The voyages and travells of the ambassadors sent by Frederick, Duke of Holstein, to the Great Duke of Muscovy and the King of Persia begun in the year M.DC.XXXIII. and finish'd in M.DC.XXXIX : containing a compleat history of Muscovy, Tartary, Persia, and other adjacent countries : with several publick transactions reaching near the present times : in VII. books. Whereto are added the Travels of John Albert de Mandelslo (a gentleman belonging to the embassy) from Persia into the East-Indies ... in III. books ... / written originally by Adam Olearius, secretary to the embassy ; faithfully rendered into English, by John Davies.

M.DC.XXXVI.

IVNE.

• The 30. the Ambassadors leave Moscou, in order to their departure for Persia; embark upon the River Mosca, so to go by that of the Wolga, to Astrachan. 109

IVLY.

• The 2. they come to Columna, 24. l. ibid
• Within three quarters of a league of Colum∣na, the Mosca falls into the Occa, ibid
• The 4. they come to the City of Pereslas, 22. l. 110
• Leave Pereslas the 4. and pass in sight of Rhesan. ibid.
• The 7. they come to the little City of Cassi∣nogorod, in Tartary, where they sent to com∣plement a Tartar-Prince, subject to the Duke of Muscovy, 25. l. 3. daies. ibid.
• The 8. they come to Moruma, the greatest City of the Tartars of Mordwa, 22. leagues, 2. daies. 111
• The 10. they leave Moruma, and come the next day to the great City of Nise or Nisenovo∣gorod, at the meeting of the Occa, and the Wolga. ibid.
• They continue 3. weeks before the City, till the ship was finish'd, for their sailing along the Wolga. and the Caspian Sea. ibid
• A description of the City of Nise; the Wey∣wode's magnific••nce. ibid
• From Moscou to Nise, there are 100. leagues by land, and 150. by water. ibid
• The River WOLGA; its breadth; is one of the greatest Rivers in the World, there being from its source to its mouth, above fifteen hundred French leagues; it is very full of Sand∣banks. 112

AVGVST.

• The 4. the Ambassadors settle their Guard, to prevent what danger they might fear from the Cosaques. ibid.
• The 5. they come before the City of Basili∣gorod, which described. 113
• The Tartars called the Ceremisses; their ha∣bitations, their Religion; their belief concern∣ing the immortality of the Soul; their super∣stitions, sacrifices; Polygamy lawful among them; the cloathing of the men and Women. ibid.
• The 6. they come to Kusmademianski, 8. l. 2. daies. 114
• The 8. to Sabackzar, 8. l. 1. day. 115
• The 9. to Kocks-chaga, 5. leagues 1. day. ibid
• The 13. to Suiatzki; and the same day op∣posite to Casan, where they find a Caravan, conducting a Tartar-Prince, and a Factor of the King of Persia's. ibid
• The description of Casan, its situation, build∣ings, Castle; how the Province (of the same name) conquer'd by the Muscovites, which occasions a pleasant diversion; the exemplary fidelity of a Weywode; the Great Duke forc'd out of Muscovy; takes the City of Casan by storm. ibid.
• Melons of extraordinary bigness. 116
• The 15. they leave Casan, come the 17. to the mouth of the River Kama, which falls into the Wolga on the left hand, 12. leagues from Casan. 117
• The Iland of Sokol. ibid
• The 18. they come to the River Serdick, and afterwards to that of Vtka, and see as they pass by the City of Tetus 25. leag. from Casan. 118
• The 19. they pass before the Iland Staritzo, which is three leagues in length. ibid
• The fishing of the Muscovites and Tartars. ibid
• Botenska Iland; the Cape of Polibno; the River Beitma; and several Cities ruin'd by Tamerlane. ibid
• The mountain Arbeuchin. ibid
• The River Adrobe; the Salt-mountain; the River Vssa; the mountain Divisagora. ibid
• Iabla-neu-quas, or the Cider-valley. ibid
• The mountain Sariol-Kurgan, and that of Savobie. 119
• S. Nicholas's red Snakes. ibid
• The 28. betimes in the morning, they come to the City of Samara, 60. l. from Casan, upon the River of the same name, within two wersles of the Wolga. ibid
• The same day, they come to the, mountain of the Cosaques, and opposite to the fall of the River Ascola. 120
• The River Pantzina; the Iland of Zagcrins∣ko. ibid
• The 30. to the River Zagra; the Iland of Sosnon, and the mountain Tichi. ibid
• The 31. to the Iland Osino, and that of Schis∣mamago, to that of Koltof; the mountain of Smiowa, and the 40. Ilands. ibid
• The fabulous metamorphosis of a Dragon

• kill'd by a Heroe. ibid.

