The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.

The History of SPAIN.

BOOK XXIX.

CHAP. I. The Settlement made by the Nobility of Castile after the death of King Philip; The Ca∣tholick King goes over to Naples, his Reception in that City; No Settlement in the Government of Castile. Amidst their Confusions Duke Valentine makes his E∣scape.

NO sooner was King Philip dead, but several Malignant Humours began to appear; there being no Body left to put a stop to Evils that Threatned the Commonwealth. * 1.1 The Queen to whom this principally appertained, was Incapacitated by reason of her In∣disposition. Her Son Prince Charles was a Child and Bred abroad, and if he Succeeded in the Place of his Mother, he must be governed by Strangers. Of his Two Grandfa∣thers, the Emperor was far off, and unacquainted with the Affairs of Spain. Only King Ferdinand remained, on whose Prudence they might Rely; but he was then absent, disgust∣ed, and some feared he would if he were in Power, Revenge the Affronts offered him. For this Reason many projected strange Methods of Government; and the day before King Philip died, there being no hopes of Life, there was such Contention among the Nobility as threatned a War. To prevent all Disasters, the Constable, the Admiral, and Duke del Infantado Met, and Declared for his Catholick Majesty, and joining with the Duke of Na∣jara and Marguess de Villena, the Heads of the contrary Faction at the Archbishop of To∣ledo's Lodging, they agreed that all Debates arising, should be absolutely decided by the Arch-Bishop, and 6 others chosen out of both Parties, and that their Determination should be binding. Thus on the First of October Articles of Agreement were Concluded upon among the Nobles, and they all Swore to stand by them, and they to continue in Force all the Month of December. Among other things it was Decreed, that none should presume to levy Forces. That none should Infest or Invade the Lands, Castles and Towns of another. That none * 1.2 should Seize upon the Person of the Queen who was of Burgos, or of Prince Ferdinand who was at Simancas. Peter Nunez de Guzman his Governor, to prevent any surprize, had Recourse to the President and Council of Valladolid, and they went to Simancas, and brought away the Prince, Placeing him in Safety in the College of S. Gregory, Built by D. Alonso de Burgos Bi∣shop of Palencia, and given to the Dominicans. The same day the Nobility Concluded their Agreement at Burgos, the Catholick King arrived at Genoa. His Voyage was tedious, con∣trary Winds forcing him to touch at Palamos, and Toulon; and then to Coast along by Sa∣vona and Genoa. Before he came to that City, he was met by the Great Captain with the Gallies of Naples. The King received him with great Affection, being then convinced of his Fidelity; notwithstanding all Aspersions cast upon him, and spoke very much in his Com∣mendation, both before him and in his Absence. Most Men, but particularly the Italians could hardly be perswaded that so Wise a Man as the Great Captain would put himself in∣to * 1.3 the Power of so jealous a King. The City sent the King many Presents, tho' he would not Land, only advised them to preserve Peace among themselves, for he would be always ready to Assist his Brother the King of France. This made them quiet for the present, tho' soon after they obliged the King of France to come into Italy to pacifie them. Putting to Sea again from Genoa, contrary Winds forced him into Portoso, there on the 5th of October he received the News of the death of King Philip. The Archbishop of Toledo and others of his Party desired him to return with all speeed to Castile, as did also D. Alvaro Osirio who was with him, with the Character of Ambassador from King Philip. Yet he resolved to prosecute his Voyage. He writ to the Prelates and Nobility, expressing his Grief for the death of King Philip, and Recommending to them to continue Loyal to the Queen, pro∣mising to be with them as soon as he had settled the Affairs of Naples.

From Portosi he went on to Gaeta, where at Puzol he spent some days to give the Neapoli∣tans time to prepare for his Reception, for they had never believed he would come, especially * 1.4 after the death of King Philip. From Puzol he went to Castel del Ovo, there on the First of November 20 Galleys came out of the Port, and the King went aboard the Admiral. The Cannon of the Galleys was fired first, and then that of the Castles and the Ships in the Har∣bour. This done, the Galleys laid along the side of the Mole. The King and Queen lan∣ded

by a wooden Bridge built for that purpose. The Great Captain and all the Nobility came out to meet them. Being come to the last Arch of the Bridge, the Great Captain lead∣ing the Queen, there the King swore to preserve the Privileges of that City. After which, they took Horse under a Canopy carried by the Elects of the People. Fabricius Colona carried the Royal Standard, given him by the King himself, with the Honour of Standard-bearer: Next him went the Kings at Arms, then the Great Captain, and on his Right-hand Prosper Colona: After them, the other Nobility and Ambassadors. But the pleasantest Sight of all was, the Prisoners then set at Liberty. Next behind the Canopy were the Two Cardinals of Borgia and Sorento. In this manner they were conducted through the Principal Streets, and Lanes of Gentlemen and Ladies richly clad, and great Companies of Vocal and Instrumental Musick. Being come to the Great Church, they were received by the Clergy and Religious Orders in Procession. At Castelnovo, where the Cavalcade ended, they were received by the Two Queens of Naples and the Queen of Hungary. Nextday the King rode about the City, accompanied by the Barons, and to Honour the Great Captain alighted at his House. He entred upon Business, and went about to restore Ten Barons who had Forfeited their Estates. A Parliament was held, where they took the Oath of Fidelity to the King, to his Daughter Queen Joanna, and their Heirs, without mentioning Queen Germana, contrary to the Agree∣ment made with France. The Pretence was, that she was indisposed, and had already been Sworn Queen of Naples at Valladolid. Mean while Castile was full of private Dissention, yet nothing broke out in publick. The Queen neither would nor could attend the Government; only such as would, obeyed the Orders of the Council. Some would have the Cortes assem∣bled to appoint Governours. This was chiefly urged by the Archbishop of Toledo, the Con∣stable, and the Admiral. They could never persuade the Queen to sign the Writs, and therefore the Council issued them. The Duke of Alva, tho' not at Court then, opposed it, * 1.5 saying only the King could assemble the Cortes. For this reason, tho' some of the Commons met, nothing was done. All was in confusion, the Nobility at variance; but yet the most agreed that King Ferdinand ought to Govern The chief of these were the Archbishop of Toledo, the Constable, the Admiral, and the Dukes of Albuquerque and Bejar. Some of these would not allow him to Govern, unless he were present; others said he might, tho' absent. Of these was the Archbishop, who sollicited the King and Queen to give him as ample Com∣mission as when he Treated with King Philip. The Duke of Najara, D. Alonso Tellez, Bro∣ther to the Marquess of Villena, and D. John Manuel, were of Opinion that no account ought to be made of the Queen, no more than if she were dead, by reason of her Weakness; and therefore her Son Charles ought to succeed. But neither could they agree in this Point, for the Duke would have him brought to Spain. that such as the Kingdom made choice of might Govern in his Name. D. Alonso said, the Protectorship belonged to the Emperor as Grand∣father by the Father's side. This Opinion prevailed above the Duke's and the Emperour was desirous to take upon him the Government, proposing to come himself into Spain. Some there were that would commit the Government to the King of Portugal, and marry Prince Ferdi∣nand to his Daughter Elizabeth, proclaiming him King, being utterly averse to Strangers. Others were for marrying the Daughter of King Philip to the Prince of Viana, and so putting the Kingdom under the King and Queen of Navarre. These were all Chimera's, framed according to every Man's Interest. They said the Archbishop aimed at a Cardinal's Cap, and desired a Bishoprick for his Companion F. Francis Ruyz. The Duke del Infantado coveted the Bishoprick of Palençia for one of his Sons. The Duke of Albuquerque would have the Castle of Segovia restored to the Marquess of Moya. The Duke of Najara was displeased to see the Constable so great with the Catholick King, and the Marquess de Villena was envious of the Duke of Alva's Favour. The Earl of Benavente would have the Fair granted to his own Town of Villalon by King Philip, confirmed, tho' it was to the Prejudice of Medina del Campo. Others had other private Pretensions, without any regard to the Publick Good. To prevent Dis∣orders, the Archbishop of Toledo and the Deputies for deciding of Controversies, agreed that the Nobility should Swear, That before the Meeting of the Cortes, they would not call in any Prince, nor make any sort of Contract with any; and the Catholick King from Naples writ to many of the Nobility, promising to content them in their Pretensions. The Dissention among the Nobility gave occasion to many Disorders: One was, the escape of Duke Valen∣tine from Mota de Medina. He fled to the Lands of the Earl of Benavente, and thence, with the assistance of the said Earl, to Navarre. D. John de Guzman, Duke of Medina Sidonia, sent his Son Henry with Forces to besiege Gibraltar, a Place given him by King Henry, and taken away by King Ferdinand. The Governour in it defended himself; and Relief being sent by the Earl of Tendilla and the Councils of some Cities, the Siege was raised. The Archbishop of Sevill promised he would prevail with the Queen and the King her Father to stand Trial at Law with the Duke. Afterwards the Duke and Archbishop met at Toçina with the Earl of Urena and Cabra, and the Marquess of Priego, and there engaged together to stand by the Queen and Kingdom, to obey all Orders from the Queen and Council; but as for the Cortes, they protested, if their Resolutions were not for the Honour of God and the Advantage of the Queen and her Kingdom, they thought not themselves obliged to obey them. D. Rode∣rick de Mendoça, Marquess of Cenete, was upon marrying the Lady Fonseca; but some Dispute

arising about it, that Lady was by the Queen's Order secured; yet the Marquess took her by force out of the Monastery of Huelgas at Valladolid. At Toledo the Earl of Fuensalida would not allow Peter de Castilla as Governour; but the Family of the Sylva's, and some Soldiers sent by Ferdinand de Vega, standing by him, the Earl was forced to desist. At Madrid the Family of the Zapata's, and D. Peter Lasso de Castilla, took up Arms for the Catholick King, and John Arias to oppose them. At Segovia the Marquess of Moya secured the Great Church and Gates of the City, hoping to recover the Castle. Thus all the Kingdom was in a Flame, and no body to quench it.

CHAP. II. Queen Joanna departs from Burgos; Is wholly incapable of having any Part in the Govern∣ment. The Affairs of Naples. Queen Joanna brought to bed of a Daughter at Torque∣mada. Great Disorders in Castile.

THE Queen, by reason of her Indisposition, was rather a Hindrance than a Help to Business. * 1.6 On All-Saints-day having heard Mass in the Monastery of Miraflores, after Dinner she caused the Coffin of the late King her Husband to be opened, as was believed fearing it had been carried away to Flanders by the Flemings, who pressed to be paid their Arrears, in order to return home. This being proposed to the Queen, she gave no answer, but that she would take care to pray to God for her Husband. It was several times proposed to remove her from Burgos, but she could be persuaded to nothing that did not hit with her own Humour. Her Com∣pany she most delighted in was the Lady Joanna d' Aragon, the Marchioness of Denia, the Countess of Salinas, and the Lady Mary de Ulloa. Being very big with Child, she resolved to remove to Torquemada, and carry the Body of her Husband, in order to send it to Granada. The day before she set out, she commanded John Lopez de Lazarra her Secretary, to write an Order, by which all Grants made by her Husband were vacated. This being a thing of dan∣gerous Consequence, the Secretary delayed it, and thereupon she called Four of the Council to issue that Order. She appointed such as had been of the Council in the time of her Mo∣ther to continue, and the rest to be removed. Some of the Commons asking whether she would be pleased to send Two of them to intreat King Ferdinand to come and assist her in the Government: She answered, she would be glad of the King's coming, but said nothing as to the Government. Yet she bid them be gone, and not meddle in any thing that related to the Cortes without her Order, which was as good as dissolving that Assembly. The Queen set out by night with the Body of her late King, and came about midnight to Cavia, and thence went to Torquemada, where she stayed. At Burgos. remained the Council of State, the Archbishop of Toledo, the Admiral, and Duke of Najara. Differences arose about pro∣tracting the Term prefix'd to the Agreement made betwixt the Nobility. The Constable op∣posed, and the Admiral was for prolonging of it, and having the Council Obey till the Ca∣tholick King came. To obstruct whose coming, some proposed the Queen should marry; but the Queen would hear nothing of it.

