The compleat herbal of physical plants containing all such English and foreign herbs, shrubs and trees as are used in physick and surgery ... : the doses or quantities of such as are prescribed by the London-physicians and others are proportioned : also directions for making compound-waters, syrups simple and compound, electuaries ... : moreover the gums, balsams, oyls, juices, and the like, which are sold by apothecaries and druggists are added to this herbal, and their irtues and uses are fully described / by John Pechey ...

THE English Herbal OF PHYSICAL PLANTS.

A

ABele-tree.

See Pop∣lar.

Adders-tongue, in Latin Ophioglosum.

The Root has many thick Fi∣bres, bound together; e∣specially if it grows in good Ground. It tastes at first sweet, but leaves an Acrimony and Bitterness on the Palate. It has a tender Stalk, about an Hand high, which sustains one Leaf, that is Oyly, and without Nerves; sometimes narrow and somewhat long, some∣times broad somewhat round and erect; of a sweetish and clammy taste. A two-fork'd Tongue rises from the Leaf where 'tis joyn'd to the Stalk, which grows sharp by degrees, and is a little indented. 'Tis common in Meadows, and moist Pastures. It springs in April, and fades in July.

'Tis an excellent Wound-Herb, either taken inward∣ly, or outwardly applied. For Ruptures, or Bursten Bellies, Take as much of the Powder of the dry'd Leaves as will lye on a Six-pence, or less, according to the Age of the Party, in two Ounces of Horse-tail, or Oak-bud-water, sweet∣ned with Syrup of Quinces.

Use it every Morning for the space of fifteen Days. But before you enter upon the Use of this, or any other Medicine, the Gut, if it fall into the Cod, must be re∣duc'd by a Chirurgeon, and a Truss must be worn to keep it up, and the Party must avoid all violent Mo∣tions, and lie as much as may be in Bed, or on a Couch. Fabritius Hildanus says, That some have been cured of great Ruptures by lying in Bed, when they could be cured no other way.

The Oyl of it, made in the following manner, is full as good for Wounds and Ulcers as that of St. John's-wort: Take one handful of the Leaves, pound them in a Stone-Mortar, and boil them in a Pint of Oyl of Olives 'till they are dry; strain it, and keep it for use.

Common Agrimony, in Latin Agrimonia.

Most commonly it has but one Stalk, two or three Foot high, and sometimes much higher. 'Tis round, hairy, full of Pith, surrounded with Leaves plac'd at a distance alternately, above an Hand in length. The Leaves consist, for the most part, of four little Leaves, wing'd on both sides, and much indented all about; they have Veins, and are hairy, but the Down is not very conspicuous; they taste a little acrid, and are somewhat styptick. The Flowers smell sweet; they grow alternately to the Shaft, in a long Series; and upon the Top-branch∣es, like an Ear of Corn. They are of a Saffron-co∣lour, and are compos'd of five Leaves; at the Basis of every Leaf there are two Ears that embrace the Stalk. The Root is black∣ish, thick, and of an astrin∣gent Taste.

It cleanses and strength∣ens the Blood, and opens Obstructions of the Li∣ver; wherefore 'tis good in Dropsies, for an ill Habit of Body, and the Jaundice. Let those that are afflicted with these Diseases use for their ordinary Drink, Ale or Beer wherein the Leaves

of Agrimony have been in∣fus'd. For instance; Put eight handfuls of the Leaves into a Vessel containing four Gallons, drink of it when it is clear. 'Tis used outwardly in Baths and Lotions.

The Powder of the dried Leaves is much commend∣ed by Riverius to prevent involuntary Urine. Take of the Powder half a Dram, of Conserve of Roses a suf∣ficient quantity; make a Bolus to be taken at Bed-time, for the space of three Weeks.

Alder-tree, in Latin Al∣nus.

'Tis large, and spreads much if it like the place it grows in: The Bark is brown, and the Wood red∣der than Elm or Yew; the Branches are very easily broken; the Bark of the Branches is of a brownish Colour and spotted, and yellowish within, and tastes bitter and unpleasant: The Wood is white, and full of Pith: The Leaves are broad, round, and nervous, and somewhat like the Leaves of the Hasel-tree; they are indented, green, shining, and clammy. It bears short, brown Aglets, like the Beech or Birch-tree. It grows near Wa∣ter.

The green Leaves of this Tree applied to Tumours, discusses them, and takes off Inflammations. Being put into Travellers Shooes, they ease Pain, and remove Weariness. A black Co∣lour, like Ink, is made with the Bark of Alder, rubb'd off with a rusty Iron, and infus'd in Water for some Days. Some use it to dye.

Black Alder, in Latin Alnus nigra baccifera.

'Tis a small Tree, which sends forth many streight Twigs from the Roots, about three Yards high, of the thick∣ness of the Thumb, di∣vided into tender Branch∣es. The outward Bark is brown, but sprinkled with Sky-colour'd Spots; which being taken off, another appears of a Saffron-colour. The Substance of the Wood is clear, and easily bro∣ken; nigh the middle 'tis

brownish, and has a great deal of Pith. The Leaves are somewhat round, and end in an obtuse Point, and are of a shining dark-green Colour. The Flowers are small and palish. The Ber∣ries are first green, then red, and at last black, and of an unpleasant Taste. 'Tis often found in moist, woody Places.

The yellow and middle Bark, beaten with Vinegar, cures the Itch in a few Days.

The inward Bark, espe∣cially of the Root, purges Watery Humours; for which Reason 'tis good in a Dropsie: But it ought to be dried in the Shade, be∣cause when it is green it occasions Vomiting: And the Decoction of it ought to stand two or three Days before 'tis used.

Alexanders, in Latin Hippocelinum.

It has a thick Root that is white within; it smells sweet, and tastes acrid, and some∣what bitter. The Stalk is above a Yard high, full, branchy, channell'd, and somewhat red. The Leaves are larger than the Leaves of Marsh-Smallage, and the Pieces rounder: They are of a deep Green; they taste sweetish, and like Garden-Smallage. It has Tufts or Umbels of white Flowers. The Seed is thick, black, and channell'd.

'Tis frequently used in Broths in the Spring-time, to cleanse the Blood, and strengthen the Stomach. The Root pickled is a good Sauce. Half a Dram of the Seeds powder'd, and taken in White-wine, pro∣vokes Urine.

Angelica, in Latin An∣gelica.

The Herb it self, but especially the Root and Seed, are hot and dry. It opens and attenuates, and is Sudorifick and Vulnera∣ry. It moves the Courses, hastens Delivery, is good for Mother-fits, and in ma∣lignant Diseases, and for the Plague; and it expels Poison. The Root of it is allow'd by all Physicians to be very cordial and Alexi∣pharmick.

For Preservation against the Plague, the Root, in∣fus'd in Vinegar, is to be held frequently to the Nose, or chew'd in the Mouth: For the Cure, Take one Dram of the Powder of the Root alone, or half a Dram mix'd with a Dram of Ve∣nice-Treacle, every sixth Hour, to provoke Sweat.

The Root or the Stalks candied, are reckon'd very good, being eaten in a Morning, to prevent Infe∣ction. They are also use∣ful in cold Diseases of the Lungs, and take off a stinking Breath.

Lozenges to be held in the Mouth in the Plague-time.

Take of the Extract of the Roots of Angelica and Contra-yerva, each one Ounce; of Extract of Li∣quorish three Drams; of Flowers of Sulphure, sub∣lim'd with Mirrh, five Drams; of Oyl of Cinna∣mon eight Drops; of fine Sugar twice the weight of all the Ingredients; with the Mucilage of Gum-Tra∣gacanth, made in Scordium. water, make Lozenges See Dr. Hodges, for the Pre∣vention of the Plague, in his Book of the London-Pestilence, p. 231.

Apple-tree, in Latin Malus.

The English Apples being accounted the best in Europe, I will mention par∣ticularly those that are most esteem'd amongst us.

First, Those that are soon ripe, and soon decay.

The Gineting, the Marga∣ret or Magdalene, the King-Apple, the Aromatick or Golden-Russeting, the Flax-Apple, the Spice-Apple, the Summer-Queening, the Go∣no-farther or Cat's-head, the Good-Housewife or Bontradue, the Giant-Apple, the Pome-water, the Summer-Pearmain, the Kirton-Pippin or Holland-Pippin, 'tis called Broad-eye in Sussex; the Orange-Ap∣ple, the Summer-Belleboon, the Paradise-Apple, the Famagu∣sta, the Codling, the Costard-Apple, the Sops-in-Wine.

Secondly, Winter-Ap∣ples, and such as last long.

The Winter-Queening, the Quince-Apple, the Winter-Pearmain, the Nonesuch, the the Pealing, the Leather-Coat, the Winter-John, the Pome-Roy, the Lording, the Julyflower-Apple, the Pear-Apple, the Greening, Lones-Pearmain, the Green-Russet∣ing, the Red-Russeting, the Winter-Fillet or Violet, the Winter-Belle or Bonne, the Oaken-Pin, the John-Apple or Deux Ans, the Westbury, the Winter-Reed, the Flower of Kent, the Winter-Ches∣nut, the Maligar-Apple, the Short-Tart, the Pelmell, the Thrift, the Winter-Clary, the Fig-Apple.

Thirdly, The Apples that are best for making Cyder.

The Redstreak, the Broms∣berry-Crab, the Golden-Pip∣pin, the Gennet-moil, the Westbury-Apple, the White and Red Mast-Apples, the John-Apple, the Ʋnder-Leaf the Winter-Fillet, Elliots, Stocken-Apple, Bitter-Scale, Claret-Wine-Apple, Arrier-Apple, Richards or Grange-Apple, Coling-Apple, Olive-Apple, Fox-Whelp, Pippins and Pearmains mix'd, the Gilliflower.

The Vertues of Apples are various, according to the different Tastes of them. Those that are sowre and harsh are astringent, and therefore are good in Flux∣es of the Belly: And when they are roasted they are proper Food for those that have Fevers. Sweet Ap∣ples are somewhat hot, and loosening. Such as are a little acid, are agreeable to the Stomach, and chear the Heart. Rotten Apples take off Inflammations and Swel∣lings of the Eyes. The Core of an Apple cut out, and a Dram of Frankin∣cense put in, and roasted with the Apple, and eaten, opens Obstructions of the Lungs, and is good for Difficulty of Breathing. The same applied out∣wardly to the Side, eases the Pain of it. 'Tis best to

eat Apples two or three Hours after Meals.

The Altering Syrup of Apples.

Take of the Juice of fra∣grant Pippins two Quarts, of the Leaves of Garden and Wild-Bugloss, of the Flowers of Violets, each one Pound; boyl them in B. M. and clarifie them; add seven Pounds of fine Sugar, and a Pint of Rose-water; boyl them to a Sy∣rup. One Ounce of this Syrup, taken Morning and Evening, is good for me∣lancholy People.

The Purging Syrup of Apples.

Take of the Juice and Water of fragrant Pippins, each one Pint and an half; of the Juice and Water of Borage and Bugloss, each nine Ounces; of the Leaves of Oriental Sena half a Pound; of Anise and Fen∣nel-seeds, each three Drams; of Dodder of Crete two Ounces; of White Aga∣rick, and the best Rubarb▪ each half an Ounce; of Ginger and Mace, each four Scruples; of Cinna∣mon two Scruples; of Saf∣fron half a Dram: Infuse the Rubarb with the Cin∣namon a-part, in White-Wine and Juice of Apples, each two Ounces: Infuse the rest of the Ingredients, except the Saffron, in the Waters above-mentioned; the next Day pour on the Juices, and put them on a gentle Fire; take off the Scum, and strain it; then add four Pounds of White Sugar, and boyl it to a Sy∣rup, the Infusion of Ru∣barb being put to it, and the Saffron being tied up in a Rag, and dipp'd often in it, and squeez'd out. This Syrup is a very pro∣per Purge for melan∣choly People, but will scarce purge enough by it self; wherefore take two Ounces of it in three Ounces of the Decoction of Dodder; which see a∣mong the Vertues of Dod∣der. The Confection of Alkermes is made with Juice of Apples, and the Ointment called Pomatum.

Cyder is good for the Scurvy.

Apricock-tree, in La∣tin Malus Armeniaca.

The English Apricocks are better than the French or Italian, and more wholsome than the Peach. The Oyl of the Kernels is excellent for In∣flammations, and Swellings of the Hemorrhoids; and for Pains of the Ears. The Kernels eaten, cure the Heart-burning.

White Arch-Angel, in Latin Laminum album.

It has many fibrous Roots, it creeps awry in the Earth like Mint; the Stalks are a Foot or two Foot high, four-square, and pretty large; but they are smal∣ler near the Earth, and weak, so that they can scarce stand alone: They are empty, pretty hairy and branchy, and have a few Joints, and near the Earth seem of a Purple Colour when the Sun shines on them. The Leaves are plac'd by Pairs, opposite to one another, like Nettles; those on the Bottom-stalks are plac'd on long Foot-stalks, those on the Top-stalks on short Foot-stalks, and have a short soft Down. The Flowers encompass the Stalks at the Joints; they are white, large, and hood∣ed, without rather pale than white. It flowers at the Latter End of April, or the Beginning of May.

One handful of the Herb, beaten up with Hog's Lard, and applied to King's-Evil-Swellings in the Neck or Throat, discusses them. A Conserve of the Flowers is much commended in the Whites: But the Cure of them by the following Me∣thod is much safer and surer.

Bleed once, and purge thrice with two Scruples of Pill Coch. Major. Then take of Venice-Treacle one Ounce and an half, of the Conserve of the yellow Pill of Oranges one Ounce, of Diascordium half an Ounce, of Candied Ginger and Nutmegs, each three Drams; of the Compound Powder of Crabs-eyes one Dram and an half; of the outward Bark of the Pome∣granate,

of the Root of Spanish Angelica, of Red Coral prepar'd, of the Tro∣chisc, de Terra Lemnia, each one Dram; of Bole-Arme∣nick two Scruples, of Gum-Arabick half a Dram, with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of dried Roses: Make an Electuary. Take the quantity of a large Nutmeg in the Morning, at Five in the Afternoon, and at Bed-time; drinking upon it six Spoonfuls of the following Infusion.

Take of the Roots Ele∣campane, Master-Wort, An∣gelica and Gentian, each half an Ounce; of the Leaves of Roman-Worm∣wood, of White Arch-An∣gel, and the lesser Centory, and Calamint, each one handful; of Juniper-ber∣ries one Ounce: Cut them small, and infuse them in five Pints of Canary: Let them stand in Infusion, and strain it only as you use it.

Stinking Arrach, or Or∣rach, in Latin Atriplex O∣lida.

'Tis easily known by its stinking Smell, which is exactly like Old Ling. It grows in Places where there is Rubbish, but it is not common. A Conserve of the Leaves, or Syrup made of the Juice, is good for Mother-fits, and Wo∣men's Obstructions, the quantity of a Nutmeg of the Conserve being taken Morning and Evening, or two Spoonfuls of the Syrup at the same Times. But the following Plaster must be applied to the Woman's Navel.

Take of Galbanum, dis∣solv'd in Tincture of Castor, and strain'd, three Drams; of Tacamahaca two Drams: Mingle them, and make a Plaster, and spread it on Leather, having an Hole cut in the middle.

The Woman must be also purg'd three or four times with the Pill Coch. Major, viz. Take of the Pill Coch. Major two Scruples, of Ca∣stor powder'd two Grains, of the Peruvian Balsam four Drops: Make four Pills, to be taken at Five in the Morning, and let her sleep after them.

After purging as above directed, let the Woman take of the Conserve or Sy∣rup, as before mentioned, thirty Days, drinking pre∣sently after a Draught of Wormwood-Beer or Wine. Or, if she do not like the Conserve or Syrup, let her take the following Pills for the space of a Month. Take of the Filings of Steel eight Grains, of Ex∣tract of Wormwood a suf∣ficient quantity: Make two Pills; let her take them in the Morning, and repeat them in the Evening; and so Morning and Evening, drinking a small Draught of Wormwood-Beer pre∣sently after.

Common Arsmart, in Latin Persicaria.

It has a single, small, woody, white Root, with many Fibres. It has many Stalks, a Foot or two Foot high, solid, round and smooth, branchy and jointed: When the Sun shines on them they are of a reddish Colour, otherwise of a yellow Green. The Leaves embrace the Stalks at the Joints, and are plac'd on short Foot-stalks: They are of a pale Green, not spotted, smooth: They are like Peach-leaves. The Flowers grow upon the up∣per Stalks and Branches, in spiky Heads, and are very small. Some of them are useless, no Seed succeeding them; these consist of four Leaves. Others are always shut, and contain a pretty large, three-square, shining Seed that is black when 'tis ripe; and these are red without. This Plant has an acrid and biting Taste: It grows in watry Places, and Ditches.

'Tis plainly hot and dry: 'Tis chiefly used outwardly in Wounds, hard Swellings, and old Sores.

The Water of Arsmart is of great use in the Stone of the Kidnies or Bladder, a Draught of it being taken every Morning for two or three Months together. A Country-Gentleman us'd a Load of this Herb in a Year to make the Water, wherewith he cured many of the Stone. The Root or Seed put into an aching hollow Tooth, takes off

the Pain. There is scarce any thing more effectual to drive away Flies: For, whatever Wounds or Ul∣cers Cattel have, if they are anointed with the Juice of Arsmart, the Flies will not come near, tho it is the Heat of Summer.

Artichoke, in Latin Ci∣nara.

The Germans and French eat the tender Stalks boyl'd, with Vinegar and Butter: And the Italians seldom boyl the Heads, but eat them raw, with Salt, Oyl and Pepper. They are said to provoke Vene∣ry, to restore Nature, and strengthen the Stomach. A Decoction of the Buds pro∣vokes Urine.

Asarabacca, in Latin Asarum.

It has many Heads shooting from the Roots, whereon are many smooth Leaves, every one upon a Foot-stalk by it self: They are rounder and big∣ger than the Leaves of Vio∣lets, and thicker; and of a darker green shining Co∣lour on the upper side, and of a paler Green under∣neath. Among the Leaves near the Earth are six-angled purplish Husks, that are hairy, and plac'd on short Foot-stalks; these con∣tain the Seeds, that are like the Stones of Grapes. They have within a white Mar∣row, that tastes somewhat acrid.

It purges violently, up∣wards and downwards, Flegm and Choler. 'Tis Diuretick also, and forces the Courses: Wherefore Wenches use the Decoction of it too frequently, when they think they are with Child. 'Tis good in the Dropsie and Jaundice.

Take of the Leaves of Asarabacca six, seven, eight, or nine; bruise them, and pour upon them three Oun∣ces of White-wine; strain it. Take it in the Morn∣ing, or at Four in the Afternoon: Drink large Draughts of Posset-drink after every time it vomits. Or,

Take of the Pow∣der of the Root one Dram, or four Scru∣ples; Oxymel of Squils one

Ounce and an half; mingle them, and take it in a draught of Posset-drink. Use Posset-drink in the Work∣ing of it, as above-directed.

The Ash-tree, in Latin Fraxinus.

The Seed of the Ash powder'd, and taken in Wine, forces Urine. The Juice of three or four Leaves taken every Morn∣ing, makes those lean that are fat. The Bark and the Wood dry and attenuate, and are supposed to soften the hardness of the Spleen by a Specifick Quality. The Juice of the Leaves and tender Twigs, taken in the Morning daily, in a small quantity, is said to do good in Dropsies. One Dram of the Seeds pow∣der'd, and taken in Wine, is also beneficial in the Dropsie. The Salt of it provokes Sweat and Urine.

Avens, in Latin Cario∣phillata.

The Root grows oblique, sending down some∣times thick Fibres into the Earth. 'Tis of an Aromatick taste and Smell, like July-flowers. Several Stalks rise from the same Root, two Foot high, or higher, round, hairy, small, and full of Pith, garnish'd with Leaves plac'd alternately; they are branchy at the top. The Leaves that come from the Root are hairy and winged, small Wings being here and there joyn∣ed to the Middle-rib. The Extremity of the Leaf is cut in deep. The Leaves that are on the Stalks con∣sist of two Wings that are pretty large, which adhere to the Stalk at the Basis of the Foot-stalk, as if they were Ears; and they have three Jags at the End, al∣most like a Bramble. The Flower does not come from the Bosom of the Leaf, but grows opposite to it, and has long Foot-stalks, and five yellow Leaves, like Tormentil. The Cup is composed of ten Leaves; five large, five small. Ma∣ny yellow Threads stand round the Head, which grows into a roundish Bur, compos'd of a great many Seeds, placed thick toge∣ther; each of them has a Tail that turns back at the End, whereby they stick to Clothes. It grows in

Hedges and Bushes, and flowers in May or June.

'Tis somewhat astrin∣gent; it strengthens, and discusses; 'tis Cephalick and Cordial, and resists Poisons. 'Tis chiefly used inwardly to cure Catarrhs, and for quickening the Blood when it is coagu∣lated. Wine wherein the Root has been infus'd has a fine pleasant Taste and Smell: It chears the Heart, and opens Obstructions. The Root infus'd in Beer is excellent for strengthen∣ing the Joints and Bowels. Two Ounces of the Root, or an Handful of the Herb, boyl'd in a Quart of Water or Posset-drink, to the Con∣sumption of a fourth Part, has been us'd successfully in curing Agues, especially Tertians, being taken two Hours before the Fit, or in the Fit.

B.

BArbery-tree, in Latin Berberis.

The Berries cool, and are astringent; they provoke Appetite, and strengthen the Stomach; and therefore the Conserve of them is frequently used in Fevers, a Loosness, and the Bloody Flux. The in∣ward Bark of the Branches and Root, infus'd in White∣wine, is an excellent Re∣medy for the Jaundice. The Juice of the Berries, a Decoction of the Bark, or the Juice of the Leaves, mix'd with Vinegar, cure the Pain of the Teeth occa∣sioned by Fluxion. The Conserve of it frequently taken, cures Inflammations of the Mouth and Throat; or the Mouth being gar∣gled with some of the Con∣serve, dissolv'd in Water and Vinegar.

Barley, in Latin Hor¦deum.

The French-Barley is much used in Fevers, and for Diseases of the Breast, and for Heat of Urine. A Pultis of Barley-meal and Butter is very Anodine, and eases painful Tumours.

Barley-water.

Boyl two Ounces of French-Barley in Fountain-water,

change the Water twice; boyl it the third time in a Quart of Water, to a Pint and an half; adding Liquorish half an Ounce, Violet-leaves and Straw∣berry-leaves, each one hand∣ful; sweeten it with Sugar, or Syrup of Violets.

The Cinnamon-water with Barley.

Infuse twelve Ounces of Cinnamon in four Quarts of Barley-water prepared by it self, without the Li∣quorish and other Ingredi∣ents; distill them in B. M.

Garden-Basil, in Latin Ocymum.

'Tis about nine Inches high, and has many four-square Branches that are somewhat red, and a little hairy, The Leaves are like Pellitory-Leaves, they are smooth; some are indented, some not: They have a fragrant Smell, but do not taste very well. The Flowers are white, or of a purplish Colour; they smell sweet, and are plac'd on long Spikes, in Whirls. The Seed is small, and black. The Root is woody, black and fibrous. It grows only in Gardens.

It comforts the Heart, and expels Melancholy: It cleanses the Lungs, and moves the Courses. 'Tis an Ingredient of three Com∣pound-Waters in the Lon∣don-Dispensatory, viz. Gil∣berts-water, Briony-water, and the Celestial-water.

Wild-Basil, in Latin A∣cinos.

It has but one thin Root, with but a few Fi∣bres. The Stalks are one Hand high, hairy, red, four-square, branchy, tho' near the Earth they seem round. There are two Leaves at each Joint, and their Foot-stalks are con∣trary one to another; they are like wild Thyme, but larger; they are indented about the Edges, are green above, underneath whitish: Their Nerves are conspi∣cuous, they are plac'd up∣on short Foot-stalks. The Flowers are dispos'd like a Whirl at the top of the Stalks and Branches, and shew themselves of a pur∣ple Colour. The Cup is

oblong, channell'd, big-bel∣lied, but narrow at the Neck. It grows of its own accord upon chalky Hills, and on dry and gravelly Ground. It flowers in June.

The Virtue of it is not certainly known; and, in∣deed, one would judge by the Smell and Taste, that it had no great Virtue, tho' Schwenckfeld says that 'tis hot and dry, and that it forces the Courses, and the Birth, and removes Melan∣choly.

Baulm, in Latin Me∣lissa.

'Tis reckon'd among the Cordial-Herbs. It re∣moves Melancholy, and cheers the Heart. 'Tis much commended for Fainting and Beating of the Heart, and for the Palsie and Falling-sickness, and for other cold Diseases of the Brain. Put the green Leaves into Canary-wine, and drink a Glass or two at Meals, it provokes the Courses, and Child-bed-Purgations; and is good for Mother-fits, and cures a Stinking Breath. For Mad∣ness, Take one Handful of the Leaves, cut them small, and infuse them in four Ounces of Brandy; add of prepar'd Pearl half a Dram; the Dose is two Spoonfuls Morning and Evening. This was counted a great Secret at Montpelier. For Melancholy, Take of the Conserve of Balm one Ounce, of the Conserve of Bugloss and Borage-flowers, each half an Ounce; of Confection of Alkermes one Dram; make an Electuary with the Syrup of the five opening Roots: Take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening for the space of a Month, be∣ing first purg'd once or twice. A Maid was cur'd of deep Melancholy, and the Green-sickness, by the use of this Medicine. 'Tis us'd in Baths to comfort the Joints and Sinews; and for Diseases of the Womb. It flowers in June, July and August.

Bay-tree, in Latin Laurus.

A Decoction of the Bark, Berries and Leaves makes a good Bath for the Diseases of the Womb and Bladder. The

Berries are very effectual against all Poison of ve∣nomous Creatures, and the stinging of Wasps and Bees, and also in the Plague, and infectious Diseases; and therefore are an Ingredient in the London-Treacle. They procure the Courses; and 'tis said that seven of the Berries taken inwardly, will hasten Delivery, and expel the After-Birth. Be∣ing made into an Electua∣ry with Hony, they cure old Coughs, and Shortness of Breath, and stop Rheums; they expel Wind, and pro∣voke Urine, and comfort the Stomach. The Oyl which is made of the Ber∣ries is very useful in cold Diseases of the Joints and Nerves. The Electuary of it is frequently used in Cly∣sters, to expel Wind, and to ease the Pain of the Cholick. So do the Berries themselves.

A Clyster for the Cho∣lick.

Take of the Leaves of Mercury, Marsh-mallows, Pellitory of the Wall, each one Handful; of the Flow∣ers of Camomil one Dram; of the Seed of Caraways, Cumin, of Bay-berries pow∣der'd, each one Ounce; boyl them in clear Posset-drink, to three quarters of a Pint of the Liquor strain∣ed: Add three Ounces of Mercurial Honey, (which see among the Vertues of Mercury) of Hiera Picra two Drams. Make a Cly∣ster.

Beans, in Latin Faba.

They are the chief Diet all the Summer-time in some Places, and are certainly very nourishing. A poor Country-man, when Corn was dear, dieted his Chil∣dren only with Beans dried; and they were better co∣lour'd, and fatter, than o∣ther Children.

The Distill'd Water of the Flowers provokes U∣rine; and is much used for beautifying the Face, and taking Spots from thence. For the Gravel, make a Lee of the Ashes, strain it, and sweeten it with Sugar: Take six Ounces, with twenty Drops of Tincture

of Cinnamon in it. One that voided Blood by Stool three or four Months, was cured by eating Red Beans boyl'd in Milk, Morning and Evening, when other Medicines would do no good. They provoke Ve∣nery; but they are windy, and occasion troublesom Dreams.

Bears-foot, in Latin Helleboraster.

It grows on∣ly in Gardens. The Pow∣der of the Leaves kills Worms in Children: But it is a churlish Medicine.

Beech-tree, in Latin Fagus.

The Leaves of the Beech-tree bruis'd, and ap¦plied to hot Swellings, dis∣cusses them. The Water contained in old and hol∣low Oaks and Beech-trees, cures the Itch in Men, and Cattel when they are mangy.

White-Beet, in Latin Beta alba.

It has a woody Root, of the thickness of the Little Finger, pretty long, and white. The Leaves are of a light green Colour, thick, and succu∣lent; of a nitrous Taste. The Stalk is four Foot high, or higher, small, and chan∣nell'd; and has many Wings, wherein are the little Flowers, in a long Series, consisting of yellow Tufts. The Seed is round, rough and brown.

Sea-Beet, in Latin Beta Maris.

'Tis like the White-Beet, but the Leaves are smaller and greener. They are plain and equal; and have sometimes red Veins, and sometimes not. The Stalk is also less. 'Tis common in salt Marshes, and on the Sea-shore.

Beet is hot and dry, and loosens the Belly by reason of its Nitrosity. 'Tis an Errhine, especially the Root; for the Juice of it, received into the Nostrils, occasions Neezing. The young Plants, with their Roots, gently boyled, and eaten with Vinegar, pro∣cure an Appetite, extin∣guish Thirst, and suppress Choler in the Stomach. Beet, amongst the Ancients, was much taken notice of for its insipid Taste, Mar∣tial

reproaches it in the fol∣lowing Distick.

Ut sapiant fatuae fabrorum prandia Betae, O quam saepe petet vina pi∣perque coquus?

The Juice of this Herb, drawn up into the Nostrils, powerfully evacuates Phle∣gmatick Humours from the Brain, and cures invete∣rate Head-aches. This is counted a great Secret by some.

Wood-Betony, in La∣tin Betonica.

It grows in Bushes and Woods. The Flower is commonly pur∣ple, sometimes white.

Many Vertues are attri∣buted to this Plant, taken any way. Scroder describes the Vertues, in short, thus. 'Tis hot and dry, acrid and bitter. It discusses, at∣tenuates, opens and cleanses. 'Tis Cephalick, Epatick, Splenetick, Thoracick, U∣terine, Vulnerary, and Diu∣retick. 'Tis used frequent∣ly, inwardly and outward∣ly, especially in Diseases of the Head. 'Tis observed, that the Faculties of the Root are quite different from the Vertues of the Leaves and Flowers; for, 'tis very nauseous in the Mouth and Stomach, and occasions Nauseousness, Belching and Vomiting: The Leaves, on the con∣trary, are Aromatick, and of a pleasant Taste, and agreeable to Nature in Food and Physick. Coun∣terfeit Tea, made of Sage, Betony and Ground-pine, sweetned, and drank hot, is very good for the Gout, Head-ach, and Diseases of the Nerves; and eases Pain, occasioned by these Diseases.

Common-Bilberries, in Latin Vaccinia nigra vulga∣ris.

This small Bush has many green, angled Sprigs, a Foot, or two Foot high, which are hard to break. They are divided into ma∣ny Branches, whereon there are many tender, green Leaves; about an Inch long, and half an Inch broad. They are sharp-pointed, smooth, and cu∣riously indented about the Edges, They taste partly

acid, and partly harsh. The Flowers are placed, each on a Foot-stalk, among the Leaves: They are of a pale-red Colour, with a Saffron-colour'd Thread in the middle; and, in form, are like a Water-Pitcher. To each Flower succeeds one Berry, like to a Juni∣per-berry; which is rather of a Violet-colour when it is ripe, than black. At first tasting of the Berries they seem pleasantly acid, but they leave somewhat that is nauseous upon the Pa∣late. It flowers in May: The Fruit is ripe in Au∣gust, and sometimes in July.

The Berries are cooling, and astringent. They are very agreeable to an hot Stomach, and quench Thirst. They cure a Looseness, and the Bloody-Flux, occasioned by Cho∣ler: And are good in the Disease called Cholera mor∣bus. They stop Vomiting, and take off Feverish Heats. A Syrup made of the Juice of the Berries, is most agreeable: viz. Take of the Juice strain'd, one Pint; Fine Sugar, one Pound and an half: Boyl it to a Syrup with a gentle Fire. Take one Spoonful at a time, or mix it with three Ounces of some pro∣per Water.

Birch-tree, in Latin, Betula.

The Branches of this Tree are small and flexible, and most of them hang downwards. The Bark is very various; when the Tree is young 'tis yellow, or brown; af∣terwards it grows lighter. It bears long Buds, like Long-Pepper. It grows fre∣quently in cold and wa∣tery Places, and on moist Heaths. The slender Twigs of it were formerly used for the Magistrates Verge: Now they serve to disci∣pline Boys, and to tame wild Horses, and to make Brooms, and to catch Birds with Bird-Lime, and Bands for Fagots. Fishermen in Northumberland fish a-nights by the Light of this Bark: They put it into a cleft Stick, which serves for a Candle-stick▪ and so they see how to use their Three-teeth'd Spear for killing

Fish. In Alsatia the best Hoops are made of Birch.

The Leaves are hot and dry, cleansing, resolving, opening, and bitter: For which Reason they are of no small use in a Drop∣sie, and the Itch, and the like. The Bark is Bitu∣minous, and is therefore mix'd with Perfumes that are to correct the Air. The Fungus of it has an astringent Quality; upon which Account it stops Blood miraculously.

This Tree, in the Begin∣ning of Spring, before the Leaves come forth, being pierced, yields plentifully a sweet and potulent Juice, which Shepherds, when they are thirsty, often drink in the Woods. Tra∣gus, Helmont, Charleton, and others, commend the Virtue and Efficacy of this Liquor, and not undeserv∣edly for the Stone in the Kidnies and Bladder, for Bloody Urine and the Strangury. This Tree be∣gins to yield its Juice about the Middle of February, and sometimes not till the Beginning of March. Tra∣gus also commends it for the Jaundice. Some wash their Faces with it, to take off Spots, and to beautifie. Dr. Needham cured Scorbu∣tick Consumptions with it: He used to mix with it good Wine and Honey. Rennet infused in the Juice, preserves the Cheese from Worms, says Tragus. The Juice of Birch cures Warts, and Pimples in the Face, if it be washed with it in the Day time, Morning and Evening, and permitted to dry on.

The Greater Bistort, or Snake-weed, in Latin Bi∣storta major.

The Stalks are sometimes more than two Foot high, small, smooth, and jointed at the Top; whereon are Ears of Flowers of a Flesh-colour; and being unfolded, they consist of five small Leaves, with Tufts of the same Co∣lour in the middle. The Seed is brown, or almost black, and triangular. The Leaves are smaller than those of sharp-pointed Dock; above of a dark-green Colour, below gray.

The Root represents a crooked Finger, is red, and very astringent. 'Tis com∣mon in the Meadows and Pastures about Sheffeild in Yorkshire, and in several other Places of that Coun∣ty. It grows also plenti∣fully in some Meadows about Tamworth and Fasely in Warwickshire.

It cools and dries. The Root of it is very astrin∣gent, harsh, alexipharmick, and Sudorifick. 'Tis chief∣ly used to take off Vomit∣ing, and to prevent Abor∣tion, and the like. The Powder of the Root, mix∣ed with Conserve of Ro∣ses, does wonderfully stop Spitting of Blood, and the Bloody Flux, and other Fluxes. It stops the Cour∣ses when they are immo∣derate. The Powder sprinkl∣ed upon Wounds, stops the Blood.

Take of the Roots of Bistort and Tormentil, each one Ounce; of the Leaves of Meadow-sweet, Burnet, Wood-Sorrel, each one handful; of Burnt Harts-horn two Drams; of Sha∣vings of Harts-horn and Ivory, each two Drams: Boyl them in three Pints of Fountain-water, to two; add towards the End three Ounces of Red Roses; strain them. The Dose is six Spoonfuls often in a Day.

Ʋpright-Blite, in Latin Blitum erectius.

It has a red and single Root, with some small Fibres. It roots deep in the Earth if the Place be agreeable to it; otherwise it is fibrous. The Stalk is nine Inches high, channell'd, smooth, solid; sending forth many Branch∣es, near the Earth longer than the very Stalks. The Leaves are plac'd some∣times opposite to one ano∣ther, but oftner alternate∣ly. Their Foot-stalks are an Inch long, smooth, and not so frequent as in other Blites. The Leaves re∣semble the Leaves of Wild-Marjoram, but they are somewhat bigger; from the Wings whereof, and from the Extremities of the Branches, come forth small purple Flowers, in Clusters. The Seed is small, and

black. It grows plentiful∣ly upon Dung-hills, in Hop-grounds, and upon fat Earth.

It mollifies, cools, and tastes insipid.

Blue-Bottles, in La∣tin Cyanus.

The Root is woody, and fibrous. It has many Stalks a Foot and an half, or two Foot high; they have Angles, are hoary, and divided in∣to Branches. The lower∣most Leaves have sharp Jags, like Scabious, or Dan∣delion; the other are long, and as broad as a Blade of Grass; and have Nerves, that run along them: They are Sky-colour'd, or whi∣tish. The Flowers come from little Heads that are compos'd of Scales; they consist of little jagged Horns, and are commonly of a Sky-colour, sometimes white, or of a light red, or purple. The Seed is contain'd in the little Head of the Flower. The whole Plant tastes dry, and some∣what nauseous, and has no good Smell. It grows com∣monly among Corn.

The Flowers and the distill'd Water are useful for Inflammations of the Eyes, and for the Bleared∣ness of them. The Juice of the Flowers distill'd, is good for putrid Ulcers. The Powder of it, taken inwardly, is very effectual in the Jaundice. The Flowers infus'd in Spirit of Wine, or in common Water, impart their Co∣lour to the Liquor; and they also colour Sugar ve∣ry curiously, as do the Flowers of Succory, and the like.

Borrage, in Latin Bor∣rago.

'Tis very cordial; and the Flower is one of the four Cordial-Flowers. The distill'd Water, and the Conserve of the Flow∣ers, comfort the Heart, re∣lieve the Faint, chear the Melancholy, and purifie the Blood. This Herb is suppos'd to be Homer's Ne∣penthe; by the Juice where∣of, mix'd with Wine, he was wont to expel Sorrow. The Water of it is good for Inflammations of the Eyes, and for all Fevers; as is also the Conserve of

the Flowers. The Con∣serve of the Flowers mix'd with Wine, is said to open Women's Obstructions.

To chear the Heart, Take of the Conserve of Borrage-Flowers one Ounce, of the Confection of Alkermes two Drams; mix them: The Dose is the quantity of a Nutmeg▪ two Hours after Meals, drinking a Glass of Canary presently after it.

Box-tree, in Latin Bu∣xus.

This Tree is always green, and full of Branches. The Bark is white and rough. The Substance of it is very hard and yellow, and very heavy, and with∣out Pith. It has many Leaves; they are smooth, more obtuse than the Leaves of the Myrtle, firm, and sometimes con∣cave; and, which is worth Observation, they are dou∣ble: They smell pretty well, but taste ill. A great many of these Trees grow on Box-hill, near Darking in Surrey.

'Tis seldom used in Phy∣sick. The Oyl drawn from the Wood, is much com∣mended for the Falling-Sickness, and Pains in the Teeth. 'Tis said, the De∣coction of the Wood cures the French-Pox, as well as Guiacum. 'Tis chiefly used by Turners.

For the Pain of the Teeth, drop two or three Drops of the Oyl upon a little Lint, and stop the hollow Tooth with it, and it will soon give Ease.

Bramble, in Latin Ru∣bus.

The Ancients attri∣buted many Virtues to al∣most every part of this Plant. The Leaves, the Buds, the Flowers, and the Fruit are astringent; but the Fruit, before it is ripe, is very astringent; where∣fore it is good for Vomit∣ing, and all Fluxes. 'Tis good for Sore Mouths; and is commended by some for the Scurvy, and not without Reason; for, in quality and figure, 'tis like the Cloud-Berry of the Alps, which is a Specifick for this Disease; and therefore we need not charge Children

so strictly not to eat them. They do, indeed, occasion Children's Heads to be scabby; but it is because they eat immoderately of them: And so any other Fruit would produce the same Effect. A pleasant and generous Wine may be made of the Juice of the Berries, press'd out, and fermented with a little Su∣gar. A Syrup made of the Juice, is very good for Heat of Urine.

'Tis most commonly prescrib'd in Gargarisms to cure Sore Mouths: Take of Bramble-tops, of the Leaves of Columbine, Cyprus and Sage, each one Handful; boyl them in two Quarts of Water wherein Iron has been quench'd, till one is consum'd: Add, Allum, one Dram and an half; Hony of Roses, one Ounce: Make a Gargarism, where∣with wash the Mouth often in a Day.

White-Briony, in La∣tin Brionia alba.

The Root is as thick as ones Arm, white and fungous, of a bitter and ac••id Taste. It sends forth pliant Twigs, channell'd, and somewhat hairy; which spread them∣selves far and wide by the help of their Tendrels, and climb up every thing that is near. The Leaves are like Ivy-leaves, but larger; they are hairy, and green. The Flowers, joyn'd toge∣ther, come out of the Wings of the Leaves, and are of a whitish Colour. It grows frequently in Hedges.

It purges strongly Wa∣tery and Phlegmatick Hu∣mours. 'Tis proper for the Diseases of the Spleen, Li∣ver and Womb; for it o∣pens the Obstructions of those Parts. It drains the Water of Hydropical Peo∣ple by Vomit and Stool. It provokes the Courses, helps Delivery, cures the Suffocation of the Womb, and the Asthma.

Juglers and Fortune-tel∣lers make wonderful Mon∣sters of this Root, which, when they have hid in the Sand for some Days, they dig up for Mandrakes; and by this Imposture these Knaves impose on our

Common People. Con∣serve of White Briony-Roots, taken twice a Day, to the quantity of a Nut∣meg, for a long time, cures the Falling-Sickness, and Mother-Fits. A piece of the Root put into the Pot the Sick drinks out of, does the same. The Compound-water of Briony is most in use. I have used this Com∣position that follows, with excellent Success, in Wo∣men's Obstructions; and it is, undoubtedly much better in Hysterick Diseases, than the common Com∣pound-water of the Lon∣don-Dispensatory. Take of dried Briony-Roots, beaten to a gross Powder, two Ounces; of the Leaves of Rue, and dried Mugwort, each half a pound; Savine dried, three quarters of an Handful; of Featherfew, Cat-mint and Penny-royal, dried, each half an Hand∣ful; of the fresh yellow Pill of one Orange; of Mirrh half an Ounce, of Castor two Drams, of the best Nants-Brandy one Quart: Put them into a Glass, and let them infuse six Days in warm Ashes; then strain the Liquor off, and keep it in a Glass-bottle, well stop∣ped. The Dose is half a Spoonful, to be taken in three Ounces of Penny-royal-water, sweetned with Sugar, Morning and Even∣ing.

The Lees of Briony, cal∣led in Latin Foecula Brioniae, are made after the follow∣ing manner: Take what quantity of the Roots of Briony you please, slice them, and press out the Juice; this being kept in Vessels unmov'd, will in a few Hours depose the Lees, or Foecula; which being se∣parated by pouring the Water away gently, must be dried in a Glass-Vessel. They are used in a Drop∣sie.

Common-Brook-Lime, in Latin Anagallis aquatica.

It grows commonly in little Brooks.

