The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.

CHAP. IV. The King of France enters Italy with an Army to reduce Genoa, has an Interview with King Ferdinand, who returns to Castile. The Spaniards defeated in Africk The Empe∣ror offended at King Ferdinand.

The King of France was now in Italy, whither he came with a great Army to reduce the Ge∣noeses, who had mutiny'd against the Nobility, beaten down the French Arms, and cho∣sen for their Duke one Paul de Nobe a Silk-Dyer. It was agreed that as the Catholick King re∣turned to Spain he should meet the King of France at Savona. Bad Weather detained the Gal∣leys some time at Gaeta and upon the Coast of Rome and Tuscany. On the 26th of June the Catholick King came to Genoa, where Gaston de Foix, Lord of Narbonne, his Nephew and Brother∣in-law, went out to meet him with 4 Galleys. The King of France being before at Savona met the Catholick King upon the shoar, and having embrac'd him, they went together under a Canopy to the Castle where they were to be entertained, King Ferdinand on the right hand the King of France on the left and the Queen in the middle. The more to honour them, the King of France went to lodge in the Bishop's House. On S. Peter's Day they heard Mass to∣gether, * 1.1 the Nobility of both Kingdoms vying in costly Apparel. That night the Queen sup∣ped with the King of France her Unkle, and the two Cardinals of S. Praxedes and d' Amboise with King Ferdinand. Next night the two Kings and Queens supped together and with them the great Captain at the Request of the King of France who spoke very honourably of him. King Ferdinand commended the Lord of Aubigny, who thence conceived hopes of recove∣ring the Earldom of Venafra, which he was possess'd of when the War broke out. It was the Subject of many reflections, that the Catholick King put himself into the Power of his Com∣petitor. The chief business discoursed of at this Interview was about the League against the Venetians, before designed. The Kings having taken leave of one another, King Ferdinand prosecuted his voyage which was tedious, by reason of contrary winds. He arrived at Coda∣ques upon the Coast of Catalonia on the 11th of July, but because the Plague was in that Countrey, sailed away to Valencia, where he arrived the 20th of the same Month, Peter Navarro with the Ships being there before. The King and Queen were received with great Pomp, the Queen under a Canopy it being the first time she had been there. Upon the arrival of the King Castile easily submitted, and particularly the Marquess of Villena complyed, upon promise that the King would stand Tryal at Law with him. Satisfaction in Mony and Lands was promised the Duke of Medina Sidonia for Gibraltar. The Archbishop of Toledo was pleased that besides other Favours the King had obtained him a Cardinals Cap and the Office of Inqui∣sitor. General of Castile and Leon, the Archbishop of Sevil resigning that place. F. John de Enguerra the King's Confessor was Inquisitor General for Aragon. Thus the Nobility were gained and all Castile pacified. What gave scandal was, that the King prevailed with the Pope to grant the Archbishoprick of Santiago to D. Alonso de Fonseca, a Youth of no Learn∣ing, and what is worse, his own Father resigning of that See to him upon the Title given him of Patriarch of Alexandria. True it is, they had both done good Service which might in some measure excuse this odious Succession of a Bastard to his Father's Bishoprick, but yet it was no way justifiable. It remained now to reduce the Duke of Najara D. John Manuel, and the Earl of Lemos who in Galicia had taken the Town of Ponferrada, belonging to the Crown, and most of the Marquisate of Villafranca to which he pretended a Right. The Duke of Alva and Earl of Benavente were sent against him with 2000 Horse and 3000 Foot. The Duke of Bragança would have assisted the Earl, but the King of Portugal would not permit: yet he prevailed with the Archbishop that the Earl should not be put out by force of Arms, but by regular course of Law. At last the Earl submitted, restored Ponferrada and the Marquisate of Villafrrnca. D. John Manuel being resolved to go for Flanders whether all the Flemmings were already gone, gave up the Castle of Burgos to the Duke of Najara, and that of Jaen to the Earl of Cabra. About this time the Catholick King received the News that the Alcaide de los Donzeles Gover∣nour * 1.2 of Mazalquivir having made an Incursion towards Tremezen with 100 Horse and 3000 Foot, being upon his Return with a great Booty near Oran, was overthrown by the King of Tremeçen. The Governour fought his way through with 70 Horse and got to Mazalquivir, on∣ly 400 more escaped by flight and as many were taken. Upon this News the King sent some Galleys from Valencia to the Relief of Mazalquivir. At Naples James Garcia de Paredes, James

