The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.

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Title
The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.
Author
Mariana, Juan de, 1535-1624.
Publication
London :: Printed for Richard Sare ... and Thomas Bennet ...,
1699.
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Subject terms
Spain -- History.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A51926.0001.001
Cite this Item
"The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A51926.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 5, 2025.

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CHAP. IV. The Conspiracy of John Prochita in Sicily, against the French; and Slaughter of them call'd the Sicilian Vespers. Kings of France and Aragon at War about Sicily. Castile and Aragon under an Interdict at the same time.

THis Year was Memorable, not only for the Wrongs done to King Alonso, but also for * 1.1 the famous Conspiracy of John Prochita. He had been Lord of the Island Prochita, on the Coast of Sicily; a Man of great Parts, much a Friend to King Manfredus, and since his Overthrow, fearing the French, fled to Aragon. There he was honourably entertain'd by the Two Kings, Jayme and his Son Peter, and had large Revenues given him. The Gibellines at that time oppress'd by the French, had cast their Eyes on the King of Aragon for Protecti∣on. Charles, King of Sicily and Naples, kept all Italy, and even the City of Rome, in Sub∣jection, and refus'd to release Beatrix, the Daghter of Manfredus, and Sister to Constance Queen of Aragon. John Prochita laid hold of these Disgusts between those Princes and Great Men, and hoped to improve them to the recovering of his Estate. In order to it, he went in disguise to Constantinople, and inform'd the Emperor Paleologus, how Charles King of Sicily, with the Power of the French, intended to deprive him of the Empire, and restore Baldwin, whose Daughter he had Marry'd. The Emperor, tho convinc'd that what Prachita

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told him was true, would not openly declare himself, but promis'd under-hand, to assist the King of Aragon in his Pretensions, with a great Sum of Mony. This done, Prochita returns into Italy, where he gave the Pope an account of his Negotiation, and then went into Sicily, to stir the People there to Rebel. Such was the Security of the French, and the Secrecy of the Conspirators, that nothing was discover'd. At this time dy'd Pope Nicholas, and Martin the IVth native of Tours, succeeded him. This Pope was wholly devoted to King Charles, and to oblige * 1.2 him, Excommunicated the Greek Emperor. Besides, he refused to Canonize Raymund of Pena∣fuerte, which the King of Aragon solicited for, pretending that nothing ought to be granted him, whilst he refused to pay the Tribute he ow'd to the Church of Rome, but instead thereof he recall'd the Grant of the Tenths of Ecclesiastical Revenues, which his Predecessors had made to King Jayme, Father to him now Reigning. What might have terrify'd the Arago∣nian, made him the more eager; and therefore he furnish'd a mighty Fleet on the Coast of Aragon, giving out, it was to go over into Africk, where two Sons of the King of Tunez, who was deposed by Conrade Lança, were at variance about the Cities of Constantina and Bugia. This was given out, but his real design was against Sicily. The Popes and King of France's Embassadors, pressing to know the intent of those Preparations, as being both con∣cern'd for King Charles, the King of Aragon in a Passion answer'd, If he thought his Shirt knew his design, he would take it off and burn it. The Grecian Emperor according to pro∣mise, sent a considerable Sum of Mony. The Conspiracy of the Sicilians was put in Execu∣tion at the holiest time of the year, to wit, on the 21st. of March, being Easter Tuesday, when the French were most secure, being wholly bent upon Sports and Pastimes. At the time * 1.3 when the Bells Rung to Vespers or Evensong, all the French throughout the whole Island were Massacred; and thence came the Proverb of the Sicilian Vespers. Besides, the Sicilians seiz'd upon all the Fleet provided in the Ports of that Island against the Grecian Emperor, then de∣clar'd an Enemy by the Pope. This is the most receiv'd Relation of that memorable Action. Yet others affirm, it began at Palermo, where a French Man offering to search a Woman for Arms, the People laid hold of that occasion to Rise, and kill all the French in the City, Castle and Country, without sparing either Age or Sex, insomuch that they slew such Women as they thought to be with Child by them, that none of the Race might remain. The City of Palermo was Plunder'd, as if an Enemy had entred it. All other Towns follow'd the Ex∣ample of Palermo. Only Mecina was some time quiet; because Herbertus Aurelianensis Go∣vernour of the whole Island for the French, was there, yet soon after the Mecineses expell'd the Governour and Garrison. William Porcelotte a Provençal, who was Governour of Cala∣tafimia, in the Heat of that Confusion was permitted to depart peaceably, the general opi∣nion conceiv'd of his Goodness and Modesty, protecting him. This was the event of that most famous Conspiracy of John Prochita. The Sicilians after their Fury was over, reflecting on their Danger, and resolving rather to Dye than fall again into the hands of the French, thought fit to have recourse to the Ring of Aragon for Protection. Whilst this was doing in Sicily, he was at Tortosa, with his Fleet in a readiness, and thence went over into Africk; where having plunder'd and ruin'd the Sea Coasts, on a sudden he Sail'd over to Corsica. There he was inform'd of what had been done in Sicily, and that King Charles was gone in great haste from Tuscany, and had laid Siege to Mecina, Battering it with the greatest Fury imaginable. The * 1.4 French acted with Rage, seeking to revenge the Slaughter of their Country-men, and the Be∣sieg'd defended themselves with such Resolution, that the Women and Children were not exempted from the Labour or Danger. Now the King of Aragon arrived at Palermo, where the more to tye him to the Interest of the Island, he was Crowned; and there his Fleet was Increas'd with the Addition of the Ships taken by the Sicilians, and provided by the French against the Grecian Emperor. Hope of speedy Relief encourag'd the Besieg'd, and King Charles was forc'd to quit the Siege, and with Shame return into Italy. The Two Kings sent one another Letters full of reproachful Language, and declar'd open War. The King of Aragon expected Supplies from Spain, King Charles from France and Marseilles. The later incamp'd with his Army near the Streight of Mecina, in sight of Sicily. King Peter had di∣stributed his Forces in Garrisons. He finding the Enemy was Strong, and that his own Re∣cruits were to come from far off, thought good to make use of Policy. King Charles was Brave, and valu'd himself much upon his Strength and Skill at all Weapons. King Peter * 1.5 sent him a Challenge to Fight Hand to Hand, and decide the Quarrel without the Effusion of so much Blood, as must of necessity be shed in a Battel: So say the French Historians. But the Aragonians affirm, that King Charles Challeng'd King Peter, and that Simon Leontius a Do∣minican, brought the Challenge. Certain it is, the Challenge was accepted; and they agreed to Fight with 100 Gentlemen on a side. A Dispute arising about the Place of Com∣bat, Bourdeaux was agreed upon as an indifferent Place, being then in the Hands of the King of England. They appointed the Day, and swore to the Conditions of the Combat. The Pope knowing what had been done in Sicily, charg'd the King of Aragon to desist, and not disturb the publick Peace; but he refusing to obey, on the Ninth of November was Excom∣municated. He also sent to the King of England to forbid him permitting the Battel in his Dominions, yet that avail'd not. Queen Constance by her Husband's Order went to Sicily that the Sicilians might not Revolt, she being their Natural Sovereign. She arriv'd at Me∣cina on the 22th. of April 1283. and with her, her Son Jayme, to whom his Father design'd to * 1.6

