The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.

About this Item

Title
The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.
Author
Mariana, Juan de, 1535-1624.
Publication
London :: Printed for Richard Sare ... and Thomas Bennet ...,
1699.
Rights/Permissions

To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.

Subject terms
Spain -- History.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A51926.0001.001
Cite this Item
"The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A51926.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed May 8, 2025.

Pages

CHAP. II. The Death of Peter, King of Aragon, and of Alonso, King of Castile. Si∣mon, Earl of Monfort, General of the Catholicks, Overthrows the Hereticks, and takes the Towns they had possess'd themselves of.

IT being now resolved to decide these matters of Religion by Arms, a great number of Sol∣diers were assembled out of Italy, Germany and France, hoping to gain the Indulgence granted * 1.1 by the Pope, to such as took up the Cross on such occasions. These first possess'd themselves of the City Besieres, and in it put to the Sword 7000 of the Mutiniers. This struck such a terror into the People of Carcassonne, that they surrendred the City to the Catholicks, and the Ringleaders were punish'd. These prosperous beginnings encourag'd the Catholicks, who wanting a General, made choice of Simon, Earl of Montfort, a Town of note in the Territo∣ry * 1.2 of Chartres, as being an experienced Soldier, and of known Zeal for the Catholick Religi∣on. He having taken upon him that charge, and gather'd his Forces, gain'd from the Here∣ticks the Castle of Minerva, the City Albis, a Town call'd Vaure, near Toulouze, and many other places. This done, he laid Siege to Toulouze, but could not enter it, by reason the Earls of Toulouze, Faux and Cominges, were within, and defended it with great resolution. Therefore raising the Siege, he bent his Force against the Earldom of Faux. The King of Aragon was in care for those his Friends and Allies, and fear'd, lest Simon of Montfort, un∣der the specious pretence of Religion, should endeavour to enlarge his own Dominions. There∣fore immediately after the famous Battle of Navas de Tolosa, he imploy'd his thoughts on the Affairs of France with so much application, that it appears, he was at Toulouze in the Month of January, in the Year 1213. In May following, he raised Men at Lerida, and other places, to carry on that War. Being returned to France, all those Princes joyn'd him with their * 1.3 Forces, which together, are said to have composed an Army of 100000 Men, a number scarce credible. Simon of Montfort, provided to oppose so powerful an Enemy, and in order to it, fortified the Castle Murelle, on the Banks of the River Garonne. The Confederates marched to Besiege it, and Montfort with a small number, but chosen Men to defend it. With him were seven Bishops, S. Dominick, and three Abbots. These endeavour'd to disswade the King from supporting the Hereticks, but he was deaf to their advice. The Catholicks were

Page 194

not above 800 Horse, and 1000 Foot, a small number to the multitude of the Enemies. However relying on the Justice of their Cause, they engaged, and it was resolutely fought on both sides. At length, thro' the special Providence of God, and Valour of the Catholicks, * 1.4 the Enemy was put to flight, the Earls escap'd, but the King was kill'd upon the place, with several Argonians of note; yet the number of the Dead was not great. Every Body said the King had deserved that end for favouring of Hereticks, (tho' in other respects, he was so true a Son of the Church, that he got the name of Peter the Catholick) and also for his Lewdness, which transported him so far as to put away his Queen, a Woman of singular Virtue, upon pretence of Consanguinity, and that she had been Marry'd to the Earl of Cominges, tho' that Marriage had been declared invalid. This Lady was now at Rome, and daily expected Judgment should be given for her, when the news of the King's Death was brought. His Body was buried by the Knights of S. John, in the Monastery of Ximena, where Queen San∣cha his Mother lies.

