phy∣sick. 'Tis mix'd with purging Medicines that are strong, to correct them. It cleanses the Lungs and Stomach, strengthens the Brain, and clears the Sight when it is dulled by moi∣sture. It strengthens the Sto∣mach, and is mix'd with Antidotes. 'Tis an Ingre∣dient in the Cardiack Sy∣rup, of the Cardiack Julep of the London-Dispensa∣tory.

Goards, in Latin Cur∣curbitae.

It quenches Thirst, provokes Urine, lessens Seed, and extinguishes Ve∣nery. 'Tis used in Meats, prepar'd in the following manner: They boyl the inner and white Substance, with the unripe and soft Seeds; afterwards they cut them small, with Onions, and boyl them with Salt and Butter; and then they are much like Headed Cab∣bage cut and boyl'd: They are very good for lean Peo∣ple. The Italians cut it in∣to pieces, and boyl it in Broth. It tastes well, and yields a laudable Juice, and we suppose it is a conve∣nient Diet for Feverish Peo∣ple; for it cools and molli∣fies. 'Tis much of the same Virtue with Cucumber. The fresh Leaves applied to the Breasts of Women in Child-bed, lessens the Milk. The Seeds are reckon'd a∣mong

the four Greater Cold Seeds. For Redness of the Face, Take of the Kernels of Peaches four Ounces, of the Seeds of Goards two Ounces; make an Oyl of them by Expression, where∣with anoint the Face. Men∣struous Women, by only looking on young Goards, kill them: But this seems fabulous.

Canary-Grass, in Latin Phalaris.

It grows as well in Spain and France, as in the Canaries. The Seed, and the Juice of the Herb, and the Leaves, taken in∣wardly, are commended for Pains in the Blad∣der.

Common Dog-Grass, or Couch-Grass, in Latin Gra∣men caninum.

'Tis a tall Grass, sometimes four or five Foot high. It expels Gravel. Silvius says, that Sheep and Oxen that are troubled with the Stone in the Winter-time, are freed from it in the Spring by eating Grass.

Cotton-Grass, in Latin Gramen Tomentosum.

It grows in marshy and wa∣tery places, and is easily known by the Cotton on it. 'Tis very astringent; and is used for making Candles, and the like.

Oat-Grass, in Latin Gramen Avenaceum.

'Tis found in May, in the Hedg∣es, and narrow Ways. Tra∣gus says, a Decoction of it in White-wine, used for some Days, is an excellent Remedy for the Worms in Children.

Guaiacum, in Latin Lignum sanctum.

In curing the French-Pox there is no Medicine better or surer than the Decoction of Guaiacum; for, if the Cure be manag'd as it ought, and the Decoction be taken in due time, 'tis a certain Cure for this Dis∣ease. 'Tis also good in a Dropsie, for an Asthma, the Falling-sickness, for Dis∣eases of the Bladder and Reins, and for Pains in the Joints, and for all Diseases proceeding from cold Tu∣mors and Wind. The Spa∣niards learnt the use of it from the Indians: For, a

certain Spaniard having ta∣ken the Disease from an Indian Woman, was much afflicted with Venereal Pains; and having an In∣dian Servant who practis'd Physick in that Province, he gave his Master the De∣coction of it, whereby his Pains were eased, and his Health restored: And by his Example, many other Sapniards were cured. So that, in a short time, this way of Cure was known all over Spain; and soon after, every where else. The Pox, that is the Dis∣ease of the West-Indians, in∣infected the Europeans in the following manner: In the Year 1493. in that War of the Spaniards at Naples, with the French, Columbus return'd from his first Voy∣age which he had under∣taken for the Discovery of the New World; and ha∣ving found some Islands, he brought thence Men and Women to Naples, where His Catholick Ma∣jesty was. Having then made Peace with the French King, both the Armies ha∣ving free Intercourse, and Ingress, and Egress, at plea∣sure, the Spaniards had first Conversation with the In∣dian Women, and the In∣dian Men with the Spanish Women: And then it crept afterwards into Italy and Germany, and lastly into France, and so over all the World. At first it had ma∣ny Names: The Spaniards thinking they were infected by the French, called it the French-Pox: The French supposing they got it at Naples, called it the Neopo∣litan Disease: And the Ger∣mans thinking they receiv'd it from the Spaniards, cal∣led it the Spanish Disease: But others more properly termed it the Indian Mala∣dy; for from thence it first came. The Way of pre∣paring this Decoction, to∣gether with the Method of taking it, is as follows: Take of the Wood cut small twelve Ounces, of the Bark of it beaten two Ounces; infuse it in six Sextaries of Water, in a large Earthen Pot, twenty four Hours; the Pot must be close stop'd; boyl it with a gentle Fire, to the Consumption of four Sex∣taries of the Water; when

it is cold strain it, then put upon the same Wood eight Sextaries of Water, and boyl it to the Consumption of two: Keep it a-part. The Way of giving it is as follows: The Sick being purged according as his Physician shall think fit, he must be put into a warm Chamber, and let him go to bed in the Morning, and take ten Ounces of the first Water hot; and being well cover'd, he must sweat two Hours; then, being well rub'd, let him change his Linnen, and put on his Clothes well warm'd; four Hours after give him Rai∣sins and Almonds, with Bread twice baked, where∣of let him eat moderately, and drink as much as is sufficient of the Second Water: Eight Hours after he hath eaten, let him take again ten Ounces of the first Water hot, and let him sweat two Hours, and be cleansed from his Sweat as before; an Hour after the Sweat, give him the Al∣monds and Raisins, and the Bread twice bak'd for his Supper, and let him drink of the Second Water. Let him observe this Method for the first fifteen Days, unless his Strength be much impair'd; for if so, he must be allow'd a roasted Chic∣ken, besides the things a∣bove-mention'd: Those that are weakly, and cannot bear so strict a Diet, must be al∣low'd also a roasted Chic∣ken after nine Days: But if the Sick be so very weak∣ly that he cannot bear at all the fore-mention'd Diet, he must eat Chicken spa∣ringly at the Beginning, in∣creasing his Meals by de∣grees. After fifteen or six∣teen Days, purge with ten Drams of the Pulp of Cas∣sia, or some such Medicine, and on the same Day let him drink of the Second Decoction: On the Seven∣teenth Day let him return to the Method above de∣scrib'd; let him take, Morning and Evening, the Water of the First Deco∣ction, sweat, and be diet∣ed as before; only, instead of a Chicken, let him eat half a Pullet; and towards the End, somewhat more: Let him continue the same Diet to the Twentieth Day, at which time, being well

cloath'd, let him walk a∣bout his Chamber; after∣wards purge him again, and let him continue the use of the Decoction forty Days more, and let him observe an orderly Diet, and abstain from Women and Wine: But if he nau∣seate the Decoction, let him drink Water wherein Annise and Fennel have been boyl'd; let him eat a small Supper, and, to be sure, let him forbear Flesh then. This Method, some think, will eradicate the worst sort of Pox: But o∣thers hold, there is no other Way of curing it, when it is deeply rooted, than by the use of Mercury. The incomparable Chyrurgeon, Mr. Wiseman, mentions it frequently in his excellent Treatise of the French-Pox. Take of Guaiacum four Ounces, of the Bark of the same two Ounces, of Sar∣saparilla eight Ounces, of the Wood of Saxifrage one Ounce and an half, of the Shavings of Hart's-horn and Ivory, each six Drams; infuse them all Night in ten Quarts of Fountain-water, then boyl them in a Vessel close stop'd, to the Consumption of a third part; add at the End, of the Leaves and Roots of Soap-wort two Handfuls, of the Leaves of Agrimony, and both the Speed-wells, each one Handful; of Rai∣sins stoned six Ounces; of the Seeds of Sweet Fennel and Coriander, each six Drams; of Spanish Liquo∣rish two Ounces; strain the Liquor, and aromatize it with a little Cinnamon, and keep it for use: The Patient commonly takes a Quart, or more, of this Drink in a Day. Take of the Leaves of Sena four Ounces, of Gummy Tur∣bith and Hermodactyls, each two Ounces; of Black Hellebore, and the Pulp of Colloquintida, each six Drams; of Guaicum and Saxifrage rasp'd, each one Ounce; of the Bark of Guaiacum, and the fresh Berries of Juniper, and the outward Bark of Citrons, each half an Ounce; of Cinnamon and Cloves, each two Drams; infuse them in equal Parts of the Waters of Balm, Meadow-sweet, and Car∣duus

Benedictus, for the space of forty eight Hours; then boyl them gently, and strain out the Liquor; dis∣solve in it, of Aloes-Rosat two Ounces, Diagridium one Ounce; bring it to the Consistence of an Extract, and keep it for use: The Dose is, from half a Dram to one Dram. This is a proper Purge in the French Disease. Or, Take of the Extract above describ'd two Drams, of the Gum of Guaiacum half a Scruple, of Mercurius dulcis one Scru∣ple; make Pills with the Syrup of Buck-thorn: These Pills are also used for the same Disease. Distillation of Guaiacum is perform'd in the following manner: Take the Shavings of Guai∣acum, fill a large Retort with them, three quarters full; place it in a Rever-beratory Furnace, and joyn to it a great capacious Re∣ceiver; begin the Distilla∣tion with a Fire of the First Degree, to warm the Re∣tort gently, and to distil the Water which is called Flegm; continue it in this condition until there come no more Drops, which is a Sign that all the Flegm is come; throw away that which you find in the Re∣ceiver, and fitting it again to the Neck of the Retort, lute well the Junctures; you must afterwards in∣crease the Fire by degrees, and the Spirits and Oyl will come forth in white Clouds; continue the Fire until there comes no more; let the Vessels cool, and unlute them; pour that which is in the Receiver into a Tunnel lined with Brown Paper, and, set up∣on a Bottle, or some other Vessel; the Spirit will pass through, and leave the black, thick, and very fet∣tid Oyl in the Tunnel; pour it into a Viol, and keep it for use. 'Tis an excellent Remedy for Rot∣tenness of the Bones, for the Tooth-ach, and to cleanse old Ulcers. It may be rectified, and may be used inwardly for the Fal∣ling-sickness and Palsie, and to drive forth the After∣birth: The Dose is, from two Drops to six, in some convenient Liquor. The Spirit of Guaicum may be rectified in a Limbeck, to

separate the Impurity that passes with it: It works by Perspiration, and by Urine: The Dose is, from half a Dram to a Dram and an half. 'Tis likewise used, mix'd with Water of Ho∣ny, to cleanse Inveterate Ulcers. You will find in the Retort the Coals of Guaiacum, which you may turn into Ashes by putting Fire to them: Calcine these Ashes some Hours in a Pot∣ter's Furnace, then make a Lee of them with Water, filtrate it, and evaporate it in a Glass, or Earthen Ves∣sel, in Sand, there will re∣main the Salt of Guaia∣cum; which you may make white by calcining it in a Crucible, in a strong Fire. This Salt is Aperi∣tive, and Sudorifick; it may serve, as all other Al∣kalies, to draw the Tin∣ctures of Vegetables: The Dose is, from ten Grains to half a Dram, in some convenient Liquor. During the Distillation you must not make the Fire too strong; for the Spirits com∣ing forth with a great deal of Violence, will be apt to break either the Retort or the Receiver. Tho' Guai∣acum be a very dry Body, yet abundance of Liquor is drawn from it; for, if you put into the Retort four Pounds of this Wood, six∣teen Ounces to the Pound, you will draw thirty nine Ounces of Spirit and Flegm, and five Ounces and an half of Oyl; there will re∣main in the Retort nine∣teen Ounces of Coals, from which you may draw half an Ounce, or six Drams of an Alkali-Salt. The Oyl of Guaiacum is Acrimoni∣ous, by reason of the Salts it has carried along with it; and it is the Gravity of the Salts that does precipitate it to the bottom of the Wa∣ter. This Oyl does good for the Tooth-ach, because it stops the Nerves with its Ramous Parts; hindring thereby the Air from en∣tring. Moreover, by means of the Acrimonious Salts which they contain, they do dissipate a Flegm, which uses to get within the Gum, and causes Pain. Take of Guaiacum, cut into small pieces, eight Ounces; of Sarsaparilla six Ounces, of the Bark of Walnut-tree,

of the Roots of Fig-wort, and of Saxifrage, each two Ounces; Herb Robert three Handfuls, of Raisins of the Sun stoned, and of Live Millepedes, each one Pound; make a Bag for four Gal∣lons of New Beer. This is a Diet-drink for the King's Evil. Guaiacum grows in Hispaniola, Ja∣maica, and some other Places.

Gum-Ammoniacum.

Chuse that which is with∣out Sand, that is pure, yellow without, and clear within; which burns clear when it is fired, and soft∣ens, and sticks to the Hands when handled, and flies in∣to many shining pieces when it is knock'd with an Ham∣mer: It will dissolve in Water; it smells stronger than Galbanum, and hath a bitterish Taste. It atte∣nuates, and resolves, and draws violently, and moves the Belly. 'Tis chiefly used for Pains of the Gout, to resolve the viscid and thick Mucilage of the Lungs, and Mesentery; and for obsti∣nate Obstructions of the Li∣ver, Spleen, and Womb; and for the Stone. 'Tis used outwardly for a Scir∣rhus, for the King's-Evil, and to dissolve other hard Swellings. Gum-Ammo∣niack is distill'd in the fol∣lowing manner: Put a Pound of Gum-Ammoni∣ack into an Earthen Retort, or a Glass one, luted, big enough for two thirds to remain empty; place this Retort in a Reverberatory Furnace, and fitting to it a Receiver, begin the Distil∣lation with a very little Fire, to warm gently the Retort, and drive forth, Drop by Drop, a little Fleg∣matick Water; when the Vapours begin to appear, throw out that which is in the Receiver; and re-fit∣ting it, and luting close the Joints, increase the Fire by degrees, and continue it until all is come forth; then let the Vessels cool, and unlute them; pour out that which is in the Re∣ceiver, into a Tunnel lined with Brown Paper; the Spirit will pass through, and leave the thick, black Oyl in the Filter: Keep it in a Viol. 'Tis good for the Palsie, and Hysterical

Diseases; the diseas'd Parts are rub'd with it: And it is given Women to smell to. Put the Spirit into a Glass-Limbeck, and rectifie it by distilling it in Sand: 'Tis a good Remedy against the Plague, and all sorts of Malignant Diseases. 'Tis used in the Scurvy, and all manner of Obstructions. The Dose is, from eight to sixteen Drops. The Spirit of all other Gums may be drawn after the same man∣ner. The Plaster of Am∣moniacum of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of Ammoniacum, of Bran well sifted, each one Ounce; Ointment of Marsh-mal∣lows, Compound Mellilot-Plaster, Roots of Briony and Orris powder'd, of each half an Ounce; Geese, Ducks and Hens Fat, of each three Drams; of Bdel∣lium, and Galbanum, each one Dram and an half; Resin of the Pine, and yel∣low Wax, of each five Ounces; Oyl of Orris and Turpentine, of each an Ounce and an half; boyl the Fats and Oyl, with Mucilage of Linseed and Fenugreek, each three Oun∣ces, to the Consumption of the Mucilage; strain it, and add the Wax, Resin and Turpentine, the Ointment of Marsh-mallows, with the Plaster of Melilot; when it begins to be cold, put in the Ammoniacum dissolv'd in Vinegar, then the Bdel∣lium powder'd, with the rest of the Powders, and so make a Plaster according to Art. It asswages and mollifies hard Swellings, and discusses the Peccant Hu∣mour: It softens the Spleen when hard, and eases the Pain of it. The Plaster of Hemlock, with Ammonia∣cum, of the London-Dispen∣satory is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Take of the Juice of the Leaves of Hemlock four Ounces, of Vinegar of Squils, and of Gum-Ammoniacum, each eight Ounces; after due Infusion, strain it, and re∣duce it to the Consistence of a Plaster, according to Art: It eases Pain, and al∣lays Inflammations. Am∣moniacum is also used in some other Plasters of the London-Dispensatory: Take of Gum-Ammoniacum dis∣solv'd

in Vinegar one Ounce; of Ladanum and Mastich, each two Drams; of Oyl of Wormwood, and of Wax, each a sufficient quantity: This is used for an Inflammation and Ab∣scess of the Liver. Syrup of Ammoniacum of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of Maudlin and Ce∣trach, each four Handfuls; of Common Wormwood one Ounce; of the Roots of Succory and Asparagus, and of the Bark of the Roots of Capers, each two Ounces; make an Infusion of them for twenty four Hours: After due Prepara∣tion, in three Ounces of White-wine, and of Simple Radish-water, and Fuma∣tory-water, each two Pints; boyl them to a Pint and an half, let the strain'd Liquor stand till it is clear; dis∣solve a-part, in four Oun∣ces of the strain'd Liquor, when it is warm, two Oun∣ces of Gum-Ammoniacum, dissolv'd first in the sharpest White-wine-Vinegar; boyl the rest to a Syrup, with a Pound and an half of Fine Sugar, adding the Dissolu∣tion of the Gum towards the End. This Syrup o∣pens Obstructions, and is good for Diseases of the Skin: An Ounce of it, or somewhat more, may be taken at a time.

Gum-Arabick, in La∣tin Gummi Arabicum.

'Tis the Gum or Juice of an E∣gyptian Thorn: The most transparent, and whitest, is the best. It will easily dissolve in Water; it miti∣gates Acrimony, and is good for Fluxes, Coughs, and Catarrhs. Take of the Roots of the Greater Com∣frey two Ounces, of the Leaves of Plantane and Mouse-ear, each one Hand∣ful; of the Tops of Mal∣lows and Maiden-hair, each half an Handful; of Li∣quorish rasp'd half an Ounce; of Fine Flower and Gum-Arabick, of Tra∣gacanth and Bole-Armoni∣ack, each one Dram; of the Seeds of Lettice and Purslain, each one Dram; of the Seeds of Red Roses one Pugil; make a Deco∣ction in Rain-water to one Pint and an half; strain it, and sweeten it with Sugar;

make a Julep: Take eight Ounces every Morning, for ten or twelve Days. This is good for an Ulcer of the Reins or Bladder. Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows and the Greater Comfrey dried, each two Drams; of Gum-Arabick, and of the Gum of Cherry and Prune-tree, each one Dram; of Olibanum and Myrrh, each four Scru∣ples; of the Seeds of White Poppy and Winter-Cher∣ries, each one Dram and an half; of Camphyr two Scruples; powder them all very fine; and having ad∣ded of Ceruss of Antimony a third part of the weight of all the rest, make a Mass for Pills with a sufficient quantity of Venice-Turpen∣tine: The Dose is, one Dram, Morning and Even∣ing. These are excellent Pills for the same purpose. But if the Turpentine should occasion Pain, Juice of Liquorish, dissolv'd in Pellitory-water, may be used instead of it.

Gum-Caranna.

The Indians use it for Tumors, and all sorts of Pain. 'Tis commended for those Dis∣eases which Tacamahaca is wont to cure; but it is more effectual than that. 'Tis brought from Carthage. Take of Gum-Elemi and Turpentine, each half an Ounce; of Olibanum, Ma∣stich and Gum-Tragacanth, each three Drams; of Bole▪ Armoniack one Ounce and an half; of the Seeds of Nigella, Myrtle and Ba∣laustians, each one Dram; of Euphorbium one Scru∣ple, of Amber two Drams, of Burgundy-Pitch eight Ounces, of Gum-Caranna ten Drams, of Oyl of Cloves, and Peruvian Bal∣sam, each six Grains; min∣gle them, and make a Pla∣ster according to Art, to be applied to the Neck.

Gum-Copal.

'Tis ve∣ry clear, and transparent. The Indians use it in their Sacrifices, for Perfumes: And their Priests use it so frequently in their Tem∣ples, that when the Spa∣niards came into those Parts first, they smelt it. 'Tis good for cold Diseases of the Head; and may serve instead of Frankincense,

and Gum-Anime. 'Tis al∣also very good for fresh Wounds. It comes from the West-Indies.