SEPTEMBER.

• The 1. they come to the City of Soratof, which lies upon a branch of the Wolga, 70. leagues from Samara. 121
• The 2. pass by the Ilands Kri••sna, and Sa∣punofka, and come to the mountain Achmats-Kigori, 10. l. from Soratof. ibid
• 4. leagues lower, to the Iland Solotoi, and the mountain Solottogori, or the Golden moun∣tain; that of Craye; the mountain of Pillars; the River Ruslana; the mountain Vrakofskarul, 30. l. from Soratof; the mountain Kamuschin∣ka, and River of the same name. ibid.
• At this place, the Don or Tanais, is within 7. leag. of the Wolga.
• Visits from the chief Persons of the Caravan. 122
• The River Bolloclea, 18. l. from Kamu∣schinka: The first branch of the Wolga. 123
• The 6. they come to Zariza, 70. l. from Soratof, on the right side of the River. ibid
• Thence to Astrachan there are only barren lands and heaths.
• The Iland Zerpinske, behind which there falls a River into the Wolga, whereby there might be a communication with the Don. ibid
• The 7. they come to the Iland and mountain Nassonofsko. 124
• Tziberika, a Fish of a rare figure. ibid
• The 8. to the Cape Popowizka jurka, 14. l. from Zariza, and the mountain Kamnagar, 8 l▪ lower; the Iland and River Wesowoi, and that of Wolodinarski-Vtzga, Achtobenisna. Vtsga▪ a second branch of the Wolga; the Iland Ossino; an extraordinary kind of Liquorice. ibid.
• The 9. to the little City Tzornogar, 40. l. from Zariza; its original, ibid
• Carps weiging 30. pound, Sandates, &c. 168
• The 10. leave Tzornogar, come to the mountain Polowon, and the Iland Kissar. 125
• The 3. and 4. branches of the Wolga; the Islands of Coppono and Katarniski. ibid
• The Iland Peruski; the 5. branch of the Wolga; the excellent fruits of Nagaia; Cor∣morants; the 6. and 7. branches of the Wolga. ibid
• The 15. the Ambassadors (having pass'd by the Ilands, Itziburki, and Basan, and the Ri∣ver Biltzick,) come to Astrachan. ibid
• The 7. branch of the Wolga maketh the Iland Dolgoi, in which Astrachan lies.
• From Moscou to Astrachan there are above six hundred German leagues.
• A description of Astrachan where they stay neer a month. 126
• A description of Nagaia; the Iland of Dol∣goi; the Salt-pits. 127
• Astrachan, 12. l. from the Caspian Sea; the fruits of Nagaia. ibid
• Its Inhabitants; Nagaia, when conquer'd by the Muscovites; the greatness of the City, its Structures, Ammunition, Garrisons, Go∣vernours; the Tartars not permitted to come into it; their manner of life, and cloathing, wars with the Kalmukes, and Tartars of Bu∣char. 128
• Their Princes, Religion, food. 129
• The Ambassadors visited by the Persians who came along with the Caravan. ibid
• The Cuptzi's Present; a visit of the Tartar-Prince, and his reception. ibid
• The Cuptzi's visit; the Weywode's Present to the Ambassadors; the Ambass. visit to the Tartar-Prince. 130
• The Cuptzi's Feast. 131
• The Tartars much addicted to Hawking; the treatment of another Persian Merchant; Brugman's imprudence; the visit of another Tartar-Prince. 132
• The Weywode's Present. ibid

OCTOBER.