Many Ambassadors from the Princes of Italy resorted to King Ferdinand at Naples. It was contrived, with the Assistance of the King of France, to obstruct the Emperour's taking the * 1.7 Government of Flanders into his hands, that so neither he nor his Grandson Prince Charles might come into Spain. The King of France endeavoured to join in League with King Fer∣dinand and the Pope against the Venetians, to recover such Places of his as they possessed. The Catholick King was willing, that so he might regain what they had in the Kingdom of Naples. Yet he thought better to be at Peace with that Republick, that he might be at lei∣sure to attend the more important Affairs of Castile. Some time before died his Ambassador to that State Laurence Suarez, and his Son Gonzalo Ruyz de Figueroa succeeded him. The Pope, tho' assisted by the King of France against John de Bentivoglia, who had seized the City Bo∣lognia, yet thought good to make use of the Catholick King, who sent to acquaint Bentivoglia, That he could not but assist the Pope in recovering the Patrimony of the Church. Hereupon Bentivoglia offered to admit the Pope upon certain Conditions, which was accordingly done. King Ferdinand sent Antony d' Acun̄a to Congratulate with the Pope, and endeavour to join in a strict League with him, to the end to obtain the Investiture of Naples for himself and his Heirs, notwithstanding the Agreement made with France. For Kings regard nothing but their own Interest. At the end of the Year he sent F. Giles de Viterbo, Vicar-General of the Order of S. Augustin, to offer his Forces to the Pope for recovery of the Lands of the Church, and to make War upon the Turks. At this time the restoring of the Barons of the Faction of Anjou to their Estates was in hand, a thing very difficult, their Lands being given to those that had Served the King. He was forced to requite those that were in possession, to buy out whole Estates, and alienate part of the Crown-Lands to satisfie them all. The Chief Men restored were the Princes of Salerno, Bisignano, and Melfi, the Dukes of Tangeto and Arri, the Earls of Conça, Morcon, and Monteleon; and besides these, Alonso de Sanseverino. The Dukedom of Sessa was bought outright, and given to the Great Captain, a Reward due to his

great Services. Many Italians and Spaniards had the Lands before given them taken away, which the latter easily condescended to, being desirous to return to their Country, and content with any Recompence there. Yet even some of these had no manner of Satisfaction made them in Spain. Special regard was had to content the Ursini and Coloneses, the Two Prin∣cipal Families in Rome. Care was also taken to gain the People of Siena, and the Lord of Piombino, Two important Places for the Affairs of Italy. The Bishop of Louvain and Luke de Reynaldis came to Naples from the Emperour, about settling the Government of Castile. They having Complimented the King upon his Arrival in that Kingdom, proposed, that the Gover∣nours then in being might be continued; and also that the Barons of the French Faction might not be restored, because it was entertaining of so many Enemies. Likewise, that the King should promote the Match before agreed upon, betwixt Prince Charles and Claudia Daughter to the King of France. In order to it, they said it was convenient the King and Empe∣rour * 1.8 should meet. The Emperour designed to go into Italy, under colour of being Crowned; but his Design was to oppose the King of France, who it was reported would go to Rome, to be Crowned Emperour, and create the Cardinal d' Amboise Pope, of which the Emperour grievously complained in the Diet assembled at Constance. The King immediately answered the Ambassadors, That the Government of Castile belonged only to his Daughter; and in case she could not or would not manage it, then it only appertained to him as her Father, and the same if she should die; and that as yet there were no Governours chosen in Castile. As for the Barons, that he had promised, and could not avoid restoring their Estates. That in what related to the Marriage, the King of France had acquainted him how displeasing it was to his People to have Britany and Milan alienated from the Crown; and therefore desired the Princess might be married to the Duke of Angouslesme, who was Heir to the Crown. And as to the Interview, he said he should be glad of it when Affairs would permit. In a Second Audience, the Ambassadors offered, that the Emperour would give the King the Title of Emperour of Italy, resign over all his Right to it, and assist him in the subduing of it. To this he answered, it was not not convenient the Emperour should lessen his own Au∣thority; and for himself, he coveted no more of Italy than was his own. Then they propo∣sed a League betwixt the Emperour, Kings of France and Spain, and the Pope, against the Ve∣netians. To which he said, if the rest were agreed, he would not oppose it. Then the King sent D. Jayme de Conchillos, Bishop of Girachi, his Ambassador to the Emperour, on pretence of prevailing with the Flemmings to admit of the Emperour as their Governour, for Prince Charles his Grandson. But at the same time the King's Designs, were quite different, as has been said.

Queen Joanna was at Torquemada at the beginning of the Year 1507. There on the 14th * 1.9 of January she was delivered of a Daughter called Catherine, afterwards Queen of Portugal. * 1.10 She was in great danger for want of a Midwife, which want was supplied by the Lady Mary de Ulloa, her Favourite and Lady of the Bedchamber. The Council laboured to compose the Differences betwixt the Nobility; but their Orders were of small force. The Mutiny at Cordova about the Inquisitors encreased. The chief Reason was, That the Prisoners to make their Business the more intricate, had brought in many of the Nobility as accessary to their Crimes. This the People attributed to the Malice of the Inquisitors. At Toledo the Silva's and Ayala's took up Arms; the latter in defence of a Judge sent by the Council with Power to controul the Governour and his Officers. The Silva's stood by the Governour, and had se∣cured * 1.11 the Gates and Bridges; but the People favouring the Ayala's, the Governour was tur∣ned out, and several People were killed and wounded in the Scuffle. Madrid was in a Mu∣tiny betwixt the Two Parties of D. Peter Lasso de Castilla, and John Arias, the former being for King Ferdinand. Philip Vasquez d' Acun̄a, Governour of Cuenca, kept the Council of that City under, so that they could not obey the Queen's Orders. James Hurtado de Mendoça turned him out of the City, and ordered that the Council ould chuse Two Alcaides, who should Govern the City in the Queen's Name. At Segovia the Marquess of Moya had besieged the Castle, turned out all the Citizens that opposed him, and burnt the Church of S. Romanus, where some of them made themselves strong. The Queen only served to hinder Business. To prevent these Mischiefs spreading in Andaluzia, the Marquess de Priego, the Earl of Cabra, the Earl of Tendilla Captain-General of Granada, and the Lieutenant of Murcia, associated themselves in favour of the Queen, to preserve that Country in Peace till the coming of the Catholick King. The Earl of Uren̄a coming to Court, interposed his Authority for reconci∣ling the Nobility, tho' at the same time he made his Complaint, and had his Pretensions, which tended to be restored to the Government of Carmona taken from him, and to obtain a Commendary for his Son Roderick. The Admiral raised Men to recover Villena and Villa∣vicencio, wrongfully taken from him, as he said, by the Duke of Alva. The Duke of Najara had a Guard of armed Men, and at Villamedina took up the House appointed for the Council, who thereupon removed to Palencia. D. John Manuel came to Tarquemada with 60 Horse. The Marquess de Villena and Constable levied Forces. The Archbishop of Toledo gathered 400 Men, and ordered the Ordinary Guards to be paid out of his own Revenue, and would have had them Sworn to the Queen and himself. Hereupon the Duke of Najara raised more Men, and they were near coming to Blows with those of the Archbishop. To prevent these Disor∣ders, it was desired that no armed Men but those of the Queen and Archbishop should re∣main

in the Town, upon which the Duke went away in a Passion. D. John Manuel the Ad∣miral, the Marquess of Villena, Earl of Benavente, and Andrew de Burgo the Emperour's Am∣bassador, met at Grijota, in order to hinder the coming of King Ferdinand, unless he first sa∣tisfied them in all their Demands. They met again at Duen̄as, and gave out that the Arch∣bishop and Constable kept the Queen Prisoner. Lastly, they went to Villalōn to levy Forces to relieve the Castle of Segovia; besieged by the Marquess of Moya. The King of Portugal held Intelligence with the Marquess de Villena, to obstruct the coming of the Catholick King, and promote the Emperor's bringing Prince Charles, and taking upon him the Government. At this time came from Rome D. Antony Acun̄a, being made Bishop of Zamora. He had Or∣ders to make large Promises to the Marquess de Villena, as did D. Alvaro Osorio to the Duke of Najara and D. John Emanuel, if they would take Party with the Catholick King; but all was to no effect. The Constable complained that D. Antony Acun̄a his Enemy was preferred; and the Council, because he was not presented by the Queen, sent Orders to the Chapter not to admit him; or if admitted, not to continue him. These Orders came after he was in possession, and the Alcaide Ronquillo was sent to put them in execution, but the Bishop ap∣prehended and kept him Prisoner. The Governour of Salamanca and Duke of Alva gathered a Force to revenge that Affront done to the Queen; but all in vain, for D. Antony kept his Bishoprick. All the Kingdom was full of Tumults, Oppression, Complaints, and Pretensions. The best strove to sell their Loyalty at as dear a rate as they could. The Catholick King, tho' he designed not to take Revenge of those that opposed him, thought it hard to buy what he looked upon his as Right. At this time the Council Prorogued the Cortes for 4 Months whereupon the Commons, who still continued at Burgos, returned home.

CHAP. III. The Death of Duke Valentine, and Troubles in Navarre. The Treaty betwixt the Em∣peror and King Ferdinand. The Great Captain courted to Command the Venetian and Pope's Forces. King Ferdinand settles the Affairs of Naples, and departs from that City.

WHilst Castile was thus in confusion, new Troubles broke out in Navarre. King John taking the advantage of the Catholick King's absence, who always was a Check up∣on him, resolved to be revenged upon his Constable the Earl of Lerin, who had offered him many Affronts, and still been protected by Castile. As soon as Duke Valentine, the King's Brother-in-Law, came into Navarre, he made him his General, resolving to seize all the Earl of Lerin's Estate, as of an Enemy to the Crown. He gathered 200 Light-Horse, 150 Men at Arms, and about 500 Foot. With this Force he sate down before Viana on the 10th of March. In this Place was Luis de Biamonte the Constable's Son. The Night following being very stormy, the Constable with 200 Horse put Supplies into the Place, leaving 600 Foot without in ambush. Being discovered in his return, he was charged by Duke Valentine with about 70 Horse, the King coming after with the other Forces. The Duke having killed and taken 15 Men, pursued to the place where the Ambush lay; there he was wounded, and dismounted by a Horseman, and those that lay in ambush rushing out, killed and stripped him to his * 1.12 Shirt, without knowing who he was. He being slain, all the Forces returned to their Camp. The Constable went away to Lerin. Thus died he that had been the Firebrand of all Italy. It was observed he died in the Diocess of Pamplona, which was the First Bishoprick he had, and on the same Day he had first taken possession of it, He left only one Daughter in the keeping of her Unkle the King of Navarre, who pressed the Siege, being reinforced with some Troops from the Constable of Castile. The Duke of Najara and Archbishop of Zara∣goça prepared to relieve the Place; yet it was surrendered, and the King with 600 Horse and 8000 Foot laid siege to Raga. The Council of Castile sent to require the King of Navarre to forbear using Force for 3 Months. The King offered to condescend, if the Earl would come and beg his Pardon, deliver up the Town of Lerin, send his Sons to Court, and then * 1.13 himself depart the Kingdom. Still whilst they treated, the King went on, took Raga and all other Places from the Earl; only Lerin held out some time, but was at last forced to submit. Upon this the Earl went away to Castile, and thence to Aragon, having not a Foot of Land left him in Navarre, Now the Catholick King's Party, what with Promises, and what with present Gifts, was grown considerable. Many died of the Plague at Torquemada, the Infection spreading this Year through all Spain. The Queen went to Hornillos, a Village a League from that Town, resolving to expect the coming of her Father thereabouts. She had restored to the Council such as were of it in her Mother's time, and discharged the rest. It was endea∣voured to persuade her to recall that Order, but she could not be prevailed upon. At Segovia the Marquess of Moya continued the Siege of the Castle; and tho' well defended for 6 Months, it being undermined, the Besieged surrendered on the 15th of May.

The Emperor's Ambassadors at Naples pressed for an Interview betwixt their Master and King Ferdinand, and proposed Nice or Rome for the Places to meet at, saying, They could dispatch more Business in one Day being together, than in several Months at a distance. King Ferdinand gave many Excuses to avoid meeting; whereupon the Ambassadors required him not to return to Castile till all Differences were adjusted; for otherwise the Emperor would also be obliged to go thither, and then all the Mischiefs that should follow, must be imputed to him * 1.14 that was the Cause of them. This looked more like a Challenge, than an overture of accom∣modation. Yet the Ambassadours were appointed to treat with the great Captain, the Lord Chamberlain and Secretary. King Ferdinand pleaded that being the Queen's Father he had Right to be her Tutor, besides that it was her own desire, and he had been appointed by the Will of Queen Elizabeth. For the Emperor it was urged, that the Queen being non Compos, the Prince was to succeed, and then his Grandfather by the Fathers side ought to be Tutor, be∣sides that the Catholick King was married contrary to his Promise made to Queen Elizabeth, and that the Nobility were against him. As a medium between both it was proposed on the Emperors part that the Government should be committed to 24 Persons, 16 to be chosen by the Emperor and 8 by the Catholick King that of all Preferments the King should have the Gift of one 3d part, and the other two should be in the disposal of the Governours, that the Revenue should be divided into four parts, 3 for the Queen and the 4th for the King. That to secure Prince Charles in the Succession, all Places of Strength should be put into the Emperor's hands. That some Children of the Nobility should be sent to Flanders to he bred with Prince Charles, and Security given that none should suffer for having taken part with King Philip. That the Investiture of Naples should be obtained in such manner as might not be prejudicial to Prince Charles. The Catholick King not approving of these Conditions prepared to depart, notwith∣standing the Emperor required him not to stir till all differences were agreed. Nevertheless King Ferdinand being resolved to return to Spain, sent Bernard Dezpuch Master of Montesa, Antony Augustino, and Hierome Vic his Ambassadors to do Homage to the Pope, which was done on the 30th of April, and at the same time an offer made of all the King's Forces for the Ser∣vice of the Church. The Pope was well pleased; and in Token of his Affection sent the gol∣den Rose that is blessed on Christmas Night to the King. He also offered the Great Captain to make him General of the Forces of the Church, which Employment the Venetians also offe∣red him in their Service, but the King prevented him from accepting either by promising again to make him Master of the Order of Santiago. That it might not be thought an empty Pro∣mise, the King had given Orders to his Ambassador Antony Augustino to obtain leave of the Pope to resign that Dignity into the hands of the Archbishops of Toledo and Sevil and the Bi∣shop of Palencia, that with the Pope's Commission they might confer it upon the Great Captain. The Pope was willing the Great Captain should have that Dignity, but would not agree to the Commission as a lessening of his own Authority. Hereupon the business was delayed, which made it all to be looked upon as an Artifice of the King's to draw the great Captain out of Ita∣ly. He was then Duke of Sessa and Terranova and Constable of Naples. King Ferdinand being desirous to alter the late Capitulation with France touching the Inheritance of the Kingdom of Naples in case Queen Germana had no Issue, promised to assist the Cardinal d' Amboise towards obtaining the Papacy if he would prevail with the King of France to quit his pretensions to that Crown. It was indeed but reasonable since the King of France obstructed the Marriage of Prince Charles with his Daughter Claudia and thereby cut him off the Inheritance of Britany and Milan, that he should make him amends by quitting all Claim to Naples. The King of France would not hearken to this, being offended the Nobility at Naples had taken the Oath of Fi∣delity to Queen Joanna without making mention of Queen Germana, contrary to the express Articles sworn to by the Catholick King.

