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LOgick, is an Art which conducteth the Mind in the knowledge of Things.
2. The Parts of Logick are two, Thematical and Organical.
3. The Thematical part is that, which Treateth of Themes, with their various af∣fections, and second Notions, as of the mat∣ter of which Logical Instruments are com∣posed.
4. The Organical part, is that which trea∣teth of these Instruments, and their Com∣position.
5. A Theme, is any thing propounded to
the understanding, that it may be known.
6. A Theme, is either simple or compound.
7. A Simple Theme, is one Voice, signifi∣ing one thing as, a Man, a Horse.
8. A Compound Theme, is a Theme made of several simple themes rightly Joyned to∣gether; signifying many or several things; such are all Orations.
9. A Simple Theme or Voice, is,
10. An Abstract Voice, or simple theme, is Singular or Universal.
11. A singular theme, is that which in its own nature can be spoken of no more than one, and is called an Individual.
12. Individuals are of two sorts.
13. An Vniversal simple Theme, otherwise called a Predicable, is that which may be spoken of many; as, a Body; and this is either of the first or second Intention.
14. A simple Theme of the first intention, is that which expresseth the thing it self; as, Gold, Stone, &c. so called, because they are the names by which the things themselves are first made known.
15. A simple Theme of the second Intention, is that which doth not express the things it self, but certain affections agreeing to the thing, and such are all Words of Art; as, a Noun, a Metaphor, &c.
16. An Vniversal simple Theme, may be spoken of many, two ways.
1. In Quid? or by declaring what a thing is; and thus it is spoken of such as do dif∣fer in the species, and is called Genus; as, a li∣ving Creature, colour, &c. or else of such as do differ in number only, and is called spe∣cies; as, a Man.
2. In Quale, or by declaring what a kind of thing it is, of which it is spoken; & that Essentially or Accidentally, Essentially, and then it is called Difference, the which is,
1. Divisive, by which a Genus is divided in∣to its several species, as by rational and irra∣tional a Living Creature is divided into a Man or a Beast.
2. Constitution, which doth Essentially constitute some species, and this is,
1. Generical, which doth constitute some remote species, but not the next, for the next is the Genus, thus sensibility in respect of Man, is a generical difference, constituting first a living Creature, and then a man. And this is always spoken of many differing in species, or number.
2. Specifical, which doth constitute the nearest species; as, rationalibility doth constitute man.
2. Accidentally, and that either of neces∣sity,
and then it is called a proper Accident, which is convertable with its Species, per∣petually inherent in every of them, and in no other, as the visible faculty in a Man.
Or not of necessity, and then it is called a common or simple Accident, not converti∣ble with its Species; as white.
17. All simple Themes, may be reduced to ten ranks or orders, called Predicaments, of which some are more principal, some less.
18. The more principal Predicaments are the first six, the less principal, are the other four.
19. The Predicamental Ranks or Orders, are of two sorts, the one of Substance, and the other of Accidents.
20. Of Substance, there is only one, and it is called by that name Substance, which is a thing subsisting of it self, and it is ei∣ther first or second.
21. The first substance, is a Singular sub∣stance, or a substance that cannot be predi∣cated of its subject; as, Alexander.
22. The second Substance is an Universal substance, or a substance which may be pre∣dicated of its subject; as, a Man, a Horse. The first substance is chiefly and properly a substance, and among the second substan∣ces, every one is by so much more a substance, by how much it is nearer to the first.
23. The Predicamental Ranks or Orders of Accidents, are of two sorts.
1. Absolute, as the Predicaments of quan∣tity,
Quality, Action, and Passion.
2. Relative, as the Predicament of Relation.
24. Quantity, is an absolute accident, by which a thing is said to be great in bulk or number.
25. Quality, is an absolute Accident, by which it is simply and determinately decla∣red what kind of thing, that subject is, of which it is the Quality.
26. Action, is an Accident, by which a subject is said to be doing.
27. Passion, is an Accident, by which the subject is called Patient; or it is the recep∣tion of Action.
28. Relation, is a respective accident, by which one thing is predicated of another, or may by some way be referred unto another.
29. The less principal Predicaments are these four, When, Where, Scituation, and Habit.
30. The Predicament When, is an acci∣dent, by which finite things are said to be in time, past, present, or to come.
31. The Predicament Where, is an acci∣dent, by which things finite, are said to be in some place.
32. The Predicament of Scituation, is a certain Ordination, or placing of parts in Generation.
33. The Predicament of Habit, is an ac∣cident, by which some garment or something like a Garment, is put about, hanged upon, or some way or other joyned to a Body.