• The 1. the Secretary sent to the Weywode; Provision made for the continuation of the Voyage. ibid
• The 10. the Amb. leave Astrachan, and em∣bark upon the Wolga; Simples of extraordina∣ry bigness neer Astrachan. 133
• The 12. come to Tomanoigor, or the Snaky mountain. ibid
• Many Ilands at the mouth of the River; the Sepulchre of a Tartar-Saint; the Sacrifices of the Tarters; dog-fishes; several sorts of Birds. ibid
• The 15. come to the mouth of the Wolga, and to the entrance of the Caspian Sea, where it is very troublesom sailing. 134
• A Muscovian Slurr••; the civility of a Per∣sian Pilot; an ominous day. 135

NOVEMBER.

• The 1. they come before the City of Terki in Circassia, having sailed but 60. l. in 16. daies; the situation of Terki, upon the River Timenski; its fortifications, Garrison. ibid
• The Cuptzi's Present to the Ambassadors; a mutiny in the ship; an Eunuch, belonging to the King of Persia, visits the Ambassadors; their Present to the Weywode. 136
• Their message to the Tartar-Prince, his house; his reception of those sent to him; a colla∣tion; the curiosity of the Tartar-Ladies. 137
• The Princess's Present to the Ambass. The Tartars enclin'd to theft. ibid
• The Weywode's Present. ibid
• Nov. 10. the Ambassadors leave Terki; An Iland in the Caspian Sea. 138
• A description of the Iland Tzetlan, by the Persians called Tzenzeni. ibid
• Come in the sight of the mountain Salatto, which is the Caucasus of the Autients, in Men∣grelia, or Colchis; mount Ararat. 139
• ...

• Are forc'd by a tempest upon the Coasts of Persia. ibid
• The Ambass. dis-embark, with part of their retinue. 140
• The Ship run a ground. 141
• A description of the Caspian Sea; its names; It is a particular Sea, having no communication with any other. 142
• Above a hundred Rivers fall into it, yet is it not known what becomes of them. ibid
• The length and breadth of it, contrary to the common opinion of Geographers; its wa∣ter is salt; Q. Curtius's error; the Caspian Sea not known to the Antients. 143
• It neither ebbs nor flows; hath few Havens; its fish and fishing. ibid
• A description of the Province of Shriwan, which is the antient Media. 145
• A description of Persia; its etymology, greatness, frontiers, Provinces; the Province of Erak. ibid
• Fars, Schirwan, Iran, Aderbeitzan. 146
• Kilan, Mesanderan, Labetzan, Rescht, Kes∣ker, 147
• Chorasan, Sablustan, Sitzistan, Kirman, 148
• Chasistan, Tzifire, or Diarbeck. 149
• A particular description of the Province of Shirwan. ibid
• The houses of Persia; the Governour of Derbent'ss Present to the Ambassadors; which is refus'd through Brugman's uncivility. 150
• A Mehemandar, sent to the Ambassadors, to conduct them through the Country. ibid
• The Cuptzi comes to Niasabath. ibid
• The Tartar-Prince of Dagestan visits the Am∣bassadors; Brugman's indiscretion. 151

DECEMBER.

• The 22. the Ambassadors leave Niasabath, by land, and lodge at the Village of Mordou; its Inhabitants, a people called Padars. 152
• Caravansera, what it signifies; the moun∣tain Barmach, described; ruins of the Fortres∣ses antiently called Portae Caspiae; the opinions of the Persians, concerning the said Fortresses. ibid
• The 26. leave Barmach, and come the next day to Pyrmaraas a place famous for the Se∣pulchre of a Persian Saint; A description of it, as also that of another. 153
• An error of I. Caemerarius, Varro and Am∣mianus Marcellinus. ibid
• Shells in mountains far from Sea; false Mi∣racles wrought by the Persian Saint; the su∣perstition of the Persians; 154
• The 30. come to Scamachie. ibid
• The ceremonies of their reception there; the kindred of Aly distinguish'd by their habit, the Chan's retinue. 155
• The Musick of the Persians; the Chan treats the Ambassadors; the services of the Feast; the Napkins. ibid
• The cleanliness of the Persians; the Chan an excellent Marks-man; One of the company, a Persian, kills himself with drinking Aquavi∣tae; the Chan's present to the Ambassadors. 156
• We continued at Scamachie three months.