It was very requisite the Catholick King should hasten his Return to Spain, but the Af∣fairs of Naples detained him. He pressed the Pope to grant him the Investiture of Naples, * 1.15 which the Pope at last was willing to grant upon condition he would recover for him the Cities of Faença and Arimino taken by the Venetians. This being a thing could not be present∣ly done the King resolved to depart. To oblige the great Captain the more, he caused a publick Instrument to be made in vindication of his Loyalty, Copies whereof were sent to all Princes John de Lanuça, Viceroy of Sicily, was come to Naples, him he resolved to leave with the same character in that Kingdom. But both he and his Son dying before the King embarqued, he gave that Command to his Nephew D. John de Aragon Earl of Riba∣gorça, and sent D. Raymund de Cardona to Sicily with the Title of Lievtenant General. The Viceroy was commanded not to disoblige the Coloneses and Ursini, and Bartholomew de Albi∣ano, having submitted himself to the King, was restored to his Estate. Besides the ordina∣ry Forces, 200 Gentlemen were appointed to do Duty at Court, and 150 Duccats pay al∣lowed each of them. Philip Ferreras was sent Ambassadour to Venice to assure that State, which was jealous of the Kings designs. All things being thus ordered the King set fail on the 4th of June with 16 Galleys. Eight days before the Ships set out under the Command of the Earl Peter Navarro. At this time the Kingdom of Portugal was in a most flourish∣ing condition, and famous throughout the World, for the valour and prudence of its King. On the 5th of June the Queen was deliver'd at Lisbon of a Son called Ferdinand, who died in the flower of his Age. Some Noblemen of Castile and particularly the Marquess de

Villena would have committed the Government of Castile to the King of Portugal, to exclude King Ferdinand. He thought not good to hazard any thing upon the promises of so few, tho at the same time he was willing to have had a hand in the Government of Castile that he might marry his Children to those of Queen Joanna, and make use of the Forces of that Crown for advancing his Conquests in India and Africk, or at least have conveyed that Power to the Emperour. The King of Navarre also offered the Emperour passage through his King∣dom, being jealous if the Catholick King grew so powerful he would never desist till he had deprived him of his Crown. The Nobility of the Emperor's Faction pressed him to come over: and it is certain he had possitively resolved to take a journey into Spain.

CHAP. IV. The King of France enters Italy with an Army to reduce Genoa, has an Interview with King Ferdinand, who returns to Castile. The Spaniards defeated in Africk The Empe∣ror offended at King Ferdinand.

The King of France was now in Italy, whither he came with a great Army to reduce the Ge∣noeses, who had mutiny'd against the Nobility, beaten down the French Arms, and cho∣sen for their Duke one Paul de Nobe a Silk-Dyer. It was agreed that as the Catholick King re∣turned to Spain he should meet the King of France at Savona. Bad Weather detained the Gal∣leys some time at Gaeta and upon the Coast of Rome and Tuscany. On the 26th of June the Catholick King came to Genoa, where Gaston de Foix, Lord of Narbonne, his Nephew and Brother∣in-law, went out to meet him with 4 Galleys. The King of France being before at Savona met the Catholick King upon the shoar, and having embrac'd him, they went together under a Canopy to the Castle where they were to be entertained, King Ferdinand on the right hand the King of France on the left and the Queen in the middle. The more to honour them, the King of France went to lodge in the Bishop's House. On S. Peter's Day they heard Mass to∣gether, * 1.16 the Nobility of both Kingdoms vying in costly Apparel. That night the Queen sup∣ped with the King of France her Unkle, and the two Cardinals of S. Praxedes and d' Amboise with King Ferdinand. Next night the two Kings and Queens supped together and with them the great Captain at the Request of the King of France who spoke very honourably of him. King Ferdinand commended the Lord of Aubigny, who thence conceived hopes of recove∣ring the Earldom of Venafra, which he was possess'd of when the War broke out. It was the Subject of many reflections, that the Catholick King put himself into the Power of his Com∣petitor. The chief business discoursed of at this Interview was about the League against the Venetians, before designed. The Kings having taken leave of one another, King Ferdinand prosecuted his voyage which was tedious, by reason of contrary winds. He arrived at Coda∣ques upon the Coast of Catalonia on the 11th of July, but because the Plague was in that Countrey, sailed away to Valencia, where he arrived the 20th of the same Month, Peter Navarro with the Ships being there before. The King and Queen were received with great Pomp, the Queen under a Canopy it being the first time she had been there. Upon the arrival of the King Castile easily submitted, and particularly the Marquess of Villena complyed, upon promise that the King would stand Tryal at Law with him. Satisfaction in Mony and Lands was promised the Duke of Medina Sidonia for Gibraltar. The Archbishop of Toledo was pleased that besides other Favours the King had obtained him a Cardinals Cap and the Office of Inqui∣sitor. General of Castile and Leon, the Archbishop of Sevil resigning that place. F. John de Enguerra the King's Confessor was Inquisitor General for Aragon. Thus the Nobility were gained and all Castile pacified. What gave scandal was, that the King prevailed with the Pope to grant the Archbishoprick of Santiago to D. Alonso de Fonseca, a Youth of no Learn∣ing, and what is worse, his own Father resigning of that See to him upon the Title given him of Patriarch of Alexandria. True it is, they had both done good Service which might in some measure excuse this odious Succession of a Bastard to his Father's Bishoprick, but yet it was no way justifiable. It remained now to reduce the Duke of Najara D. John Manuel, and the Earl of Lemos who in Galicia had taken the Town of Ponferrada, belonging to the Crown, and most of the Marquisate of Villafranca to which he pretended a Right. The Duke of Alva and Earl of Benavente were sent against him with 2000 Horse and 3000 Foot. The Duke of Bragança would have assisted the Earl, but the King of Portugal would not permit: yet he prevailed with the Archbishop that the Earl should not be put out by force of Arms, but by regular course of Law. At last the Earl submitted, restored Ponferrada and the Marquisate of Villafrrnca. D. John Manuel being resolved to go for Flanders whether all the Flemmings were already gone, gave up the Castle of Burgos to the Duke of Najara, and that of Jaen to the Earl of Cabra. About this time the Catholick King received the News that the Alcaide de los Donzeles Gover∣nour * 1.17 of Mazalquivir having made an Incursion towards Tremezen with 100 Horse and 3000 Foot, being upon his Return with a great Booty near Oran, was overthrown by the King of Tremeçen. The Governour fought his way through with 70 Horse and got to Mazalquivir, on∣ly 400 more escaped by flight and as many were taken. Upon this News the King sent some Galleys from Valencia to the Relief of Mazalquivir. At Naples James Garcia de Paredes, James

de Aguayo, and Melgarijo turned Pyrats. James Garcia went to the Levant and did great harm there. The other two lay at Ischia and robbed all that came in their way. Michalot de Pratz a brave Commander, sent by the Viceroy to suppress them near Belveder, in the Prince of Bisig∣nano's Country, took their Vessels, and they fled to the Shore. Scarce had Michalot done this, when the Caravel he went in was lost and he drowned in a sudden Storm. About this time Alonso de Albuquerque, sent the last Year with Tristan d' Acun̄na to India to succeed Francis de Almey∣da as Governour, before he came to him, subdued the Island of Ormuz, one of the most impor∣tant Places in those Parts, lying at the Mouth of the Persian Gulph; and tho barren, extremely hot, destitute of Water, and not above 4 Leagues in Length, yet for all this, vastly rich and de∣lightful, by reason of its great Trade in the East. On the Coast of Africk, upon the Ocean, the Portugueses took Safin a large and populous City, once subject to the Kings of Morocco, but at that time to particular Lords of its own.

Queen Germana was left at Valencia, as the King's Deputy, but she soon went away to Cas∣tile. * 1.18 Count Peter Navarro set out with most of the Forces that came in the Fleet towards Alma∣cen, and the King set forwards on the 11th of August. The Archbishop of Zoragoça, and Dukes of Medina Celi, and Albuquerque went out to meet him. On the 21th of August he came to Montagudo, the first Town in the Kingdom of Castile. Thence he went to Almaçan and Aranda. All the way he was met by Prelates and Noblemen. Till this time Queen Jo∣anna stayed at Hornillos, the Roof of the Church where her Husband's Body lay was burnt, and the Body removed to the House where she lay: Hearing of her Father's coming she went to Tortolei a Village near Aranda. On the 28th of August the King came to Tortoles and the Queen falling at his Feet, he knelt down to take her up. After embracing they withdrew, and having conferred together the Queen went away to her Lodgings. Next day the King went to visit her, and after that began to dispose of all things. There they continued 7 days, and then went to Santa Maria del Campo. The King would have given the Archbishop the Cardinals Cap there, but the Queen said it was not fit she should be where there was any Rejoycings, and therefore it was given him at the Church of Mahamud. He was honoured with the Title of Cardinal of Spain, but the private Name was of S. Balbina. Andrew de Burgo, the Emperour's Ambassador, ceased not after the coming of the Catholick King, to perswade many to declare a∣gainst his Government. The King sent him away, and with him John Albion, to desire the Empe∣rour to send an Ambassador that would promote the Peace and Welfare of those Kingdoms. He undertook to reconcile the Admiral, Constable, and Duke of Alva, and secure them to his own Interest. He gave Orders for appeasing the Tumults in Andaluzia, and for securing the Sea-Ports of Biscay and Galicia, ordering the Earl of Lemos and D. Ferdinand de Andrada to come out of Galicia, where they had great Power. The same was done at Cadiz, Gibraltar and Malaga, and for more security the Moriscos, that is, those descended of Moors, were ordered to retire 2 Leagues from the Sea Coast, that all those Shores might be peopled by the antient Chri∣stian Race, but this could not be compassed. D. John Manuel had possession of the Castles of Burgos, Jaen, Plasencia, and Miravete, which the King commanded his Lieutenants to deliver. He of Burgos delayed, whereupon the King sent Peter Navarro with Forces to besiege it, and then the Lieutenant submitted, as did all the others. D. John Manuel by the way of Navarre went into France designing for Germany. There only remained the Duke of Najara, who forti∣fied that Town and levied Forces, hoping the Emperour would soon come, and therefore acted in the Name of Prince Charles, as his Viceroy. To put a stop to these troubles, the King set out towards Burgos, and from Arcos sent Ferdinand Duke of Strada to require that Duke to deliver up his Forts. The Duke excused himself. The King leaving the Queen at Arcos, because she would not go to Burgos, where she lost her Husband, went on himself in order to force the Duke. Count Peter Navarro was sent with his Forces, the Guards and Artillery, to seize all the Duke's Estate and his Person. Several of the Nobility interposed, and the Duke submitted to deliver up many Places of Strength. Hereupon, the King pardoned the Duke, and not long after by degrees, restored all those Forts to Duke Antony Manrique, Earl of Triveno, Son to the Duke. To oblige the Duke of Albuquerque the King proposed to marry the Lady Joanna de Aragon Daughter to the Archbishop of Zoragoça to the Dukes eldest Son, but this Match did not succeed, and she was afterwards married to D. John de Borgia Duke of Gandia:

The Emperor was much offended at the Kings of France and Spain. He complained of the Catholick King, for that he had seized upon the Government of Castile without agreeing with * 1.19 him. It was reported he would send 3000 Germans to Naples, to favour the Pretensions of the Duke of Calabria; and it was also suspected that the Great Captain forwarded this Design, in hopes to marry his eldest Daughter to the Duke, and would accept of the Command of General of the Forces of the Church, with a Pension of 6000 Ducats. But those were mere Jealousies, and soon after the Emperor declared, he would break through the Dutchy of Milan and with all his Forces invade the State of Venice. The Catholick King took care to secure the Duke of Ca∣labria, who was at his Court. The Emperor was offended at the King of France, for that he sup∣ported the Duke of Guelders, and had made War in Burgundy at the time that King Ferdinand went into Italy. He did not approve of the Conference betwixt the two Kings, and took it ill that the Match betwixt Prince Charles and the Princess Claudia was broke off. At this time that Lady was contracted to the Duke of Angoulesme Heir to the Crown of France, and there∣fore the Emperor pleaded the Investiture of the Dutchy of Milan, according to the Agreement

made with King Philip, was void. The Catholick King valued not the Match, thinking by this means to secure Prince Charles the Inheritance of the Kingdom of Naples. The King of France not regarding the Emperor's Complaints, he thought of marrying Prince Charles to Mary Daughter to the King of England. This Match was so far advanced, that the Princess's Portion was assigned to be 250000 Crowns, and the Time and Place of Marriage appointed. It was concluded the Consent of King Ferdinand and Queen Joanna should be asked, but the Marriage to be consummated tho they opposed it. This Match pleased the King of England, yet he was willing to oblige King Ferdinand, in hopes himself to marry Queen Joanna: The Catholick King gave him good words to secure the Marriage of his Daughter the Princess Catherine with the Prince of Wales. But the King of England at the same time delayed, in hopes to promote the Match for himself, which was a strange Complication of Politicks. Death broke off all the King of England's designs. Many said King Ferdinand intended to marry Queen Joanna to his Brother-in-law Gaston de Foix, to put him in possession of the Kingdom of Navarre to which he pretended a Right, and by that means take revenge of the King and Queen of Na∣varre who had often offended him; and lastly, in siezing the Estate of of the Earl of Lerin, who was married to his Sister, and refusing to restore and stand Tryal with him. D. John Manuel was come to the Emperor's Court, but not so well looked upon as before, which he perceiving thought of returning to Spain. In order to it he proposed to King Ferdinand either to re∣store him to his Estate and treat him according to his quality, or else to give him leave with his Wife and Children to go to Portugal, otherwise he must like a desperate Man do all that he could against him. Nothing was granted him, and he tho out of favour, by his sharp Wit sowed Discord betwixt those two Princes. It was also believed Cardinal Bernardin de Carvajal the Pope's Legate at the Emperor's Court did King Ferdinand no good Offices there; wherefore the King requested of the Pope that he might be removed and called back to Rome, which at last he obtained.

CHAP. V. The Designs of bringing Prince Charles into Spain. King Ferdinand in Andaluzia to settle that Country. Penon in Africk taken by the Spaniards, the Portugueses loosers at Aza∣mor in that part of the World, yet relieve Arzila.

THe Emperor now declared his warlike Preparations were not designed against Naples, but against the French in Milan, and tho the Pope and King Ferdinand interposed for a Peace * 1.20 or Truce, he would not give ear to it unless upon very advantageous Conditions. He left the Princess Margaret his Daughter to Govern Flanders, in Jan. 1508 marched towards Italy, and in February came to Trent. There he took the Name of Emperor Elect, being till then called King of the Romans. His General was the Marquess of Brandenburgh, his Forces so small, that no great matter could be expected of them. The first Hostilities were committed in the Valley of Cadoro, subject to the Venetians, and the Emperor understanding that 5000 Swiss were going into the French Service, returned into Switzerland to prevent it, and thence to Luxem∣burgh because French Forces marched that way. Upon his departure most of the Germans at Cadora disbanded, and 2000 that remained were defeated by the Venetians. The Catholick King, tho setled in the Government of Castile, thought himself not secure, knowing there were many that persisted in their aversness to him. Among the rest the Bioshps of Badajoz and Cata∣nia signalized themselves, having no hopes of Preferment unless the Government were changed. The Pope at the King's Suits, commissioned the Archbishop of Toledo and Bishop of Burgos to prosecute them, He of Badajoz, endeavouring to make his escape into Flanders, was apprehen∣ded near Santander, and after being Prisoner some time at Atiença, was remitted to the Archbi∣shop of Toledo according to the Pope's Order. D. Jayme de Conchillos Bishop of Girachi, the King's Ambassador at the Emperor's Court, pressed to have Prince Charles sent to Spain, to have him bred after the manner of the Country, and to secure his Succession; but the Emperor would never consent to it, unless he were allowed to share in the Government, and also in the Revenue; by which means he thought to supply his great wants. He endeavoured to draw into his Service 1500 of the Catholick King's Soldiers that served in France, but the Catholick King sent Alonsode Olmedes to keep them where they were. They obeyed tho' the Marquess of Brandenburgh declared them Rebels, as if they had been the Emperor's Subjects. The Empe∣ror highly resented that the Catholick King would not admit of Andrew de Burgo, whom he sent with the Character of his Ambassador. At this time King Emanuel of Portugal extended the Glory of his Name, still sending new Fleets to India, and obtaining fresh Victories. The Kings of Calicut and Cambaya were professed Enemies of the Portugueses, and therefore made War upon the King of Cochin and other Princes, who received them into their Ports, and traded with them.

The Nobility of Andaluzia were offended, for that the Catholick King made not so great account of them, as of those of Castile. The chief of the Malecontents were the Marquess * 1.21 of Priego, D. Peter Fernandez de Cordova and the Earl of Cabra. In a Tumult at Cordova the Officers of Justice Apprehended one of the Mutineers, whom the Bishop's Servants rescued.

King Ferdinand set Fernan Gomez de Herrera an Alcalde de Corte, with some Men to punish that Insolency. He having begun to do his Duty, the Marquess of Priego sent him Orders to de∣sist and depart the City till the Kings Pleasute were farther known. He on the contrary Commanded the Marquess and his Brother in the Kings Name to be gone out of Cordova. The Marquess gathering a Force apprehended the Alcalde, but released him again upon promise; that he would not return to Cordova. This Affront the King highly resented, and set out himself to revenge it. At Arcos he took Prince Ferdinand from the Queen against her will, upon pretence of his Health. He summoned Forces to join him in order to pu∣nish that Insolence, and in pursuance thereof, the Deputy of Sevil, D. In̄igo de Velasco Or∣dered all betwixt 60 and 20 years of Age to be ready to march against the Marquess. The Great Captain writ to the Marquess his Cousin, advising him to submit; and he intended so to do. The Nobility, and particularly the Great Captain, laboured to appease the King, who was resolved not to give way to Intreaties. The Marquess came to submit himself when the King was at Toledo, and was Ordered to Wait 5 Leagues from Court, and deliver up all his strong Holds. He obeyed. With the King went to Cordova 1000 Horse and 3000 Foot. The Marquess being taken, and charged with High Treason, would make no de∣fence; but cast himself upon the Kings Mercy. Judgment was given, some Gentlemen were condemned to death, some of the Commonalty executed. The Houses of D. Alonso de Carza∣ma * 1.22 and Bernardin de Bocanegra who were in Prison, were Razed. The Marquess was ba∣nished for ever out of Cordova, and out of Andaluzia during the King's pleasure; who was also to secure all his strong Holds, except his House at Montilla, which was to be de∣molished. The Great Captain, and Constable were extreamly disgusted at this Severity, insomuch that it was thought the latter would have departed the Kingdom. From Cordova the King sent D. Henry de Toledo and the Licenciat Ferdinand Tello to do Homage to the Pope, for the Queen his Daughter. At Naples died the Queen of Hungary, so very Poor, the Viceroy was forced to pay the charge of her Obsequies. She was buried in the Church of S. Peter, Martyr, where the Body of her Mother lies. King Ferdinand went to Sevil, where he was received with great Pomp and Joy. With him went the Queen his Wife, and Prince Ferdinand. Henry Duke of Medina Sidonia was left young by his Father, under the Guardianship of D. Peter Giron, to whose Sister he was contracted. The Duke was haughty, and turbulent, and had designed to assist the Marquess of Priego. To appease the King, it was offered he should deliver up his chiefest Fortresses, and the Constable would be bound for his good behaviour. Nevertheless, neither the Duke nor D. Peter Giron came to submit themselves to the King, who thereupon put D. Peter from his Guardianship, banishing him from Sevil, and all the Lands of Medina Sidonia, and the Duke was commanded to deliver up all his Places of strength. They both fled to Portugal, and the King Orderèd their Lieu∣tenants to deliver the Forts. Those of Niebla and Figueras would not submit, and there∣fore Niebla was taken by force and plundered. This Severity made all Places comply. This Estate was put into the Hands of the Archbishop of Sevil, and the Council Ordered to prosecute D. Peter Giron. The Nobility, but chiefly the Constable resented this rigorous Proceeding, yet the King was resolved to humble their Pride, and the Archbishop of Toledo advised him so to do.

The Catholick King spent all Autumn in settling Andaluzia, and thence promoted the War in Africk, assisting the Portugueses who were much distressed. The King of Fez being at variance with his Two Brothers, it was thought a good Opportunity to gain some ad∣vantage in Africk, and to this purpose a Fleet was fitted out at Malaga. The Pyrates of * 1.23 Velez de la Gomera did much harm at this time along the Coast of Granada. Count Peter Navarro our Admiral gave them Chase, took some Vessels, and pursued the others to an Island opposite to Velez, and the common refuge of those Corsairs. There were 200 Moors in the Fort of that Island, which they call Pen̄on; these thinking the Earl would Attack Velez, abandoned the Island, to defend the Town; but he immediately possessed himself of the Ca∣stle, which Commands the Harbour and City, and thence did them so much harm, that the Moors were forced to live under Ground. This Place was taken on the 23th of July, and Ordered to be Fortified and well Garrisoned. The Portugueses made War on the Coast of Africk along the Ocean. A Moor called Zelum, Cousin to the King of Fez, offered to put them in a way to take Azamor, a famous City on that Coast. King Emanuel giving Credit to him, fitted a Fleet which carried 400 Horse and above 2000 Foot, under the Command of D. John de Meneses. This Fleet sailed from Lisbon on the 26th of July, and found all things otherwise than they expected, for the Citizens defended themselves well, and Zelum aided them. This brought the Portugueses into great Danger, and they were forced to de∣part * 1.24 without doing any thing. The Weather being bad, and the Tides low, some Vessels, and among them one Gally struck, the rest came to the streights Mouth. This loss seemed to be a special Providence; for the King of Fez with a mighty Power sate down before Arzila on the 19th of October. D. Vasco Coutin̄o Earl of Borva was Governor, who the first day repulsed the Moors with much Bravery; but the next day a Breach being made in the Wall, they entred the City by Force. The Earl was wounded in the Arm with a Dart, and obliged to retire into the Castle, which was not well provided for a Siege. The Ca∣stle was battered and undermined. This News being carried to Tangier, where D. John de

Meneses lay, and to Sevil where the Catholick King was, D. John set out immediately with his Fleet. He fought Two days with the Enemy, who were already Masters of one of the Bulwarks, drove them thence, and relieved the besieged, reduced to extreamity. The King sent Orders to Peter Navarro who lay at Gibraltar to Succour Arzila. Ramiro de Guzman Go∣vernor of Xerez, with a Ship wherein were 300 Foot and some Horse, sailed first, and got into the Castle with John de Meneses. With this Relief the besieged not only defended them∣selves; but sallying, drove the Enemy from their Ditch and Out-works. On the 30th of October came Count Peter Navarro, who plaid his Cannon so furiously among the Moors that Encamped along the Shore, that they were forced to break up; and the King of Fez ha∣ving burnt the Town, retired to Alcaçarquivir. The saving of this Place contributed much to preserving of the others on the Coast of Africk. King Emanuel joyful for this good News, sent 6000 Cruzados as a Present to Peter Navarro, for his good Service, and the same Sum to the Governor of Xerez. They both excused themselves from receiving this Present, saying, they served the Catholick King, and expected their Reward from his Bounty. He returned thanks to the Catholick King for so seasonable a Relief, yet at the same time com∣plained of his taking Pen̄on as appertaining to the Conquests of Portugal, being in the King∣dom of Fez. The Catholick King pleaded that Veles was a distinct Kingdom of it self, and that Pen̄on was a Charge and no Profit, only to secure the Coast of Granada, yet offered, if it appeared to belong to the Crown of Fez, to deliver it up whensoever King Emanuel should attempt any thing on that Side. In November died the Earl of Lerin at Aranda de Xarque in A∣ragon, his Son D. Luis de Biamonte succeeded him.

CHAP. VI. Discovery of Conspiracies in Spain; The League of Cambray; The Soldans Fleet worst∣ed in India; Death of Henry VII. of England; Henry VIII. succeeds him.