It heats and moistens moderately. 'Tis chief∣ly used in the Scurvy; it powerfully expels the Stone of the Kidnies and Blad∣der; it provokes the Cour∣ses,

and expels a dead Child. Outwardly appli∣ed, it cures Inflam'd Tu∣mours, and St. Anthony's Fire. 'Tis much of the same virtue with Water∣cresses, only not so strong.

Country-people cure Wounds with Brook-lime, mix'd with a little Salt, and a Spider's Web, and applied to the Wound, wrapp'd about with a dou∣ble Cloth.

Brook-lime boyld in Wa∣ter, applied to blind Piles, has presently eas'd the Pain, when other Medicines would do no good. Fabri∣cius says, he knew a large Ulcer that possess'd almost the whole Leg, and reach∣ed almost to the Bone, was cured in a Scorbutical Person only with Brook-lime boyl'd in Beer, and applied twice a Day. But it is most commonly used inwardly to cure the Scur∣vy: Take of the Juice of Brook-lime, Water-cresses and Scurvy-grass, each half a Pint; of the Juice of Oranges, four Ounces; fine Sugar, two Pounds; make a Syrup over a gen∣tle Fire: Take one Spoon∣ful in your Beer every time you drink.

Broom, in Latin Geni∣sta.

'Tis common in San∣dy and barren Grounds. It flowers at the Latter End of April. 'Tis Splenetick, Nepthritick, and Hepatick. It expels the Stone, and purges Watery Humours upwards and downwards, by Stool and Urine: Wherefore it is of great use in Obstructions of the Liver, Spleen, and Mesen∣tery: And in the Dropsie and Catarrhs, the Flowers, the Seeds, and Tops are in use.

The Leaves, the Branch∣es, and Tops, boyl'd in Wine or Water, or the Juice of them, are good in a Dropsie, and all Ob∣structions of the Kidnies and Bladder; for they partly purge watery and superflous Humours by Stool, and partly by U∣rine: One Dram of the Seed does the same. The Flowers, when they are green, are commonly pick∣led,

and make an agreeable Sauce; for they provoke Appetite, and force Urine. The Ashes are most in use, and frequently commended in the Dropsie: Take of the Ashes of Broom one Pound, infuse them cold in two Quarts of Rhenish-Wine, adding to it half an Handful of Common Wormwood: Take four Ounces of the clear Li∣quor in the Morning, at Four in the Afternoon, and in the Evening, every Day.

Broom-rape, in Latin Orobanche.

'Tis two Foot high, or more; the Stalk is streight, round and hai∣ry, pale or yellowish, or brownish; whereon are Leaves that are narrow and longish, if they may be called Leaves, for they seem rather the Beginning of Leaves: They soon fade, and Flowers succeed them, which are on a Spike, like the Flowers of Orchis, but at a greater distance; they are of a dull yellow Co∣lour. The Root is round and scaly, and tastes very bitter. The Flowers smell pretty well.

The Herb candied, or the Root, is of excellent use in Diseases of the Spleen, and for Melancho∣ly. An Ointment made of it, with Lard, is good to discuss hard and Scirrhous Tumours.

Butcher's-Broom, in La∣tin Ruscus, or Bruscus.

'Tis a Foot and an half high, and sometimes three or four Foot high: It has ma∣ny tough Branches, and is full of Leaves, and they are like the Leaves of the Myrtle; they are ridged, nervous and prickly; they have no Foot-stalks; they are hard and strong, and taste bitter. At the Mid∣dle of the Leaf is plac'd a small Flower, on a very short Foot-stalk. When first it rises it represents a little Bunch of small Needles; but being open'd, three lit∣tle, broadish Leaves ap∣pear. A round Fruit suc∣ceeds the Flower, that is larger than the Berries of Asparagus; 'tis reddish and sweetish. Under the Skin of it lie two great yellow Seeds, bunching out on one side, and plain on the other:

They are very hard. The Root is thick, oblique, and has many Fibres that are white and long, like the Fibres of Asparagus.

The Root is one of the five opening Roots. 'Tis chiefly used for Obstructi∣ons of the Liver, the U∣rine, and the Courses. The Syrup of the five opening Roots is much in use, and is prepar'd in the following manner: Take of the Roots of Butcher's-Broom, Fennel, Asparagus, Parsly and Smallage, each two Ounces; Fountain-water three Quarts; digest them hot, then boyl them in B. M. to the Liquor pressed out hard, and clarified, add eight Ounces of Vine∣gar, and five Pounds and an half of fine Sugar; make a Syrup with a gentle Heat. The Dose is two Spoonfuls, in four Ounces of any proper di∣still'd Water.

Buck-thorn, in Latin Rhamnus Catharticus.

This small Tree is common in the Hedges in some pla∣ces. The outward Bark is black; there are two within, one green, the o∣ther yellow: The Wood is pale, and hard. It has many Branches, that are plac'd most commonly op∣posite one to another; and it has hard, ridged and long Thorns plac'd among the Leaves, the Ends of the Branches being thorny al∣so. The Leaves are like the Leaves of a Crab-tree, but smaller; they are pointed, of a dark Green, indented, and nervous, and have an astringent Taste. It has many small Flowers together, of a light green Colour; each con∣sists of four Leaves. The Berries succeed the Flow∣ers: Great Numbers of them are plac'd at the Roots of the Thorns, up∣on pretty long Foot-stalks: When they are ripe they are black, and full of green Juice. They have three or four triangular Grains, which have a blackish Bark, and a white Marrow that does not taste ill. The Taste of the Ber∣ries is bitter, and astrin∣gent; and the Juice has a certain peculiar Taste.

The Berry of this Shrub yields three sorts of Colours. Those that are gather'd in Harvest-time, and dried, and powder'd, and infus'd with Water and Allum, make a yellow, or rather a Saffron-colour; and is now in use for paint∣ing of Playing-Cards and Leather. Those that are gather'd in the Autumn, when they are ripe and black, being pounded, and kept in a Glass-Vessel, af∣ford a delicate Green, which is called Sap-Green, and is much used by Paint∣ers. Those that remain on the Trees till the Feast of St. Martin make a red Colour. The Berries are purging, a Dram, or a Dram and an half of them being taken at a time. Some take fifteen or twen∣ty of the Berries at a time: But they work so power∣fully, that they are not to be given in Substance to weakly People. The Sy∣rup is most in use: Take of the Juice of ripe and fresh Berries, gather'd in September, 2 Pounds, let it clear by standing; then add of Cinnamon and Nutmegs, each three Drams; infuse it in B. M. for the space of a Day; then press them out, and add a Pound and an half of White Sugar, and make a Syrup in B. M.

Bugle, in Latin Bugu∣la.

The Stalk is four∣square, empty, and hairy; an Hand, or half a Foot high. The Leaves are in∣dented, like the Leaves of the greater Water-Brook∣lime; two are plac'd by Intervals, opposite one to another; of a Violet-co∣lour, or purple, or green: They taste at first sweet, afterwards bitter and a∣stringent. The Flowers come out of the Wings of the Leaves, in a short hai∣ry Cup, that is divided in∣to five parts: They are of a Sky and changeable Co∣lour, and of a sweetish Taste. The Root is small and fibrous, and tastes more astringent than the Leaves. 'Tis common in Woods, and moist Mea∣dows; and flowers in May.

The Virtues are much the same with those of

Self-heal. 'Tis Vulnerary, either taken inwardly, or outwardly applied. 'Tis us'd in the Jaundice, in Ob∣structions of the Liver, and for Stoppage of Urine. An Ointment made of the Leaves of Bugle, Scabious and Sanicle, bruis'd, and boyl'd in Lard till they are dry, and then press'd out, is of excellent use for all sorts of Ulcers and Bruises, and to heal Wounds. 'Tis one of the Ingredients for the Wound-Drink of the London-Dis∣pensatory, commonly cal∣led The Traumatick Deco∣ction.

Bugloss, in Latin Bu∣glossum.

It has many Stalks coming from the same Root, about three or four Foot high, round and rough, with ridgid Hairs. 'Tis branchy at the top, whereon the Leaves grow without Foot-stalks: They are many, narrow, oblong, of a Sky-colour'd Green, not wrinkl'd, like Burrage; they end in a sharp Point, and are hairy on both sides, and equal about the Edges from the Wings of the Leaves; and sometimes at their Sides, or lower, or a little higher, the Branches rise. The Flowers come on the top of the Stalks and Branches, from a Cup compos'd of five oblong, norrow, sharp, hairy pie∣ces; the Flowers are less than those of Borrage, and consist of one Leaf, of a light purple Colour; an oblong Thread grows up from the bottom of the Cup, which is encompass'd with four Seeds that are of a russet Colour and wrink∣led when they are ripe. The Root lives many Years, is black without, and white within. It flow∣ers in June and July, and the Summer after.

It has the same Virtues with Borrage. The Flow∣ers are of great use in Me∣lancholy and Hypochon∣driack Diseases, and are reckon'd among the four Cordial Flowers. A Per∣son was cured of the Fall∣ing-Sickness by the con∣stant Use of the Flowers in Wine for half a Year. Take of the Leaves of Bugloss, Borrage, Balm,

Fumitory, Water-cresses, and Brook-lime, each four Handfuls; of July-flowers, Marrigolds, Borrage-flow∣ers and Cowslips, each three handfuls; the out∣ward Barks of six Oranges, and of four Limons: All being cut and bruis'd, pour upon them four Quarts of Posset-drink made with Cyder; distill them in a cold Still, and mingle all the Water. Take three Ounces Night and Morn∣ing.

Bur-dock, in Latin Bardana.

It has a single, thick Root, that grows deep in the Earth; with∣out black, within white. The Leaves are plac'd up∣on long Foot-stalks; they are very large, green a∣bove, and hairy under; they have a thick, short Down; they are not exact∣ly round, but a little long∣ish, and end in a sharp Point; they have short, small Prickles about the Edges, that are scarce vi∣sible. The Stalk is two Foot and an half high, or higher; thick, round and hairy, and of a purplish Colour, and full of Pith; the Leaves are plac'd on them alternately, at small distances; they branch out almost from the bottom. The Flowers are plac'd on the top of the Stalks and Branches, and come out of rough Heads, or Burrs, with crooked Prickles; they are purplish; the Burs are apt to stick to Clothes. The Seed is pretty large, oblong, and of a brown Colour.

'Tis Drying, Pulmonick, Diuretick, Diaphoretick, Cleansing, and somewhat Astringent. 'Tis good in an Asthma, for the Stone, and Spitting of Blood; for old Sores, and Swellings of the Spleen, and of all other Parts in Gouty Dis∣eases, wherein it is pecu∣liarly proper. The Seed is an excellent Lithontripick, being powder'd, and taken in Small Beer or Posset-drink. The Leaves are applied outwardly, to old Sores, and to Burns. The Seed powder'd, and taken forty Days together, cures the Hip-Gout. 'Tis said, it provokes Venery.

Take of the Seeds of Bur-dock two Drams, of Wild-Carrot-Seeds one Dram, of Salt of Amber one Dram, of Oyl of Nut∣megs half a Scruple, Balsa∣mum Capivii a sufficient quantity; make small Pills, take four Morning and Evening. This is a good Diuretick Medicine. But the Root is chiefly us'd.

Take of the Roots of Bur-dock three Ounces, of Sarsaparilla six Ounces, of the Wood of Guaiacum three Ounces, of the Bark of the same one Ounce, of the Roots of Notty China three Ounces, of Sassaphras one Ounce and an half, of Harts-horn and Ivory, rasp'd, each one Ounce; of Red and White Sanders, and of the sweet-smelling Flag, each six Drams; of Raisins of the Sun, ston'd, one Hand∣ful; of the Seeds of A∣nise and Fennel, each half an Ounce: Infuse them in eight Quarts of Fountain-water for twenty four Hours in B. M. and cover the Vessel close; then boyl it with a gentle Fire, till a third part of the Liquor is is consum'd; towards the latter end of Boyling, add of the Tops of Eye-bright, Betony, dried Sage, and of the Cordial-Flowers, each one Pugil; of Woody Cas∣sia half an Ounce; of Nut∣megs, number two; strain it for use. Take half a Pint four times a Day.

Burnet, in Latin Pim∣pinella vulgaris, sive minor.

It has a long, slender, brown Root, with some Fibres. The Stalks are a Foot, or two Foot high, angl'd, branchy, and of a light red Colour. At the top of the Branches are small Heads, from whence arise small purplish Flow∣ers. The Seeds are short, and four-square. It has many long, wing'd Leaves, that lie on the Ground, which consist of several small, roundish Leaves, green above, and grayish underneath, finely indented about the edges, and set on each side of a Middle-rib. It grows commonly on chalky Ground, and in hilly Pastures.

'Tis Cordial, and Alexi∣pharmick. The green Herb is put into Wine, to chear the Heart; and it renders it very pleasant, by impart∣ing an Aromatick Smell and Taste to it. 'Tis a good Preservative against the Plague, and other con∣tagious Diseases. 'Tis al∣so astringent: Of ex∣cellent use in immoderate Fluxes of the Courses and Belly, and in all Hemor∣rhages, and to dry and heal Wounds and Ulcers, and the Biting of a Mad Dog. The following Wa∣ter was much us'd in the last London-Plague: Take of the Tops of Burnet, Rosemary, Wormwood, Sun-Dew, Mugwort, Dra∣gon's Scabious, Agrimony, Balm, Carduus, Betony, the Lesser Centory, one Handful each; of the Roots of Tormentil, An∣gelica, Peony, Zedoary, Liquorish and Elecampane, each half an Ounce; of the Leaves of Sage, Ce∣landine and Rue, of the Leaves and Flowers of Marigolds, each one Hand∣ful; cut them, and infuse them three Days in four Quarts of the best White∣wine, then distil them carefully, and keep the Water for use. The Dose was four Spoonfuls.

Butter-bur, or Pesti∣lent-wort, in Latin Petasitis.

First it sends forth a Stalk about nine Inches high, that is concave and downy, with narrow, sharp Leaves on it. At the top is a long, spiked Head of Flowers, of a purplish Colour. When the Flowers fade, and the Stalks die, large Leaves succeed, like the Leaves of Colts-foot, but twice or thrice as large, or larger; hook'd near the Foot-stalk; they are almost round, and indented about the Edges. The Root is thick and bit∣ter, and creeps much. It grows in moist places, and near the Banks of Rivers▪ the Spike and Flower flou∣rish in April.

'Tis much us'd in Pestilential Fevers. 'Tis also reckon'd good in Coughs, and for an Asth∣ma. It expels the broad Worms of the Belly, and provokes Urine and the

Courses. 'Tis outwardly applied to Bubo's, and Ma∣lignant Ulcers. 'Tis us'd also to provoke Sweat, and to expel Malignity: Take of the Root of Bur-dock, Virginian Snake-weed and Contrayerva, each one Dram; of Cochinell and Saffron, each half a Dram; make a Powder. The Dose is half a Dram▪ to be taken in a proper Wa∣ter.

Butterwort, or York∣shire-Sanicle, in Latin Pin∣guicula.

The Root has some white Fibres, that are pretty large consider∣ing the smalness of the Plant. It does not grow deep. Six or seven of the Leaves lie on the Earth, and sometimes more; of a pale yellow Green; they look greasie, and shine as if they were besmear'd; in length two Inches, and in breadth about one; they are somewhat blunt at the Ends, the Edges are smooth, the upper part of the Leaf is cover'd with a very short Down, which is scarcely seen. Some Foot-stalks, about an Hand high, arise amongst the Leaves; at the top of each is plac'd one purplish Flower, of one Leaf, divided into five parts. It grows in marshy Places, and on moist Hills.

The Leaves bruis'd and applied, cure fresh Wounds. Country-People cure Chaps in Cows Dugs, and Chaps and Swellings on their Hands, by anointing them with the fat Juice of this Herb. The Welsh make a Syrup of it, wherewith they purge themselves: They also boyl the Herb in Broth for the same purpose, for it purges Flegm very briskly: They also make an Ointment of it, which is of excellent use for Obstru∣ction of the Liver. The Leaves beat, and applied to Parts affected with Pain, ease the Pain. 'Tis reckon'd Vulnerary, and very good for Ruptures in Children.

C.

CAbbage, in Latin Bra∣sica.

Warts anointed with the Juice of it, are

taken off in the space of fourteen Days. The Leaves boil'd in Wine, and applied to Ulcers, and the Lepro∣sie, do much good. And so great is the Virtue of it, that the Urine of those that feed on it is very useful, and proper for curing the Fistula, Cancer, Tetters, and such like Diseases. At the Beginning of an In∣flammation of the Jaws, (when we design to cool and repel) we make use of the Liquor of it. A Person so over-run with the Scurvy that he could scarce go or stand, and had Spots all over his Breast and Legs, was cured by drinking daily three Pints of Wine, wherein four handfuls of Red Cabbage had been in∣fus'd, with half a Dram of Ginger, and two Drams of Cinnamon. For a Pain in the Side apply a Leaf of it, besmear'd with Butter, hot, to the Part affected, having first sprinkl'd Powder of Cumin-seed upon it. 'Tis said, Cabbage prevents Drunkenness.

Sea-Cabbage, or Cole∣wort, in Latin Brasica Ma∣rina.

It grows every where, almost, on the Sea-shore, in England: Our People, in such places, eat it; prefer∣ring it before Garden-Cab∣bage.

Field-Calamint, in La∣tin Calamintha.

It springs up yearly, with many Stalks, which are two Foot high, small, four-square, stiff and hairy; they look reddish in Sunny Places; they are branchy, and bend downward. The Leaves, by Intervals, are opposite one to the other, small, hairy, with here and there a Jag; they smell as strong as Penny-royal, and almost as strong as Water-mint; they are, for the most part, triangular, of an acrid and quick Taste. The Flowers are plac'd in Whirls at eve∣ry Joint, and are of a pale purple or sky-colour, and have a long Tube, with a Lip divided into three Clefts; and are plac'd up∣on pretty long Foot-stalks. From the Wing of the Leaf, on each side, comes forth a common Foot-stalk, ob∣long, and small, sustaining many small Flowers, with

little, peculiar Foot-stalks. The Cup of the Flower, and the Seed-vessel, is ob∣long, narrow, channel'd, and contains four Seeds, joyn'd together at the bot∣tom; they are very small, and red. It flowers late, about Autumn. It grows plentifully in Ditches, and near High-ways, and on Sandy and Barren Grounds▪

'Tis hot and dry, Sto∣machick and Uterine. It provokes the Courses and Urine: It opens the Liver, and cures a Cough. The Leaves relieve those that are bit by Serpents, being infus'd in Beer, or us'd out∣wardly in an Ointment. A Decoction of them is good for those that are Short-breath'd, Bursten, or Grip'd: It cures the Jaun∣dice, and resists Poyson. The Herbs us'd in Drink, with Salt and Hony, kills Worms. It cures an Ele∣phantiasis, if it be us'd fre∣quently. Take of the Leaves of Calamint, Sa∣voury and Lungwort, each one Handful; one large Leaf of Tobacco, of Li∣quorish slic'd two Drams; of the Roots of Elecam∣pane, of Polypody of the Oak prepar'd, each two Ounces; of Currants two Ounces; of Sebestens, number fifteen; of the Seeds of Nettles one Dram and an half: Boyl them in sweet Wine diluted to a Pint and an half, with a Pound and an half of Sugar make a Syrup. Let it be taken in the form of a Lin∣ctus, or a Spoonful Morn∣ing and Evening. This is good for an Asthma.

Calve's-snout, or Snap∣dragon, in Latin Antirrhi∣num.

'Tis a very curious Plant, consisting of a small, whitish Root. The Stalks are a Foot, or two Foot high, round, and hairy. The Leaves are plac'd al∣ternately; they are some∣what red, and fat under, and taste a little acrid and bitterish. The little Flowers come out of the Wings of the Leaves, and they are of two Colours, partly white, and partly purple; five or seven green, hairy Leaves en∣compass the bottom of them.

This Plant is seldom us'd in Physick, but is preserv'd in Gardens for the Beauty of its Flower. Those Things that are affirm'd of the Virtue of this Plant a∣gainst Apparitions, Enchant∣ments and Sorcery, are fri∣volous, superstitious, and wholly fabulous.

Camomile, in Latin Chamaemelum.

There is so much Camomile in Corn∣wall, that you scent it as you ride there on the Road.

It digests, loosneth, mol∣lifies, eases Pain, provokes Urine and the Courses; wherefore it is much us'd in the Cholick, and for Convulsions that proceed from Wind. Among▪ all the Plants that are us'd in Baths for the Stone, none is so effectual as the Flow∣ers of Camomile. 'Tis outwardly us'd in Parego∣rick, Emollient and Sup∣purating Pultesses, and for Clysters. The Oyl of Ca∣momile softens hard Swel∣lings, and discusses them, and eases the Pain. Some drink a Decoction of it for the Stone. A Person that had the Stone, and had tried many Medicines to no purpose, was wonder∣fully releiv'd by the fol∣lowing Remedy. I took, says he, two Handfuls of the Flowers of the Common Ca∣momile, which I infus'd in a Quart of Rhenish-Wine, and digested them in hot Ashes two Hours; then I strain'd the Liquor, and ad∣ded two Handfuls more of the Flowers, and digested them as before; and repeat∣ed the same a third time; but the last time it must be infus'd no longer time than Asparagus or Fish are wont to be boyl'd in. It is to be no∣ted, that this Decoction is render'd so salt, that one would think a good quantity of Salt had been dissolv'd in it. I took two or three Spoon∣fuls of this Decoction in a small Draught of hot Wine; and by the Ʋse of this simple Medicine (God be prais'd) the dreadful Symptoms were mitigated, and the Ʋreters relaxed; so that some Stones came away by Ʋrine, with∣out any great Pain. After∣wards I prescrib'd the same for several Others that were

so afflicted, who found also much Relief, especially if they were plac'd in a Bath. The Saltness he mentions in this Infusion, is very re∣markable.

Two or three Spoonfuls of the Juice of Camomile, with a few Drops of Spirit of Vitriol, given in Broth before the Fit comes, ge∣nerally cures Agues of all sorts.

Oyl of Camomile is made the same way that Oyl of Roses is.

Caraways, in Latin Carum.

It has a long, sin∣gle Root, as thick as the Thumb, or thicker, and white. The Bulk of it is increas'd by some Fibres that grow to it, which have an Aromatick Taste, and are somewhat acrid. It has many Stalks three or four Foot high, channel'd, smooth, solid and jointed; and sometimes divided in∣to Branches. The Leaves have a long-Foot-stalk that is like the Keel of a Ship, but 'tis narrow; they grow partly from the Root, and partly from the Wings of the Branches; like Leaves of Wild-Carrot, but they bear their Wings at a greater distance. The Flowers are single, small, round, whitish, or reddish. The Seed is oblong, chan∣nel'd, and of an acrid and Aromatick Taste. It grows frequently in fat, pleasant and green Fields, and in Meadows that are some∣times water'd.

The Seed is Stomachick, and Diuretick: It expels Wind, and helps Conco∣ction; provokes Urine, and strengthens the Brain▪ 'Tis of great Use in the Cholick, and for Giddiness in the Head, and the like. 'Tis much us'd in the Kitchin; for it is baked in Bread, and mix'd with Cheese, and boyl'd in Broths. 'Tis sold in the Shop Candied. The Root, when it is tender, is as ef∣fectual as the Seed, and eats more pleasantly than Parsnips. Take of the Seeds of Caraways, Co∣riander and Sweet Fennel, each fifteen Grains; of White Amber one Dram;

of the yellow Pill of Citron, of the Flowers of Rose∣mary, one Dram and an half; of Nutmeg half a Dram; of the finest Sugar three Ounces; make a gross Powder of them all: Take half a Spoonful of it after Meals, to help Di∣gestion.

Wild-Carrot, in Latin Daucus Offinarum.

'Tis Uterine and Diure∣tick: 'Tis chiefly us'd in Obstructions of the Cours∣es, in a Suffocation, for the Pain of the Matrix, and for a Flatulent Cholick, the Hickop, Obstruction of Urine, and an old Cough. The Seeds of it infus'd in Beer, and drunk, is much commended by some Mo∣dern Authors, especially by Charlton, for the Strangury, and the Stone in the Kid∣nies. Two Drams of the Seed infus'd in White-wine, and drunk, is good for Mother-fits. The little purple Flower of it is counted a certain Reme∣dy for the Falling-Sickness. Mr. Boyle, in his Book of the Ʋsefulness of Natural Philosophy, says, That dis∣coursing once with an emi∣nently learned and experi∣enc'd Physician of the Anti-nephritical Virtue of the Seed of this Carrot, fermented in Small Ale, he smilingly told him, That he found its Effi∣cacy but too great; for, hav∣ing prescrib'd it to some of his rich Patients, who were wont frequently to have re∣course to him for the Stone; after the Ʋse of this Drink for a pretty while, he seldom heard of them any more. Mr. Boyle prescrib'd one Ounce and an half of this Seed to a Gallon of Ale.

Celandine, in Latin Chelidonium majus.

It has divers tender, round, light-green Stalks, with greater Joints than ordinary in o∣ther Herbs; they are very brittle, branchy, and have large, tender, long Leaves, divided into many Parts, and each of them cut in the Edges; they are placed at the Joynts, on both sides of the Branches, of a dark-bluish green Colour above, like Columbines, of a pale bluish Green underneath. They are full of yellow

Sap, which is of a bitter Taste, and strong Smell. At the tops of their Branch∣es, which are much di∣vided, grow yellow Flow∣ers, consisting of four Leaves: After which come small, long Pods, with blackish Seeds therein. The Root is pretty large at the Head, shooting forth divers other long Roots, and small Fibres; reddish on the out∣side, and full of yellow Sap within.

'Tis hot and dry: It e∣vacuates Choler by Urine and Stool, and clears the Sight. A Syrup made of the whole Herb is good in the Jaundice▪ for Obstru∣ctions of the Liver, Spleen and Kidnies. It cures a Tetter (called in Latin Herpes Miliaris) effectual∣ly, it being anointed with the Juice. The Juice, or distill'd Water of it, out∣wardly applied, strength∣ens the Eyes, and cures Ulcers: But because the Juice is very acrid, it must be mix'd with those things that will abate its Acrimo∣ny. A great quantity of the Juice is made use of in the Composition of Aqua Mirabilis, which is made in the following manner: Take of Cloves, Galangal, Cubeds▪ Mace, Cardamoms, Nutmeg, Ginger, each one Dram; of the Juice of Ce∣lendine half a Pint, of Brandy one Pint, of White∣wine three Pints; infuse them twenty four Hours, and then distil a Quart in B. M. Celendine grows in shady and rough Places, and amongst Rubbish.

The Lesser Celandine, or Pile-wort, in Latin Che∣lidonium minus.

'Tis a lit∣tle Plant, about an Hand's breadth, which has yearly a new Root, Leaf and Flower. The Root is in∣spid, and partly round, as an Onion, and partly con∣sisting of many white Fi∣bres; from whence arises a small Stalk, near the Earth white, above of a light Purple; and at the bottom is a Joint, from whence a∣rise two Leaves, opposite one to another, with long Stalks, that have a broad Beginning, and are of a fleshy Colour, and end nar∣row and green: They are

somewhat like Ivy-leaves, but softer, less and round∣er; they shine, and are nervous, and have some∣times white Spots; as also those two that arise from the Root. The Leaves up∣on the Stalks are much in∣dented, like the Leaves of Creeping-Ivy; and they are commonly plac'd alter∣nately, and hang upon short, green Foot-stalks. At the top of the Branches is plac'd one Flower, resem∣bling that of Crowfoot, consisting of eight or nine small Leaves, of a Golden shining Colour. The Cup consists of three little, short Leaves, and has in the mid∣dle many yellow Threads. A little Head, cover'd with Pricks, succeeds the Flow∣er, of a yellowish green Colour, compos'd of the Seeds. It flowers at the Latter End of March, or the Beginning of April; in May the Leaves and Flow∣ers vanish; the Roots shoot forth the next Spring. It grows in Meadows, near Ditches, and chiefly in wet Grounds.

It cools and moistens, and is chiefly us'd for the Jaundice, Scurvy, and Bleeding of the Hemor∣rhoids. Outwardly ap∣plied, 'tis a Specifick for Excrescencies in the Fun∣dament; and is much com∣mended for Cleansing the Teeth, and for preserving them from Putrefaction.

The Lesser Centory, in Latin Centaurium minus.

The Root is small, white and woody, it creeps awry▪ 'tis full of Twigs, without Juice, and insipid: It has most commonly but one Stalk, nine Inches or one Foot high, smooth and firm. Some of the Leaves lie on the Ground, others are plac'd on the Stalk by Pairs, one opposite to ano∣ther, larger than the Leaves of St. John's-wort, smooth and green. They have three great Nerves, very conspicuous, on the Under∣side, running according to their Longitude. There are many Flowers joyn'd toge∣ther at the top of the Stalk and Branches, but they have no Foot-stalk; they are expanded from a long Tube, into five sharp pieces,

resembling so many Leaves, and they have five yellow Tops. The Cup of the Flower is compos'd of five narrow, acute, small Leaves, Long, starvling, little Heads succeed the Flowers, full of Seeds like Sand. It flowers in July, and is common in dry Pa∣stures.

Gallen, by reason of the wonderful and great Vir∣tue of this Plant, wrote a whole Book of it. 'Tis Splenetick and Hepatick, bitter without Biting: 'tis Cleansing, Opening and Vulnerary: 'Tis good in the Jaundice, in Suppression of the Courses, in the Gout, and for Worms; and is a Specifick for the Biting of a Mad Dog. The Deco∣ction of it is us'd with Suc∣cess in Tertian-Agues; wherefore 'tis called by some the Febrifuge-Plant. 'Tis one of the Ingredients of the Bitter Drink, so much us'd by the London-Physicians; which is made in the following manner: Take of the Tops of the Lesser Centory, of the Flowers of Camomile, each one Pugil; of the Roots of Gentian half a Scruple; of the Leaves of Sena, and Carduus-seed, each one Dram; of Salt of Worm-wood ten Grains; boyl them in a sufficient quanti∣ty of Fountain-water, to four Ounces. A Decoction of the Tops of it takes off Pimples, Spots, Morphew, and other Diseases of the Skin. A Lee made of it cleanses the Hair, and makes it white. A Man almost destroy'd by the Jaundice, was cured by drinking every Morning a strong Decoction of this Herb. It will not grow in Gardens.

Common Wild Charvil, in Latin Cerefolium Silve∣stre.

It has a woody, sin∣gle, white Root, and very small Fibres; 'tis as thick as the Little Finger. The Taste of it is somewhat a∣crid. It has sometimes one, sometimes more Stalks. They are a Cubit and an half high, or higher, round, channel'd, smooth and em∣pty, and knotted with joints, plac'd at a great di∣stance; and they belly out

under the Joints. The Branches come out alter∣nately, at each Joint, from the Wings of the Leaves. This is one of the Plants that are called Umbellife∣rous. The Flowers are small and white, and con∣sist of five Leaves, and so many white Threads. The Seeds are oblong, smooth and blackish when they are ripe, of a sweet and Aro∣matick Taste. The Leaves are softer, and cut sharper than the Leaves of Parsly▪ of an Aromatick Smell and Taste, and of a pale-green Colour, and sometimes a little red. The Foot-stalks are often red, and some∣what hairy. Tho' we said the Leaves grow alternate∣ly upon the Stalks, yet at the top they are plac'd by Pairs: And from the Wings of these two Branches rise, which is common to most other Umbelliferous Plants. It flowers in May: Soon after the Seed is ripe it wi∣thers away. It springs a∣gain in the Autumn, and is green all the Winter.

Charvil (especially that which grows in Gardens) is hot and dry, and Diu∣retick. It provokes the Courses, and is Lithontri∣prick: It quickens the Blood, when coagulated; and disposes to Sleep.

'Tis used outwardly with great Success for the Cholick, and Obstruction of Urine: Used in Cara∣plasms, it discusses Tu∣mours and Clodded Blood, like Solomon's-Seal. 'Tis chiefly us'd for Swellings, and Hardness of the Paps.

Take of the Roots of Charvil, Knee-holm, Poly∣pody of the Oak, of each one Ounce; of the Leaves of Water-Hemp, Agrimo∣ny, of the Oak of Jerusa∣lem, of Maiden-hair, and Ground-Ivy, each one Handful; of the Seeds of Bastard-Saffron one Ounce, of the Roots of Florentine-Flower-de-luce, half an Ounce, of the Seeds of Danewort five Drams, of the Root of the Sweet-smelling Flag half an Ounce; boyl them in two Quarts of Fountain-water, to the Consumption of a third part; then strain it,

and add one Ounce and an half of Sena, and two Drams of Agarick; Me∣choacan and Turbith, each half an Ounce; of Yellow-Sanders one Dram and an half, of the Roots of Lesser Galanga one Dram; boyl them in a close Vessel two Hours, then strain the Li∣quor, and add two Ounces of the best Hony, clarified with the White of an Egg; make a purging Mead: The Dose is six or eight Ounces, twice or thrice a Week. This is proper in a Dropsie of the Breast.

Cherries, in Latin Ce∣rasus.

Cherries, when they are fresh, loosen the Belly; but when dry, they bind: Those that are sweet, purge; but they are offensive to the Stomach. Sharp and harsh Cherries are Binding. The distill'd Water of sharp Cherries, and the Cherries themselves extinguish Fe∣verish Heats, and quench Thirst, and create an Ap∣petite: And, preserv'd with Sugar, they are very grate∣ful to the Stomach, and reckon'd by the Women the best Sweet-Meats; but, by reason of the Abun∣dance of their Moisture, they cannot be kept long.

The Decoction of dried Cherries is excellent in Hi∣pocondriack Diseases; and many have been cur'd by this Remedy alone. Sweet Cherries are peculiarly good for Diseases in the Head, the Falling-sickness, Apoplexy and Palsie. A Lord that was seiz'd with an Apoplexy, and was speechless three Days, re∣cover'd his Speech by take∣ing Spirit of Cherries. In Stammering, and other Vi∣ces of Speech, wash the Mouth often with the Spi∣rit of Black-Cherries; for they are very Cephalick, and do much strengthen the Muscles of the Tongue and the Spirits design'd for their Use. The distill'd Water of sweet Black-Cherries is much com∣mended, and us'd for Chil∣dren's Convulsions. Take an equal quantity of this Water, and the Water of Lime-tree-flowers: The Dose is, an Ounce, or two

Ounces, according to the Age of the Child. Wines and Potions are prepar'd of Cherries several Ways; either by Distillation, or Infusion, or by mixing Su∣gar with the Juice, and fermenting it. In Italy they prepare a Potion with fresh Cherries, which they call Marasco; they drink it be∣fore it ferments: 'Tis sold there in Taverns in the Summer-time, and is count∣ed a good, cooling Liquor. The Oyl drawn from the Kernels, in a Press, is said to take Spots and Pimples from the Skin, by anoint∣ing it: And 'tis reckon'd good for the Gout, and Stone in the Kidnies and Bladder. The Gum of Cherries, diluted with Wine, cures inveterate Coughs, quickens the Sight, and provokes Appetite: 'Tis counted also Lithon∣triptick, drunk in Wine. Some, when they eat great quantities of Cherries, swal∣low the Stones to prevent Surfeits, which is a vulgar Errour; for, many times they lie long in the Sto∣mach, and do much hurt. The Livers of Sparrows grow very big at Cherry-time. The following Sorts of Cherries are much e∣steem'd here in England, (viz.) The May-Cherry, the Duke-cherry, the Arch-Duke-Cherry, the Flanders-Cherry, the Red-Heart-Cherry, the Carnation and the Amber-Cherry, the Bleeding-heart and the Naples, the Purple-Cherry, the Black Orleance, and the common Black-Cher∣ry, Luke Ward's Cherry, the Cluster-Cherry, the Dwarf-Cherry, and the Morello-Cherry.

Chesnut-tree, in Latin Castanea.

It is a great and stately Tree , as thick as an old Oak; so very large sometimes, that three Men, with their Arms extended, can scarce encompass the Trunk of it. It has many Branches, the small Twigs are of a Crimson Colour. It has a smooth Bark, spot∣ted, and blackish, and sometimes of an Ash-co∣lour, but chiefly the Extre∣mity of the Branches: And when the Tree is young, the Wood of it is strong and lasting; but yet it bends with a Burthen, and

cracks much in the Fire, and its Coals are soon ex∣tinguish'd. It has large Leaves, about two Inches broad, and in length about five; they are thin, wrink∣ly, and indented like a Saw, with many transverse Veins sticking on the Back, ex∣tended from the Middle-rib that is most remarkable. Long hanging Buds pre∣cede the Fruit, having yel∣low Tufts. The Cups are prickly, and like a Bur; within they are hairy, and as soft as Silk: They con∣tain two or three Nuts, some but one, ending sharp, from a broad Basis; they are about an Inch long, flat on one side, and bellying out on the other, and are in shape something like the Heart. The Nut is white, solid and hard, sweet and palatable; especially when it is roasted. It chiefly grows on Mountains, and Rising Grounds. There are Abundance of them in Italy, where the People that live on the Mountains eat little else. They bud at the Beginning of Spring; and soon after flower. The Fruit is ripe about the Lat∣ter End of September. The good Nuts are known from the bad, by putting them in Water; for, if they are sound and good they sink, but if otherwise they swim. We in England make of this Wood Bedsteads, Chairs, Tables, Chests, and other Furniture for Houses. In some Places beyond Sea they make Bread and Frumenty of the Flower of the Nuts; but such sort of coarse Diet is no way pleasing to the En∣glish, who (God be thank∣ed) have Plenty of whol∣som Food, and great Abun∣dance of all things necessa∣ry. They are either boyl'd whole in Water, or roasted on the Fire, or fry'd. In Italy the Gentry and Citi∣zens roast them under Ash∣es, and, having pill'd them, mix a little Sugar and Juice of Oranges or Limons with them, and so eat them for a Second Course. But, which way soever they are prepar'd, they are windy, and injurious to the Sto∣mach and Head, and to those that are subject to Cholical Pains, and the Stone. The Nuts are

astringent, and consequent∣ly do good in Fluxes of the Belly, and for Spitting of Blood. They are said to be good for Coughs, being eaten with Hony, fasting: As also is an Electuary pre∣par'd with the Flower of them and Hony. An E∣mulsion of Chesnuts, made with the Decoction of Li∣quorish, and a few White Poppy-seeds, is good for Heat of Urine.

Chick-weed, in Latin Alfine.

It cools and moist∣ens moderately; upon which Account it is good for Inflammations, and a∣gainst Heat, either taken inwardly, or outwardly ap∣plied, as Purslan, and the Lesser House-leek. 'Tis counted good for such as are in Consumptions, and wasting Conditions. Birds that are kept in Cages are much refreshed by this Herb, when they loath their Meat.

Common-Garden-Clary, in Latin Horminum.

The Stalk is two Foot high, and higher, about the bigness of the Little Finger, four∣square, stiff and hairy, and full of white Pith. The Leaves are large, hairy and whitish, very much wrink∣led; from a large Basis, they end by degrees in a blunt Point; they are somewhat indented about the Edges: They are plac'd on long Foot-stalks, espe∣cially the lower, which come out of the Earth; those of the Stalks are pla∣ced by Pairs, opposite to one another. The Flowers are set upon long Spikes, on the top of the Stalks and Branches; they are compos'd of many Whirls, they are of a light blue Colour. The Seed is pret∣ty large, and smooth, and of a brownish Colour. The Root is single, and woody, and consists of many Fi∣bres. The Smell of the whole Plant is very strong, the Taste is bitter. It grows in Gardens: It flow∣ers in June, or July.

Wine fermented with it is very agreeable to a cold Stomach. 'Tis also good for barren Women, and for those that are troubl'd with the Whites. The Herb

powder'd, and applied to the Nostrils, provokes Sneazing, and cures a Ca∣tarrh, and purges the Head. A Decoction of it in Wa∣ter provokes the Courses, and expels the After-birth. Cakes made of it are rec∣kon'd good to strengthen the Reins, and to stimulate Venery. The Musilage of the Seeds is proper for Dis∣eases of the Eyes. 'Tis al∣so said to be good for the Falling-sickness, and Mo∣ther-fits. The Seed put into the Eyes, takes away Motes.

Cloud-berry, Knot-ber∣ry, or Knout-berry, in Latin Chamamorus.

It rises up with slender, brownish Stalks, not a Foot high; set with four or five large Leaves, one above another, at se∣veral winged winged Joints, each of them divided into five parts, and each of them pretty much indented, and jagg'd, rough, and, as it were, crumpled: Each of them is plac'd on a long Foot-stalk, which at the Joints have two small pie∣ces, like Ears, set thereat. Every Stalk has one Flower set at the top of it, consist∣ing of five roundish, point∣ed Leaves, of a dark pur∣ple Colour; after which follows a large Berry, like a Mulberry, of a reddish Colour when ripe, and is of a sowrish sweet Taste. The Root creeps much, and far, shooting forth small Fibres at the knotty Joints, whereby it is fastned in the Ground; and from thence divers new Stalks shoot. 'Tis said, that in Norway they have so great an Opi∣nion of the Virtues of Knot-berry, for curing the Scurvy, and such like Dis∣eases, that they remove their Scorbutick People to a neighbouring Island, where only such inhabit; and there they are forc'd to abide till they recover their Health; and having no other Provision allow'd them, they feed on these Berries, whereby they are infallibly cur'd within a few Days. But this sort of Remedy can be only us'd in Summer-time.

Clowns-all-heal, in Latin Panax Coloni.

It has a jointed, creeping Root;

it bunches out. The Stalks are five or six Foot high, somewhat reddish, hairy, rough and four-square, and empty. The Leaves are placed at the Joints, by Pairs, opposite to one an∣other; they are sharp, hai∣ry, soft, except the Rib of the Under-side, which is reddish, and a little rough; they are indented about the Edges; they have a strong Smell, and bitterish Taste. The Flowers are spiked, and consist of seve∣ral Whirls; each of them is hooded, and purplish, The Lip is of several Co∣lours in the Cup of the Flower, which is short, and divided into five acute Pieces. The Seeds grow four by four, black, shining and triangular. It grows in watery Places, and near Rivers.

Our Gerard wonder∣fully extols the Efficacy of this Herb, in curing Wounds. He beats it up with Lard, and applies it to the fresh Wound. A Syrup made of it, is an excellent Remedy for Hoarsness.

Col••y-flower, in Latin Brasica florida.

This has the same Virtues with the Common Cabbage.

Common-Colts-foot, in Latin Tussilago.

The Leaves are roundish, have many Angles, and are like Butter-Bur-leaves, but much les∣ser; under whitish, above green; with a little Cotton upon them, which may be easily rub'd off with the Fingers: From the same come several Stalks, an Hand, and sometimes nine Inches high, concave red∣dish, and have Cotton on them, and little Leaves, much unlike those that come from the Root; namely, long, sharp, thin, and without Foot-stalks; plac'd alternately, and press'd to the Stalk. Each of them sustain a yellow Flower, consisting of abun∣dance of small Leaves. The Roots are small, and white, and creep much. The Flowers and Stalks wither soon, (but not in a Day or two, as some have said;) upon which Account, it has been supposed to have nei∣ther Flower, nor Cup.

It grows in watery Pla∣ces.