Gum-Elemi.

Tis of the Colour and Consistence of Wax; it tastes some∣what bitterish, and smells like Fennel. It discusses Tumors, cleanses Sordid Ulcers, and Cicatrises them. 'Tis of excellent Virtue in Wounds of the Head, and therefore Practitioners always use it in Plasters and Ointments for Fra∣ctures of the Scull, and Wounds of the Head. The Plaster of Gum-Elemi of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of Gum-Elemi four Ounces, of Re∣sin of the Pine, and pure Wax, and Ammoniacum, each two Ounces; of Tur∣pentine three Ounces and an half, of Malaga-Sack a sufficient quantity; boyl them to the Consumption of the Wine, then add the Ammoniacum dissolv'd in Vinegar, and make a Pla∣ster. Ointment or Lini∣ment of Gum-Elemi of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of Gum-Elemi, of Turpentine of the Firr-tree, each one Ounce and an half; of Old Sheep's-Suet cleans'd two Ounces, of Old Hog's-Grease, one Ounce; make an Oint∣ment. 'Tis used chiefly for Wounds and Ulcers of the Head; but it is also good for Ulcers in any Part of the Body. It cleanses, and incarns, and is very agreeable to the Body.

Gum-Gotta.

'Tis a concreted Juice, of a yel∣low Colour; and if it be moisten'd with Spittle, it becomes more yellow. What Plant it comes from is uncertain; but it is a great Commodity in the East-Indies. Take of Gum-Gotta eight Grains, of Con∣serve of Roses three Drams, of Oyl of Mace one Drop: Or, Take of Gum-Gotta six Grains, dissolve it in a sufficient quantity of fresh Broth. It purges Watery Humours.

Gum-Lac.

'Tis a Juice of an Indian Tree, called

Malus Indica Lusitanis. 'Tis not certainly known how it is made; for, what Gar∣cias says, of its being made by winged Ants, as Bees make Hony, does not seem probable; but it rather sweats out of the very Tree, or from the Branch∣es of it, at set Times, and grows to the Form we see it with the Heat of the Sun. The best comes from Pegu and Martaban. 'Tis Twofold; namely, Seed-lac, or Shel-lac: 'Tis also Factitious. It attenuates, and opens, and purifies the Blood, and provokes Sweat, and is Diuretick. 'Tis chief∣ly used in Obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, and Gall-Bladder. 'Tis good in a Dropsie, for the Jaundice, an Asthma, and Impost-humes of the Lungs; to expel Malignity, and to force the Courses. The Species called Dialacca is much commended by most Physicians, and is made in the following manner: Take of Gum-Lac prepa∣red, and of the Roots of Rhaponticum, each three Drams; of Schaen••nth, In∣dian Spikenard, Mastich, of the Juice of Wormwood and Agrimony thicken'd, of the Seed of Smallage, Bishop's-weed, Fennel, An∣nise, Savine, Bitter Al∣monds, Cleands, Myrrh, Zedoary, the Roots of Madder, Asarabacca, of Birth-wort Long and Round, and of Gentian, of Saffron, Cinnamon, dri∣ed Hysop, Woody-Cassia, and Bdellium, of each one Dram and an half; of Black Pepper and Ginger, each one Dram; make a Powder according to Art. Sealing-wax is made of Gum-Lac: The fine, hard Sealing-wax is made of fine Gum-Lac, melted in an Earthen Vessel, into which a sufficient quantity of the colour is put, and mix'd well together; then take it off the Fire, and make it up into Rolls, or Sticks. Red Wax is colour'd with choice Vermillion; Blue Wax with Blue Bice, Smalt, or Ultramarine; Green Wax with Green Bice, Verdigrease, or the like; Black Wax with Ivo∣ry, or Cherry-stone-Black; Purple Wax, with Red Lake, and the like, Coarse▪

hard Sealing-wax is made in the following manner: Take of Shel-lac twelve Ounces; of Resin and choice Vermillion, each six Ounces; melt them, and mix them together; and when they are of a due Heat make them into Sticks. You may set a Gloss upon them, by gent∣ly heating them in a na∣ked Charcoal-fire, and rubbing them with a Cloth till they are cold.

Gum-Olibanum, or Frankincense, in Latin Oli∣banum.

It heats, dries, and is somewhat astringent. 'Tis chiefly used inwardly, for Diseases of the Head and Breast, and for Fluxes of the Belly and Womb, and for a Cough, and Spit∣ting of Blood. But the In∣ternal Use of it is much disliked by some; for they say it occasions Madness. 'Tis used outwardly for ••umes to strengthen the Head, and to stop Catarrhs. It incarns Ulcers, and cures Wounds. Mix'd with Lard, it cures Chilblains. It eases the Pain of Ulcers of the fundament, powder'd, and mix'd with Milk. 'Tis mingled with Plasters, Ointments and Balsams, to cleanse and incarn Ulcers and Wounds. But the chief use of it is in Fractures of the Scull; being powder'd, and mix'd with the White of an Egg, and applied to the Temples, it does good for an Hemicrania, and the Head-ach. Infus'd in sweet Wine, and drop'd hot into the Ears, it eases the Pain of them, and cures Ulcers in them. The Bark of Frankincense is more effe∣ctual than the Frankincense it self, and is more astrin∣gent. The Smoke of Fran∣kincense was formerly used to take off Inflammations of the Eyes, and to stop Fluxes: But it is not used now-a-days. But the most ancient and remarkable use of it was in holy Things; for they sacrificed and per∣fum'd their Temples with it: And the same use is made of it now-a-days in Christian Churches. It has been also used, which is very strange, in all Ages, and in all Nations, and by People of all sorts of Religions, to purifie the Bodies of the

Dead. It was called Oli∣banum by the Greeks, from an Assyrian Youth of that Name; who, as it is fa∣bulously reported, being maliciously slain for his pi∣ous Behaviour towards the Gods, was turn'd into this Shrub, called Arbor Thuri∣fera. Upon which Ac∣count they affirm, that no∣thing is more pleasing to the Gods than the Smell of Frankincense.

Gum-Opoponax:

See Panax Herculis.

Gum-Sagapenum.

The Plant, whose Juice it is, is unknown. It opens discus∣ses, attenuates and cleanses. 'Tis used for Pains of the Side and Breast, and for Ruptures. It cleanses the Lungs of thick Matter that sticks to them. 'Tis used in the Falling-sickness, and for Diseases of the Spleen, and the Palsie. It provokes the Courses; and, taken in Wine, it cures those that are bit by Venomous Crea∣tures. It takes off Mo∣ther-fits, being held to the Nostrils with Vinegar. 'Tis reckon'd amongst the strongest Purgers; but Me∣sue says, it hurts the Sto∣mach and Liver. It may be corrected with such Things as are astringent, and preserve the Tone; as, with Mastick, Spike, and the like. Schroder rec∣kons the Virtues, in short, thus: 'Tis very drawing: It purges clammy, gross and watery Humours from the Stomach, Guts, Womb, Reins, Brain, Nerves, Joints, and Breast; wherefore it is good for Dropsies, Old Coughs, an Asthma, the Head-ach, Convulsions, Fal∣ling-sickness, Palsie, Ob∣structions and Tumors of the Spleen, for the Cholick, to provoke the Courses and the Urine: But it is not to be used to Women with Child, for it kills the Child. 'Tis good outwardly for a Pleurisie, and other Tu∣mors; for it resolves and eases Pain. The Fume of it takes off a Fit of the Fal∣ling-sickness; and cures the little Excrescencies on the Eye-lids, called Hordeola. Take of Gum-Sagapenum and Ammoniacum, each half a Dram; of Diagri∣dium six Grains, of the

Troches of Alhandal four Grains; make Pills with Syrup of Betony.

Gum-Sarcocolla.

'Tis so called because it aggluti∣nates Flesh. 'Tis best when it is fresh, and of a palish Colour; for, when it is old it grows reddish. It has a bitter Taste, and is of a porous Substance, and easi∣ly dissolves in Water. It heats and dries, and is astringent. It consolidates, glutinates, ripens and con∣cocts. 'Tis chiefly used for Cicatrizing and healing Wounds. 'Tis excellent for Fluxeons, for the Albugo and Nubeculae of the Eyes, being infus'd in Woman's or Asses Milk, and mix'd with Rose-water.

Gum-Tamahaca.

'Tis much used by the Indians, in Tumors of all kinds, in any part of the Body. It wonderfully resolves, ri∣pens, and discusses. It takes away all Pains proceeding from Cold and Flegmatick Humours. The Fume of of it takes off Mother-fits. 'Tis commonly applied, in the form of a Plaster, to the Navel in Hysterick Diseases. It stops all De∣fluxions from the Head, being wrap'd in a Cloth, and applied behind the Ears. Being applied in the form of a Plaster to the Temples, it diverts Defluxions on the Eyes, and other parts of the Face. It cures the Tooth-ach, the Hollow Tooth be∣ing stop'd with it. An ex∣cellent Stomach-Plaster is made of it, and a third part of Storax, and a little Am∣ber-grease; for it strength∣ens the Stomach, provokes Appetite, and helps Con∣coction, and expels Wind. 'Tis of excellent Virtue in Pains of the Hips, and for Diseases of the Joints, pro∣ceeding from cold Hu∣mours. Monardes adds a third part of Wax, to make it stick the better. This Plaster is very good for Swellings and Hardness of the Spleen.

Gum-Tragacanth.

It flows from the Root, being cut. That which is brought to us is glutinous, white, or yellow, and of a sweetish Taste. The Water where∣in it is infus'd becomes

clammy and mucilaginous. It opens Obstructions, and attemperates Acrimony. It is used in Medicines for the Eyes, and for Coughs and Hoarsness, and Distillations in a Linctus with Hony. A Dram of it being dis∣solv'd, and taken in a pro∣per Liquor, mix'd with Burnt Hart's-horn and a little Allum, eases the Pain of the Kidnies, and Erosions of the Bladder. 'Tis good for the Bloody-Flux▪ in Clysters. And dis∣solv'd in Milk or Rose-wa∣ter, it takes off Redness of the Eyes, and stops sharp Distillations on them. A Mucilage is made of it in Water, to form other Me∣dicines; for instance, Tro∣ches. 'Tis an Ingredient of the Syrup of Hysop of the London-Dispensatory, which is made in the following manner: Take of the Roots of Smallage, Parsly, Fen∣nel, Liquorish cut, each ten Drams; of Jujebs and Se∣bestians, each fifteen pair; of Raisins cleans'd one Ounce and an half; Figs, and fat Dates, of each num∣ber Ten; of the Seeds of Mallows, Quinces, and of Gum-Tragacanth, tied up in a Rag, each three Drams; of Hysop mode∣rately dried ten Drams, of Maiden-hair six Drams; all being prepar'd, infuse them twenty four Hours in eight Pints of Barly-wa∣ter, then boyl them in B. M. and strain them out hard; to the clear Liquor add six Pounds and an half of Fine Sugar, make a Sy∣rup in B. M. It corro∣borates the Breast and Lungs, and is excellent for Coughs.

H.

HEdge-Hysop, or ra∣ther Water-Hysop, in Latin, Gratiola.

'Tis an excellent Remedy to purge Watery and Cholorick Hu∣mours, which it draws from the most remote Parts, and evacuates them by Vomit and Stool; and by consequence must be of good use in a Dropsie, for the Yellow Jaundice, and for Pains of the Hips. It may be taken in Powder, or green, in a Decoction▪

But because it works so violently, it ought to be corrected with Ginger, Sal Gemma▪ Cinnamon, or the like. 'Tis very bitter, and kills Worms, and carries off the Matter occasioning them. Being bruis'd, and applied, it cures Wounds quickly. It grows in Ger∣many, and Italy, and some Parts of France.

Heliotrope, in Latin Heliotropium majus.

The Herb cures Warts, being rub'd upon them. 'Tis ve∣ry effectual in a Carciono∣ma, and for Gangrenous Ulcers, and King's-Evil-Swellings. The Leaves sprinkled with Rose-water, and applied to the Head, ease the Pain of it. A De∣coction made of the Leaves and Cummin, expels Gra∣vel, and kills Worms.

Hermodactyls, in La∣tin Hermodactylus.

Botanists do not agree about Hermo∣dactiles of the Shops. Some say they are the Roots of Colchicum: Others deny it: And the more Learn'd and Skilful make them to be different things. Take of Hermodactiles powder'd half a Dram, of Aloes-Suc∣cotrine one Scruple, of Powder of Cummin six Grains; make Pills accord∣ing to Art. Or, Take of White-wine three Ounces, of Hermodactiles powder'd two Drams, of Powder of Ginger one Scruple; min∣gle them, and let them stand in Infusion all Night; strain it, and add an Ounce and an half of Syrup of Betony, and make a Draught. Mag∣gravius mentions these Pills, and this Potion amongst his Phlegmagoges. Plaster of Hermodactiles of the Lon∣don-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of the Plaster called Diachalcitis eight Ounces, of Burgundy-Pitch melted and strain'd four Ounces; of White Venice-Soap, and New Yellow Wax, each three Ounces; of Butter of Oranges one Ounce; of the Seeds of Cummin and Hermodactiles, each one Ounce and an half; of the Leaves of dried Worm∣wood, of the Flowers of Camomile, and of Floren∣tine-Orris, each half an Ounce; powder fine those

Things which are to be powder'd, and make a Pla∣ster according to Art.

Hypocistis, or Rape of Cistus, in Latin Orobranche.

It grows from the Roots of all the Sorts of Cistus. 'Tis very effectual for all Flux∣es; as, of Blood, the Fluxes of Women, and for Celiack and Dysenterick Diseases. 'Tis also good to strengthen any Part. 'Tis now-a-days prepar'd in the following manner: They beat the fresh Flowers, and press out the Juice, and thicken it in the Sun, and keep it for use. Take of Conserve of Roses, and of the Roots of the Greater Comfrey, each two Ounces; of Seal'd Earth, Bole-Armoniack, Dragon's-Blood, Red Co∣ral, of the Lapis Hematites, and Troches de Carrabe, of each one Dram; of Hypo∣cistis, the Grains of Kermes, and the Seeds of Plantane, each one Scruple; with e∣qual parts of Syrup of Pop∣pies and Myrtles make an Opiate; of which, take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening, drinking upon it a little Plantane-water. This is used for Voiding of Blood by Urine.

J.

JAlap, in Latin Jalapium.

The Root of it is like Mechoacan, but it is co∣ver'd with a black Bark, and is brownish within. It comes to us sliced from In∣dia. It tastes gummy, but not unpleasant. 'Tis strong∣er than the common White Mechoacan, for it purges Watery Humours better. A Dram of the Powder of it may be given at a time. The Purgative Quality re∣sides in the Resin. Resin, or Magistery of Jalap is made in the following man∣ner: Put a Pound of Jalap, grosly powder'd, into a large Matrass; pour upon it Spirit of Wine Alcoho∣liz'd, until it be four Fin∣gers above the Matter; stop the Matras with ano∣ther, whose Neck enters into it; and luting the Jun∣ctures with a wet Bladder, digest it three Days in a Sand-heat; the Spirit of

Wine will receive a red Tincture, decant it, and then pour more upon the Jalap, proceed as before; and mixing your Dissolu∣tions, filtrate them through Brown Paper; put that which you have filtrated into a Glass-Cucurbite, and distil in a Vaporous Bath two thirds of the Spirit of Wine, which may serve you another time for the same Operation; pour that which remains at the Bot∣tom of the Cucurbite, into a large Earthen Pan, fill'd with Water, and it will turn into a Milk, which you must leave a Day to settle, and then separate the Water by Inclination; you will find the Resin at bottom, like unto Turpen∣tine; wash it several times with Water, and dry it in the Sun, it will grow hard, like common Resin; pow∣der it fine, and it will be∣come white; keep it in a Viol. It purges Serosities: 'Tis given in Dropsies, and for all Obstructions. The Dose is, from four to twelve Grains, mix'd in an Ele∣ctuary, or else in Pills. The Resins of Turbith, Scammony and Benjamin may be drawn after the same manner. If you use sixteen Ounces of Jalap, you will draw an Ounce and six Drams of Resin. You must observe to give the Resin of Jalap always mix'd with something else, that may separate its Parts; for if it be taken alone, it will be apt to adhere to the Membrane of the Intestines▪ and so cause Ulcers by its Acrimonious Quality. Moreover, Apothecaries should observe to mix it in a little Yolk of an Egg, when they would dissolve it in a Potion; for it sticks to the Mortar, like Tur∣pentine, when it is moist∣en'd with any Aqueous Li∣quor. It may be likewise incorporated with some E∣lectuary, and then it easi∣ly dissolves. Twelve Grains of this Resin work as much as a Dram of Jalap in sub∣stance: But I have always observ'd in my Practice, that the Powder of Jalap works better and surer than the Resin. Take of Lenetive Electuary two Drams, of the Cream of Tartar half a Dram, of

Powder of Jalap two Scru∣ples; make a Bolus with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Buck-thorn; add three Drops of Oyl of Juniper. This purges strongly Wa∣tery Humours. For weak∣ly People use the following Medicine: Take of Leni∣tive Electuary one Dram, of Cream of Tartar half a Dram, of Powder of Jalap one Scruple, of Rubarb powder'd ten Grains; with a sufficient quantity of Sy∣rup of Roses Solutive, and three Drops of Oyl of Ju∣niper' make a Bolus.

Ierusalem-Artichoak, in Latin Battata Canadensis.

It frequently grows in Gar∣dens here in England. The Root of it tastes well, and is eaten with Butter and Ginger, and sometimes ba∣ked in a Pye: But how∣ever it be dress'd, it is windy, and offensive to the Stomach.

The Iesuit's-Bark, in Latin China-China, Arbor Fe∣brifuga Peruviana, Pulvis Patrum, or Pulvis Cardinalis.