THE Catholick King returned from Sevil to Castile in the dead of Winter for Two rea∣sons. * 1.25 One was, that D. Peter Brother to D. James de Guevara, who was in Germany in the Emperor's Service, coming to Spain disguized in the Habit of a Footman, was taken, and being put to the Rack, declared, that many of the Nobility held Intelligence with the Emperor; the chiefest of them, were the Great Captain, the Duke of Najara, and Earl of Urena. The other was, that the Duke del Infantado and other great Men conspired against him, and the Cardinal of Spain had a Hand in those Proceedings. The Earl of Tendilla by his Wisdom drew the Duke del Infantado and others of that Family from their purposes, by his good Advice. King Ferdinand reduced the others, some by fair Promises, and some by Threats. In particular, he agreed with the Marquess of Villena, and in lieu of that City and Almansa, besides the full value of them, gave him Tolox and Monda in the Kingdom of Gra∣nada, wherewith he seemed content. The Emperor to be at leasure to Revenge himself of the Catholick King, was for composing all Differences with France, and in order to it, the Princess Margaret on his Part, and the Cardinal d' Amboise for the Pope and King of France met at Cambray. Thither repaired Jaime de Albion the Catholick King's Ambassador in * 1.26 France, and tho' the Emperor designed to exclude King Ferdinand, the Business was so ma∣naged by the Pope, that those Three Princes joined in League with him against the Venetians for Recovery of what that State had taken from each of them. He that first recovered his own, was obliged to assist the others, and the Emperor and King of France to go in Person to this Expedition. The first day of April following, they were to commence the War. The Emeperor offered by that time to give the King of France the investiture of Milan, pro∣vided he paid him 100000 Crowns for the same, and should be obliged to assist him to Re∣cover what the Venetians had taken from him, and yet the Emperor not to be obliged to Aid, him for recovery of what appertained to Milan. That Judges should be appointed to decide all Differences betwixt the Emperor and the Catholick King, lest they should be any hindrance to their Proceedings against the Venetians. It was agreed the Duke of Savoy should be invited to come into the League, on account of the Kingdom of Cyprus, which he pretended to, and the Venetians were possessed of. Also the Duke of Ferrara, and Marquess of Mantua, who had their Pretensions. What is more, the Kings of Spain and France, to whom the People of Florence and Pisa had referred all their Differences, delivered up Pisa to the Florentines, in hopes to draw them into the League, and for the Sum of 100000 Ducats. A shameful thing for such Princes to sell the Liberty of a Republick that had put it self into their Hands; but chiefly King Ferdinand was to blame, Pisa being immediately under his Protection. This League was concluded on the 10th of December. Thence the Princess Margaret went to Franche Comte to take Possession of some Towns the King of France had ingaged to deliver to the Duke of Burgundy. This same Month died at Naples Robert de Sanseverino, Prince of Salerno. He left a young Son called Ferdinand, who was Heir of his Estate, and Hatred to the Crown of Aragon, which produced his Ruin. King Ferdinand swore to the performance of the Articles aforesaid, at Valladolid, in the beginning of the fol∣lowing Year before the Pope's Nuncio and the Emperor, and King of France's Ambassadors

Canspon Soldon of Caire, moved by the Importunity of the Kings of Calicut and Cambaya, * 1.27 but much more by the decrease of his Revenue, occasioned by the Loss of the Trade of Alexandria, resolved to ruin the Trade of the Portugueses in India. To this purpose, he first sent the Guardian of Hierusalem to the Pope as has been said: Finding this did not succeed, he fitted out a Fleet at Suez in the Red Sea, consisting of 6 Gallies, 1 Galleon and 4 Car∣racs, and in them 800 Mamalukes, which, were his best Men, being most Renegado Christi∣ans. The Command of this Fleet he gave to Mir Hozem, who sailing out of the Red Sea, directed his Course for India. Francis de Almeyda the Portuguese Governor there, had sent his Son Laurence with 8 Sail to secure the Coasts, and Convoy the Ships bound for Portugal some part of the Way. He burnt many Ships of the Moors, and was in the Port of Caul when News was brought to him of the Soldan's Fleet. Melique, Governor of Diu for the King of Cambaya had joined the Turks with 34 Sail. These small Vessels sailing under the Shore, the Portugueses descryed only 5 Ships, which they thought to belong to Alonso de Albuquerque, whom they expected. Part of the Enemies Fleet entred the Harbour, and that day was spent in Cannonading one another. Next day Laurence de Almeyda Attacks Mir Hozem's Admiral Gally, but could not grapple by reason it was Ebb, and the Enemy lay in shoal Water. He sustained much loss, because the Enemies Vessel was higher Decked, and was himself wounded with Two Darts. Pelayo de Sousa and James Perez took each of them one of the Enemies Gallies, and thus that day ended. The day following Melique came into the Port with his Vessels, whereupon the Portugueses at midnight resolved to put out to Sea. But the Enemy perceiving them move, fell upon them, and so pierced the Admiral which was the last, that she made much Water, and what was worse ran a Ground; and the Water Ebbing, none of the others could come in to assist her. The Enemy Cannonaded her till such time as Laurence de Almeyda being killed with a Cannon-shot, and 80 of 100 Men he had, the other 20 with the Ship were taken: The rest put to Sea and recovered the Port of Cananor; whence they sent advice of what had hapned to the Governor. This Battle was fought towards the end of the Year. Almeyda and Albuquerque came both to Cananor, and Albuquerque contending to take upon him the Government according to the King's Order, Almeyda sent him Prisoner to Cochin. This done, he gathered the greatest Fleet he could, at Onor burnt several Ships of Calicut, destroyed the City Dabul and many Vessels there, and on the 5th of January 1509, sailed towards Diu, a Port of Cambaya where the Enemy lay. Mir Hozem placed himself in shoal-water under the Cannon of the City. He had at this time 3 Caracs, 3 Galleons, 6 Gallies, and 4 Ships of Cambaya, besides Meli∣que's small Vessels. Almeyda had in all 19 Sail, and in them 1300 Portugueses, and 400 Malabars. The Two Fleets Cannonaded one another, but could not draw near because the Weather was calm. Next day they engaged, and after a very bloody Dispute, the Por∣tugueses obtained the Victory. Of the Enemy 4000 were slain, of which number were all the 800 Mamalucs, except only 22. Three of their great Ships were sunk, besides ma∣ny small Vessels; Two Galleons, Two Gallies and Four great Ships were taken. The Commanders Mir Hozem and Melique escaped. On our side 32 were killed and 300 wound∣ed. This done, Almeyda returned to Cochin, where there was much contention about the Government, which was ended by Ferdinand Coutinho, who this Year sailed from Lisbon with 15 Ships, and Orders to put Alonso de Albequerque in Possession of the Government, as was accordingly done. From Valladolid the Catholick King went to Arcos, where he found the Queen his Daughter so ill Lodged, that the last Winter she fell sick through the coldness of the Room she lay in. In February he removed her to Tordesillas, and with her the Body of her Husband, which was afterwards by her Son the Emperor Charles the V, buried in the Royal Chapel at Granada. The Queen lived out the rest of her days in that Town.

Queen Joanna's Condition was such, she might better be counted among the Dead than the Living. Her two Sisters ran different Fortunes. The Queen of Portugal lived happy, aboun∣ding in Riches, and having a numerous Issue, and this very Year she was delivered of a Son called Alonso, who was afterwards a Gardinal, but died young. The Princess of Wales in England, neither Widow nor Wife, was hardly used by her Father-in-Law, who hoped that way to induce her Father to give him in Marriage his other Daughter Joanna Queen of Ca∣stile. The King's death, which hapned upon the 21st of April, for the present put an end * 1.28 to those Discontents: Soon after, the Match before agreed upon betwixt this Lady and the Prince of Wales, after his Father's Death King Henry VIII. was consummated. That Princess had no Inclination to this Match, but it was for the Conveniency of both Kings. King Henry was of a graceful Presence, but very Lewd, especially towards his latter days, insomuch that to gratifie his Lust, he cast off all Obedience to the Church, and made way for all the Confusion that afterwards hapned in that Kingdom. Whilst Queen Catherine was yet li∣ving, tho' he had by her a Daughter called Mary, upon pretence she had been married to his Brother, and that the Pope could not dispence to marry her, he put her away, and pub∣lickly married Anne of Bullen, whom afterwards he convicted of Adultery, and executed. By her he had Elizabeth, afterwards Queen. Next he married Jane Seymour, who died in Childbed; but her Son lived, and was called Edward VI. His Fourth Wife was Anne of

Cleves, from whom he was Divorced, and to that purpose made a Law which allowed of Divorces. His Fifth Wife was Anne Howard, who was put to death for Adultery. The last was the Lady Catherine Parr, from whom he was not divorced, nor had any Children by her, death putting an end to his wicked Courses. King Ferdinand made publick rejoycing at Valladolid, upon the News of the Marriage of his Daughter on Midsummer-day. He also agreed, that Prince Charles should marry that King's Sister, and ordered Gutierre Gomez his Ambassador to Compliment her upon the same. At Valladolid Queen Germana was delivered of a Son on the 3d of May; he was called John Prince of Aragon, but died within a few Hours. His Body was deposited in the Monastery of S. Paul in that City, and thence tran∣slated to Poblete, the ancient Burial-place of the Kings of Aragon. The Catholick King pre∣pared to make War upon the Venetians, and grounded the Justice of his Proceedings, princi∣pally upon Two Points: The first, That those Cities the Venetians were possessed of in Apu∣lia, were mortagaged to them by Ferdinand II. King of Naples, and that they neither perfor∣med the Conditions of the Mortgage, nor would restore those Places when the Money was tendred to them. The second was, That the Catholick King had been at a greater Expence either in gaining Cephalonia for that Republick, or in the War made upon France on their ac∣count, and upon promise that they would allow him 50000 Ducats a Year towards the Charge of that War, which Debt, tho' it had been demanded of them, they would never pay, nor so much as acknowledge.

CHAP. VII. The Cardinal of Spain takes Oran in Africk. The War against the Venetians and their Losses; They recover Padua and other Places.

GReat Preparations were made throughout all Spain for the Conquest of Africk, and the Cardinal of Spain did not only furnish Money towards it, but designed to go over in * 1.29 Person. The Rendezvous of the Forces was at Carthagena; Stores of Ammunition and Provi∣sions were made there and at Malaga. About 14000 Men were gathered, as well Horse as Foot. The Principal Commanders were James de Vera, who had charge of the Artillery; D. Alonso de Granada Vanegas, Lord of Campo Tejar, who Commanded the Forces of Andaluzia; and Colonel Hierome Vianelo, accounted an able Seaman. Count Peter Navarro was General, and there was a great Number of Gentlemen Volunteers. The Fleet, consisting of 10 Gal∣leys and 80 other Vessels, met at Carthagena the last Month. Before they set sail, some Dis∣putes arose betwixt the Cardinal and the Earl, on account that the former bestowed some Commands on his Servants, which the other had before promised to others. Some Persons interposing, the Count swore to obey the Cardinal in all things. On the 16th of May they set Sail from Carthagena, and the next day being the Feast of the Ascension, entred the Port of Mazalquivir. It was declared their Design was upon Oran, a famous City in the Kingdom of Tremecen, containing about 6000 Inhabitants, seated near the Sea, partly in a Valley, and partly on the side of a Hill, encompassed with a strong Wall, the Streets all contrived after the rude manner of the Moors, distant from the City of Tremecen 140 Miles, and opposite to Carthagena. It was once one of the most Principal Marts on that Coast, by reason of the great resort of Genoese and Catalonian Merchants, and was so rich as to maintain a small Fleet, which infested the Coast of Andaluzia. Our Fleet entred the Harbour at Night, and the next Morning began to land the Men. They drew them up in Four Bodies, each con∣taining 2500 Men, with the Horse upon the Flanks. Mean while the Cardinal was in the Church of Mazalquivir; but when they were ready to join Battel with the Moors that came to hinder their Approach to the City, he came out mounted upon a Mule, the Clergy and Re∣ligious attending him. One F. Ferdinand, of the Order of S. Francis, carried the Cross, with a Sword girt upon his Habit, as had all the others by the Cardinal's Order. He encouraged the Men, offering to lead them into the midst of the Enemy; but the Commanders begged of him to offer up his Prayers to God for them whilst they fought. He complied, and return∣ing to Mazalquivir, continued at Prayers in the Chapel of S. Michael all the time of the Bat∣tel. It was Three in the Afternoon, and the Earl being doubtful whether it were not better to delay the Fight till next day, advised with the Cardinal, who was of Opinion not to suffer, the Soldiers to cool. The Signal being given, they began to march up the Hill, and tho' the Moors, to the Number of 12000, besides the Recruits that constantly came to them, cast down all sorts of Weapons upon them, they gained Ground. Some Soldiers of Guadalajara advanced contrary to Order, one of whom was killed, and the rest forced to retire. That Man's Head being cut off, was carried to the City, and there rolled about the Streets, the Rabble crying the Alfaquin (so they called the Cardinal) was killed; till a Christian Slave, who knew the Cardinal by sight, undeceived them. Our Horse began to Skirmish with the Enemy, among whom our Cannon did some execution; and then the Foot came on, dri∣ving them, tho' the Hill was uncouth, till they came to certain Conducts of Water; There they halted a while, and removing their Cannon to the highest part of the Hill, with that

and their Swords put the Moors to flight, pursuing them beyond the City, because the Gates were shut against them. A great number of Moors sallied out, under the Leading of the Mezuar or Governour of Oran; and whilst these were hotly engaged, some of our Men at∣tempted to scale the Walls, the Inhabitants opposing them. They that were in the Galleys attacking the side next the Sea, had leisure to make themselves Masters of certain Towers and all the Alcaçava. Thus the City was entred by the Christians, and plundered. Those Moors that fought in the Field seeing the Spanish Colours upon the Walls, thought to have got into the Town; but some of our Men sallying, they were taken in the middle, and a great Slaughter made. 4000 of them were killed, and about 5000 taken. This Victory was looked upon as miraculous, because of the Disorder of our Men, but much more because immediately after the Mezuar of Tremecen came with such a Multitude, that it would have been impossible to have taken the City had he come sooner. This Success was attributed to the Prayers of the Cardinal, who entred the City with Joy, and Consecrated the Great Mosque by the Name of S. Mary of Victory. After which, he returned the next day with his Galleys to Carthagena. He left the Command of that City to Peter Navarro till the King's Pleasure were known. From Carthagena he sent the King an account of the Victory, and went himself to his Town of Alcala, where he entred more like a Religious Man than a Conqueror, nor per∣mitting any manner of Publick Reception to be made for him.