The fresh Leaves are ap∣plied outwardly to hot Ul∣cers, and Inflammations; but being dried, are pretty acrid, and hot. The Fume of them receiv'd into the Mouth, through a Tunnel, and swallow'd down, or smoak'd in a Tobacco-pipe, is good for a Cough, Dif∣ficulty of Breathing, and an Ulcer of the Lungs. A Syrup prepar'd of the Leaves, is good for the same Use. Mr. Boyle says, That the Leaves powder'd, with Saffron and Amber, and smoak'd in a Pipe, have cur'd a Consumption. The whitish Down which grows to the Root, being cleans'd from it, and wrap∣ped in a Rag, and boyl'd a little in Lee, adding a little Salt-Petre, and after dried in the Sun, makes the best Tinder. Take of the Leaves of Colts-foot, Ground-Ivy, Maiden-hair, Harts-horn rasp'd, Water-Hemp, Agrimony, of each one Handful; of the Roots of Charvil, and Butcher's Broom, each one Ounce; of the Seeds of Bastard. Saffron, of Sweet Fennel-Seed, each half an Ounce; boyl them in three Quarts of Fountain-water, to the Consumption of half; ad∣ding towards the End three Drams of Liquorish, and two Ounces of Raisins of the Sun ston'd, and six Ju∣jubes, or three Ounces of the best Hony clarified: Make an Apozem. The Dose is four Ounces, hot, twice or thrice in a Day. This is good for Coughs.

Columbine, in Latin Aquilegia.

The Seed can∣died, is commended for Obstructions of the Bowels, and for Giddiness. One Dram of the Seed pow∣der'd, and taken in Wine, with Saffron, cures the Jaundice, if the Sick keep in Bed, and sweat. The distill'd Water of it dis∣cusses inward Tumours, expels Poison, and eases the Gripes. The Seed of it finely powder'd, and ta∣ken in Wine, helps Delive∣ry: If the first Draught does not do the Business, repeat it. But it is most frequently us'd in Garga∣risms,

to cleanse the Teeth, and to cure the Scurvy, and Ulcers of the Mouth and Jaws. Take of the Leaves of Columbine two Handfuls, of White-Pep∣per one Dram; boyl them in a Quart of Posset-drink till half is wasted: Make a Gargarism.

Great-Comfrey, in La∣tin Cons••lida major.

It grows in moist and good Ground. The Root is thick, and full of Sprigs, and very clammy, and taste insipid. The Stalks are two Foot and an half high, and higher, a Finger thick, empty, hairy, and rough. The Flowers are many together, upon the Tops of the Stalks and Branches, of a pale-yellow Colour, and sometimes in∣cline to a Purple. The Leaves are sharp, wrinkly, prickly, equal about the Edges, and dispos'd in no Order. The Seeds are like the Seeds of Viper-Bugloss. It grows in watery Places, or near Rivers; and flow∣ers in May.

'Tis an excellent Wound-Herb, is Musilaginous and Thickning, and qualifies the Acrimony of the Hu∣mours. 'Tis used in all Fluxes, especially of the Belly; and for a Consum∣ption. The Flowers boyl'd in Red Wine, are very pro∣per for those that make a Bloody Urine. Outward∣ly applied, it stops the Blood of Wounds, and helps to unite broken Bones; wherefore 'tis cal∣led Bone-set. It eases the Pain of the Gout, and cures Eating-Ulcers: Take of the Root as much as you think convenient, beat it in a Mortar till it is reduc'd to a Mass; spread it on Leather, and apply it to the Part affected. This is excellent for Abating Gou∣ty Pains, and the Sciatica; and for Pains in the Arms; and has been also us'd for Venereal Pains, with good Success. Take of Com∣frey-Roots half a Pound, slice them, and put them into an Earthen Pipkin, with half a Pint of Alicant, and half a Pound of Loaf-Sugar; cover it with a Paper, and bake it in an Oven, as you do Apples:

Eat, Night and Morning, two or three Slices of the Comfrey, and take a Spoon∣ful or two of Syrup pre∣sently after. This was pre∣scrib'd for a Lady with Child, that had her Courses immoderately, by Doctor Willis. And it has cured several others.

Sea-Coralline, in Latin Corallina.

'Tis one, two, or three Inches high, hoa∣ry, and of an Ash-colour, sometimes yellowish, red∣dish, or whitish. It has a∣bundance of thin Branches, jointed sometimes, with small Twigs growing on the side. It smells like a Fish; the Taste also is salt∣ish, and unpleasant: It cracks between the Teeth, like Sand; and is easily re∣duc'd to Powder, by rub∣bing it with the Fingers. It grows upon Rocks, and on Shells and Stones near the Sea-side.

'Tis not soft when under Water, as Caesalpinus writes. Being grosly powder'd, it kills and expels Worms: Half a Dram is given to Boys, not Ten Years of Age; a Dram to grown People. This is much commended for the Worms: Take of Coralline and Cal∣cin'd Hearts-horn, each half a Scruple; of Virginia-Snake-weed one Scruple; make a Powder: Let the Child take a third part of it, Morning and Evening, in a small Draught of the white Decoction.

Female-Cornel, Dog-ber∣ry, or Gatter-tree, in Latin Cornus foemina.

It grows commonly in Hedges. The Wood of it is so very hard, especially when it is dry, that it can scarce be cut. Some People make Oyl of the Berries, for their Lamps.

Costmary, in Latin Bal∣samita mas.

The Roots grow oblique, like the Roots of Mint; they are round, and have many Fi∣bres. The Stalks are two or three Foot high, chan∣nel'd, branchy, and of a pale-green Colour. The Leaves are like the Leaves of Pepperwort, and of the same Colour with the Stalks; indented about the

Edges, but seldom jagged; it has a very strong Scent, and a very bitter Taste. On the top of the Branches are Umbles or Tufts of Golden yellow Flowers, somewhat like the Flowers of Tansie. The Seeds are small, oblong and flat. It grows in Gardens.

It cures the Crudities of the Stomach, Belchings, Vo∣mitings, and a Stinking Breath; the Gripes, Heart-burning, and Pain in the Head, that is occasion'd by Fumes from the Stomach: It opens Women's Obstru∣ctions, and is good in the Stone. The Juice and the Seed kill Worms. 'Tis sup∣posed to be peculiarly good against the Malignity of Opium, and other Poisons. It cures Wounds presently. An excellent Balsam for old Ulcers is prepar'd of this Herb and Adder's-tongue, boy'ld in Oyl of Olives; adding Wax and Rozen to bring it to a Con∣sistence.

Cowslips, in Latin Pa∣ralysis.

'Tis common in Pa∣stures, and flowers in April.

The Leaves and Flowers are us'd amongst Pot-herbs, and in Sallets; and are ve∣ry agreeable to the Head and Nerves. They are us'd in Apoplexies, Palsies, and Pains in the Joints. The Juice of the Flowers takes off Spots and Wrinkles from the Face, and other Vices of the Skin. The Water of the Flowers, the Conserve, and the Syrup are Anodine, and gently provoke Sleep; and are very proper Medicines for weakly People. The Juice of the Leaves and Flowers, mix'd with an equal quan∣tity of Red-Cow's Milk, cured an inveterate Head-ach, when other Medicines would do no good. Take of Cowslip-water two Oun∣ces, of the Syrup of White Poppies one Ounce, of the Juice of Limons fresh drawn, two Spoonfuls; make a Draught. This is commonly used at Bed∣time, to cause Sleep.

Common-Garden-Cresses, in Latin Nasturtium hortense.

It flowers in May and June; and, when the seed is ripe, withers quite away.

The Herb, especially the Seed, is acrid, and hot; for which Reason it opens, at∣tenuates, and cleanses. 'Tis chiefly used for the Swel∣ling of the Spleen, for Ob∣structions of the Courses, and to expel a dead Child. It cuts the Tartareous Mu∣silage of the Lungs, and is good in the Scurvy. 'Tis outwardly used, beat up with Lard, to cure Scabs in the Head, and other Parts of the Body. 'Tis used every where in Sal∣lets, with Lettice, and o∣ther Herbs: It qualifies the Coldness of the Lettice, and comforts the Stomach, and promotes Concoction by its Heat. For Lethar∣gies, and sleepy Diseases, there is nothing better than Cresses, either boyl'd, or eaten in Sallets. For Chil∣dren's Scabs, or Scalded Heads, nothing is so effe∣ctual and quick a Remedy as Garden-Cresses, beat up with Lard; for it makes the Scales fall in twenty four Hours, and perfectly cures them, if they conti∣nue the Use of it.

Water-Cresses, in Latin Nasturtium aquaticum.

It grows frequently in Brooks, and watery Places. It flow∣ers chiefly in July and Au∣gust, and sometimes before.

'Tis much us'd in the Spring-time, in Broths, to purifie the Blood. 'Tis good in the Stone; for it provokes Urine, it opens Women's Obstructions, and relieves those that are in Dropsies.

Spirit of Water-Cresses: Take a large quantity of Water-Cresses, beat them in a Marble Mortar, press out the Juice, dissolve some Leaven with it; make an Heap, and beat them well with your Hands; then put them in a convenient Place for eight Days, after∣wards distil the Spirit in B. M. The Dose is one Spoon∣ful, or two in Winter-time, for Scorbutical People. The Spirit of Celandine, Brook∣lime and Scurvy-grass may be made the same Way. Take of Water-Cresses and Brook-lime, each two hand∣fuls; Wood-Sorrel one Handful; bruise them, and put the Juice into a Pint of

White-wine; let it stand close stop'd till the Wine is clear: Take two Spoon∣fuls of the clear Wine in your Beer, every time you drink; continue the Use of this for the space of three Weeks. This is good for an hot Scurvy.

Cross-wort, or Mug∣weed, in Latin Cruciata.

It grows up in square, hairy, brown Stalks, about a Foot high; having four small, broad, and pointed; hai∣ry, yet smooth; yellowish green Leaves growing at every Joint, each against the other, cross-wise. The Flowers are of a pale-yel∣low Colour. Its Seeds are small, round and blackish; four, most commonly, in every Husk. The Root is very small, and full of Fi∣bres, or Threads, which spread much in the Ground, It grows amongst Bushes, and in Hedges.

It dries, is astringent, and one of the chief Vul∣neraries, inwardly taken, or outwardly applied. Drunk in Wine, it is good for Ruptures. It also ex∣pectorates Viscous Hu∣mours.

The Common Creeping Crow-foot, in Latin Ra∣nunculus pratensis.

The Root has many white Fibres. The Leaves are placed up∣on very long Foot-stalks, and have three Divisions, and are most like the Leaves of Smallage; they are cut in deep, and in∣dented about the Edges; hairy on both sides, of a dark-green Colour, and sometimes spotted with white. It has many small Stalks, round, hairy and concave, that creep on the Ground, and send down Roots from the Joints, by Intervals. The Flowers are placed upon long Foot∣stalks; they have five Leaves, are yellow, and shine as if they were var∣nish'd. Many Seeds suc∣ceed the Flowers; all joyn'd together, make a a Bur: They are black when they are ripe. It grows in moist Grounds.

This Sort is not at all acrid, and therefore may be applied to the Body

without Danger. The Ger∣man-Women eat them in April, when they are ten∣der, with other Herbs.

Round-rooted, or Bulbous Crow-foot, in Latin Ra∣nunculus bulbosus.

The Leaves and Flowers are like the former: It differs from it in these six Things; 1. The Root is bulbous. 2. The Stalks are upright, and do not creep at all. 3. The Leaves upon the upper Stalks are cut into smaller and longer Jags. 4. The Leaves of the Cup, when the Flower opens, are turn'd back to the Foot-stalk. 5. It flowers earlier. Lastly, The Heads of the Seeds are a little longer, and each Seed not prickly at the top, as is every Seed of the Creeping Crow-foot. There are o∣ther Differences, but these may suffice for the Distin∣ction of them. This grows every where in Pastures, and is too frequent there.

This is called Devil's Crow-foot by Tragus. Beg∣gars make Soars upon their Flesh with this Plant, to move Compassion. The Water of the Root, or the Infusion made in Spirit of Wine, is praised in the Plague. The Root of it burns violently, and there∣fore must be used only ex∣ternally. 'Tis of excellent Use for eating down, and drying up hard Tumours. It takes off long Warts, and the like. Camerarius says, That if the Root be kept dry a Month, it becomes sweet. Nicholas Chesneaw commends the Juice of Crowfoot (I suppose he means the Bulbous) in Head-aches, which (says he) wonderfully moves the Pain, when it possesses a little Space. Chuse that Sort whose Leaves are like the Leaves of Anemony, and bites the Tongue when chewed; beat the Leaves of it in a Marble Mortar; and having applied a Pla∣ster with an Hole in it, as is made use of in the Ap∣plication of a Caustick, put it on the pain'd Part, and apply the Leaves, beaten, with the Juice in them, in the Hole of the Plaster; and then put another Pla∣ster over, to keep them in;

and in the spaee of two Hours it will open the Skin, especially if the Herb be gather'd in a Place where the Sun shines. Note, The Hair must be shaved, and you must take care not to apply it near the Eyes. He mentions many Observations of the Cure of the Head-ach by this Medicine. He used it in the Gout, with the same Success. A Priest, says he, that had kept his Bed three Years with the Gout, and was not able to walk, was cured by applying Crowfoot to the Part most pained, after the Manner above-mention'd. One that was seized with the Plague, and was in great danger, was cured by two Issues made in the Groin with the Leaves of Crow-foot, he having a Bubo there.

Ivy-leav'd, Water-Crow-foot, in Latin Ranunculus aquaticus, or Hederaceus al∣bus.

The Stalks of it are round, solid, lie along, and are jointed; from the Joints whereof, the Plant spreads it self much, by many white Fibres. The Leaves are placed at the Joints, with pretty long Foot-stalks; they are triangular, and somewhat like Ivy-leaves; they are smooth, shining, and sometimes have a black Spot upon them. The Flowers grow on the Stalks, opposite to the Leaves; they are small, and have five sharp Leaves. The Cup is divided into five parts, and is white. An Head of Seeds succeed the Flowers, of the bigness of the common Vetch: The Seeds are not sharp. It grows plentifully in Brooks, and Ditches that have Wa∣ter in them; especially on Sandy Ground.

The following Medicine is excellent for the Scurvy and Dropsie: Take of the Tops of Alder, Ivy-leav'd-Water-Crow-foot and Sage, each one Handful; infuse them one Night in White-wine, and drink the Infu∣sion.

Cuckow-pintle, in La∣tin Arum.

It has a Tube∣rous Root, and sends its Fibres every way into the Earth. The Leaves are

oblong, triangular, smooth at top, and shining below, and have sometimes black Spots upon them. The Taste of the Root and Leaf is very biting. The Stalk is about an Hand high, on the top whereof the naked Pestel comes out, from a long, membranaceous Sheath, and is oblong, and of a dark-purple Colour. The Ber∣ries are of a Vermilion Co∣lour. The Roots, when they are young, yield a Milky Juice.

The Root, especially of that which is spotted, green, or dry, taken to the quan∣tity of a Dram, is an ex∣cellent Remedy for Poyson, and in the Plague. Some add to it the like quantity of Treacle. The Root boyl'd, and mix'd with Hony, cures all Flegma∣tick Humours of the Breast, and is good for an Asthma. It cures Ruptures, and pro∣vokes Urine. Women use the distill'd Water of the Root, to beautifie their Faces; but the Juice of the Root, set in the Sun, is much better. The dried Root is an excellent Medi∣cine for the Scurvy; and is full as effectual in cold Diseases of the Spleen, and Stomach; especially for Wind. The Country-Peo∣ple about Maidstone, in Kent, use the Herb and Root, instead of Soap. The Compound-Powder of Wake-Robin is as fol∣lows: Take of the Roots of Wake-Robin, powder'd, two Ounces; of the Roots of Sweet-smelling Flag, Pimpernel and Saxifrage, each one Ounce; of Crabs-eyes half an Ounce, of Cin∣namon three Drams, of Salt of Wormwood, and Juniper, each one Dram: Make a Powder.

Cucumber, in Latin Cucumis.

The Seed of it is one of the four greater cold Seeds. It cleanses, o∣pens, and provokes Urine. 'Tis frequently used in E∣mulsions for Pleurisies, and the Stone in the Kidnies. The Flower of it is rec∣kon'd good to clear the Skin. 'Tis generally rec∣kon'd, that the Substance of Cucumber is cold and moist, and of an Excremen∣titious Juice; and therefore

to be used only by those, whose Stomachs are strong: But I, says Schroder, tho' my Stomach is not very strong, having liv'd a Seden∣tary Life, have eaten plenti∣fully of Cucumbers, for many Years, as long as they are in Season, and fit to eat; yet never received the least In∣jury or Inconvenience by them, though I am now Sixty Years of Age. And when I was at Florence, and had a Fever there, an English Physician prescribed the Pulp of Cu∣cumber in Broth for me; whereby I was much refresh∣ed, and relieved. But when they are eaten raw, they must be cut into thin Slices, and sprinkled with Salt, and beat betwixt two Dish∣es, so that the Watery Hu∣mour may be drained from them: After add Vinegar, Pepper and Oyl to them: And being so order'd, they are very grateful to the Pa∣late, and Stomach; and, undoubtedly, not unwhol∣som. The small ones, pic∣kled with Salt, Pepper and Vinegar, Dill and Cloves, are kept all the Year; and are very good to provoke Appetite, and cool an hot Stomach.

Wild-Cucumber, in Latin, Cucumis silvestris.

Elaterium is made of the Juice of it pressed out, and inspissated. It purges Flegm and Watery Humours, up∣wards and downwards. It moves the Courses, and kills the Child in the Womb; wherefore it is seldom used; especially, for that it is accompanied with Malignity. 'Tis the most durable of all Juices, for it is supposed to conti∣nue good above an hun∣dred Years. A certain Em∣perick cured several People of Dropsies, by giving them two Pills, of the bigness of a Vetch, made of Wheaten Flower and this Juice: Af∣terwards he washed their Legs with a Lotion, made of the Stalks; and then he gave the Pills again, and so perfected the Cure.

Common-Cudweed, in Latin Gnaphalium vulgare majus.

Many small Stalks arise from the same Root, about half a Foot, or nine Inches high, upright, hoary, downy, branchy at top. It has many Leaves, disor∣derly placed, downy, nar∣row,

and oblong, much less than the Leaves of Laven∣der, press'd to the Stalks for the most part, where∣unto they grow without Foot-stalks. Among the Leaves grow small Flow∣ers, of a brownish yellow Colour. After the Flowers, come small Seeds, wrap'd in Down. It grows every where, in dry and barren Grounds.

The distill'd Water of it is of excellent use for Can∣cers, especially of the Breast; for it hinders their Growth, and prevents their Breaking, Rags being dip∣ped in it, and applied to them. But some dip the Leaves of Asarabacca in the Water, and apply them to Cancers. 'Tis of a dry∣ing and astringent Nature. The Country-people in the West of England use the Herb infus'd in Oyl, to take off Black and Blue Bruises and Stripes. It al∣so stops the Courses.

Currant-bush, in Latin Ribes.

Currants are cold and moist, and provoke Appetite, allay the Heat of the Stomach, quench Thirst; and therefore are good in Fevers. They tem∣per the Heat of the Liver, and Choler; and resist Pu∣trefaction.

Cypress-trees, in La∣tin Cupressus.

The Wood of Cypress is very lasting: The Doors of the Temple of Ephesus were made of it, and lasted four Ages: And the Gates of St. Peter at Rome were made of this Wood, and continued sound and fresh from the Time of Constantine the Great, to Eugenius, the fourth Pope; which was about Six hundred Years. 'Tis used in making Ta∣bles, and Chests, and Mu∣sical Instruments, and the like. It has a very curious Smell, which continues to many Ages. The Fruit and Leaves are dry and astringent. The Decoction of the Leaves in sweet Wine, helps the Strangury, and a Cough, Short-wind∣edness, Fluxes of the Belly, Spitting of Blood, and Ruptures. The Powder of the Leaves provokes Urine. The Leaves beaten with

Figs, soften Tumours, and are good in the King's-Evil, applied outwardly. Take of the Tops of Cypress eight Handfuls, of the Whites of Eggs beaten two Pints, of Cinnamon half an Ounce; cut them small, and pour upon them four Quarts of New Milk; distil them carefully in a common Still: Take six Ounces of the Wa∣ter thrice a Day. This is used in a Diabetes.

D.

WIld English D••ffadil, in Latin Narcissus Anglicus.

The Root is bul∣bous, composed of many Coats of a moderate Big∣ness; it tastes and feels clammy, 'tis sweetish, but leaves behind it some Bit∣terness. The Leaves are long▪ of a Light-green. The Stalk is an Hand or nine Inches high, channel'd, and hollow; upon the top of which is one Flower, bend∣ing downward, about two Inches long, consisting of six pale Leaves. The Seed is at first broadish, and af∣terwards round. It grows in several Places near Hedges, especially in moist Ground, and in Woods.

The Root is Vomitive. The Leaves bruised, are proper in an Erisipelas.

The Greater Wild White Daisies, in Latin Bellis major.

The Root is fibrous, and creeping, of an acrid Taste; sending forth many Stalks, nine Inches high, or higher, five-angled, solid, branching; and it has ma∣ny oblong, fat and indent∣ed Leaves, with obtuse Points. The Flowers cast forth Beams of Brightness; they are white in the Cir∣cumference, in the middle yellow, and large; com∣posed of many small, yel∣low Flowers, divided into five little Pieces, with a small Pillar in the middle of each. The Leaves of the Cups have a blackish Fringe. It flowers in May and June. It grows fre∣quently in Pastures.

The whole Herb, Stalks, Leaves and Flowers, boyl'd in Posset-drink, and drunk,

is accounted an excellent Remedy for an Asthma, Consumption, and Diffi∣culty of Breathing. 'Tis very good in Wounds and Ulcers, taken inwardly, or outwardly applied. A De∣coction of the Herb cures all Diseases that are occa∣sion'd by drinking cold Beer when the Body is hot.

The Lesser Daisie, or Common Wild Daisie, in La∣tin Bellis minor.

It grows in Meadows and Pastures.

There is some Difference amongst Writers, about the Temperament of this Plant. Some say, it is hot and dry: Others say, it is cold and moist. But its sharp Taste argues Frigidity; and the Effects of it, Siccity. Both the Greater and the Lesser are excellent Wound-herbs. 'Tis used outwardly in Pla∣sters and Fomentations, and inwardly in Vulnerary Potions; and upon that Account it is called in the Shops, the Lesser Comfrey. Women usually give the Herb and the Flower to Children, to loosen their Bellies. The Roots are used outwardly, with very good Success, in the King's-Evil. 'Tis commonly re∣ported, that the Roots of the Lesser Daisie, boyl'd in Milk, and given to Whelps, hinder their Growth. Take of the Lesser Daisie, Com∣frey, Marshmallows, each three Handfuls; Clivers two Handfuls, Liquorish one Ounce, half an Ounce of Anniseeds, four Nut∣megs; boyl all, being shred, sliced and bruis'd, in six Pints of Water, till half is wasted; after strain it, and dissolve in it four Ounces of Sugar, and clarifie it. This is good in Ulcers of the Bladder.

Dandalyon, in Latin Dens-leonis.

It has many long Leaves, much jagged, lying on the Ground; the Middle-rib is white, and full of bitter Milk. The Root is as thick as a Little Finger, and is full of Milk. The Stalks are naked, and empty, and sometimes hai∣ry: Each of them bears, at the top, a large, yellow Flower. The Down at the top is as round as a Ball, and is soon blown away

by the Wind, or Breath. It grows commonly in Gardens, Courts and Mea∣dows.

'Tis Epatick, and much of the same Virtue with Endive; and is also Diu∣retick. Take of fresh Horse-dung four Ounces, of Carduus-water one Pint and an half; make an In∣fusion over a gentle Fire, in a close Vessel, two Hours; then strain the Li∣quor, and add to it two Ounces of the Syrup of Dandalyon, and a Dram of the Spirit of Sal-Almo∣niack: The Dose is five or six Spoonfuls, three or four times a Day. This is very good in Pleurisies, and o∣ther Diseases that proceed from the Clamminess of the Blood, and from its be∣ing coagulated.

Dane-wort, in Latin Ebulus.

'Tis neither Tree, nor Shrub, but rather an Herb; but it is so like El∣der, that it is called Dwarf-Elder. 'Tis seldom so high as a Man, but most-com∣monly three Foot high, and no higher. The Stalk is green, and channel'd, and full of Pith, like Elder; which withers in Winter. The Leaves are whiter and greater than those of the common Elder, long, and broad, and cut in the Edges like a Saw. The Leaves are placed by Couples, and smell strong. The Flowers are white, tip'd with red; and grow at the top of the Stalks, in Tufts. The Ber∣ries are black. The Root is long, and of the thick∣ness of a Finger, not woo∣dy. It spreads much, and grows commonly near High-ways, and Ditches, and Church-yards. It flow∣ers in June, or July; and the Betries are ripe in Au∣gust and September.

'Tis said to have the same Virtues with Elder, but they are stronger. The Bark and Seeds purge Wa∣ter; wherefore they are good in Dropsies, and other Diseases arising from wa∣tery Humours. The Root likewise purges very strong∣ly. The Leaves of it, as well as those of Elder, ap∣plied to Burns, cure them. In Diseases of the Spleen,

Take four Ounces of the distill'd Waters of the Roots, for the space of ten or twelve Days, fasting. Take of the Roots of Dwarf-Elder, of our Flow∣er-de-luce, each one Ounce and an half; of the Leaves of Soldanella, and Hedge-Hyssop, each one Handful; of the Roots of Asarabacca and Wild Cucumbers, each two Ounces; of the Lesser Galangal six Drams, of choice Jalap half an Ounce, of Elaterium three Drams, of Cubebs two Drams; slice and bruise them, and pour upon them three Pints of small Spirit of Wine Tartariz'd; digest them in a close Vessel, in a Sand-Furnace, two Days; strain it, and let it stand till it is clear: Take two or three Spoonfuls, in a proper Ve∣hicle. This is an excellent Purge in a Dropsie.

Darnel, in Latin Lo∣lium album.

The Root is very fibrous. The Straws are two or three Foot high, like the Wheat-straw, but a little less. They have four or five Knots, at each whereof are the Leaves; they are narrower and greener than the Blade of Wheat; they shine, and are smooth, fat, channel'd, and are spiky. The Grain is less than Wheat, and is in∣cluded in a single, brown Husk. It grows too much amongst Wheat.

'Tis hot and dry: It attenuates, resolves and cleanses. Being mix'd with Malt, it makes the Beer heady: And mix'd with Bread, it occasions great Dulness. It offends the Eyes, by sending ill Va∣pours into the Head. The Flower of it, mix'd with other Medicines, is com∣mended by the Ancients for putrid Ulcers, the Itch, the Leprosie, the King's Evil, Gangreens, and the Hip-Gout.

Dill, in Latin Anethum.

'Tis very like Fennel, yet it differs from it in many things: The Root is an∣nual; the Stalk is less, and and lower, for it is rare∣ly three Foot high; the Leaves are lighter colour'd, and smell stronger, and not so pleasant; the Seed is

broader, of an acrid Taste, and not so pleasant as that of Fennel; the Tufts of Flowers are yellow, but not so large. It grows in Gardens, and springs year∣ly from its Seed: But it grows no where sponta∣neously in England, as I know of.

The Herb, but especial∣ly the Seed, digests, dis∣cusses and ripens Tumours, increases Milk, disposes to Sleep, lessens Venery, cures Vomiting, and the Hic∣kops. 'Tis said to be of∣fensive to the Eyes; which seems strange to me, for that it is very like Fennel, both in Quality, and out∣ward Appearance; and it expels also Wind: And Fennel is allow'd by all to be good for the Eyes. The tender Tops, and the Root, when fresh, provoke Urine, and so very good for those that are afflicted with the Stone.

Our People are wont to put the Seeds and Leaves into Pickle of Cucumbers, to better the Taste and Smell, and to correct the Coldness. Take of the Oyl of the Seeds of Dill four Drops, of Oyl of Almonds half an Ounce; mingle them for a Draught. This is excellent for the Hic∣kops, when they proceed from a cold Cause.

Dittander, in Latin Lepidium latifolium.

The Root is of a Finger's thick∣ness, and thicker, white, of an acrid and hot Taste, which soon vanishes. It creeps in the Earth. It has many Stalks four Foot high, sound, smooth, and full of Pith; branchy, less than the Little Finger, and co∣ver'd with Sky-colour'd Dust, which may be easily wiped off. The Leaves are long and broad, but end sharp; they are smooth, fat, of a dull green Colour, and plac'd alternately; they are indented about the Edges: Those which come from the Root, and are on the bottom of the Stalk, are prop'd by long Foot-stalks. The little Flowers are plac'd on the top of the Stalks and Branches; they consist of three white Leaves; there are many

of them. The small Seed-vessels succeed the Flow∣ers; they are fat, and pointed. Gardiners dislike it, because it spreads so much.

The Women in Suffolk boyl it in Beer, to facilitate Delivery. The Herb is a∣crid. The Root eases the Pain of the Teeth.

Sharp-pointed Dock, with curled Leaves, in Latin La∣pathum acutum crispum.

The Root is single, and has sometimes Sprigs; it grows deep in the Earth; without brown, and with∣in yellow. The Leaves are narrow and long, and of a dull colour, curl'd, and crooked about the Edges, especially near the Foot-stalks. The Flowers are small, hanging down upon long Foot-stalks, and many Whirls. The Seed is of a Chesnut-colour. It grows on untill'd Grounds, and in Courts; especially in moist Places.

Sharp-pointed Dock, in Latin Lapathum acutum.

The Leaves are shorter than the former; the Low∣er grow narrow by de∣grees, from a broad Be∣ginning, and are less than the other. The Stalk is small, stiff, and sometimes crooked. The Whirls of the Flowers are not so thick; the Flowers are smaller, and the Seeds not half so large. It grows in moist Places, and near Wa∣ter; and commonly in Ditches, and Hedges.

The Root of Sharp∣pointed Dock is much commended for the Itch: And, infus'd in Beer, is excellent for the Scurvy, and the Jaundice. The Powder of the Seeds strengthen the Liver, and stop all Fluxes of the Belly.

Provide four Gallons of Small Ale; instead of Hops, boyl in it three Handfuls of the Tops of Pines, or Firr; after it has done Working in the Vessel, put into a Canvas-bag three Handfuls of Scurvy-grass, four Oun∣ces of the Root of Sharp-pointed Dock prepar'd, and the Peels of four Oranges; hang the Bag in the Vessel, with something to sink the

Bag: After it has stood a Week, and is clear, drink of it for your ordinary Drink. This is frequently used for the Scurvy, and is an excellent Diet-drink.

The Dock called Monk's-Rubarb, or Garden-patience, in Latin Hippo-lapathum.

'Tis sometimes as high as a Man. The Stalk is channel'd, and reddish; a∣bove it is divided into ma∣ny Sprigs. The Leaves are a Foot, or a Foot and an half broad, and point∣ed; of a dull green Co∣lour. The Root is thick, long, and has many Fibres, and of a Saffron-colour. The Leaves come out in March, and it flowers a∣bout June.

The Root purges Cho∣ler, and watery-Humours. Take of the dried Root one Dram, of Ginger one Scru∣ple: Those that use it for Rubarb take a double quantity. The Root expels Gravel: Take Dock-roots prepar'd and Polypody, each one Ounce; Sena ten Drams, Rubarb six Drams, Monks-Rubarb five Drams, Yellow Sanders two Drams, Salt of Wormwood, and Scurvy-grass, each one Dram; cut and bruise them, and put them into a Glass, with Snail-water and White-wine, each one Pint and an half; stop the Glass, and set it in a Cellar twen∣ty four Hours: Take six Ounces of it, or more, ac∣cording as it works, every Morning. This is good for the Itch.

Dodder, in Latin Cus∣cuta.

This fawning Para∣site, and ungrateful Guest▪ hugs the Herb it hangs up∣on, with its long Threads, and reddish Twigs; and so closely embraces it, that at length it defrauds the ho∣spitable Herb of its Nou∣rishment, and destroys it by its treacherous Embra∣ces. It has no Leaves. The Flowers are placed thick, at several Distances, or Intervals: Each of them consists of four small, acute Leaves, that are thick, and full of Juice. This Plant has no need of a large De∣scription; for it is distin∣guish'd from all other Plants, by having no

Leaves, nor Root, when it is grown up; consisting only of long Threads, by which it encompasses the neighbouring Plants, and sucks away their Nourish∣ment. Upon which Ac∣count the Country-people in Sussex call it Hell-weed, or The Devil's Guts. And so much for the Vices of this Plant.

'Tis suppos'd to partici∣pate of the Plant it adheres to: So that which grows to Broom is reckon'd Diu∣retick; that is counted moist, which sticks to Flax; that astringent, which climbs Madder; that which grows on Nettles, is very Diuretick. 'Tis hot, dry, and cleansing: It opens Ob∣structions, and purges Me∣lancholy; is of good use in the Itch, for the Black Jaundice, and Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen. But that which grows on Nettles is prefer'd before all the other in Physick. Take of Dodder of Thime, and of Rubarb, each one Dram and an half; of Se∣na three Drams, of Yellow Sanders half a Dram, of Coriander-seeds two Scru∣ples, of Salt of Wormwood half a Dram, of Celtick Spike one Scruple; infuse them in a close Vessel all Night, in four Ounces of White-wine, and Water of Apples: To five Ounces of the strain'd Liquor, add six Drams of Syrup of Dod∣der of Thyme, and two Drams of Aqua-mirabilis; mingle them, and make a Potion: For those that are difficult to purge, add a Dram, or two Drams, of the Fibres of Black Helle∣bore, infus'd in Vinegar. This is an excellent Purge for melancholy People.

Common Drop-wort, or Filipendula, in Latin Fili∣pendula.

It has many Roots; black without, and white within. The Fibres of it are bulbous. It has many Leaves at the Roots; they are long, wing'd, and indented almost like Bur∣net-Saxifrage. The Stalk is most commonly single, upright, nine Inches or a Foot high, or higher, chan∣nell'd branchy, with a few Leaves on it. The Flow∣ers are placed on the top

of the Stalk, in a Tuft; they smell sweet, and are white; they consist of se∣ven Leaves. Eleven or twelve Seeds, more or less, are placed in the form of a Star. It grows in Mea∣dows, and Hilly Pastures.

The Root attenuates, and is somewhat astrin∣gent. A Decoction of it provokes Urine, and ex∣pels Gravel: It cures the Heat of Urine, and takes off the Difficulty of it. The Powder of the Root, and the Juice of it, is com∣mended by some, in the Falling-Sickness: 'Tis ex∣cellent for the Whites, and the immoderate Flux of the Child-bed-Purgations: The Dose is, one Dram of the Root in Wine. It also cures the Bloody Flux, and Ruptures.

Common Dove's-foot, or Crane's-bill, in Latin Ge∣ranium Columbinum vulgare.

It has several small, round, pale-green Leaves, cut in about the Edges, like Mal∣lows: They are placed up∣on long, reddish, hairy Stalks, lying on the Ground; among which rise up two or three, or more, reddish, jointed, slender, weak and hairy Stalks, with some such like Leaves thereon, but smaller, and more cut in. It has many very small, bright, red Flowers, of five Leaves a-piece; after which follow small Heads, with small, short Beaks, pointing forth, as all other Sorts of this Kind of Herbs have.

'Tis very Vulnerary, ei∣ther outwardly applied, or taken inwardly. It stops a Flux of Blood, and resolves coagulated Blood: It clean∣ses Wounds and Ulcers: It expels Gravel; and eases the Pain of the Cholick. The Powder of the Root and Leaves taken, in Wine, is very effectual for curing Ruptures.

The Dove's-foot, cal∣let Herb-Robert, and in La∣tin Geranium Robertianum,

has the same Virtues with this above-describ'd.

Dragons, in Latin Dra∣contium.

'Tis easily known, being speckl'd like a Snake. It flowers in July.

'Tis hot and dry, astrin∣gent, and of an acrid Taste. 'Tis something of the Na∣ture of Cuckow-pint. 'Tis good in Coughs, Catarrhs, and Convulsions. The Leaves are good for Ulcers, and Venomous Bitings. The distill'd Water is good in the Plague, and Pestilen∣tial Fevers. Take of Dra∣gon-water, and Wood-Sor∣rel-water, each four Oun∣ces; of Compound-Scor∣dium-water two Ounces; of Treacle-water, and Be∣zoartick-water, each one Ounce; of Prepar'd Pearl one Dram, of Syrup of Gillyflowers two Ounces, of Spirit of Vitriol twelve Drops; make a Julep: The Dose is three Ounces often in a Day. This is used in the Plague.

Duck's-meat, in Latin Lenticula palustris.

This grows in Standing-waters, and is full of shining, round Leaves, green above, and black below. They are joyn'd together with white, small Threads. It often covers all the Water it grows in.

'Tis Cooling, and good in Inflammations. It also cures Children's Ruptures. An Infusion of it in White∣wine cures the Jaundice infallibly, six Ounces of it being taken every Morn∣ing, for nine Days, Ducks feed upon it very much.

E.

EArth-nut, in Latin Bulbocastanum.

The Root is Tuberous, white, and solid; with small Fi∣bres at the Bottom and Sides: It has a sweetish and pleasant Taste: It grows deep in the Ground. The Leaves are cut more sharp than the Leaves of Parsley. The Stalk is sin∣gle, round, channel'd, with one Leaf growing to it: Most commonly, before it divides it self into Branch∣es, at every Division of the Stalk a Leaf is plac'd, much more cut than those that rise from the Root. The Flowers are white, and ve∣ry small. This is one of the Umbeliferous Plants; so called, because they sus∣tain

their Flowers by long Foot-stalks, in a Circle. The Seeds are small, and somewhat long, of a Ches∣nut-colour. It flowers at the Latter End of May, or Beginning of June; and grows frequently in San∣dy and Gravelly Pastures. When the Seed is ripe, the Superficies withers imme∣diately, the Root remain∣ing in the Ground.

Our Country-people eat the Root raw; but when it is pill'd, and boyl'd in fresh Broth, with a little Peper, it is pleasant Food, and very nourishing, and stimulates Venery. Being mix'd with Medicines, it helps those that spit Blood, and void a Bloody Urine.

Egglentine, or Sweet-Bryer, in Latin Rosa silve∣stris odora.

It needs no De∣scription, its curious Smell will not let it be un∣known.

The Virtues of the Flow∣ers are much the same with Garden-Roses, but more a∣stringent; wherefore they are of excellent use in Fluxes of the Womb. The Fruit of it is much com∣mended for its Lithontri∣ptick Virtue. The Heads, when they are ripe, con∣tain a Pulp of a pleasant, acid Taste, which, without doubt, is very useful in Fe∣vers, and to provoke Ap∣petite. The Conserve of it is commonly kept in the Shops, and is very good for the hot Scurvy, and for Spitting of Blood. The Root is good for the Biting of a Mad Dog, a sort of a Sponge grows from the Branches when they are broken or hurt, which is of a reddish Colour; which laid on the Pillow, disposes to Sleep. The Ashes of it cure the Heat of Urine, and kill Worms. Take of the Conserve of Hips, and Wood-Sorrel, each one Ounce; Con∣serve of Berberies half an Ounce, Cream of Tartar one Dram; make an Ele∣ctuary, with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of Li∣mons: Take the quan∣tity of a Nutmeg thrice a Day. This is good in Fevers.

Elder, in Latin Sambu∣cus.

Martin Blockwitz wrote a whole Book of the Vir∣tues and Use of the Elder; the Title of it is, The Ana∣tomy of the Elder. The inner Bark of the Elder purges watery Humours; where∣fore it is good in Dropsies. The tender Leaves boyl'd in Wine, is likewise very good for the same purpose, and more convenient for weakly People. The in∣ner Bark, applied to Burns, takes out the Fire. The Flowers discuss, mollifie and dissolve, and are Su∣dorifick and Anodine. Vi∣negar, wherein the Flow∣ers have been infus'd, is very agreeable to the Sto∣mach, and excites Appe∣tite; and it cuts and atte∣nuates gross and crude Hu∣mours. The Berries are Alexipharmick, and Sudo∣rifick. The Spirit drawn from the Berries, provokes Sweat, and therefore good in Fevers. The Wine made of the Juice of them, or the Juice mix'd with White or Rhenish-Wine, does much Good in Dropsies. The Seeds cleanse, and purge violently by Vomit and Stool. A Decoction of the middle Bark, with Syrup of Poppies, promotes Sweat. But note, That Narcoticks, mix'd with Sweating Medicines, do much provoke Sweating. For Swellings in the Feet, take of the Leaves as much as is sufficient, boyl them in Oyl, with Salt, and fo∣ment them with it. In St. Anthony's Fire, a Fo∣mentation is frequently u∣sed, made of two Parts of Elder-water, and one of Spirit of Wine. This is commonly us'd in London, with good Success. My Father makes an Ointment of the Red-Lead-Plaster and Oyl of Elder, which he frequently uses for Burns: And I have found it very successful also in other Inflammations.

Elecampane, in Latin Helenium.

Many Leaves, long and broad, come from the Root, and bend to∣wards the Earth; they are acute at both Ends, above of a pale Green, under hoary, indented about the Edges. They have short Foot-stalks, from the Centre

whereof the Stalks rise, sometimes one, sometimes more; they are streight, hairy and reddish, five or six Foot high, with some Leaves thereon, compassing them about at the Lower Ends; they are branched towards the tops, and bear great, large Flowers, like those of our Marigold, of a Golden Colour. The Root is very thick, with∣out brown, within white, and of an Aromatick Taste, and smells sweet and plea∣santly, especially when dri∣ed. It grows in moist Meadows, and Pastures; but it is not common. It flowers in June and July.

The fresh Root being candied, or dried, and powder'd, mix'd with Ho∣ny or Sugar, is very good in a Difficulty of Breath∣ing, an Asthma, and an old Cough. Being taken after Supper, it helps Conco∣ction. It is also commend∣ed as an excellent Preser∣vative against the Plague. Being taken in the Morn∣ing, it forces Urine, and the Courses. Half a Pint of White-wine, wherein the slic'd Roots have been infus'd three Days, taken in the Morning fasting, cures the Green-sickness. A Decoction of the Root, taken inwardly, or out∣wardly applied, is com∣mended by some for Con∣vulsions, Contusions, and the Hip-Gout. The Roots boyl'd in Wine, or the fresh Juice infus'd in it, and drunk, kills and expels Worms. Wine that is eve∣ry where prepar'd with this Root in Germany, and often drunk, wonderfully quickens the Sight. Ele∣campane distill'd in com∣mon Water, yields a Vola∣tile Salt, that smells, and has the same Virtue with Salt of Harts-horn. Take of the Roots of Elecam∣pane, well cleans'd from the Fibres, as much as you please; boyl them in Wa∣ter till they are salt, and pulp them through a Sieve; whereof take one Part, and of Hony two Parts; boyl them to the Consumption of the Moisture. This is a Preservative against the Plague. Take of the Roots of Elecampane, Oris and Liquorish, each one Dram;

of the Flowers of Sulphure two Drams, Hony a suffi∣cient quantity to make an Electuary, Oyl of Sulphure ten Drops; make a Lin∣ctus. This is good for an inveterate Cough.