He left only one Son, called Jayme, or James, but four Years of Age. There were yet living, Ferdinand, Brother to the Deceased, and Abbot of Montaragon, and consequently, * 1.5 a professed Monk, and Sancho, Earl of Roussillon, his Uncle, of a great age, as being Uncle to the late King. These two, notwithstanding the Profession of the one, and the Age of the other, had thoughts of Usurping the Crown. To this purpose, they endeavoured to gain the Nobility and People, giving out that D. Jayme was a Bastard, and they consequent∣ly next Heirs. This design was no way pleasing to the Prelates and Nobles. Especially Pe∣ter Fernandez de Açagra, Lord of Albarazin, was concerned there should be any talk of Exclu∣ding the Child, and that he should be then as a Prisoner in the hands of Simon of Montfort. Having therefore consulted the other Nobles, they sent an Embassador to Pope Innocent, de∣siring he would command Montfort to deliver up the Child, whom all acknowledged as their King. The Pope readily condescended, and sent Orders to his Legate, the Cardinal of Be∣navente, then in the War against the Hereticks, to give all satisfaction to the Argonians, if what they demanded, were just. Mean while, Montfort had taken Toulouze, the Nest, and chief Recepticle of the Hereticks. The Legate gathered a Synod at Montpelier, where it was unanimously agreed to give all that had been taken in War, to Simon of Montfort, as a Reward for his good service. The Bishop of Embrun, was sent to the Pope, to obtain a Confirmation of this their Decree. This was the posture of Affairs in France. In Spain, a vio∣lent Famine rag'd, by reason of the Drought. After the Famine, as is usual, follow'd the * 1.6 Plague, caused by the unusual things eaten for want. Many Towns were quite Unpeopled, especially in the Kingdom of Toledo, where this Calamity was most destructive, as being the highest part of all Spain. Roderick, Archbishop of Toledo, was a great help to the Poor, gi∣ving extraordinary Alms, and stirring up others to do the like. Whereupon King Alonso, afterwards at Burgos, gave him 20 Villages, and the Chancellorship of Castile, the highest * 1.7 Dignity next the King, to him, and his Successors, the Archbishops for ever. This Office, the Archbishops exercised by themselves, or their Deputies, till the time of the Archbishop Giles de Albornoz, when by reason of his absence, and the confusion of the times, it was gi∣ven to others; and now those Prelates retain nothing but the bare Title. King Alonso being at Burgos, desired to be reconciled to the King of Leon, with whom he had been offended ever since he put away his Daughter Berengaria. Both Kings met at Valladolid, where all differences were composed, and particularly, they agreed, that Carpio and Monterey, should be demolished, because there arose Debates about them. This done, the King of Leon returned to his Country, taking along with him, by the consent of the King of Castile, James Lopez de Haro, to employ him in his Wars against the Moors. James de Haro, was then in great Repute, so besides his Son, a good number of Men follow'd him, desiring to serve un∣der so experienced a General. The King of Castile, tho' old, would not slip the opportuni∣ty * 1.8 of making his advantage of the Moors, under a consternation for their late losses. The King of Leon began the War in that part of old Lusitania, now called Estremadura, where having plundred and wasted all the Country, he took from the Moors, a Town of Alcantara, seated on the Banks of Tagus, which he gave to the Knights of Calatrava. This was the Ori∣ginal * 1.9 of the Knights of Alcantara, at first subject to the Order of Calatrava, now indepen∣dant of them, having obtained a Bull from Pope Julius II. to that effect. The Habit of Ca∣latrava formerly was a Scapular, with a Hood over their Cloths, like the Fryers; since Pope Benedict XIII. changed it, and instead of the Hood, they wear a red Cross Fleury. Those of Alantara wear the same form of Cross, but green on a white Cloak. Both observe the Rule of S. Bernard, and are subject to the Order of Cistercians. Alonso, King of Castile, advanced with his Forces as far as Baeça, which the Moors had again recovered, and laid Siege to that City, after ravaging all the open Country. Jame Lopez de Haro, the War of Estrema∣dura being ended, came thither. Tho' they made their utmost Efforts, yet could they not take that City, for want of Provisions. A Truce was therefore concluded with the Moors, and the Ar∣my drew off to furnish themselves with Necessaries. But for the scarcity which was that Year, it had been a good opportunity of subduing the Moors, they being then divided among themselves and distracted with intestine Wars. Mahomet, Sirnamed the Green, King of the Moors, after the loss of the memorable Battle of Nabas de Tolofa, went over into Africk, to recruit his Forces. In his absence, his Brother Zeit Abenzeit, possessed himself of Valencia and Monviedro, with all their

Page 195

Dependencies. Mahomet Zeit, his Cousin, did the same with the Cities of Cordova and Bae∣ça. Abobali, another Moor, following their example, secured to himself, Sevil, Ecija and Xeres. Thus the Force of the Moors was divided, and consequently weakned. A fit oppor∣tunity of subduing them was offer'd, but King Alonso, the most powerful Prince in Spain, could not make use of it, by reason of the scarcity of Provisions, as also, because he was a∣bout to relieve the English, then too hard set in France. At the same time, Alonso II. King * 1.10 of Portugal, Sirnamed the Fat, was busie, taking away by force of Arms from his Sisters, the Towns left them by his Father. Princes never want pretences to put in execution their De∣signs. Those Ladies had recourse for Protection, to the King of Leon, their Kinsman, who went not in Person, but sent his Son Ferdinand, by whom many Towns were taken from the Portugueses, but afterwards restored, at the request of Pope Innocent, who interposed to ad∣just those Differences. The King of Castile desired to Commune with his Son-in-law, the King of Portugal; and to that purpose, sent Embassadors to invite him to Plasencia; but under∣standing his coming would not be so soon, went to Burgos, thence to send Supplies to the En∣glish. Death prevented all these Designs. In his return from Burgos, earnestly desiring to meet the King of Portugal, he fell sick at Garcimun̄os, where he was given over by the Phy∣sicians. * 1.11 Roderick, Archbishop of Toledo, Administred the Sacraments to him, and caused him to make a Will. That done, he expir'd upon Munday the 6th of October, in the Year 1214. This was the end of King Alonso, the most Renowned Prince of that Age, who did many * 1.12 great things by himself, yet the other Kings of Spain did nothing considerable without him. He lived 57 years, and 22 days, and thereof reign'd 55. I should think but 53, since at the beginning of his Reign, our Author says, he was 4 years old when his Father died. His Bo∣dy was bury'd at Huelgas, near Burgos. This same Year died Ellenor, Queen Dowager of Castile, Ferdinand, eldest Son to the King of Leon, by his first Wife; also James Lopes de Ha∣ro, and Peter de Castro, Son to Ferdinand de Castro, all Persons of great Note. The Queen * 1.13 departed this life on the last day of October, of Grief for the loss of her Husband, and was bury'd by him. Ferdinand of Leon, was a very hopeful Youth, had he not been un∣timely cut off by Death, he was Interr'd at Santiago, in Galicia. A Brother of his of the same Name survived, being born of Berengaria, his Father's second Wife, and inherited both the Crowns of Castile and Leon, as shall be shown in its place. Peter de Castro, ended his days at Morocco, the cause of his going thither, is not known.

Notes

Do you have questions about this content? Need to report a problem? Please contact us.