A noted Merchant, and an honest Man, who liv'd ma∣ny Years in Peru, and pub∣lish'd an Account of this Tree, written in Italian, says, it grows in Regno Qui∣tensi, in a peculiar Place; which the Indians call Lo∣ca, or Loia. The Powder of the Bark, given in a due quantity, is the most cer∣tain and safe Remedy for the Cure of an Ague. The incomparable Physician, Dr. Thomas Sydenham called it the only Specifick for A∣gues: Says he, (treating of the Cure of Agues) When I had found the Inconvenien∣ces that proceed from Eva∣cuations, and well weighing the Matter, I suppos'd that Jesuit's-Powder would be the most certain Cure. And, indeed, I can truly affirm, notwithstanding the Preju∣dice of the Common Peo∣ple, and of some few of the Learned, that I never found any Injury by the use of it, nor can imagine any; only they that have used it a long time, are seiz'd some∣times with a Scorbutick Rheumatism, but this hap∣pens rarely; and when it does, 'tis easily cured by the following Medicines: Take of Conserve of fresh

Garden-Scurvy-grass two Ounces, of Wood-Sorrel one Ounce, of the Com∣pound-water of Wake-Ro∣bin six Drams; with a suf∣ficient quantity of Syrup of Oranges, make an Electua∣ry: Take two Drams of it three times a Day, for the space of a Month; drink∣ing upon it six Spoonfuls of the following Water: Take of Garden-Scurvy-grass eight Handfuls; of Water-cresses, Brook-lime, Sage and Mint, each four Handfuls; the Bark of six Oranges, of bruised Nut∣meg half an Ounce; infuse them in six Quarts of Bruns∣wick-Mum, distil them in a common Still, and draw off three Quarts of Water. Be∣ing called to a Patient that has a Quartan-Ague, sup∣pose, for Instance, on a Monday; and if the Fit be to come that Day, I do then nothing; only, to en∣courage the Patient, I tell him he will have no more Fits than that. To which End, I give the Bark in the following manner, on Tues∣day and Wednesday: Take of Jesuit's-powder one Ounce, make an Electuary with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of July-flowers, or of dried Roses, to be di∣vided into twelve Parts; whereof, let him take one every fourth Hour, begin∣ning presently after the Fit is off, drinking upon it a Draught of any Wine. But if the Patient can take Pills best, Take of the Jesuit's-powder one Ounce, with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of July-flowers, make Pills of a moderate bigness; whereof, let him take six every fourth Hour. But it is less troublesome, and full as good, that an Ounce of this Powder be mingled with a Quart of Claret, and that eight or nine Spoonfuls of it be taken at the same times above-mention'd. On Thursday, which is the Fit-day, I order nothing; be∣cause, most commonly, no Fit comes then; the Re∣licks of the Feverish Matter being put off by the usual Sweats which come to∣wards the End of the pre∣ceding Fit, carry it off; and the Provision for a new Fit being intercepted by the repeated Juice of the Pow∣der, on the Days betwixt

the Fits. But▪ lest the Ague should return again, eight Days exactly from the time wherein the Sick took the last Dose, I give the same quantity of the Powder; namely, an Ounce, divided into twelve Parts, accord∣ing to the Method above-describ'd. But tho' the Re∣petition of it once does ve∣ry often cure the Disease, yet the Sick is not wholly out of Danger, unless his Physician repeat it the third or the fourth time, at the same distances above-men∣tion'd; especially if the Blood has been weaken'd by fore-going Evacuations, or if the Patient has un∣warily expos'd himself to the cold Air. But, tho' this Remedy has no Purga∣tive Quality in it, yet, by reason of the peculiar Tem∣per of some Bodies, it often happens, that the Sick is as violently purg'd by the use of it, as if he had taken some strong Purge: In this Case it is necessary to give Laudanum with it; and therefore I order ten Drops of Laudanum to be put in∣to Wine, and to be taken after every other Dose of the Powder, if the Loos∣ness continues. The above-mention'd Method cures al∣so Quotidian and Tertian-Agues. But tho' Tertian and Quotidian-Agues seem wholly to intermit after a Fit or two, yet many times they appear like Continual Fevers; and there is only Remission of the Fever on the Days the Fit should in∣termit; especially when the Sick hath been kept a∣bed altogether, or has been punish'd with an hot Me∣thod and Medicines, that are design'd to drive out the Fever by Sweat. In this Case we must lay hold of the least Remission, and give the Powder every fourth Hour; left, whilst we attend on the Fit, there should not be time enough for the Powder to work upon the Blood. But see∣ing there are some that can∣not take the Bark, neither in the form of a Powder, nor of an Electuary, or Pills, I give to these an In∣fusion of it made in the Cold: I infuse for some time two Ounces of the Bark, grosly powder'd, in a Quart of Rhenish-wine;

and four Ounces of the said Infusion seems to contain the Virtue of one Dram of the Powder; and because it is not unpleasant, nor does oppress the Stomach, it may be taken as often again as any other Form of this Medicine; namely, till it has cured the Ague. Sometimes it happens, that before this Disease forms it self into Regular Fits, the Sick, by reason of continual Vomiting, cannot contain the Bark in the Stomach, in what Form soever it is taken. In this Case, the Vomiting must be first stop∣ped, before the Bark is given: To which End I order, that six or eight times, in the space of two Hours, the Sick take one Scruple of Salt of Worm∣wood, in one Spoonful of the Juice of Limons fresh press'd out; afterwards six∣teen Drops of Liquid Lau∣danum, in a Spoonful of strong Cinnamon-water; and soon after, if the Vo∣miting be stop'd, let him take the Jesuit's-powder. For Infants, whose tender Age can scarce bear this Remedy in any other Form, at least, so much of it as may be sufficient to cure the Disease, I prescribe the following Julap: Take of Black-Cherry-water and Rhenish-wine, each two Ounces; of the Jesuit's-powder three Drams, of Syrup of July-flowers one Ounce; mingle them, and make a Julap; give a Spoon∣ful or two, according to the Age of the Child, every fourth Hour, till the Dis∣ease is cured; dropping in∣to every other Dose, if there be a Loosness, a Drop or two of Liquid Laudanum. As to Diet, let the Sick eat and drink what his Sto∣mach craves, Summer-Fruits and cold Liquors on∣ly excepted; and let him drink Wine moderately, for his ordinary Drink; by which alone I have reco∣ver'd some, whose Bodies, by reason of the frequent Returns of the Ague, have always eluded the Saluti∣ferous Virtue of the Bark. The Disease being taken off, all manner of Evacuations are carefully to be avoided; for the gentlest Purge, nay, a Clyster only of Milk and Sugar, will be apt to occa∣sion

a Relapse. But this excellent Bark does not on∣ly cure Agues, 'tis also fre∣quently used, by the best Physicians, for Continual Fevers, in the Gout, and for Hysterick Diseases, and the Fever that accompanies Consumptions, commonly called the Hectick Fever, the Bark being given in In∣fusion, and sweeten'd with Syrup of Rasberries. But if, with an Hectick Fever, the Consumptive Patient be also afflicted with a Loosness, which commonly ends the Tragedy, the fol∣lowing Pills are of excel∣lent use: Take of the Lem∣nian Earth half a Scruple, of Bole-Armoniack twelve Grains, of the Pill de Sti∣race one Dram and an half, of the Jesuit's-powder half an Ounce, of Syrup of Ju∣ly-flowers a sufficient quan∣tity; make fourscore Pills; let him take five every six Hours, during the Loos∣ness; dringing upon them seven Spoonfuls of the fol∣lowing Julap: Take of the Aqua-lactis Alexiteria twelve Ounces, of Cinna∣mon-water hordeated three Ounces, of Dr. Stephens's Water, and Epidemick-water, each two Ounces; of Diacodium three Oun∣ces. The following Medi∣cine is commended for a Consumption: Take of the Peruvian Bark one Ounce, of the Balsam of Tolu three Drams, of Cochinel one Scruple; boyl them in a Pint of Carduus Benedictus-water; strain it, and add of Syrup of Rasberries and Epidemick-water, each two Ounces: Take four Spoon∣fuls twice a Day. Some adp to the Infusion of this Bark, the Lesser Centory, Wormwood, Charvil, Juni∣per-berries, the Bark of the Alder-tree, Saxifrage, Salt of Tartar, and divers other Ingredients; but the Basis of all is the Peruvian Bark, the rest of the Ingredients do no great Good. Tin∣cture of the Peruvian Bark is made in the following manner: Put into a Bolt-head four Ounces of good Bark, grosly powder'd; pour upon it Spirit of Wine, four Fingers high above the Matter; fit to it another Matrass, in or∣der to make a double Ves∣sel; lute well the Jun∣ctures,

and place your Ves∣sel to digest in Horse-dung, or in a Vaporous Bath, four Days; stir it from time to time, the Spirit of Wine will load it self with a Red Colour; unlute the Ves∣sels, filtrate the Tincture through Brown Paper, and keep it in a Viol well stop∣ped. 'Tis a Febrifuge to be given in Agues, three or four times a Day, after the Fit; and to be continued for a Fortnight: The Dose is, from ten Drops to a Dram, in some proper Li∣quor; as, in Centory-wa∣ter, Juniper, Wormwood-Water or Wine. If you put new Spirit of Wine to the Matter which remains in the Matrass, and set it in Digestion, as before, you will draw more Tin∣cture, but it will not be so strong as the other; where∣fore you must give it in a larger Dose. Extract of Peruvian Bark is made in the following manner: Put to infuse warm twenty four Hours eight Ounces of Pe∣ruvian Bark, in a sufficient quantity of distill'd Water of Nuts; afterwards boyl the Infusion gently, and strain it, make a strong Ex∣pression of the Residence, put it to infuse in new Water of Nuts, boyl it and strain it as before; mix together what you have strain'd, let them settle, and decant the clear Liquor, and evapo∣rate it in a Glass, or Earth∣en Vessel, set in a Sand∣heat, unto the Consistence of thick Hony: It has the same Virtues as the former. The Dose is, from twelve Grains to half a Dram, in Pills, or dissolv'd in Wine. Sir Robert Tabar was the first that found out the true Dose or Quantity of it for curing Agues; for he did not stand upon Scruples, but gave Drams and Oun∣ces of it; and so it an∣swer'd his End, and ren∣der'd him and the Bark fa∣mous. Being once requir'd by some Physicians to de∣sine what an Ague was, he answer'd, That an Ague was a Disease that he could cure, and they could not. 'Tis to be noted, that the Bark, when it is old, is as effe∣ctual to cure Agues, as when it is fresh; and, in one respect, much better; for the Purgative Quality,

which is observ'd to be in the fresh Bark, goes off in time. Spon. in his Book of Observations, Sur les Fievres, & les Febrifuges, says, That by diligent Search he had found, that the Peru∣vian Bark did not come from the Trunk or Branches, but from the Root; for he had tried some of the Bark of the Trunk and Branches, that was sent to him, and it was not at all bitter. Which Observation may be of some use to those in our World, who endeavour to find a Succedaneum for it. I, says he, have made some Trials in this Matter: The Bark of the Root of the Peach-tree is very rough, and a little bitter; upon which Account it is, undoubtedly, very proper for a Loosness, The Bark of the Roots of the Ash is also rough, and pun∣gently acrid, by reason of abundance of Salt contain'd in it, which gives it its Fe∣brifuge Virtue. Lastly, The Bark of the Roots of the Black-Cherry-tree is rough, and bitter; and therefore the Powder of it given in a Quartan-Ague, lessens the Fits, but does not quite take them off: Yet, says he, I do not question but that it will cure Fevers, being given or∣derly, and in a due quan∣tity.

Florentine-Iris, in Latin Iris Florentina.

The Root of it hang'd in Wine or Beer, keeps the Beer sweet, and imparts a pleasant Smell to the Wine, and makes it taste as if Rasber∣ries were mix'd with it. 'Tis also much used by Ba∣kers, to make Leaven for Wheaten Bread. Many Virtues are attributed, by Ancient and Modern Au∣thors, to this Plant. 'Tis chiefly used for Obstructi∣ons of the Lungs, for a Cough, Asthma, Obstru∣ctions of the Courses, and for Children's Gripes. Out∣wardly used, with Helle∣bore and Hony, it cleanses the Skin from Spots. 'Tis frequently used in Sweet Powders, for the Hair. 'Tis also good for the Dropsie, and the Jaundice; it purges Water powerful∣ly. The Juice of the Root is given for this purpose, from half an Ounce to an Ounce and an half. A

Gentlewoman cured seve∣ral People of Dropsies only by giving the Juice of this Root: She order'd them to take four Spoonfuls every Morning in six Spoonfuls of White-wine. An Ounce of the fresh Juice has been used with good Success in a desperate Obstruction of the Belly. It purges Flegm, Water and Choler: But it is now-a-days only used for Dropsies. Take of the Roots of Florentine-Iris and Hermodactiles powder'd, each six Drams; of the Plaister Oxycroceum, and of the Mucilages, each two Ounces; of the Resin of Pine one Ounce; mix them, and moisten them with Oyl of Worms, and make a Plaster: This is used for the Gout. Take of the Roots of Florentine-Iris twelve Ounces, of the Wood of Rhodim two Oun∣ces, of the Leaves of Mar∣joram three Drams, of Cloves one Ounce, of Li∣mon-peel five Drams, of Cyperus-root one Ounce, of Sweet-smelling Flag six Drams, of Damask-Roses four Ounces, of Red Roses two Ounces; of Benzoyn, Styrax and Calamit, each one Ounce; of Labdanum half an Ounce; make a gross Powder. This is a sweet Powder, and is very proper to sprinkle amongst Clothes▪ to preserve them from the Moth. If all the aforesaid Ingredients are distill'd with Strong Beer, in a common Still, six Grains of Musk being tied up in a Rag, and hang'd in the Receiver, you will have a Perfum'd Water, that is very fit for Funerals.

Jujubs, in Latin Juju∣bae.

They are moderately hot and moist: They at∣temperate the Sharpness of the Blood, and are good for Diseases of the Breast and Lungs, for Coughs, Difficulty of Breathing, for Diseases of the Reins and Bladder, and for Heat of Urine. The Syrup of Ju∣jubs of the London-Dispen∣satory is made in the follow∣ing manner: Take of Ju∣jubs number Sixty, of the Flowers of Violets five Drams, of Liquorish rasp'd and bruis'd, of the Leaves of Maiden-hair, and of French-Barly, each one

Ounce; of the Seeds of Mallows five Drams; of the Seeds of White Pop∣pies, Melons, Lettice, and of Quinces and Gum-Tra∣gacanth tied up in a Rag by themselves, each three Drams; boyl them in three Quarts of Fountain-water, till half is consum'd; strain it, and clarifie the Liquor, and with two Pounds of White Sugar make a Syrup. 'Tis a good, cooling Syrup, and proper for Coughs, Pleurisies, and for Ulcers of the Lungs and Bladder. 'Tis an Ingredient in the Lohoch Sanans of the Lon∣don-Dispensatory, and of the Pectoral Decoction.

K.

KErmes, or the Scar∣let Oak, in Latin Ilex Coccigera.

This little Tree grows on stony Hills about Monopeliar, and in other Parts of France, and in Ita∣ly: But Clusius says, it does not every where bear the Grains of Kermes; for he says, they are only to be found in those Regions which are near the Medi∣terranean Sea, where the Sun shines very hot; and not always there neither; for, when the Shrub grows so big as to bear Acorns, the Kermes will not grow on it; and therefore the Inhabitants burn them up when they are about four Years old, that young ones may come in their Room, which afterwards yearly have the Grain of Kermes sticking to them, on the Branch, like small Peas, of an Ash-colour. These Grains are counted by Philosophers and Botanists, the Spurious or Excrementitious Fruit of the Scarlet-Oak only: But the learned and ingenious Dr. Martin Lister found such kind of Grains grow∣ing in England, upon the tender Branches of Cherry-trees; and supposes that they are not Excrescencies, but the Work of some In∣sect, for receiving as in a Nest, its young ones. The Grains serve for two Uses, for Medicine, and for Dy∣ing of a Scarlet Colour. They are astringent, and are used successfully for Wounds, and wounded

Nerves. They are also of good use to prevent Mis∣carriage; and used by the Physicians of Montpeliar for sudden Accidents, and Acute Diseases; as, for an Apoplexy, Palsie, and the like. They are also used for the Palpitation of the Heart, for Fainting, and for Melancholy. The Con∣fection of Kermes of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of the Juice of fra∣grant Apples, and of the sweetest Water of Roses, each one Pint and an half; of the Syrup of the Grains of Kermes one Quart; of Sugar one Pound; boyl them almost to the Con∣sistence of Hony, then take it from the Fire, and while it is hot add two Drams of Amber-Grease, cut small, and dissolv'd with some Drops of Oyl of Cinna∣mon; which being well mix'd, add the following things powder'd; of choice Cinnamon, and the best Wood of Aloes, each six Drams; of prepar'd Pearl two Drams, of Leaf-Gold one Dram; mix them ac∣cording to Art. The Sy∣rup of Kermes, men∣tion'd in making Confe∣ction of Kermes, is made in the following manner: They beat the Grains in a Marble Mortar, and pulp them through a Sieve, and mix them with an equal quantity of Sugar; this they call Conserve: And by adding more Sugar, Raw Silk, the Juice of Ap∣ples, and Rose-water, they make a Syrup.

L.

LArk-Spur, in Latin Consolida Regalis.

The Juice of the Flowers, and the distill'd Water clear the Sight, and strengthen it: And some say, that looking always upon it does the same; wherefore they take care to hang it always in sight. 'Tis suc∣cessfully used in Vulnerary Potions; a Decoction of the Flowers in Wine, with a Dram of Saffron, opens Obstructions.

Lead-wort, in Latin Plumbago Plinii.

It cures

Horses when they are gal∣led, and prevents Worms breeding in the Sores, be∣ing bruis'd and applied.

Lignum-Aloes.

It heats and dries, and comforts all the Bowels, especially the Heart and Womb. It re∣creates the Vital and Ani∣mal Spirits, and therefore is good for Fainting. It kills Worms. 'Tis used fre∣quently in Cordial Epi∣thems. Being chew'd in the Mouth, and the Mouth wash'd with a Decoction of it, it cures a Stinking Breath. 'Tis used for Per∣fumes; and being dried and powder'd, and sprink∣led upon the Body, it smells well. A Dram of the Root taken inwardly, removes superfluous Humours from the Stomach, strengthens it, and mitigates the Heat of it. It eases the Pain of the Sides and Liver, and does good in the Bloody-Flux, and for the Gripes. A piece of this Wood, with the Gum sticking on it, was presented to the Royal Society, by the Honourable Mr. Boyle: It tasted just like the Wood, and the Colour of it was like pure Succotrine-Aloes. 'Tis said that a Milk flows from this Tree, which is so virulent, that if it chance to drop into the Eyes, it occasions Blindness; and if it fall upon any other part of the Body, it causes Bli∣sters, and an Inflammation. The true Lignum-Aloes grows in Malacca, and in the Island Sumatra. Take of Labdanum and Mastich, each two Drams; of Lig∣num-Aloes, Storax-Cala∣mit, Cinnamon, and Tur∣pentine, each one Dram; of Myrtles, and the Roots of Cyperus, each half a Dram; of the Juyce of Mint, and Horse-tail, ex∣tracted with Red Wine, a sufficient quantity: Make a Plaster to be applied to the Region of the Pubis and Perinaeum, for an Inconti∣nence of Urine.

Lignum-Colubrinum.

'Tis commended for expel∣ling Poyson; the Wood, Bark and Root mix'd toge∣ther, is given for this pur∣pose; but the Root is best. It grows in Malabar.

Lignum-Molucense.

'Tis found in the Molucca's, and is kept in Gardens; and is so much esteem••d by the Inhabitants, that they will not let a Stranger see it. The Seed of it is used to catch Birds; they mix it with boyl'd Rice, and lay it out for the Birds to eat it; and as soon as they have tasted it, they fall a∣sleep, and are stupid; and if they eat greedily of it, it kills them: To rouse them that are asleep, they dip their Heads in cold Water, and so they recover. The Wood reduced to Pow∣der with a File, and taken inwardly, or outwardly ap∣plied, expels Poysons. It cures the Biting of Vipers and Serpents, ten Grains of it being taken in Rose-wa∣ter. It also cures Wounds made by poysonous Arrows. The strongest Man must take but half a Scruple of it. When it is used for Purging, the Party that takes it must make but a small Supper the Night be∣fore. It purges all Hu∣mours, but especially gross, clammy and melancholy Humours. 'Tis good for long Quartan-Agues, and for Continual Fevers; for the Iliack Passion, the Cho∣lick, Wind, a Dropsie, and for Gravel, and for Diffi∣culty of Urine; for Pains of the Joynts, a Scirrhus, and the King's-Evil. It kills all sorts of Worms, and restores lost Appetite. Ac••sta observ'd the great use of it in inveterate Pains of the Head, an Hemicra∣nia, Apoplexy, Noise of the Ears, the Gout, and for Diseases of the Stomach and Womb, and for an Asthma. If it work too much, let the Party drink a Draught of a Decoction of Rice.

Lignum-Nepbriticum.

It comes from Countries that are moderately hot, as is Mexicana. 'Tis used for Diseases of the Reins, and for Difficulty of Urine: And the Water of it is good for Obstructions of the Li∣ver and Spleen. The Wa∣ter of it is made in the following manner: They cut the Wood small, and infuse it in clear Fountain-water, and keep it in the Vessel till all the Water is

drunk; then they put on fresh Water, and so they repeat it as long as the Wood will tincture the Water: In the space of about half an Hour the Wood imparts a light Sky-colour to the Water, which grows deeper in time. 'Tis also good in Fevers, and for the Cholick. Take of Sar∣saparilla six Ounces, of China three Ounces, of Sa∣xifrage one Ounce, of Ne∣phritick Wood two Oun∣ces, of Hart's-horn and Ivo∣ry rasp'd half an Ounce, of White Sanders half an Ounce, of the Roots of Parsely, Grass, Knee-holm, and Eringo, each one Ounce; of Liquorish two Ounces, of Dates ston'd number Six, of Caraway and Coriander-seeds, each three Drams; infuse them in seven Quarts of Foun∣tain-water, boyl it accord∣ing to Art, and Aroma∣tize it with the Wood of Cassia.