Elm, in Latin Ʋlmus.

The Leaves, the Branches, and the Bark, are astrin∣gent. The Leaves cure Wounds. And, rub'd with Vinegar, they are good for a Leprosie. The Bark boil∣ed in Fountain-water, al∣most to the Consistence of a Syrup, and the third part of Aquavitae mix'd with it, is an excellent Remedy for the Hip-Gout, if the Part affected be fomented with it before the Fire. The Water in the Bladders up∣on the Leaves clears the Skin, it being wash'd with it; and it betters the Com∣plexion. It helps Bursten∣ness in Children, Clothes being wet in the Water, and applied; but a Truss must be kept on also. Take of the Bark of Elm six Drams, of the Root of Liquorish half a Dram, of Raisins of the Sun ston'd number twenty, of Red Roses two Pugils; boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Wa∣ter, to a Pint and an half; dissolve in it of Hony of Roses, and Simple Oxymel, each two Ounces; make a Gargarism.

Endive, in Latin Endi∣via.

The Root is fibrous, and full of Milk. The long, broad Leaves like on the Earth, they are like the Leaves of Lettice; some∣times indented about the Edges. The Stalk is two or three Foot high, smooth, channel'd, empty, and has many Branches, and is crooked; being cut, it yields a Milk. The Flow∣ers come from the Wings of the Leaves; they are Sky-colour'd, and like the Leaves of Wild-Succory. It grows in Gardens.

'Tis Cooling, and the Water of it is used in Fe∣vers and Inflammations.

Eringo, or Sea-Holly, in Latin Eringium marinum.

The Roots are very long, and spread much; they have an Aromatick Taste. The Leaves are placed up∣on

long Foot-stalks; they are almost round, yet they are broader than they are long, sometimes an Hand's breadth, and more; they are thick, whitish, or gray, as is the whole Plant. The Leaves are sharp and prick∣ly. The Stalk is two Foot high, and very branchy. The Heads are placed a∣mongst the prickly Leaves, at the Extremities of the Branches. The Flowers are white. It has two broad Seeds joyn'd toge∣ther, which are encom∣pass'd by Prickles on every side.

Eringo is Epatick, Ne∣phretick, and Alexiphar∣mick. It forces Urine, and the Courses: It expels Wind, and eases Gripes, and cures the Jaundico. The Roots of it candied are accounted excellent Sweet-meats, and are Pro∣vocatives to Venery, and are good Preservatives a∣gainst the Plague, and the Contagion of the Air; and are good for Consumptive People. The Root can∣died, cures a Gonorrhea, and is useful in the French Pox. And, used in the form of a Cataplasm, and applied to the Belly, it pre∣vents Abortion.

Eye-bright, in Latin Euphrasia.

'Tis a small Plant, an Hand and an half high. The Root is single, and crooked; it has a few large Fibres; 'tis woody, and white. The Stalks are roundish, hairy, and, where the Sun shines, purplish. They have ma∣ny Branches, which come from the Wings of the Leaves, that are longer sometimes than the middle Stalk. The Leaves are placed by Pairs, on the Stalk, opposite to one ano∣ther, without Foot-stalks, and are like the Leaves of Chick-weed; they are of a deep Green, they shine, are wrinkly, indented, and hairy under, and of a fat and bitterish Taste. The lit∣tle Flowers come from the Wings of the Leaves; they are white, streak'd within with purple Lines, and a yellow Spot is in the middle. The Seeds are oblong, and of an Ash-colour. It grows commonly in barren Pa∣stures,

and flowers about the middle of Summer.

Eye-bright, which Way soever it is taken, either in a Powder by it self, or in White-wine, or the Juice, or the distill'd Water, won∣derfully strengthens the Eyes, and repairs a weak Sight. 'Tis applied out∣wardly, being bruis'd, for Inflammations, and Dim∣ness of Sight: Or the Juice is drop'd into the Eye: But especially the Water. Take of Eye-bright two Ounces, Mace half an Ounce; make a fine Pow∣der: Some add to it Fen∣nel-seed and Sugar. This is good for Dimness of Sight: Take one Dram of it Night and Morning; but the Body must be first well purg'd. Fabritius Hil∣danus, who is an Author of the first Rank, says, That the Virtues of Eye-bright are so effectual in Weak∣ness of Sight, that he had observ'd some of Seventy Years of Age to have reco∣ver'd their Sight (which they had lost by long Watchings, and much Stu∣dy) by the Use of it. The Oculists in England, and Beyond-Sea, use the Herb in Sallets, in Broths, in Bread, and in Table-Beer; and apply it out∣wardly in Fomentations, and other External Medi∣cines for the Eyes. Take of Water of Eye-bright, and Fennel, each one Ounce and an half; of White Rose-water one Ounce, Prepar'd Tutty two Drams, Camphire two Grains; mix them, drop two or three Drops into the Eye, warm, thrice a Day. This is good when the Eye is much bruis'd.

F.

COmmon-Fennel, in La∣tin Faeniculum vulgare.

It grows on hot and stony Grounds; and in England on the Sea-banks, and on Chalk-hills; as in Cornwal, and in Pemsley-Marsh in Sussex.

The Powder of the Seed, taken daily, in the Morn∣ing, fasting, with Sugar, clears the Sight wonder∣fully.

The Seed strength∣ens the Stomach, and takes off Nauseousness: And be∣ing mix'd with Pectoral Medicines, it relieves those that are Asthmatick; and also resists Poyson. The Leaves boyl'd in Barley-water, increase Nurses Milk: And a Decoction of the Leaves and Seeds as∣swages Nephritick Pains, forces Urine, and expels Gravel. The Roots pro∣voke the Courses, and open Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, and cure the Jaundice. The whole Herb boyl'd in Broths, is rec∣kon'd good to prevent and cure Over-fatness. The tender Buds of Fennel, and the upper part of the Root, before the Stalks grow out, are used for Second Course, being prepar'd with Oyl and Pepper by the Italians, and in Savoy, Dauphiné, Pro∣vence and Languedoc. We commonly use the fresh Leaves, cut small, in Pic∣kle for Fish, and in Boyling them. It hinders Abor∣tion. And the Roots of it boyl'd in Wine, and ap∣plied to the Eye, cured a Suffusion in a Monk in the space of nine Days. Take of the Seeds of Fennel, An∣nis and Coriander, each one Dram, of Carroways half a Dram, of Shavings of Harts-horn, and Ivory, each one Dram; of the Species Aromatick Rosat half a Dram, of Marjoram half a Dram, of the Cor∣dial-flowers one Dram, of the Roots of Liquorish and Elecampane, each one Dram; of Ginger, Galan∣gal, Nutmegs and Cloves, each half a Dram; Saffron one Scruple; beat them grosly, and add of Sugar of Roses the weight of all: The Dose is half a Spoon∣ful, after Meals. This has done much Good for those that have been troubled with wind in their Sto∣machs.

Hog's-Fennel, or Sul∣phur-wort, in Latin Puceda∣num vulgare.

The Root is thick, 'tis cover'd with a black Bark, the Substance of it is green: If it be cut, the Juice that comes out smells strong, like Pitch. The Stalk is three or four Foot high, or higher; 'tis branchy. The Umbels, or

Tufts, are very large. The Flowers are yellow, and have yellow Threads. The Leaves are large, and di∣vided into three Parts; and each Division is again divided into three other Parts. The Seeds are thin, flat and yellowish, and taste acrid, and bitterish. It grows in Marshy Ditch∣es, near Shorcham in Sus∣sex, and near the Thames, plentifully.

It expectorates and ex∣pels Choler. 'Tis chiefly used in Diseases of the Breast, for Coughs, Wind, and Obstructions of the Li∣ver, Spleen and Reins. It forces Urine, and does good in the Stone. 'Tis used outwardly in Head∣aches. The Ancients rec∣kon'd it was good for all nervous Diseases; as, Le∣thargy, frenzy, Falling-sickness, Giddiness, Palsie, and the like. The Con∣serve of it is an excellent Histerick and Pectoral Me∣dicine.

Fenugreek, in Latin Foenum Graecum.

It has one thin, green, hollow Stalk, divided into Wings and Branches, not above a Foot high. The Leaves are like the Leaves of Meadow-Tree-foil, but they are rounder, and smaller; a∣bove they are green, below of an Ash-colour. The Flowers come from the Wings of the Leaves, and are like those of Lupines, and are whitish. It has Pods an Hand, or an Hand and an half long, that are plac'd upon very short Foot-stalks; they are thin, nar∣row, and flat; in which is contain'd the Seed, which is oblong, and almost four∣square, and of a yellowish Colour, and smells sweet. The Root is small, white, single, and woody. 'Tis sown in many Places: I never found it grow Spon∣taneously.

The Flower of the Seed, which is only in use, mol∣lifies, digests, ripens and discusses; and is Anodine: And the Use of it is so ve∣ry frequent, that there is scarce a Chirurgeon makes a Poultess without it, or its Mucilage. 'Tis also of∣ten used in Emollient Cly∣sters;

for the Musilaginous Substance blunts the Acri∣mony of the Humours, and keeps the Guts from Ero∣sion. Take of the Seeds of Fenugreek as much as you please, boyl them in Water and Hony till they are soft; then beat them, and boyl them again with Hony: Spread it on a Cloth, and apply it for the Hip-Gout; it presently gives Ease. 'Tis very good also for the Eyes. Take of the Pulp of Sweet Apples, boyl'd to the Con∣sistence of a Poultis, in a sufficient quantity of Fen∣nel and Vervain-water; strain it through a Sieve, then add of the Musilage of Fenugreek-seeds, extract∣ed in Rose-water, of the Blood-stone finely pow∣der'd, each one Dram; of Camphire, and Prepar'd Tutty, one Scruple; of Bole-Almoniack a little, of Rose-water a sufficient quantity: Make an Epi∣them for the Eyes. For Cold Swellings of the Paps, apply the Flower of Fe∣nugreek-seed, mix'd with Juice of Smallage. Take of Flax and Fenugreek-seeds, beaten, each one Ounce; of ordinary Bar∣ley one Pugil, of the Flow∣ers of Camomile and Me∣lilot, each one Pugil; of Rye-Bran two Pugils; Make a Decoction of all in Water, to half a Pint; in the strain'd Liquor dissolve the Yolks of two Eggs, Hony of Roses three Oun∣ces, Brown Sugar two Ounces; mix them, and make a Clyster. This is good in the Bloody-Flux.

Common Male-Fern, in Latin Filix mas vulgaris.

It grows every where near Hedges, and in shady Pla∣ces.

The Root is reckon'd in∣jurious to Women, and oc∣casions Barrenness, hinders Conception, and causes A∣bortion. 'Tis peculiarly good for the Rickets.

Female-Fern, in Latin Filix foemina.

It grows every where on barren Grounds. 'Tis the largest of all that grows in Eng∣land. The Root is bran∣chy, and creeping. 'Tis very injurious to Husband∣men.

Of the Ashes of this, and the Male-Fern, are made, with Water, Balls, especially in Warwickshire and Staffordshire; and be∣ing dried in the Sun, they wash their Clothes with them, instead of Soap: But before they use them, they put them into a light Fire, till they are red hot; and then they will easily powder. This Fern is used in Sussex to burn Lime; for the Flame of it is very violent, and therefore very fit for that Use. The Root of it reduc'd into Powder, and one Dram of it taken in Water and Hony, kills the broad and long Worms of the Belly. Mounte-banks keep this as a great Secret, and use it to kill Worms. The Juice of the Root is good for Burns. Some poor People have been forc'd (in great Scar∣city of Corn) to make Bread of this Root. The Ashes cast upon Stones, instead of Nitre, make Glass of a green Colour.

Flowering-Fern, or Os∣mond-royal, in Latin Filix florida, or Osmonda regalis.

It shoots forth, in the Spring, divers rough, hard Stalks, half round, and hol∣lowish, flat on the other side, two Foot high; hav∣ing several Branches of winged, yellowish green Leaves on all sides, some∣what like the Leaves of Polypody. From the top of some of the Stalks grows a long Bush of small, green, scaly Aglets, which are counted the Flowers and Seeds. The Root is rough, thick and scaly, with a white Pith. It grows in Marshy Places, and a∣mongst Woods, in many Parts of England.

The Root cures Bursten Bellies, and Ulcers. It does good in the Cholick, and Diseases of the Spleen. The whitish part of the Root is very effectual for Bruises, and those that are wounded, it being boyl'd in some Liquor. 'Tis excellent in the Ric∣kets, a Conserve being made of the tender Buds of it, and of Asparagus. Spleen-wort and Harts-tongue.

Feverfew, in Latin Matricaria.

It has a white Root, and many Fibres. It has many Stalks, about three Foot high, rigid, channel'd, smooth, pretty large, and full of a fun∣gous Pith. It has many Leaves, but they are not plac'd orderly. Towards the top of the Stalks come forth small Branches from the Wings of the Leaves, whereon, as also on the tops of the Stalks, many Flowers are placed, upon oblong Foot-stalks, as it were in a Tuft; they are not very large; white, short, marginal Leaves en∣compass the middle yellow Dish; when the marginal Leaves wither, the Dish grows large: The Colour of the Leaves is of a yel∣lowish Green. The whole Plant smells strong. It flowers in June or July, and grows in Hedges, and amongst Rubbish. The Leaves are very much cut about the Edges.

'Tis much used in Dis∣eases of the Womb: A De∣coction of it forces the Courses, and expels the After-birth: It cures the Suffocation of the Womb: It does all a bitter Herb can do. It cures Fevers▪ Bees cannot endure it; wherefore those that a∣bound with good Humours in the Body, and are most apt to be stung with Bees, may secure themselves, when they walk in Gar∣dens where Bees are, by carrying Feverfew in their Hands. Take of Fever∣few one Handful, warm it in a Frying-pan, apply it twice or thrice hot; this cures an Hemicrania: And the crude Herb applied to the Top of the Head, cures the Head-ach. A Deco∣ction of it, with the Flow∣ers of Camomile, cures Histerical Symptoms, and forces the Child-bed Pur∣gations in great Abun∣dance.

Fig-tree, in Latin Fi∣cus.

Fresh Figs, if they are ripe, are very soon con∣cocted. Galen eat no other Fruit, after Twenty eight Years of Age, than Figs and Raisins. They are Pe∣ctoral, and are used by Physicians in Diseases of

the Lungs. Some Women eat them to facilitate Deli∣very: And Brandy burnt on Figs, is freqently used to cure a Cough. Figs, outwardly applied, ripen, mollifie, and attract. Be∣ing beat with Leaven and Salt, they break Pestilen∣tial Buboes, and other Tu∣mours, in a few Days. King Hezekiah used the same Medicine, with Ad∣vice of the Prophet, 2 King. 20. 7. 'Tis said that Figs, frequently eaten, breed Lice. The Juice of the Fig-tree is very biting, and may be reckon'd amongst the Causticks; and may be used to cure Warts, and other sordid Excrescen∣cies of the Skin. Take of Raisins of the Sun sto∣ned, one Ounce; of Se∣bestens and Jujubes, each fifteen, Dates six, fat Figs eight, French-Barley one Ounce, Liquorish half an Ounce, of the Leaves of Maiden-hair, Hyssop, Sea∣bious and Colt's-foot, each one Handful; boyl them in three Pints of Fountain-water, till a third part be consumed: The Dose is eight Spoonfuls thrice a Day. This is the Pectoral Decoction of the London-Dispensatory.

Fig-wort, in Latin Scrophularia major.

It has a stinking Smell, like El∣der. The Root creeps a∣wry, is white, and pretty thick, and branches out un∣equally. The Stalk is firm, streight, four-square, hol∣low and Purplish, about four Foot high, and is di∣vided into Wings. The Leaf is large, sharp, indent∣ed, and of a dark-green Colour. The Flowers are placed on hairy Foot-stalks, in a Five-leav'd Cup, and they are of a purple Co∣lour. It grows in Hedges, and amongst Bushes fre∣quently.

This, and some other Herbs, do good in the King's-Evil; but nothing has been found so effectual, as Touching: And he that, on Trial, shall find the Contumaciousness of this Disease, which frequently deludes the best Care and Industry, will find Reason of Acknowledging the Goodness of God, who has

dealt so bountifully with this Nation, in giving the Kings of it, at least, from Edward the Confessor, down∣wards, if not for a longer Time, an extraordinary Power in the miraculous Cures thereof. This our Chronicle has all along te∣stified; and the Personal Experience of many Thou∣sands, now living, can wit∣ness the same. 'Tis also useful in Cancers, and Eat∣ing Ulcers. The Powder of the dried Root, applied to the Piles, dries them up. A Dram of it taken in∣wardly, expels Worms. The Water distill'd from the Root, cures a Red Face. An excellent Ointment is made of this Herb, for cu∣ring the Itch: It is compo∣sed as follows; In May take the Herb, with the Root, and, well wash'd and cleans'd, beat them in a Mortar; keep the Juice in a Glass, well stop'd, for a Year; and when you would prepare the Oint∣ment, take of the Juice of Wax, and Oyl, equal parts, and boyl them to an Oint∣ment. For the King's-E∣vil make the following Pla∣ster: Take one Pound of Lard, melted over a mo∣derate Fire; then take of the Leaves of Fig-wort, Hound's-tongue, the Flow∣ers of White Arch-Angel, and Fox-glove; cut them small, and boyl them in the Lard: Do the same three or four times, till the Oint∣ment be of a deep green Colour; then add two Ounces of Turpentine, and an Ounce of Verdigrease, and a sufficient quantity of Wax and Rosin; strain it, and make a Plaster, spread on Leather, and apply it to the Part affected.

Filberd, in Latin Cory∣lus sativa.

The Nut is ve∣ry pleasant; but if many of them are eaten, they occasion the Head-ach, Wind in the Stomach, Loosness, and the Bloody-Flux. Hoops are made of the Branches: And Paint∣ers use the Coal of it, to delineate. Gun-pow∣der was made of the Coals, before the Coals of Alder were found more commodious for that Use.

Firr-tree, in Latin A∣bies.

They say it grows plentifully on the Moun∣tains in Scotland: But I suppose, the Tree that grows commonly there, is that which is called by skil∣ful Botanists, Picea; for, that which we plant in our Gardens for the Firr-tree, is the Picea, as appears by the Characteristick Notes of the Picea; for the Cone is slender and long, and hangs downward; and the rigid and prickly Leaves encompass the Branches dis∣orderly. Theophrastus says, 'tis propagated only by the Seed; and that the Cut∣ting off the Tops causes it to wither and die the same Year: But we find by Ex∣perience, that the Branches do not only grow, but take Root, and in time become Trees. The Rosin of it is twofold: First, Liquid, which comes from young Firr-trees: This the Shops fasly call Venice-Turpen∣tine. Secondly, Dry; it is like Frankincense. Thir∣ty three stately Trees of this Kind make a fair Ap∣pearance, on a little Hill, near Waryton in Stafford∣shire, two Miles from New∣port.

The Branches and Tops are infus'd in Diet-drinks, for the Scurvy, with very good Success.

Sweet-smelling Flag, in Latin Calamus aromaticus Officinarum.

It was first observ'd by Doctor Thomas Brown, in the River Yare, near Norwich. It grows al∣so spontaneously in other Parts of England, (viz.) near Hedley in Surrey, and in Cheshire. 'Tis easily known by its sweet Smell.

'Tis hot and dry. 'Tis chiefly used in Obstructions of the Courses, Liver and Spleen, and in the Cho∣lick; it also provokes U∣rine. The Root of it can∣died, tastes very pleasant∣ly, and is grateful to the Stomach. The Turks usu∣ally chew it in a Morning, to prevent Contagion of corrupted Air. The Tar∣tars carry it about with them, and will not drink Water, unless this Root has been infus'd in it.

Flax, in Latin Linum sati∣vum.

'Tis sown in the Fields.

The Oyl is chiefly in use for Medicine. 'Tis taken inwardly in a Quinsie, Pleu∣risie, Consumption and Cho∣lick: Outwardly used, it mollifies hard Swellings, and eases Pains; it asswa∣ges the Swellings of the Belly. Printers Ink is made of this Oyl and Lamb-black.

Purging, or Wild Dwarf-Flax, or Mill-mountain, in Latin Linum silvestre ca∣tharticum.

It has a small, white, woody Root, and some Fibres. It sends forth little Stalks, that creep a little, and then rise an Hand high, or higher; they are small, jointed and reddish, branchy at the top, and bending downward. The lower Leaves are roundish, and have an obtuse Point; the upper, on the Stalks, are plac'd by Pairs, oppo∣site to one another; there are many of them, they are small, and half an Inch long; smooth, and without Foot-stalks. The Flowers have five white Leaves, and are placed on small Foot-stalks. The Taste of the whole Plant is bit∣ter, and nauseous. It flow∣ers at the Beginning of June. It grows commonly in dry and hilly Pastures.

The whole Herb infus'd in Whitewine, for a whole Night, over hot Ashes, purges strongly Watery Humours. Take of Purg∣ing-Flax one Handful, of Sweet-Fennel-seeds two Drams; boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Foun∣tain-water, to six Ounces; add two Ounces of White∣wine: make a purging Potion.

Marsh-Flea-bane, or Bird's-tongue, in Latin Coni∣za palustris.

The Root is thick, and spreads much; sending forth hollow and crested Stalks, three Foot high, with many Joints and Branches, bearing two long Leaves at each Joint, which are indented about the Edges; green on the up∣per side, and grey or wool∣ly underneath. At the tops of the Stalks and Branches stand many small, yellow Flowers together, like those

of Rag-wort. The Seeds, when ripe, fly away with the Wind. It grows in the Fen-ditches, and on the Banks, in the Isle of Ely; but not very common. It grows chiefly near Stret∣bam-Ferry.

The Herb being spread under-foot, or burnt, in a∣ny Place, will, as it is be∣liev'd, drive away venom∣ous Creatures and Fleas and kill Gnats; wherefore 'tis called Flea-bane. Some prepare an Ointment of the Root and Leaves for the Itch.

Flix-weed, in Latin Sophia Chirurgorum.

It is two or three Foot high. It has many hard, woody Branches; they are round, and a little hairy. The Leaves are cut small, like Roman-Wormwood; it tastes somewhat acrid. The Flowers are many, small, and yellowish. The Pods succeed the Flower; they are about an Inch long, and very small. The Seed is very small, and brown. The Root is white. It grows in stony and gravel∣ly Places, and on Stone-Walls, and in untill'd Grounds.

A Dram of the Seed is very good for a Loosness: And not only the Seed, but the whole Herb, is com∣mended for the Fluxes of the Belly, and the Bloody Flux. 'Tis used in Pla∣sters for Wounds, and sor∣did Ulcers. In Yorkshire they use the Seed to ex∣pel Gravel, with good Suc∣cess.

Common Purple-Flower-de-luce, in Latin Iris vul∣garis.

The Root hang'd in Wine or Beer, preserves the Beer sweet, and im∣parts a pleasant Taste and Smell to the Wine, like Rasberries. 'Tis much us'd by Bakers, to prepare Lea∣ven for Wheaten Bread. Many Virtues are attribu∣ted to the Root of this Plant, by the Ancient and Modern Writers; they are briefly describ'd as follows: By Schroder 'tis chiefly us'd for Coughs, Difficulty of Breathing, Obstructions of

the Courses, and Children's Gripes. Being outwardly applied, it takes off Spots from the Skin. Mix'd with Hellebore and Hony, 'tis much used in Powders for the Hair. It cures the Dropsie, and Jaundice: Take from half an Ounce, to one Ounce and an half, of the Juice; this is com∣mended in a Dropsie, to purge away the Water. A Gentlewoman cured ma∣ny Hydropical People by this Juice alone: She gave four Spoonfuls of it daily, in the Morning fasting, in six Spoonfuls of White-wine.

The Yellow Water-Flow∣er-de-luce, in Latin Iris palustris lutea.

It grows almost every where, in Marshy Places, and upon the Banks of Rivers.

Whether it be hot, or cold, Botanists do not a∣gree; but almost all allow it very astringent, and the Taste of it confirms as much; wherefore it is com∣mended for the Bloody-Flux, and other Fluxes of the Belly and Womb: And it stops Blood, and there∣fore is useful to prevent the Bloody-Flux, and Bleed∣ing: The Sick must have it hang'd about him▪ So that it is plain that the Apothe∣caries were in a great Er∣rour formerly, when they used this Root (which has quite contrary Faculties) for the Root of the Sweet-smelling Flag. The High∣landers in Scotland make excellent Ink with this Root, infus'd, or a little boyl'd in Water twenty four Hours, by rubbing a white, rough Stone upon a Knife, or a piece of good Steel in it, for some Hours.

Fluellin, or Male-Speed-well, in Latin Veroni∣ca ma••.

It creeps with Twigs on the Superficies of the Ear••h, and sends down Roots from the Joints. These little Stalks, or Twigs, are small, round, long, hairy, and jointed. The Leaves are placed by Pairs, one opposite to ano∣ther, at the Joints; they are hairy, and indented a∣bout the Edges; they taste bitter, and acrid. The Flowers come forth spiked

from the Wings of the Leaves, compos'd of four small Leaves of a deep Sky-colour, with Threads of the same Colour in the middle. The Seeds are contain'd in small Recepta∣cles, like Shepherd's-purse. The Flowers consist really of one Leaf only; for, tho' they seem several, yet they are all entire at the bot∣tom. It grows plentifully on dry Places, and on Heaths, in Gravelly, San∣dy and Sunny Places.

A large quantity of the Decoction of it, used for some Time, cured a Wo∣man of the Stone in the Kidnies; which she had been troubled with sixteen Years.

The Lesser Spiked-Fluel∣lin, or Speed-well, in Latin Veronica spicata minor.

The Root grows awry, and is fibrous. The Stalk is up∣right, sometimes four Inch∣es, sometimes a Foot, some∣times two Foot high, or higher. Those Leaves that are placed at the Joints are narrow and sharp, hairy and a little indented; they are larger at the Root. The Stalk ends in a long Spike, full of Sky-colour'd Flowers, flowering by de∣grees, first the Lower, then those that are at top; when they are faded, little, long Threads remain.

'Tis Vulnerary, and Su∣dorisick. 'Tis chiefly used in Erosions, and Obstru∣ctions of the Lungs, and Spleen; in the Cholick, and Consumption; for the Plague, and the Itch. 'Tis of excellent use in Cleans∣ing Wounds, being out∣wardly applied; and for hard Swellings of the Spleen.

Purple Fox-gloves, in Latin Digi••alis purpurea vulgaris.

'Tis sometimes four Foot high. The Stalk is as thick as the Thumb, angled, hairy, reddish, and concave. The Root is fi∣brous, and bitter. The Flowers are placed on a long Spike; they are pla∣ced on short, hairy Foot-stalks, and hang down∣wards; each of them has a little, sharp Leaf joyn'd to it; they are like a Tay∣lor's

Thimble; without they are of a Crimson Co∣lour, except in the lower Part, which, by the mix∣ture of some White, is of a Flesh-colour; they are purple also within, but in the lower Part they have some white Spots. To the Basis of the Flowers grow white or purple Threads. The Leaf is oblong, and ends sharp; hairy, and in∣dented about the Edges; above of a dark Green, be∣low hoary: Those that are at the Root are placed on long Foot-stalks, those on the Stalks are set disorder∣ly, and there are many of them. The Cup of the Flower consists most com∣monly of five Leaves: The Margin of the Flower is divided into five pieces. It delights in Sandy Ground. It varies the Flower, and is sometimes white, but ve∣ry rarely.

'Tis Vomitive. The Country-people in Somer∣setshire purge and vomit the Sick in Fevers with it. 'Tis very good in the Fall∣ing-sickness, if you take two Handfuls of it, with four Ounces of Polypody of the Oak, and boyl them in Beer, and then drink it: For some have been cured by this Decoction that have had the Falling-sickness a∣bove twenty Years, and that use to have two or three Fits every Month. But this Medicine must be given only to strong Peo∣ple, for it purges and vo∣mits violently. Being bruis∣ed, and applied to the King's-Evil, or the Juice of it made into an Ointment, does much good. Some confide very much in the Flowers, in King's-Evil-Swellings: They put a great many into May-But∣ter, and set them in the Sun: Others mingle them with Lard, and put them under Ground for forty Days; they spread the Ointment on a Cloth, and apply them to the Swel∣lings, and purge every sixth Day; and, in the mean while, use continually a Decoction of the Herb Ro∣bert: With the thinner part of the Ointment they anoint the Red Part of the Swelling; the thicker they use on Cloth. A large

quantity of this Ointment ought to be provided, for sometimes it is a Year, and more, before the Cure is perfected. Tho' the Ulcers should grow larger at first, you need not be discou∣rag'd; for when the Oint∣ment has dried up all the Humour, the Ulcers will heal and skin. This Oint∣ment is chiefly of use in moist Ulcers of the King's-Evil.

Fumetory, in Latin Fumaria.

It purges Cho∣ler, and purifies the Blood, and is much used for a Le∣prosie, the Itch, and other Diseases of the Skin. 'Tis likewise commended for the French-Pox. It opens Obstructions of the Liver, and cures the Jaundice. It is much used in Whey, in the Spring-time. 'Tis also good for the Scurvy. The Juice or Water of it, drop∣ped into the Eyes, cures Dimness of Sight. Being mix'd with Treacle, it is good for the Plague. An Ointment made of the Juice of Fumetory, and of sharp-pointed Dock, and a little Vinegar and Hony, cures the Itch. Take of the Conserve of Fumetory, and Wormwood, each one Ounce; of the Conserve of the yellow Peel of O∣ranges and Limons, each two Ounces; of the simple Powder of the Root of Wake-Robin, of Yellow Sanders, of Alloes-wood, of the Root of Capers, each one Dram and an half; of Crabs-eyes one Dram, of Salt of Worm∣wood two Drams, of Sy∣rup of Fumetory a suffi∣cient quantity; make an Electuary: The Dose is, the quantity of a Walnut, twice a Day. This is good for the Scurvy.

G.

GArlick, in Latin Alli∣um.

'Tis hot and dry, and Alexipharmick. 'Tis used outwardly, and inwardly, in the Flatulent Cholick, the Worms, for the Plague with Vinegar, and for the Stone, and for the Cough. The Common People use it frequently, boyl'd in Milk; and there∣fore

'tis called their Trea∣cle: But the often use of it is injurious, partly by reason of the intollerable Stink; but especially, be∣cause it occasions the Head-ach, and Drought; and for that it hurts the Eyes, and the Organs of all the the Senses. Zacutus Lusi∣tanus relates an Observa∣tion of an Old Man, who, travelling a long Way in the Snow, was taken de∣sperately ill; the innate Heat of his Stomach being, in a manner, extinguish'd: And when Zacutus had tri∣ed all hot Remedies to no purpose, he at length, ac∣cording to Avicen's Dire∣ctions, gave him Dried Garlick, mix'd with Ho∣ny; and when he had used this four Days, the Man found himself better; and was quite recover'd by u∣sing it a Month. And Ex∣perience teaches the North∣ern People the Use of this Root; for which Reason they eat it often. Garlick beat with Lard, and ap∣plied to the Soles of the Feet, in the manner of an Ointment, opens the Stop∣pages of the Lungs. If Garlick be applied to the Soles of the Feet, the Breath will stink of it; but the Vapours penetrating the Habit of the Body, do not occasion that Stink; but Particles of the Garlick are mix'd with the Blood, and, together with it, are brought to the Lungs, and so are emitted by Expira∣tion, with the Sooty Efflu∣via of the Blood. Take Cloves of Garlick pill'd, four Ounces, boyl them till they are soft, change the Water twice, pour the Water off, and put the Garlick into a Vessel; to which put Syrup of Vine∣gar half a pound; stop it up close, and set it in a Skillet with Water, put Hay under the Vessel, and boyl it for half an Hour: Take four or five of the Cloves every Day, and a Spoonful or two of the Sy∣rup. This is much com∣mended for Coughs, and the Worms.

Wild Germander, in Latin Chamaedrys silvestris.

'Tis rooted with a great many Fibres. The Branch∣es bending to the Earth,

sometimes turn to Roots; and so by creeping it in∣creases. The Stalks are sometimes two Foot high, downy, round, small, and weak; to which the Leaves grow by Intervals, opposite to one another, without Foot-stalks; they are in∣dented, hairy, very green, and wrinkly; from a large Basis, they grow by de∣grees pointed, but not very sharp. The Flowers come from the Wings of the Leaves, and grow like an Ear, and seem as if they had four Leaves, tho' they have really but one, for they are entire at bottom: They are of a pleasant Sky-colour, and shine, and are streak'd with deep co∣lour'd Lines, and white in the Middle, where is a very small Violet-Pillar, with two Threads, sustain∣ing the white Tufts. The Cup of the Flower has four Leaves. The Flow∣ers are placed upon short Foot-stalks, coming from the Bosom of a small Leaf. The Seed-vessels are flat, and Twins, like those of Speed-well.

'Tis hot and dry, and somewhat bitter. 'Tis good for a Cough, at the Begin∣ning of a Dropsie, for an ill Habit of Body, the Green-sickness, an hard Spleen, the Strangury, and Obstructions of the Bowels. The Garden-Germander provokes Urine and Sweat powerfully; upon which Account it is good in Fe∣vers, for the Scurvy, and for the Blood when coagu∣lated; but especially for the Gout, the Jaundice, and Suppression of Urine. It was commended to the Emperor Charles V. as an Arcanum for the Gout. 'Tis outwardly used for Eating Ulcers, for the Piles, the Itch, and to dry Catarrhs. 'Tis frequently used in a Decoction to open Wo∣men's Obstructions. 'Tis called in Cambridgeshire English-Treacle. Take of the dried Leaves of Ger∣mander, Ground-Ivy, and White Hoar-hound, each one Handful; of the Roots of Elecampane, and Floren∣tine-Flower-de-luce, each one Ounce and an half; of Anniseeds bruis'd two Oun∣ces, of Liquorish one Ounce

and an half, of Raisins of the Sun three Ounces; hang all these in a Bag, in a Glass that has a large Mouth, and put three Quarts of Lime-water to it; stop it close, and set it in a cold Place; pour out the Liquor as you use it: The Dose is four Ounces thrice a Day. This is good for Catarrhs, and Ulcers of the Lungs.

Goat's-beard, in Latin Tragopogon.

Any part of this Plant being cut, yields a white Milk, which soon turns yellow, and clammy. The Root is streight, about the bigness of a Finger. The Stalks are empty, and branchy; larger and strong∣er-than those of Scorzone∣ra. It has many Leaves, that are like the Leaves of Leeks, which are some∣times very broad, some∣times long, narrow, and sharp. The Flowers are placed on the top of the Stalks and Branches, and consist of eight, nine, or ten green Leaves; they are long and sharp, above three Inches long, of a deep pur∣ple or Sky-colour, and at last turn into a soft Down, to which the Seed adheres; 'tis two Inches long, round, streak'd and rough, and black when ripe.

The Root boyl'd is rec∣kon'd delicate Food; 'tis also used raw in Sallets. It nourishes much, and there∣fore good for Consumptive People. 'Tis used in Dis∣eases of the Breast, and for a Cough, and Difficulty of Breathing. 'Tis supposed to expel the Stone, and to force Urine. The Juice of the Root, and the di∣still'd Water of it, do the same.

Goat's-Rue, in Latin Galega.

It spreads a small, white Root in the Earth. The Stalks are four Foot high, or higher, channell'd, empty, and has many Branches. The Leaves are like the Leaves of a Vetch, they have a soft, little Thorn at the end of them. The Flowers are placed upon peculiar Twigs, ari∣sing from the Wings of the Leaves; they grow one a∣bove another, like the ma∣ny flower'd Vetch, and are

of a whitish Colour. The Pods are round, small, long, and upright, wherein is contain'd the Seed.

'Tis Alexipharmick, and Sudorifick. It expels Poy∣son, and cures the Plague. 'Tis used in Children's Convulsions; a Spoonful of the Juice may be given at a time. 'Tis good for the Worms, and for the Biting of Serpents. The raw Herb, or when it is boyl'd, is also eaten in these Cases. The distill'd Wa∣ter of it is used to expel Contagion, and in Chil∣dren's Convulsions. The Honourable Mr. Boyle com∣mends it much, from his own Experience, in curing Pestilential and Malignant Diseases. 'Tis one of the Ingredients in the London-Plague-Water. Take of the Roots of Angelica, Ma∣ster-wort, Butter-bur, and Peony, each half a Pound; of Athamantick Spikenard, and of Scorzonera, each four Ounces; of Virginian Snake-weed two Ounces; of the Leaves of Rue, Rosemary, Balm, Carduus Benedictus, Scordium, Ma∣rigolds and their Flowers, Dragons, Goat's Rue, and Mint, each four Handfuls; pour upon them four Gal∣lons of the best Brandy, let them infuse gently in B. M. (the Vessel being close stop'd) for three Days; draw off four Gal∣lons, wherein hang in a Bag half an Ounce of Saf∣fron; to every Pint of this, add an Ounce and an half of Fine Sugar.

Golden-rod, in Latin Virga aurea.

The Root is brown, and has many whitish Fibres, and is joint∣ed, and grows awry. The Stalks are stiff, upright, five or six Foot high, chan∣nell'd, a little hairy, and full of a fungous Pith. The Leaves that come from the Roots, and those that grow on the Stalks, are placed alternately, on long Foot-stalks; and sometimes they have none at all, or very short ones: Those that are at bottom are almost an Hand's breadth, and about twice as long; but here in England they are not so long, nor so broad: The uppermost are of a dark-Green,

hairy on both sides, and indented about the edges. The Flowers are many, and grow on the tops of the Stalks, and on peculiar Foot-stalks arising from the Wings of the Leaves; they are yellow, and at last turn into a kind of Down. It grows com∣monly upon Heaths, and in Hilly Woods and Groves. It flowers in August. The Flowers sometimes vary.

'Tis an excellent Wound-herb, either taken inward∣ly, or outwardly applied. 'Tis Lithontriptick, and Diuretick. Two Drams of the Powder being taken in White-wine, hot, every Morning. 'Tis very cleans∣ing, and drying. 'Tis good in the Obstructions of the Bowels, and for those that are inclin'd to a Dropsie, and for stopping all Fluxes of the Womb or Belly, and inward Bleedings.

Goos-berry-bush, in La∣tin Grossularia.

It loves cold Places. It flowers in April; the Fruit comes forth in May, and is ripe in June and July.

The Fruit is very agree∣able to the Stomach. Be∣ing boyl'd in Broth before they are ripe, they do good in a Fever. They provoke Appetite, and stop the Fluxes of the Belly. They also cure a Gonorrhea, and the Whites. They are out∣wardly applied for Inflam∣mations, and St. Anthony's Fire. But before they are ripe, many of them must not be eaten; for they oc∣casion the Cholick, and Gripes. Wine is made of them, when they are ripe, in the following manner: The Berries being put into a Tub, they pour upon them a sufficient quantity of hot Water, and then, covering the Vessel very close, they let them stand three Weeks, or a Month, till the Liquor is impreg∣nated with the Juice and Spirit of the Berries; then they draw it out, and put it into Bottles, with Su∣gar, which they keep close stop'd, till the Liquor is well mix'd and ferment∣ed with the Sugar; and so it becomes a generous Wine.

Goose-grass, or Cleav∣ers, in Latin Aparine.

This Herb, beat up with Lard, cures the King's-Evil. The distill'd Water stops the Flux of the Belly, and is good in the Jaundice. The distill'd Water, or the Herb cut small, and boyl'd in a sufficient quantity of Wine, and drunk, is an excellent Remedy for the Stone and Gravel. The Herb dried, with the Spleen of a Calf, in a Furnace, is accounted very excellent for Tumours of the Spleen, and Hypo∣chondriack Winds. Take of the Leaves of Cleavers, Plantane and Brook-lime, each four Handfuls; bruise them, and pour upon them three Ounces of Aqua Lum∣bricorum, and three Ounces of Aqua Raphani Composit▪ then strain them: This is to be taken twice a Day; at Eight in the Morning, and Five in the After∣noon. This is good in a Dropsie.

Groncil, or Grouncel, in Latin Lithospermum.

The Root is about the thickness of the Thumb, woody and Perennial, and has some Fibres on the Sides. It has many Stalks two or three Foot high, streight, firm, round, rough and branchy. It has many Leaves, plac'd disorderly; they are long, narrow, and end in a sharp Point, and have no Foot-stalks: Those that are at the top of the Stalks and Branches are broader, and shorter, and of a deeper Green. The little Flowers are placed on short Foot-stalks, and come from the Wings of the Leaves; they are white, and consist of one Leaf, divided into five blunt pieces. The Cup is hairy, and consists of five narrow Jags. Four Seeds succeed each Flower; they are of an Ash-colour, very hard, and look as if they were polish'd. It grows near Hedges in dry Grounds, near High-ways, and in Bushes. It flowers in May and June.

The Seed of it cleanses the Reins, and provokes Urine; breaks the Stone, and expels it. Two Drams of the Seed, or more, may be given at a time. Mat∣thiolus prescribes it for Wo∣men

in Labour, in a Wo∣man's Milk.

Ground-pine, in Latin Chamaepytis vulgaris.

'Tis a small Plant, of the breadth of an Hand, and rarely a∣bove an Inch, or two Inch∣es high. The Root is long, woody, and single. The little Stalk is round, hairy, and somewhat red near the Earth; in other Places green, inclining to a yel∣low; as also are the Leaves, which are placed at small Distances, at the Knots, by Pairs, opposite to one another; they are hairy, and resemble the Claws of a small Bird; they taste and smell like Pitch and Rosin. The Flowers proceed from the Wings of the Leaves, are yellow, and have a broad Lip, divided into two parts, the Upper has red Spots instead of an Hood; they have Threads of a light Purple. The Seeds are placed in little Cups, four and four in a Rank; and they are three-square. The Tube of the Flower bellies out, and serves instead of a Seed-vessel. It grows in Till'd Grounds, but is rare in England.

It strengthens the Nerves; incides, opens, and is Diu∣retick, and provokes the Courses. It expels a dead Child, and the After-birth; and works so powerfully, that Women with Child are wholly forbid the use of it, because it occasions Miscarriage. Boyl'd in Wine, or powder'd, and made into Pills, with Her∣modactyls and Venice-Tur∣pentine, does much Good in a Dropsie. Outwardly used, it cures Ulcers, by cleansing them, and taking off the Hardness. Take of Ground-pine and Worm-wood, each two Handfuls; of Scurvy-grass ten Hand∣fuls, of Mountain-Sage six Handfuls, six Oranges sli∣ced; put all into a Pye, made of two parts of Bar∣ly-meal, and one of Rye; bake it, and after shred it all small; then put it into a Bag, and hang it in five Gallons of Midling Ale: After six Days, drink of it for your ordinary Drink. This was used, with ex∣cellent Success, to a Person

that was afflicted with the Gout and Scurvy.

Groundsel, in Latin Erigeron.

This grows e∣very where in the Fields, and Gardens, and in Courts, too frequently, all the Year.

