The English academy, or, A brief introduction to the seven liberal arts grammar, arithmetick, geometrie, musick, astronomie, rhetorick & logic : to which is added the necessary arts and mysteries of navigation, dyaling, surveying, mensuration, gauging & fortification, practically laid down in all their material points and particulars, highly approved to be known by the ingenious, and as such are desirous to profit, or render themselves accomplished : chiefly intended for the instruction of young scholars, who are acquainted with no other than their native language, but may also be very useful to other persons that have made some progress in the studies of the said arts / by John Newton.

CHAP. IV. Of the Adjuncts belonging to Musical Notes.

THere belong to Notes, thus described by their Number, Names, Tunes, and Time, these seven things. A Tye, a Repeat, a Pause, a Direct, a Close, and single and double Bars, and several Moods.

2. A Tye is a Semi-circle, whose two ends point to the two Notes conjoyned, as when two Minums, or one Minum and a Crotchet are tyed together; as also, when two or more Notes are to be Sung to one Syllable, or two Notes or more to be plaid with one drawing of the Bow on the Viol or Violin.

3. The middle and principal Note is the Se∣mibreve: And when any Note & his half note in the same place are conjoyned for one Syl∣lable, the mark of the half Note, and of the Ligature too, is a point set by the Note, as {semibreve note}· {minim note}· and it is as much, as if with the Note his half Note were exprest, and conjoyned by Ligature, and prolongeth the sound of that Note it follows, to half as much more; thus a Semi-breve, which is of it self but two Minums, having a prick after it, is made three Minums, in one continued sound, and so in other Notes.

4. A Repeat is either of the same Notes and Ditty together, or of Ditty with other Notes, and is marked thus, {vocal join} and is used to signifie, that such a part of a Song or Lesson must be Play'd or Sung over again from that Note over which it is placed.

5. A Pause is a mark of rest or silence in a Song for the time of some Note, whereof it hath its name. A line discending from a superiour Rule, and not touching the Rule below, is a Semibreve Rest: the like line ri∣sing from an inferiour Rule, and not tou∣ching the Rule above, is a Minum Rest: the same with a crook to the Right hand, is a Crotchet Rest, and to the left hand, a Qua∣ver Rest: Also a line reaching from Rule to Rule, is a Breve Rest, or a Pause of two Semibreves; a line from a Rule to a third Rule, is a Long pause, or of four Semibreves, and two of them together make a Large pause, or a Rest of Eight Semibreves.

6. A Direct in the end of a line, sheweth where the Note stands in the beginning of the next line, and is marked thus, 〈♫〉〈♫〉

7. A Close is either Perfect or Imperfect; A Perfect Close is the end of Song, no∣ted thus, {fermata} or thus, {fermata below} or with two Bars thwart all the Rules, or both ways. An Imperfect Close, is the end of a Strain, or a∣ny place in a Song, where all the Parts do

meet and Close before the end, and it is marked with a single Bar. 〈♫〉〈♫〉

8. The usual Moods are two, the Imper∣fect of the more, when all goes by two, ex∣cept the Minims, which goes by three, as two Longs to a Large, two Breves to a Long, two Semibreves to a Breve, three Minums to the Semibreve, with a prick of perfection; this Mood is thus signed, {timeimperf-prolatperf}₃ and is usually called the Triple Time.

The other usual Mood is the Imperfect of the less; when all goes by two, as two Longs to a Large, two Breves to a Long, two Semi∣breves to a Breve, &c. this is called the Com∣mon Time, because most used, and is marked thus, {timeimperf-prolatperf-str}.

Thus much, concerning singing; I leave setting to the larger Treatises of this subject.

FINIS.