By the League concluded at Cambray, it was agreed that each of the Confederate Princes * 1.30 should begin to War upon the Venetians on his side, by the First of April at farthest. King Ferdinand sent Colonel Zamudio with 2000 chosen Foot to compleat those at Naples to 5000. All things proceeded very slowly, because the Earl of Ribagorça was looked upon as a Person unfit for that Undertaking, or for the Government, as also because it was discovered that the Barons of that Kingdom conspired to shake off the Spanish Government. Fabricius Colona also advised not to attempt any thing upon the Towns of the Venetians in Apulia, till there was a Fleet ready to hinder them from Relief by Sea, which was looked upon as Treacherous, or at least very weak Counsel. The King of France sent la Trimouille with Forces over the Alpes as soon as the Season would permit, and himself on the First of May made his Entry into Milan. Having gathered his Army, consisting of 40000 Men, he entred the Territories of the Venetians, and took several Towns. The Venetians had raised 50000 Men under the * 1.31 Command of the Earl of Petillano, and Bartholomew d' Albiano, Two Great Generals of the Family of the Ursini, and Subjects to the King of Spain for their Estates in Naples. Near Ri∣volta the Two Armies met and engaged. The Fight was long doubtful, till the Venetian Foot being broke by the French Artillery, and then charged by the Horse, they were forced to fly. A great Number was killed. Count Petillano with a few escaped. Bartholomew d' Al∣biano and many more were taken. This Victory, called of Giaradada, was very Famous, and in Memory of it the King caused a Chapel to be built in that Place, calling it S. Mary of Vi∣ctory. Immediately upon it the Cities of Crema, Cremona, Bergamo, and Bressa, were surren∣dered to the French, which was all they pretended to according to the Articles of the League. The Pope's Forces took Solarolo, Frença, Arimino, Ravena, and Servia, which was all that be∣longed to him. The Earl of Ribagorça had gathered his Army by the end of May. Villamarin Earl of Capacho the Admiral was ready at Messina with 12 Galleys and 10 Ships, and only ex∣pected the French Fleet to join him, in order to go upon the Coast of Apulia; but there was no need of these Preparations: For as soon as the Viceroy of Naples laid siege to Trana, the Seigneury of Venice sent Orders to all their Governours on that Coast to deliver up the Cities. The Duke of Ferrara and Marquess of Mantua took some Places from the Venetians, to which they pretended a Title. Venice was brought so low, that it was reported the Senate designed to submit it self to the King of Hungary, to be by him protected. There remained the Emperour, who in June was 7 Leagues from Inspruck, on his way to Italy. On the 8th of that Month the Florentines subdued the City of Pisa. As soon as the Emperor came to Esternan, the Venetians proposed an Accommodation with him, and it was said they sent him a Blank signed for him to make his own Conditions, so he would protect them in that desperate Condition. As the Emperor marched all Places submitted to him, so that the Venetians had not a Foot of Land left them in Italy, except the City Venice, which the Emperor designed to besiege by Sea and Land. To this purpose he would have the French and Spanish Fleets join to shut up the Sea, whilst his and the French Forces attacked it by Land. Nay, he proposed when taken to have it divided into Four Parts, with as many Castles, whereof each of the Confederate Princes should have one. In order to it the Catholick King, tho' he disbanded all the Land-Forces save 500 which were to be transported into Spain, ordered the Fleet to stay in Italy, yet afterwards neither the Pope nor he would consent to the utter subverting of that State, considering it would redound only to the Advantage of France, by reason their Dominion of Milan lay so near, and the others so far off. Nay, they apprehended it might be a step to∣wards making that King Master of all Italy, and that then he might make a Pope according to his own Mind; which the present Pope was so apprehensive of, that both he and the Catho∣lick King laboured all that in them was to disappoint an Interview proposed betwixt the Em∣peror and King of France.

As soon as the King of France possessed himself of what he desired, he returned to Milan, * 1.32 and thence to his Kingdom. He left 1500 Horse in the Cities newly taken, and Charles d' Amboise as General. The Imperial Forces lay at Treviso and Friouli, which was all the Ve∣netians had left them in Italy. Andrew Gritti, by Intelligence he had with some of the Inhabi∣tants, recovered the City Padua for the Venetians, 42 days after it had submitted to the Em∣peror. This News being brought to him, he retired into the Country of Tirol. With the same ease the Venetians took Assula, where they put to the Sword 150 Spaniards that were there in Garrison; the same they did to 200 more they found in Castelfranco, and took Alvarado their Captain Prisoner. Most of the 1500 Spaniards that went over from the French Service to the Emperor, were thus killed or taken. Verona being about to revolt, was prevented by the Sieur de la Palisse, who secured it till the Emperor, who expected Supplies out of Germany and Flanders, sent to take possession of it. He made up an Army of 30000 Men. The King of France sent him 1300 Horse, the Pope 300, and afterwards 1000 Spanish Foot. With these Forces he laid Siege to Padua on the 5th of September. The Earl of Pitillano, and all the Chief Commanders of Venice, threw themselves into the City. Their greatest Strength con∣sisted in 2000 Albanian Horse, who did much harm among the Imperialists. A Breach being made, the City was assaulted, but the Enemy repulsed twice, fresh Supplies still coming in to the Besieged, till they made up 25000 Men. In the first Attack many of the Spaniards were killed, being blown up in a Bastion they gained. This discouraged the Imperialists so, that about the beginning of October they raised the Siege. Their Retreat soon changed the face of Affairs. The People of Vicenza being assisted from Padua, took Gaspar de Sanseverino, left in that City with 3000 Germans. The Forces of Venice recovered Este, Monfilice, and Mon∣tagnana, and then laid siege to Ferrara; but the Forces of France and the Pope coming to the Relief of the Town, and having sunk 17 of their Galleys on the Po, they were forced to draw off. Andrew Gritti had before taken the Marquess of Mantua, and was about changing him for Bartholome d' Albiano, who was in great Esteem, tho' blamed for his Rashness at the Battel of Abdua. Verona was disposed to submit to the Venetians; D. Jhen Manuel was in it with 2000 Spaniards ill paid, but some French Forces came and secured that Place. The main Strength of the French Army lay between Bressa and Verona. John James Trivulcio was in Bressa. D. John Manuel resigned his Command to one Luis de Biamonte, who had been some years in the French Service.

CHAP. VIII. The Accord betwixt the Emperor and King Ferdinand. Bugia and Tripoli in Barbary taken by the Spaniards, and Goa in India by the Portugueses.

AFter the Earl of Lerin Constable of Navarrè died, the Catholick King was the more pres∣sing with the King of Navarre to restore Luis de Biamonte, Son to the Deceased, and * 1.33 his own Nephew. Nothing could be obtained, tho' it was pleaded the Son had no hand in his Father's Crimes. The People of Sanguessa made an Inroad into Aragon, on pretence to take Ul and Filera, which Towns they said belonged to them. On the other side, the Arago∣nians ravaged all the Plain of Sanguessa up to the Walls of the Town. These things seemed to tend to a War; but being private Grievances, they were not looked upon as a Breach. D. Luis sought to recover his Estate by force of Arms. The Emperor and King of Spain pro∣posed some means to agree about the Government. The Catholick King, tho' well fixed in the possession of it, was willing to agree to prevent Disorders which the Discontented Nobi∣lity seemed to threaten. Yet he would keep the Government as long as his Daughter lived; but if she died, then to resign to Prince Charles when he was 20 Years of Age. The King of France and Cardinal d' Amboise were chosen Arbitrators. Andrew de Burgo came to Spain to Capitulate, and was well received. The Bishop of Catania was with the Emperour upon the same account. At length these two Princes agreed upon these Articles: That the Ca∣tholick * 1.34 King should continue in the Government; but in case he had any Issue Male, then Prince Charles should again be Sworn Heir to the Crown of Castile in the Cortes, and King Ferdinand should also Swear to Govern that Kingdom to the Prince's Advantage. The Em∣perour would have had the Prince receive the Revenue of the Kingdom of Asturias, but the King said it had never allowed any Prince, and therefore consented to allow him 30000 Du∣cats a year, and to add to that Sum whensoever he was married. The Emperour also de∣manded for himself 100000 Ducats, of which 50000 were allowed him to be paid by the Florentines, on account of the delivery of Pisa to them. King Ferdinand also offered to assist the Emperour against the Venetians with 300 Men at Arms, to whom he would give 4 or 5 Months Pay. It was also agreed, that whensoever Prince Charles would go into Spain, a Fleet should be sent for him, and Prince Ferdinand should go to Flanders as soon as the other was landed in Spain. Upon these Conditions they joined in League, and all Differences were re∣conciled. Because the King of France and Cardinal d' Amboise had been chosen Arbitrators, these Articles were sent to them to peruse, and they approved of the same on the 12th of

December. This done, all their Estates were restored to those who had been of the Empe∣rour's and Prince's Party; and D. Peter de Guevara was set at liberty according to Capitula∣tion. Upon which, some Gentlemen departed the Kingdom, pretending to go serve the Prince. Among these D. Alonso Manrique, Bishop of Badajoz, was most remarkable. At this time the Earl of Pitillano the Venetian General died at Lonigo in the Territory of Vincenza. King Ferdinand ordered the Earl of Lemos, who still held Intelligence in Portugal and Flanders, to deliver up the Forts of Sarria and Monforte to the Lord of Poça, then Governour of Ga∣licia. D. Raymund de Cardona, Viceroy of Sicily, was appointed to succeed the Earl of Ri∣bagorça at Naples, and D. Hugo de Moncada to be Viceroy of Sicily. Various Reports were spread abroad concerning this Change of Viceroy at Naples. Most Men said the Earl of Ribagorça was not capable of that Command: Others believed the Ursini were the cause of his removal. But who can stop the Mouths of the Multitude, or fathom the Designs of Princes?