The Juice of the Herb taken in Beer, or a Deco∣ction of it with Hony, vo∣mits gently. Outwardly applied, it is good for the Inflammations of the Paps, and for the King's-Evil. 'Tis very probable that it may be useful against Worms, for Farriers use it as a present Remedy for the Botts.

H.

HArt's-tongue, in La∣tin Phillitis.

It has many black, Capillary Roots. It has six, eight, or ten long Leaves, nine Inches, or a Foot long, and about two Inches broad; of a curious shining Green above, below streak'd with small, and somewhat long, brownish Marks. The Bot∣toms of the Leaves are a little bowed on each side of the Middle-rib. It smells strong, and tastes rough. It grows in moist, stony and shady Places, especially on Mountains, and in Wells and Caves. It grows in great Abundance by Wal∣berton, near Arrundel in Sussex.

'Tis used chiefly in Swel∣lings of the Spleen, for the Flux of the Belly, and for Spitting of Blood. Out∣wardly applied, it cleanses Wounds and Ulcers. The Powder of it is of excellent use for the Palpitation of the Heart, for Mother-fits, and Convulsions, being ta∣ken in Small Beer, and Posset-drink. A Conserve made of the green Leaves, is used for the same pur∣pose.

Hemlock, in Latin Ci∣cuta.

'Tis very cold, and supposed to be poysonous; yet it is frequently used now-a-days for Tumours and Inflammations of the Spleen. Some Physicians

say, it is hot. Outwardly used, it is Anodine. A Ca∣taplasm, or the Plaster of Hemlock, with Ammonia∣cum, discusses powerfully hard Swellings, and a Gan∣glion. Twenty Grains of the Powder of the Root is an excellent Diaphoretick in Malignant Fevers.

Common-Hemlock, Wild-Ciceley, or Cow-weed, in La∣tin Ci••utaria vulgaris.

The Root is thick, long, and white, especially within: It has an acrid and Aro∣matick Taste. The Stalks are three or four Foot high, or higher, as thick as the Thumb, empty, hairy, and reddish. The Leaves are like the Hemlock above∣mention'd, but they are broader, and of a paler Green; they shine, and have a short Down, but it is scarce visible. The white Flowers are placed in a Circle, and each of them consists of five Leaves; the uppermost are larger than the rest. A Pair of Seeds succeed each Flower; they are long, smooth, and black when they are ripe. It grows every where in Hedges, and in Orchards, and under Trees. It springs in the Beginning of the Spring, and flowers in May. In the Spring, when the Leaves are tender, Cows eat them greedily; where∣fore our Country-people call it Cow-weed.

J. Bauhinus says, he knew two Families, who think∣ing they had gather'd Pars∣nips, by chance found these Roots in the Winter, with∣out Leaves; (for they are more like Parsnips, than the Roots of the above∣mention'd Hemlock,) and having eaten a few of them, they were like to be suffo∣cated; and were senseless, and mad, and just like An∣ticks: He cured them with Vomits. And I remember, a whole Family, several Years ago, was strangely surpriz'd, at a Village cal∣led Huntington, about two Miles from the City of Chi∣chester, in Sussex, upon the like Occasion. But some affirm, that old Parsnips will cause the same Sym∣ptoms; wherefore they call them Madnips.

Hemp, in Latin Canna∣bis sativa.

The Seed of it boyl'd in Milk, is good for a Cough: And five or six Ounces of it taken, cures the Jaundice: An Emulsion of the Seeds does the same. The Juice of the Herb, and of the green Seed, cures Pains and Obstructions of the Ears. 'Tis suppos'd by some, that it extinguishes Venery; but the Persians use it now-a-days, fried, and mix'd with Salt, to provoke the same. The Oyl of the Seeds, mix'd with a little Wax, is excel∣lent to take out the Pain and Fire in Burns. Galen reckons, that the Virtues of Hemlock and Hemp are much the same.

Common Hemp-Agri∣monr, in Latin Eupatorium cannabinum.

The Root grows awry, and has large, whitish Fibres. The Stalk is five or six Foot high, streight, round, has Cotton on it, and is purplish, and full of white Pith; it has an Aromatick Smell when it is cut, and has many Wings. There are many Leaves upon the Stalks, three upon one Foot-stalk, something like the Leaves of Hemp, oblong, pointed, and indented about the Edges, and of a bitter Taste. The Flowers are placed on tufts, compos'd of five or six small purple Flowers. The Seeds, when ripe, fly away with the Down. It grows on the Banks of Rivers and Brooks, and near Stand∣ing-waters. It flowers in July.

'Tis Epatick and Vulne∣rary. 'Tis chiefly used for an ill Habit of Body; for Catarrhs, and Coughs; for Obstructions of Urine, and the Courses. It cures the Jaundice. Take of the Leaves of Hemp, Agrimo∣ny, Hart's-tongue, Speed-well, Colt's-foot, Mouse-ear, and Sanicle, each one Handful; of the Roots of Madder and Charvil, each one Ounce; of Barley half an Ounce, of Red Vetches half an Ounce, of Raisins of the Sun one Ounce and an half; boyl them in two Quarts of Fountain-water, till half is consum'd; sweet∣en it with Hony. This is used in an Empyema.

Common Hen-bane, in Latin Hyoscyamus vulgaris.

'Tis easily known by its stinking Smell. The Leaves are soft, downy, fat, and cut deep about the edges, and are plac'd disorderly upon the Stalks, which are two Foot high, branchy, thick, and cover'd with a thick Down. The Flow∣ers scarce appear above the Husk, they end in five round Points, they grow one above another, are of a dull yellow Colour, some∣what pale towards the Edges; they have many purplish Veins. The Seed is of a greyish Colour, and contain'd in an hard, close Husk. The Root is thick, wrinkly, white within, and brown without, and doth not stink so much as the Leaves. It grows near most High-ways, in untill'd Grounds, amongst Rubbish, and on fat Earth.

It cools and mollifies ve∣ry much: It disposes to Sleep, eases Pain, and miti∣gates Acrimony. 'Tis good for hot and sharp Defluxi∣ons of the Eyes. It stops Eruptions of Blood, and Overflowing of the Cours∣es. 'Tis applied for In∣flammation of the Testi∣cles, and other Parts. Take of the Seeds of Hen-bane and White-Poppy, each two Drams; Conserve of Red Roses two Ounces; make an Electuary: Take the quantity of a Nutmeg. This stops any Hemorrhage. Take of the Seeds of Hen∣bane and White-Poppy, each half a Dram; of Su∣gar of Roses three Drams, of Syrup of Comfrey a suf∣ficient quantity; make an Electuary: Take the quan∣tity of a small Nutmeg, drinking upon it a Draught of Tincture of Roses. This is good for Bleeding at the Nose, and Spitting of Blood.

Herb-Robert, in Latin Geranium Robertianum.

It grows commonly in Hedg∣es. It has a small Root. The Stalks are sometimes nine Inches, sometimes two Foot high; they are hairy, knotted, reddish, especially about the Joints; they branch out. The Leaves come partly from the Root, and partly from the Joints;

they are hairy, and are plac'd on reddish, hairy Foot-stalks, and are divi∣ded almost like the Leaves of Feverfew; they smell like Parsnips when they are rub'd, and taste astringent. The Flowers are purple, and consist of five Leaves; they come from a Cup that is hairy, of a deep red Co∣lour, and divided into five Parts. The Beaks are sharp-pointed.

'Tis Vulnerary. Inward∣ly taken, or outwardly ap∣plied, it stops Fluxes of Blood, and resolves coagu∣lated Blood. It cleanses Wounds and Ulcers. It expels Gravel, and cures Cholical Pains. 'Tis also commended for Ruptures. 'Tis used outwardly in an Erisipelas, and for Ulcers of the Mouth and Paps. Country-people make a Decoction of it for Cat∣tle, when they void Blood by Urine.

Holly, in Latin Agrifo∣lium.

The Berries are use∣ful in the Cholick, for they purge gross and pituitous Humours by Stool, ten or twelve being▪ taken at a time. This Tree is fittest to make Arbours, in the Northern Parts especially; for it will endure Cold ve∣ry well, it continues always green, is very pleasant to the Sight, and will bear Sheering: It grows very slowly, so that it will not be injurious to a Garden, either by reason of its Lu∣xuriant Branches, or spread∣ing Roots.

The Way to make Bird-lime.

Pill as many of this sort of Trees as you have occa∣sion for, in June or July; boyl the Bark, seven or eight Hours together, in Water, till it is tender: When it is boyl'd, make an Heap with Fern▪ strow∣ing a Lay of one, and a Lay of the other. This sort of Position the Chy∣mists call Stratum super stra∣tum; and mark it thus, S. S. S. Let it ferment a Fortnight, or three Weeks; then take it out, and beat it in a Mortar till it may be kneeded like Dough; then

wash it in Water, it will soon be clean. And so you will have pure Bird∣lime.

The Prickles of the Leaves boyl'd in Posset-drink, wonderfully ease the Cholick, and Pains in the Bowels. With this a Gen∣tlewoman cured her self, and many others, when other Medicines would do no good.

Common Hony-suckle, or Wood-bind, in Latin Pe∣riclymenum.

It heats and dries much: 'Tis Splena∣tick, and very Diuretick. 'Tis chiefly used in an Asth∣ma, and for a Cough. It dries moist and sordid Ul∣cers. It cures Scabs, and other Diseases of the Skin. It helps Difficulty of Breathing, and hastens De∣livery, and expels Gravel. The distill'd Water, and the Juice of it, is in use. The Leaves also are fre∣quently used in Garga∣risms; but some think they are too hot and acrid for such an Use.

Hops, in Latin Lupulus.

They preserve Beer, and make it more wholsom, and better tasted; and ren∣der it Diuretick. Beer purges the Blood, is good in the Jaundice, and for Hypochondriack Diseases: But whether it expels Gra∣vel, or generates it, is much disputed by some: They that commend it for the Stone, argue from its being hot and Diuretick: They that condemn the use of it in the Stone, say, that it makes the Fits worse; and that Ale, on the con∣trary, mitigates the Pain. Besides, they say that the Stone is much increas'd in England since the use of Hops. But I agree with those that approve and commend the use of it in Beer; for the Beer is there∣by render'd more agreeable to the Stomach, and pro∣motes the Concoction of the Meat the better. Nor does it avail any thing, that Physicians forbid the use of Beer in the Stone, and prescribe Ale; for they do so only to lessen the Pain; for which Intention Ale is very proper, by rea∣son of its Smoothness; but

it does no way conduce to∣wards the Eradicating the Disease, or Removing the Cause; but rather pro∣motes the Growth of it, by its being clammy, and apt to stick to it: And it plainly appears by Mr. Graunt's Observations on the Bills of Mortality, that fewer die of the Stone, in London, since Hops were so much used, than before. The Buds of Hops, eaten in the Spring-time, being first boyl'd and butter'd, purge the Blood, and loosen the Belly, and open Ob∣structions of the Liver and Spleen.

Take of Black-Soap, and fresh Hops, each two Hand∣fuls; of Blue-Currants a quarter of a Pound; beat them, and mix them, and apply them to the Wrists, to cure a Quotidian-Ague.

White Hore-hound, in Latin Marrubium album.

It has a single, woody Root, with many Fibres. It has many Stalks, a Foot high, or higher; they are downy, four-square, branchy, and have many Leaves on them, two opposite to one ano∣ther, at each Joint; they are roundish, wrinkly, and indented, and are placed on pretty long Foot-stalks. The Flowers are whitish, and very small; they en∣compass the Stalk at the Joints, and have short Foot-stalks, or none at all. Four Seeds, joyn'd together, suc∣ceed each Flower. The Smell of the whole Herb is strong, and somewhat offensive. It grows near High-ways, and amongst Rubbish.

The Juice of it mix'd with Hony, is good for those that have Coughs, and are Consumptive. The Powder of it kills Worms. Take of the Syrup of White Hore-hound two Ounces, of Oyl of Tartar per deliquium one Scruple; mix them: Let the Sick take often of it, a Spoon∣ful at a time. This is ex∣cellent in the Jaundice. The Tops of it infus'd in Wine, and drunk three Mornings, is good to pro∣voke the Courses, and to expel the Secundine, and to strengthen the Stomach,

and to cure an ill Habit of Body. A Conserve of the Flowers, made with Hony, and an Ounce of it taken in the Morning, for forty Days, cured a Nobleman of a Scirrhus in his Liver, when Chalybeats, and o∣ther Medicines, would do no good.

Horse-tail, in Latin E∣quisetum.

The Root is small, black, jointed, and creeping, and has many small Fibres arising from the Joints. It springs up with Heads somewhat like Asparagus, which grow in∣to hard, rough, hollow Stalks, joynted at many places, one within another. At every Joint grows a Bush of rusty, hard Leaves, resembling an Horse-tail. At the Tops of the Stalks come forth small Catkins, like those of Trees.

'Tis very astringent, and therefore is used to cure the Whites, and Fluxes of Blood; one Dram of the Powder of it, or four Oun∣ces of the Decoction of it in Wine, being taken Night and Morning. Three Spoonfuls of the distill'd Water, taken two or three Mornings, cures Bleeding, and Ulcers of the Reins and Kidnies. Outwardly applied, it cures Wounds, even when the Nerves are cut. For Ulcers of the Lungs, drink three Ounces of the Decoction made in Water, or two Ounces of the Juice, Morning and E∣vening. A Dram of the Powder taken in three Ounces of Plantane-water, Morning and Evening, for some Days, is commended for a Consumption.

Great Hounds-tongue, in Latin Cynoglossum.

The Root is thick, black with∣out, white within; it smells worse than it tastes, it has an odd, sweet Taste. The Stalks are about three or four Foot high; they are divided into many Branch∣es. The first Year the Leaves are long, and some∣what broad: The second Year, when it bears a Stalk, they are sharp and pointed, hoary, soft, and downy, and stink. The Flowers are of a sordid red Colour, divided, for some

time, into five pieces; the Flowers and Seeds most commonly bend to one part, and each is placed on a Foot-stalk an Inch long, which has no Leaf. The Leaves grow alter∣nately to the Stalks, with∣out Foot-stalks. It grows commonly amongst Rub∣bish, and in Fields not cultivated. It flowers in June.

It cools, and dries. 'Tis used to stop Blood, a Loos∣ness, a Gonorrhaea, and Catarrhs. An Ointment made of the Juice, with Hony and Turpentine, is much commended for old Fistulous Ulcers. The Pill made of Hound's-tongue is compounded in the following manner: Take of the Roots of Hound's-tongue dried, of the Seeds of White Hen-bane, and of Opium pre∣par'd, each half an Ounce; of Mirrh six Drams, of Olibanum five Drams, of Saffron, Castor, and Sto∣rax Calamite, each one Dram and an half: The Roots of Hound's-tongue, the Seeds of Hen-bane, and the Castor must be all powder'd together; but the Myrrh, the Saffron, and the Olibanum must be powder'd a-part; the O∣pium must be sliced small, and dissolv'd in Rose-wa∣ter; afterwards you must add the Powders, and with Syrup de Stecade make a Mass: The Dose is one Scruple. 'Tis frequently used in Catarrhs, and to cause Rest.

House-leek, or Sin-green, in Latin Sedum ma∣gus vulgare.

It does not grow spontaneously in Eng∣land, but it is commonly sown on Houses.

'Tis very Cooling, and Astringent. 'Tis used in∣wardly in Bilious Fevers, for it quenches Thirst, and moderates the Heat, the Juice of it being mix'd with Sugar. Rags dip'd in the Juice, or distill'd Water of it, and applied to any Inflammation of the Body, especially in the Frenzy, are very be∣neficial. The Juice of it cures Corns and Warts. For Ulcers of the Ma∣trix,

and Urinary Passage, take of the Juice four Ounces, and one Ounce of Litharge, and the Yolks of two Eggs; rub them a long time in a Leaden Mortar; then make Appli∣cation. In Fevers, when the Tongue is dry, and chap'd, dip a Leaf of it in Rose-water, and apply it to the Tongue, and re∣peat it often. Take of the Juice one Spoonful, of White-wine two Spoon∣fuls; mix them together; drop one or two Drops into the Eyes, and apply a double Linnen Rag, dip∣ped in the same. This is good for an hot Distillation on the Eyes.

Hyssop, in Latin Hysso∣pus.

'Tis hot, and acrid: It attenuates, opens, and cleanses. 'Tis chiefly used in Diseases of the Lungs. 'Tis frequently applied outwardly to remove Blood that is setled in the Eyes. A Bunch of it being boyl'd in Water, and applied hot to the Eye, is also very good for Bruises.

I.

JAck-by-the-Hedge, or Sauce-alone, in Latin Alliaria.

It sends forth Stalks, round, channel'd and solid; small, and some∣what hairy; three or four Foot high. The Root is small, woody and white; and stinks like Garlick. The Leaves are first round, like Ground-Ivy, but much larger; but soon after∣wards they are a little pointed, and indented a∣bout the Edges; they are of a pale Green, and smooth, and set on large Foot-stalks; the Smell and Taste of them is not so strong as Garlick; they are placed at a great di∣stance upon the Stalks. Disorderly, upon the tops of the Stalks and Branches, are many whitish, small Flowers, consisting of four small Leaves, upon very short Foot-stalks; in the midst whereof are Tufts, of a Colour betwixt Yel∣low and Green. The ob∣long and blackish Seed is contain'd in long Cods, that are angl'd, and di∣vided

by a Membrane that has two Valves. It grows in Hedges and Ditches.

Country-people use it in Sauces. When it is green, it provokes Urine; when dry, it expels Poyson. Being boyl'd in Wine, or mix'd with Hony, it cures old Coughs. 'Tis excellent for resisting Putrefaction: Up∣on which Account, the Herb it self, beat up with Hony, and the Juice boyl'd till it is thick, are put into Cata∣plasms for Gangreens, and other putrid and malignant Ulcers. The Seed applied to the Bottom of the Belly, cures Mother-fits. The Seeds rub'd, and put into the Nose, provokes Sneez∣ing, and purges the Head. The Herb boyl'd in Oyl and Water, and taken in∣wardly, relieves Asthma∣ticks. Some boyl the Leaves in Clysters for the Cholick. Nephritick Pains, and the Stone. 'Tis like true Scordium in Virtue and Smell. Fabricius Hil∣danus says, he often found the Juice very good for Gangreens, And none need wonder why the Ancients, especially the Arabians, sub∣stituted this Herb for Scor∣dium; not for that Scor∣dium was unknown to them, but because they found, in a manner, the same Virtues in this Plant. Besides, Scordium does not grow in many Regions, and so it must be had dry and obsolete; whereas this Herb grows almost every where.

White Iessamin, in La∣tin Jasminum album.

The Flowers are chiefly used to perfume Gloves. The Oyl of it heals, mollifies, and opens; and is used in Con∣tractions of the Limbs; and the like.

Iew's-ear, in Latin Fungus sambucinus.

It grows to the Trunk of the Elder∣tree.

Being dried, it will keep good a Year. Boyl'd in Milk, or infus'd in Vine∣gar, 'tis good to gargle the Mouth or Throat in Quin∣sies, and other Inflamma∣tions of the Mouth and Throat. And being in∣fus'd

in some proper Wa∣ter, it is good in Diseases of the Eyes.

St. Iohn's-wort, in La∣tin Hypericon.

It has a woody Root, that is much divided, and hath many stiff, woody, round, reddish Twigs, two Foot and an half high, or higher, and divided into many Branch∣es. The Leaves grow by Pairs, opposite to one ano∣ther, and have no Foot-stalks; they are smooth, and full of Holes, which may be plainly perceiv'd if you hold them up against the Sun; they taste dry and astringent, with some kind of Bitterness. At the top of the Stalks and Branches grow yellow Flowers of five Leaves a∣piece, with yellow Tufts in the middle; which be∣ing bruis'd, yield a bloody Juice. After the Flowers, come small, round Heads, wherein are contain'd small, black Seeds. It grows in Hedges, and a∣mong Bushes.

'Tis an excellent Diure∣tick and Vulnerary Herb. A Decoction of it cures Tertian and Quartan-A∣gues: It stops Spitting of Blood, and expels Gravel. A Tincture of the Flowers is excellent in a Mania: And the Flowers infus'd in Spirit of Wine, kill Worms. The Compound∣ed Oyl of the London-Dis∣pensatory is much us'd, and is made in the following manner: Take one Pint of White-wine; of the Tops, and Flowers, and Seeds of St. John's-wort four Oun∣ces; bruise them, and in∣fuse them three Days in a Pint of old Oyl of Olives, in the Sun, or upon a gen∣tle Fire; and then press it. Note, they must infuse in a Glass well stop'd. There must be a second and third Infusion in the same Wine. After the third Infusion, boyl it till all the Wine is, in a manner, consum'd; then strain it, and add three Ounces of Turpen∣tine, and one Scruple of Saffron; then boyl it a lit∣tle, and put it up for Use. This is excellent for Bruises and Aches. For Spitting of Blood, Take of the Leaves of St. John's-wort,

Hart's-tongue, Speed-well, Mouse-ear, and Ground-Ivy, each one Handful; of the Roots of Chervil, and fresh Nettles, each one Ounce; boyl them in three Pints of Fountain-water, to two; add an Ounce and an half of Raisins of the Sun ston'd, of Liquorish two Drams, of the Byzan∣tine Syrup two Ounces; clarifie them with the White of an Egg, and make an Apozem: Take four or six Ounces twice or thrice a Day, for a Month.

Iuly-flowers, in Latin Caryophyllus.

They are Ce∣phalick and Cordial. The Syrup is chiefly used, and is made in the following manner: Take of fragrant July-flowers, the White be∣ing cut off, one Pound; pour on them a Quart of Spring-water, and let them stand all Night; then strain the Liquor, and, be∣ing gently warm'd, dissolve therein four Pounds of the whitest Sugar, without boil∣ing it; and make a Syrup.

Iuniper-tree, in Latin Juniperus.

It spreads it self near the Ground. The Leaves are like the Leaves of Furze, but not so large, nor so prickly; they are always green; they are stiff, and smooth above; they are seldom an Inch long, and are very nar∣row. The Branches are divided into many Twigs. The Berries are many, round, and twice as large as Pepper; when they are ripe they are blackish; they taste acrid and resinous, with a sort of Sweetness.

The Wood being burnt, perfumes the Air. The Berries are good for a cold Stomach, and are good a∣gainst Wind and Gripes: They provoke Urine, and expel Poyson, and are good in Diseases of the Head and Nerves. The Oyl of Juniper is much in use; it helps the Tooth-ach, and is good in the Cholick, and against Gravel: The Dose is five or six Drops, in a proper Vehicle.

Climbing-Ivy, in Latin Hedera Arborea.

'Tis fre∣quently used outwardly, upon Issues, and for Pains

in the Ears proceeding from Matter contain'd within. The Ancients boyl'd the Leaves in Wine, and applied them to Burns, and malignant Ulcers. Some that are afflicted with the Gout apply the green Leaves to the pain'd Parts. A Pugil of the dried Flowers, taken in Wine, cures the Bloody Flux. A large quantity of the Pow∣der of the ripe Berries taken in Wine, is an ex∣cellent Remedy for the Plague. A Dram of the Stones taken in Wine, pro∣vokes Urine, and expels Gravel. Three of the Stones powder'd, and ta∣ken, with a little Saffron, in Penny-royal-water, for some Days, in the Morn∣ing, scarce ever fails to move the Courses: It must be taken hot.

The Berries purge up∣wards and downwards. The Oyl of the Berries, drawn by Distillation, is very good for cold Diseases of the Joints: It provokes the Courses, expels Gravel, and cures sordid Ulcers. Take one Dram of the ripe Berries, dried in the Shade, and powder'd, in a Glass of White-wine: This is very Sudorifick, and is good in the Plague, and for Pains of the Stomach.

Ground-Ivy, in Latin Hedera terrestris.

'Tis Vul∣nerary, either outwardly applied, or taken inward∣ly. 'Tis also Diuretick, and moves the Courses. 'Tis frequently used for Diseases of the Lungs, for Obstructions of the Kid∣nies, and the Jaundice, and in Clysters for the Cholick. The People in the North put it into their Beer, to clear it; and therefore it is call'd Ale∣hoof. The Juice of it drawn up into the No∣strils, cures inveterate and violent Head-aches. A Tincture of the Leaves, made in Nantz-Brandy, is excellent in the Cholick. Take of the Conserve of Red Roses four Ounces, of Flowers of Sulphure four Scruples, of pure Oyl of Turpentine one Dram, of the Species of the Lungs of a Fox three Drams, of Syrup of Ground-Ivy a suf∣ficient

quantity; make a Linctus: Lick of it often in a Day, with a Liquorish∣stick. This is proper to stop a Tickling Cough.

K.

KIdny, or French-beans, in Latin Phaseolus.

They provoke Urine, and are good in the Stone, a Dram of the Powder of them being taken in White-wine. They are of easie Digestion, and excite Ve∣nery.

Common Knot-grass, in Latin Polygonum mas vul∣gare.

The Root is hard, woody, and single, and has many Fibres, and is of an astringent Taste. It has many Stalks; they are sometimes upright, but they oftner bend towards the Earth, or lie on it; they are above two Foot long; they are small, round, solid and smooth. The Leaves are placed alternately; they are oblong, narrow, and smooth, and are placed on very short Foot-stalks. From the Wings of the lower Leaves, at the Knots of the Stalks, come forth small Branches: And from the Wings of the Upper, two or three small Flowers together, on short Foot-stalks; they consist of five Leaves, and are of a light purple Colour. The Seeds are pretty large, triangu∣lar, and of a dark Chesnut-colour.

'Tis Vulnerary, Drying, and Astringent. 'Tis chief∣ly used for stopping all Fluxes. Outwardly 'tis used for Wounds and Ul∣cers, and for Inflammations of the Eyes. A certain Nobleman that vomited Blood, and had used other Medicines in vain, was much reliev'd by the Juice of this, in a little Styptick Wine.

L.

COmmon Ladies-bed-straw, in Latin Gal∣lium luteum vulgare.

This Ladies-bed-straw rises up with several small, brown

and square, upright Stalks, a Yard high, or more; sometimes branch'd forth into many Parts, full of Joints, and with several very small, fine Leaves at every one of them, little, or not at all rough. At the Tops of the Branches grow many long Tufts, or Branches of yellow Flow∣ers, set very thick together, one above another; they smell pretty strong and re∣sinous. The Seed is small, and black; and two, for the most part, joyn'd toge∣ther. The Root is red∣dish, and has many small Fibres.

The Tops of it turn Milk, like Rennet. The Herb, or the Powder of it, stops Bleeding; and is commended for Cancerous Ulcers.

Ladies-mantle, in La∣tin Alchimilla.

It has a Root of the thickness of the Little Finger, or Thumb, consisting of many Fibres, that are astringent, and drying. Some thin, hairy Stalks arise, branching out about nine Inches high; upon which there are small Flowers, of a Grass-colour, placed in a Circle; each consists of eight Leaves, four large, and four small; placed alternately; in the middle whereof are little yellow Tufts. The Flow∣ers grow on the uppermost Seminal Vessels; two small, shining Seeds are contain'd in each Vessel, not exactly round, but somewhat long in one part. Some of the Leaves arise immediately from the Root, with long, hairy Foot-stalks, about one Handful and an half long: Others adhere to the Stalk, by a short, or no Foot-stalk at all. As to other things, the Leaf is like a Mallow, of a Colour betwixt yellow and green, and hairy under; divided into eight or nine obtuse Angles, peculiar Nerves coming into each Angle, from the Foot-stalks; they are neatly indented about the Edges. It grows in Meadows and Pastures, especially on hilly Grounds, spontaneously. There is abundance of it in the North of England, in York∣shire and Derbyshire, where

it is commonly called Bear's-foot.

'Tis an excellent Wound-herb. 'Tis hot and dry, and astringent. It stops Bleeding, the Courses, and the Whites. The Leaves, the Tops, and the Roots are used in Vulnerary Po∣tions, Powders, Plasters, and Ointments. Rags dip∣ped in a Decoction of it, and applied to Women's Breasts when they are very lax, renders them hard and solid. It agglutinates in∣ward Wounds, and Rup∣tures. And the Decoction of it, or the Powder of the dried Herb, taken in the Decoction, or in the di∣still'd Water, is excellent in curing Children's Burst∣en Bellies. The Astringent Quality is chief in this Plant; by means whereof it does what it does. Take of Ladies-mantle, Sanicle, Golden-rod, Sengreen, Be∣tony and Agrimony, each one Handful; Marsh-mal∣lows two Handfuls; Fern, Flowers of Camomile, St. John's-wort, Mugwort, Briars, Origanum, and Tor∣mentil-Leaves and Roots, each one Handful; put them into three Bags, then boyl them in the Faeces of Red Wine; and apply them one after another. These are very astringent, and of good use to stop Fluxes.

Ladies-smock, in La∣tin Cardamine.

The Root is white, thick, and has many small Fibres. It has most commonly but one Stalk, upright, round, firm and smooth, and about nine Inches high, reddish near the Earth. 'Tis divided into Branches, at the top whereof are many Flowers together, of a light-purple Colour; they are large, and consist of four obtuse, veiny Leaves. The Cods are of a deep purple Co∣lour, and a Finger in length, or longer; they are upright, rigid, and some∣what flat. The Leaves are of two sorts; the Lower lie on the Earth, and are divided into four or five small Leaves, sticking to the Rib by Intervals; the Uppermost, on the Stalk, have no Foot-stalks; they are smooth, and divided into small pieces. It

tastes like Water-cres∣ses.

Take of the Conserve of Ladies-smock and Brook-lime, made with an equal weight of Sugar, each three Ounces; of the Species of the three Sanders, of Diar∣rhod••, Abbatis, each one Dram and an half; of Ivo∣ry powder'd one Dram, of Pearl half a Dram, of Salt of Wormwood and Tama∣ris, each one Dram; make an Electuary, with a suffi∣cient quantity of Syrup of Coral: Take the quantity of a Nutmeg Night and Morning. This is good in an hot Scurvy.

Lavender, in Latin Lavendula.

'Tis Cephalick, and good for the Nerves; and is much of the same Virtue with Staechas. 'Tis chiefly used in Catarrhs for Palsies, Convulsions, Gid∣diness, Lethargy, and the like. It provokes Urine, and the Courses, and ha∣stens Delivery: And it is used for Flatulent Gripes. 'Tis used outwardly in Fo∣mentations. The distill'd Water, the Conserve, and the Oyl are in use. The following Medicine is counted excellent to hasten Delivery: Take of the Seeds of Lavender half a Dram, of the Seeds of Plan∣tane and Endive, each two Scruples; make a Powder: Take it in the Waters of Endive and Holly, each three Ounces. The Oyl of it kills Lice in Children's Heads, their Heads being anointed with it. The Spi∣rit of it is most in use, and is, indeed, an excellent Me∣dicine. 'Tis made in the following manner: Take of the Flowers of Lavender one Gallon, pour on them three Gallons of the best Brandy, and stop the Ves∣sel close; let them infuse in the Sun for the space of six Days, then distil them in an Alembeck. Take of the Flowers of Sage, Rose∣mary and Betony, each one Handful; of Borrage, Bug∣loss, Lilly of the Vallies, and Cowslips, each two Handfuls; infuse all these Flowers, gather'd in Sea∣son, in a Gallon of the best Brandy, and mingle it with the Spirit of Lavender a∣bove-mention'd, adding of

the Leaves of Balm, Fever∣few, Oranges, and Lawrel-berries, each one Ounce: After sufficient Digestion, distil them again; and at length add of Orange and Citron-Peel, and the Seed of Peony, each six Drams; Cinnamon, Nurmegs, Mace, Cardamoms, Cubebs, and Yellow-Sanders, of each half an Ounce; of the Wood of Aloes one Dram; digest them twenty four Hours, strain them, then add of prepar'd Pearl two Drams; of Amber-grease, Musk and Saffron, each half a Scruple; of dried Roses, and Red-Sanders, each half an Ounce; of Yellow-Sanders, and the Bark of dried Citron, each two Drams; hang the Spe∣cies in a Rag, in the Spirit above-mention'd.

Common Lavender-c••t∣ton, in Latin Abrotanum faemina vulgare.

The Root is thick, hard and woody. The Twigs are above two Foot high; they are woo∣dy, tender, and white with Down, and are divided in∣to many Branches, and are encompass'd by the Leaves, which are about an Inch long, and a little indented; they have a Physical Smell, and a bitter and acrid Taste.

'Tis chiefly used in Ob∣structions of the Liver and Kidnies, and to cure the Jaundice. It kills Worms. And the dried Leaves do good for the Whites.

Spurge-Laurel, in Latin Laureola.

'Tis about four Foot high, or higher. The Stalk is sometimes single, and sometimes divided in∣to Branches. The Bark is whitish. The Stalk bends easily, but is hard to break. The Leaves are placed at the top of the Stalk; they are like Laurel-leaves. The whole Plant tastes hot.

Being chew'd, it in∣flames the Jaws. Taken inwardly, it provokes Vo∣miting; and hurts and burns the Stomach, and in∣ward Parts; and there∣fore, by reason of its great Acrimony, 'tis seldom pre∣scrib'd by Physicians. The Powder of it infus'd in

Vinegar, and sprinkled up∣on Cancers, does good be∣fore they are ulcer'd.

Leeks, in Latin Por∣rum.

They have the same Virtue with Onions.

Garden-Lettice, in La∣tin Lactuca sativa.

It cools the Stomach, and qualifies Choler and Heat, and dis∣poses to Rest, and increases Milk, and yields good Nourishment. In Fren∣zies, Madness, and Burn∣ing Fevers, and the like, apply to the Temples, and the Coronal Suture, and also to the Wrists, double Rags, dip'd in Lettice-wa∣ter wherein Sal prunella has been dissolv'd, viz. half an Ounce to a Pint of the Water.

Lilly of the Vallies, in Latin Lilium convalli∣um.

It has a small, white, fibrous Root. The Stalk is angular, and about an Hand high. The Leaves are like the Leaves of the smallest Water-Plantane. It has small, white Bell-Flowers, of a pleasant Smell.

The Flowers and Leave are counted good in Apo∣plexies, Palsies, for the Falling-sickness, and Gid∣diness, and other cold Dis∣eases of the Head. Take of Conserve of Lilly of the Vallies six Ounces, of the Powder of the Root of Male-Peony half an Ounce, of Humane-skull prepar'd three Drams, of the Seeds and Flowers of Male-Peo∣ny powder'd, each two Drams; of Red Coral pre∣par'd, of Pearl, and the whitest Amber, each one Dram; of Salt of Coral four Scruples, of the Syrup of the Flowers of Male-Peony a sufficient quanti∣ty; make an Electuary: The Dose is two Drams, Morning and Evening. This is commended in an Apo∣plexy.

Water-Lilly, in Latin Nymphaea.

The Roots, the Leaves, the Flowers, and Seeds of the Yellow and White Water-Lilly are used in Fluxes; especially for a Gonorrhaea, and nocturnal Pollutions. They are said to lessen Venery. The Root of the White Water-Lilly

moderates the Flux of the Courses. Take of the Wa∣ters of Purslane, Lettice, Roses and Water-Lillies, each one Ounce; of Syrup of Violets, and of Water-Lillies, each six Drams; of Sal prunella one Dram: Take this often, and it will cure the Heat of U∣rine.

White-Lilly, in Latin Lilium.

The distill'd Wa∣ter of it is given to Women that have hard Labours, and to expel the After-birth. The Root is com∣monly used in Cataplasms to asswage Pain, and to ri∣pen Tumours. The Oyl of Lillies serves for the same purpose. 'Tis said, many People in Dropsies have been cured with the Juice mix'd with Barly-flower, and made into Bread; which Bread they must use only for the space of a Month, or six Weeks.

Lime-tree, in Latin Tilia.

The Bark and the Leaves repel, and dry, and provoke Urine, and the Courses. A Mucilage of the Bark does much Good in Burns and Wounds. The Leaves rub'd, and sprinkl'd with Water, dis∣cuss Swellings of the Feet. The Flowers are Cepha∣lick, and smell sweet. The distill'd Water of them is frequently used for the Fal∣ling-sickness, Giddiness, and Apoplexies: The Dose is one Ounce, or one Ounce and an half. Women use it to beautifie their Faces: And some take it for the Gripes. The Berries pow∣der'd, are much commend∣ed for the Bloody-Flux, and other Fluxes of the Belly. Being rub'd with Vinegar, and put up the Nostrils, they stop Bleed∣ing at the Nose: And some of them taken inwardly, do the same.

Liquorish, in Latin Gly∣cyrr••iza.

'Tis good for the Lungs, and the Reins. It mitigates Acrimony, and helps Expectoration, and gently loosens Children's Bellies. 'Tis chiefly used for Coughs, Hoarsness, Consumption, Pleurisie, E∣rosions of the Bladder, and Sharpness of Urine. Syrup

of Liquorish is made in the following manner: Take of Green Liquorish, cleans∣ed and bruis'd, two Oun∣ces; of White Maiden-hair one Ounce, of Hyssop half an Ounce; pour on them three Pints of hot Fountain-water, let them stand in Infusion twenty four Hours; strain it, and clarifie it; and with the best Hony, and Fine Su∣gar, each ten Ounces, make a Syrup, according to Art.

Liverwort, in Latin Hepatica vulgaris.

The Root of it is as fine as Silk. The Leaves are a Fingers-breadth, and twice as long, or longer; above they are green, or a little yellowish; they are scaly, like the Skin of a Serpent; they have no Flowers. The Stalk is white, firm and juicy, and about four Inches long; upon which there is, as it were, a small Fungus. It grows in shady, wet places, among Stones. It tastes a little bitterish, and astrin∣gent.

'Tis chiefly used in Ob∣structions of the Liver and Bladder. 'Tis good in the Jaundice, for the Itch, and a Gonorrhaea. Outwardly applied, it stops Blood in Wounds.

Lovage, in Latin Le∣visticum.

The Stalk is as high as a Man, thick-joint∣ed, hollow, and channel'd. The Leaves are large, and divided into Wings; they are of a shining Green, and of a strong Smell. At the top of the Stalks and Branches are large Tufts of yellow Flowers. The Seed is pretty large, and flat. The Root is thick, and woody.

'Tis Alexipharmick, Di∣uretick, and Vulnerary. It strengthens the Stomach, and does good in an Asth∣ma. It forces the Courses, and the Monthly Purga∣tions; and expels a dead Child. It opens Obstru∣ctions of the Liver and Spleen; and cures the Jaundice. 'Tis used out∣wardly, in Baths, and Ca∣taplasms for the Womb. The Virtues of it are much the same with Angelica,

and Master-wort. Half a Dram of the Seed provokes the Courses. The Juice of the Leaves expels the After-birth.

Lung-wort, in Latin Muscus arboreus.

It grows on old Oaks and Beeches, in dark, shady, old Woods. It has broad, grayish, rough Leaves, variously folded, crumpl'd and gash'd on the edges, and sometimes spot∣ted on the upper side. It bears no Stalk, nor Flower.

'Tis Drying, and Astrin∣gent. It stops Bleeding, and cures fresh Wounds. It stops the Courses, and the Flux of the Belly. The Powder, the Syrup, and the distill'd Water of it are commonly used for Diseases of the Lungs; as, Coughs, Short Breath, Consumptions, and the like. That which grows on an Oak is excellent in curing the Jaundice: Take one Handful of it, and boyl it in a Pint of Small Beer, in a Pot well stop∣ped, till half is consum'd: Take thirteen Spoonfuls of it warm, Morning and Evening.

Lupines, in Latin Lu∣pinus sativus.

Inwardly ta∣ken, it kills Worms. But it is chiefly used outward∣ly, in Cataplasms for Gan∣greens, and malignant Ul∣cers, and the like.

M.

MAdder, in Latin Ru∣bia tinctorum.

'Tis used in Vulnerary Potions; but whether it is Astrin∣gent, or Opening, is dis∣puted. They that count it Astringent, prescribe it for the Bloody-Flux, the Flux of the Courses, and of the Hemorrhoids. They that suppose it is Opening, use it in the Jaundice, for the Dropsie, and Obstruction of Urine. And perhaps it partakes of both Qualities, first Opening, and then Binding, as is the Nature of Rubarb.

White Maiden-hair, or Wall-Rue, in Latin Adian∣••um album.

'The Root is

very small, consisting of ve∣ry small, black Fibres. It grows upon old Walls. It has many Foot-stalks, that are small, and about half an Hand high, and blackish about the Roots, or brown; they are elsewhere green, and somewhat divided at top. From the Extremi∣ties and Sides of these the Leaves grow; they are channel'd, and somewhat stiff, and indented about the Edges; the upper Part is green, the Under sprink∣led with red or brown Powder, that seems fine, and tastes somewhat sowre and astringent, with a lit∣tle mixture of Sweetness. It grows in Cambridgshire, on the Walls of Cherry-Hinton-Church.

It removes the Tartare∣ous and Viscous Mucilage that is contain'd in the Lungs; and therefore it is good for those that have Coughs, and Short Breath; and for others that have Pains in the Side, or in the Kidnies or Bladder. It gently provokes Urine, and expels Stones and Gravel; and is of great use in Children's Ruptures, the Powder of it being given four Days together. Take of Syrup of Maiden-hair, and of Jujubes, each three Ounces; of Oyl of Flax fresh drawn two Oun∣ces, of Fine Sugar two Drams; mingle them, make a Lohoch: Take half a Spoonful every other Hour. This is good for Coughs, and Pains of the Sides.

Common Mallow, in Latin Malva vulgaris.

It mollifies, eases Pain, loos∣ens the Belly, mitigates Sharpness of Urine. 'Tis used outwardly, in Cata∣plasms, and Fomentations, to ripen Tumours, and to ease Pain; and in Clysters, to loosen the Belly in Ne∣phritick Pains. Three Ounces of the Decoction of the Leaves, or the di∣still'd Water of them, with one Ounce and an half of Syrup of Violets, cure Heat of Urine presently.

Marsh-Mallows, in La∣tin Althaea.

It softens, dis∣cusses, eases Pain, brings Tumours to Suppuration,

and corrects sharp Hu∣mours. The Herb, the Root, and Seeds, are all good for the same purpose. 'Tis chiefly used for Dis∣eases of the Bladder, and the Stone of the Kidnies; and for an Asthma, and Pleurisie. 'Tis also used in Clysters, and Cataplasms. The Syrup of Marsh-mal∣lows is made in the follow∣ing manner: Take of the Roots of Marsh-mallows two Ounces; of Meadow-grass, Asparagus, Liquo∣rish, Raisins of the Sun, and Red Chich-Pease, each one Ounce; Tops of Marsh-mallows, Mallows, Pellito∣ry of the Wall, Pimpernel, Common Maiden-hair, and Mont pelier-Maiden-hair, of each of Handful; of the four Lesser and Great Cold Seeds, each two Handfuls; wash and cleanse the Roots from their Dirt, Pith and Strings, and slice them; and having boyld the Grass-Roots a quarter of an Hour, first, in eight Pints of Foun∣tain-water, put into the Decoction the Roots of Marsh-mallows and Aspa∣ragus, and let them boyl well for half an Hour; then add the Raisins cut, and the Chich-pease whole; when they have boyld a little while, put in the Tops of the Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Pellitory, and Pimpernel, shred, and boyl them about a quarter of an Hour among the rest; after that, add the Liquo∣rish slic'd, and the Maiden-hair cut; and when they begin to boyl, put in the cold Seeds, thrust them down into the Decoction, and take the whole off the Fire, and strain them a quarter of an Hour after∣wards; then clarifie the Liquor with the White of an Egg; add four Pounds of Sugar, and boyl it over a moderate Fire, to the Consistence of a Syrup. Ointment of Marsh-mal∣lows is made in the follow∣ing manner: Take of the fresh Roots of Marsh-mal∣lows two Pounds, Flax and Fenugreek-seeds, of each one Pound; of Fountain-water eight Pints; let them infuse three Days, then boyl them gently, and press out the Mucilage; whereof, take two Pounds, of Com∣mon Oyl four Pints; let

them boyl together till the watery Part of the Muci∣lage is evaporated; then add one Pound of Yellow Wax, Rosin half a Pound, Turpentine two Ounces; boyl them to the Consi∣stence of an Ointment.