Limon, in Latin Malus Limonia

Limons are more acid than Oranges or Ci∣trons, and therefore it is probable the Juice is colder. 'Tis proper for all those Uses that Citron is, but it is not so effectual against Poysons; yet is it more powerful; in hot Diseases, it quenches Thirst, and les∣sens Feverish Heats. The Juice of it is very proper to lessen the Stone, and to cleanse the Urinary Passages. The Syrup of the Juice of Limons is good for the Stone, and Obstructions of the Kidnies. It quenches Thirst, is used in Burning Fevers, and it strengthens the Heart and Stomach: It restrains the Efferve∣scence of Choler, and is used with good Success to stop Vomiting, the Hickups, and to take off a Burning Fever. The Peel of Li∣mons, as well as of Oran∣ges, is candied with Sugar, for Sweet-meats; and the small ones are also candied whole, for various Uses. The distill'd Water of Li∣mons, as well as of Citrons, is reckon'd an excellent Cosmetick. Secret Letters are writ with the Juice of Limons, which may be read when they are held to the Fire. The Juice imparts a curious Purple Colour to

Conserve of Roses, or Vio∣lets. 'Tis also much used to change Colours, or to fix them. For Nephritick Dis∣eases, Take of the Wood of Oak rasp'd one Ounce, of Fountain-water three Quarts, of the Juice of Li∣mons four Ounces; infuse them twenty four Hours upon hot Ashes, and after∣wards boyl it to the Con∣sumption of a third part; strain it: The Dose is six Ounces. 'Tis excellent for an hot Intemperies of the Liver, for Ulcers of the Reins, and for Heat of the Urine; but especially, it evacuates salt, viscid Flegm from the Reins and Blad∣der, the Cause of Heat of Urine and Strangury. Li∣mons are brought to us from Spain and Italy.

Liquid-Amber.

'Tis the Resin that flows from a vast Tree, that hath Leaves like Ivy-leaves: The In∣dians call it Ocosolt. When the Spaniards first enter'd into those Parts, where these Trees grow, they call'd them Spice-bearing Trees. 'Tis much used in Physick: It heats, strengthens, re∣solves, and is Anodine. It comforts the Brain, the Head being anointed with it; and cures all sorts of Pains proceeding from a cold Cause. It strengthens the Stomach, procures Ap∣petite, and helps Conco∣ction. Much of it is used to perfume Gloves. 'Tis good in all cold Diseases, to resolve Tumors, to open Obstructions of the Womb, to asswage the Tumors of it, and to provoke the Courses. Some cut the Wood in small pieces, and boyl it, and take off the Fat which swims at top, and sell it for true Oyl: And this is sold by some Apothecaries for Liquid-Storax.

M.

MAce, in Latin Macis.

'Tis the Covering or the Nutmeg, and is very Aromatick, and full of much Spirituous Heat, and is therefore good for cold Diseases. 'Tis much of the same Virtue with the Nut∣meg; but because its Parts

are finer, it works more powerfully, and is more penetrative.

Mandrake, in Latin Mandragora.

'Tis Male and Female. It grows spontaneously in hot Coun∣tries, as Spain and Italy, and the like, in Woods, and shady Places. Man∣drakes are reckon'd a∣mongst Narcotick Medi∣cines. Some have que∣stion'd whether the Apple of it were wholesom, or no. But Faber Lynceus, Botanick Professor at Rome. a very learned Man, and of good Reputation, says, that both the Pulp and the Seed may be safely eaten. Now, seeing the Apples of the Mandrake are fit to be eaten, and smell well, why should we seek for any o∣ther Interpretation for the Hebrew Word Dudaim, which Reuben brought to his Mother Leah? And see∣ing it was the Opinion of the Ancients, that the Seeds of the Mandrakes purged the Womb, 'tis very pro∣bable that Rachel, knowing this Virtue of them, desir'd the Mandrakes; that her Womb being purg'd, she might be render'd capable to conceive, and to bear Children, as well as her Sister Leah, and her Maid Zilpha. The Bark of the Root, which is brought to us from abroad, especially from Italy, is Narcotick; but it is seldom used in∣wardly. 'Tis outwardly used for Redness and Pains of the Eyes, for an Erisipe∣las, hard Tumors, and the King's-Evil.

Manna.

The best comes from Calabria. It sweats out of the Branches and Leaves of the Ash-trees in Calabria, and grows hard by the Heat of the Sun: For Manna is not Heaven∣ly Dew, or Airy Hony, as has been prov'd by un∣doubted Experiments. What can be more evident De∣monstration, that Manna is the Humour or Juice, di∣stilling from the Trunk or Branches of the Ash-tree cut; or, What Experiment can be more certain to prove it, than what Pena and Lobelius deliver? Namely, That having cut down great Branches of the

Larix and Ash-tree, and placed them in a Wine-Cellar, at that time of the Summer that Manna used to be gather'd in, and the next Day they perceiv'd Manna upon them. This was confirm'd to me, says Mr. Ray, when I travell'd into Italy, by many of the Inhabitants of Calabria; but especially by the learned and diligent Searcher into the Works of Nature, Doctor Thomas Cornelius, a Physi∣cian; who having carefully cover'd the Branches, with Clothes wrapp'd round them often, gather'd Manna from them. Which is a Proof beyond Exception. Manna is used to loosen the Belly, two or three Ounces of it being dissolv'd in Broth or Whey. 'Tis a very gentle Medicine, and may be safe∣ly given to Old Men, Chil∣dren, and Women with Child. Take of Manna one Ounce and an half, dis∣solve it in two Ounces and an half of Black-Cherry-water, add to it one Ounce of the Purging Syrup of Apple, Spirit of Sulphure three Drops: Half of it may be taken at a time. This is a proper Purge for Children. A Person that had the Cholick, and had taken thirty Clysters to no purpose, was releiv'd by taking an Ounce and an half of Manna, mix'd with two Ounces of Oyl of Sweet Almonds, in fat Chicken-Broth. Take of Manna half an Ounce, of fresh Oyl of Sweet Almonds a sufficient quantity to dis∣solve it, add ten Drops of Rose-water; mingle it: Let Children lick of this often, to loosen their Bel∣lies when there is occa∣sion.

Black Master-wort, in Latin Astrantia nigra.

It purges Melancholy, like White Hellebore.

Mastick-tree, in Latin Lentiscus.

All the Parts of it are binding; the Buds, the Leaves, the Branches, the Fruit, and the Bark of the Root. A Juice is pres∣sed from the Bark, the Root, and the Leaves, boyl'd in Water, or from the green Leaves bruis'd; which ta∣ken inwardly, is good for a Loosness, and the Bloody-Flux,

Fluxes of the Womb, and for the Falling of the Womb and Fundament. In short, it may be used in∣stead of Acacia and Hypo∣cistis. The Oyl of the Ma∣stick-tree, made of the ripe Fruit, and thicken'd, cures the Mange in Cattel and Dogs. 'Tis also successful∣ly mix'd in Medicines for curing the Leprosie. The Oyl of it is much com∣mended for the Falling of the Hair, and for Inflam∣mations of the Gums, the Oyl being held in the Mouth moderately hot. Mastick grows only in the Island of Chios, where the Inhabitants take as much care of the Mastick-tree, as other People do of their Vine-yards; for they chief∣ly live by the Product of the Mastick-tree: And so great Abundance of it have they, that they pay yearly, as a Tribute to the Grand Seignior, 4 or 5000 Ducats. Mastick taken inwardly, stops the Voiding of Blood, and cures an old Cough, and is good for the Sto∣mach. Two Drams of Ma∣stick, mix'd with Crumbs of toasted Bread, and ap∣applied hot to the Stomach, takes off Vomiting, and the Pain of the Stomach. Take of Myrrh and Mastick equal Parts, boyl them in Oyl of Camomile: This is excel∣lent for inveterate Pains of the Hips. Half an Ounce of Mastick, boyl'd in three or four Quarts of Water, is used for the ordinary Drink of those that have a Loosness. The People of China, Men, Women and Children, do most com∣monly hold Mastick in their Mouths, to strengthen their Teeth and Gums, and to perfume their Breath; they also bake it with their Bread, to give it a good Taste. In short, Mastick is preferr'd before all other Medicines, in those Diseases where-there is need of Binding. The best Mastick is of a light Colour, clear and transparent, sweet-scented and friable. 'Tis sometimes adulterated with Resin of the Pine-tree, and with Frankincense; but the Cheat may easily be disco∣ver'd by the Smell.

Mechoacana.

It takes its Name from an Island in

New-Spain, call'd Mechoa∣can. It purges Flegmatick and Watery Humours from all Parts of the Body, espe∣cially from the Head, Nerves and Breast. 'Tis good for old Coughs, the Cholick, and the French-Pox. 'Tis taken most com∣monly in substance, being powder'd, and taken in a proper Liquor, especially in Wine. It is not given in a Decoction, because it has been found by Experience, that boyling destroys the Virtue of it. The Dose is, from half a Dram to two Drams. 'Tis corrected by adding a third part of Cin∣namon, Annise, or Mastick. 'Tis best when it is fresh, whitish within, and of an Ash-colour without.

Mezereon.

'Tis very hot and acrid; being chew∣ed in the Mouth, it burns the Jaws and Throat: But it purges Choler strongly, being corrected by infusing it twenty four Hours in Vinegar. Some correct it by infusing it in Wine, and drying it again. But the Leaves, Bark, or Berries, howsoever they are pre∣par'd and corrected, are seldom used, by reason of their Malignity: Nor, in∣deed, ought they to be used, but in desperate Ca∣ses, or for want of safer Medicines.

Myrobalanes, in Latin Myrobalani.

There are five Sorts of them, which are comprehended in the fol∣lowing Distick.

Myrobalanorum species sunt quinque bonorum; Citrinus, Chebulus, Beleri∣cus, Emblicus, Indus.

All of them cool, dry, and are astringent; as is mani∣fest from their Taste, which is sharp, with a little Acri∣mony. The Chebulae, Be∣lericae and Emblicae purge Flegm, the Citrinae purge Yellow Choler, and the In∣dae Black Choler. Being toasted, they purge a little, and bind much, like Ru∣barb. Because they purge little, Physicians give other Things with them. The Dose is two or three Drams.

Myrrh, in Latin Myr∣rha.

The best Myrrh is

the cleanest, which is rough, light, and breaks easily; smells sweet, tastes bitter and hot. It heats, disposes to Rest, and is good in cold Diseases of the Head. It conglutinates, and dries. It provokes the Courses, and hastens Delivery. 'Tis good for an old Cough, and Dif∣ficulty of Breathing, and for Pains of the Breast and Sides, and for a Loosness, and for the Bloody-Flux. It cures an Hoarseness, be∣ing held in the Mouth, and what dissolves of it being swallow'd down. It heals Wounds of the Head, and is frequently applied to Bones when they lie naked. It was much used former∣ly to preserve dead Bodies. Some say, it is good in a Dropsie. 'Tis excellent in a Gangrene, for Swellings and Wounds, especially in the Head. The Troches of Myrrh of the London-Dispensatory are made in the following manner: Take of Myrrh three Drams, of the Flower of Lupines five Drams, of the Roots of Madder, the Leaves of Rue, Wild Mint, Dittany of Crete, Cummin-seeds, Assafoetida, Sagape∣num, and Opoponax, each two Drams; dissolve the Gums in Wine wherein Mug-wort has been boyl'd, or Juniper-berries; add the rest, and make Troches with the Juice of Mug-wort. They move the Courses with ease, in such as use to have them with pain, a Dram of them be∣ing taken in some proper Liquor. 'Tis an Ingredi∣ent in the Elixir proprieta∣tis, which is made in the following manner: Take of Myrrh, Aloes and Saf∣fron, each half an Ounce; of Spirit of Wine rectified ten Ounces, of Spirit of Sulphure by the Bell half an Ounce; first draw a Tincture from the Saffron, in the Spirit of Wine, by digesting of it six or eight Days; then add the Myrrh and Aloes grosly beaten, and the Spirit of Sulphure; digest them in a long Viol, well stop'd, for the space of a Mouth; stop the Viol close, and shake it often; pour off the black Tincture from the Faeces, let it stand quiet a Night, then pour it out, and decant it so of∣ten

as you find any Faeces at the bottom. 'Tis hot and dry, Stomachick and Anodine, Uterine and Ale∣xipharmick. Two Drams of it will purge. It cures Tertian Agues, and is an Universal Medicine, fit for all Ages, for Men, Women and Children. It alters, evacuates, and strengthens, when you do not design Purging. The Dose is, six or twelve Drops, in Wine or Beer. Tincture of Myrrh is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Put what quantity you please of good Myrrh powder'd into a Bolt-head, and pour upon it Spirit of Wine four Fin∣gers high; stir the Matter, and set it in Digestion in warm Sand two or three Days, or until the Spirit of Wine is loaded with the Tincture of Myrrh; then separate the Liquor by In∣clination, and keep it in a Viol well stop'd. It may be used to hasten Delivery, and to bring down the Courses; also for a Palsie, Apoplexy, Lethargy, and for all Diseases that pro∣ceed from Corruption of Humours. 'Tis Sudorifick, and Aperitive. The Dose is, from six Drops to fif∣teen, in some proper Li∣quor. 'Tis commonly used in outward Applications, or mix'd with Tincture of A∣loes, to dissolve cold Tu∣mors, for Injections, and a Gangreen. Tho' Tinctures of Myrrh are daily drawn in Wine, yet the best that can be prepar'd is with Spi∣rit of Wine, because this Menstruum receives the more Oyly or Balsamick Part of the Myrrh. Some use to evaporate this Tin∣cture to the Consistence of an Extract, but then they lose the more Volatile Part of the Myrrh; wherefore 'tis better to use the Tin∣cture, as above describ'd. Oyl of Myrrh, per deli∣quium, is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Boyl Eggs until they be hard, then cutting them in two, sepa∣rate the Yolks, and fill the White with Myrrh pow∣der'd; set them on little Sticks plac'd conveniently on purpose, in a Plate, or Earthen Pan, in a Cellar, or some such moist place, and there will distil a Li∣quor to the bottom of the

Vessel; put it out, and keep it for use: This is call'd Oyl of Myrrh. 'Tis good to take away Spots and Blemishes in the Face, applied outwardly. Myrrh is a Gummy Juice, that di∣stils from a Thorny Tree, of a middle heighth, by In∣cisions that are made into it. This Tree grows common∣ly in Ethiopia and Arabia. The Ancients were wont to collect from the same Tree a Liquor that fell from it without Incision, which is called Stacten: 'Tis a li∣quid Gum, and, it is pro∣bable, has more Virtue than common Myrrh, because it is the more spirituous part which filtrates through the Pores of the Bark.

N.

CEltick Nard, in La∣tin Nardus Celtica.

It heats and dries, provokes Urine, strengthens the Sto∣mach, and discusses Wind. 'Tis frequently used in Lo∣tions for the Head. It grows frequently upon the Alpes.

Spike-Nard, in Latin Nardus Indica, sive Spica Nardi.

'Tis much of the same Virtue with the for∣mer. 'Tis Hepatick, is good for the Jaundice, and the Stone in the Kidnies. Nard-Oyl is made in the follow∣ing manner: Take of Spike-Nard three Ounces, of Marjoram two Ounces; Wood of Aloes, Sweet-smelling Flag, Elecampane, Cyperus, Bay-leaves, Indian Leaves or Mace, Squinanth, Cardamoms, of each one Ounce and an half; bruise them all grosly, and steep them in Water and Wine, of each fourteen Ounces; Oyl of Olives four Pounds and an half; perfect the Oyl by boyling it gently, in a double Vessel. It heats, attenuates, digests, and binds moderately; and is good for cold and windy Diseases of the Brain, Sto∣mach, Reins, Liver, Spleen, Bladder and Womb.

True English Stinking Dead-Nettle, in Latin Ga∣leopsis.

The Juice of it given with Vinegar, is good for Hemorrhoids, and takes off Warts, and discusses

hard Tumors. A Deco∣ction of it, or the Powder of the Herb, is commend∣ed for Diseases of the Spleen.

Nigella.

The Seed is chiefly in use. It expecto∣rates, increases Milk, and provokes Urine and the Courses. 'Tis good for the Biting of Venomous Crea∣tures, and is reckon'd Spe∣cifick for Quotidian and Quartan-Agues. 'Tis used outwardly in Epithems, and the like, for the Head-ach, and to dry Catarrhs. An Oyl is press'd out of it, which many ignorant Apo∣thecaries use instead of Nard-Oyl. For Catarrhs and a Coriza use the follow∣ing Nodulus: Take of the Seeds of Nigella toasted, of Tobacco, Storax, and Cala∣mint, each one Scruple; of Amber-grease two Grains; mingle them and tie them up in a Rag; let it be of∣ten held to the Nostrils. For the Recovery of Smel∣ling, Take of Roman Ni∣gella a sufficient quantity, powder it, and mix it with old Oyl in a Mortar; lean∣ing the Head back, and the Mouth fill'd with Water, let the Party snuff some of it up into his Nostrils. Take of the Roots of Sow-bread, and of Esula, each one Dram; of the Seeds of Roman Nigella half a Dram, with a sufficient quantity of Hony make a Pessary for the Falling of the Womb. 'Tis an Ingredi∣ent of the Syrup of Mug∣wort of the London-Dispen∣satory.

Nutmeg, in Latin Nux Moschata.