King Ferdinand being desirous to employ his Forces against the Infidels, was always for con∣cluding * 1.35 a Peace with the Venetians, and joining in League with them, after each of the Con∣federates had recovered what he pretended a right to. Thus he proposed with the joint Forces of them all to make War upon the Turks, the common Enemy of Christendom. It was hard to reconcile such different Interests. He proposed to join his Forces with those of the other Princes, and to go himself in Person to the Levant. This his Design he made known to the Pope, who approved of it, and offered to forward it. The Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily lay opportunely for this Enterprize. Those who well weighed the Circumstances of Things, thought it not fit for the King at his Age, and in the present posture of Affairs in Castile to absent himself so far off. It was thought more expedient to continue the Conquest of Africk so fortunately begun. Count Peter Navarro had 13 Ships well equipped in the Port of Mazal∣quivir. He sailed thence with some chosen Troops to the Island Yviça, where Hierome Vianelo expected him with another part of the Fleet. There they staid some days, it being the dead of Winter. It was declared the Fleet was designed for Bugia. They sailed from Yviça on the first of January, 1510. The Forces consisted of about 5000 Men, well provided with * 1.36 Cannon. Bugia is seated on the Coast of Numidia, not far from the Borders of Mauritania * 1.37 Caesariensis. First it belonged to the Kings of Tunez, then to those of Tremecen, who pos∣sessed it till recovered by Abuferriz King of Tunez. He left it to his Son Abdulhazis, with the Title of a New Kingdom. From him was descended Abdurrahamel the present Possessor, who usurped it from Muley Abdalla his Brother's Son, and the Rightful King. It is seated on the side of a high Mountain, with a good Castle at the upper part, all of it encompassed with an old but strong Wall. It used to contain 8000 Inhabitants, and was the chief University for Philosophy in Africk. The Country about it is fitter for Gardens and Orchards than to bear Corn Our Fleet came before it on the Eve of the Epiphany, but the Men could not land because the Wind was contrary. On the top of the Mountain appeared the Moorish King with 10000 Foot and some Squadrons of Horse. They began to come down to the Shoar to hinder our Men landing, but the Cannon of the Fleet made them draw back, and clear the Landing∣place. The Earl drew up his Men in Four Bodies, and began to ascend the Hill in order to fight the Moors, but they retired into the City. Our Men, some through an Ascent in the Old City which was abandoned, and others from the top of the Mountain, soon scaled the Walls. Within they found no resistance; for as they entred on the one side, the King and his Men fled out at the other. This Success terrified all Africk, and the more for that Muley Abdalla the Lawful King escaping out of Prison, fled to the Earl. He, after taking the City, attacked Abdarrahamel in his Camp 8 Leagues thence, and put him to flight, upon which many Towns along that Coast submitted themselves. The first of these was Argier, afterwards the Terror of Spain, and grown Rich with our Spoils. After Argier the King of Tunez and City Tedeliz did the same. Even the King of Tremecen and Moors of Mostagan subjected themselves to the King. Articles were concluded with them all, by which they were obliged to set free all Christians, and pay a yearly Tribute. This took up the Earl some time, yet he omitted nothing that might tend to advance the Conquest. At this time Alonso d' Albuquerque in India * 1.38 made himself Master of the City Goa, the Metropolis of the Portugues Empire in those Parts. This City stands in an Island made by a River falling into the Sea. It is about 5 Leagues in length, was subject to Zabaim Hidalcan, and at that time ill provided, he having drawn away the Garrison to serve in his other Wars. Timoja a Pirate who robbed along those Seas with 14 Vessels, gave notice of it to the Governour, and he found all his Intelligence to be true. On the 16th of February he entred that Port, and easily made himself Master of the City. Francis d' Almeyda his Predecessor, in his return to Portugal, having put in to Water at the Cape of Good Hope, was killed in a Skirmish with the Cafres, so the Natives of that Country are called. The Catholick King had made choice of D. Garcia de Toledo, Eldest Son to the Duke of Alva, to be General in Africk, designing to make use of Count Peter Navarro in his Wars in Italy. D. Garcia made some considerable stay before he departed Spain. The Earl not to lose time, as also because the Plague began to spread in Bugia, on the 7th of June set out with 8000 Men towards Favignana, a small Island off of Trapana in Sicily; thither re∣paired to him 11 Galleys, besides other Vessels of Naples and Sicily; so that he was 14000 Men strong. With this Fleet he soon came in sight of Tripoli on the Coast of Barbary, for∣merly

subject to the King of Tunez, now to a Lord of its own. Most part of it is encom∣passed by the Sea, and towards the Land it has a broad wet Ditch and a Wall with many Towers. About 14000 Moors came to defend it. The Earl landed his Men in Two Bodies, the one to engage the Moors that came down to the Shoar, the other to storm the City; be∣sides, some Soldiers and Seamen attempted to scale it on the side of the Sea. The Fight was obstinately maintained for two hours, after which the Moors that were without fled, and the City was scaled near the Gate called of Victory. John Ramirez an Aragonian was one of the first that mounted the Wall. Yet the City was not so taken, but was won Inch by Inch, the Moors defending every Street, not that they hoped to overcome, but resolving not to die un∣revenged. About 5000 Moors were put to the Sword, and their Xeque or Lord was taken. On our side many Men of Note were killed, and among them Christopher Lopez d' Arriaran the Admiral. The City was plundered. All the Booty was given to them that fought; the Captives and Merchandise were assigned to those that guarded the Fleet. This was contri∣ved by the Earl, that all might be satisfied, and reap the Profit of that Victory.

CHAP. IX. The War in Italy. The Pope grants the Investiture of the Kingdom of Naples to King Fe∣dinand. D. Garcia de Toledo defeated and killed at Gelves.

THE War was carried on against the Venetians but coldly; for the King of France having recovered his own, returned into France, and the Emperour into Germany before he had done what he designed. It was agreed that the Confederates, in pursuance of the Treaty of Cambray, should assist the Emperour till he were possessed of all that the Venetians held from him. The Prince of Anhalt commanded the Imperialists, but had very small Forces, and no * 1.39 Money to pay them. With the Assistance of the French he recovered Vincenza. By Order of the Catholick King the Duke of Termens carried 400 Men at Arms to his Assistance. The Pope sent no Supply, either that he thought not himself obliged any farther, or because he was offended at the King of France, for that he favoured his Enemy the Duke of Ferrara. At last the Pope absolved the Venetians of all Ecclesiastical Censures, and joined in League with them, being unwilling that Republick should quite be extirpated, wherein the Catholick King agreed with him. Besides, he designed to make use of their Forces against the Duke of Ferrara, whom he had already, as a Rebel, adjudged to forfeit his Estate. Hereat the King of France was so incensed, that he ordered all the Revenues of the French Cardinals to be stopped, and them to come to reside upon their Benefices. Still these Discontents increased, the Pope, who had an Interest at Genoa, with the assistance of the Venetian Galleys, endeavouring to stir up the Commonalty of Genoa against the French. His Design took no effect. He prevailed with the Venetious to set free the Marquess of Mantua, designing to employ him in the War against France, provided he gave his Son as Hostage for his Fidelity. The Marquess was re∣leased on the 14th of July. The Duke of Urbino was appointed General of all the Forces of * 1.40 the Church, and took all the Territory belonging to the Duke of Ferrara in Romania beyond the River Po. Chatillon a French Commander marched thither with 300 Lances, and the Pope's Forces raising the Siege they had laid to Lugo, retired to Imola. Thus the War was carried on betwixt the French and the Pope, who aspired to restore to Maximilian Sforcia the Dutchy of Milan. The Dutchess of Terranova continued at Genon, and the Pope still ma∣king instance that her Husband the Great Captain should come into his Service, the French grew jealous of her stay there; therefore her Husband ordered her immediately to return to Spain. There arose a Dispute now betwixt the Inhabitants of Fuenterabia in Biscay, and those of Andaya in Guienne about the River Vidasoa, which parts Spain and France, each pretending Right to the said River. They came several times to Blows about it, and at last the Two Kings appointed Judges to decide that Controversie, who ordered that the River should re∣main in common; but the French were forbid to use Vessels that had a Keel: And thus the Difference ended.

The Catholick King had summoned the Cortes of Aragon, Catalonia and Valencia, to meet at * 1.41 Monçon on the 20th of April, in order to obtain some Supply for carrying on the War in Africk, the Conquests whereof appertained to them. He set out from Madrid towards that Place in the Spring. In that Town remained Prince Ferdinand, the Cardinal of Spain and the Council. With the King went the Duke of Medina Sidonia, D. Peter Giron, the Constable, the Marquess of Priego and Earl of Uren̄a. There was a great Concourse at Monçon, that being the first time the King during his Reign had assembled the General Cortes, for before they were held apart for each of those three Provinces. Mean while the King neglected not the War in Africk, or Italy; and particularly pressed the King of France to consent to alter that Article concerning the Succession to the Crown of Naples, in case Queen Germana had no Issue. The King of France would not hearken to this Proposition, still hoping to recover that Kingdom and espe∣cially now the Cardinal de Amboise died, who had always great Influence over the King, and

made use of his Interest to promote Peace. This Affair perplexed the Catholick King, and therefore he thought fit to apply himself to the Pope, and improve his hatred to the King of France for obtaining the Investiture of Naples. At first the Pope was averse to it, but after∣wards considering the Assistance of Spain, would stand him in good stead to carry on the great Designs he had in hand, he resolved to grant the Investiture in as ample manner as could be wished. Pope Alexander having given the King of France the Investiture of that part of the Kingdom before mentioned, with the Title of King of Naples and Jerusalem, it was hard to de∣prive * 1.42 him of it without a cause shown. Therefore he declared that King had forfeited his Title for not paying the Acknowledgment he ought in so many Years, and for alienating that Feoffe of the Church when he agreed with the Catholick King, without obtaining the Consent of the immediate Proprietor. Thus the Investiture was granted to King Ferdinand and his Heirs, upon Condition he should pay every Year on the Feast of S. Peter and Paul 8000 ounces of Gold, and every three Years a white Palfrey. Besides he was for once to pay 50000 Duc∣cats, as should his Successors when they received the Investiture. These were the same Condi∣tions that had been imposed upon Charles the first of France. About the beginning of July this Grant was passed by the Pope and College of Cardinals. On the 7th of August the Pope re∣mitted the yearly Tribute and the 50000 Duccats, contenting himself with the white Palfrey and his Furniture, and 300 Horse to serve him wheresoever there was War in the State of the Church, designing to use them against Ferrara. In the time of Pope Leo there was imposed an acknowledgment of 7000 Duccats, for the leave granted to the Emperor Charles the 5th to hold that Kingdom together with the Empire, which was contrary to the antient Capitulations with the Houses of Anjou and Aragon. The King of France was much offended at this Proceeding, and by his Ambassador the Bishop of Rieux, complained grievously thereof to the Catholick King whilst the Cortes sat at Monçon. There on the 13th of August was a Subsidy granted the King of 500000 Crowns, a great Sum considering the Time and the Liberty of those Provinces. They also, in Case the King should be called away, authorised Queen Germana to preside, and even to assemble the Cortes again if broke up, provided she were commissio∣ned as Lieutenant of those Kingdoms. The Associations erected some Years before, were now dissolved. Many Ambassadors, and great numbers of Nobility were at Monçon during the Sit∣ting of the Cortes.

At Malaga a Fleet was provided to carry over D. Garcia de Toledo, and the Forces for the Con∣quests of Africk. The King was earnest they should set out, yet they delayed some time be∣cause * 1.43 of the Plague that was at Bugia. The Fleet sailed in the heat of Summer carrying 7000 Men. Part of the Fleet and 3000 Men were left at Bugia to secure that Place. James de Ve∣ra having put Bugia into a good Posture followed the Fleet, and they came together, being 16 Galleys, to the Port of Tripoli at such time as Count Peter Navarro had embarqued his Men to the number of 8000, designing for Gelves, the greatest and most important Island on the Coast of Africk about 100 Leagues West of Tripoli. It is plain and sandy, covered with Palm and Olive Trees, so near the Continent, that on the one side there is a Bridge to go over to it. In length it is above 16 miles, wants Water, has no Town but scattering Houses, and on the Shore a Castle where the Lord lives. It was once subject to the King of Tunez, but at this time had a Xeque or particular Lord. On the 28th of August they arrived at Gelves. The Forces landed finding no Opposition either in the Island, or on the Continent at a Town they call Puente Quebrada. All the Army was divided into 3 Bodies. D. Garcia, tho he was General, would advance before the rest, with the Gentlemen that followed him. Some say it was by ad∣vice of Peter Navarro, others affirm it was against his Will. The Xeque had about 150 Horse and 2000 Foot, but so ill armed, and so fearful, they offered good Terms rather than come to Blows. It was Afternoon when our Forces began to march, the heat of the sandy Ground was so violent as if all had been in a Flame. Scarce had they advanced 2 Leagues when some fell down dead with Drought, and all suffered extremely. The Vanguard being come to a Wood of Palm Trees, fell into Disorder to seek Water at some Wells, they imagined there were near certain ruined Houses. Here the Moors observing their Confusion, fell upon them. D. Garcia and others that were a horse-back lighted. Some advised him to retire. He answered. Ad∣vance Gentlemen, are we come hither to turn our backs? If Fortune frown on us, yet she can∣not make us forget the Duty we owe to our Birth. Having said thus, he took a Pike from an Aragonian, and fell in among the Moors. Our Men, nothing moved by the Example of their Ge∣neral, * 1.44 fled. The Moors took the advantage, and falling on killed four of those that alighted; which were D. Garcia, Garci Sarmiento, Loaya and Christopher Velasquez, all Commanders of Note. There was no stopping of those that fled. The Count ordered the Batallions of James Pocheco and Giles Nieto which were with him in the Rear, to make head against the Moors, and by that means prevented their being all cut off. The Earl himself was in such a Consternati∣on, he was one of the first that embarqued, tho he might pretend it was to oblige the Galleys next the Shore to take in the Men, many being drowned because they would not admit them. About 4000 of our Men were killed or taken, and among them many of Note. The Body of D. Garcia was carried to the Xeque, who writ to D. Hugo de Moncada Viceroy of Sicily, that supposing that Lord to be the King's Kisman, he kept his Body in a Chest, to be disposed of as he should direct. D. Garcia left a young Son called D. Ferdinand Alvarez de Toledo, who was afterwards one of the famous Generals of the World. Count Peter Navarro having sent the

King an account of that Disaster, ordered the Galleys back to Naples, and with the rest of the Fleet sailed for Tripoli, where he arrived on the 19th of December, having been 8 days in a Storm. He left James de Vera in that City with a Garrison of 3000 Men, other 3000 he disbanded, be∣ing unfit for Service; and he with 4000 more and part of the Fleet, went out to scowr the Coast between Gelvez and Tunez. Bad Weather obliged him to lie by most part of the Winter, in the Island Lampadosa near Sicily. An infinite number of Moors about the end of this Year, layed Siege to the City Safin on the Coast of Africk, and subject to the Portugueses. Atayde the Governour having received some Supplies from the Island of Madera, defended himself bravely; and the Siege being raised made an Inroad as far as Almedina, 32 miles from Safin. He had several Skirmishes with the Moors, took a great Booty, but in his return such great Num∣bers came upon him, that he was forced to quit it. He made several other Incursions and came up to the very Walls of Morocco, an Action of more Honour than Advantage. The same was done by D. John Coutin̄o Governour of Arzilla, and Peter de Sousa of Azamer; both brave Com∣manders, and ambitious of enlarging the Portugues Dominions in Africk, which might have been the more easily performed, that Country being divided into many Kingdoms, and they at variance among themselves.