Vervain-Mallow, in La∣tin Alcea vulgaris.

It has a woody, Perennial Root, which sends forth many Stalks, three or four Foot high, or higher; they are round, fill'd with a fungous Pith, and hairy; the Hairs are few, and long; they are cover'd with a Sky-colour'd Dust, which may be easily wiped off. The Leaves that come from the Root, and the lowermost on the Stalks, are somewhat round, and indented about the Edges, and are placed on long Foot-stalks▪ Those that are on the Stalks are placed alternately; the nearer they approach to the Top, so much shorter are their Foot-stalks; and they are cut in deeper. There are most commonly five large Jags, almost like the Leaves of Monk's-hood; they are of a dark-green Colour, and hairy, especially on the Under∣side. A Flower is placed in every Wing of the Leaves, and has an hairy, four-square Foot-stalk; and there is great Abundance of them on the Stalks, and upon the tops of the Branches; they are large, and of a purple Colour, and consist of five channel'd Leaves, jointed at the bot∣tom. The Cup is hairy, and divided into five Parts; under which there are three narrow Leaves, that come together when the Flower falls, and make a Recepta∣cle for the Seeds, which are hairy and black when they come to maturity; joyn'd together, they represent a Cheese. It grows frequent∣ly among Bushes.

'Tis reckon'd amongst Emplastick and Emollient Medicines. And as it is like, so it agrees in Virtue with the Mallow. 'Tis much commended by Em∣pericks, for curing Dimn∣ness of Sight. A Deco∣ction of it is good for the Gripes.

The Great Maple, com∣monly call'd the Sycamore-tree, tho' falsly, in Latin Acer majus.

I think it does not grow of its own accord amongst us; yet it is so frequent in Courts, and Church-yards, and about Gentlemen's Houses, that it may be well reckon'd amongst those that are ours by Adoption.

At the Beginning of spring, when the buds grow big, but before they un∣fold themselves into Leaves, this Tree, being cut in the Trunk, Branches, or Roots, yields plentifully, like the Birch-tree, a sweet Liquor, fit to be drunk. Also in the Autumn, presently af∣ter the Leaves fall off: And in the Winter too, when it is cold, and some∣what frosty; for we have observ'd in this Tree, and in the Lesser Maple, and also in the Walnut tree, cut or bored, that after a Frosty Night, when the Sun shines clear, (if the Frost has not been too vio∣lent) the Juice flows plen∣tifully when the Sun has been up two or three Hours, especially about Noon. And after a long and hard Frost, just when the Frost begins to break, it flows most of all.

Garden-Marigold, in Latin Calendula sativa.

The Flowers are Cordial, He∣patick, and Alexipharmick; and provoke Sweat, and the Courses, and hasten Delivery. The distill'd Water drop'd into the Eyes, or Rags wet in it, and applied to them, cures the Redness and Inflam∣mation of them. Take of Conserve of Marigold-flowers two Ounces, Con∣fection of Alkermes, and of Hyacinth, each two Drams; of Pearl powder'd one Ounce, of Syrup of the Juice of Citron a sufficient quantity; make a Confe∣ction: Take the quantity of a Nutmeg Night and Morning. This is very Cordial, and refreshes the Spirits.

Marjoram, in Latin Majorana.

It digests, and attenuates. 'Tis good in cold Diseases of the Head, taken any way. The Pow∣der

of the dried Herb drawn up into the Nostrils, provokes Sneezing. Take of the Leaves of Marjo∣ram, Rosemary and Sage, each half a Dram; of To∣bacco one Dram, of White Hellebore and Ginger, each one Scruple; of Musk two Grains; make a Sneezing-powder.

Master-wort, in Latin Imperatoria.

'Tis Alexi∣pharmick, and Sudorifick. It expels Wind, and is ex∣cellent in the Cholick. 'Tis chiefly used for the Biting of venomous Creatures, and malignant Diseases. It helps Expectoration, and cures a Stinking Breath, and is good for Flegmatick Diseases of the Head, a Palsie, Apoplexy, and the like. Half a Spoonful of the Powder of it, taken in Wine, an Hour before the Fit comes, is said to cure a Quartan-Ague. 'Tis also counted very good for the Dropsie, and long Fevers. A piece of the Root put into an hollow Tooth, eases the Pain. 'Tis, in Shape and Virtue, much like Angelica.

Maudlin, in Latin Age∣ratum vulgare.

It agrees in Virtue and Temperament with Costmary.

Stinking May-weed, in Latin Cotula foetida.

The Root is single, white, and has many Fibres. It has sometimes but one Stalk, sometimes more; they are a Foot high, round, and smooth, or with a short Down; they are full of Branches, which come from the Wings of the Leaves, and grow higher than the Stalks. The Leaves are placed alternately; they are cut into narrow and sharp Jags, and are of a pale-green Colour; they stink. Upon the top of the Stalks and Branches grow pretty large Flowers; they are placed upon long Foot-stalks, their Leaves are white, the Dish or Bottom is yellow; when the Flowers fade, the Dish grows round. It grows commonly amongst Corn, and in Till'd Grounds.

The Decoction of this Herb is used by some

successfully for the King's-Evil.

Meadow-sweet, in La∣tin Ʋlmaria.

The Fibres of the Roots are reddish, and woody. The Stalk is three Foot high, or higher, upright, angular, smooth, reddish, firm and branchy. The Leaves grow to the Stalk alternately, by In∣tervals; they are broad, and wing'd, and deeply in∣dented about the Edges; they are rough, hard, and crumpl'd, like Elm-leaves; above they are green, un∣derneath white; they smell and taste pleasantly. Tufts of white Flowers stand thick together on the tops of the Stalks and Branches; they smell sweeter than the Leaves. The Seeds are oblong, naked, and crook∣ed. It grows in moist Meadows, and on the Banks of Brooks.

'Tis Sudorifick, and A∣lexipharmick. 'Tis good in Fluxes of all Kinds; for a Loosness, the Bloody Flux, the Flux of the Courses, and for Spitting of Blood; and also in the Plague. The Leaves put into Wine or Beer, im∣part a pleasant Taste to it. 'Tis an Ingredient in the Milk-Water called Aqua Lactis alexiteria, which is made in the following man∣ner: Take of the Leaves of Meadow-sweet, Car∣duus B. and Goat's-Rue, each six Handfuls; of Mint, and common Worm∣wood, each five Handfuls; of Rue three Handfuls, of Angelica two Handfuls; bruise them, and add to them three Gallons of New Milk; distil them in a cold Still.

Medlar-tree, in Latin Mespilus.

Medlars stop Vo∣miting, and all Fluxes of the Belly.

Melilot, in Latin Meli∣lotus.

The Root is white, small, clammy, and has short Fibres. It has many Stalks, two or three Foot high, or higher, smooth, round, channel'd, empty, weak and branchy. The Leaves are placed alter∣nately, by Intervals, three on one Foot-stalk, about an Inch and an half long:

The Leaves are oblong, smooth, indented, and most times gnaw'd about the edges, and of a dull green Colour. The Flowers are placed on long Spikes, that come from the Wings of the Leaves; they are small, and yellow. Short, hang∣ing, wrinkl'd Cods succeed them, that are black when they are ripe. The Seed is yellowish. It flowers in June and July, and grows amongst Bushes, and some∣times with Corn.

It digests, mollifies, and eases Pain; for which pur∣poses it is commonly used in Plasters and Cataplasms. To ease the Pain in a Pleu∣rifie, the following Fomen∣tation has been used with good Success: Take of the Herb Melilot, and true Pellitory, each two Hand∣fuls; of Betony one Hand∣ful; make a Decoction, and apply it to the Breast often.

Melon, in Latin Melo.

They are cold and moist, and apt to putrifie in the Stomach, and to occasion Fevers and Gripes. The Seed is one of the Great Cold Seeds. Take of Seeds of Melons and Pumpions, each half an Ounce; of the Seeds of White-Poppy two Drams, eight Sweet Almonds blanch'd; beat them in a Marble-Mortar, and pour on them gradual∣ly a Pint and an half of Barly-water; strain it, and sweeten it with Fine Su∣gar; make an Emulsion. This is used to cure Heat of Urine.

Common English Mercu∣ry, or All-good, in Latin Bonus Henericus.

The Root is thick, and yellowish, and has some Fibres; 'tis acrid, and bitter. It sends forth many Stalks that are chan∣nel'd, partly erect, and partly supine; they have a small Down on them, and are a Foot, or two Foot high. The Leaves are tri∣angular, like Orache, or Cuckow-pint; above they are smooth, under sprinkl'd with fine Flower; they are placed upon long Foot-stalks, joyn'd alternately to the Stalks; they taste somewhat nitrous. The little Flowers are placed on

the Top-branches, in Clu∣sters, on an Ear; they are yellow, and have Threads; the come out of a five-leav'd Cup; they are so very small, that the Parts of them can scarce be dis∣cern'd. The Seeds are small, and black when they are ripe, and in Figure like a Kidny; they are either included in Membranace∣ous Bladders, or in the Flowers. It grows in Courts, and Cross-ways, and amongst Rubbish, and also frequently with Pot-herbs. It flowers in April and May.

'Tis excellent for cleans∣ing and healing sordid Ul∣cers. The Leaves boyl'd with Pot-herbs, and eaten, render the Body loose. It kills the Worms that are in the putrid Ulcers of Four-footed Beasts, being bruis∣ed, and applied to the Ul∣cers. The whole Herb, used in form of a Cata∣plasm, mitigates the Pain of the Gout; and there is no Danger to be fear'd from the Use of it in this Case; for it does not re∣pel, but discusses, and di∣gests; and besides, is Ano∣dine: Which Qualities are rarely found in one Simple. Take of Common English Mercury, green, without the Flowers, four Hand∣fuls; of Camomile and Elder-flowers dried, two Handfuls; beat them gros∣ly, and boyl them in a suf∣ficient quantity of Elder-water, till they are very tender; then mix with them of Gum-Caranna and Camphor, each half an Ounce; make a Cata∣plasm for the Gout. Take of the Leaves of Mercury, Marsh-mallows, and Pelli∣tory, each one Handful; of the Flowers of Camo∣mile one Pugil; of Car∣raway, Cumin-seeds, and Laurel-berries, each one Ounce; boyl them in clear Posset-drink; to twelve Ounces of the strain'd Li∣quor, add three Ounces of Hony of Mercury, and two Drams of Hierapicra; mingle them, and make a Carminative Clyster. This is useful in the Cholick.

Dog's-Mercury, in La∣tin Cynocrambe.

It has ma∣ny small, fibrous Roots,

that are Perennial and pli∣ant, of a nauseous, sweet∣ish Taste; both the Male and Female creep in the Ground; they are fill'd with an hard Nerve, like the Fibres of Hellebore. It has many Stalks, round and jointed; they have large Spaces betwixt the Joints; they are a Foot high, and without Branch∣es; near the Earth they are of a purple Colour. The Leaves are placed by Pairs, upon the Joints, one opposite to another, and are two or three Inches long, (those that are be∣low are much less) and are sharp-pointed, and in∣dented about the Edges; they have short Foot-stalks; they have a nauseous Taste. The Foot-stalks come from the Wings of the Leaves. The little Flowers are of a greenish Colour, and con∣sist of three Leaves. It grows commonly in Woods and Hedges, and other sha∣dy Places.

Prevotius, in his Book of Medicines for the Poor, ranks it amongst those things that evacuate Sero∣sities gently.

Milfoil, in Latin Mille∣folium.

The Stalks are sometimes two Foot high, and higher; they are small, stiff, round, channel'd, hai∣ry, and full of Pith, and divided at top into Twigs. Many long Leaves lie on the Ground, which are fine∣ly cut into many small Parts, finer than Tansie; they are a little indented about the edges: The Leaves on the Stalks are smaller and finer near the tops, where stand Tufts of small, white Flowers, with a yellowish Thrum in the middle; of a strong Smell, but not unpleasant. The Root is woody, fibrous and blackish.

It stops Blood. 'Tis used for Bleeding at the Nose, and for all Fluxes. 'Tis out∣wardly applied for Bleed∣ing at the Nose, and for the Head-ach; and to heal Wounds and Ruptures.

Milk-wort, in Latin Polygala.

The Root is woody, white, of a bit∣terish Taste, and somewhat Aromatick. It has many Stalks; some upright, and

some creeping; they are about an Hand in length, and somewhat reddish. It has many Leaves, that grow alternately. The lit∣tle Flowers are placed on a Spike, and are of a Sky-colour; and sometimes white, and of other Co∣lours. The Leaves that grow on the Stalks are ob∣long, and sharp; those that lie on the Ground are roundish. It grows com∣monly in dry Pastures.

An Handful of it infus'd in Wine all Night, purges Choler by Stool very much.

Mint, in Latin Mentha.

It strengthens the Stomach, takes off Crudities, and the Hickops, stops Vomiting, and expels Wind. Two Ounces of the Water taken often stops Vomiting. Out∣wardly applied, it takes off the Hardness of the Breasts, and dissolves Curdl'd Milk, and prevents the Breeding of it. The distill'd Water cures the Gripes in Chil∣dren. The Smell of it strengthens the Brain, and preserves the Memory.

Take of Black-Cherry-water, and Balm-water, each three Ounces; Dr. Stephens's Water one Ounce and an half, Spirit of Mint three Drams, Confection of Alkermes two Drams, of Syrup of Mint a suffi∣cient quantity; make a Julep: The Dose is five Spoonfuls. This is good for Pains of the Stomach, and for Fainting.

Misleto, in Latin Viscus.

It grows on Apple-trees, Pear-trees and Crab-trees; on Ashes and Oaks; that which grows on the Oaks is most esteem'd. It grows also on the Barberry-tree, and the Hasel.

Bird-lime is made of the Berries. The Wood is chiefly used for the Falling-sickness, and is counted a Specifick for it. 'Tis also used for Apoplexies and Giddiness: 'Tis taken in∣wardly, or hang'd about the Neck. In all which Diseases 'tis reckon'd very prevalent by Ancient and Modern Physicians. The Powder of it also cures a Pleurisie, and forces the

Courses. Some think that the Misleto that grows on the Hasel-tree is better for the Falling-sickness, and o∣ther Diseases of the Head, than that which grows on the Oak. Henricus ab Steers thinks it does not grow on Hasel-trees till they are a∣bout an Hundred Years old. A young Lady having been long troubled with an almost hereditary Falling-Sickness, and after having been wearied by Courses of Physick prescrib'd her by the famousest Doctors that could be procured, with∣out at all mending, but ra∣ther growing worse; so that sometimes she would have, in one Day, eight or ten dismal Fits, was cured only by the Powder of true Misleto, given, as much as would lie on a Six-pence, early in the Morning, in Black-Cherry-water, or in Beer, for some Days, near the Full-Moon.

Mony-wort, or Herb-Two-pence, in Latin Num∣mularia major vulgaris.

It has many long, slender Branches, that creep on the Ground, with two Leaves at each Joint, opposite to one another; they are al∣most as round as a Penny, but that they are pointed a little at the Ends; they are smooth, and of a yellowish green Colour; they taste dry, and astringent. From the Wings of the Leaves come forth large, yellow Flowers, two most com∣monly at every Joint; they consist of five sharp Leaves. The Seed is very small, and scarce visible.

'Tis dry, astringent and vulnerary. The Flowers and Leaves beat, and ap∣plied to Wounds and Ul∣cers, cure them. Taken in Wine, they cure Dysente∣ries, and other Fluxes, and the Whites, and inward Wounds and Ulcers, espe∣cially of the Lungs. But it is most of all commended for Ruptures in Children, the Powder of it being ta∣ken inwardly, or the Herb being outwardly applied.

Moon-wort, in Latin Lunaria.

It springs up with one dark-green, thick, fat Leaf, standing upon a small Foot-stalk, about an Inch

high: But when it is in Flower it has a small, ten∣der Stalk, about three Inches high. The upper part of it, on each Side, is divided into five or seven Parts, and sometimes more, resembling an Half-moon. On the top of the Stalk are many Branches of small, long Tongues, much like the spiky Head of Adder's-tongue, of a brownish Co∣lour. The Root is small, and fibrous.

The Ointment of it, used to the Region of the Reins, is counted a cer∣tain Cure in the Bloody-Flux.

Cup-Moss, in Latin Muscus pyxidatus.

'Tis of an Ash-colour, and like a Cup.

The Powder of it given in Posset-drink, or Small Beer, cures the Hooping-Cough by a Specifick Qua∣lity: A Scruple of it must be given Night and Morn∣ing. Or, Take an Ounce of the Moss, boyl it in a Quart of some Pectoral Water, till half is consu∣med; then strain it, and make a Syrup with Sugar-Candy: 'Tis good for the same.

Moss of a dead Man's Scull. It being put up the Nostrils, stops Bleed∣ing. 'Tis common in Ire∣land. The Honourable Mr. Boyle was cured of a violent Hemorrhage by the use of it.

Mother-wort, in Latin Cardiaca.

'Tis commend∣ed by some for Diseases of the Heart; but it is pecu∣liarly good for Hypochon∣driack Diseases. It pro∣vokes the Courses and Urine, and cleanses the Breast of Flegm, and kills Worms. A Spoonful of the Powder of it taken in Wine, hastens Delivery wonderfully. A Deco∣ction of it, or the Pow∣der mix'd with Sugar, is very good in a Palpita∣tion of the Heart, and for Hysterick and Hypochon∣driack Diseases. Farriers use it, with good Success, in Diseases of Horses, and other Cattel.

Creeping Mouse-ear, in Latin Philosella repens.

It grows every where in bar∣ren Pastures: It creeps on the Ground by Strings that root, and so it spreads; they contain a bitter Milk. The Leaves are like the Ear of a Mouse, with long Hairs on them; above they are green, below white; they taste dry. Pale yellow Flowers are placed on each Stalk, which is small, hai∣ry, and about an Hand and an half high. It flow∣ers in June and July, and sometimes in May.

'Tis very Astringent, Drying, and Vulnerary; wherefore it is used success∣fully in Wound-drinks, Pla∣sters and Ointments. It cures Dysenteries, and o∣ther Fluxes of the Belly, and stops Vomiting, and cures Children's Ruptures, and is excellent in the Stone. Some commend it for the Jaundice, and Swel∣lings of the Spleen, and at the Beginning of a Dropsie. 'Tis also commended for a Chin-cough. Take Wild-Thyme one Handful, Sas∣safras sliced one Ounce, Hyssop-water two Pints and an half; infuse them on a gentle Heat for six Hours, afterwards strain it, and sweeten it with Syrup of Mouse-ear: Give some Spoonfuls of it oft in a Day. Or, Take Cup∣moss powder'd one Ounce, White Sugar-candy two Ounces; make a Powder: Give one Scruple, twice in a Day, in a Spoonful of Syrup of Mouse-ear. Let the Children continue the use of these things nine Days at least, if the Cough does not go off before.

Mug-wort, in Latin Artemisia.

The Root is a∣bout the bigness of a Fin∣ger, and creeps awry, send∣ing down sometimes large, white Fibres, of an Aroma∣tick Taste, and somewhat sweet. The Stalks are four or five Foot high, of the thickness of a Finger, round, channel'd, strong, and stiff, of a purple Co∣lour, and with short Down on them, and full of Pith. They have many Leaves, placed alternately; at the tops they are branchy; the Leaves have an Aromatick

Smell, somewhat like La∣vender; they are jagged, white above, hoary under∣neath. The Flowers are yellowish. The Seeds are small, and inclosed in round Heads.

'Tis frequently used by Women, inwardly and out∣wardly, in all the Diseases peculiar to them. Three Drams of the Powder of the dried Herb taken in Wine, is an excellent Re∣medy for the Hip-Gout. The green Herb, or the Juice of it, taken in some convenient Liquor, is of great use for those that have taken too much O∣pium. The Syrup of Mug-wort is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Take of Mug-wort two Handfuls, of Penny-royal, Calamint, Wild-Marjoram, Balm, Unspotted Ar••mat, Cre∣tick, Dittany, Savine, Mar∣joram, Ground-pine, Ger∣mander, St. John's▪ wort, Feverfew with the Flow∣ers, the Lesser Centaury, Rue, Betony, Vipers, Bug∣loss, each one Handful; the Roots of Fennel, Smal∣lage, Parsly, Asparagus, Knee-holm, Saxifrage, Ele∣campane, Cyperus-grass, Madder, Flower-de-luce, and Peony, of each one Ounce; of Juniper-berries, of the Seeds of Lovage, Parsly, Smallage, Annise, Nigella, of Cubebs of the true Costus, Woody-Casia, the Sweet-smelling Flag, the Roots of Asarabacca, Pyrethrum and Valerian, each half an Ounce; hav∣ing cleans'd, cut and beat these things, infuse them twenty four Hours in twelve Pints of clear Wa∣ter; distil them in B. M. and draw off eight Pints of Water; put what remains in the Still into a Press, and strain it; boyl six Pounds of White Sugar in a sufficient quantity of the strain'd Liquor, clarified with the White of an Egg, to the Consistence of Tab∣lets; then add the Water before distill'd, and make a Syrup according to Art, and Aromatise it with Cin∣namon and Spikenard.

Mulberry-tree, in La∣tin M••rus.

The Leaves are much used in Italy, Sicily, Spain and France, to nou∣rish

Silk-worms. The Fruit of the Black Mulberry, be∣fore it is ripe, cools, dries, and is very astringent; and therefore proper for a Loosness, the Bloody-Flux the Flux of the Courses, and for Spitting of Blood; and is good for Inflamma∣tions and Ulcers of the Mouth and Throat. When it is ripe it loosens the Bel∣ly, quenches Thirst, and excites Appetite. The Sy∣rup of it is much in use for Gargarisms; as is also Ho∣ny of it. Take of Spring-water a Quart, Julep of Roses one Ounce and an half, Hony of Mulberries six Drams, Rose-Vinegar one Dram, of Spirit of Vi∣triol a sufficient quantity to sharpen it: Make a Gar∣garism.

White Mullein, or High-Taper, in Latin Ver∣bascum album vulgare.

It has many large, woolly Leaves at the Root. It has most commonly but one Stalk, four or five Foot high, round, hairy, stiff, and full of Pith. The Flower has but one Leaf, di∣vided into five obtuse Jags; they stand in a long Spike, and are commonly of a yel∣low Colour. The Seed is small, and brownish. The Root is white, single, woo∣dy, and sends forth some large Fibres from the Sides.

'Tis used for Diseases of the Breast, for a Cough, and Spitting of Blood, and for the Gripes. Outward∣ly the Leaves and Flowers are used for easing Pain, especially of the Piles. The Leaves applied to the Soles of the Feet a few Days be∣fore the usual Time of Pur∣gation, gently provokes the Courses. The following Drink was prescrib'd by a learned Physician, for a Lady that was afflicted with the King's-Evil. Take of Mullein, St. John's-wort, Agrimony, and Betony, each three Handfuls; Sha∣vings of Firr six Handfuls; boyl them in six Gallons of Ale. She drank of it con∣stantly.

Dusty Mushrome, or Puff-balls, in Latin Fungus pulverulentus.

The Dust is very drying, and astringent. It stops Blood in Wounds,

and dries old Ulcers, and stops the Flux of the He∣morrhoids. It certainly cures Chilblains when they are broken: The Sore be∣ing dried with a Rag, ap∣ply the dusty Side, and let it lie on till they are well; if it chance to rub off, ap∣ply it again. This I have often used, and it never fail'd me. The Dust is very prejudicial to the Eyes.

Mustard, in Latin Si∣napi.

It provokes Appe∣tite; is good for Mother-fits, the Falling-sickness, Lethargy, Palsie, and all other Diseases of the Head, being put up the Nostrils, or applied in the manner of a Clyster. It provokes Urine, and the Courses; and is an Incentive to Ve∣nery. It cures Catarrhs, and removes Hoarsness. It loosens the Belly, and discusses Tumours. The Seed of it beat in a Mortar, and mix'd with White-wine, preserv'd the Lives of many Hundreds that were highly Scorbuti∣cal, and in a languishing Condition, in a certain Town that was long be∣sieg'd, and reduc'd to so great Want, that the In∣habitants were forc'd to eat nasty and unwholsom Things, whereby they be∣came diseased; and many died before they thought of Mustard, which grew plen∣tifully in the Town-Ditch; which being used as above-said, recover'd them all. Take of Mustard-seed bruis'd two Drams, of the Roots of Garlick one Ounce, of Black-Soap two Ounces, of Black-Salt one Ounce; make a Cataplasm to be applied to the Soles of the Feet. This is useful in Fevers, to draw the Hu∣mours from the Head.

Hedge-Mustard, in La∣tin Erysimum.

The Root is white, woody, and sin∣gle, and tastes acrid; sel∣dom so thick as the Little-Finger. The Leaves are jagg'd and hairy, and like Shepherd's-purse, but they are blunt at the Ends. The Stalk is about three Foot high, hairy, and branchy. The Flowers are small and yellow, and consist of four small Leaves; they are

placed on long Spikes, flowering by degrees. The Cods are short, scarce a Finger long, round, hairy, and grow flat to the Stalk, upon short Foot-stalks; they end sharp. It grows upon Walls, and among Rubbish, and in Hedges.

A Decoction of it in Wine is good in the Cho∣lick. The Syrup of it is much in use, and is made in the following manner: Take of fresh Hedge-Mu∣stard, Roots and all, six Handfuls; of the Roots of Elecampane, Colt's-foot with the Juice in it, of Li∣quorish, each two Ounces; of the Leaves of Borrage, Succory, and Maiden-hair, each one Handful and an half; of the Cordial-Flowers of Rosemary, and Betony, each half an Handful; of Anise-seeds half an Ounce; of Raisins of the Sun cleans∣ed two Ounces; infuse them a whole Day in Wa∣ter and Mead, each two Pints and an half; of the Juice of Hedge-Mustard clarified eight Ounces; boyl them in B. M. To two Quarts of the Juice, pres∣sed out hard, and clarified, add four Pounds and an half of Fine Sugar: Make a Syrup in B. M. according to Art. This is an excellent Medicine for Coughs, and other Diseases of the Lungs.

Myrtle-tree, in Latin Myrtus.

'Tis astringent. The Leaves and Berries are seldom used inwardly now-a-days; yet they may be used for a Loosness, and Spitting of Blood. The distill'd Water of the Flow∣ers has a delicate Scent. The Syrup of Myrtles is made in the following manner: Take of the Ber∣ries two Ounces and an half, of White and Red Sanders of Sumach, Ba∣laustians of Haw-thorn-berries, and Red Roses, each one Ounce and an half; Medlars sliced half a Pound; beat them, and boyl them in eight Pints of clear Water till half is con∣sum'd; strain it, and add of the Juice of Quinces, and acid Pomegranates, each six Ounces; then make a Syrup with four Pounds of Sugar; the Juices

must be put in at last. Take of Plantane-water, and Cinnamon-water, hor∣deated, each four Ounces; of distill'd Vinegar half an Ounce; of true Bole and Dragon's-blood, each half a Dram; of London-Lau∣danum three Grains, of Sy∣rup of Myrtles one Ounce and an half; mingle them, and make a Julep: Take five or six Spoonfuls every Night, at Bed-time. This is commended for Bleeding at the Nose.

N.

Navel-wort, in Latin Umbilicus veneris.

It has a tuberous Root, and small Fibres. The Leaves are fat, thick and round, and full of Juice, and taste clammy. It has two or three Stalks that are half a Foot high, or higher. The Tops sometimes divide themselves into Branches. It has Flowers almost from Bottom to Top; they are hollow, like a Bell, and of a whitish Colour. The Seeds are small, like the Seeds of Purslain. It grows commonly on old Walls.

'Tis cold and moist, and somewhat astringent. 'Tis good for Inflammations, and St. Anthony's Fire. The Leaves and Roots eaten, are supposed to be good in the Stone, and to force U∣rine. 'Tis also good for the King's-Evil, Kibes and Chilblains, being used in an Ointment.

Nep-Calmint, in La∣tin Mentha Cattaria.

It has a woody Root. The Stalks are three or four Foot high, or higher, four∣square, hairy, and reddish near the Earth, in other parts hoary; they are full of Branches, and bear at every Joint two broad Leaves, like Balm, but longer pointed, softer and whiter; they taste hot, and smell like Mint. The Flowers come from the Wings of the Leaves, on the top of the Stalks and Branches, many together, in large Tufts, and are of a light purple Co∣lour.

'Tis hot and dry. 'Tis chiefly used for Obstru∣ctions of the Womb, for Barrenness, and to hasten Delivery, and to help Ex∣pectoration. 'Tis used outwardly in Baths for the Womb, and the Itch.

Cats tear it to pieces when it is first set in Gar∣dens, unless it be cover'd with Thorns; but when it has flourish'd a while they do not injure it, nor that which is sown; according to the following Rhime:

If you set it, The Cats will eat it: If you sow it, The Cats can't know it.

Nettle, in Latin Ʋrti∣ca.

'Tis Diuretick, and Li∣thontriptick. Eaten with Pot-herbs, it loosens the Belly, expels Gravel, and promotes Expectoration. The Buds are used in Broths, in the Sprin-time, to purifie the Blood. The bruis'd Herb, or the Juice, put up the Nostrils, stops Bleeding at the Nose. It does good in Putrid and Malignant Ulcers, and dis∣cusses h••••d Swellings. The Seed is Diuretick, and pro∣vokes V••n••••y, and is used in Diseases of the Lungs. Take of the clarified Juices of Nettles and Plantain, each six Ounces; of Aqua la∣ctis Alexiteria four Ounces, of Cinnamon-water hor∣deated three Ounces, of White Sugar a sufficient quantity; mingle them, make a Julep: Take four Ounces Morning and Even∣ing, daily, for three Days. This is commended for Bleeding at the Nose. Oyl of Roses, or Juice of Net∣tles, cures the Stings of Nettles presently.

Woody-Night-shade, or Bitter-sweet, in Latin So∣lanum lignosum.

It sends forth small, woody, brittle Twigs, five or six Foot long▪ that encompass any thing that is near; others lie on the Ground. The Bark of the young Twigs is green; but the Bark of that which is old is rough and whitish without, with∣in it is very green, having a Pith in the middle. The Leaves are placed alter∣nately;

they are somewhat broad, long, and pointed; with two small Leaves, or rather pieces of Leaves, at the bottom of most of them. At the Tops and Sides of the Branches come forth many Flowers; they consist of fine, narrow and long Violet-purple colour'd Leaves. The Berries are red when they are ripe, soft, and full of Juice; of a bitter, unpleasant Taste. The Root is fibrous. It grows in Hedges, near Water commonly.

'Tis said to provoke U∣rine, and to be good in a Dropsie, and for the Jaun∣dice. The Juice of the Leaves, says Parkinson, purges much. The Leaves are used outwardly, with good Success, in Inflamma∣tions, and itching Tumours of the Hands and Feet. Take four Handfuls of the Leaves cut, and four Ounces of Flax-seed pow∣der'd; make a Cataplasm with Lard; apply it hot. This asswages Tumours, and cures great Contusions.

Nipple-wort, in Latin Lampsana.

It has a white▪ single Root, with Twigs and Fibres. The Stalk is two or three Foot high, or higher, round, hairy, red∣dish, concave and branchy. The Leaf is like the Leaf of South-thistle. The Flow∣ers are small, and yellow. The Seed is oblong, black∣ish, and a little crooked. The whole Plant being cut, yields a bitter Milk. It flowers in June and July, and grows frequently in Gardens.

'Tis reckon'd good for the Nipples, when they are sore.

O.

OAk-tree, in Lat. Quer∣cus.

The whole Oak is astringent, but especially the Bark. A Decoction of it is given for the Bloody-Flux, and for Spitting of Blood. The Acorns are Diuretick. The Water di∣still'd from the Leaves of a young Oak, cures the Whites. Those that Cut for the Stone use a Bath

made of the Bark, to heal the Wound. Galls grow on Oaks, but not in Eng∣land. The best Ink is made in the following manner: Take of Galls four Ounces, of Copperas two Ounces, of Gum-Arabeck one Ounce; beat the Galls to a gross Powder, and infuse them nine Days in a Quart of Claret, set it near the Fire, and stir it daily; then put in the Copperas and the Gum, and when it has stood a Day the Ink will be fit for use. Take of the Water of Oak-buds and Plantain, each three Ounces; of Cinnamon-water hordeated, and Sy∣rup of dried Roses, each one Ounce; Spirit of Vi∣triol a sufficient quantity to make it pleasantly sharp: Take six Spoonfuls Morn∣ing and Evening. This is good for an immoderate Flux of the Courses.

Oats, in Latin Avenae.

They dry, and are some∣what astringent. When Corn is dear, poor People live chiefly on Water-gruel: And it is, indeed, very pro∣per Diet for Sick and Well, and yields a good Nourish∣ment. The Common-peo∣ple in the North, and in Wales, make Bread of Oats, and eat no other; and no People in the World enjoy more Health, nor live longer: And, without doubt, this sort of Bread is most wholsom, tho' it is not pleasant. Beer is also made of it. Flummery is made of Oat-meal, boyl'd in Water to a Gelly: 'Tis eaten hot, being cut into Slices, and put into Milk or Beer, or into White-wine, and sweeten'd with Sugar. 'Tis an excellent Diet for weakly People. Our Physicians scarce or∣der any Diet but Water-Gruel in Acute Diseases. The Meal is used outward∣ly in Cataplasms, for it dries and digests moderate∣ly. In the Cholick, Oats fried with a little Salt, and applied hot, in a Bag, to the Belly, gives great Ease, if the Gutts are not stuffed with Excrements; if they are, a Clyster must first be given. A Bath made of Malt-flower, Hops and Oat-straw, is much com∣mended for those that are

afflicted with the Stone; for it wonderfully mitigates the Pain, and forces away Urine, and many times the Stone too.

Onion, in Latin Caepa.

Onions are hot and flatu∣lent: They are proper for those that abound with cold, viscid Humours; in whom they procure Sleep, help Concoction, and pre∣vent sowre Belchings. They open Obstructions, force the Courses and U∣rine, and promote insensible Transpiration. But they injure those that are Cho∣lerick; they especially dis∣turb their Heads, and cause troublesom Dreams, and offend their Eyes. Old Women cut a raw Onion, and infuse it in Water all Night; and the next Morning give the Water to Children, to kill the Worms, with good Success. A large Onion hollow'd, and fill'd with Venice-Trea∣cle, and cover'd, and then roasted under hot Ashes, and applied (the outward Skin being pull'd off) in the manner of a Cata∣plasm, mollifies effectually hard Swellings, and opens them. A raw Onion pil∣led, and applied presently, with a little Salt, cures Burns, if the outward Skin is not ulcer'd; for it draws out the Fire, and prevents Blisters.

Orpine, in Latin Tele∣phium.

'Tis Vulnerary, and Astringent. 'Tis chief∣ly used for healing Ulcers of the Bowels, occasion'd by the Bloody-Flux; for Ruptures, and Burns. 'Tis excellent for Easing Pain, both in fresh Wounds, and old Ulcers. The Herb roasted under Ashes, and mix'd with Lard, cures Fellons.

P.

HErb Paris, True-Love, or One-berry, in Latin Herba Paris.

The Root is small, knotted, and creep∣ing. The Stalk is pretty thick, round and solid, and about half a Foot high, reddish near the Earth, green above. It has four Leaves, set directly one

against another; they shine under, above they do not; they are somewhat like the Leaf of Night-shade, but broader. It has one Flow∣er, like a Star, compos'd of four small, narrow, long, pointed Leaves, of a yel∣lowish green Colour, hav∣ing four other lesser Leaves lying between them. The Berry is of a black, pur∣plish Colour, full of Juice, and of the bigness of a Grape; having within ma∣ny white Seeds.

The Berries and Leaves are Cooling, and Drying. The Berries are used in∣wardly in the Plague, and Malignant Diseases, and upon being poyson'd. The Leaves are used outward∣ly in Pestilential Buboes, and other hot Tumours, and in old Ulcers.

Parsly, in Latin Petro∣selinum.

The Root and Herb expel Wind, provoke Urine and the Courses, and open Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, and are good in the Dropsie and Jaundice. The Seed is good for the same Dis∣eases, and for an old Cough, and against Poy∣son. The whole Herb, outwardly applied, dis∣solves hard Tumours; and dries away Milk, being ap∣plied to the Breasts. Take of Parsly-seeds three Drams, of Winter-Cherry-berries N. vi. boyl them in a Pint of Milk, and make Posset-drink: Take six Ounces at a time, sweeten'd with an Ounce of Syrup of Marsh∣mallows. This is good in the Stone.

Parsly-piert, in Latin Percepier.

The Root is woody, small, and has a few small Fibres. It has many small, round, hairy Stalks, about an Hand high. The Leaves are roundish, divided into three Parts, and are deeply jag∣ged, somewhat like Dove's-foot, tho' less, and hairy; they are placed alternate∣ly; the lower Leaves have Foot-stalks, the upper have none at all, or those that are, are very short; above they are of a light Green, below they are whitish. The Flowers are so small, they can scarce be seen:

And the Seed is very small. It delights in Sandy and Fallow Grounds, and a∣mongst Corn.

It forces Urine violent∣ly, and expels Gravel, a Dram of the dried Herb being taken in White-wine. It may be also eaten raw, as a Sallet; or pickled, and eaten in Winter, for Sauce.

Garden-Parsnip, in La∣tin Pastinaca latifolia sati∣va.

The Root is very nou∣rishing, and palatable: It fattens, and is a Provoca∣tive to Venery. It opens, attenuates, and cleanses.

Cow-Parsnip, in Latin Sphondilium.

The Root is white, and single, and grows deep in the Earth; of a sweet Taste, and some∣what acrid. It has a great Nerve within. The Leaves that come from the Root are placed on long, hairy Foot-stalks; they are long and large, and deeply cut about the Edges. The Stalk is single, round, chan∣nel'd, and about four Foot high. The Flowers grow in Tufts; they are white, and consist of five Leaves. It grows in moist Pastures, and near Hedges.

The Root is Emollient, and asswages Tumours. The Seed is excellent for Hysterick Fits.

Peach-tree, in Latin Malus Persica.

The Fruit has a sweet and pleasant Smell, and refreshes the Spirits. The Leaves boyl∣ed in Beer or Milk, kill Worms, and expel them. The Water of the Flowers takes Spots from the Face. The Syrup is a very pro∣per Purge for Children; and is made in the follow∣ing manner: Take of the fresh Flowers one Pound, infuse them a whole Day in three Pints of warm Water, then press them out; add the same quantity of Flow∣ers five times to the same Liquor, and infuse them as before; then add two Pounds and an half of Fine Sugar, and boyl it to a Syrup.

The Pear-tree, in La∣tin Pyrus.

Pears are agree∣able

to the Stomach, and quench Thirst: But they are best baked. Dried Pears stop Fluxes of the Belly. The following Pears are most esteem'd in Eng∣land: The Bon-Christien, Summer and Winter; the Butter-Pear, the Green-Bu∣ry, the Violet, the Dove, the Great Musk, Amadot, Rounse∣let, Messieur Jean, Great So∣vereign, Blood-Pear, Wind∣sor-Pear, Green-field-Pear, Dionier, Great Bergamot, Virgalous, Roshea, Red-Catha∣rine, Double-flower'd Pear.

Pease, in Latin Pisum.

All sorts of Pease are win∣dy, and therefore are inju∣rious to all that have windy Stomachs, and are troubled with Spleen-wind. Raw Green Pease are good for the Scurvy.

Pellitory, in Latin Pa∣rietaria.

It cleanses and cools. 'Tis used for the Stone, and Difficulty of Urine, and for Coughs; and in Clysters, for Pains in the Belly, Womb and Reins. 'Tis outwardly u∣sed for Tumours, St. An∣thony's-fire, and for Burns. Take of the Juice of Pelli∣tory three Ounces, of the Juice of Limons, and Oyl of Almonds, each half an Ounce; mingle them: Take it Morning and Evening for two Days. This is good for the Stone in the Kid∣nies.

Penny-Royal, in La∣tin Pulegium.

'Tis used to provoke the Courses, and to help Delivery. 'Tis good for Coughs, for the Gripes, the Stone, Jaundice, and Dropsie. A Spoonful of the Juice given to Children, is an excellent Remedy for the Chin-Cough. For an Hoarsness, take six Ounces of the Decoction of it, sweeten'd, at Bed-time. The fresh Herb wrap'd in a Cloth, and laid in a Bed, drives away Fleas; but it must be renewed once a Week.

Peony, in Latin Paeonia.

The Roots and Seeds of Male-Peony are much used in Physick: They are used for Diseases of the Head, and for Obstructions of the Courses, and Child-bed-Purgations, and to ease the

After-pains. The Roots are hang'd round the Neck, to cure the Falling-sickness. The Compounded Peony-water, and the Syrup of it, are much in use. The Compounded Water is made in the following manner: Take of the Leaves of Lillies of the Valley, fresh, one Pound; infuse them in four Gallons of Spanish Wine: Take of the Flowers of the Lime-tree half a Pound, of Peo∣ny-flowers four Ounces; infuse them two Days, then distil them till they are dry in B. M. in the distil'd Water infuse two Ounces and an half of the Roots of Male-Peony; of White Dittany, and Long Birth-wort, each half an Ounce; of the Leaves of Misleto of the Oak, and Rue, each two Handfuls; of the Seeds of Peony ten Drams, of Rue three Drams and an half, of Castor two Scruples of Cubebs and Mace, each two Drams; of Cinnamon one Ounce and an half, of Prepar'd Squills three Drams, of Rosemary-flow∣ers six Pugils, of Stechas and Lavender, each four Pugils; of Betony, July-flowers and Cowslips, each eight Pugils; add four Quarts of the Juice of Black-Cherries, and distil them in a Glass. The Syrup is made in the following manner: Take of the fresh Roots of both Peonies, at Full Moon, each one Ounce and an half; slice them, and infuse them in white-wine for the space of a Day; of Contrayerra half an Ounce, of Sermountain six Drams, of Elk-hoof one Ounce, of Rosemary with the Flowers one Handful, of Betony, Hyssop, Wild-Marjoram, of Ground-pine and Rue, each three Drams; of the Wood of Aloes, of Cloves, of the Seeds of the Lesser Carda∣moms, each two Drams; of Ginger and Spikenard, each one Dram; of Ste∣chas and Nutmegs, each two Drams and an half; infuse them warm, a Day, in three Quarts of the di∣still'd Water of the Roots of Peony; boyl them to four Quarts; strain it, and add four Pounds and an half of Fine Sugar, and boyl it to a Syrup.