The Tree grows commonly in the Island Banda, situated near the Equator. 'Tis somewhat Astringent, is Stomachick, Cephalick and Uterine; it discusses Wind, helps Con∣coction, mends a Stinking Breath, prevents Fainting, does good in the Palpita∣tion of the Heart, lessens the Spleen, stops a Loos∣ness and Vomiting, pro∣vokes Urine, and quickens the Sight. Nutmeg is of great use in the Bloody-Flux, and other Fluxes; for it has all the Virtues necessary for a Medicine fit for these Diseases. The Oyly Substance of it de∣fends

the Guts from sharp Humours, and eases the Pain; the Aromatick Qua∣lity consisting in the Airy Spirit, penetrates the No∣ble Parts, and comforts them; the Earthy Part binds, dries up Ulcers, and Cicatrises them. Candied Nutmegs are used in all cold Diseases of the Head, for a Palsie, and other Dis∣eases of the Nerves and Womb; besides, they are counted Cordial. They have been used to be brought many Years can∣died from the Indies, and are used for Sweet-meats and Banquets. Delicate People eat the outward Bark when it is green, and they prefer it before the Nut, for it has a curious Smell, and is very agree∣able to the Stomach; but it has been found by Expe∣rience, that the frequent and excessive use, both of the Nuts and Bark, occa∣sions Sleepy Diseases, for they are very Narcotick: Upon which Account, what Tavernier relates is not im∣probable; namely, That when these Nuts are ripe▪ the Birds of Paradise flock together to the Molucca-Islands, to eat them; just as Thrushes flock to France, at the time of the Vintage; but they pay dearly for their dainty Food; for when they have eaten gree∣dily of them, they are seiz∣ed with a Giddiness, and fall to the Ground as if they were drunk; and when they lie on the Ground the Ants eat off their Legs. And Lobelius mentions an Observation of an English Lady with Child that long'd for Nutmegs, and eat twelve of them; upon which shew grew deli∣rous, or was rather intoxi∣cated; but having slept a good while, and Repelling Medicines being applied to her Head, she recover'd. The Wounds of a Soldier were soon cured by eating Nutmegs. Wedelius also commends them for curing of Wounds. John Bauhi∣nus having drunk cold Wa∣ter too freely on the Apen∣nine Mountains, was seiz'd with violent Pains in his Bladder, and his Scrotum was swell'd with the Wind, tho' he never was bursten'd before or after; and when

he thought he should have died by reason of the Vio∣lence of the Pain, his Fel∣low-Traveller gave him Nutmegs, and he eat four of them presently, and, by the Blessing of God, was freed of his Pains. Nut∣megs chew'd and swal∣low'd, do much good for a Palsie of the Parts that serve for Swallowing. An Oyl express'd from the fresh Nuts beat, and made hot in a Frying-pan, is good for the Gripes, and Nephri∣tick Pains, being taken in∣wardly in some hot Li∣quor. Children's Navels being anointed with it when they are grip'd, are eas'd thereby. 'Tis also good for Pains of the Nerves and Joints proceed∣ing from Cold. The Tem∣ples being anointed with it, it disposes to Rest. The best Nutmeg is that which is weighty. Oyl of Nut∣megs is made in the follow∣ing manner: Take sixteen Ounces of good Nutmegs, beat them in a Mortar un∣til they are almost in a Paste, and put them upon a Boulter, cover them with a piece of strong Cloth, and an Earthen Pan over that; put your Cloth over a Ket∣tle half fill'd with Water, and set the Kettle upon the Fire, that the Vapour of the Water may gently warm the Nutmegs; when you find, upon touching the Pan, it is so hot that you cannot endure your Hand upon it, you must take off the Boulter; and putting the Matter into a Linen Cloth, take its four Corners, and tie them quickly together, put them into a Press, between a couple of warm Plates, set the Pan underneath, and there will come forth an Oyl, which congeals as it grows cold; press the Mat∣ter as strongly as you are able, to draw out all the Oyl; then keep it in a Pot well stop'd. This Oyl is very Stomachick, being ap∣plied outwardly, or else given inwardly. The Dose is, from four Grains to ten, in Broth, or some other convenient Liquor. This is call'd Oyl of Nutmegs by Expression, which is an Ingredient in the following Apoplectick Balsam: Take of Oyl of Nutmegs by Ex∣pression

two Ounces, Oyl of Rosemary, Marjoram, Sage, Thyme, Hysop and Angelica, each one Dram; Oyl of Cinnamon half a Dram, of Oyl of Amber half a Scruple, of Oyl of Rhodium one Dram, of the Oyl of Rue, Limons, Oranges and Cloves, each one Scruple; of Peruvian Balsam half an Ounce, of Tincture of Benzoin, of Civet, Chymical Oyl of Nutmegs, of Tincture of Cloves, each half a Dram; of Amber-grease two Drams, of Musk one Dram; put all the Oyls together, in a Glass, for use; the longer they have been mix'd, the better they are: Then take ten or twenty Drops, and grind them with the Oyl of Nut∣megs half an Hour, then drop the same number of Drops as before; get up the Mixture together with a piece of Horn, or with a Knife, then let it stand two Hours to ferment, then put thirty Drops of the Oyls more to it, and grind it with the Mixture half an Hour; cover it with a Pa∣per, and let it stand all Night; in the Morning grind it with the Balsam of Peru for half an Hour, then warm a Brass Mortar and Pestle, and cut or scrape in∣to it your Amber-grease; add to it thirty Drops of your Mixture of Oyls grind them together for a quarter of an Hour, then add thir∣ty Drops more of the Oyls, afterwards put it out on one side of the Stone, and on the other side put the Musk, mix it by degrees, with the Oyls and Amber-grease, till it be all dissolv∣ed; then put to it the Ci∣vet, and grind it with the Musk and Amber-grease for a quarter of an Hour; mix all by degrees with the former Composition, and ferment them two Hours, then put it up, and keep it for use. Take of Alabastrian Ointment, and of Ointment of Roses, each two Ounces; of Opium one Dram, of Saffron one Dram, of Oyl of Nutmegs one Dram; mingle them, and make an Ointment; anoint the Temples and Forehead with it: 'Tis good for the Head-ach. Take of Saffron powder'd

two Scruples, of the Oint∣ment of the Flowers of O∣ranges, and of Oyl of Sweet Almonds, each one Ounce; of Oyl of Nutmegs by Ex∣pression half a Dram; min∣gle them, and make an Ointment: Anoint Chil∣dren's Breasts, in Colds, and other Diseases of the Lungs, with this Oint∣ment.

Nux Vomica.

'Tis Narcotick and Virulent, and worse than Opium. Being powder'd, and mix'd with Meat, it kills Cats and Dogs.

O.

OAK of Jerusalem, in Latin Botrys.

The Herb powder'd, and mix'd with Hony, is good for an Ulcer of the Lungs: It provokes the Courses, and expels a dead Child. Take of this Herb, of Hedge-Mustard, and of Nettles, each two Handfuls; of Colt's-foot one Handful and an half; boyl them in a sufficient quanti∣ty of Fountain-water, in B. M. to a Quart of the clear Liquor strain'd; add the Juice of Turnips par'd, and boyl'd in Fountain-water; change the Water twice, and when they are soft press out the Juice gently; add of this Juice, having clear'd it self by standing, one Pint, fine Su∣gar three Pounds; boyl it to a Syrup in B. M. when there is occasion to use it.

Olive-tree.

'Tis a Tree of a moderate Bigness; it grows slowly, and lasts long, some say two hundred Years. It grows in Italy and France, and other Pla∣ces. Tho' Olives, when they are ripe, are black, and taste acrid, bitter and nauseous; yet the Oyl that is press'd from them is most commonly Pellucid, and a little yellowish. It tastes sweet and pleasant; but that which is freest from Colour and Taste, is rec∣kon'd the best. The Leaves of Olives cool, dry, and are astringent. They are chiefly used outwardly, for Fluxes of the Belly of the Courses, for an Herpes, and the like; and with

Medicines for the Eyes. So great is the use of the Oyl, both for Meat and Medi∣cine, that it would take up too much time to mention all. Galen, Dioscorides, Pli∣ny, and others, both An∣cient and Modern, have treated largely of it. One was ask'd when he was above an Hundred Years old, by what Means he kept up the Vigour of his Mind and Body: He an∣swer'd, By taking Wine in∣wardly, and by using of Oyl outwardly. Cardan mentions three Things which prolong Life; Milk, Hony and Oyl: But he does not mean that the Oyl should be used outwardly, but be taken inwardly with Meat. Aristotle said, that Oyl and Salt should be al∣ways had in Readiness, for that they much conduced to a long Life. The best Oyl for the Recovery of Health is that which is made of Olives before they are ripe, and then 'tis call'd Omphacinum: Of this they make Ointments, and many other Compositions. Oyl of Ripe Olives is hot, and moistens moderately: The Old is hotter than the New. It mollifies, digests, is vulnerary, and loosens the Belly, an Ounce of it being taken in hot Beer. It takes off the Dryness of the Breast, cures the Gripes, opens the Urinary Passages, cleanses and heals them when they are sore. 'Tis outwardly used for Cly∣sters, and hot Tumours, and the like. Mix'd with warm Water, and taken inwardly, it vomits; and therefore is used against Poysons. Schroder says, that in Westphalia they u∣sually give Oyl daily, with hot Beer, to those that are wounded; and they take so much of it, that their very Sweat smells of it. A Toast dip'd in Oyl, and well moisten'd with it, and taken daily in the Morning, keeps the Bo∣dy open. All sorts of In∣sects being besmear'd with Oyl, die presently: The Reason is plain, for it stops the Pores whereby they breath. Oyl cleanses the Hands from Pitch, and Clothes when they are pitch'd.

Opium-seed, White of Poppies, in the First Part this Herbal.

Opium is a Tear which distils of it self, or by Incision of the Heads of the Poppies. 'Tis found frequently in Greece, in the Kingdom of Cambaia, and the Territories of Grand-Cairo in Egypt. There are three Sorts of it, the Black, the White, and the Yellow. The Inhabitants of those Countries keep this Opium for their own use, and send us only the Meconium, which is nothing else but the Juice of the Poppy-heads, drawn by Expres∣sion; which is not near so good as the true Opium. The best Opium comes from Thebes, or else from Grand-Cairo. Chuse it black, inflamable, bitter, and a lit∣tle Acrimonious. Its Smell is disagreeable and stupe∣factive. Extract of Opium is made in the following manner: Cut into Slices four Ounces of good O∣pium, and put it into a Boult-head; pour upon it a Quart of Rain-water well filter'd, stop the Boult-head, and setting it in the Sand, give your Fire by degrees; then increase it to make the Liquor boyl for two Hours; strain it warm, and pour it into a Bottle; take the Opium which re∣mains undissolv'd in the Rain-water, dry it in an Earthen Pan, over a small Fire; and putting it into a Matrass, pour upon it Spi∣rit of Wine, to the heighth of four Fingers; stop the Matrass, and digest the Matter twelve Hours in hot Ashes; afterwards strain the Liquor, and there will remain a Glutinous Earth, which is to be flung away; evaporate both these Disso∣lutions of Opium separate∣ly, in Earthen or Glass-Ves∣sels, in a Sand-heat, to the Consistence of Hony, then mix them, and finish the drying this Mixture with a very gentle Heat, to give it the Consistence of Pills, or of a solid Extract: 'Tis the most certain Soporifick that we have in Physick: It allays all Pains which proceed from too great an Activity of the Humours. 'Tis good for the Tooth-ach, applied to the Tooth, or else to the Temple-Ar∣tery in a Plaster. 'Tis used

to stop Spitting of Blood, the Bloody-Flux, the Flux of the Courses, and He∣morrhoids; for the Cho∣lick, for hot Defluctions of the Eyes, and to quiet all sorts of Griping Pains. The Dose of it is, from half a Grain to three Grains, in some convenient Conserve, or else dissolv'd in a Julap. Those that ac∣custom themselves to the use of Opium must increase the Dose of it, or else it will have no Effect on them. Helmont's Liquid Laudinum is made in the following manner: Take of Opium four Ounces, cut it into Slices, dry it in a gentle Heat; then take a Quart of the Juice of Quinces, mix one quarter of the Juice with Opium, rub it very well in a Glass-Mortar, let it dissolve as much of the Opium as it will bear; decant it off, and pour on as much more fresh Juice, rub it as be∣fore; continue so doing till the Opium is dissolv'd, but keep out a little of the Juice to mix with four Spoonfuls of Yeast; then put it to the rest of the Liquor, and place it in a wide-mouth'd Glass, cover'd with Paper, in the first Degree of Heat, on a degestive Furnace, to ferment; let it continue four Days, or so long as it ferments; when it has done fermenting take it off the Furnace, and decant it from the Faeces; that which will not decant filter through Paper; then add to this Tincture an Ounce of Saf∣fron, two Ounces of Cin∣namon, half an Ounce of Nutmegs, and half an Ounce of Cloves; the Cin∣namon and Nutmegs must be powder'd grosly; set it on the Degestive Furnace again, in the same Degree of Heat, and let it stand three or four Days; then filter your Tincture through Paper, and put it into a Cucurbite, put on an Head and Receiver; draw off half that which remains in the Cucurbite; you must filter it again, lest any Dregs should remain at the bot∣tom: Put it up in a Glass for use.

Oranges, in Latin Ma∣lus Aurantia.

The Nobili∣ty and Gentry in England

value the Trees much, and keep them in their Gardens for a fine Shew, and some of them bring Fruit to Ma∣turity; but by reason of the Coldness of our Cli∣mate, the Product is no way suitable to the Charge. They are kept in Houses in the Winter-time, to defend them from the Injuries of the Weather: But they grow in great abundance in Sicily, Italy and Spain, and in other Places. The Flowers are much esteem'd for their good Smell, which they retain a long while. The distill'd Water of them is also very fragrant, and is not only pleasant, but use∣ful too against the Plague and Contagious Diseases. The Spaniards give it to Women in hard Labour, with a little Penny-royal-water. The Bark is more bitter, and therefore hotter than the Bark of Citron. Being candied, it kills the Worms in Children. It al∣so strengthens the Heart and Stomach, and is good for those Diseases Citrons are prescrib'd for. The Juice is not so sharp as that of Limons or Citrons, yet it is cooling, and tastes pleasantly. It creates an Appetite, and extinguishes Thirst; and therefore is of good use in Fevers. O∣ranges are excellent for cu∣ring the Scurvy. The Oyl press'd out of the Bark is of a fiery quality, as will appear to any one that shall press the fresh Juice near a Candle; for the Drops, like Dew, that fly out will flame and crackle, just as if the Powder of Sulphure were flung upon the Flame. Some think that the Bark so press'd into the Eyes clears the Sight. Neck-la∣ces and Bracelets, to num∣ber the Prayers, are made of small Oranges that fall off; and they smell very pleasantly. The Seeds kill the Worms in Children. The Seeds being set in the Earth, little Trees spring for a Year, which are eaten in the manner of Sallets; they taste very pleasantly, and strengthen the Sto∣mach, and create an Appe∣tite. For the Worms, Take an Orange, bore an Hole in it, and press out the Juice; then fill it with e∣qual parts of Oyl of Flax,

the Juice of Wormwood, and Rue, adding a little Treacle, and Flower of Lupins, and let them boyl a while: Anoint the Pulse, the Temples, the Nostrils, and the Navel with this Linament, and you will find wonderful Success. Conserve of Oranges is made in the following man∣ner: Take what quantity you please of the yellow Peel of Oranges, beat them well in a Stone-Mortar, and add thrice the weight of Fine Sugar; beat it up to a Conserve: This is good for a cold Scurvy, and for Pains and Wind in the Stomach. Syrup of O∣ranges is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Take of the Juice strain'd, and cla∣rified by standing, one Pint; of White Sugar clarified, and boyl'd up to the Con∣sistence of Tablets, two Pounds; let it just boyl up, and so make a Syrup. O∣range-water is made in the following manner: Take of the yellow Peel of half an Hundred of the best fresh and well-colour'd O∣ranges, infuse them four or five Days in three Quarts of Sack and two Quarts of Nants-Brandy; put a Pound of Loaf-Sugar into it to sweeten it.

Orchis.

It heats and moistens, and tastes sweet. 'Tis chiefly used for a Pro∣vocative to Venery; it comforts the Womb, and helps Conception. Take of the Salt of Satyrion half a Scruple in Malaga-Wine often, after the Flux of the Courses: This has made many Women fruitful. Diasatyrion of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of the Roots of Orchis three Ounces; Dattes, bit∣ter Almonds, Indian-Nuts, Pine-Nuts, Fistich-Nuts, Ginger candied, Eryngo-Roots candied, each one Ounce; of Cloves, Galan∣gal, Long and Black Pep∣per, each three Drams; of Amber-grease one Scruple, of Musk two Scruples, of Penids four Ounces, of Cinnamon and Saffron, each half an Ounce; of Malaga-Wine three Oun∣ces, of Nutmegs, Mace, Grains of Paradise, each two Drams; of Ash-tree-Keys,

the Belly and Loins of Scinks, of Facticious Borax and Benzoin, each three Drams; of the Wood of Aloes and Cardamoms, each two Drams; of the Seeds of Nettles, Onions, and of the Roots of Avens, each one Dram and an half; mingle them, and make an Electuary accord∣ing to Art, with two Pints and an half of the Syrup of Ginger preserv'd. This E∣lectuary is frequently used for a Provocative to Ve∣nery.

Oyster-green, or Sea-Wrake, in Latin Fucus Ma∣rinus.

All kinds of Wrake cool and dry, and are good for Inflammations being u∣sed fresh.

P.

PAnax-Herculis.

This Herb being cut, espe∣cially in the Root, the Juice flows out in the Summer-time, which is call'd Opo∣panax. 'Tis good for Wounds: It mollifies, di∣gests, discusses Wind, purges thick and clammy Flegm from the remote Parts, from the Head, Nerves and Joints. The best is yellow without, and white or yel∣lowish within; it tastes ve∣ry bitter, and smells strong; 'tis of a fat Consistence, dissolves easily in Water, and is light and friable. The Roots of Panax-Her∣culis are good for all cold Diseases of the Breast, for Pains of the Stomach, and Obstructions of the Bow∣els; for Diseases of the Reins, Bladder, Womb and Breast. They are good for Pains of the Head, Giddi∣ness, the Falling-Sickness, Convulsions, the Palsie, an Asthma, for Coughs, the Jaundice. and a Dropsie▪ They expel Wind, provoke Urine and the Courses, ha∣sten Delivery, and expel Gravel. A Decoction of them is good for the Hip-Gout. Take of Opopanax one Dram, of Spike-Nard powder'd half a Scruple, of Diagridium four Grains; with Syrup of Staecha's make Pills: These Pills purge Flegm.

Pellitory of Spain, in Latin Pygrethrum.

'Tis rec∣kon'd an excellent Reme∣dy for the Palsie of the Tongue, and Loss of Speech. The Root is very biting, and hot. Being chew'd in the Mouth, it cures the Pain in the Teeth.

Round Black Pepper, in Latin Piper Rotundum Ni∣grum.

It grows in most of the Provinces of India, e∣specially Malaca, Java and Sumetra. There is so much of it in those Places, that it serves the whole World. The Plant is so weak, that it cannot stand by it self; and if it has no Tree to climb upon, it falls to the Ground like Hops.

White Round Pepper, in Latin Piper Rotundum Al∣bum.

There is no diffe∣rence betwixt the Plants, as there is none betwixt the Vines that bring White and Red Grapes. All sorts of Pepper heat, provoke Urine, concoct and discuss, being taken inwardly; and used outwardly, they take off the Shaking Cold Fit of Agues, and are good for the Biting of Venomous Creatures. Pepper hastens Delivery, and is suppos'd to hinder Conception, be∣ing applied after Copula∣tion. 'Tis good for Coughs, and all Diseases of the Breast. Mix'd with Ho∣ny, 'tis best for a Quinsie. It takes off the Gripes, be∣ing taken with the tender Leaves of Laurel. It draws Flegm from the Head, be∣ing chew'd with Raisins; and it excites Appetite, and helps Concoction. Mix'd with Pitch, it discusses King's-Evil Swellings, and is good for Cold and Crude Stomachs. There is a great difference betwixt Taking of it whole, and in Pow∣der; for the Powder causes the Hickups, and inflames all the Bowels: They there∣fore that take it to help their Stomachs, should swal∣low it whole. And it is best to season Bak'd Meats with Whole Pepper; for when it is powder'd it sticks to the Coats of the Stomach, and occasions in some Constitutions the Heart-burning, and the Hickups. 'Tis used out∣wardly

in Gargarisms, and Sneezing-Powders. It takes off the Pain of the Teeth, and asswages the Swelling of the Uvula, and is good for cold Diseases of the Nerves. Pepper, and the Oyl of it, is mightily com∣mended for Quartan-Agues, by several good Authors. Oyl of Pepper outwardly used, is an excellent Reme∣medy for a Palsie. Not only the Berries, which are properly call'd Pepper, are so biting, but also the whole Plant. The Indians use Long Pepper in Ointments, for Pains of the Members proceeding from Cold, and against Poysons, and for Giddiness of the Head, Ca∣tarrhs, and Dimness of Sight, with good Success. The Common Sort of Peo∣ple in India use, when their Stomachs have been a long while weak, to drink Wa∣ter wherein a good quanti∣ty of Pepper has been in∣fus'd: And they draw a very fiery Spirit from fresh Pepper, which they use for the same purpose. Pepper with a cluster'd Tail, and Long Oriental Pepper, have much the same Virtues with these describ'd. Take of Malaga-Sack three Pints, of Rue, Ginger and Long-Pepper cut, each two Drams; of Nutmegs one Dram; boyl them to the Consumption of a third part; strain it, and add two Drams of Venice-Trea∣cle, and one Dram of Mi∣thridate, and four Ounces of strong Angelica-water; mingle them: The Dose is, one Spoonful at a time for Preservation against the Plague, and three at a time to cure it.

Pitch, in Latin Pix.