CHAP. X. Some Cardinals Revolt from the Pope; Bolonia taken by the French; The Revolted Car∣dinals summon a General Council.

MUch about the same time the Catholick King having broke up the Cortes at Mon∣çon, returned to Castile and Pope Julius set out from Rome towards Bolonia. The King was going to the Cortes of Castile, summoned to meet at Madrid, to take care for carrying on the War in Africk, and no less to provide for the Affairs of Italy. The Pope thought being at Bolonia to advance the War against Ferrara, in which the Duke of Urbin made little Progress: On the 6th of October King Ferdinand in the presence of the Emperor's * 1.45 and Prince Charles his Ambassadors, and of the Popes Nuncio, took an Oath at Madrid to Govern that Kingdom as became a just and rightful Tutor. He also Ordered Fabricius Colona with 300 Lances from Naples to go join the Forces of the Church, to serve against Ferrara, but not against the King of France. To oblige him, he Ordered the Admiral Villamarin with 11 Gallies that returned from Gelves to join the French Fleet at Genoa, in order to secure that City. The Duke of Termens was in Verona with 400 Lances in the Emperor's Service, and saved that City from falling into the Hands of the Venetians, who laid close Siege to it. The Pope when he set out, Ordered all the Cardinals to follow him. but some of them fled to Naples, and not being admitted there, went thence to Florence. * 1.46 There they staid, tho' the Pope pressed them to come to him. The French now attempt∣ed to have surprized Bolonia, where the Pope and Cardinals were in great Danger, but Fabricius Bolona with his 300 Lances delivered them. The Pope fell sick, whereupon some scandalous Contrivances began to be among the Cardinals; which he having notice of, as∣sembled them, and published a severe Bull against such as were guilty of Simony in the E∣lection of a Pope. The Mutinous Cardinals at Florence thought of calling a general Council to Reform the Church Discipline, and also to Depose the Pope, The Emperor and King of France joining with them, and endeavouring to draw in the Catholick King. The Em∣peror and King of France declared all the Confederate Princes were obliged to assist one another, till they had Recovered all that was detained from any of them by the Venetians. They also would have the Pope remit the business of Ferrara to be Tried by due Course of Law, and in order to it, would have all Ecclesiastical Persons, not excepting Cardi∣nals or any others, to reside at their Benefices upon Penalty of Forfeiting their Revenues. This caused the Pope to Excommunicate all the French Commanders in Italy, and all those who had any Hand in the Gallican Provincial Synods held to this effect. The Catholick King never agreed to this Decree of the Gallican Church, but laboured to reconcile the Emperor to the Pope and the Venetians. It was now proposed to Marry the Queen of Naples, Niece to the Catholick King, to Charles Duke of Savoy, and the Treaty was so far advanced, that 200000 Ducats were assigned for her Portion, and she was called Dutchess of Savoy; yet at last it broke off, and the Duke Married Beatrix Princess of Portugal. At Naples the People mutinied, because it was designed to introduce the Inquisition there, after the manner of Spain. The Tumult was so great, that the Viceroy to prevent farther mischief, commanded all the Jews who were come thither from Spain in great numbers, to depart the Kingdom by the last of March, as also that the Inquisition should not be Established. Thus the People was appeased, the Pope himself being of opinion they ought not to have been provoked by erecting that severe Tribunal.

The King of France was jealous that the Catholick King would join in League with the Pope against him, and the Swisse that served the Pope gave him cause to suspect he might * 1.47 intend to War upon Milan. He offered very advantageous Conditions, but the Pope

thought himself secure of all the Dukedom of Ferrara, whereof he had already taken the greatest Part. The Emperor required him to restore Modena as a Feoffe of the Empire, to which the Pope was not averse, so he would ingage not to return it to the Duke of Ferrara, nor put it into the Hands of the French. The Catholick King had bent his Thoughts against Africk, yet neglected not the Affairs of Italy. He ordered the Duke of Termens to return to Naples, there being no Service about Verona. The Duke obeyed, and by the way visited the Pope at Bolonia, by whom he was well entertained. About the beginning of January 1511. King Ferdinand went to Sevil to forward the Preparations for the War in Africk, being de∣sirous * 1.48 to Revenge the loss sustained at Gelves, and no less that of Hierome Vianelo, who was surprized and slain with 400 Men in the Island Querquens, between Gelves and Tunez. The Pope himself in the dead of Winter laid Siege to, and took Mirandula. Thence he re∣turned himself to Bolonia, but sent his Army to Ferrara. Both his Forces and those of the Venetians who came to his assistance were forced by the French to quit that Enterprize. In March the Pope at Ravena created 9 Cardinals.

All the Cardinals in the Conclave wherein Pope Julius was chosen, before the Election had taken an Oath, that whosoever of them came up Pope, would call a general Council * 1.49 within 2 Years after his Promotion to the Pontificate. besides it was decreed in the Coun∣cils of Constance and Basle, that general Councils should meet every 10 Years, and grievous penalties denounced to such as should obstruct them. Pope Julius after he had obtained the Papacy, made no account either of his Oath, or the Decrees of those Councils. Many were desirous to correct the Abuses crept into the Roman Court, especially during the Reigns of Alexander and Julius. The Emperor and King of France favouring this Design; the Cardinals that were withdrawn from the Pope issued out their Mandates for summoning a general Council to meet at Pisa on the 1st of September. The Emperor consented to all this Proceed∣ing, and only desired to have the Council assembled at Constance in Germany. The Catholick King declared himself against these Practices, and advised the Emperor not to have any Hand in them. He ordered Cavanillas his Ambassador at the French Court in the best manner that might be, to require that King to Restore Bolonia to the Church; not to Invade the Terri∣tories thereof any farther, and to desist from that Affair of the Council. The King of France excused himself, saying, the Pope had infringed the Capitulation made at Cambray; never∣theless he would admit of Peace upon honourable Terms. He demanded the Articles agreed upon at Cambray should be duly observed. That the Cardinals who had forsaken the Court of Rome should be Restored, even as they were before they went thence. That the Marquess of Mantua who served as General of the Venetians, should be Absolved of the Oath he took to that Republick, and have his Son Restored to him, whom he had delivered to the Pope as Hostage. That the Duke of Ferrara should be received into the Pope's favour, and the Sentence denounced against him recalled, without obliging him to resign his Lands beyond the River Po, or Cento, or Pieve, since they were his Wives Portion. The same things were required of the Pope in the Emperor's Name. But he looked on these as hard Conditions, and being of a haughty Spirit, would have no Body Capitulate with him, but submit to his Will. The Catholick King seeing there was no Expedient to prevent that mighty Breach, resolved to declare for the Pope. In order to it he altered his Design of going over himself into Africk, and sent home 1000 English Archers the King of England had furnished for that Expedition. They arrived at Cadiz in June, where he Rewarded, and Dismissed them well satisfied. Moreover he articled with that King, that in case the King of France would not Restore Bolonia to the Pope, and desist from calling a general Council; then the * 1.50 Catholick King should assist the Pope, and the King of England should make War in Guiene, to prevent the French invading the Frontiers of Spain. This done, King Ferdinand went a∣way from Sevil to Burgos. From Guadalupe he sent Orders to Count Peter Navarro to go with the Forces he had to Naples, where D. Raimund de Cardona the Viceroy, under pre∣tence of the War in Africk, had all the Horse in the Kingdom in a readiness. It was or∣dered that Tripoli should be annexed to the Crown of Sicily, that the Viceroys might thence Relieve and Defend it. D. Jayme de Requesens was sent Governour thither, with a good Fleet. This was done because the King designed James de Vera the former Governor to be General of his Artillery. D. Jayme enjoyed that Command but a short time, for a mutiny happening among the Soldiers of that Garrison, the Viceroy of Sicily Removed them and their Governor, and sent his own Brother William de Moncada to succeed him in that Post.

The Catholick King laboured by all means to withdraw the Emperor from his Ingage∣ments with the King of France. To this purpose he sent Peter de Urrea to him, who was to * 1.51 succeed D. Jayme de Conchillos Bishop of the Canaries as Ambassador at that Court. The Emperor being a Man of a various Temper, could be brought to no Resolution. At last he agreed to send an Ambassador to the Pope, and D. Peter de Urrea to Venice that they might conclude some Accord. The Pope in the Name of that Republick offered that the Empe∣ror should retain Verona and Vincenza, and the Venetians all other Places that he pretended to, yet so, that they should pay down 250000 Ducats for the Investiture, and a Pension of 30000 yearly. All other Differences he would have referred to himself and the Catholick King, to be by them Terminated. These were advantageous proposals, yet rejected by the Emperor. Nor did Peter de Urreas journey produce any good Effect, for the Venetians per∣ceived

by what was working, that all Italy would soon be in confusion, which would give them a time to Breath, and perhaps to recover their Losses. The Emperor and Princess Margaret made application to the Catholick King for Supplies, either of Men or Money, a∣gainst the Duke of Guelders, who countenanced by the French, Infested Flanders, and took some Towns, there being no body to oppose him. But the Catholick King was so intent upon Italy, that he regarded nothing else, and the Emperor himself thought fit to connive at it, rather than break with France.

The End of the 29th BOOK.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Confusi∣ons upon the death of King Philip.
• * 1.2

  Govern∣ment set∣tled for the pre∣sent.
• * 1.3

  King Fer∣dinand in Italy.
• * 1.4

  He comes to Naples.
• * 1.5

  Uncertain Govern∣ment of Castile.
• * 1.6

  Q. Joanna wholly unfit to Govern.
• * 1.7

  Embassies to K. Fer∣dinand at Naples.
• * 1.8

  Practices of the Em∣peror.
• * 1.9

  1507.
• * 1.10

  Q. Joanna delivered of a Daughter.
• * 1.11

  Mutiny at Toledo.
• * 1.12

  Duke Va∣lentine slain.
• * 1.13

  K. John of Navarre subdues his Rebel∣lious Sub∣jects.
• * 1.14

  Treaty betwixt the Empe∣ror and King Fer∣dinand.
• * 1.15

  Affairs of Naples set∣led.
• * 1.16

  F••ench King in I∣taly.
• * 1.17

  Interview of the two Kings.
• * 1.18

  King Fer∣dinand re∣turns to Castile.
• * 1.19

  The Em∣peror dis∣gusted with Fer∣dinand.
• * 1.20

  The Em∣peror pro∣ceeds a∣gainst Mi∣lan.
• * 1.21

  Malecon∣tent in Andaluzia.
• * 1.22

  Punish∣ment of the Muti∣niers.
• * 1.23

  Penon in Africk ta∣ken by the Spaniards.
• * 1.24

  Portugueses sustain loss at Azamor but relieve Arzila.
• * 1.25

  Conspira∣cies in Castile dis∣covered.
• * 1.26

  League of Cambray.
• * 1.27

  Soldans Fleet worsted in India.
• * 1.28

  Death of Henry the VII. of England, Henry the VIII. suc∣ceeds him
• * 1.29

  Oran in Africk ta∣ken.
• * 1.30

  Venetians set upon on all sides
• * 1.31

  Venetian Army routed.
• * 1.32

  Padua re∣covered by the Ve∣netians.
• * 1.33

  Navarrois and Arra∣gonians make War.
• * 1.34

  Accord betwixt the Empe∣ror and K. Ferdinand.
• * 1.35

  Ferdinand desires Peace with Ve∣nice.
• * 1.36

  1510.
• * 1.37

  Bugia and other pla∣ces taken by the Spaniards.
• * 1.38

  Goa in In∣dia taken by the Portugueses
• * 1.39

  Vincenza taken by the Impe∣rialists.
• * 1.40

  The Pope seizes the Lands of the Duke of Ferrara.
• * 1.41

  Cortes or Parlia∣ment held at Monçon.
• * 1.42

  Investi¦ture of Naples granted to K. Ferdi∣nand.
• * 1.43

  D. Garcia de Toledo sent with Forces in∣to Africk:
• * 1.44

  Rout of the Spani¦ards in A∣frick.
• * 1.45

  King Fer∣dinand as∣sists the Pope.
• * 1.46

  Cardinals fall of from the Pope.
• * 1.47

  Jealousies of Princes
• * 1.48

  1511.
• * 1.49

  The Pope pressed to call a ge∣neral Council.
• * 1.50

  Agree∣ment be∣twixt K. Ferdinand and the K. of Eng∣land.
• * 1.51

  The Em∣peror can∣not be se∣parated from France.