Pepper-wort, in Latin Lepidium.

The Root is of the thickness of a Finger, or thicker; 'tis white, it has an acrid, hot Taste; it creeps in the Earth. It has many Stalks, about four Foot high, round, smooth, and full of Pith; they are branchy, and less than the Little Finger, and are co∣ver'd with a gray Powder that is easily rub'd off. The Leaves are long, broad, and end sharp; they are smooth, fat, and of a dull green Colour; they are plac'd alternately, and are indented about the Edges: Those that come from the Root, and are at the bottom of the Stalks, have long Foot-stalks. The Flowers are very small; they are white, and con∣sist of four Leaves; they are placed on very small Foot-stalks. It grows near the Banks of Rivers, but it is rare.

The Leaf is acrid, and hot. The Herb bruised, and applied, cures the Hip-Gout. Boyl'd in Beer, it hastens Delivery. 'Tis commended for a Leprosie. Take of Garden-Scurvy-grass-leaves, and of the Leaves of Rocket and Pep∣perwort, each six Hand∣fuls; of the Roots of Sweet-smelling Flag, the Lesser Galangal▪ Zedoary, Flo∣rentine, Iris, Elder, and Wake-Robin, each four Ounces; of the Winteran-Bark, and Jamaica-Pepper, each three Ounces; of Ju∣niper-berries four Ounces; of Cloves, Ginger and Nut∣megs, each one Ounce; bruise and cut them, and pour on them four Quarts of Rhenish-wine; distil them in a common Still, and mix all the Water to∣gether: Take three Oun∣ces Night and Morning. This is commended in an Anasarca.

Periwinele, in Latin Vinca per vinca.

It spreads it self much by its Twigs, that creep on the Ground. The Root is fibrous; ma∣ny small, round, green, and jointed Twigs root again by Fibres that come from the Joints. The Leaves grow out of the Joints by Pairs opposite to one ano∣ther, like the Leaves of

Lawrel, but much less; they are sharp, stiff and smooth, and hang on short Foot-stalks; above they shine, and are of a deep green Colour; they taste astringent, and bitterish; below they are of a lighter Colour. The Flower is placed on a Foot-stalk that comes from the Joints, two Inches long, one Flower on one Foot-stalk: 'Tis like the Jessamine-flower in shape, and is of a Violet-colour. A Milky Line runs from Bottom to Top, through all the Jags. A forked Cod succeeds the Flower, and contains ob∣long Seeds. It grows in Hedges and Ditches.

'Tis a famous Vulnera∣ry. 'Tis used in Fluxes of the Belly, for Dysenteries, the Piles, Bleeding at Nose, and for Wounds with Flu∣xion. 'Tis used outward∣ly for Overslowing of the Courses, for Loosness and Pains of the Teeth. The Leaves of this Herb put upon Paper that will ea∣sily receive Moisture, and sowed to it, with fine Flax betwixt, and per∣fum'd with Frankincense, cured a Scrophulous Tu∣mour in a short time, which continued obstinate under the Use of other Remedies, for the space of a whole Year.

Male-Pimpernel, in Latin Anagallis mas.

It has a white, single Root, with small Fibres. The Stalks are an Hand, or half an Hind high, four-square, smooth, encompass'd by two Leaves opposite to one another; they are placed by Intervals, and without Foot-stalks; the Under∣side of the Leaf is spotted with many dark-brown Specks. The Flowers come out singly from the Wings of the Leaves, and are pla∣ced upon oblong Foot-stalks, and are divided, al∣most to the bottom, into five sharp Pieces, resembling so many Leaves. The Cup is also compounded of five acute Pieces. The Seminal Vessels are almost spheri∣cally round; they are pret∣ty large, and full of Seeds. The whole Plant has an a∣crid Taste. It grows in Gardens and Fields. It

flowers late, about the midst of Summer.

'Tis moderately hot and dry: 'Tis counted Vulne∣rary, and is used inwardly and outwardly. It does much good in the Plague, being boyl'd in Wine: But the Sick must go to bed, and must be well cover'd, as soon as he has drank a moderate Draught of it, that he may sweat. A Woman cured many that were troubl'd with a Pin and Web in their Eyes with the distill'd Water of it. In a Consumption, and for Purulent Spitting, let the Sick drink every Day, Morning and Evening, twelve Spoonfuls of the di∣still'd Water, mix'd with an equal quantity of Red Cows Milk, and sweeten'd with Fine Sugar: This is an approv'd Remedy. 'Tis frequently used for the Gripes of New-born Chil∣dren. It also moves the Courses. Willis commends the Decoction of it as a Spe∣cifick for Madness.

The Pine-tree, in La∣tin Pinus.

The Bark and Leaves cool and bind; wherefore they are good in Dysenteries, and Fluxes of the Courses. A Decoction or Infusion of the Tops in Beer, or some other proper Liquor, is reckon'd very good for the Stone of the Kidnies and Bladder, and for the Scurvy, and Dis∣eases of the Breast. The Nuts have a delicate Taste, and are good for Coughs and Consumptions, and for Heat of Urine. They in∣crease Milk, and provoke Venery.

Plantain, in Latin Plantago.

'Tis a Vulnera∣ry Herb. 'Tis used in Fluxes of the Belly, for Spitting of Blood, Run∣ning of the Reins, involun∣tary Urine, and for immo∣derate Fluxes of the Cour∣ses. 'Tis outwardly used to cleanse and heal Wounds and Ulcers. The Juice by it self, or mix'd with the Juice of Limon, is an ex∣cellent Diuretick. Half a Dram of the Seeds taken daily in Broth, or in an Egg, is good to prevent Miscarriage. Take twelve Handfuls of Plantain-leaves,

six Ounces of the fresh Roots of Comfrey; press out the Juice of the Leaves, and beat the Roots in a Stone-Mortar; mix the Roots and the Juice, and with a sufficient quan∣tity of Sugar make an Ele∣ctuary: Take the quanti∣ty of a Nutmeg Night and Morning, This is an ex∣cellent Remedy for Spitting and Vomiting Blood. Take of Plantain-water two Oun∣ces, of Rubarb powder'd two Scruples, of yellow Myrobalans powder'd one Scruple, Syrup of dried Roses half an Ounce; mix them, and give it in the Morning; two Hours af∣ter let some Broth be ta∣ken. This is excellent for an immoderate Flux of the Courses.

Plum-tree, in Latin Prunus.

There are several Kinds of them; the Sowre bind, the Sweet move the Belly. The Electuary of Plums, called Electuari∣um Diaprunum, is made of Damascenes, in the fol∣lowing manner: Take of fresh and ripe Damascenes, one Hundred, boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Water till they are soft, then pulp them through a Sieve, boyl an Ounce of Violet-flowers in the Li∣quor gently; then strain it, and add two Pounds of Sugar, and boyl it to a Sy∣rup; then add a Pound and an half of the Pulp a∣bove-mention'd, of the Pulp of Cassia and Tamarinds strain'd, and dissolv'd in a small quantity of the Li∣quor, each one Ounce; boyl it again, stir it conti∣nually, adding the follow∣ing Powders; Sanders, Red and White, Rubarb, of each three Drams; of Red Roses, Violets, of the Seeds of Purslain, of En∣dive and Barberries, of Gum-Tragacanth, and the Juice of Liquorish, each two Drams; of the Great∣er Cold Seeds, each one Dram: Make an Electua∣ry according to Art. This Medicine is cold and mois∣tening, and good in Fe∣vers.

Polypody, in Latin Po∣lypodium.

The Root is rec∣kon'd among Purging Me∣dicines; but it purges very

gently. 'Tis very proper in Obstructions of the Me∣sentery, Liver and Spleen; for the Scurvy, and Hypo∣chondriack Diseases. 'Tis generally used in Decocti∣ons, with other purging Medicines. Take of the Root of Polypody of the Oak half an Ounce, of Dodder of Thyme three Drams, of Sena half an Ounce, of Tamarinds six Drams, of Coriander-seeds three Drams, of Yellow Sanders two Drams; boyl them in fourteen Ounces of Fountain-water till four Ounces are consum'd; add two Drams of Agarick, and one Dram and an half of Rubarb; strain it, and clarifie it, and add two Ounces of the purging Sy∣rup of Apples: Take six Ounces once in three or four Days. This is proper for Melancholy People. Take of the Roots of Polypody, Bugloss, Scorzonera, Bark of Tamaris, and Roots of Cappars, each half an Ounce; of Spleen-wort one Handful and an half; of Agrimony, Maiden-hair, Balm, Dodder, and Tops of Hops, each half an Handful; of Flowers of Broom and Borage, each two Pugils; the Parings of four Pippins; boyl them, with a Chicken, in Spring-water, for thin Broth: Take a good Draught Morning and Evening, with fifteen Grains of Cream of Tartar dissolv'd in it, and fast two Hours after. This is good in Hy∣pochondriack Diseases.

The Poplar-tree, in Latin Populus.

The Bark of Poplar, especially of the White Poplar, or Abele-tree, is used inwardly and outwardly for the Hip-Gout, for the Strangury, and Burns. Women use the Buds of Black Poplar to beautifie and thicken their Hair: They are good also to ease Pain. The Ointment is good for hot Swellings, to ease the Pain of them: And being ap∣plied to the Nostrils and Temples, it disposes to Sleep. 'Tis made in the following manner: Take of the fresh Buds of the Black Poplar a Pound and an half, of the Leaves of Violets and Navelwort,

each three Ounces; of new and unsalted Lard, clear'd from the Skin, and wash'd, two Pounds; beat them, and mingle them, and infuse them together in May; add the following Herbs bruis'd, of the ten∣der Tops of Brambles, of the Leaves of Black Pop∣py, Mandrake, Hen-bane, Night-shade, Lettice, House∣leek Greater and Lesser, Bur-dock, each three Oun∣ces; after the Tenth Day pour on them a Pint of Rose-water, boyl them o∣ver a gentle Fire, stirring them continually, till all the superfluous Moisture is consum'd, then strain it, and keep it for use.

Red-Poppy, or Corn-Rose, in Latin Papaver Rheas.

The Flowers cool, and as∣swage Pain, and dispose to Sleep. They are chiefly used in Fevers, for Pleuri∣sies and Quinsies, and other Diseases (especially of the Breast) that need Cooling Medicines. And for im∣moderate Fluxes of the Courses, the Powder, the distill'd Water, the Syrup▪ and the Conserve of them, are in use; but the Syrup is most in use, and is made in the following manner: Take of the fresh Flowers of Red Poppies two Pounds, pour upon them two Quarts of hot Fountain-water; press them out the next Day, and infuse the same quantity of Flowers in the Liquor as before, strain it, and with a quantity of Su∣gar equal in weight to the Liquor, make a Syrup ac∣cording to Art. Surfeit-water is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Take what quantity of Brandy you please, steep a good quan∣tity of Red Poppies there∣in, the black Bottoms be∣ing first cut off; when the Colour is extracted press them out, and put in fresh, and so do till the Brandy has a very deep Tincture; then put in Nutmegs, Cloves, Ginger and Cinna∣mon, of each two Drams to a Quart of the Bran∣dy; you may add some Fine Sugar if you think fit: Keep it close stop'd. 'Tis good for Surfeits, for Wind, or Illness of the Stomach.

White-Poppy, in Latin Papaver album.

The Seeds are used in Emulsions. The best Diacodium is made of the Heads and Seeds in the following man∣ner: Take fourteen Oun∣ces of the Heads of White-Poppies well dried, infuse them twenty four Hours in eight Pints of Fountain-water, boyl them well, then press them out, and put a Pound and an half of Sugar to the Liquor, then boyl it to a Syrup.

The Juice of Poppies thicken'd is called Opium: I mean, that which flows out of it self, the Head be∣ing cut; for the Juice that is press' out is called Me∣conium, which is much weaker than Opium. The Turks sow White-Poppies in Fields, as we do Wheat; and every one carries some about him in War and Peace. A certain Jew de∣clar'd, that forty Camels laden with it come yearly from Paphlagonia, Cappado∣cia, Galatia and Cilicia. A Turk can take a Dram at a time without any Injury. The best Opium is bitter and hot, and of a yellow Colour: It recreates the Spirits, and provokes Ve∣nery. Liquid Laudanum is made in the following manner: Take of Spanish Wine one Pint, of Opium two Ounces, of Saffron one Ounce, of Cinnamon and Cloves powder'd, each one Dram; infuse them together in B. M. for two or three Days, till the Liquor has a deep Tincture; strain it, and keep it for use: The Dose is sixteen Drops. Matthews's Pill is made in the following manner: Take of Salt of Tartar, prepar'd with Niter, four Ounces; of Oyl of Tur∣pentine eight Ounces; mix them, and let them stand in a moist and cold place eight, nine or ten Months, or more, till the Salt has taken up thrice its weight of Oyl, and is become one thick Mass, like Soap; in the mean time you must stir it often, and add the Oyl as it incorporates: Take of this Soap six Oun∣ces, of the best Opium two Ounces, of Black and White Hellebore powder'd, and of Liquorish, each two

Ounces; mix them exact∣ly, adding as much Oyl of Turpentine as is sufficient to make a Mass for Pills, which must be kept moist with Oyl of Turpentine: The Dose is ten Grains. The Opiat-plaster is made in the following manner: Take of the Great Diachy∣lon four Ounces, of Quick-silver two Ounces, of O∣pium one Ounce; mingle them according to Art. This is good to ease Pain.

Primrose, in Latin Pri∣mula veris.

'Tis hot and dry, and of an astringent Taste. 'Tis very good for Flegmatick and Melancho∣ly Diseases, and for Flux∣es of the Belly, and to strengthen the Stomach.

English-Prunes, or Plums, call'd Bullace, in Latin Pru∣nus.

The White and Black are Cooling and Astringent: They are good for Fluxes of the Belly. The Flowers are Cathartick. The Gum dissolv'd in Vinegar, cures Tetters. Ropy Wine is cured in the following manner: Take the Fruit, beat and dry it in the Air; put more or less of it into the Vessel, according to the quantity of Wine; it must be well stirr'd a∣bout, and then the Vessel must be stop'd up for eight or ten Days, and you will find it soon recover'd. The following Plums are most esteem'd: The Red, Blue and Amber Primordian; the Vio∣let-Plum, Red, Blue and Am∣ber, the Matchless, the Black and Green Damascene, the Morocco, the Barbary, the Myrobolane-Plum, the Apri∣cock-Plum, the Cinnamon-Plum, the Great Mogul and Tawny-Plum, the White, Red and Black Pear-Plum, the Green Osterly-Plum, the Muscle-Plum, the Catalonia-Plum, the White and Black Prunella, the Bonum Mag∣num, the Wheaten-Plum, the Cluster-Plum, the Queen-Mother-Plum, the Maiple-Plum, the Imperial-Plum, the Peach-Plum, the Pease-Cod-Plum, the Date-Plum, White, Yellow and Red; the Nutmeg-Plum, the Turky-Plum, the Prince-Plum, ripe last; the Lammas-Plum, the White Pear-Plum, and Da∣mascens.

Pumpion, in Latin Pe∣po.

'Tis cold, and very moist: It provokes Urine, the Nourishment of it is ve∣ry small. The Seed is one of the four greater Cold Seeds.

Purflain, in Latin Por∣tulaca.

'Tis cold and moist. It provokes Appetite. It cures Heat of Urine, and Running of the Reins. The Juice mix'd with Oyl of Roses, cures Burns and In∣flammations. 'Tis good for Coughs, and Shortness of Breath.

Q.

QVince-tree, in Latin Malus Cydonia.

The Fruit is very agreeable to the Stomach. 'Tis astrin∣gent, and cures Spitting of Blood, the Bloody-Flux, and all other Fluxes. The Mucilage of the Seeds ex∣tracted with Spawn of Frog's-water, is an excel∣lent Gargarism in Fevers. The Syrup of Quinces is made in the following man∣ner: Take of the Juice six Pints, boyl half away, add three Pounds of Sugar, and make a Syrup: The Dose is one Ounce in some pro∣per Water. Marmalade of Quinces is made in the fol∣lowing manner: Pare the Quinces, cut them, and take out the Core; weigh them, and put them into cold Water; take the same quantity of Sugar, and dis∣solve it with a little Wa∣ter; boyl it, and take off the Scum; then put in the Quinces, and set them on a gentle Fire, close cover'd, till they are of a good Co∣lour, then uncover them; then increase the Fire, and boyl them to a Jelly.

R.

RAdish, in Latin Rapha∣nus sativus.

'Tis oft∣ner used in the Kitchin than for Medicine; but it is good for the Stone, and to force U∣rine. It strengthens the Sto∣mach, and helps Concoction.

Horse-Radish, in Latin Raphanus Rusticanus.

It pro∣vokes Appetite, but it hurts the Head. It expels Gra∣vel,

and forces Urine, and is commended for Coughs; and is reckon'd a Specifick in the Scurvy. The Com∣pounded Water of it is much in use, and is made in the following manner: Take of the Leaves of Gar∣den and Sea-Scurvy-grass, gather'd in the Spring-time, each six Pounds; beat them, and press out the Juice; mingle with it the Juice of Water-cresses and Brook-lime, each a Pint and an half; of the best White-wine four Quarts, twelve Limons sliced, of the fresh Roots of Briony four Pounds, of Horse-Radish-roots two Pounds, of Wake-Robin-roots half an Ounce, of Winteran Bark, and Nut∣megs, each four Ounces; in∣fuse them three Days, and then distil them: The Dose is two Ounces. Take one Spoonful of the Shavings of Horse-Radish-roots, twelve Leaves of Scurvy-grass, twenty Raisins of the Sun stoned, put them into a Quart of Beer; let them stand close stop'd all Night, drink of it the next Day, at Meals, and at any other time. This has done much good in the Scurvy.

Common Rag-wort, in Latin Jacobaea vulgaris.

The Root has many large, white Fibres, that stick fast in the Ground. It has many times several Stalks, and some∣times but one; they are round, channel'd, some∣times smooth, sometimes downy, three Foot high, and sometimes higher, di∣vided at the top into Branches. It has many long and large green Leaves, lying on the Ground, of a dark-green Colour, rent and torn in the Sides into many Pieces: The Leaves on the Stalks are the same. The Flow∣ers are yellow, and consist of many Leaves; when they are ripe they turn in∣to Down. The Seed is very small.

It cures Ulcers, Inflam∣mations, and a Fistula. Be∣ing applied hot to the Bel∣ly, in form of a Cataplasm, it cures the Gripes.

Raspberry-bush, in La∣tin Rubus Idaeus.

The Ber∣ries are very cordial, and taste very well. The Sy∣rup of it is very good in

Fevers, and is made in the following manner: Take of the Clarified Juice, and of Sugar, equal Parts; make a Syrup. Take of the Syrup of Rasp-ber∣ries and July flowers, each two Ounces; of the Juice of Kermes one Ounce; make a Mixture: Take a Spoonful every Morning. This is a Cordial for Wo∣men before Delivery.

Rest-harrow, or Ca∣mock, in Latin Anonis.

It spreads its Root far and near; they are white, and hard to break. The Stalks are woody, and three or four Foot high, round, hai∣ry, and reddish; sometimes it has Prickles, and some∣times not. The Flowers grow at the top, like Pease-blossoms. Small, round Cods contain the Seeds.

The Bark of the Root, and the Root it self, pro∣vokes Urine, and expels Gravel, and eases the Pain of the Teeth, and opens Obstructions of the Liver, being infus'd in Wine, or boyl'd in Posset-drink, and taken inwardly for some time.

Rie, in Latin Secale.

'Tis the next Corn in goodness to Wheat. Bread made of it is black and heavy, and hard to digest; and it purges and gripes those that are not used to it; but it keeps moist long∣er than Wheaten Bread. The course Flower of it put into a Cloth, and applied to the Head, cures inveterate Head-aches; and so applied, is good for Mad People.

Rocket, or Winter-Cresses, in Latin Barbarea.

It has an oblong, white, thick, Perennial Root, of an acrid Taste. The Stalks are a Cubit high, channel'd, strong, and full of Pith; with many Wings, where∣in the Leaves are; lesser than those of Radish, and resembling the Leaf of Cresses at the Extremity of it, by extream Jags; they are of a dark-green Co∣lour, and shine; they do not taste so quick as the Root. From the Wings of the Leaves, towards the Top-stalks, come many small Branches, whereon, as also on the Top-stalk, small yellow Flowers, con∣sisting

of four Leaves, run up into long Ears. The Cods are small, round, and about an Inch long, pressed to the Stalks, wherein are small Seeds, of a brown Colour. The whole Plant is smooth. The Flowers are placed on short Foot-stalks. It grows near Ditch∣es, and Rivers, and Run∣ning-waters; and some∣times also on plow'd Grounds. It flowers in May and June.

'Tis acrid and hot, and much of the same Virtue with Cresses. 'Tis mix'd with Sallets, especially in the Winter-time, when Cres∣ses are scarce; wherefore 'tis called Winter-Cress. 'Tis good in the Scurvy. The Juice of it is mix'd with Ointments, to cleanse sordid and impure Ulcers. The Seed is Lithontriptick, and Diuretick.

Wild-Rocket, in Latin Eruca sylvestris.

The Root is white, thick and long, and has many Stalks, with many Wings; they are channel'd, and a little hai∣ry. The Leaves are cut in like Dandelion; they are smooth, and of a deep green Colour, and taste hot. The Flowers are yel∣low. It has long, angled, upright Cods. The Seeds are like the Seeds of Wild Mustard; they are acrid, and bitterish. It grows up∣on and about Walls, and among Rubbish.

'Tis hot and dry. 'Tis chiefly used to stimulate Venery, and for Preserva∣tion against Apoplexies. Outwardly applied, it ex∣tracts Splinters of Bones.

The Rose, in Latin Rosa.

There are several sorts of Roses: The Red Rose, the Damask-Rose, the Damask-Province-Rose, the Dog-Rose, the Pimpernel-Rose, the Greater Apple-Rose, the Sin∣gle Cinnamon-Rose, the Dou∣ble Cinnamon-Rose, the Wild Briar, or Muscovy, the Virginian Briar-Rose, the White Rose, the Musk-Rose, the Ever-green Rose, the Sin∣gle Yellow Rose, the Double Yellow Rose, the Monthly Rose, the Monday-Rose, the Franc-fort-Rose, the Hungarian Rose, the York and Lancaster.

The Red Rose is astrin∣gent, and bitter: It com∣forts the Heart, and strengthens the Stomach. It cures the Whites, and an immoderate Flux of the Courses. It stops Erupti∣tions of the Blood, and Fluxes of the Belly. A Decoction of it is used for the Head-ach, and Pains in the Eyes, Ears, Throat and Gums. The distill'd Wa∣ter of it is Cordial, and re∣freshes the Spirits. The fol∣lowing Medicines are made of Red Roses: 1. The Vi∣negar of Roses, which, mix'd with the distill'd Water, is good for Redness or Inflammations of the Eyes; and is used to bathe the Temples in the Head-ach, and to procure Sleep. 2. Aromaticum Rosatum; which is Cordial. 3. Con∣serve of Roses; which is much in use for stopping Catarrhs, and Running of the Reins, and Fluxes of the Belly. 'Tis made in the following manner: Take of Red Roses one Pound; they must be ga∣ther'd in a dry Season, be∣fore they are quite spread; clip off the yellow Bottoms, beat them well in a Stone-Mortar, till they come to a Mass, like a Pulp; then add two Pounds of White Sugar, beat it with the Ro∣ses till it is well mix'd; then put it into a Pot, co∣ver'd only with a Paper, and let it stand in the Sun a Fortnight or three Weeks, stirring it once or twice a Week. Take of Conserve of Red Roses Vitriolated four Ounces, of the Ele∣ctuary of Sassafras one Ounce, of Olibanum pow∣der'd one Dram, of Diaco∣dium a sufficient quantity; make an Electuary: Take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening. This is excellent for stopping Tickling Coughs. 4. The Tincture of Roses, made in the following manner, is commended for a Rheu∣matism: Take of dried Red Roses one Ounce, of warm Water three Pints, of Spirit of Sulphure, or Vitriol, one Dram and an half; infuse them six Hours; to the strain'd Li∣quor add half a Pound of White Sugar: Take a Draught twice or thrice a Day. 5. Strain'd Hony of

Roses; which is good to wash the Mouth and Throat when they are sore, or any other Part. 6. Su∣gar of Roses; which is good for Coughs. 7. Sy∣rup of dried Roses; which is much in use, and is, in∣deed, an excellent Medi∣cine: It comforts the Heart, re••••••••s Putrefaction and stops Fluxes of all sorts. 'Tis made in the following manner: Take two Quarts of hot Water, infuse in it half a Pound of Red Ro∣ses, dried in the Sun; the next Day press it out, and with two Pounds of Sugar make a Syrup. 8. Oyl of Roses. 9. Electuary of Ro∣ses. 10. Ointment of Ro∣ses. Of Damask-Roses are made Syrup of Roses Solu∣tive, a distill'd Water, A∣loes Rosat, and Hony of Roses Solutive. The Sy∣rup is much in use, and is made in the following man∣ner: Take of hot Foun∣tain-water two Quarts, of fresh Damask-Roses as ma∣ny as the Water will con∣tain; infuse them in a close Vessel twelve Hours, then press it out, and heat the Liquor again, and put the Roses in as before, and in∣fuse them again; and so do three or four times, in∣creasing the Quantity of Ro∣ses as the Liquor increases; then add to six Parts of the Liquor, four Parts of Su∣gar, and make a Syrup ac∣cording to Art. It purges gently: It may be taken, from one Ounce to four. Hony of Roses Solutive is also Purging and Opening, and is often given in Cly∣sters; and so is the Syrup. See Eglantine, or Sweet-Briar.

Rosemary, in Latin Rosmarinus.

The Leaves, the Flowers and Seeds are in use: They are Cepha∣lick, Uterine, and proper for the Nerves. They are chiefly used for Diseases of the Head and Nerves; for Apoplexies, Palsies, Fal∣ling-sickness, and Giddi∣ness. They quicken the Sight, and help the Me∣mory, and cure a Stink∣ing Breath. They are used for the Whites, and Jaun∣dice. And they comfort the Heart, and open Ob∣structions of the Liver, Spleen and Womb. The

Herb burnt, corrects the Air, and renders it whole∣som in the time of a Plague. A Decoction of it in Wa∣ter, taken before Exercise, cures the Jaundice. The Seed taken in Wine, does the same. The Tops of it infus'd in Wine or Beer, and taken daily, cure the Palsie, and other Diseases of the Nerves. The Flow∣ers dried, and taken in a Pipe, like Tobacco, are good for a Cough and Con∣sumption. The Chymical Oyl of it, taken in a pro∣per Decoction, has cured many Tertian Agues: Four or six Drops are the Dose. A desperate and long Diar∣rhaea has been cured with Rosemary-wine. The Queen of Hungary's Water is made of Flowers infus'd in Spirit of Wine.

Rue, in Latin Ruta.

It digests and cuts clammy and gross Humours. It expels Wind, and is a Preservative against the Plague, and other Malig∣nant Diseases. It quickens the Sight, and suppresses Venery. It does good in a Pleurisie. It strengthens the Stomach, and cures the Cholick, and the Biting of a Mad Dog. It also pro∣vokes the Courses, and U∣rine. 'Tis used outwardly for the Biting of Serpents, for Carbuncles, and to drive away the Fits of Fe∣vers. For an Epilepsie, take of the Juice of Rue one Ounce and an half, an Ounce of Oxymel of Squills mix'd. The distill'd Water of it is much in use for Hy∣sterick Fits, and Uterine Diseases.

Rupture-wort, in La∣tin Herniaria.

It covers the Ground with many Branches, which rise from a small Root; the Branches are round, and full of Joints. It has small Leaves, lesser than those of Thyme; they are of a yellowish green Co∣lour, and of an acrid Taste. It has abundance of small, yellowish Flowers.

'Tis good for the Biting of a Viper. It wonderfully cures Ruptures, a Dram of the Herb, in Powder, being taken several times; or a Decoction of the Herb in Wine.

S.

SAffron, in Latin Crocus.

The moderate use of it is good for the Brain. It renders the Senses brisk: It shakes off Sleep and Dul∣ness, and chears and strengthens the Heart. It concocts the Crude Hu∣mours of the Breast, and opens the Lungs, and frees them from Obstructions: And it is such an effectual Remedy for the Breast and Lungs, that it sometimes revives Consumptive Peo∣ple, when they are, in a manner, worn out. 'Tis frequently used in Faint∣ings, for Apoplexies, in the Jaundice, and for Obstru∣ctions of the Liver, in the Plague, and other Malig∣nant Diseases. 'Tis also good in an Asthma, mix'd with Oyl of Almonds. It provokes Urine, and the Courses, and hastens Deli∣very. Half a Scruple, or a Scruple at most infus'd in Canary-wine, is very ef∣fectual in the Jaundice. 'Tis much used to drive out the Small Pox; but, undoubtedly, it does many times much hurt, by infla∣ming the Blood, and occa∣sioning Frensies, and ma∣king them Flux. But you may see at large the Mis∣chiefs of hot Medicines and Methods, by Dr. Sydenham's Treatise of the Small Pox and Measles, which I trans∣lated several Years ago. Tincture of Saffron is made in the following manner: Take of Saffron two Drams, of Treacle-water eight Ounces; digest them six Days, and strain out the Tincture, and keep it close stop'd for use.

Sage, in Latin Salvia.

Tis counted very whole∣som; and therefore the Leaves are eaten in the Spring, with Butter, to purifie the Blood, and to preserve Health: But be∣cause Toads are wont to harbour under it, it ought to be well wash'd before it be eaten. And to drive them away, and other Ve∣nomous Animals, the Ita∣lians plant Rue near it, or among it. 'Tis Diuretick, and provokes the Courses. 'Tis excellent for Diseases of the Head. For the

Whites, take of Sage, Sar∣saparilla and Balaustians, each one Dram, in Broth, in the Morning, for some Days. Being given with Hony, it stops Spitting of Blood. A Palsie in the Hands has been cured by washing them with Wine▪ wherein Sage was infus'd. A Palsie of the Muscles serving for Swallowing, is cured by washing of the Mouth and Throat with a Decoction of Sage, made in Wine. The same cures the Heart-burning, taken inwardly.

Wood-Sage, in Latin Salvia agrestis.

It provokes Urine, and the Courses; and is used for the French-Pox. 'Tis a good Wound-herb, either taken inward∣ly, or outwardly appli∣ed. 'Tis excellent for the Scurvy.

Sampire, in Latin Crithmum marinum.

'Tis a very juicy Herb, it spreads much, and is about a Foot high. The Leaves are broader and shorter than those of Fennel; and they are thicker, and not so much cut; they are of a deep green Colour, and of a saltish Taste. The Stalk is as green as a Leek. The Root is thick, long, and lasting; and of a sweet, acrid and Aromatick Taste.

Sampire pickled is very palatable, and agreeable to the Stomach. It provokes Urine moderately, and opens Obstructions of the Bowels, and excites Appe∣tite.

Sanicle, in Latin Sani∣cula.

The Root is bitter, hot, white within, black without, and is fibrous. The Leaves are of a shining Green, stiff, and almost round; they are divided into five Parts, and neatly indented. The Stalk is a∣bout two Foot high, smooth, and without Knots. The Flowers are placed at the top, as it were in Umbels; they are small, and white, or a little reddish. Two Seeds succeed each Flower. It grows in Hedges and Woods, and flowers in May.

'Tis an excellent Wound-herb; and is boyl'd in Vul∣nerary

Decoctions, for out∣ward and inward Wounds, for Eruptions of Blood, for Ulcers, and the Bloody-Flux. Take of the Leaves of Sanicle, and Millefoil, each one Dram and an half; Leaves of Ground-pine one Dram, of the Species of Diatragacanth frigid four Scruples, of Sal Prunella two Scruples; make them into a Powder, and with a sufficient quantity of Luca∣tellus's Balsam, make a Mass of Pills: Take four Morning and Evening. These Pills are good for an Ulcer in the Bladder. The Starting of the Navel has been cured in many Chil∣dren, with a Cataplasm made with Wine and this Herb, and bound close on; Comfrey, bruis'd, being ap∣plied to the Small of the Back at the same time.

Savine, in Latin Sabi∣na.

The Leaves dry and heat much. Being pow∣der'd, and mix'd with Ho∣ny, and applied, cure Ul∣cers that run much; and cleanse those that are Sor∣did; and stop those that are Eating. Mix'd with Cream, they cure Chil∣dren's Scabby Heads. It forces the Courses, and causes Miscarriage: Upon which Account they are too well known, and too much used by Wenches. The Water of it takes off Spots from the Face. The Leaves of it bruis'd and applied to Children's Navels, kill Worms. The Oyl of it u∣sed to their Bellies, does the like. A Spoonful of the Juice of it, mix'd with Milk, and sweeten'd with Sugar, has been given, with great Success, to Children that have had Worms: And it is really an extra∣ordinary Medicine, and no way dangerous. 'Tis also frequently given to Horses, and other Cattel, for the same purpose. Take of the Leaves of dried Savine, of the Roots of Round Birth-wort, of Troches, of Myrrh, of Castor, each one Dram; of Cinnamon half a Dram, of Saffron one Scruple; mingle them, make a Powder: Give a Dram in Savin-water. This is used to expel a dead Child.

Savory, in Latin Satu∣reia.

'Tis hot, and acrid. It provokes Urine, and the Courses. 'Tis good to sea∣son Meats and Broths, and procures Appetite. 'Tis good for Diseases of the Breast and Womb: And it quickens the Sight. 'Tis used outwardly to discuss Tumours, and to ease the Pains of the Ears.

Meadow-Saxifrage, in Latin Saxifraga Anglica fa∣cie seseli pratensis.

It has a long, wrinkly Root, black without, white within, of a sweet and Aromatick Taste, and somewhat a∣crid. It has several Stalks, three or four Foot high, of the thickness of the Little Finger; they are round, channel'd, full of Pith, and reddish near the Earth; they are branchy from the bottom, the Branches com∣ing, at great distances, from the Wings of the Leaves. The Leaves that come from the Roots, and those on the Stalks, are smooth, and of a dull Green, and are much cut in; they are somewhat like the Leaves of Fennel. At the top are Umbrels of Flowers, they are small, and consist of five Leaves, and are of a light yellow∣ish Colour. The Seed is channel'd, and short. It smells like Parsnep. It grows in Meadows, and moist Pastures.

The Juice of it, the De∣coction, the distill'd Wa∣ter, and the Powder of the Seed, provoke Urine, ex∣pel Gravel and Wind, and ease the Cholick. Take of the Water of Pellitory, Sa∣xifrage, and Cowslips, each one Ounce; of London-Laudanum one Grain, of Diacodium six Drams; mingle them, make a Draught to be taken at Bed-time. This is used to expel Gravel.

Common Field-Scabious,in Latin Scabiosa major com∣munior.

It has many soft, hairy, whitish green Leaves, some are much jag'd, some but little; they have small Threads in them, which may be seen by breaking them. It has many round, hairy, green Stalks, two or three Foot high; they have

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hairy, green Leaves on them, deeply and neatly divided. At the top of the Stalks stand round Heads of Flowers, of a pale blu∣ish Colour, many plac'd to∣gether. The Root is white and thick, and grows deep in the Earth. It grows fre∣quently in Pastures, and amongst Corn.

The Herb boyl'd in Wine, the Juice, or the distill'd Water, cures Im∣posthumes, a Pleurisie, a Cough, and other Diseases of the Breast. 'Tis also good for a Quinsie, and the Plague: And it cures the Itch, and little Pocky Ulcers in the Fundament, and other Parts, called Rha∣gades.

Scordium, or Water-Germander, in Latin Scor∣dium.

The Stalk is an Hand high, or higher, and branchy. The Branches take Root in several pla∣ces, and so it increases much. The Leaves grow two at a Joint; they are long, wrinkly, soft, whitish, hairy, and indented; and they smell like Garlick, and taste bitter; they are like Germander-leaves. The Flowers are like German∣der-flowers; they are red.

Scordium is Alexiphar∣mick, and Sudorifick. 'Tis chiefly used in the Plague, and Malignant Diseases, and for Obstructions of the Liver, Spleen and Lungs. Outwardly applied, it cleanses Wounds and Ul∣cers, and eases the Pain of the Gout. Diascordium is made of it, and has its Name from it. Many Pe∣stilential Buboes have been broken and cured with Scordium. The Compoun∣ded Scordium-water is much in use; and is made in the following manner: Take of the clarified Juice of Goats-Rue, Sorrel, Scor∣dium and Citron, each one Pound; of London-Treacle two Ounces; infuse them three Days, and then distil them in Glass. You may give two or three Ounces at a time.

Scurvy grass, in La∣tin Cochlearia.

'Tis hot and dry, and abounds with a Volatile Salt: Upon

which Account, it renders the fix'd and crude Hu∣mours more Spiritous and Volatile. It cures those Diseases that proceed from too great a quantity of fix∣ed Salts, but especially the Scurvy; upon which Ac∣count it is call'd in English, Scurvy-grass. But, because the Parts wherein the chief Virtue of this Plant con∣sists are very Volatile, and soon dissipated by boyling, the Juice, or an Infusion of the Herb, is much more effectual than the Deco∣ction. The Scurvy is a Disease very frequent a∣mong those that live on the Sea-shore, especially in the North; and among such as feed chiefly upon Salt-fish. Solenander says, such kind of Plants grow in every Region, by the Appointment of God Al∣mighty, which most agree with the People and Ani∣mals that are there bred. Nay, he says, he could tell what were the Diseases of any Country, by seeing the Herbs that were most common in it. As, Among the Danes and Dutch, with whom the Scurvy is ve∣ry frequent, Scurvy-grass grows plentifully. Take of Conserves of Scurvy-grass, Roman Wormwood, and Fumatory, each two Ounces; of the Powder of the Winteran-bark, and of the Root of Angelica, and of Wake-Robin, each two Drams; of the Species of the three Sanders one Dram and an half, of Crabs-eyes powder'd one Dram, of Salt of Wormwood two Drams; make an Electu∣ary with a sufficient quan∣tity of Syrup of Citron-bark: Take the quantity of a Nutmeg Morning and Evening, for the space of three Weeks, drinking pre∣sently after it a quarter of a Pint of the following An∣ti-scorbutick Wine: Take of the Leaves of Scurvy-grass four Handfuls, of Horse-Radish sliced four Ounces, of the Winteran-bark half an Ounce, the outward Rinds of four O∣ranges, and four Limons; put them all into a Glass well stop'd, add to them six Quarts of White-wine; keep the Bottle in a cool place, and pour the Li∣quor out as you use it.

Provide four Gallons of Small Ale, and, instead of Hops, boyl three Handfuls of Pine-tops: When the Beer has done Working in the Vessel, hang in the Ves∣sel a Canvas-bag, with three Handfuls of Scurvy-grass in it, four Ounces of the Roots of Sharp-pointed Docks prepar'd, and the Rinds of four Oranges; when it is clear, drink of it for your ordinary Beer; you must put Stones or Bullets into the Bag, to make it sink: But before you begin to take of these Medicines, you must bleed once, and purge twice. The Spirits of Scurvy-grass, Golden and Plain, as they are called, are much used by some Coun∣try-people; but they are not near so effectual as the Anti-scorbutick Wine a∣bove-mention'd; for in∣deed, the best parts of the Scurvy-grass, I mean the the Volatile Salts, fly away, and are lost, in preparing the Spirit; so that scarce any thing remains, but Flegm, and an empty Name. See Dr. Willis of the Scurvy, pag. 263. Says he there, The Virtue evapo∣rates by Boyling.

Self-heal, in Latin Pru∣nella.

The Root grows a∣wry, and has some pretty large Fibres. The Stalk is nine Inches or a Foot high, or higher, hairy, and four∣square, and creeps by Fi∣bres that come from the lower Joints. The Leaves are placed by Intervals, upon long Foot-stalks; they are like the Leaves of Mar∣joram, or Basil, but larger, and hairy; they are so fine∣ly indented about the Edg∣es, that it is scarce visible. The Flowers are purple, and are placed upon a Spike at top; the Flower varies sometimes. It grows every where among Pa∣stures, and flowers in June.

'Tis much of the same Virtue with Bugules. 'Tis used outwardly in Wounds, and often in a Quinsie, and other Diseases of the Mouth and Jaws. A Gargarism being made of the De∣coction, or distill'd Water of it.

Shepherd's-purse, in Latin Bursa pastoris.

'Tis sometimes an Hand, a Foot, sometimes three or four Foot high, or higher. It has a small, strait, white, fibrous Root; it tastes sweetish, but nauseous. The Leaves that come from the Root are oblong, and sometimes whole, but most commonly jagg'd deep, the Jags ending in an Acute Point; they are a little hairy, and have Foot-stalks an Inch long; or they are rather enlarg'd by degrees, from a narrow Beginning; for the upper∣most upon the Stalks, with a broad Basis, grow with∣out those Foot-stalks, and are not jagg'd at all; they have an Ear at each Side: From the middle of the Leaves, one, two, three, or four, or more Stalks rise, divided into Branches, pla∣ced alternately. The Top-stalks and Branches run up, as it were, into long Ears of Flowers, which are pla∣ced on small Foot-stalks, about half an Inch long: The Flowers are small and white, compos'd of four small, undivided Leaves, with Threads, bearing yel∣low Tufts. When the Flowers fall, the Foot-stalks increase to the length of an Inch, and bear the Receptacles of the Seeds, that are sharp at the Be∣ginning, and end in a large Purse, divided into two Parts; a great many small Seeds are contain'd in each Vessel; they are reddish when they are ripe.

'Tis astringent, and thic∣kens; wherefore 'tis good for Bleeding at Nose, a Tent made of Cotton, be∣ing dip'd in the Juice of it, and put up the Nostrils. 'Tis also proper in a Dy∣sentery, a Diarrhaea, and for Bloody Urine, and the immoderate Flux of the Courses. 'Tis outwardly used by the Common Peo∣ple, to heal Wounds, with good Success. 'Tis also put into Febrifuge Cataplasms for the Wrists.

Silver-weed, in Latin Argentina.

This Plant takes its Name from the soft and Silver-Down of its Leaves. The Root is sometimes sin∣gle, cover'd with a blackish

Bark, sometimes fibrous; it tastes astringent. It has many Leaves near the Earth; they are like the Leaves of Agrimony, and are deeply indented about the Edges. It sends out, on every Side, Shoots, whereby it increases won∣derfully, like Straw-berries. The Flowers are yellow, and consist of five roundish Leaves, not indented, and are placed single, on long, hairy Foot-stalks. It grows frequently near Foot-paths, and in moist Places, where the Water has stagnated all the Winter.