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give the Kingdom of Sicily. Both Kings prepar'd for the Challenge. King Charles went over into France, and he of Aragon, with his Fleet, into Spain. On the first day of June, the day appointed for Battel, King Charles with his Troop of Gentlemen, appear'd at Bour∣deaux. King Peter came not. The French Authors attribute this to Cowardize and Falshood; for at the same time the King of Aragon was making Warlike Preparations. Our Historians excuse him, saying, he was warn'd by the Governour of Bourdeaux, to have a care of Trea∣chery, for that the King of France was Marching that way with a powerful. Army, so that his 100 Aragonian Horse were to encounter with the whole Power of France. This gave oc∣casion to every one to make Reflections according to their inclination, and was the ground of a lasting War.

As soon as the King of Aragon return'd home, he took in hand two several Affairs. One was to drive D. John Nun̄ez de Lara out of Albaraçin, since relying on the Strength of that * 1.7 Place, he made Incursions upon the Frontiers of Aragon. The other was to appease the No∣bility of Aragon and Catalonia, who were then Mutinous, and stirr'd up the People to Rebel∣lion upon the usual Pretences of Liberty and Property. To this effect the Cortes, or Parlia∣ment, met first at Taraçona, then at Zaragoça; and lastly at Barcelona, where the King gave Orders for the Redressing all Grievances; and so the People were pacified. The War he had in hand with the French made him condescend, lest whilst he was busie in Sicily, or Italy, the Aragonians should Revolt. Besides, he was perplex'd; for that the Pope had not only Excommunicated, but Deposed him of his Fathers Dominions, and given the Conquest thereof to Charles de Valois, the King of France his younger Son. No less Troubles were at the same time in Castile, caus'd by the Discord between King Alonso and his Son. The greater * 1.8 number follow'd Prince Sancho. King Alonso being forsaken by his own People, had again recourse to Strangers, and brought the King of Morocco the second time into Spain, giving out, it was against the King of Granada, who was in League with the Prince. This Expedi∣tion produc'd nothing remarkable, because both Christians and Moors were better provided than had been expected; and the King of Granada having put strong Garrisons into all his Towns, would not hazard a Battel; and so the King of Morocco return'd into Africk, with∣out doing any thing remarkable. This Design failing, King Alonso solicited the King of France to make War upon his Son; and at the same time to have the Zeal of Religion make for him, accus'd his Son before the Pope of Disobedience, Impiety and Ingratitude, in usurp∣ing his Crown before he was Dead. The Pope gave Ear to this Complaint, and Excom∣municated all those that adher'd to Prince Sancho. He also appointed Judges to hear both * 1.9 Parties; and they laid an Interdict upon all Towns that were for the Prince, so that at one time, both in Castile and Aragon, tho for different reasons, the Churches were shut up; yet the Rebellion continu'd, the Prince threatning Death to the Popes Commissioners if they fell into his hands. However, the dread of Ecclesiastical Censures caus'd many to fall off from him. Among the first, his Brothers Peter and John began to take Compassion on their Father, which Prince Sancho understanding, he detain'd his Brother Peter, with the promise of the Kingdom of Murcia; but John withdrew privately; and through Portugal, got away to his Father at Sevil. Many Towns repenting their Disloyalty, sought how to obtain the King's Pardon, and clear themselves of the Excommunication they lay under; and having obtain'd both, presently submitted themselves. Agreda and Trevin̄o were of this number. Many Men of Note, as D. John Nun̄ez de Lara, D. John Alonso de Haro, and Prince James, joyn'd the Army of Philip King of France, then marching to the Assistance of King Alonso; and with him entred Castile, plundering all the Country as far as Toledo, without meeting any Opposition.

Notes

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