'Tis the Resin of the Pine, of the Firr-tree, and some other Trees: which is di∣still'd by Fire, and boyl'd to a Consistence. Pitch used in the manner of a Plaster, pulls up Hairs by the Roots. It mollifies, suppurates, dis∣cusses Swellings, and in∣carns Ulcers. Tar cures the Mange in Cattel, and their Wounds and Ulcers, and keeps the Fly from them. In Norway they use Tar that is made of the Firr, with good success in Malignant Fevers; they mix it with Beer, and drink

it: And they count dry Pitch a present Remedy for the Gout: But the chief use of Pitch is for Shipping. Lamb-Black is nothing but the Smoak of Pitch; they that make it have Rooms that keep in all the Smoak, and so they collect it. Take of Liquid Pitch, and of the Balsam of Tolu, each twenty six Grains; of Chios-Turpentine one Scru∣ple; with Powder of Crab's-eyes make a Mass, where∣of make Midling-Pills; take three in the Morning, and at Bed-time, drinking upon them six Spoonfuls of the following Julap: Take of Hysop-water one Pint, of Ground-Ivy-water six Ounces, of the Tincture of the Balsam of Tolu one Dram and an half, of White Sugar-candy a suffi∣cient quantity. These Pills are good in a Consum∣ption.

The Plane-tree, in La∣tin Platanus Orientalis Vera.

The tender Leaves boyl'd in Wine, and used in the manner of an Ointment, stops Fluxions on the Eyes. The Bark boyl'd in Vine∣gar is used for Pains of the Teeth; but now-a-days it is not used in Physick. The Lord Bacon, that excellent Man, whom all the World admires, planted several of these Trees near Veru∣lam.

Poley-Mountain, in Latin Polium Montanum.

It provokes Urine, and the Courses; is good for Drop∣sies, and the Jaundice, and the Biting of Venomous Creatures. 'Tis an Ingre∣dient in Treacle and Mi∣thridate. Sylvius commends it much for the Falling-sickness, because it abounds with a Volatile Salt.

Pomegranate, in La∣tin Malus Punica, sive Gra∣nata.

It grows in France, Italy and Spain. The Ap∣ples are reckon'd to con∣tain a good Juice, that is agreeable to the Stomach; but it yields little Nourish∣ment. Pomegranates, with respect to their Taste, are distinguish'd into Sweet, Acid and Vinous. The Sweet, and the Syrup of them, is used for Cronical Coughs; and a Pleurifie;

but it is not good in Fe∣vers, because it occasions Wind, and increases the Heat. The Acid are cold, and Astringent, and Sto∣machick; wherefore they, and the Syrup of them, are used to quench Thirst, for Fevers, the Running of the Reins, for Ulcers of the Mouth, and the like. The Vinous are of a middle Na∣ture, betwixt Acid and Sweet; they are Cordial and Cephalick, and chiefly used for Fainting, and Gid∣diness, and the like. The Juice is press'd out of these Apples for the aforesaid Uses; and being ferment∣ed and clear'd, is call'd Wine. The Flowers are very astringent, wherefore they are frequently used for Fluxes of all kinds. The Powder of them being sprinkled upon Ulcers, soon Cicatrises them, and cures Ulcers of the Mouth. The Bark is of the same Nature with the Flowers, and is used to tan Leather, and to make Ink, instead of Galls. A Decoction of it in Wine, taken inwardly, kills Worms, especially those which are call'd Asca∣rides. The Kernels cool and bind, especially those of the Acid Apple. In short, the Flowers, the Bark, the Kernels, and the Leaves are proper where there is need of Binding. Syrup of Pomegranates of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following man∣ner: Take of White Sugar a Pound and an half, of the Juice of Pomegranates cla∣rified a Pint; make a Sy∣rup in B. M. Caesalpinus says, that the Juice press'd from the Pomegranate, and the Peel of it, purges yel∣low Choler: But this must be understood of the Sweet Apples. Take of Pome∣granate-peel half an Ounce, of Red Roses two Pugils; boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Cow's Milk; in half a Pint of the strain∣ed Liquor dissolve half an Ounce of Diascordium: Make a Clyster. This Dr. Sydenham commends much in a Loosness, to stop it.

Potatoes, in Latin Bat∣tata.

They are boyl'd, or roasted under Ashes, and eat better than our Turnips.

They grow in the New World, and the neighbour∣ing Islands; from whence they were brought to Spain, and from thence to other Parts of Europe.

Mock-Privet in Latin Phillyrea.

The Leaves of it are astringent; and a Decoction of them cures Ulcers of the Mouth: And being taken inwardly, it provokes Urine, and the Courses. Mock-Privet is much used to make Hedges in Gardens, and is planted in Walks.

Psylium, in English Flea-wort.

It grows com∣monly about Montpeliar, and in Italy. It evacuates yellow Choler, and by its Mucilage blunts the Acri∣mony of the Humours; and is therefore commend∣ed in a Dysentery, and the like. But it is suppos'd to be offensive to the Stomach, and occasions Faintness if it be taken often. For Pains proceeding from Inflamma∣tions of the Eyes, Take of the Mucilage of the Seed of Flea-wort, and Quinces, made in Plantane and Rose-water, each one Ounce; and mix'd with five Grains of Camphire, in the White of an Egg; drop it into the Eyes. When the Pa∣late, Uvula or Tongue are excoriated, Purslain or Flea-wort-water does good. Vio∣lent Pains of the Head, pro∣ceeding from an hot Cause, which other Remedies could not mitigate, have been happily eas'd with an Epi∣them made of the Muci∣lage of the Seeds of Flea-wort, extracted in Rose-water, and mix'd with a little Vinegar. Take of the Mucilage of the Seeds of Flea-wort, or of Quinces, extracted with the Water of Lettice or Roses, half an Ounce; of Syrup of Vio∣lets, Limons, or Pomegra∣nates one Ounce and an half; mingle them: Let the Sick take a little by In∣tervals, and hold it in his Mouth. This is good for an Heat, Drought, or Foul∣ness of the Tongue or Jaws.

Pulsatilla.

'Tis a Vul∣nerary Herb. The distill'd Water of it is excellent for cleansing and curing

Wounds. The Root of it is much commended by some for a Preservative from the Contagion of the Plague, and against Poy∣sons, and for the Biting of Venomous Creatures, two Drams of it being taken in Wine, 'Tis also mix'd with Antidotes. But Tragus says, that the Root dried, pro∣vokes Sneezing; and that, being chew'd in the Mouth raw, it evacuates Flegm. Which argues, that it is not gentle nor sweetish, as Mat∣thiolus says.

R.

COmmon Reed, in La∣tin Arundo Vallatoria.

The Root of it boyl'd in Water or Wine, and taken inwardly, provokes the Courses and Urine. The Decoction of it in Wine takes off the Scurf from the Head, the Head being wash'd therewith. The green Leaves bruis'd, and applied, cures St. Anthony's Fire, and other Inflamma∣tions. Reeds are strowed in the Chambers of those that have Fevers, to keep them cool. The Juice of the Root, mix'd with an equal quantity of Hony and Goat's Suet, takes off the Spots occasion'd by the Small-Pox. The Pith ap∣plied to the Fore Part of the Head, and the Feet, provokes Sweat powerful∣ly if the Party that uses it keeps his Bed, and is well cover'd. The Root beat, and applied, draws out Thorns from the Flesh.

Rubarb, in Latin Rha∣barbarum.

It grows in Chi∣na. It purges gently yel∣low Choler, and clammy Flegm. 'Tis a Specifick for the Liver. It cures the Jaundice, a Loosness, and the Bloody-Flux. 'Tis rec∣kon'd to purge first, and bind afterwards. 'Tis com∣monly order'd to be torre∣fied, but it certainly lessens the Virtue of it. For Fe∣vers proceeding from Ob∣structions, Take two Drams of Rubarb, or one for In∣fants, slice it, and tye it up in a Rag, and infuse it in a Pint of Succory-water: The Dose is, four Ounces. You must pre••s the Rag

wherein the Rubarb is eve∣ry Morning. Montanus says, he cured all sorts of Fevers with this Remedy. For the Hectick Fever in Children, and to purge them upon other Accounts, Take of choice Rubarb slic'd two Drams, put it into a Glass-Bottle containing a Quart of Small Beer, or any other Liquor the Child usually drinks of; stop the Bottle close: This Medicate Beer must be used in the Day and Night, and at Meals. When it is drunk up, a Quart more must be put upon the same Rubarb: Which also being drunk off, a Quart more must be put upon it as before. After which, the Rubarb commonly loses its Virtue. But, lest the Beer first put on should be too much im∣pregnated with the Cathar∣tick Quality of the Rubarb, and so purge too much, 'tis best to add another Pint presently after the first is drunk; but afterwards fresh Beer must not be added, till the whole Bottle is ta∣ken. Syrup of Rubarb of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following man∣ner: Take of the best Ru∣barb, and of the Leaves of Sena, each two Ounces and an half; of Violets one Handful, of Cinnamon one Dram and an half, of Gin∣ger half a Dram, of the Waters of Bettony, Succory and Bugloss, each a Pint and an half; mix them, and let them stand warm all Night; strain the Liquor, and boyl it to a Syrup, with two Pounds of Fine Sugar; ad∣ding to it, at last, four Oun∣ces of Syrup of Roses So∣lutive: An Ounce or more of it may be taken at a time. The Troches of Ru∣barb are made in the fol∣lowing manner, Take of choice Rubarb ten Drams, of the Juice of Maudline thicken'd, and of Bitter Almonds, each half an Ounce; of Red Roses three Drams, of the Roots of A∣sarabacca, Madder, Indian Spike, of the Leaves of Wormwood, Annise and Smallage, each one Dram; make Troches according to Art, with Wine wherein Wormwood hath been boyl∣ed, or with the Juice of Maudline clarified: A Dram of them may be taken at a

time. Extract of Rubarb is made in the following manner: Bruise six or eight Ounces of good Rubarb, and infuse it twelve Hours warm in a sufficient quan∣tity of Succory-water, so as the Water may be four Fin∣gers above the Rubarb; let it just boyl, and pass the Liquor through a Cloth; infuse the Remainder in so much more Succory-water as before, then strain the Infusion, and express it strongly; mix your Impreg∣nations, or Tinctures, and let them settle; filtrate them, and evaporate the Liquor in a Glass-Vessel, over a very gentle Fire, un∣til there remains a Matter that has the Consistence of thick Hony; this is cal∣led Extract of Rubarb: The Dose is, from ten Grains to two Scruples, in Pills, or dissolv'd in Succo∣ry-water. The best sort of Rubarb is that which being broke, appears of a Nut∣meg-colour within. Its Vir∣tues are so many, and so great, that if they were suf∣ficiently known, and Men could generally use it without that Nauseousness which too commonly at∣tends it, Mankind would have infinitely less need than they have of the Art of Physick in most Cases; and Men might, perhaps, preserve themselves from most Diseases, without any other Help.

Ryce, in Latin Oryza.

It grows in East-India, and is their chief Corn. It de∣lights much in moist and wet Ground, and therefore they perpetually water it; so that those that reap it are forc'd to go up to the Knees in Water. 'Tis ve∣ry much eaten with Meat; so that all the Oriental Na∣tions live upon it almost. 'Tis easie to concoct, and tastes very pleasantly being boyl'd in Milk, or in fat Broth. 'Tis good Food for those that are troubled with the Bloody-Flux, a Loos∣ness, and the like. Some think, that the feeding up∣on it often makes them fat; and therefore Lean Women eat it often, boyl'd in Milk.

S.

SAge of Jerusalem, in La∣tin Pulmonaria Maculo∣sa.

'Tis commonly used with Pot-herbs. 'Tis cor∣dial, and good for the Lungs. 'Tis much of the healing Nature of Com∣frey. 'Tis chiefly used for Ulcers of the Lungs, and for other Diseases of them; as, a Consumption, Spit∣ting of Blood, and the like. 'Tis used outwardly for Wounds. 'Tis an Ingre∣dient in the Magisterial-Water of Snails of the Lon∣don-Dispensatory.

Sanders, in Latin San∣talum.

There are three sorts of it, White, Yellow and Red. These Woods are Epatick and Cordial. They are chiefly used for Fainting, Palpitation of the Heart, and Obstru∣ctions of the Liver. They are used outwardly in Epi∣thems, for Catarrhs, Head-ach, Vomiting, and for an hot Intemperies of the Li∣ver. The Arabians, and most of the Modern Physi∣cians, hold, that Sanders are cold: But John Bauhi∣nus, and others, judge they are hot, by their Effects and Taste. Great quanti∣ties of the White and Yel∣low Sanders are used in In∣dia; for almost all the In∣habitants wash their Bodies with Water wherein they have been infus'd, having been first pounded in a Stone-Mortar, and then they suffer it to dry on: And this they do to cool their Bodies, and to per∣fume them, for the Indians are much delighted with sweet Smells. Red Sanders cools and binds. White Sanders powder'd, and ta∣ken in an Egg, or infus'd all Night upon hot Ashes, in Red Wine, and taken inwardly, stops the Flux. The Species of the three Sanders of the London-Dis∣pensatory is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Take of all the Sorts of the Sanders, and Red Roses, each three Drams; Rubarb, Ivory, Juice of Liquorish, and Pur∣••lain-seeds, of each two Drams and fifteen Grains; of Gum-Arabick, Traga∣canth, of the Seeds of Me∣lons, Cucumbers, Citruls,

Goards, and Endive, of each one Dram and an half; of Camphyr one Scru∣ple; make a Powder ac∣cording to Art. 'Tis used for Obstructions of the Li∣ver, for the Jaundice, and for Weakness of the Sto∣mach and Bowels.

Sarsaparilla.

It con∣sists of fine Parts, and is Sudorifick. 'Tis a Specifick for the French-Pox, for Pains in the Limbs, and for curing Ulcers and Cro∣nical Diseases that proceed from gross and clammy Humours, and for such as depend on the Nerves. 'Tis also used for the King's-Evil, and the like. Take of Sarsaparilla ten Ounces, of the Roots of China four Ounces, of fresh Roots of Female Fern three Ounces, of White Sanders two Ounces, of Harts-horn and Ivory rasp'd, each one Ounce and an half; infuse them twelve Hours in ten Quarts of Barly-wa∣ter, then boyl it to the Consumption of a third part; adding towards the latter end, Raisins of the Sun ston'd half a Pound; then strain it, and add an Ounce of Fine Sugar to every Pint of the Deco∣ction, and a Dram of Co∣riander-seeds: Keep it in Stone-Bottles, well stop'd, in a Cellar. Take of Sar∣saparilla powder'd two Ounces, of the Inner Re∣sinous Wood of Guaiacum half an Ounce, of Hart's-horn burnt, and the Tro∣ches of Vipers, each one Ounce; of Yellow San∣ders, Tormentile and Am∣ber, each half an Ounce; of Diaphoretick Antimony the weight of all the rest; make an Electuary with equal Parts of Syrup of Rasberries, and the Alter∣ing Syrup of Apples: The Dose is one Dram, drink∣ing upon it a Draught of the Decoction of Sarsa to provoke Sweat. The two Medicines above-mention'd are used for the Cure of the French-Pox.

Sassafras.

It grows in Florida, and in other Re∣gions of America. The Decoction of the Wood of the Root and of the Bark is much used. 'Tis good for the Hip-Gout, and for

Obstructions; and is count∣ed excellent for pale Vir∣gins. 'Tis much used for the French-Pox. It expels Wind from the Womb, takes off Crudities, pro∣vokes the Courses wonder∣fully, and cures barrenness, and makes lean People fat. Many use the Water, or Decoction of it, to prevent the Plague, and other Con∣tagious Diseases. 'Tis good for Wind, and cold Diseases of the Stomach. It helps Concoction, stops Vomiting, and is very good for cold Diseases of the Breast. It cures the Head-ach, expels Gravel, takes off the Heat of Urine, cures a Stinking Breath, and stops Catarrhs. Take of Sassafras six Drams, of Sarsaparilla four Ounces, of the inner Resinous Wood of Guaiacum three Ounces, of the Bark of the same one Ounce; of the Roots of Bur-dock, Scorzonera, Con∣trayerva, Tormentil, and Butter-bur, of each one Ounce and an half; infuse them in two Quarts of Small White-wine, upon hot Ashes, for twenty four Hours; then add six Quarts of Fountain-water, and boyl it half away; put in also of Annise-seeds, Sweet-Fen∣nel-seeds, and Coriander-seeds, each three Drams; of Liquorish two Ounces; strain it for use. Electua∣ry of Sassafras of the Lon∣don-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of the most fragrant Wood of Sassafras two Ounces, boyl it in three Pints of common Water till half is consum'd; to∣wards the End add half an Ounce of Cinnamon grosly powder'd; strain it, and with two Pounds of Fine Sugar boyl it to a thick Sy∣rup; then add of Cinna∣mon powder'd one Dram, of Nutmegs powder'd half a Scruple, of Amber-grease thirty two Grains, of Musk three Grains, ten Leaves of Gold, and four Drops of Spirit of Vitriol: Make an Electuary according to Art. It opens Obstructions, stops Defluxions, helps Conco∣ction, expels Wind and Gravel, and is generally good for Diseases that pro∣ceed from cold, crude and thin Humours. A Dram of it may be taken at a time.

Saw-wort, in Latin Se∣ratula.

'Tis called so be∣cause the Leaves are in∣dented like a Saw. Taken in Wine 'tis good for Rup∣tures and Bruises; and a Dram of the Powder of the Root taken in hot Wine, does the same. A Decoction of it in Wine cleanses Ul∣cers wonderfully, and in∣carns and cicatrises them. It eases the Pain of the Piles, they being fomented with it. The Leaves and the Root beat together, and applied, cures Wounds and Bursten Bellies.

Scammony, in Latin Scammonium.

The best comes from Antioch; 'tis clear, splendid, melts easily, and breaks easily, is not very weighty; being touch∣ed with the Tongue it grows milky, when it is broken 'tis yellowish; but that which we have com∣monly is of an Ash-colour, and looks ill, because it is not the Liquor or Tear flowing from the Plant, but the Juice press'd out. It purges strongly Choler∣ick, Watery and Sharp Hu∣mours from the remote Parts, and therefore is fre∣quently used for such Pur∣poses: The Dose is, from six Grains to a Scruple. But it is most commonly used mix'd with some other thing. The Preparation of Scammony is in the fol∣lowing manner: Put the Powder of Scammony into a Quince made hollow, co∣ver'd with Paste, and baked in an Oven, or roasted un∣der Ashes; take out the Scammony, and being so prepar'd, 'tis called Diagri∣dium. There is another Preparation of it with Sul∣phure: Take of Scammo∣ny powder'd as much as you please, put it upon a Paper, hold the Paper over Live Coals whereupon Brimstone is cast, till the Scammony melts, or grows white; and this is called Sulphurated Scammony. Diagridium is an Ingre∣dient in the Golden Pill, and of the Pill Cochia Major. Scammony is an Ingredient in the Pill Cochia Minor, of the Pill De Lapide Lazuli, of the Pill of Opopanax, of the Pill Rudii, and of the Pill Sine-quibus. Take of Calcin'd Hart's-horn three

Grains, of Mercurius Dul••is fifteen Grains, one Drop of Oyl of Sulphure being drop'd upon it, Diagri∣dium nine Grains, Cinna∣mon two Grains, Spirit of Hart's-horn three Drops; mingle them, make a Pow∣der to be taken in the Pap of a Roasted Apple once a Week. This is a proper Purge for Children that are troubled with Worms. Scammony is also an Ingre∣dient of the Electuary of the Juice of Roses of the London-Dispensatory.

Scottish Scurvy-grass, Sea-Coal-wort, or Sea-bind-Weed, in Latin Soldanalla Marina.

