The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.

Anno 1546.

Martin Luther was found dead in his Bed at Eisleber, where he was Born, on the 18th of February. He died of Excess of eating and drinking at the Age of 63. His Body * 1.1 was buried at Wittemberg, where he most resided.

D. Alonso Davalos, Marquis del Gasto Governour of Milan, deceased at Vigevano, and Ferdinand Gonçaga succeeded him.

The Diet was held at Ratisbon, where there was a Disputation between the Catho∣licks and Hereticks. Malvenda a Spaniard, and Chocleus signalized themselves among * 1.2 the Catholicks; for the Hereticks, Bucer and Brentius. The Emperor repaired thither in May, but all this sorted to no better effect than it had done at other times, but the differences were rather greater, for the Hereticks departed when the dispute was but be∣gun. Most of the Princes tho summoned, appeared not: the most remarkable of them were Frederick Duke of Saxony, and Philip the Landtgrave, The Emperor thought fit to have recourse to Arms, and ordered Maximilian Count de Bure to make Levies of Flan∣ders. In Germany Albertus, and John, Marquises of Brandenburg, did the same for the Em∣peror tho they were both Hereticks. The Spanish Forces marched out of Italy, and at the same time the Emperor directed his Letters to the Cities of Germany, admonishing them not to suffer themselves to be led away, for that many abusing his Patience had forc∣ed him to have recourse to Arms. Having dispatched these Letters the Emperor set out from Ratisbon for Bavaria. He encamped near Landshut, whether was come a good body of Men sent to him by the Pope, under the Command of his Grandson, Octavius, and Cardinal Alexander Farnesius. Sone after came thither 6000 Spaniards. D. Ferdinand of Toledo, Duke of Alva, was appointed General of those Forces. The Enemy with a strong Army came to Ingolstat. The principal Commanders were the Duke of Saxony, and the Landtgrave, whom many other Princes and Cities either openly or underhand supported. They encamped on a rising Ground, whence they played their Artillery upon the Empe∣ror's Army which lay below them, but the fright was greater than the harm. The Landtgrave was for assaulting the Emperor's Camp, which was not well intrenched, but the others opposed him, which proved the safety of our Army then much inferior to the Enemy, for that our Supplies were not come from Flanders. As soon as they came, the Emperor marched towards Nerling, the Enemy still following in the Rear. At the same time Maurice, Duke of Saxony, being furnished with Forces by King Ferdinand, possessed himself of the Lands of his Cousin Frederick, some whereof were engaged, and others so intermixed that it was convenient to secure them, lest his own Subjects might suffer by their ill Neighbours. To put a stop to their Proceedings, and because they wanted Pro∣visions, the Hereticks returned towards Saxony. The Landtgrave went away to his own Dominions and thence to Francford. The War continued hot, and several Princes and

Cities being sensible of their Error: Particularly Frederick Count Palatin, despairing of the Success of the Rebels, was reconciled to the Emperor. The Duke of Wittemberg and the Cities of Ʋlm, Francford, and Ausburg followed his Example, but were forced to buy their Pardon for great Sums of Money, and give Security for their future Loyalty.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Martin Luther's death.
• * 1.2

  Disputes betwixt Catho∣licks and Hereticks.