de Aguayo, and Melgarijo turned Pyrats. James Garcia went to the Levant and did great harm there. The other two lay at Ischia and robbed all that came in their way. Michalot de Pratz a brave Commander, sent by the Viceroy to suppress them near Belveder, in the Prince of Bisig∣nano's Country, took their Vessels, and they fled to the Shore. Scarce had Michalot done this, when the Caravel he went in was lost and he drowned in a sudden Storm. About this time Alonso de Albuquerque, sent the last Year with Tristan d' Acun̄na to India to succeed Francis de Almey∣da as Governour, before he came to him, subdued the Island of Ormuz, one of the most impor∣tant Places in those Parts, lying at the Mouth of the Persian Gulph; and tho barren, extremely hot, destitute of Water, and not above 4 Leagues in Length, yet for all this, vastly rich and de∣lightful, by reason of its great Trade in the East. On the Coast of Africk, upon the Ocean, the Portugueses took Safin a large and populous City, once subject to the Kings of Morocco, but at that time to particular Lords of its own.

Queen Germana was left at Valencia, as the King's Deputy, but she soon went away to Cas∣tile. * 1.3 Count Peter Navarro set out with most of the Forces that came in the Fleet towards Alma∣cen, and the King set forwards on the 11th of August. The Archbishop of Zoragoça, and Dukes of Medina Celi, and Albuquerque went out to meet him. On the 21th of August he came to Montagudo, the first Town in the Kingdom of Castile. Thence he went to Almaçan and Aranda. All the way he was met by Prelates and Noblemen. Till this time Queen Jo∣anna stayed at Hornillos, the Roof of the Church where her Husband's Body lay was burnt, and the Body removed to the House where she lay: Hearing of her Father's coming she went to Tortolei a Village near Aranda. On the 28th of August the King came to Tortoles and the Queen falling at his Feet, he knelt down to take her up. After embracing they withdrew, and having conferred together the Queen went away to her Lodgings. Next day the King went to visit her, and after that began to dispose of all things. There they continued 7 days, and then went to Santa Maria del Campo. The King would have given the Archbishop the Cardinals Cap there, but the Queen said it was not fit she should be where there was any Rejoycings, and therefore it was given him at the Church of Mahamud. He was honoured with the Title of Cardinal of Spain, but the private Name was of S. Balbina. Andrew de Burgo, the Emperour's Ambassador, ceased not after the coming of the Catholick King, to perswade many to declare a∣gainst his Government. The King sent him away, and with him John Albion, to desire the Empe∣rour to send an Ambassador that would promote the Peace and Welfare of those Kingdoms. He undertook to reconcile the Admiral, Constable, and Duke of Alva, and secure them to his own Interest. He gave Orders for appeasing the Tumults in Andaluzia, and for securing the Sea-Ports of Biscay and Galicia, ordering the Earl of Lemos and D. Ferdinand de Andrada to come out of Galicia, where they had great Power. The same was done at Cadiz, Gibraltar and Malaga, and for more security the Moriscos, that is, those descended of Moors, were ordered to retire 2 Leagues from the Sea Coast, that all those Shores might be peopled by the antient Chri∣stian Race, but this could not be compassed. D. John Manuel had possession of the Castles of Burgos, Jaen, Plasencia, and Miravete, which the King commanded his Lieutenants to deliver. He of Burgos delayed, whereupon the King sent Peter Navarro with Forces to besiege it, and then the Lieutenant submitted, as did all the others. D. John Manuel by the way of Navarre went into France designing for Germany. There only remained the Duke of Najara, who forti∣fied that Town and levied Forces, hoping the Emperour would soon come, and therefore acted in the Name of Prince Charles, as his Viceroy. To put a stop to these troubles, the King set out towards Burgos, and from Arcos sent Ferdinand Duke of Strada to require that Duke to deliver up his Forts. The Duke excused himself. The King leaving the Queen at Arcos, because she would not go to Burgos, where she lost her Husband, went on himself in order to force the Duke. Count Peter Navarro was sent with his Forces, the Guards and Artillery, to seize all the Duke's Estate and his Person. Several of the Nobility interposed, and the Duke submitted to deliver up many Places of Strength. Hereupon, the King pardoned the Duke, and not long after by degrees, restored all those Forts to Duke Antony Manrique, Earl of Triveno, Son to the Duke. To oblige the Duke of Albuquerque the King proposed to marry the Lady Joanna de Aragon Daughter to the Archbishop of Zoragoça to the Dukes eldest Son, but this Match did not succeed, and she was afterwards married to D. John de Borgia Duke of Gandia:

The Emperor was much offended at the Kings of France and Spain. He complained of the Catholick King, for that he had seized upon the Government of Castile without agreeing with * 1.4 him. It was reported he would send 3000 Germans to Naples, to favour the Pretensions of the Duke of Calabria; and it was also suspected that the Great Captain forwarded this Design, in hopes to marry his eldest Daughter to the Duke, and would accept of the Command of General of the Forces of the Church, with a Pension of 6000 Ducats. But those were mere Jealousies, and soon after the Emperor declared, he would break through the Dutchy of Milan and with all his Forces invade the State of Venice. The Catholick King took care to secure the Duke of Ca∣labria, who was at his Court. The Emperor was offended at the King of France, for that he sup∣ported the Duke of Guelders, and had made War in Burgundy at the time that King Ferdinand went into Italy. He did not approve of the Conference betwixt the two Kings, and took it ill that the Match betwixt Prince Charles and the Princess Claudia was broke off. At this time that Lady was contracted to the Duke of Angoulesme Heir to the Crown of France, and there∣fore the Emperor pleaded the Investiture of the Dutchy of Milan, according to the Agreement

made with King Philip, was void. The Catholick King valued not the Match, thinking by this means to secure Prince Charles the Inheritance of the Kingdom of Naples. The King of France not regarding the Emperor's Complaints, he thought of marrying Prince Charles to Mary Daughter to the King of England. This Match was so far advanced, that the Princess's Portion was assigned to be 250000 Crowns, and the Time and Place of Marriage appointed. It was concluded the Consent of King Ferdinand and Queen Joanna should be asked, but the Marriage to be consummated tho they opposed it. This Match pleased the King of England, yet he was willing to oblige King Ferdinand, in hopes himself to marry Queen Joanna: The Catholick King gave him good words to secure the Marriage of his Daughter the Princess Catherine with the Prince of Wales. But the King of England at the same time delayed, in hopes to promote the Match for himself, which was a strange Complication of Politicks. Death broke off all the King of England's designs. Many said King Ferdinand intended to marry Queen Joanna to his Brother-in-law Gaston de Foix, to put him in possession of the Kingdom of Navarre to which he pretended a Right, and by that means take revenge of the King and Queen of Na∣varre who had often offended him; and lastly, in siezing the Estate of of the Earl of Lerin, who was married to his Sister, and refusing to restore and stand Tryal with him. D. John Manuel was come to the Emperor's Court, but not so well looked upon as before, which he perceiving thought of returning to Spain. In order to it he proposed to King Ferdinand either to re∣store him to his Estate and treat him according to his quality, or else to give him leave with his Wife and Children to go to Portugal, otherwise he must like a desperate Man do all that he could against him. Nothing was granted him, and he tho out of favour, by his sharp Wit sowed Discord betwixt those two Princes. It was also believed Cardinal Bernardin de Carvajal the Pope's Legate at the Emperor's Court did King Ferdinand no good Offices there; wherefore the King requested of the Pope that he might be removed and called back to Rome, which at last he obtained.

Notes

• * 1.1

  F••ench King in I∣taly.
• * 1.2

  Interview of the two Kings.
• * 1.3

  King Fer∣dinand re∣turns to Castile.
• * 1.4

  The Em∣peror dis∣gusted with Fer∣dinand.