The Herb is A∣crid, and injurious to the Stomach; it purges vio∣lently; but because of its Acrimony, 'tis boyl'd in fat Broth. 'Tis peculiarly pro∣per to evacuate Water in a Dropsie: 'Tis also good in the Scurvy. 'Tis cor∣rected with Cinnamon, Mace, Ginger and Annise-seeds, and the like. 'Tis given sometimes in Sub∣stance, and then the Dose is, from half a Dram to a Dram. Take of the Leaves of Scottish Scurvy-grass half an Ounce, of Annise-seeds one Scruple; boyl them in Flesh-Broth for one Dose. Take of the Powder of Scottish Scurvy-grass one Dram; of Spike and Mace, each half a Scruple; min∣gle them. Either of these Medicines is used to purge Water.

Sebestens, or Assyrian Plums, in Latin Myxa, si∣ve Sebesten.

They grow in Egypt and Asia. They are much used in Diseases of the Lungs, for Coughs joyn∣ed with Heat and Drought, for Difficulty of Breathing, a Pleuresie, a Peripneumo∣nia, an Hoarsness, and for a Catarrh. They are an Ingredient in the Pectoral Decoction of the London-Dispensatory, and in the Sy∣rup of Hysop.

Sena.

It grows in Sy∣ria, Persia and Arabia; and from thence is carried into Egypt, to Alexandria; from whence it is brought to us. It purges Choler, Flegm, and Melancholy; but it is flatulent; and is apt to dis∣turb the Stomach and

Bowels. 'Tis corrected with Cinnamon, Galangal and Ginger. 'Tis given in Substance, from half a Dram to one Dram and an half; and in Infusion, from two Drams to five. Great Virtues are attributed to it by the Ancient and Modern Physicians. It cures the Head-ach, is good for Mad∣ness, the Falling-sickness, a Palsie, and the Itch, and the like. It chears the Heart, quickens the Sight, helps Hearing, and opens Obstructions of the Bowels. Take of the Leaves of Se∣na cleans'd a sufficient quan∣tity, put them into a Glass-Bottle, and pour upon them so much Aqua-vitae as will rise four or five Fingers a∣bove the Matter; stop the Bottle close, and let it stand for two Days: The Dose is two Spoonfuls in Broth. Sena is an Ingredient of Elixir Salutis, which is, in∣deed, an excellent Medi∣cine. 'Tis made in the fol∣lowing manner: Take of the Leaves of Sena four Ounces, of Guaiacum, and of the Roots of Elecam∣pane dried, of the Seeds of Annise, Carraways and Co∣riander, and of Liquorish, each two Ounces; of Rai∣sins of the Sun ston'd half a Pound; steep them in the Cold, in three Quarts of Aqua-vitae, for the space of four Days; strain it: The Dose is two, three or four Spoonfuls, more or less, according to the Age and Strength of the Patient. 'Tis excellent for the Cho∣lick, and for Gravel, and many other Diseases. 'Tis sold, I believe, in most Market-Towns in England, and is made by many: And there has been very hot Disputes amongst the Pub∣lishers, about the Primoge∣niture of it. The Greater Compound-Powder of Sena of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of the Seeds of Annise, Caraway, Fen∣nel, Cummin, Spike-Nard, Cinnamon and Galangal, each half an Ounce; of Liquorish and Gromel, each one Ounce; of Sena the weight of all: Make a Powder. The Lesser Com∣pound-Powder of Sena of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of the best

Sena two Ounces, of the Cream of Tartar half an Ounce, of Mace two Scru∣ples and an half, of Gin∣ger and Cinnamon, of each one Dram and an half; Sal Gemmae one Dram; make a Powder according to Art. The Powder cal∣led Dia-Sena of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of the Leaves of Sena, and of Cream of Tartar, each two Ounces; of Cloves, Cinnamon, Galangal and Bishop's-weed, each two Drams; of Diagridium half an Ounce: Make a Powder according to Art. The Decoction called De∣coctum Senae Gerconis of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of the Leaves of Sena two Ounces, of the Roots of Polypody of the Oak half an Ounce, of Ginger one Dram, of Raisins of the Sun ston'd two Ounces, of Sebestens and Damask-Prunes, each in number Twelve, of the Flowers of Borrage, Violets, Red Ro∣ses, and Rosemary-flowers, each two Drams; boyl them in two Quarts of Fountain-water, to the Con∣sumption of half: But some Purging Syrup is usually added to this, to make it work.

Skirret, in Latin Sisa∣rum.

'Tis sown in Gar∣dens; but the usual Way of propagating it is, to set the lesser Roots in Februa∣ry or March, before they spring; the greater being to be eaten at that time, boyl'd, and dish'd with Butter, Pepper and Salt, the middle hard Nerve be∣ing first taken out. Cordus says, that it is the most wholesom Root that is eat∣en. 'Tis hot and moist, and concocts easily▪ and nourishes pretty well; but it is windy, and there∣fore a Provocative to Ve∣nery.

Smilax Aspera.

It grows in Sicily, Italy and France every where in the Hedges. 'Tis a Succeda∣num for Sarsaparilla. It cures the French-Pox, and Pains of the Joints and Nerves. It evacuates hurt∣ful Humours by Sweat and Transpiration, and cures

the Vices of the Skin. 'Tis given in Powder, or in a Decoction. Fallopius cured several of the French-Pox with it.

Virginian Snake-weed, in Latin Polyrhizos Virginia∣na.

'Tis a most certain and present Remedy a∣gainst the Venom of the Rattle-Snake. 'Tis also good for the Biting of a Mad Dog, and to cure a Quartan-Ague, half a Dram or a Dram of it being ta∣ken just before the Fit comes. 'Tis also used in Pestilential Fevers, and al∣so for the Worms in Chil∣dren. Take of Virginian Snake-weed powder'd one Dram, of Coral calcin'd till it is white half a Dram; mingle them: Make a Powder. The Dose is half a Scruple, or a Scruple, twice a Day, for three Days following: The Child must drink a Decoction of Grass-Roots upon it.

Spunge, in Latin Spon∣gia.

'Tis much of the na∣ture of a Mushroom. It grows upon Rocks, Shells, and the Sands. It has se∣veral Uses: 'Tis used in Fomentations, for it retains the Heat much longer than Clothes. Anatomists and Chirurgeons use it to suck up Blood, and to dilate Ulcers, and to keep them open as long as it is conve∣nient, and to dry them. The Ancient Physicians used the Ashes of it in Me∣dicines for the Eyes. Ma∣ny Modern Physicians pre∣scrib'd the Ashes to be ta∣ken in Wine, for the space of a Month, for the Cure of a Bronchocele.

Squills, or Sea-Onion, in Latin Scilla.

It grows in Spain, and elsewhere. It incides, opens and dis∣cusses. 'Tis used in Ob∣structions of the Liver, of the Spleen, and for Ob∣structions of the Courses and Urine; for Coughs, and the Mucilage of the Lungs. There are two Oxymels of Squills used in the Shops, Simple and Compound. They are chiefly used for Diseases of the Breast proceeding from gross Flegm. Hony of Squils of the London-Dispen∣satory

is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Take a large Sea-Onion, full of Juice, cut it into small pieces, and put it into a Glass-Vessel close stopp'd, and cover'd over with a Bladder; let it stand in the Sun forty Days, twenty Days before the Rising of the Dog-Star, and twenty Days after; then open the Glass, and take the Juice which lies at the bottom, and preserve it with the best Hony. Vinegar of Squills of the London-Dis∣pensatory is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Take that part of the Squills which is between the outward Bark and the bottom, cut it into thin Slices, place them thir∣ty or forty Days in the Sun, or in some gentle Heat; then cut a Pound of them small, with an Ivory-Knife, or a Knife made of some white Wood; put it into a Vessel with six Pints of Vinegar, set the Vessel, close stop'd, in the Sun thirty or forty Days; afterwards strain it, and keep it for use. Simple Oxymel of Squills of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following manner Take of Clarified Hony three Pounds, of Vinegar of Squills two Pints; boyl them according to Art. Compound Oxymel of Squills of the London-Dis∣pensatory is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Take of Origanum, Hysop, Thyme, Lovage, of the Lesser Car∣damoms, and of Staechas, each five Drams; boyl them in three Pints of Wa∣ter, to one; strain it, and mix with it two Pounds of Hony, of Raisins half a Pound, Juice of Briony five Ounces, Vinegar of Squills a Pint and an half; boyl it according to Art, and take off the Scum. This and the Simple Oxy∣mel are good for Obstru∣ctions of the Lungs, and to cleanse the Stomach. Wine of Squills of the Lon∣don-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of the Roots of White Mountain-Squils, gather'd about the Rising of the Dog-Star, cut them into Slices, and let them lie a-drying a Month; put a Pound of them into a Glass, and pour upon them

four Quarts of Old French White-wine; infuse them forty Days, and then take out the Squills. Take of Oxymel of Squills one Ounce and an half, of Vi∣negar of Squills two Oun∣ces; mingle them: Make a Vomit. This is a gentle Vomit. Take of the Infu∣sion of Crocus Metallorum six Drams, of Wine of Squills one Ounce and an half, of Simply Syrup of Sorrel half an Ounce. This is a stronger Vo∣mit. Oxymel of Squills, mix'd with Pectoral Sy∣rups, is excellent to help Expectoration.

Staechas.

It grows plentifully about Montpe∣liar. It heals and dries, is Diuretick and Vulnerary. 'Tis chiefly used for Ob∣structions of the Urine, Liver, Spleen and Courses. It resolves Coagulated Blood, it dries Catarrhs, and kills Worms being ta∣ken in Wine. 'Tis also commended for drying up sharp Defluxions of the Lungs. 'Tis used outward∣ly to mollifie hard Swel∣lings of the Womb, in Fo∣mentations. It dries and discusses Defluxions of the Head, the Herb being burnt and smelt to. Mat∣thiolus says, that the whole Herb cures all Diseases of the Brain proceeding from a cold Cause; namely, Flegmatick Fluxions, Pains of the Head, the Falling-Sickness, the Palsie, and the like. Syrup of Staechas of the London-Dispensatory is made in the following man∣ner: Take of the Flowers of Staechas four Ounces, of Rosemary half an Ounce, of the Herb Thyme, Cala∣mint and Origanum, each an Ounce and an half; of Sage and Betony, each half an Ounce; of the Seeds of Rue, Peony and Fennel, each three Drams, digest them a Day or two in B. M. in a sufficient quan∣tity of warm Fountain-wa∣ter; strain it out, and to five Pints of the strain'd Liquor add five Pounds and an half of Fine Sugar: Make a Syrup according to Art in B. M. add some Drops of Oyl of Cinna∣mon. This Syrup is fre∣quently made use of in Dis∣eases of the Head.

Staves-acre, or Louse-wort, in Latin Staphis A∣gria.

It grows in Dalma∣tia, Apulia and Calabria. 'Tis violently hot, Acrid and Caustick; therefore it is used for a Masticatory. It also purges; but be∣ing not a gentle Medicine, 'tis seldom used. Twelve Grains or a Scruple of the Seed purges upward and downward, and raises Sa∣livation; wherefore it is very good in the French-Pox, says Sylvius: but it inflames the Jaws, and oc∣casions a violent Heat in them, and brings the Pa∣tient in danger of Suffoca∣tion, and therefore surely ought not to be used in∣wardly. Take of Mastick three Drams, of Pellitory of Spain and Staves-Acre, each two Drams; of the Roots of Angelica half a Dram, of Cubebs and Nut∣megs, each one Dram; of Euphorbium one Scruple, of Wax a sufficient quanti∣ty to make a Mass for Ma∣sticatories.

Storax-tree, in Latin Styrax Arbor.

It grows in Italy. The Resin of Sto∣rax, which is sold in the Shops is two-fold, dry and liquid. The dry is called Storax-Calamite; so called because it is put up in Reeds. And when there is only mention made of Sto∣rax in prescribing, you must understand it to be the Calamite-Storax. It heats, dries, mollifies and concocts▪ is good for Di∣stillations and Hoarsness. 'Tis good also for an Hard∣ness and Obstruction of the Womb. 'Tis much used for Perfumes. That is best which is fat, and has whi∣tish Fragments. The Red Storax of the Shops, which the Jews frequently use for Perfumes, comes from In∣dia. Liquid Storax is a fat Liquor, like a Balsam; it has a strong Smell, and is of the Consistence of Ho∣ny. A Storax, with the Leaves of Maple, grows in the Lord Bishop of London's curious Garden: It was brought from Virginia. The Pill of Storax of the Lon∣don-Dispensatory is made in the following manner: Take of Storax-Calamite, of Oli∣banum, Myrrh, and of the Juice of Liquorish thicken'd,

each half an Ounce; of Saffron one Dram; with Syrup of White Poppies make a Mass. This is much used for Tickling Coughs proceeding from Rheums, and Defluxions on the Lungs: The Dose is fifteen Grains, or one Scru∣ple, to be taken at Bed∣time.

Straw-berry-tree, in Latin Arbutus.

It grows in Sicily, Italy and France, and in the West Part of Ireland. The Fruit tastes pleasantly, but not so well as Straw-berries. 'Tis offensive to the Stomach, and causes the Head-ach. A Water drawn from the Leaves and Flowers in Glass is counted an excellent Anti-dote against the Plague, and for Poysons.

Sugar-Cane in Latin Arundo Saccharina.

It grows spontaneously in both the Indies. 'Tis also planted in many other Places; as, in the Canary-Islands, Spain, Sicily, Crete and Cyprus. It loves a fat and moist Ground, and is fit to make Sugar in the space of a Year. The Juice is press'd out in a Mill, which is ve∣ry sweet, but will not keep above twenty four Hours, afterwards it turns to Vine∣gar: They boyl it up in great Furnaces; but it is worth noting, that if any Oyl be mix'd with it, it will never come to Sugar. Sugar is much used, both in Food and Physick. It has been suppos'd, that the immoderate use of Sugar here in England has been the Reason of the Increase of the Scurvy and of Con∣sumptions amongst us: 'Tis certain that it increases the Scurvy, for by the frequent use of it the Teeth grow black and rotten, which are certain Signs of the Scurvy. Moreover, it con∣tains in it a very Corrosive Salt, which appears by Di∣stillation: And it is well known, that the Scurvy is occasion'd by a Fixed Salt, and cured by a Volatile Salt. But it is to be noted, that Sugar is better to be mix'd with Medicines pe∣culiar to Women's Diseases than Hony, for Hony is in∣jurious to the Womb. Su∣gar is dissolv'd in Water,

then filtrated, and so it is purified; afterwards the Liquor is evaporated, and it is made up into Loaves, or put up in Casks: 'Tis either Red, brown, or white, according to the Degrees of Purification. When the Sugar has been refin'd no more than above∣said, it is a little fat: Now to refine it farther, it is dis∣solv'd in Lime-water, and boyl'd, and the Scum is ta∣ken off; when it is suffi∣ciently boyl'd they cast it into Molds of a Pyramidal Form, which have Holes at the bottom to let the more glutinous part run through, and separate. 'Tis farther refin'd by boyling it with the Whites of Eggs in Water; for the glutinous quality of the Whites of Eggs does help to receive and take away the Impuri∣ties that remain in the Su∣gar, and the boyling drives them all to the Sides of the Vessel, in a Scum: The Li∣quor is pass'd through a Cloth, and then evapora∣ted to a due Consistence. Sugar-Candy is only Sugar Crystalliz'd: The Way to make it is, to boyl Refin'd Sugar in Water, to the Consistence of a thick Sy∣rup; 'tis then pour'd into Pots, wherein little Sticks have been laid in order, 'tis left in a still place some Days, without stirring, and you have the Sugar-Can∣dy sticking to the Sticks. Brown Sugar-Candy is made after the same man∣ner. Its Sweetness proceeds from an Essential Acid Salt, mix'd with some Oyly Parts, whereof it consists; for, if you separate these two Substances, one from another, neither of the two will prove at all sweet: The Oyl alone is insipid upon the Tongue, because it makes little or no Im∣pression upon the Nerve that serves for Tasting; but when the Acid is en∣tirely mix'd with it, the Edges of this Acid do serve for a Vehicle to the Oyl, to make it penetrate and tic∣kle superficially the Nerve, whereby the Sense of Tast∣ing is produced: The Acid therefore being alone, does become incisive, and pricks the Tongue by its Edges; but when they are dull'd and blunted by the Ramous

Parts of the Oyl, then they have another sort of Deter∣mination, and can no longer pierce the Nerve of Tast∣ing, but with a great deal of Tenderness and Gentle∣ness. Cask-Sugar is sweeter than finer Sugar, because it contains more viscous or fat Parts, which remain the longer upon the Nerve of the Tongue: And this makes us sometimes prefer the first, as to Use, before the other. Sugar-Candy is better for Coughs than common Sugar, because, being harder, it requires a longer time to melt in the Mouth; and besides, it keeps the Breast moister than the common Sugar. Spirit of Sugar is made in the following manner: Powder and mix eight Ounces of White Sugar-Candy with four Ounces of Sal-Armoniack, put this Mixture into a Glass, or Earthen Body, whose third part only is thereby fill'd; fit an Head to the Body, and place it in a Sand-Fur∣nace; joyn a Receiver to it, and lute well the Jun∣ctures with a wet Blad∣der; give it a small Fire for an Hour only, to heat the Vessel, then increase it to the second Degree; there will distil a Liquor, Drop by Drop, and towards the End there will rise white Vapours into the Head; increase your Fire still more, until nothing more comes forth; let the Vessels cool, and unlute them, you will find in the Receiver se∣ven Ounces of a brown Li∣quor that smells ill, and also a little black Oyl that sticks to the Sides; pour it all together into a Glass-Body, and having fitted to it an Head and Receiver, and luted the Joints, distil in Sand six Ounces of a ve∣ry Acid Spirit, that is clear, and agreeable to the Taste, and without any Smell. 'Tis good against Gravel, and the Dropsie, and for a Loosness, and the Bloody-Flux. The Dose is, eight or ten Drops in Tincture of Roses, or the like. That which remains in the Body, after Rectification, is a Fe∣tid Oyl, which may be outwardly used to cleanse old Ulcers. Melassoes, or the Hony of Sugar, are used to make Aqua-vitae; and

they yield a strong Spirit. It has been reported, that some Brewers make Ale, in a great measure, with Me∣lassoes; but if they do, it is an abominable Cheat; for they are not near so wholesom as Malt. Take of Brown or Red Sugar four Spoonfuls, of common Salt as much as will lie on a Three-pence, of Cow's-Milk one Pint; let the Milk just boyl up, dissolve the Sugar and the Salt in it; strain it. This is a Clyster, and, generally speaking, serves as well as the best, to empty the Bowels.

Swallow-wort, in La∣tin Asclepias.

It grows in Germany, Italy and France. The Root of it is very Ale∣xipharmick, and Sudorinick. 'Tis chiefly used for the Plague, and other Conta∣gious Diseases; for Ob∣structions of the Courses, for the Palpitation of the Heart, a Fainting, and a Dropsie. 'Tis also com∣mended for the Stone. 'Tis used outwardly. The Flow∣ers, the Roots, and the Seeds cleanse Sordid Ul∣cers. 'Tis good for the Bi∣ting of Venomous Crea∣tures, for Ulcers of the Paps, of the Breasts, and the like.

T.

TAmarinds, in Latin Tamarindi.

They grow in Arabia Foelix, and in the East and West-Indies. They correct the Acrimony of the Humours, purge Cho∣ler, and restrain the Heat of they Blood; they cure Fe∣vers, and the Jaundice, and take off the Heat of the Stomach and Liver, and stop Vomiting. The Turks and Arabians, when they go long Journies in the Summer-time, carry Ta∣marinds with them, to quench their Thirst. In Pestilential and Putrid Fe∣vers, Water wherein Ta∣marinds have been infus'd, sweeten'd with Sugar, is a proper Liquor to drink; for it extinguishes Thirst, and cools much. Take of Tamarinds half an Ounce, of Sena two Drams, of Rubarb one Dram and an

half; boyl them in a suffi∣cient quantity of Fountain-water; to three Ounces of the strain'd Liquor, add of Manna and Syrup of Roses Solutive, each one Ounce: Make a Purging Potion. This is a good Cooling Purge, and works well. Take of Tamarinds half an Ounce, of Sena two Drams, of Rubarb one Dram and an half; boyl them in a sufficient quanti∣ty of Water; to three Ounces of the strain'd Li∣quor add of Manna, and Syrup of Roses Solutive, each one Ounce; of Sy∣rup of Buck-thorn half an Ounce, of the Electuary of the Juice of Roses two Drams; mingle them, make a Potion: But this must be given only to strong Peo∣ple. I have found by Ex∣perience, that this purges, when nothing else will. 'Tis good for a Dropsie, and the Running of the Reins.

