The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.

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Title
The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.
Author
Mariana, Juan de, 1535-1624.
Publication
London :: Printed for Richard Sare ... and Thomas Bennet ...,
1699.
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Spain -- History.
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http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A51926.0001.001
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"The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A51926.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed April 27, 2025.

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CHAP. XI. A Moorish King Baptized. Description of Valencia, its Siege and surrender to the King of Aragon, who is Wounded before it. Theobald, King of Navarre goes with others to the Holy-War.

THE King of Aragon ceased not to press the Moors of the Kingdom of Valencia. Zeit * 1.1 their King was Banished thence, and being well affected to the Christian Re∣ligion, was at length Baptized, by the Name of Vincent. This was done privately, that the Moors might not know it, he still entertaining hopes of recovering his Kingdoms. His Con∣version had been foretold by two Fryars, John and Peter, whom for that reason, he caused to be put to Death. D. Sancho Ahones Archbishop of Zaragoça, laboured to have him Marry, because his Life was scandalous, he indulging his former Libertinism. His Wife's Name was Dominga Lopez of Zaragoça. By her he had Alda Hernandez, Marry'd to Blasco Ximenez Lord of Arenos, who inherited many other Towns of his Father-in-Law, and from him came the Fa∣mily of Arenos. In Prosecution of his design, the King of Aragon wasted the Territory of Exerica, burning the ripe Corn on the Ground. Bernard William the King's Unkle, by the Mother's side, was appointed General of the Frontiers to oppose the Moors, he being Famous for Martial exploits. In October following, the Cortes, or Parliament was held at Monçon, * 1.2 where it was resolved to carry on the War, and Besiege Valencia. It was also determined, that a certain Coin called Jaquesa, which had much mixture of Brass, should not be called in, because it would be a great loss to those who had any quantity of it. On this account they or∣dered that every House should pay to the King one Maravedis in Seven Years. Bernard William repaired the Castle called Poyo de S. Maria, destroy'd by the Moors, and kept a good Garrison in it. Zaen, King of Valencia resolved to Besiege this Castle, with 600 Horse and 40000 Foot. The Christians, tho' nothing equal in Number, drew out to Fight them in the Field, and were reduced to the utmost peril, but at length, their Valour overcame the Multitude, and the Infidels were put to flight. It was given out, that St. George assisted the Christians in that

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Fight. When success is beyond expectation, Men are apt to attribute it to Miracle. It is al∣so said, an Image of Our Lady was found under the Bell in the Castle, to which the Neigh∣bouring People erected a Church. This Battle was fought in the Month of August of the Year 1237. King Jaime hearing of the Victory, and being informed, tho' it proved a false report, that the Moors were returning with a greater force, he with more Courage than * 1.3 discretion, having in his Company only 130 Horse, advanced beyond Poyo and Monviedro. There a strong Squadron of Moorish Horse met him, under the Command of D. Artal de Ala∣gon, Son to D. Blasco, then in Banishment. The danger was great, but the King's good For∣tune, and above all God's Special Providence brought him off, for the Moors marched off an∣other * 1.4 way, without offering to charge the Christians. It was very dangerous, and expensive to keep the Castle of Poyo, which lay near Valencia, and far from Aragon, but chiefly for that Bernard William the King's Unkle, who Commanded there was dead, which was the cause that the King set out from Zaragoça, where he had passed the Winter, and exposed himself to that danger. He bestow'd on William Entença, Son to the deceased, all the honours and places of Trust his Father had possessed, which were justly due to him, for that Gentlemans good Service. Berengarius Entença, was made Governour of the Castle, notwithstanding the most were for abandoning of it, yet the King would not consent, because it stood oppor∣tunely to forward the taking of Valencia. Understanding the Soldiers designed to make their escape thence, and forsake it, he gathered them in the Chapel of the Castle, and there upon the Altar, took an Oath Solemnly, that he would never return home without being Master of Valencia. This his Resolution so encourag'd the Soldiers, that they willingly stayed there, and so dismay'd the Infidels, that their King Zaen sent to sue for Peace, offering to deliver up several Forts, and pay a considerable Yearly Tibute. Yet the King, contrary to the advice of most Men, refused these conditions, not doubting of the Conquest of that City. He was the more incouraged, for that Almenara, Betera, Bulla, and other places were surrended to him. With the King at this time, there were only 1000 Foot and 360 Horse, a small force for so great an undertaking. With this handful, he durst pass the River Guadalaviar, and lay Siege to that great and populous City. He intrenched himself in the Mid way, between Valen∣cia and the Grao, which is the shore so called, for that it rises as it were by Steps, a Mile distant from each place. Valencia is seated in that part of Spain formerly called Tarraconensis, in the Territory of the Edetany. The Country about it is Fruitful and pleasant, but is sup∣plyed * 1.5 with Corn from abroad. It was furnished with good Soldiers, rich in Merchandize, and so pleasant, it neither felt the sharpness of Winter, nor extream Heat of the Summer. Its Buildings are stately, its Gardens and Orchards replenished with all variety of Trees, in some places cut in various shapes, in others, so intermixing and intangling their boughs, they make a continued Arbour, always Green and Pleasant. Such were the Elysian Fields, feign'd by the Poets. Such the beauty of this City, which may compare with the pleasantest in Europe. On the left side it is Watered by River Guadalaviar, which runs between the Wall and the Royal Palace, and on the East joins to the City by a Bridge. Many small Chanels are drawn from this River to Water the Orchards. Three Miles off, near the Sea, is Albufera, a place not very wholesome, but where great plenty of fish is taken. At that time the Walls of the Town were round, containing 1000 paces in Circumference, and had Four Gates. The first called Boatelana towards the South East; the second Baldina towards the North; the third Templaria (so called of a Church Built there by the Templers) towards the East; the fourth Xaraena, betwixt which and Boatelana, the King incamped, that being the best place for Battery, by reason of a sort of Angle the Wall made there. Great dili∣gence was used by the Christians, in fixing their Engines for Battery. King Zaen, the first * 1.6 day before they could intrench, drew out to give Battle, but the Christians would not be drawn to Fight, because their Number was yet small, and supplies came in daily to them. Many Prelates and other Persons of note were at the Siege. A Body of Frenchmen, came un∣der the Command of Aymilius Bishop of Narbonne, also succours out of England, drawn by the Fame of the enterprize. In several Skirmishes the Enemies were worsted, which made them more cautious how they Sally'd. The Christians lodging themselves under the Walls, in Three several places, lay'd open, as much of them as for one Man to pass. Mean while the Besieged were not idle. Peter Rodriguez de Açagra and Ximeno de Ʋrrea, at the same time took the Town of Cilla, on the other side of Valentia. Yet the Moors gain'd Courage at the Arrival of the King of Tunez, his Fleet consisting of 18 Ships and Gallies. This availed them nothing, for the Africans understanding a Fleet was furnishing against them at Tortosa, sailed away without relieving the City, or taking Pen̄iscola on that Coast as they had de∣signed. Now the Besieged began to dismay, not only for this disappointment, but also be∣cause Provisions began to grow scarce, and they feared greater want. On the contary, the Christian Camp was full of hopes, and had plenty of all things, notwithstanding they were so increased, that now they amounted to 60000 Foot, and 1000 Horse. The King gave great demonstrations, as well of his Valour as Conduct, and acted the part not only of a * 1.7 General, but of a Soldier upon occasion, insomuch, that approaching too near the Wall, he was wounded with a dart in the forehead. For five days he could not go abroad. On the 13th of June, this Year 1238. he received Embassadors in the Camp from the Pope, and Ci∣ties * 1.8 of Lombardy, offering to put themselves into his hands, if he would assist them against the

