The English academy, or, A brief introduction to the seven liberal arts grammar, arithmetick, geometrie, musick, astronomie, rhetorick & logic : to which is added the necessary arts and mysteries of navigation, dyaling, surveying, mensuration, gauging & fortification, practically laid down in all their material points and particulars, highly approved to be known by the ingenious, and as such are desirous to profit, or render themselves accomplished : chiefly intended for the instruction of young scholars, who are acquainted with no other than their native language, but may also be very useful to other persons that have made some progress in the studies of the said arts / by John Newton.

For Example.

If you were to prove that some Valiant Person had been a Souldier in some Warr; it is necessary that you should declare what the particular Actions were in which he shewed his Valour.

But now in that Narration, which is made a distinct part of the Oration, the thing done must be briefly and simply decla∣red without any exaggregation: And in such a Narration as makes way for Confir∣mation, the things done may be illustrated with great neatness of Language, with Sen∣tences and Figures, and some Discourses may be made concerning the worthiness of the action, with some amplification from Si∣militudes and Comparisons.

The fourth part of an Oration, is Confir∣mation: and Confirmation is as it were the ve∣ry Heart and Soul by which an Oration may be chiefly said to Live: Or it is the chief part of an Oration in which the Argu∣ments are produced, by which we would prove our Proposition, and refute or answer the contrary opinion of our Adversary, if need require. What is necessary in this be∣half, may be collected from what hath been already said. Seeing that Confirmation doth consist of the Arguments that are invented and the right disposition of them, both which have been fully enough declared be∣fore.

Confutation, is a part or kind of Confirma∣tion, in which we Answer all Objections; it doth either precede or follow Confirma∣tion, or may be here or there used in all the parts of the Oration.

And these objections may be either all Answered together, or those first which are first made, and then the latter; or those first which are most material, and the rest may fall of themselves; or the weakest first, that they being avoided, the strongest Arguments may be somewhat weak'ned. And the man∣ner of doing this, is by shewing, that the Adversaries Allegation is either false, impos∣sible, uncertain, or impertinent, and the like.

Peroration, or Conclusion, is the last part of an Oration, in which the Orator should very much endeavour to set an edge in the minds of his Auditors, and incline them to be of his side; and here he should therefore use such Figures, as are most proper to move the Affections: It doth chiefly consist of two parts, Enumeration, and Amplificati∣on.

Enumeration is required, that the chief Arguments more largely opened in the for∣mer discourse may be clearly repeated in a new form of words.

Amplification, desires that this repetition may be made, by some serious expressions, a∣dorned with Sentences and Figures.