Tea, or Thee.

This Shrub grows in Japan and China. The Price varies according to the Largeness of the Leaves; and so great a difference is there in the Price, that one Pound of the best Tea is sold for more than an hun∣dred Pounds of another Sort. The Goodness of it is known by the fragrant Smell of the Leaves: It smells somewhat like Hay, mix'd with a little Aroma∣tick Smell. 'Tis of a green Colour, and tastes sweet, with a little bitter. It pu∣rifies the Blood, prevents troublesom Dreams, expels Malignant Vapours from the Brain, takes off Giddi∣ness, and the Head-ach, especially when it proceeds from Over-eating. 'Tis good in a Dropsie, for it provokes Urine very much. It dries up Rhumes of the Head, corrects the Acri∣mony of the Humours, opens Obstructions of the Bowels, and strengthens the Sight; for the People of Japan use it as the only Remedy for Weakness of the Sight, and Diseases of the Eyes, whereunto they are much subject. It cor∣rects Adust Humours, cools an hot Liver, and softens an hard Spleen. It keeps People wakeful, especially

those that are not used to drink it. It renders the Body brisk, chears the Heart, drives away Fear, and takes off the Gripes, and suppresses Wind. It strengthens the Bowels, quickens the Memory, and sharpens the Wit. It pre∣vents the Stone: And a Person that travell'd in Ja∣pan, and made it his Busi∣ness to enquire about the Stone there, could not find one Person that had the least Symptom of it, either in the Bladder or Kidnies. And it is, moreover, a Pro∣vocative to Venery; it strengthens the Stomach, and is very good for Gouty People.

Christ-thorn, in Latin Palivrus.

The Root and Leaves are Astringent, they stop the Flux of the Belly, and digest and cure a Phy∣ma. The Fruit is so inci∣ding, that it is said to lessen the Stone of the Bladder, and to remove Excretions of the Breast and Lungs. The Seeds bruised, are commended for a Cough: and the Mont peliar-Physi∣cians use them for Gravel; and the Stone. Some re∣port, that these were the Thorns our Blessed Saviour was crown'd with, in Con∣tempt, by the Unbelieving Jews, just before his Cruci∣fiction.

Mastick-Thyme, in La∣tin Marum.

It grows in many Places in Spain. By reason of its curious Smell, it is kept in Gardens in England, France and Ger∣many. One Dram of the Bark of it is a present Re∣medy for desperate Ob∣structions of the Courses, being taken in Rough Wine every Morning.

Turbith.

It purgeth Flegm, and clammy Hu∣mours, that fall on the Joints. 'Tis good in the Dropsie, for it purges Watery Humours. 'Tis brought to us from Guza∣ratta.

Turmerick, in Latin Curcuma.

The Dutch boyl it with Fish, for it gives it a good Taste, and colours it yellow. 'Tis besides, an excellent Remedy for Ob∣structions of the Bowels,

viz. of the Lungs, Liver and Spleen; and also of the Mesaraick Veins, and for Nephritick Pains. 'Tis also very good for the Stone in the Kidnies and Bladder. It also opens Women's Obstructions, and hastens Delivery: But it is peculiarly good for curing of the Jaundice. In short, This Root is reckon'd the best of all Medicines for opening Obstructions. The People of China use it in Sneezing-powders, like the Roots of White Hellebore. And they make an Oint∣ment with this Root, and the Powder of Sanders, and some sweet Flowers, wherewith the Men and Women anoint their Bo∣dies all over: And tho' this may seem very odd to those that are unaccustom'd to it, by reason of the yel∣low Colour, yet it secures them very well from the Heat of the Sun, and Fe∣verish Heats, and from the vexatious Biting of Flies and Gnats. Take of the Roots of Turmerick and Madder, each one Ounce; of the Greater Celandine-Root and Herb, of the Tops of the Lesser Cento∣ry, each one Handful; boyl them in equal Parts of Rhenish-wine and Foun∣tain-water, to a Quart; in the strain'd Liquor dissolve two Ounces of the Syrup of the five Opening Roots; give half a Pint, Morning and Evening, hot, till the Patient recovers of the Jaundice; but Vomiting or Purging must be first used.

V.

VIne, in Latin Vitis.

It does not deserve the Name of a Tree, be∣cause it cannot stand by it self. There is as great Va∣riety of them, as of Pears and Apples. Currents that are called Corinthian, do not grow now about Co∣rinth; for the Inhabitants are not encourag'd to plant, or to take care of them, there being now no Sale for them; the Turks having shut up the Passage, and not suffering any great Ships to go thither, they come now from Zant, and

many other Places. The Raisins of the Sun are very large Grapes, and in form like a Spanish Olive. They dry them after this manner: They cut cross-ways, to the Middle, the Branches they design for this use, and so they inter∣cept a good part of the Nutritious Juice that should come to the Grapes; they let the Branches hang half cut upon the Vine, till they are dried by degrees, part∣ly by the Heat of the Sun, and partly for want of Nourishment. Vines grow best in an hot Country; and the hotter the Country is, if it be not too hot, the sooner the Grapes are ripe. There are great quantities of excellent Wine in Spain, Italy, Sicily, and some Parts of France. They usually climb up on Trees; as, upon the Elm, and the Poplar. In Lombardy they plant them in the Corn-Fields, so near Trees, that they may climb up on them; and so they have Corn, Wine and Wood in the same Fields. The Leaves and Tendrels of the Vine bruis'd, and ap∣plied, ease the Pain of the Head, and take off Inflam∣mations, and Heat off the Stomach. The Tear of the Vine, which is like a Gum, (but it does not grow on our Vines) taken in Wine, is good for the Stone. The Ashes of the Tendrels mix'd with Vine∣gar, cure a Condyloma, and is good for the Biting of Vipers, and Inflammations of the Spleen. 'Tis to lit∣tle purpose to mention the Virtues of Wine, for there is scarce any one that is ignorant of them. The Wine called Setinum was most esteem'd by the An∣cients. The Wines that are most esteem'd amongst us are, the Claret-Wine, Burgundy-Wine, common White-Wine, Frontiniack, Hermitage, and Cham∣paign: These come from France. The following from Spain: Canary-Sack, Malaga-Sack, Sherry-Sack, Alicant-Wine, and Port-o-Port. From the Island of Crete is brought Red Mus∣cadine. From Germany, Rhenish Wine. Wine is wholsomer than Beer, Mead, or Cyder; and, in∣deed,

than any other Li∣quor. Now-a-days Rough Wines, tho' they are not so pleasing to the Palate, are counted better for the Stomach, and to help Concoction; as, Claret, and Florentine-Wine. Bac∣cius wrote an excellent Book in the Year 1596. of the several sorts of Wines; it was printed at Rome, and is, indeed, worth perusing, wherein is con∣tain'd all that has been wrote of the Grape by An∣cient and Modern Writers, together with Observations of his own, about Greek, Italian, Spanish, French and Rhenish-Wines, with the Ways of making them; their Diseases and Reme∣dies. Omphaciun is the unripe Juice of the Grape strain'd, and kept in a Vessel close stop'd: It cools and dries. It is not only used in Physick, but also with Food, in Sauces. It takes off Nauseousness, ex∣cites Appetite, stops the Flux of the Belly, and mi∣tigates the Heat of the Stomach and Bowels, be∣ing taken inwardly. And outwardly applied, it clears the Sight, as also does Wild Apples, and cleanses them from Filth. 'Tis better for all hot Diseases than Vinegar. Sapa is New Wine, boyl'd to the Consumption of a third part. Defrutum is New Wine, boyl'd to the Con∣sumption of half. Distil∣lation of Wine into Bran∣dy is made in the follow∣ing manner: Fill with Wine half a large Copper Body, cover it with its Moor's-head border'd with its Refrigeratory, and fit to it a Receiver; lute well the Junctures with a wet Bladder, and distil with a gentle Fire about a quar∣ter of the Liquor, or else until the Liquor which di∣stils does not burn when the Fire is put to it; that which is in the Receiver is called Brandy. Brandy may be drawn from all sorts of Wines; but more of it may be drawn in some Countries, than in o∣thers. For Example, The Wines that are made about Orleans and Paris do yield more Brandy than many others which seem to be stronger; and the Reason is,

because those Wines that appear stronger are load∣ed with a great deal of Tartar, which fixes their Spirits; whereas the other, containing but a conve∣nient Portion of this Tar∣tar, do leave their Spirits at greater liberty. When Wine has been drunk, there is made a Separation of Spirits in the Body, much resembling that which is made by Distilla∣tion; for the Heat of the Bowels warming it, causes the Spirituous Parts to spread on all Sides, through the Pores, and some part of them to mix with the Blood, and rarefie it; from whence it comes to rejoyce the Heart, and in∣crease the Vigour of the whole Body; but because these Spirits do always tend upwards, the greatest part flies into the Brain, where it quickens its Motion, and produces a certain Gaiety of Mind: But now, tho' Wine, moderately taken, is so profitable for the Fun∣ctions of the Body, yet it causes many Mischiefs when it is used to Excess; for the Spirits rising in great Abundance, do cir∣culate in the Brain with so much Celerity▪ that they soon confound the whole Oeconomy: And, indeed, every one knows, that a Continuations of Debauches does at last render a Man dull and stupid; that A∣poplexies, Palsies, Gout, Dropsie, and a long Train of many other Diseases, are the usual Consequen∣ces of Intemperance. Spi∣rit of Wine is made in the following manner: Fill a large Bolt-head, with a long Neck, half full with Brandy, and fitting an Head and Receiver, lute close the Junctures; set your Bold-head upon a Pot, fill'd half with Water, to distil in a Vaporous Bath, the Spirit, which separates from the Flegm, and rises pure; continue this De∣gree af Fire, until nothing more distils: Thus you will have a Deflegmated Spirit of Wine at the first Distillation. It serves for a Menstruum to a great many Things in Chymistry. Half a Spoonful of it is given to Apoplectical and Lethargical Persons, to

make them come to them∣selves: Likewise their Wrists▪ Breast and Face are rub'd with it. 'Tis a good Remedy for Burns, if applied so soon as they happen. And it is good for Cold Pains, for the Palsie, Contusions, and o∣ther Maladies, wherein it is requisite to discuss and open the Pores. Spirit of Wine Tartariz'd in made in the following manner: Put a Pound of Salt of Tartar into a long Glass-Body, pour upon it four Pints of Spirit of Wine prepar'd as above; place your Vessel in Sand, and cover it with an Head, to which fit a Receiver; lute well the Junctures with a ••et Bladder, and give it a gradual Fire, which conti∣nue until three parts of the Spirit of Wine are risen; then remove the Fire, and keep this Spirit in a Viol well stop'd: It has the same Virtues as the other, but is more subtile. The Liquor that remains in the Body may be evaporated, and a Salt of Tartar got, as good as before. The Queen of Hungary's Water is made in the following manner: Fill a Glass or Earthen Cucurbite half full with Rosemary-flowers, gather'd when they are at best, pour upon them a sufficient quantity of Spi∣rit of Wine to infuse them; set the Cucurbite in a Bath, and joyning its Head and Receiver, lute close the Junctures, and give it a digesting Fire for three Days; after which, un∣lute them, and pour into the Cucurbite that which may have been distill'd; re-fit your Limbeck, and increase the Fire so as to make the Liquor to distil Drop by Drop; when you have drawn about two Thirds of it, put out the Fire, let the Vessels cool, and unlute them, and put the Water so distill'd into a Vial well stop'd. 'Tis good in a Palsie, Lethargy, Apoplexy, and for Hyste∣rical Diseases. The Dose is, from one Dram to two. 'Tis likewise used out∣wardly, for Burns, Tu∣mours, Cold Pains, Con∣tusions, Palsie, and in all other Cases wherein it is requisite to revive the Spi∣rits.

Ladies use to mix half an Ounce of it with six Ounces of Lilly-water, or Bean-flower-water, and wash their Faces with it. Wine, like all other Li∣quors that use to ferment, grows sowr by the Disso∣lution of its Tartar in a second Fermentation. This Dissolution is commonly made when, upon the Wine's going to decay, some of the more subtile Spirits are lost; for the Tartar taking their Place, fixes the rest of the Spirits which remain in the Wine, so that they can act no longe. Vinegar is made by setting Wine in some hot place, or by keeping it too long, or by exposing it to the Sun. Vinegar is frequently used in Physick, and Food. Pickle and Sauces are made of it. It excites Appetite, and pro∣motes Concoction. 'Tis used in Physick to allay Feverish Heats, and to prevent Putrifaction; to cut Flegm, and Glutinous Humours, that they may be render'd thereby fitter to be expectorated. Out∣wardly used, it cures the Itch, an Herpes, and the like; but it is injurious to the Nerves, and Nervous Parts: It also makes the Body lean. There is a memorable Story of a Ge∣neral in the Belgick Wars, who, about the Middle of his Age, grew so very fat, that he was forc'd to have Bandage for his Belly; and finding himself grow more and more unwieldy every Day, and unfit for his Business, he left off drinking Wine, and drank Vinegar the rest of his Days; by which Means his Belly asswaged, and he was lessen'd in weight Eighty seven Pounds. Chri∣stopher A Vega says, he saw three People that were hang'd, or suffocated so much, that Froth came out of their Mouths, restor'd to Life by Vinegar, and the Powder of Pepper, and Penny-royal. For Crusty, Stinking Ulcers of the Head, which Children are commonly troubled withal, and sometimes grown Peo∣ple, Take of Ginger three Ounces, boyl it in sharp Vinegar and Butter, of each half a Pound, till the

Vinegar is consum'd; then beat it into an Ointment, with Butter, and anoint the Sores with it Morning and Evening, and it will cure them in four or five Days. In the London-Dis∣pensatory are the following Sorts of Vinegar: Rose∣mary-Vinegar, Clove-Vi∣negar, Rose-Vinegar, El∣der-flower-Vinegar, Vine∣gar of Squils, and Treacle-Vinegar. The Vapour of Vinegar is very proper in the Plague. Vinegar is di∣still'd in the following manner: Put six Quarts of strong Vinegar into an Earthen Pan, evaporate in a Bath about a Quart, and pour that which re∣mains into a Glass or Earthen Cucurbite, and distil it in a strong Sand-heat, until there remain at bottom nothing but a Sub∣stance like Hony; keep this Vinegar well stop'd: Many call it Spirit of Vi∣negar. Its principal Use is, to dissolve or precipi∣tate Bodies. 'Tis some∣times mix'd in Cordial-Potions, to resist Putrifa∣ction: The Dose is half a Spoonful; 'tis mix'd with Water. And this Oxyo∣rate is used to stop Hemor∣rhagies, taken inwardly; and to asswage Inflamma∣tions, applied outwardly. Tartar is that which is found sticking to Casks of Wine, like a very hard Stone, sometimes white, sometimes red, according to the Colour of the Wine it comes from. White Tartar is to be preferr'd before Red, because it is purer, and contains less Earth. Both one and the other are had in great Abundance in Languedoc and Provence; but the best White Tartar of all is brought out of Germany. Crystals of Tartar are made in the following manner: Boyl in a great deal of Water what quantity of White Tartar you please, until it be all dissolv'd; pass the Liquor hot through Hippocrates's Sleeve, into an Earthen Vessel, and e∣vaporate about half of it; set the Vessel in a cool place two or three Days, and you will find little Crystals on the Sides, which you are to separate; evaporate again half the

Liquor that remains, and remit the Vessel to the Cellar, as before; there will shoot out new Cry∣stals: Continue doing thus, until you have got all the Tartar: Dry the Crystals in the Sun, and keep them for use. The Crystal of Tartar is Purgative, and Aperitive: 'Tis good for Hydropical and Asthmati∣cal Persons, and for Ter∣tian and Quartan-Agues. The Dose is, from half a Dram to three Drams, in Broth, or some other pro∣per Liquor. Salt of Tar∣tar is made in the follow∣ing manner: Take four Pounds of good White-wine-Tartar, beat it fine, make it up in Half-pounds, in several Sheets of Brown Paper, dip them in Water, place them in the midst of a Charcoal-Fire, cover them over therewith, let the Fire burn out, you will find at the Bottom Tartar calcin'd in black Lumps; take the Tartar thus calcin'd, beat it gros∣ly, put it into a Pipkin, or Iron Pot, full of Water, set it over the Fire, and let the Water boyl till half is consum'd; then take it off, and let it settle; de∣cant it as clear as you can, pour on a little more Wa∣ter upon the Faeces, and let it boyl, then decant it as before; taste the Wa∣ter, whether it be salt, and proceed as before: Do so as long as you find the Water tastes salt; after∣wards filter all the Liquor pour'd off, through Paper, and boyl it up to a Salt. Tartar Vitriolated is made in the following manner: Put into a Glass-Body what quantity you please of Oyl of Tartar made per Deli∣quium, which is nothing but the exposing Salt of Tartar for some Days in a Cellar, in a wide Glass-Vessel, till it turns to a Liquor: Pour upon this Dissolution of Tartar, by little and little, Rectified Spirit of Vitriol; there will be a great Efferves∣cency: Continue to drop more in, till there is no farther Ebullition; then place your Cucurbite in Sand, and evaporate the Spirit with a little Fire, there will remain a very white Salt, keep it in a

Vial well stop'd. 'Tis a good Aperitive; and is al∣so a little purgative. 'Tis given in Hypochondriacal Cases, in Quartan-Agues, King's-Evil, and in all other Diseases, wherein it is necessary to open Ob∣structions, and to force U∣rine. The Dose is, from ten to thirty Grains, in some proper Liquor.

W.

WInteran-bark, in Latin Cortex Win∣teranus.

It turns up in Pipes, like Cinnamon, but is larger, and thicker; of a light yellow Colour, and of a very hot, biting Taste. It comes from Nevis, An∣tego, Montferrat, and o∣ther Places. 'Tis Cepha∣lick, and Stomachick; but the chief Use of it is for the Scurvy. Take of the Conserve of Scurvy-grass, Roman-Wormwood, and Fumatory, each two Oun∣ces; of the Powder of the Winteran-Bark, and of the Roots of Angelica and Wake Robin, each two Drams; of the Species of the three Sanders one Dram and an half, of the Powder of Crab's-eyes one Dram, of Salt of Wormwood two Drams; with a sufficient quantity of the Syrup of the Bark of Citron make an Electuary. This is good for the Scurvy.

Indian Woad, or Indi∣co, in Latin Glastum Indi∣cum.

The Root is given in Decoction, for the Stone, and against Poy∣sons. 'Tis supposed that Indico is proper for the Jaundice.

Z.

ZEdoary, in Latin Ze∣doaria.

'Tis an hot and dry Root; it discusses Wind, is good for the Bi∣ting of Venomous Crea∣tures. It stops a Loosness, suppresses Vomiting, and is good in a Windy Cho∣lick. 'Tis used now-a-days by Physicians, against the Contagion of a Pesti∣lential Air, and for Hyste∣rick Fits. Take of the

Roots of Zedoary, of the Seeds of Daucus, of the Roots of Lovage, each two Ounces; of Red Myrrh and Castor, each half an Ounce; of the Roots of Peony four Oun∣ces, of Misleto of the Oak, gather'd when the Moon is past the Full, three Oun∣ces; pour upon them two Quarts of Feverfew-water, and half a Pint of Spirit of Wine; digest them three Days, and afterwards di∣stil them: The Dose is one Spoonful, either by it self, or with some proper Wa∣ter. This is used for Hy∣sterick Fits.