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Emperor Frederick II. By the advice of his Queen Violante, who had great power over him, and by whom he had a Daughter of the same Name, he accepted of their offers, but could not perform as to succouring them, he being so engag'd in the Wars of Spain; besides, that the Emperor was reconciled to the Pope, tho' but superficially. The Besieged having lost all hopes of Relief, resolved to surrender. Haliabata, the King's Favou∣rite, and after him, Abulhamaler, his Nephew, were sent out to treat. After many Debates, both Parties being eager to come to a conclusion, the Capitulation was sign'd, and the principal Articles were. That the Moorish King deliver up the City Valencia, and all other Towns and Castles on this side the River Xucar. That the Moors be safely conduct∣ed to Cullera and Denia. That they have liberty to carry along with them as much Gold, * 1.9 Silver, Jewels, or any other Goods, as they can, without being searched. That a Trūce be inviolably observed betwixt the two Kings for the Term of 8 Years. Five days were allow∣ed for the performance of Articles, but the Moors before the time was expir'd, quitted the City to the number of 50000 Men, Women and Children. They march'd thro' a Lane made of the Christian Army. On Michaelmass-Eve, the Victors took possession of that Ci∣ty and Kingdom, Consecrated the Churches, and chose Ferrer de S. Martin, some say he was a Dominican, the first Bishop. People resorted to inhabit there, chiefly out of Catalonia, from Tarragona, Girona and Tortosa. The Country about the City was equally divided a∣mong the Prelates, Gentlemen, and Councils of such Cities as were assisting in carrying on the Siege. Also the Knights of S. John, and the Templers had their Quota, To 380 Horse, was assign'd a particular share, on account that they should defend the Frontiers, 100 of 'em doing Duty every four Months. Because the City was not naturally strong, and the Walls were batter'd, the King raised a new Wall larger than the former, and square, with 12 Gates, 3 towards each quarter of the World. New Laws were also given to the Inhabitants. Thus Zaen, the Moorish King, lost the Kingdom he had wrongfully Usurped; for no Power unjustly acquir'd can be lasting. Great was the Joy for this Success throughout all Spain, and it was the greater, for that scarce any Gentleman of Note was lost in the Expedition. Only D. Artal de Alagon, who seeing the Moors go down the Wind, had return'd to his Allegiance, and together with Raymund Folch, Viscount of Cardona, took Villena, in a Skirmish with the Moors, near Saix, was killed with a Stone. This was the conclusion of the Conquest of Va∣lencia. Whilst the Aragonians were busie in this War, the Navarrois committed not the least Hostility. Theobald, Earl of Champagne, was their King, as has been said above. This King being ambitious of Honour, and zealous of God's Glory, and his Kingdom enjoying Peace, agreed with the Earls, Henry of Bari, Peter of Berteigno, and Aymerick of Montfort, to go over with their Forces to the Holy-Land. All things being in a readiness on their * 1.10 part, the Genoeses failed sending a Fleet to transport them. They took their Journey by Land thro' Germany, Hungary, and Thracia, and passed over the Streight of Constantinople. In Cilicia, about the Passes of Mount Taurus, they were in great danger, being attack'd by vast numbers of Turks, so that scarce the third part of the Army that set out, reach'd the City Antioch, and those that did, sick and worn out with their long march. Their Success in Palestine, was answerable to the beginning, very few return'd home. The French Histori∣ans place this Expedition of King Theobald, 10 Years later, when S. Luis, their King, went to the Holy-Land. But that cannot be, because Roderick the Archbishop, mentions this Action of Theobald, and his History reaches but five Years after the Conquest of Valencia; besides that, he was dead before S. Luis set out for the Holy-War.

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