It cools moderately, and is very astringent: Upon which Account it cures Spitting of Blood, and the immoderate Flux of the Womb and Belly. 'Tis good for the Stone in the Kidnies; and is very use∣ful in curing Wounds and Ulcers' 'Tis much com∣mended for easing the Pain of the Teeth, and for re∣moving the Putrefaction of the Gums. 'Tis good to asswage the Heat of Fe∣vers; which it does very powerfully, being beaten with Salt and Vinegar, and applied to the Soles of the Feet, and the Arm-wrists. The Women in England use the distill'd Water of it to take off Freckles, Spots and Botches from the Face, and when they are Sun-burnt. The Root of it, which they call Moors, in Yorkshire, about Settle, are eaten by the Boys in Winter; for they taste sweet, and are as pleasant as Parsnips. Hogs dig them up, and eat them greedily. 'Tis affirm'd, that being worn in the Shooes, it will cure the Bloody-Flux, Bleeding at Nose, and all immoderate Fluxes of the Belly. Hartman says, That having used it this way, it has done good when all o∣ther Means signified nothing.

Smallage, in Latin A∣pium.

'Tis hot and dry. It incides, and opens; up∣on which Account it is rec∣kon'd among the five O∣pening Roots: It provokes Urine and the Courses, and expels Gravel: It cures the Jaundice. The Seed is reckon'd among the Lesser Hot Seeds. The use of this

Herb certainly injures those that are afflicted with the Falling-sickness: But being translated into Gardens, it becomes more gentle, and less ungrateful; for in Italy and Spain they eat the ten∣der Leaves of it, and the upper part of the Root, with Oyl and Pepper.

Sneez-wort, in Latin Ptarmica.

The Root grows awry, and is, as it were, jointed, and has many long Fibres that are pretty large; it tastes acrid, and hot. It has several brittle Stalks, a Yard high, or more, and sometime not near so high; they are divided into seve∣ral Branches, whereon are placed narrow, long Leaves, pointed, and finely indented about the Edges. At the top grow many white Flowers in a Tuft, with a yellowish Thrum in the middle. It grows in moist places, and flowers in July.

It tastes hot and acrid. The Powder of it provokes Snee∣zing. The Root chewed ca∣ses the Pain in the Teeth, by evacuating Flegm. The Herb is mix'd with Sallets, to correct cold Herbs.

Solomon's-seal, in La∣tin Polygomaton,

The Root is a Finger thick, unequal and tuberous, with a great many Fibres, and of a sweetish Taste. The Stalk is two or three Foot high, round, and smells ill if it be rub'd or cut; it is bent like a Bow. The Leaves are placed one above ano∣ther; they are large, and like the Leaves of the Lilly of the Vallies; they are nervous, and of a shining dark Green above, of a grayish Colour underneath. At the Foot of every Leaf, almost from the bottom to the top, hang long, white and hollow Flowers; and after them, small, round Berries, green at first, and bluish when they are ripe, wherein are small, stony Seeds; they are white.

'Tis Astringent, and Vul∣nerary: It stops all Fluxes; it cements broken Bones. And the Root boyl'd in Wine and drank, is excel∣lent for Contusions and Ruptures. Used outward∣ly it takes off Spots, and whitens the Skin. Four∣teen or fifteen of the Ber∣ries

purge Flegm, upwards and downwards. For the Whites, take Candied Roots of Solomon's-seal; and it is an excellent Re∣medy. 'Tis also counted good for the Falling-sick∣ness.

Sope-wort, in Latin Saponaria.

It creeps in the Ground, with small-jointed Roots. The Bark of the Root is reddish. The Stalks are three Foot high, or higher, round, smooth and reddish; they have many Joints, are full of Pith, and can scarce sustain themselves. The Leaves are placed by Pairs, at the Joints, opposite to one ano∣ther, three large Nerves running all along them; they are like Plantain-leaves; they are smooth, have a nitrous Taste, and short or no Foot-stalks at all. The Flowers are pla∣ced in Tufts, on the top of the Stalks, every one on a short Foot-stalk; they are of a pale-red Colour, sweet, and compos'd of five Leaves. The small, round∣ish Seeds are contain'd in an oblong Vessel that is thick about the Middle. It grows near Rivers, and Standing-waters. It flow∣ers in June, July, August and September.

The Root and Leaves are used in Physick, but it is but seldom. 'Tis used for an Asthma, and to pro∣voke the Courses. And a Decoction of it is much commended for the French-Pox. Outwardly applied, it discusses Tumours. Clothes are cleansed from Greasie Spots, by washing them with this Herb.

The Sorbe, or Quicken-tree, in Latin Sorbus sylve∣stris.

'Tis a Tree of a mid∣dle stature. The Bark is of a light Red, and spot∣ted. The Leaves are sharp, indented, and smooth; a∣bove green, below whitish. The Flowers are many, white▪ and sweet; and are placed in Umbels. The Berries are green at first; when they are ripe, of a darke Red; they taste ill.

The Berries yield an a∣cid Juice, which purges Water excellently well;

and is very good for the Scurvy. The Liquor which drops from the wounded Tree in the Spring, cures the Scurvy, and Diseases of the Spleen.

Common-Sorrel, in La∣tin Acetosa vulgaris.

It grows in Pastures and Mea∣dows.

'Tis cold and dry. It provokes Appetite, sup∣presses Choler, and quench∣es Thirst; wherefore 'tis frequently used in Fevers. The Juice may be mix'd with Broths, or the Leaves boyl'd in them. In Sum∣mer 'tis good Sauce for most Meats. The Roots of it dried, and boyl'd, give a delicate Tincture to the Water.

Sheep's-Sorrel, in Latin Acetosa arvensis lanceolata.

It grows in Sandy and dry Grounds.

It has the same Virtues with Common Sorrel.

Roman or French-Sor∣rel, in Latin Acetosa rotun∣difolia.

The form of the Leaf sometimes varies; be∣ing sometimes round, like Scurvy-grass, or the Lesser Celandine; sometimes, like Spinache, pointed like an Arrow; of a Sky or pale Colour, and of a delicate sharp Taste. The Stalks are bare, and above two Foot high. The little Flow∣ers are compos'd of yellow and red Threads. The Root is small, and creeps; and is less acid, and drier than the Leaves. 'Tis common in Gardens.

It has the same Virtues with the former.

Wood-Sorrel, in Latin Trifolium acetosum vulgare.

It grows commonly in sha∣dy places, in Woods and Hedges.

It has the same Virtues with the former. The Sy∣rup, the Conserve, and the distill'd Water of it are in use. The distill'd Water is used to wash the Mouth in the St. Anthony's Fire, and to cleanse Sordid Ul∣cers. 'Tis observ'd, that when it bears a great ma∣ny Flowers, the Year will

be very rainy; but dry when there is a few.

Sothernwood, in La∣tin Abrotanum.

'Tis some∣what astringent, and dis∣cusses much. It resists Pu∣trefaction and Poyson. It cures the Biting of Ve∣nomous Creatures, kills Worms, and forces Urine. It cures Hysterick Fits, and the Jaundice. The Tops of it boyl'd in Wine or Water, and sweeten'd with Hony or Sugar, do much good in an Asthma, and Difficulty of Breath∣ing; and helps Expectora∣tion. 'Tis used outwardly to strengthen Bones.

Marsh-Sparagus, in Latin Asparagus palustris.

'Tis found in many places: As, in the Marishes near Bristol, and about Harwich in Essex, &c. It differs on∣ly from the Garden-Spara∣gus by the Place of its Growth, and the Accidents that proceed from thence; for the saltness of it, and the thickness of the Leaves, and the largeness of the Berries, are to be imputed to the Sea; for the like is wont to happen to other Plants that grow near the Sea.

The Root is Diuretick, and Lithontriptick; and is one of the five Opening Roots. It opens the Ob∣structions of the Liver and Spleen, and especially of the Kidnies; and therefore it is frequently used in Diu∣retick Decoctions. The Stalks boyl'd gently, ac∣cording to Custom, and eaten, loosen the Belly, and provoke Urine; but they make it smell ill. A De∣coction of the Root drunk, relieves those that make Water difficultly, and those that have the Jaundice, and others that are afflict∣ed with Nephritick Pains, or the Hip Gout. But the frequent use of Diureticks occasions Ulcers in the Bladder.

Spatling, or White Poppy, in Latin Behen al∣bum.

The Root is woody, thick and white. The Stalks are two or three Foot high, or more, small, round, smooth and jointed, and divided into Wings at

the top. At every Joint are two Leaves, opposite to one another, like Cam∣pian, but smooth, very a∣crid and bitterish, with a certain Sweetness. The Flowers are white, or of a light Purple Colour. It grows amongst Corn.

'Tis commended for Fo∣mentations, and Sweating-baths. The Juice takes off Inflammations of the Eyes, and eases the Pain of them. The Seed purges Flegm, and is used in the Falling-sickness.

Male-Speed-well, in Latin Veronica mas supina & vulgatissima.

It creeps upon the Ground, and sends down Roots from the Joints. The Stalks are small, round, long, hairy, and jointed. The Leaves are set by Pairs at the Joints; they are hairy, and indented about the Edges; they taste bitterish and a∣crid. The Flowers are placed upon a Spike; they are compos'd of four light purple Leaves. The Seed is contain'd in small Husks, like Shepherd's-purse. It grows plentifully in dry Pastures, and amongst Heath.

'Tis Vulnerary, and Su∣dorifick. 'Tis used in Ob∣structions of the Lungs, and Spleen; for the Cho∣lick, Consumption, Plague, Wounds, and Itch. A large Dose of the Deco∣ction, taken for some time, expell'd a Stone from the Kidny of a Woman, that had been there sixteen Years. A Woman that had been barren seven Years, conceiv'd by taking the Powder of it in the di∣still'd Water of the Herb for many Days. The Sy∣rup of it is of great use in Diseases of the Lungs. One that had an incurable Ulcer in his Leg, found present Ease by dipping Rags in the Water, and applying them; for it took off the Inflammation, and all the Symptoms that ac∣companied it. One that had a Fistula in the Breast, and had used several Me∣dicines in vain, was cured by the inward use of this Water. Scabby Children have been cured by Rags

dip'd in this Water, and press'd out, and applied over the Scabs, when o∣ther Medicines would do no good: But it is conve∣nient for the Nurse to take Fumatory in Whey at the same time.

Common-Spignel, in Latin Meum.

It has some∣times one, sometimes ma∣ny Roots, above nine Inch∣es long: From the Sides of which grow most com∣monly oblique Roots, which are pretty long, of a dark brown Colour without, white within; it smells like a Parsnip, but more Aro∣matick. It has several long Stalks of Leaves, as small as an Hair; they are placed thick on both sides of the Stalk; they smell well. It has also round, stiff Stalks, like those of Fennel, but much less; they are channel'd, empty and branchy; and have Umbels of white Flowers on them, like Dill. The Seeds are large, great, and channel'd. It grows plen∣tifully in Westmorland, near Sidleberg.

It expels Wind, and forces Urine and the Cour∣ses; and is used for Mo∣ther-fits, for the Gripes, Catarrhs, and to help Ex∣pectoration. 'Tis an In∣gredient in several Com∣positions; in Treacle, and many other. Those that have vow'd Chastity must not use it, for it is a great Provocative to Venery. And it causes the Head∣ach.

Spinache, in Latin Spi∣nachia.

'Tis much used in the Kitchin. 'Tis good in Fevers; and it loosens the Belly. It cools, and moist∣ens; and is good in a dry Cough.

Spindle-tree, in Latin Euonimus.

'Tis a little, branchy Tree, or rather Shrub, eight or ten Foot high. The Suckers are of a pleasant green Colour, and the young Branches are four-square; the Wood is whitish, it has divers Branches. The Leaves are oblong, sharp, and indent∣ed. Soon after the Begin∣ning of Spring the pale Flowers come forth; they

are compos'd of four Leaves. After the Flow∣ers, come forth red Berries, divided into four parts; and in each is a white, hard Seed. The whole Tree has a strong and unplea∣sant Smell. 'Tis common in Hedges.

Three or four of the Berries vomit and purge. Women use the Powder of the Berries to kill Lice.

Spleen-wort, in Latin Asplenium.

The Root con∣sists of Capillary Threads, that are blackish and Pe∣rennial. The Leaves are many, but not a Finger long; they are placed upon short Foot-stalks; they are somewhat fat above, and downy under, and cleft, like Polypody; they are seldom an Inch broad. It grows frequently in the West, upon old Walls, viz. about Bristol, and the Stones at St. Vincent's Rock, &c.

'Tis called Spleen-wort, because it is effectual in cu∣ring Diseases of the Spleen. 'Tis chiefly used for Swel∣lings of the Spleen, for Spitting of Blood, and a Loosness. Outwardly used, it cleanses Wounds and Ul∣cers. One Dram of the Golden Powder on the Under-side of the Leaves, with half a Dram of White Amber powder'd, drunk in the Juice of Purslain, or Plantain, relieves those wonderfully that have a Gonorrhaea.

Straw-berry, in La∣tin Fragraria.

The Fruit cools and moistens. The distill'd Water of it com∣forts the Heart, purges the Blood, and cures Ulcers of the Mouth; and is good in a Quinsie, the Mouth being gargled with it. 'Tis Diuretick, and expecto∣rates. Those that are trou∣bled with hot Pushes in the Face, or a dry Itch in the Body, should take two Spoonfuls of the Water every Morning. The same quantity, at the same time, is good for those that have the Stone; for it cools the Reins, and expels Gravel. A Decoction of the whole Herb is very good for the Jaundice. Take of the

Waters of Wood-Sorrel, of the whole Citron, of Straw∣berries, each four Ounces; of the Syrup of the Juice of Citron one Ounce, of Prepar'd Pearls one Dram; make a Julap: Take four Spoonfuls three or four times a Day. This is good in Fevers, to attemperate the Blood.

Succory, in Latin Ci∣choreum.

The Root is as thick as the Thumb, and full of Milk. It has many Stalks, which are round and hairy. The Stalks of the Wild Succory are crooked, and sometimes four Foot high. The Branches at top are much divided. Some of the Leaves are cut deep, like Dandelion; others are whole, or but little indent∣ed: Those on the Stalks are placed alternately, without Foot-stalks; they are long, and end acute, and are hairy on both sides. The Flowers are blue, sometimes white, and red∣dish; many come out toge∣ther from the Wings of the upper Leaves. The whole Plant is very bitter.

'Tis counted cold by some Authors; but its bit∣ter Taste argues Heat. 'Tis Diuretick: It attenuates, and cleanses. 'Tis chiefly used in Obstructions of the Liver and Spleen, and for Fevers. The Water di∣still'd from the blue Flow∣ers is an excellent Reme∣dy for Inflammations and Dimness of the Eyes. The Leaves boyl'd, and eaten with Vinegar, cure a Go∣norrhaea. The Flowers of this Plant open and shut at Sun-rising and Sun-set∣ting, whether the Heavens are clear or cloudy. The Roots of Succory, the mid∣dle Bark of the Elder, the Twigs of Bitter-sweet, Wormwood, and the Roots of Sharp-pointed Dock, cure a Dropsie and Obstructions with expedition, and expel Wind. Syrup of Succory, with Rubarb, is much in use, and is an excellent Purge for Children, and is made in the following man∣ner: Take of Whole Bar∣ly, of the Roots of Smal∣lage, Fennel and Sparagus, each two Ounces; of Suc∣cory, Dandelion, Smooth South-thistle, and Endive,

each two Handfuls; of Garden-Lettice, Liverwort, Fumatory, and the Tops of Hops, each one Handful; of Venus-hair, White Mai∣den-hair, Spleen-wort, Li∣quorish, the Seed of Win∣ter-Cherry, and Dodder; each six Drams; boyl these in six Quarts of Fountain-water, till two Quarts be consum'd; strain the Li∣quor, and put in six Pounds of White Sugar; boyl it a while, then add six Oun∣ces of Rubarb, and six Drams of Spikenard, put into a Bag, which must be infus'd a while in the hot Liquor; then strain it, and boyl it to the Consistence of a Syrup. Succory-water is also in use.

Sun-dew, in Latin Ros solis.

Many Leaves come from a small, fibrous Root; they are placed on long Foot-stalks, that are hairy above; they are almost round, like an Ear-picker, a little concave, and of a pale-green Colour, with a small, red Fringe round them; they have always a Dew on them in the hot∣test Day. From the middle of the Leaves rise up two or three round, small, red∣dish Stalks, of an Hand or half a Foot high; they have no Leaves on them. It has many whitish Flow∣ers, placed one above an∣other, on short Foot-stalks. Oblong Seminal Vessels, in shape and bigness like Wheat, succeed the Flow∣ers; they are full of Seeds. It grows plentiful∣ly in Sir William Goring's Park, near Petworth, in Sussex; and in many other places.

Botanists differ about the Virtue of this Plant: Some commend it for a Consumption, the Plague-wounds, and the Falling-sickness: But others, with good Reason, forbid the inward use of it; for it is so Caustick, that being put on the Skin, it will cause Ulcers. 'Tis very injurious to Sheep, for it burns up their Lungs, and gives them a deadly Cough. Upon which Ac∣count it is called the Red-Rot. A Strong-water made with it was formerly much in use. Many superstitious

Things are reported of this Plant, which I design∣edly omit.

T.

TAmarisk, in Latin Tamariscus.

'Tis ex∣cellent for Diseases of the Spleen. A Decoction of the Bark stops the Courses, and an immoderate Flux of the Hemorrhoids: It set∣tles the Teeth when they are loose, and eases the Pain of them; and is good for Ulcers of the Mouth, for the Leprosie, Itch, and other Ulcers; for Me∣lancholy, the Black-Jaun∣dice, and a Dropsie, occa∣sion'd by an hard and ob∣structed Spleen. Take of Steel one Ounce, of the Middle-bark of the Ash, Tamarisk, Roots of Ca∣pers, each half an Ounce; of Sassafras, and Juniper, each six Drams, of the Roots of Elecampane, An∣gelica, Galangal, Sweet-smelling Flag, each two Drams; Shavings of Harts∣horn, Ivory, Yellow San∣ders, each▪ three Drams; the Leaves of Wormwood, Ground-pine, Spleen-wort, Dodder, Balm, German∣der, each two Pugils; the Flowers of Bugloss, Bo∣rage, Scabious, Broom, each one Pugil; of Cin∣namon half an Ounce; Cloves, Ginger, Mace, Nutmegs, each two Drams; beat them grosly, and pour on them two Quarts of White-wine, and infuse them in a Glass well stop∣ped, in B. M. three or four Days; strain it, and take four Spoonfuls every Morn∣ing. This is good for Me∣lancholy, and Pains in the Stomach.

Common Tansie, in La∣tin Tanacetum.

'Tis Vul∣nerary, Uterine, and Ne∣phritick. 'Tis used for the Worms, the Gripes, and the Stone in the Kidnies and Bladder; for Obstru∣ction of the Courses, Wind, and a Dropsie. The Juice of it applied to the Hands and Feet, cure the Chaps of them, Scabby Ulcers, and the Itch. A Conserve of the Leaves and Tops re∣sists Putrefaction, purifies the Blood, and opens Ob∣structions.

One was cured of an Obstinate Dropsie by the Decoction of it. Take of the Conserve of Tansie, Fumatory, Wood-Sorrel, each two Ounces; of the Compounded Powder of Wake-Robin three Drams; of Ivory, Crabs-eyes, and Coral prepar'd, each one Dram; of Yellow Sanders powder'd, and of the Wood of Aloes, each half a Dram; of Salt of Steel one Dram, of Salt of Wormwood one Dram and an half, of the Syrup of the Five Opening Roots a sufficient quanti∣ty; make an Electuary: Take the quantity of a Chesnut Night and Morn∣ing. This is good for the Scurvy, and to strengthen the Blood.

Tarragon, in Latin Dracunculus hortensis.

'Tis used frequently in Sallets, to correct cold Herbs, and the Crudities of them. 'Tis good for those that have cold Stomachs. It procures Appetite, and expels Wind. It provokes Urine, and the Courses, and opens Ob∣structions. Being chew'd, it evacuates Flegm, and so eases the Pain of the Teeth. 'Tis also Sudo∣rifick.

Teasel, Fuller's-Thistle, or Venus's Basin, in Latin Dipsacus.

The Roots of it boyl'd in Wine, cure Ul∣cers of the Fundament, cal∣led Rhagades, and Warts. The Water that is receiv'd in the hollowness of the Leaves, is good for Inflam∣mations of the Eyes: It al∣so takes off Spots from the Face, and beautifies it. Boyl'd in Wine, it purges by Urine. But Cloth-workers use it chiefly.

Dwarf-Carline-Thistle, in Latin Carduus acaulis.

The Leaves lie on the Ground, in a Circle; they are of a green Colour, and very prickly; they are cut in deep, and are hairy; they have either no Stalks at all, or but one, an Inch, or an Inch and an half high. The little Heads are oblong, and not at all prickly. The Flowers are purple. The Root is as long as the Little Finger, and has some thickish Fi∣bres, and grows awry:

'Tis of a reddish Colour, especially within, and tastes somewhat Aromatick. It grows commonly on Hills, and in dry Places, and on Stony Grounds, on the Downs in Sussex.

'Tis Alexipharmick, and Sudorifick. It prevents and cures the Plague, if it be taken in time. 'Tis Diu∣retick, and good in a Drop∣sie. Philip Melancton, when he was afflicted with Hy∣pochondriack Pains, used this Herb, and commended it much.

Milk-Thistle, or Ladies-Thistle, in Latin Carduus Mariae.

The Leaves have white Spots; they are long, and broad, and very prickly. The Stalk is chan∣nel'd, downy, and five or six Foot high; and is divi∣ded into many Branches. The Brush is so prickly, that it cannot be handled. The Root is long, and thick. It grows frequent∣ly in Hedges and Ditches.

'Tis supposed to have the same Virtue with the Blessed Thistle, called com∣monly Carduus. But it is oftner used in the Kitchin, than for Medicine. The Decoction of it is used with good Success, in Obstru∣ctions of the Liver, of the Bowels, and of Urine; wherefore it is good in the Jaundice, for the Dropsie, and the Stone in the Kid∣nies. The distill'd Water of it cures the Diseases of the Sides. 'Tis chiefly used outwardly, in Eating Ul∣cers, Rags being dip'd in the Water, and applied to the Sores. The Seed is fre∣quently used in Emulsions, with other Seeds, for a Pleu∣risie. The tender Leaves, the Prickles being cut off, are boyl'd with Pot-herbs, and eat very well. 'Tis kept in Gardens, and is used in Sallets, and the like. Take of the Water of Ladies-Thistle ten Oun∣ces, of Eratick Poppy-wa∣ter three Ounces, of the Syrup of the same one Ounce, of Prepar'd Pearl one Dram; mix them: Take six Spoonfuls every fourth Hour. This Julap is used in a Peripneumonia, or Inflammation of the Lungs.

The Blessed Thistle, in Latin Carduus Benedictus.

The whole Plant is very bitter, except the Root. This Thistle was called Blessed, or Holy, for its excellent Virtues. It was sent out of India, to Frede∣rick III. Emperor; tho' it was afterwards found to grow of its own accord in Europe. The Decoction of it is best. 'Tis commended for the Falling-sickness, for Giddi∣ness in the Head, and Deaf∣ness; also for the Cholick, for the Stone in the Kid∣nies, and for the Hip-Gout. But it is chiefly prais'd for its Virtue against the Plague; either taken in∣wardly, for Prevention, or to cure it by provoking Sweat; or outwardly ap∣plied, to break the Buboes. Our People use it common∣ly in Posset-drink, to pro∣mote Sweating: And, by taking a large quantity of it, they cleanse the Sto∣mach by Vomiting. There is scarce any thing better for curing Putrid Ulcers. A Woman, whose Breasts were quite consum'd by a Cancer, was restor'd to Health by the distill'd Wa∣ter of it, and by sprinkling the Powder of the Leaves on the Ulcers. A Girl that took Poyson, was cured by the use of this Water, when Treacle, and other Alexi∣pharmicks would do no good. 'Tis also much com∣mended for the Scurvy. Take of Carduus-water compounded, and Scordi∣um-water, each three Oun∣ces; Treacle-water two Ounces; make a Julap: Take six Spoonfuls every sixth Hour. This is good in the Plague.

Thorn-Apple, in Latin Stramonium.

An Ointment made of the Juice of the Leaves, and Lard, is very good for Burns and Scalds. The Seed powder'd, and taken in Beer, occasions Madness for twenty four Hours. Thieves give it to those they intend to rob. And Wenches give half a Dram of it to their Lovers, in Beer or Wine. Some are so well skill'd in Dosing of it, that they can make Men mad for as many Hours as they please.

Thorow-wax, in La∣tin Perfoliata.

The Root is single, white and woody, and tastes sweet. It has one small, stiff, smooth, round, channel'd, concave, jointed Stalk, a Foot, or two Foot high, of an Aro∣matick Smell when it is cut or broken. The Leaves are almost oval, smooth, and bluish: Little Nerves run obliquely, from the Centre of the Leaf, to the Circumference of it. The Stalk passes through the Leaf, which is divided into Branches at top, whereon stand Tufts of small, yel∣low Flowers. The Seed is small, and blackish.

The Decoction of the Herb in Wine, or the Leaves powder'd, are giv∣en for Ruptures and Con∣tusions. 'Tis also used for the King's-Evil, for Fra∣ctures, and an Erysipe∣las.

Throat-wort, in Latin Trachelium.

The Root is white, and sweet. The Stalks are three or four Foot high, or higher, about the thickness of the Little Finger; they are chan∣nel'd, hairy, and purplish. The Leaves are placed al∣ternately on the Stalks; they are hairy, and like the Leaves of Nettles; the Under are placed on long Foot-stalks, the Upper on short ones. The Flowers are like a Bell, and of a bluish Colour.

The whole Plant, espe∣cially the Root, is astrin∣gent, and drying; and therefore the Decoction of it is good to be used at the Beginning of Ulcers and In∣flammations of the Mouth, and Tonsils; and for other Diseases that require astrin∣gent Remedies.

Wild Thyme, in Latin Serpyllum.

It grows on Hills, and dry Grounds.

'Tis hot and dry. It forces the Courses, and U∣rine. 'Tis Cephalick, U∣terine, and Stomachick. 'Tis good for Spitting of Blood, and Convulsions, and for Gripes. Outward∣ly applied, it cures Head-aches, and Giddiness; and disposes to Sleep.

Toad-flax, in Latin Linaria lutea vulgaris.

It creeps much, with white, hard, woody Roots. It has many Stalks, a Foot, or two Foot high; they are smooth, and bluish; they have many sharp, narrow Leaves, plac'd disorderly; they are branchy at top. The yellow Flowers are placed on a Spike, at the top of the Branches, each on a short Foot-stalk. The Seed is round. The whole Plant tastes bitterish, and a little acrid.

A small Glass of the di∣still'd Water, with a Dram of the Powder of Ground-Elder mix'd with it, eva∣cuates Urine powerfully in a Dropsie. The Water al∣so purges by Stool, and cures the Jaundice; but especially, the Decoction of the Herb in Wine, which also opens Obstructions of the Liver. The Water or the Juice drop'd into the Eyes, cure Inflammations and Redness of them. Rags dip'd in the Water, cleanse Ulcers: And the Juice takes off Spots from the Face. Take of the Herb and Flowers a suffi∣cient quantity; boyl them with Lard, till it is very green; and make an Oint∣ment: When you use it, mix a Yolk of an Egg with it. This is good to take off the Pain of the Piles.

Tobacco, in Latin Ni∣cotiana.

It resists Putrefa∣ction, provokes Sneezing; is Anodyne, Vulnerary, and vomits. Being smoak'd, it stops Catarrhs, disposes to Rest, takes off Weariness, and suppresses Mother-fits, and is a good Preservative against the Plague. A Gar∣garism of it cures the Tooth-ach, and dissolves Tumours of the Uvula. A Bath of it, or the green Leaves applied, cure a Le∣prosie, the Itch, and Lice: It heals Wounds, and cleanses Ulcers, and cures Burns. The Smoaking of Tobacco strengthens the Stomach, helps Conco∣ction, and gently moves the Belly: But it is not good for People of an hot Constitution. The Pain of the Teeth is cured, by stopping those that are hol∣low

with Calcin'd Tobac∣co. For the Palsie, Take the green Leaves, and in∣fuse them in Malaga-Wine, and rub the Parts well with it after Sweating. This is the best outward Remedy for a Palsie. A Noble∣man that was extreamly fat, was reduc'd to an or∣dinary Size, by chewing Tobacco; which also does good in an Asthma. 'Tis of great use in Camps, where there is, many times, Scarcity of Victuals; and Cholicks, and the like. The Fume of Tobacco blown up into the Bowels, is a most effectual Clyster in the Cholick. It also cures Mother-fits, and Fainting, being blown up∣on the Matrix.

The Greater Tooth-wort, in Latin Dentaria major.

The Root is soft, white, and juicy, and con∣sists of many Scales. The Stalk is about as thick as the Little Finger, nine Inch∣es high, or higher, round, and juicy, easily broken, cover'd with a thin Mem∣brane, and full of a juicy Pulp. It has some Mem∣branaceous Ears, like Leaves, placed by Inter∣vals. It has many gaping, light, purplish Flowers, that hang on short Foot-stalks. The Seed is round.

'Tis excellent for Rup∣tures, for inward Wounds, and for Diseases rising from Defluxions, two Drams of the Powder being taken in Broth for forty Days toge∣ther.

Tormentil, in Latin Tormentilla.

The Root is sometimes as thick as the Thumb; sometimes it grows streight, sometimes awry; it has reddish Fi∣bres, and is of an astrin∣gent Taste. The Stalks lie on the Ground, having ma∣ny short Leaves; sometimes they grow upright, and are two Foot high; they are small, hairy, and reddish. The Flowers are small, and yellowish, and consist of four Leaves. Note, the Leaves are like the Leaves of Cinquefoil, but longer, and less dented.

It dries, and is very a∣stringent; wherefore there

is no Remedy more proper for Fluxes of the Belly and Womb, than the Roots of Tormentil. Besides, they are Diaphoretick, and A∣lexipharmick; wherefore they are used in all Medi∣cines for the Plague, and Malignant Diseases, espe∣cially when Fluxes of the Belly accompany them. Moreover, they are mix'd with Vulnerary Potions, Ointments, and Plasters; for they cure old and pu∣trid Ulcers. Half a Dram, or a Dram of the Extract of Tormentil is much com∣mended for curing an Epi∣demick Dysentery; Ru∣barb being used before, if there be occasion. A Wo∣man that was wont to mis∣carry after the Second Month, was cured in the following manner: She was purg'd, and took Sage with her Meat and Drink, and as much of the following Powder as would lie on a Groat was given at a time: Take of Cochinele, Pre∣par'd Pearl, and Tormen∣til-roots, each one Dram; of Mastick half a Dram; mingle them, and make a Powder. The following Plaster was applied to the Loins, and the Os sacrum: Take of the purest Labda∣num one Ounce and an half; of Galls, Oak-Moss, Bole-Armoniack, Cypress-Nuts, Seal'd-Earth, Mirtles, Red Roses, Dragon's-blood, and Balaustians, each half an Ounce; of Ship-Pitch two Ounces, of Turpen∣tine six Ounces; make a Plaster. After the use of these things, she went out her Time, and had a lu∣sty Child; and after that more.

Marsh-Trefoil, or Buck∣beans, in Latin Trifolium palustre.

It grows com∣monly in Marishes, and watery Places; and is much commended in the Scurvy, and for Pains in the Limbs. The Leaves are boyl'd in Beer, and it is taken twice or thrice a Day; but be∣cause it is very bitter, 'tis best taken in a Syrup.

Turnep, in Latin Ra∣pum.

It forces Urine, and is a Provocative to Vene∣ry. The Juice and Broth wherein they are boyl'd cure Quartan-Agues. Raw

Turneps cure the Scurvy-Roasted under Ashes, and applied behind the Ears, they cure the Head-ach, and the Pain of the Teeth. They are applied to Ul∣cers of the Legs, and to Swellings of the Breast, and for Scrophulous and Scorbutick Tumours, with good Success. The Broth of them makes a good Gar∣garism for Sore Mouths. Half a Dram of the Seed is used at a time to excite Venery; and in Malig∣nant Diseases, to expel Ve∣nom. Take of sliced Tur∣neps, and of White Sugar, each half a Pound; put them into an Earthen Pot, making a Lay of one, and a Lay of the other; cover it with Paper, and bake it with Bread; when it is drawn press out the Juice, and keep it for use: Take a Spoonful Morning and Evening. This is good for Coughs, and at the Begin∣ning of Consumptions.

Tutsan, in Latin An∣drosaemum vulgare.

The Root is thick, woody, red∣dish, and has long Fibres. The Stalks are woody, three or four Foot high, round, reddish, smooth, and crested. They have two large Leaves at every Joint, green above, whitish be∣low. The Flowers are yel∣low, and consist of five Leaves; they are placed on long Foot-stalks. After the Flowers, come Heads of Seeds, first greenish, then reddish, and last of a purple Colour. The Juice is reddish.

It stops Blood, and is an excellent Vulnerary Plant, taken inwardly, or out∣wardly applied.

V.

GArden-Valerian, in Latin Valeriana hor∣tensis.

The Root and Herb are very Diuretick. Half a Spoonful of the Powder of the Root, before the Stalk springs, taken once or twice, in Wine, Water, or Milk, relieves those that are seiz'd with the Falling-sickness. And Sylvius rec∣kons it more effectual in this Case, than the Roots

of Male-Peony. The Leaves bruis'd, are commonly ap∣plied to slight Wounds; upon which Account it is called Cut-finger. It pur∣ges upwards and down∣wards.

Common Vervain, in Latin Verbena vulgaris.

So many Virtues are attribu∣ted by Authors, to this Plant, that it would tire one to reckon them up. 'Tis Cephalick, and Vul∣nerary. 'Tis used for Ob∣structions of the Liver and Spleen, and in the Stone; for Diseases of the Eyes, and Breast; for the Gripes, the Bloody-Flux, a Tertian Ague, to heal Wounds, and to hasten Delivery. 'Tis outwardly used for the Head-ach, Pain of the Teeth, Redness and Weak∣ness of the Eyes, for a Quinsie, and for Swellings of the Glandules of the Jaws, for the Falling of the Fundament, for cleansing Ulcers, and for Pains of the Spleen, 'Tis reckon'd a Specifick for Pains of the Head, from whatever Cause they proceed. The distill'd Water is applied outward∣ly to the Head; and four Ounces are taken inward∣ly, with four Drops of Spi∣rit of Salt. Forestus says, he knew Two who were cured of the Head-ach, on∣ly by hanging the green Herb about their Necks, when many other Medi∣cines were used to no pur∣pose.

Violet, in Latin Viola.

The Leaves are cooling. The Flowers moisten, cool and mollifie. They are reckon'd among the Cor∣dial-Flowers. They are chiefly used in Fevers, to abate the Heat, and to ease the Pain of the Head oc∣casion'd by it; and for Coughs and Pleurises. The Seed is Lithontriptick. The Syrup is most in use, and is made in the following manner: Take of the Flow∣ers of fresh Violets one Pound, of clear, hot Wa∣ter two Pints and an half; keep it close cover'd, in an Earthen Glaz'd Pot, a Day; then press it out, and add to two Pints of the strain'd Liquor, four Pounds of Sugar; take off the Scum as it rises, and

make a Syrup without boyling.

Viper's-grass, in La∣tin Scorzonera.

The Root is eaten with Meat, and is as sweet as Parsnips. 'Tis much used for the Biting of Venomous Creatures, in Pestilential Fevers, for Melancholy, Palpitation of the Heart the Falling-sick∣ness, Giddiness, Obstructi∣ons of the Bowels, Dis∣eases of the Womb, for the Jaundice, and at the Beginning of a Dropsie. Take of the Roots of Scorzonera and Angelica, each six Drams; of the Leaves of Wood-Sorrel, with the Roots, two Handfuls; of Rasp'd Hart's-horn and Ivory, each half an Ounce, of Liquorish two Drams; boyl them in a sufficient quantity of Barly-water, to one Pint and an half; to the strain'd Liquor add of Compounded Scordium-water, and of the cold Cordial-water of Saxony, each three Ounces; of Sy∣rup of Rasberries three Ounces; mingle them; make an Apozem, of which take three Ounces, or four, at pleasure. This is much used in Fevers.

W.

WAlnut-tree, in La∣tin Juglans.

The outward Bark dried, vo∣mits strongly: The Cat∣kins are a gentler Vomit. The fresh Nuts move the Belly: The Dry are hot, and hard to digest; they increase Choler, and cause a Cough. The Juice of the outward Bark gargl'd in the Mouth, is very useful in a Relaxation of the Al∣monds, and for an Inflam∣mation of the Throat. A Decoction of the outward Bark of the green Nut for∣ces Worms out of their Holes. The green and un∣ripe Nuts candied with the Bark on, gently move the Belly, two or three being taken at Bed-time. The Tree tap'd in the Spring, yields a great quantity of Liquor, but it is not so pleasant as that of the Birch-tree. 'Tis said to be peculiarly proper for Ob∣structions

of the Courses. The Nuts being infus'd in Water till the Skin of the Kernels comes off, then in∣fuse them two Days in A∣qua vitae: Take two or three of them daily, in the Morning fasting, for ten Days before the usual time of their Flowing. The Oyl of the Nut, mix'd with Oyl of Almonds, is excel∣lent in the Stone; two or three Ounces of it may be taken inwardly at a time. See Mr. Boyl, of Specifick Remedies, pag. 163.

Wall-flower, in Latin Leucoium luteum.

It grows every where on Walls.

The Flowers are cordial, and good for the Nerves: They ease Pain, provoke the Courses, expel the Se∣cundine, and a dead Child. The Conserve of the Flowers, the distil'd Wa∣ter, and the Oyl made of the Flowers by Infusion, are in use for Apoplexies, and Palsies. The Oyl is very Anodine in Wounds, and Inflammations of the Nervous Parts.

Way-faring-tree, in Latin Viburnum.

It some∣times spreads much, tho' it is not high. The Wood of it is fungous and pithy. The Branches are about a Finger thick, and four Foot long, or longer. The Bark is of a dark-gray Colour; but the Bark of the Branch∣es is whitish. The Leaves are somewhat like the Leaves of the Alder; they are broad, longish and thickish, and indented about the Edges; they are hairy and white, like Meal, especial∣ly below. The Flowers are placed in Umbels, and smell like the Flowers of Elder; they are white, and consist of five Leaves. The Berries are first green, then red, and lastly black; they are sweet, and clammy. Some Country-people eat them. It grows commonly in Hedges.

The Leaves and Berries are dry, and astringent. They are used for Inflam∣mations of the Throat and Almonds, and for the Re∣laxation of the Ʋvula, and to settle the Teeth when they are loose, and also for

Fluxes of the Belly. A Decoction of the Leaves makes the Hairs black, and prevents their fal∣ling.

Wheat, in Latin Triti∣cum.

The Juice of it is good to take off Spots. The Flower mix'd with Bean-shell-water, takes out Wrinkles from the Face. A Cataplasm made with Water and Oyl, and the Flower, takes off the Hard∣ness of the Breast, and ri∣pens Swellings. The Bran cleanses the Hands, and makes them soft and white.

Common Whitlow-grass, in Latin Parony∣chia vulgaris.

It has a small, fibrous Root, and many Leaves, that lie on the Ground; they are scarce an Inch long; they are pointed, hairy, some∣times green, sometimes reddish, and a little indent∣ed; and taste somewhat astringent at first, after∣wards acrid. It has some∣times one, sometimes two or three Stalks, or more; they are round, and about an Hand high, and some∣times not so much; they have no Leaves on them, but they have many little, white Flowers, which con∣sist of four Leaves; they have small, flat Pouches. It grows on Walls and Houses.

Rue Whitlow-grass, in∣fus'd in Small Beer, and drank for some Days, cures King's-Evil-Swellings, with∣out any sensible Evacua∣tion. See Mr. Boyl, of Spe∣cifick Remedies, pag. 155. Take of Whitlow-grass half an Handful, fry it with Flower, and an Egg: Take it in a Morning fasting, for two Days. This cures the Whites.

Winter-cherry, in La∣tin Alkekengi.

The Berries are Diuretick, Nephritick, and Lithontriptick. They are also good for the Jaun∣dice; they may be either infus'd in Wine, or boyl••d in Posset-drink, or pow∣der'd, and taken in any Li∣quor. One that took eight of the Cherries every Change of the Moon, was cured of the Gout; tho'

before, he was miserably afflicted with it. Take of Chios-Turpentine two Drams, of the Balsam of Tolu half a Dram, with a sufficient quantity of the Troches of Alkakengi; make Midling Pills: Take four at Bed-time. These Pills are good for the Stone in the Kidnies.

Winter-green, in La∣tin Pyrola.

Five or six of its Leaves lie on the Ground; they are like the Leaves of a Pear; they are thick, of a dark Green, smooth, and shining above. The Foot-stalks are near an Hand long. The Stalk is nine Inches high, and an∣gled, and has on it some small, sharp Leaves; and a Spike of fine, white Flowers, consisting of five Leaves. The whole Plant tastes bitter. It grows in the North, near Halifax.

'Tis an excellent Vulne∣rary Herb, either taken inwardly, or outwardly ap∣plied.

Woodroof, in Latin A∣sperula.

'Tis divided into many Joints. The Root is small, and creeps on the top of the Earth, sending down Capillary Fibres. The Stalks are small, four∣square, an Hand or nine Inches high. The Leaves are placed on the Joints, like those of Madder; they are larger than Cleaver-leaves, and of a lighter Green; they shine a little, and are a little hairy. The Stalk is divided at the top into two or three Branches, upon which the Foot-stalks sustain the little Flowers, that smell sweet, and are compos'd of four small Leaves. The Seeds are small, and very hairy, and in shape like a Kidny; they stick to the Clothes, as the Seeds of Clevers do. It grows in hilly Woods, and among Bushes. It flowers in May.

'Tis used for Obstru∣ctions of the Liver, and Gall-bladder; and to cool an hot Liver. It procures Mirth, as they say, being put into Wine, and gives it a pleasant Taste; for which Reason 'tis frequently used among the Germans.

Common Wormwood, in Latin Absinthium vulgare.

It strengthens the Stomach and Liver, excites Appe∣tite, opens Obstructions, and cures Diseases that are occasion'd by them; as, the Jaundice, Dropsie, and the like. 'Tis good in long, putrid Fevers, it carries off vitious Humours by Urine, it expels Worms from the Bowels, and preserves Clothes from Moths. The Juice, the distill'd Water, the Syrup, the fixed Salt, and the Oyl of it are used; but the Wine or Beer seems to be the best. It strength∣ens the Stomach, creates an Appetite, opens Obstru∣ctions, and provokes U∣rine. The Simple Water is more Languid, and of less Virtue. The fixed Salt, if it be wholly sepa∣rated from the other Parts, by the force of the Fire, differs nothing, in my O∣pinion, neither in Taste nor Virtue, from the Fixed Salt of any other Plant. A Scruple or half a Dram of the Salt, accor∣ding to the Strength and Age of the Sick, taken in a Spoonful of the Juice of Limon, scarce ever fails to cure Vomiting. Green Wormwood bruis'd, and mix'd with Lard, and ap∣plied, cures Tumors of the Kernels of the Throat, and the Quinsie.